Skip to main content

Full text of "The Athenaeum"

See other formats 


=00 


■CM 

=00 

=00 


i<0 


ico 


in 


r 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 

in  2011  with  funding  from 

University  of  Toronto 


http://www.archive.org/details/p1athenaeum1908lond 


%. 


[INDEX  SUPPLEMENT  to  the  ATHENAEUM  with  No.  4212,  July  18,  1908. 


THE 


r 


ATHENAEUM 


JOURNAL 


OP 


LITERATURE,    SCIENCE,    THE    FINE   ARTS,    MUSIC, 

AND    THE    DRAMA. 

JANUARY  TO  JUNE, 

1908. 


LONDON: 


q 


h 


A 


% 


PRINTED  BY  JOHN  EDWARD  FRANCIS,  ATHENAEUM  PREB8,  BREAM'S  BUILDINGS,  CHANCERY  LANE. 

PUBLISHED  AT  THE  OFFICE,  BREAM'S  BUILDINGS,  CHANCERY  LANE,  E.C., 

BY  JOHN  C.  FRANCIS  AND  J.  EDWARD  FRANCIS. 

SOLD  BY  ALL  BOOKSELLERS  AND  NEWSMEN  IN  TOWN  AND  COUNTRY. 
AGENT8  FOR  SCOTLAND,  ME88R8.  BELL  &  BRADPUTE  AND  MR.  JOHN  MENZIES,  EDINBURGH. 


MDCCCCVIII. 


•urrudfurr*  »•  ajmbmhw  »**  ■•.««*,  Joij  is,  i«> 


SUPPLEMENT  to  the  ATHKN-SIUM  with  No.  4212,  July  13, 1908. 


INDEX       OF       CONTENTS. 

JANUARY  TO  JUNE,  1908. 


LITERATURE. 

Reviews. 

Abbott'3  (E.  A.)  Notes onNew  Testament  Criticism,  189  ' 

Indices  to  Diatessarica,  668 
Aberdeen  University,   Record  of  its  Quatercentenary, 

540 
Abraham's  (G.  D.)  The  Complete  Mountaineer,  351 
Acton's  (Baron)    History  of  Freedom,  ed.  Figgis   and 
Laurence,  68 ;  Historical  Essays  and  Studies,  ed.  Figgis 
and  Laurence,  220 
Adams's  (Rev.  J.)  Sermons  in  Syntax,  319 
Adcock's  (A.  St.  J.)  The  World  that  Never  Was,  445 
Ade's  (G.)  The  Slim  Princess,  757 
Ady's  (C  M.)  A  History  of  Milan  under  the  Sforza,  ed. 

Armstrong,  316 
Afghan  War,  Second,  1878-80, 158 
Agnew's  (G.)  The  Night  that  brings  out  Stars,  380 
Aitken's  (R.)  The  Golden  Horseshoe,  474 
Albanesi's  (Madame)  Drusilla's  Point  of  View,  724 
Aldington's  (M.)  Songs  of  Life  and  Love,  99 
Alexander's  (A.  B.  D.)  A  Short  History  of  Philosophy,  321 
Alexander's  (B.)  From  the  Niger  to  the  Nile,  38 
Allan's  (A.)  The  Advent  of  the  Father,  190 
Almanach  du  Drapeau,  13 
Almanach  Hachette,  13 

Alpens's  (Marchioness  d')  House  of  the  Lost  Court,  445 
Annesley's  (M.)  The  Door  of  Darkness,  784 
Annuaire  Statistique,  321 

Applin's  (A.)  The  Butcher  of  Bruton  Street,  634 

Aristotle :  De  Anima,  tr.  and  ed.  Hicks,  506;  The  Works 

of,  Part  I.  The  Parva  Naturalia,  tr.  Beare  and  Ross; 

Part  II.    De   Lineis  Insecabilibus,   tr.  Joachim— By 

Mauthner,  tr.  Gordon,  507 

Arnold-Forster's  (Right  Hon.  H.  O.)  English  Socialism  of 

To-day,  158 
Askew's  (A.  and  C.)  Not  Proven,  283;  The  Path  of 

Lies,  318 
Austin's  (M.)  Santa  Lucia,  664 
Ayscough's  (J.)  Marots,  568 
Bacon,  J.  M.,  Life  by  his  daughter.  727 
Bacon's  Essays,  ed.  Mary  A.  Scott,  571 
Bacon's  (J.  D.)  Ten  to  Seventeen,  449 
Baer  &  Co.'s  (Messrs.  J.)  Catalogue  of  Sixteenth-Century 

Books,  Part  III.,  353 
Bailey's  (H.  C)  The  God  of  Clay,  473 
Bailey's  (J.  C.)  The  Claims  of  French  Poetry,  33 
Barbour'sJJ.)  The  Bruce,  tr.  Eyre-Todd,  539 
Bargy's  (H.)  France  d'exil,  253 
Baring-Gould's  (S. )  Devonshire  Characters  and  Strange 

Events,  40  ;  Lives  of  the  British  Saints,  Vol.  I.,  351 
Barlow's  (G.)  The  Triumph  of  Woman,  11 
Barlow's  (J.)  Irish  Neighbours,  40 
Barr's  (R.)  Young  Lord  Stranleigh,  724 
Barrett's  (R.  M.)  EUice  Hopkins  :  a  Memoir,  287 
Barron's  (P.)  The  Hate  Flame,  664 
Barzini's  (L.)  Pekin  to  Paris,  tr.  Castelvecchio,  38 
Bax's  (E.  B.)  The  Roots  of  Reality,  160 
Bazin's  (R  )  The  Nun,  318 
Bearne's  (Mrs.)  A  Sister  of  Marie  Antoinette :  Life  Story 

of  Maria  Carolina,  Queen  of  Naples,  94 
Becke's  (L.)  The  Call  of  the  South,  448 
Begbie's  (H.)  Tables  of  Stone,  505 
Bell's  (M.)  Weeds  and  Wild  Flowers,  415 
Belloc's  (H.)  On  Nothing  and  Kindred  Subjects,  320 
Benjamin  of  Tudela,  The  Itinerary  of,  Critical  Text,  &c, 

by  Adler,  159 
Bennett's  (A.)  The  Statue,  476 
Bennetts  (W.   H.)    The  Religion  of  the   Post -Exilic 

Prophets,  319 
Benson's  (E.  F.)  Sheaves,  155 

Berlin  Oriental  Seminary,  Transactions  for  1907,  160 
Bernhardt'8  (G.  de)  The  Handbook  of  Treaties  relating 

to  Commerce,  286 
Bianquis's  (J.)  L'CEuvre  des  Missions  protestantes   a 

Madagascar,  192 
Biddulph's  (Col.  J.)  The  Pirates  of  Malabar,  251 
Binyon's  (Mrs.  L.)  Nineteenth-Century  Prose,  284 
Birkhead's  (A.)  The  Master-Knot,  445 
Birmingham's  (G.  A.)  The  Bad  Times,  283 
Black's  (C.)  Caroline,  187 
Blackmore  s  (R.   D.)   Lorna   Doone,   Introduction   and 

Notes  by  Snowden  Ward,  536 
Blackwood's  (A.)  The  Listener,  and  other  Stories,  39 
Bland's  (A.)  The  Happy  Moralist,  320 
Bloundelle-Burton's  (J.)  The  Last  of  her  Race,  318 
Boer  War,  Official  History,  Vol.  III.,  694 
Boigne,  Comtesse  de,  Memoirs  of  the,   ed.  Nicoullaud, 

Vol.  III.,  English  Translation,  126;  Vol.  IV.,  572 
Bone's  (G.)  Children's  Children,  9 
Bonnal's  (General)  La  premiere  Bataille,  223 
Book  of  the  Duke  of  True  Lovers,  tr.   Kemp-Welch, 

I  '.allada  rendered  by  Binyon  and  Maclagan,  601 
Book-Prices  Current,  ed.  Slater,  127 
Bookseller.  The,  Jubilee  Number,  128 
Boston's  (T.)  A  General  Account  of  my  Life,  755 


Boulting's  (W.)  Tasso  and  his  Times,  287 

Bovet's   (M.   A.  de)    Veuvage    blanc,    665;    Apres    le 

Divorce,  784 
Bowen's  (M.)  The  Sword  Decides,  506 
Box's  (Rev.  G.  H.)  Religion  and  Worship  of  the  Syna- 
gogue, 319 
Boyd's  (M.  S.)  Her  Besetting  Virtue,  350 
Braddon's  (M.  E.)  During  Her  Majesty's  Pleasure,  693 
Braithwaite's  (W.  S.)  Book  of  Elizabethan  Verse,  284 
Brassey's  (T.)  Work  and  "Wages  :  Part  II.  Wages  and 

Employment,  191 
Bridges's  (J.  H.)  Essays  and  Addresses,  696 
Brightwen's  (E.)  Last  Hours  with  Nature,  ed.  Chesson, 

759 
Brodrick's   (M.)   The   Trial  and   Crucifixion  of    Jesus 

Christ  of  Nazareth,  666 
Brooke's  (S.  A.)  A  Study  of  Clough,  Arnold,   Rossetti, 

and  Morris,  691 
Browning,  Robert,  Life  and  Letters  of,  by  Mrs.  S.  Orr, 

revised  by  Kenyon,  669 
Bruce,  Master  Robert,  Minister  of  the  Kirk  of  Edin- 
burgh, by  Macnicol,  540 
Brummell,  Beau,  and  his  Times,  by  De  Monvel,  535 
Bryan's  (G.  H.)  The  Elements  of  the  Geometry  of  the 

Conic,  72 
Buckrose's  (J.  E.)  The  Wolf,  506 
Burdett's  (Sir  H.)  Hospitals  and  Charities,  1908,  509 
Burfree's  (L.  J.)  The  Search  for  the  Western  Sea,  758 
Burgess's  (G.)  The  White  Cat,  222 
Burke's  Peerage,  Baronetage,  and  Knightage,  128 
Burnet,  Bishop,  Life  of,  by  Clarke  and  Foxcroft,  121 
Burrows,  Montagu,  Capt.  R.N.,  Autobiography  of,  ed. 

by  his  Son,  689 
Burt,  Thomas,  Life  by  Watson,  255 
Caetani's  (Prince  L.)  Annali  dell'  Islam,  Vol.  II.,  379 
Caine's  (W.  R.  H.)  Cruise  of  the  Port  Kingston,  320 
Calvert's  (A.  F.)  Toledo,  352 
Cambridge  Modern  History,  Vol.  V.,  ed.  Ward,  Prothero, 

and  Leathes,  722,  762 
Campbell's  (W.  S.)  The  "Passer-by"  in  London,  446 
Campbell  -  Bannerman,    Sir    Henry,    by    O'Connor  — 

Speeches,  602 
Carducci's  (G.)  Poems,  415 
Carrick's  (H.)  The  Muse  in  Motley,  157 
Carrington's  (PitzRoy)  The  Pilgrim's  Staff,  99 
Carter's  (M.  E.)  Groundwork  of  English  History,  72 
Cassell's  (Messrs.)  People's  Library,  227 
Castle's  (A.  and  E.)  Flower  o'  the  Orange,  &c,  448 
Catholic  Who's  Who,  ed.  Sir  F.  C.  Burnand,  160 
Chadwick's  (W.  E.)  Pastoral  Teaching  of  St.  Paul,  189 
Chambers's  (R.  W.)  The  Tree  of  Heaven,  695 
Champneys's  (A.  L.)  Public  Libraries.  127 
Chapman's  (A.  B.    W.)  The  Commercial  Relations  of 

England  and  Portugal,  509 
Charlton's  (R.)  The  Virgin  Widow,  505 
Chatelaine  of  Vergi,  tr.  Kemp-Welch,  601 
Chaucer's  Canterbury  Tales:  The  Nun's  Priest's  Tale, 

ed.  Pollard,  72;  The  Prologue,  &c,  done  into  English 

by  Prof.  Skeat,  98 
Chenier,  A.,  Poesies  choisies,  ed.  Derocquigny,  71 
Chesterton's  (G.  K.)  The  Man  who  was  Thursday,  350 
Chips  from  a  Bookshelf,  ed.  Browne,  571 
Church's  (Rev.  A.  J.)  Memories  of  Men  and  Books,  661 
Churchill's  (W.)  Mr.  Crewe's  Career,  723 
Clarke,   William :    a  Collection  of   his    Writings,    ed. 

Burrows  and  Hobson,  287 
Clarke's  (T.  E.  S.)  A  Life  of  Bishop  Burnet,  121 
Clegg's  (T.  B.)  The  Bishop's  Scapegoat,  757 
Clergy  Directory,  The,  128 
Clyde,  The,  River  and  Firth    painted  by  M.  Y.  and 

J.  Y.  Hunter,  described  by  Munro,  95 
Cobb's  (T.)  The  Chichester  Intrigue,  350 
Coke's  (D.)  The  Pedestal,  693 
Cole's  (S.)  Rachel  Chalfont,  350 
Coleridge's  (C-)  Miss  Lucy,  444 
Coleridge's  (M.  E.)  Poems,  Memoir  by  Newbolt,  99 
Coleridge  (S.  T.)  :  Biographia  Literaria,  ed.  Shawcross — 

The  Poems  of,  ed.  E.  H.  Coleridge,  247 
Colles's  (B..)  The  Complete  Works  of  George  Darley,287 
Collins's  (J.  C.)  Voltaire,   Montesquieu,  and  Rousseau 

in  England,  471 
Combes's  ( L.  de)  The  Finding  of  the  Cross,  tr.  Cappa- 

delta,  667 
Compayre's  (G.)  Jean  Frederic  Herbart,   tr.  Findlay, 

571 
Connold's  (E.  T.)  Gleanings  from  the  Fields  of  Nature, 

759 
Connolly's  (J.  B.)  The  Crested  Seas,  40 
Continuation  Schools  in   England  and   Elsewhere,  ed. 

Sadler,  69 
Conway  s  (R.  S.)  Virgil's  Messianic  Eclogue,  66 
Cook's  (S.  A.)  Critical  Notes  on  Old  Testament  History 

188 
Cook's  (T.  A.)  The  Cruise  of  the  Branwen,  726 
Cooper's  (E.  H.)  The  Marquis  and  Pamelii,  380 
Coppee,  F.,  Poesies  choisies,  ed.  Delbos,  71 


Correspondance  de  Dostoi'evski,  traduit  du  Russe  par 

J.  W.  Bienstock,  99 
Cotterill's  (C.    C.)    Human  Justice    for  those    at  the 

Bottom,  127 
Courlander's  (A.)  Eve's  Apple,  187 
Courtney's  (W.  L.)  The  Literary  Man's  Bible,  12 
Crawford's  (F.  M.)  The  Primadonna,  505 
Crispe's  (W.)  Corry  Thorndike,  634 
Crockett's  (S.  R.)  Deep  Moat  Grange,  476 
Crockett's  (W.  S.,  Footsteps  of  Scott.  541,  603,  638 
Crockford's  Clerical  Directory  for  1908,  449 
Cromer's  (Earl  of)  Modern  Egypt,  345,  376 
Cullum's  (R.)  The  Watchers  of  the  Plains,  445 
Cunninghame's  (A.)  The  Love  Story  of  Giraldus,  9 
Curio's  (R.  H.  P.)  Aspects  of  George  Meredith,  449 
Danby's  (F.)  The  Heart  of  a  Child,  349 
Dan  Riach,  Socialist,  505 
Dante,  In  the  Footprints  of,  by  Toynbee,  255 
Darley.  G.,  Complete  Works,  ed.  Colles,  287 
Dasent's  (A.  I.)  John  Thadeus  Delane,  Editor  of  The 

Times :  his  Life,  &c,  501 
Davenport's  (C.)  The  Book:  its  History  and  Develop- 
ment, 449 
Davidson's  (L.  C.)  The  Lost  Millionaire,  445 
Davies's  (W.  H.)  The  Autobiography  of  a  Super-Tramp, 

728 
Davitt,  Michael,  by  Sheehy-Skeffington,  761 
Dawson's  (W. )  The  Scourge,  444 
Deakin's  (D.)  The  Young  Columbine,  252 
Dearmer's  (  vj .)  The  Alien  Sisters,  413 
Debrett's  Peerage,  Baronetage,  Knightage,  128 ;  House 

of  Commons  and  the  Judicial  Bench,  159 
Deeping's  (VV.)  Bertrand  of  Brittany,  724 
Deland's(M.)  R.  J.'s  Mother  and  some  other  People,  695 
Delane,  John  Thadeus,  Life,  &c,  by  Dasent,  501 
De  La  Pasture's  (Mrs.  H.)  The  Grey  Knight,  505 
Deledda's  (G.)  Ashes  (Cenere),  634 
Demonstration  Schools  Record,  ed.  Findlay,  568 
De  Morgan's  (W.)  Somehow  Good,  252 
Dent's  (Messrs.)  Everyman's  Library,  256,  787 
Derbyshire,  Old,  Memorials  of,  ed.  Cox,  782 
Dewsnup's  (E.  R.)  The  Housing  Problem  in  England,  10 
Dickberry's  (F.)  Phantom  Figures,  9 
Dickens,  Charles,  The  Works  of,  National  Edition,  12, 

636,  671 
Dictionaries  :  A  New  English,  ed.  Murray,  Bradley, 
and  Craigie,  184,  692 ;  Hungarian  and  English  Lan- 
guages, by  Yolland,  254 ;  An  Anglo-Saxon,  based  on 
the  Collections  of  Bosworth,  Supplement  by  Toller, 
Part  I.,  475;  A  New  French-English,  English-French, 
by  Payen-Payne,  571 
Dictionary  of  Christ  and  the   Gospels,  ed.    Hastings, 

Selbie,  and  Lambert,  668 
Dictionary  of  National  Biography,  Reissue,  381 
Diehl's  (A.  M.)  An  Actor's  Love  Story,  350 
Diehl's  (C.)  Figures  byzantines,  Deuxieme  Serie,  783 
Ditchfield's  (P.  H.)  Charm  of  the  English  Village,  728 
Diver's  (M.)  The  Great  Amulet,  600 
Dod's  Peerage,  Haronetaye,  and  Knightage,  128  ;  Parlia- 
mentary Companion,  159 
Donovan's  (Dick)  In  the  Face  of  Night,  664 
Dorrington's  (A.)  And  the  Day  Came,  284 
Dostoi'evski,  Correspondance  de,  traduit  du  Russe  par 

J.  W.  Bienstock.  99 
Doughty's  (CM.)  Wanderings  in  Arabia, ed.  Garnett,  536 
Dow's  (E.  W.)  Atlas  of  European  History,  72 
Drake's  (A.  E.)  Discoveries  in  Hebrew,  so.,  Languages, 

475 
Drayton's  (M.)  Minor  Poems,  ed.  Brett,  98 
Drewitt'e  (F.  D)   Bombay  in  the  Days  of  George  IV., 

313,  450,  574 
Drummond's  (M.)  ElementB  of  Psychology,  127 
Dunning'e  (H.  W.)  To-day  on  the  Nile,  447 
Duntzer's  (H.)  Life  of  Goethe,  tr.  Lyster,  449 
Durland's  (K.)  'I  ho  Red  Reign,  192 
Dutch  Self-Taught,  478 
Dyott's  Diary,  1781-1845,  ed.  Jeffery,  8 
E.  A.'s  Spring  in  London,  414 
Earlston's  (  P.)  The  Place  Taker,  284 
Eaton's  (Dr.  J.)  Grant.  Lincoln,  and  theFreedmen,  226 
Eccott's  (W.  J.)  The  Red  Neighbour,  600 
Edgar's  (VI.  G.)   A  Treasury  of  Ballads— Treasury  of 
Verse   for  Little  Children  —  Treasury   of    Verse  for 
Boys  and  Girls,  284 
Edwards's  (G.  M.)  Altera  Colloquia  Latina,  572 
Eliot's  (Sir  C- )  Turkey  in  Europe,  416 
Ellesmere's  (Earl  of)  The  Standertons,  283 
Elwin's  (Father)  Indian  Jottings,  37 
Kmmett's  (K.  P.)  The  Silver  /one,  252 
English  Catalogue  of  Books,  256 
Erasmus  against  War,  73 

Escott's  (T.  H.  S.)  The  Story  of  British  Diplomacy,  781 
Espinosas  (Friar  A.  de)  The  Guanches  of  Tenerife,  tr. 

and  ed.  Sir  0.  Markham,  219 
Factory  and  Shop  Acts  of  the  British  Dominions,  com- 
piled by  MiBs  V.  R.  Markham,  100 


IV 


TH  E     AT1I  KNiEUM 


[81  I'l'LKMKNT  t<;  the  AT1I1  N  1  IS!  »ltl,  So.  4212.  July  II 


Jam.akv  to  June  1908 


Furor*!  (R.)  The  Wa-yi  ol  Rebellion,  146 

Farriiigton'-  (II.  M.)   The  <i:iU-s  that  Shall  not  Prevail, 

476 

Father  ami  Son,  6,  4r> 

Fenn's  (<;.  M.)  Sir  liilton'e  Sin.  418 

Frrrar.  Nicholas,  The  Life  and  Tunes  of,  hy  Sttpton.351 

Ptttenhtifl  zur    I'.tten    VeiWHIIIIllllllg  deutscher  Philolo- 

gen,  feo.,  1907,  363 

Field's  (M.)  Wild  Honey  from  Various  Thyme,  414 
1'iiullater'n  (Mi  and  J.)  Orossriggs,  BOO 
Piaher'i  (II.  A.  L )  Botwparttem.  '-'7!' 
Fisher's  (.1.)  The  LiveB  of  the  British  Saints,  Vol.  L,  851 
Fletcher's  (J.  S.)  The  Ivory  God.  and  other  Stories,  39  ; 
Mothers  in  [artel,  349  j  A  Hook  about  Yorkshire,  789 
For   vlv  Name's  Sake,  tr.  Leggatt,  I'M 
Forb.-s's  (Hon.  Mrs.  W.  K.  D.)  Leroux,  473 
Ford's  (S.)  Shorty  McCabe,  187 
Forrester's  (11.)  Rupert  Brett,  53S 
Forster's  (R.  H.)  A  Jacobite  Admiral.  168 
Fowler's  (W.  \V.)  Virgil's  Messianic  Eclogue,  66 
Foxcroft's  (H.  C.)  A  Life  of  Bishop  Burnet,  121 
Fragment  of  an  Uncanonieal  Gospel  from  Oxyrhyncbus, 

ed.  Grenfell,  867 
Francke's  (Rev.  A.  H.)  A  History  of  Western  Tibet,  415 
Frazer's  (J.  G.)  Adonis,  Attis,  Osiris,  Second  Edition, 

12,  1!) 
Futrelle's  (J.)  The  Chase  of  the  Golden  Plate,  693 
G.  B.  S.  Calendar,  The,  selected  by  Nixon,  193 
Gallon's  (Tom)  Tinman,  47G 
Gardenhire's  (S.  M.)  Purple  and  Homespun,  758 
Gascoigne's  (G.)  The  Posies,  ed.  Cunliffe,  98 
Gaskell's  (Lady  C.  M.)  Prose  Idyls  of  the  West  Riding,  39 
Gautier,  Theopbile.  Stories  by,  tr.  Hearn,  695 
Gawain,  Sir,  and  the  Lady  of  Lys,  tr.  Weston,  12 
Gerard's  (D.)  Restitution,  757 
Gerard's  (M.)  A  Gentleman  of  London,  693 
Ghamat's  (K.  E.)  My  Friend  the  Barrister,  474 
Gibbs's   (P.)   The   Romance  of  George   Villiers,  First 

Duke  of  Buckingham,  595 
Gibson's  (M.  D.)  Forty-One  Facsimiles  of  Dated  Chris- 
tian Arabic  Manuscripts.  288 
Gilbert  riermer,  Introduction  by  Masefield,  445 
Gilcbrist's  (R.  M.)  The  Gentle  Thespians,  350 
Gissing's  (A.)  Second  Selves,  97 
Glasgow's  (E.)  The  Ancient  Law,  380 
Godfrey-Faussett's  (M.)  The  Dual  Heritage,  784 
Godfrey's  (E.)  English  Children  in  the  Olden  Time,  470 
Goethe,  Life  of,  by  Diintzer,  tr.  Lyster,  449 
Goethe's  (J.  W.  von)  Poetry  and  Truth  from  my  own 

Life,  tr.  Smith,  761 
Goldring's  (M.i  Dean's  Hall,  600 

Gordon's  (A.  R.)  The  Early  Traditions  of  Genesis,  188 
Gordon's  (S.)  The  New  Galatea,  474 
Gore's  (C.)  The  New  Theology  and  the  Old  Religion,  183 
Gorst's  (Sir  J.)  New  Zealand  Revisited  :  Recollections 

of  the  Days  of  my  Youth,  226 
Gottschalk's  (Mr.  P.)  Catalogue  of  Books,  353 
Graham's  (F.)  Kathleen,  506 

Graham's  (Mrs.  H.)  The  Disinherited  of  the  Earth,  538 
Graham's  (H.  G.)  Literary  and  Historical  Essays,  567 
Grand's  (S.)  Emotional  Moments,  508 
Grant,  Lincoln,  and  the  Freedmen,  by  Eaton,  226 
Grant's  (C.)  The  Small  Holdings  and  Allotments  Hand- 
book, 255 
Grant's  (Mrs.  C.)  Quaker  and  Courtier,  477 
Graves's  (C.  L.)  Humours  of  the  Fray,  157 
Greek    Versions    of   the    Testaments    of   the    Twelve 

Patriarchs,  ed.  Charles,  533 
Grey,  Lady  Jane,  and  her  Times,  by  Taylor,  409 
Greyfriar,  The,  13 

Gribble'8  (F.)  George  Sand  and  her  Lovers,  126 
Griffith's  (G.)  John  Brown,  Buccaneer,  318 
Griffiths's  (Major  A.)  Thrice  Captive,  569 
Grimshaw's  (B.)  In  the  Strange  South  Seas,  38 
Grove's  (Lady)  The  Social  Fetich,  72 
Guide  to  Greece,  Constantinople,  &c,  570 
Gunter's  (A.  C.)  Dr.  Burton's  Success,  98 
Guyot's  (J.)  Le  Poete  J.  Fr.  Regnard  en  son  Chasteau 

de  Grillon,  697 
Guyot's  (Y.)  Histoire  des  Rapports  economiques  de  la 

France  et  de  l'Angleterre,  761 
Gwynn's  (S.)  The  Glade  in  the  Forest,  40 
Haile's  (M.)  James  Francis  Edward,  the  Old  Chevalier, 

65 
Hainsselin's  (M.  T.)  The  Isle  of  Maids,  473 
Hall's  (K.  M.)  Nature  Rambles  in  London,  759 
Hamilton's  (C.)  Keepers  of  the  House,  693 
Hamilton's  (Col.  R.)  The  Second  Answer,  693 
Hanauer's  (J.   E.)   Folk-lore    of   the   Holy   Land,  ed. 

Pickthall,  217,  258 
Hannay's  (R.    K.)  The  Archbishops  of  St.    Andrews, 

Vol.  L,  538 
Harper's  (C.  G.)  The  Manchester  and  Glasgow  Roads, 

255 ;  The  North  Devon  Coast,  446 
Harris's  (M.  C.)  The  Tents  of  Wickedness,  284 
Harrison's  (F.)  My   Alpine   Jubilee,    1851-1907,    449; 

National  and  Social  Problems,  601 
Hartog's  (P.  J.)  The  Writing  of  English,  67 
Harvey's  (E.)  The  Agricultural  Holdings  Act,  1906,  255 
Hawtrey's  (V.)  Rodwell,  283 
Hazlitt's  (W.  C.)  Roll  of  Honour,  352 
Headlam's  (W.)  A  Book  of  Greek  Verse,  7 
Heilborn's  (E.)  Josua  Kersten,  569 
Henderson's  (Col.  D.)  The  Art  of  Reconnaissance,  223 
Henderson's  (M.  S.)  George  Meredith,  227 


Sanson's  (Canon  II.  11.)  The  National  Chunk 

Herbert,  Jean  Frederic,  by  Compefre,  tr.  Pindley,  .r.71 
Herkless's  (J.)  The  Archbishops  of  Bt.  Andrews,  Vol.  I., 
588 

Herring's  (P.)  Dragon's  Bilk,  724 

llewison  s  lJ.  K  )  The  Covenanters,  i 

Hewlett's  (M.)  The  Spanish  Ja.le,  257,  633 

Hevwood's  (N.  A.)  Oddities  of  the  Law,  509 

Hickey's  (E.)  Lois,  637 

Highroads  of  History,  Books  I. -VI. ,571 

Hill's  (J.)  The  Book  Makers  of  Old  Birmingham,  787 

Ilinke's  (W.  J.)  A  New  Boundary  Stone  of  Nebuchad- 
nezzar I.  from  Nippur,  725 

llinkson's  (H.  A.)  Father  Alphonsus,  222 

Hislam's  (P.  A.)  The  Admiralty  of  the  Atlantic   378 

Histoire  Sociahste  (1789-1900),  Vol.  XL,  ed.  Bourgeois, 
223 

Historians'  History  of  the  World,  ed.  Williams 
Vols.  I.-XII.,  281 

History  of  the  Incas,  by  P.  S.  de  G&mboa  ;  and  The 
Execution  of  the  Inca  Tupac  Amaru,  by  Capt.  B.  de 
Ocampo,  tr.  and  ed.  Sir  C.  Markham,  123 

History  of  the  War  in  South  Africa,  Vol.  III.,  694 

Hodder's  (R.)  The  Armada  Gold,  222 

Hodgetts's  (E.  A.  B.)  The  Court  of  Russia  in  the  Nine- 
teenth Century,  668 

Hodgson's  (W.  H.)  The  House  on  the  Borderland,  600 

Hoffmann,  E.  T.  W.,  Stories  by,  695 

Holding's  (T.  H.)  The  Camper's  Handbook,  446 

Hole's  (W.  G.)  New  Poems,  Book  I.,  413 

Holland's  (Clive)  Old  and  New  Japan,  635 

Hood,  Thomas  :  his  Life  and  Times,  by  Jerrold,  441 

Hope's  (A.  R.)  Dramas  in  Duodecimo,  40 

Hope's  (G.)  The  Honour  of  "  X.,"  757 

Hope's  (J.  F.)  A  History  of  the  1900  Parliament,  191 

Hopkins,  Ellice  :  a  Memoir,  by  Barrett,  287 

Housman's  (L.)  Stories  from  the  Arabian  Nights,  Draw- 
ings by  Dulac,  158 

Howarth's  (E.  G.)  West  Ham,  10 

Howells's  (W.  D.)  Fennel  and  Rue,  537 

Hubbard  (Mrs.  L.)  jun.'s  A  Woman's  Way  through 
Unknown  Labrador,  758 

Hueffer's  (F.  M.)  The  Fifth  Queen  Crowned,  473 

Hugo's  (Victor)  Selected  Poems,  ed.  Eve,  72 

Hume's  (F.)  The  Sacred  Herb,  98 

Humphreys's  (A.  L.)  Salt  and  Sincerity,  287 

Hundred  Great  Poems,  A,  annotated  by  Cross,  127 

Hunt's  (V.)  White  Rose  of  Weary  Leaf,  317 

Hunter's  (C.  B.)  The  Eloping  Maharani,  254 

Hurst's  (E.  H.)  Mystery  Island,  252 

Hustled  History,  73 

Hutton's  (E.)  Studies  in  the  Lives  of  the  Saints,  351 

Hutton's  (M.  A.)  The  Tain  :  an  Irish  Epic  told  in 
English  Verse,  157 

Hyamson's  (A.  M.)  History  of  the  Jews  in  England,  442 

Illingworth's  (J.  R.)  The  Doctrine  of  the  Trinity,  188 

Inchbold's  (A.  C.)  Lisbon  and  Cintra,  287,  354,  383 

Inglese  imparato  da  Se,  478 

Innocent  the  Great,  by  Pirie-Gordon,  351 

Iota's  The  Magic  of  May,  757 

Itinerary  of  Benjamin  of  Tudela,  Critical  Text,  &c,  by 
Adler,  159 

Itinerary  of  John  Leland  in  or  about  the  }?ears  1535-43. 
Parts  IV.  and  V.,  ed.  Toulmin  Smith,  540 

J.  J.  B.'s  Joseph  Redhorn,  413 

Jacob's  (V.)  The  History  of  Aythan  Waring,  155 

J  a  cobi 's  (M.  P.)  Stories  and  Sketches,  40 

James  Francis  Edward,  the  Old  Chevalier,  by  Haile,  65 

Japanese  Self-Taught  and  Grammar,  478 

J  ebb's  (C.)  A  Star  of  the  Salons:  Julie  de  Lespinasse, 
503 

Jerrold's  (W.)  Highways  and  Byways  in  Kent,  illust. 
Thomson,  34  ;  The  Book  of  Living  Poets,  285 ; 
Thomas  Hood :  his  Life  and  Times,  441 

John's  (G.)  A  Voice  from  China,  785 

Johnson's  (A.  T.)  In  the  Land  of  the  Beautiful  Trout, 
256 

Johnston's  (R.  F.)  From  Pekin  to  Mandalay,  721 

Journal  of  Education,  Vol.  XXIX.,  71 

Karsten's  (R.)  Studies  in  Primitive  Greek  Religion,  73 

Keatinge's  (M.  W.)  Suggestion  in  Education,  70 

Kelly's  Handbook  to  the  Titled,  Landed,  and  Official 
Classes,  128 

Kempson's(F.  C.)  The  Future  Life  and  Modern  Diffi- 
culties, 188 

Kent's  (C.  F.)  Israel's  Laws  and  Legal  Precedents,  188 

Kernahan's  (C.)  The  Red  Peril,  318 

Kidd's  (D.)  Kafir  Socialism  and  the  Dawn  of  Individual- 
ism, 726 

Kipling's  (A.  W.)  The  New  Dominion,  381 

Koebel's  (W.  H.J  The  Anchorage,  187 

Laboulaye's  (K)  Yvon  et  Finette  :  Conte  bleu,  572 

Ladd's  (Dr.  G.  T.)  In  Korea  with  -Marquis  Ito,  635 
Lafage's  (L.J  La  Chevre  de  Pescadoire,  508 

Laidlaw's  (J.)  Studies  in  the  Parables,  and  other  Ser- 
mons, 188 
Landon's  (P.)  Raw  Edges,  695 
Landor's  (A.  H.  S.)  Across  Widest  Africa,  38 
Lang's  (A.)  The  King  over  the  Water,  65 
Lang's  (L.  L.)  The  Imbeciles,  1S7 
Langdon's  (Mrs.  A.  H.)  The  Writing  of  English.  67 
Larymore's  (Mrs.  C.)  A  Resident's  Wife  in  Xigeria,  38 
Latham's  (C.)  In  English  Homes,  Vol.  II.,  446 
LathburV's  (F.)  The  People  Downstairs,  634 
Lathrop  s  (E.)  Sunny  Days  in  Italy,  447 


Laud,  by  Mackintosh, 
Larliee  i  (BL)  Histoire  de  France 
Louis  XIV.  (1648-86),  821 


Vol.  VII.  Part  II.. 


Law,  John,  of  Laurletoa,  by  WiatotvGIynn,  '.«i 
Uwiti  (Rev.  J,  P.)  The  Life  of  our  Lord,  190 
Lawson's  (W.  R.)  John  Bull  and  his  Schools,  70 
Layton's  (Messrs.)  The  Handy  Newspaper  List, 
Leaves  from  a  Life,  2K<J,  324 
Leblanc*    (it.)    The    Seven    of    Hearts,    tr.    A.    T. 

Mattos,  508 
Lee's   (S.)   Four   Quarto  Editions   of  Plays   by  Shake- 
speare, 761 
Lee- Warner's  (Sir  W.)    Memoirs   of  Field-Marshal 

Henry  Wylie  Norman,  7P» 
Leith's  (W.  C)  Apologia  Diffilentis,  282 
Leland,   J.,   Itinerary,   Parts  IV.  and  V.,  ed.  Toulmin 

Smith,  540 
Le  Queux's(\V.)  The-  Pauj.tr  of  Park  Lane,  283 j  The 

Lady  in  the  Car,  634 
Lespinasse,  Julie  de,  by  Jebb,  503 
Letters  of  the  Wordsworth  Family,  ed.  Knight.  629 
Letters  from  an  Egyptian  to  an  English  Politician 

the  Affairs  of  Egypt,  602 
Letters  from  the  Raven,  ed.  Bronner,  573 
Lewis's  (A.  S.)  Forty-One  Facsimiles  of  Dated  Chri- 

Arabic  Manuscripts,  288 
Liberal  Year- Book  for  1908,  13 
Library,  The,  256,  541,  544,  574,  869 
Liege  and  the  Ardennes,  Paintings  by  Forestier,  Te-.t 

by  Omond,  787 
Linguistic   Survey   of  India,    Vol.    IX.    Part  III.,  ed, 

Grierson,  411 
Lister's  (Hon.  R.)  Report  upon  the  French  Coloniee,286 
Literary  Year-Book  for  1908.  41 
Lockwood's  (L.  E.)   Lexicon  to   the   English  Poetical 

Works  of  John  Milton,  255 
Lodge's  Peerage,  Baronetage,  and  Knightage,  ed.  Sir  A. 

Vicars,  128 
London's  (Jack)  Love  of  Life,  and  other  Stories,  448  ; 

Before  Adam,  633 
Longueville,  Madame  de,  and  her  Times,  by  Williams,  250 
Loring's  (A.)  The  Forefront  of  the  Battle,  723 
Low's  (Canon  G.  J.)  A  Parson's  Ponderings,  192 
Lowell's  (A.  L.)  The  Government  of  England,  7 
Lowndes's  (Mrs.  B.)  The  Pulse  of  Life,  318 
Lucas's  (R.)  Colonel  Saunderson,  M.P.,  668 
Lucas's  (St.  J.)  The  Oxford  Book  of  French  Verse,  33 
Lucy's  (H.  W.)  Memories  of  Eight  Parliaments,  285 
Ludwig  the  Second,  King  of  Bavaria,   by  Tschudi.  tr. 

Hearn,  153 
Lyde's  (Prof.  L.)  A  Military  Geography  of  the  Balkan 

Peninsula,  286 
Macartney,  George,  Earl  of,  Life  by  Robbins,  375 
McCarthy's  (J.  H.)  The  Duke's  Motto.  380 
Macaulay,  Lord,  Marginal  Notes,  ed.  Trevelyan,  786 
Macaulay's  (G.  C.)  James  Thomson,  597 
M'Conachie's  (Rev.  W.)  Close  to  Nature's  Heart,  760 
Macgowan's  (Rev.  J.)  Sidelights  on  Chinese  Life,  785 
McKenzie's  (F.  A.)  The  Tragedy  of  Korea,  476 
Mackintosh's  (W.  L.)  Laud,  351 

Maclaren's  (I.)  Graham  of  Claverhouse,  155,  193,  289 
Macleod's  (Fiona)  From  the  Hills  of  Dream,  414 
MacMahon'8  (E.)  The  Heart's  Banishment,  9 
Macnamara's  (R.  S.)  The  Trance,  473 
Macnaughtan's  (S.)  Three  Miss  Graemes,  505 
Macnicol's  (D.  C.)  Master  Robert  Bruce.  Minister  cf 

the  Kirk  of  Edinburgh,  540 
McNulty's  (E.)  Mrs.  Mulligan's  Millions,  350 
Macpherson's  (H.)  A  Century  of  Political  Development, 

352 
Mahan's  (Capt  A.  T.)  From  Sail  to  Steam,  151 ;  Seme 

Neglected  Aspects  of  War,  2S6 
Maitland,  Frederic  William,  by  Smith,  443 
Makower's  (S.  V.)  Perdita  :  a  Romance  in  Biography, 

315 
Mallock's  (W.  H.)  A  Critical  Examination  of  Socialism, 

191 
Malvery's  (O.  C.)  The  Speculator,  98 
Mann's  (Mrs.  M.  E.)  A  Sheaf  of  Corn,  254 
Manor  Court  Rolls  in  Private  Hands,  Part  I.,  ed.  Hardy, 

13 
Mansel-Pleydell's  (K.)  A  Voice  from  Oblivion,  75S 
Manucci's  (N.)  Storia  do  Mogor,  tr.  Irvine,  690 
Manure's  (M.  de)  Histoire  de  la  Republique  1876-9,  dSi 
Marchmont's  (A.  W.)  A  Millionaire  Girl,  476 
Marden's  (P.  S.)  Greece  and  the  .Egean  Islands,  39 
Marginal  Notes  by  Lord  Macaulay.  selected  by  Sir  G.  O. 

Trevelyan,  786 
Margolioutli's  (D.  S.)  Cairo,  Jerusalem,  and  Damascus, 

illus.  Tyrwhitt.  152 
Maria  Carolina,  Queen  of  Naples,  bv  Mrs.  Bearne,  94 
Marriott's  (C.)  The  Kiss  of  Helen,  506 
Marsh's  (R.)  The  Coward  behind  the  Curtain,  634 
Marshall's  (A.)  Many  Junes,  380 
Masefield's  (J.)  An  English  Prose  Miscellany,  284 
Maugham's  (W.  S.)  The  Explorer.  9 
Mayor's  (J.  B.)  Virgil's  Messianic  Eclogue,  68 
Meade's  (L.  T.)  Sarah's  Mother.  350 
Meakin's  (A.  M.  B. )  Woman  in  Transition,  386 
Mellone's  (S.  H.)  Elements  of  Psychology,  127 
Melville's  (L.)  Bath  under  Beau  Xash,  159;  The  Beaux 

of  the  Regency,  630 
Mtinoires  et  Correspondance  de  Louis  Rossel,  573 
Meredith,  Georg> ,  by  Henderson,  227 ;  Aspects  of,  by 
Curie,  449 


SUPPLEMENT  to  the  ATHENAEUM  with  No.  4212,  July  18,  1908] 


January  to  June  1908 


INDEX    OF    CONTENTS 


Merejkowski's  Pliny  the  Younger— Montaigne— Calderon 

— Ibsen,  tr.  Mounsey,  787 
Michaelowitch's  (Grand  Duke  M.)  Never  Say  Die,  665 
Mijatovich's  (C.)  Servia  and  the  Servians,  569 
Millais's    (J.     G.)    Newfoundland    and  its  Untrodden 

Ways,  759 
Milton,  J.,  Lexicon  to  English  Poetical  Works,  by  Lock- 
wood,  255 
Mirrour  of  the  Blessed  Lyf  of  Jesu  Christ,  tr.  Love,  ed. 

Powell,  786 
.Mitchell's  (Very  Rev.  J.)  Significant  Etymology,  -175 
Mitchell's  (G.  W.)  An  Introduction  to  Latin  Prose,  72 
Mitford's  (C.  G.)  The  Paxton  Plot,  283 
Mitra's  (S.  M.)  Indian  Problems,  540 
Moberly's  (L.  G.)  A  Tangled  Web,  222 
Mockler-Perryman's  (Lieut. -Col.)  A  Military  Geography 

of  the  Balkan  Peninsula,  286 
Modernism,  The  Programme  of,  tr.  Lilley,  346 
Moffett's  (Cleveland)  A  King  in  Rags,  253 
Molmenti's  (P.)  Venice,  tr.  Brown,  352 
Montgomery's  (K.  L.)  Colonel  Kate,  222 
Monvel's  (R.  B.  de)  Beau  Brummell  and  his  Times,  535 
.Moore's  (F.)  An  Amateur  Adventuress,  601 
More  Society  Recollections,  by  an  English  Officer,  761 
More's  (Sir  T.)  Utopia,  tr.  Robinson,  ed.  Cotterill,  571 
Morris's   (Rev.  M.  C.  F.)  Nunburnholme :  its  History 

and  Antiquities,  93 
JVIurat's  (Prince)  Lettres  et  Documents  pour  servir  a 

l'Histoire  de  Joachim  Murat,  ed.  Le  Brethon,  761 
Murdoch's  (G.  W.)  Gold  the  God,  &c,  695 
Murdock's  (H.)  Earl  Percy's  Dinner-Table,  416 
Murray's  (G.)  The  Rise  of  the  Greek  Epic,  596 
Naval  Annual,  1908,  ed.  Brassey,  694 
Navarchus's  The  World's  Awakening,  224 
Nelson's  (Messrs.)  Sixpenny  Guides,  759 
New  Editions,  Reprints,  &c,  12,  13,  41,  128,  227,  353, 

381,  382,  417,  446,  447,  449,  476,478,  637,  697,  759, 787 
JNew  Encyclopaedia  of  Social   Reform,    ed.    Bliss  and 

others,  761 
Newnham-Davis's  (Lieut. -Col.)  The  Gourmet's  Guide  to 

Europe,  447 
New  Order,  The,  ed.  Lord  Malmesbury,  508 
Newspaper  Press  Directory,  256 
Newte's  (H.  W.  C)  The  Master  Beast,  1888-2020, 10 
New  Zealand  Official  Year- Book  for  1907,  226,  696 
Nicholson's  (R.  A.)  Literary  History  of  the  Arabs,  248 
Nicoll's  (M.  J.)  Three  Voyages  of  a  Naturalist,  446 
Nobili's  (R.)  A  Modern  Antique,  350 
Noble's  (E.)  The  Grain  Carriers,  187 
Nojine's  (G.)  The  Truth  about  Port  Arthur,  tr.  Capt. 

Lindsay,  508 
Nolhac's  (P.  de)  Petrarque  et  l'Humanisme — Petrarch 

and  the  Ancient  World,  410 
Norman,  Field-Marshal  Sir  Henry  Wylie,  Memoirs  of, 

by  Lee-Warner,  719 
Norris's  (W.  E.)  Pauline,  784 
Noyes's  (A.)  Forty  Singing  Seamen,  and  other  Poems, 

156 
Oakstone's  (A.)  A  Knight-Errant  in  Turkey,  569 
O'Connor's  (T.   P.)    Sir  Henry   Campbell- Bannerman, 

602 
Oesterley's  (Rev.  W.  O.  E.)  Religion  and  Worship  of  the 

Synagogue,  319 ;  Evolution  of  the  Messianic  Idea,  662 
Ogilvie's  (W.  H.)  My  Life  in  the  Open,  447 
Old  Testament  and  Semitic  Studies,  ed.  Harper,  Brown, 

and  Moore,  504 
•Onions's  (O.)  Pedlar's  Pack,  695 
Oppenheim's  (E.  P.)  The  Missioner,  601 
Orczy's  (Baroness)  Beau  Brocade,  187 
Original  Chronicle  of  Andrew  of  Wyntoun,  ed.  Amours, 

539 
Orr's  (Mrs.  S.)  Life  and   Letters  of  Robert  Browning, 

revised  by  Kenyon,  669 
Osmaston's  (F.  P.  B.)  Poems  and  Lyrics,  414 
Oxford  Higher  French  Series,  71 
Oxyrhynchus   Papyri,  The,  Part  V.,  ed.  Grenfell  and 

Hunt,  35 
Page's  (G.)  The  Edge  o'  Beyond,  757 
Paget's  ( Mrs.  G.)  Going  through  the  Mill,  351 
Paillares's  LTmbroglio  macedonien,  570 
Palmer's  (W.  S.)  The  Church  and  Modern  Man,  346 
Pappadopoulos's  (J.  B.)  Theodore  II.  Lascaris,  Empereur 

de  Nicee,  783 
Parrish's  (R.)  Prisoners  of  Chance,  724 
Pascal's  Pensees,  Maximes  et  Reflexions,  ed. Baker,  572 
Pascoe's  (C.  E.)  No.  10,  Downing  Street,  Whitehall,  662 
Patrick's  (D.)  The  Statutes  of  the  Scottish  Church,  5,  45 
Paul,  by  Wrede,  tr.  Summis,  189 
Pease,   Edward,  the  Father  of  English  Railways,  The 

Diaries  of,  ed.  Sir  A.  E.  Pease,  154 
Pease's  (H.)  The  Burning  Cresset,  473 
Peile's  (J.  H.  F.)  The  Reproach  of  the  Gospel,  665 
Pell,  Albert,  The  Reminiscences  of,  ed.  Mackay,  192 
Pellissier's  (C.)  Anthologie  des  Foc-tes  franrais  du  XIX. 

Siecle,  285 
Pemberton's  (Max)  Wheels  of  Anarchy,  413 
Petrarch  and  the  Ancient  World,  by  N»lhac,  410 
Philips'  ABC  Pocket  Atlas-Guide  to  London,  446,  512 
Phillips's  (8.)  New  Poems,  156 
Phillpotts's  (Eden)  The  Mother,  221 ;  The  Human  Boy 

Again,  353 ;  The  Statue,  470 
Pinkerton's  (R.  H.)  The  Elements  of  the  Geometry  of 

the  Conic,  72 
Pirie-Gordon's  (C.  H.  C.)  Innocent  the  Great,  351 
Pitfield's  (A.)  Princess  of  the  Sandhills,  283 


Pognon's  (H.)  Inscriptions  semitiques  de  la  Syrie,  &c, 

Part  I.,  319 
Pollitt's  (M.)  A  Noble  Vagabond,  694 
Pontifical  Services,  Vol.    III.,   Descriptive    Notes    by 

Eeles,  100 
Portman's  (L.)  The  Progress  of  Hugh  Rendal,  9 
Post  Office  London  Directory,  1908,  100 
Potts's  (H.)  His  Final  Flutter,  476 
Powell's  (Rev.  A.  H.)  The  Ancient  Borough  of  Bridg- 
water— Bridgwater  in  the  Later  Days,  471 
Praed's  (Mrs.  C.)  Stubble  before  the  Wind,  254;    By 

their  Fruits,  474 
Pratt's  (E.  A.)  The  Licensed  Trade,  10,  43 
Prelooker's  (J.)  Heroes  and  Heroines  of  Russia,  227 
Prevost's.  (M.)  Lettres  a  Francoise  mariee,  256 
Price,  Henry  Pringle,  The  Excursions  of,  320 
Price's  (E.  C.)  A  Princess  of  the  Old  World,  508 
Printer's  Pie,  1908,  603 
Pugh's  (E.)  The  Enchantress,  634 
Pulcheria,  Empress,  Life  and  Times,  by  Teetgen,  786 
Qui  Etes-Vous  ?  382 

Rabelais,  Francois,  by  Tilley,  ed.  Jessup,  125 
Raine's  (A.)  Neither  Storehouse  nor  Barn,  505 
Ralli's  (C.)  Julian  Steele,  634 
Ramsay's  (R.)  The  Key  of  the  Door,  784 
Ramsay's  (W.  M.)  The  Cities  of  St.  Paul,  667 
Randall's  (F.  J. )  Love  and  the  Ironmonger,  156 
Read's  (D.  H.  M.)  Highways  and  Byways  in  Hampshire, 

566 
Record  of  an  Aeronaut :  being  the  life  of  J.  M.  Bacon, 

by  his  Daughter,  727 
Record  of  the  Celebration  of  the  Quatercentenary  of  the 

University  of  Aberdeen,  ed.  Anderson,  540 
Records  of  the  Sheriff  Court  of  Aberdeenshire,  Vol.  III., 

ed.  Littlejohn,  539 
Redlich's  (J.)  The  Procedure  of  the  House  of  Commons, 

tr.  Steinthal,  122 
Rees's  (J.  D.)  The  Real  India,  415,  483 
Regnard,  J.  F.,  le  Poete,  by  Guyot,  697 
Remington's  (J.  S.)  The  Education  of  To-morrow,  70 
Review  of  Historical   Publications  relating  to  Canada, 

Vol.  XII.,  ed.  Wrong  and  Langton,  573 
Reynolds's  (Mrs.  F.)  St.  David  of  the  Dust,  317 
Rhodes's  (K.)  Sweet  Life,  252 

Richardson's  (Mrs.  A.)  Women  of  the  Church  of  Eng- 
land, 351 
Richardson's  (F.)  The  Worst  Man  in  the  World,  318 
Ridding,  George,  Schoolmaster  and    Bishop,   by  Lady 

L.  Ridding,  565 
Rippmami's  (W.)  Specimens  of  English,  Spoken,  Read, 

and  Recited,  571 
Rita's  The  Millionaire  Girl,  &c,  449 
Rives's  (H.  E.)  The  Castaway,  381 
Robbins's  (H.  H.)  Our  First  Ambassador  to  China.  375 
Roberts's  (M.)  Capt.  Spink,  and  other  Sea  Comedies,  254 
Robins's  (E.)  Come  and  Find  Me,  412 
Rodd's  (R.)  The  Hand  on  the  Strings,  476 
Romilly's  (Lady  A.)  The  Coming  Dawn,  kc,  414 
Rooper,  Thomas  Godolphin,  Selected  Writings  of,  ed. 

Tatton,  71 
Rosenkrantz's  (Baron  P.)  The  Magistrate's  Own  Case, 

155 
Rossel,  Louis,  Memoires  et  Correspondance  de,  573 
Rouire's  (Dr.)  La  Rivalite  anglo-russe  au  XIX.  Siecle 

en  Asie,  321 
Rowley  Letters  from  France  and  Italy,  37 
Royal  Treasury  of  Story  and  Song,  571 
Royce's  (J.)  The  Philosophy  of  Royalty,  756 
Runciman's  (Sir  W.)  Looking  Seaward  Again,  254 
Russell's  (C.  H.  St.  S.)  Elegeia:    Passages  from  Latin 

Elegiac  Verse,  72 
Russian  and  Bulgarian  Folk-lore  Stories,  tr.  Strickland, 

73 
Russo-Japanese  War:  The  Truth  about  Port  Arthur, 

by  Nojine,  508 
Sabatini's  (R.)  The  Shame  of  Motley,  724 
Sachau's    (Dr.)    Archiv    fiir    das    Studium    deutscher 

Kolonialsprachen,  Vol.  VI.,  256 
St.  Barbe's  (R.)  The  Golden  Fleece,  98 
St.  Francis  of  Assisi,  The  Writings  of,  by  Countess  de 

la  Warr,  728 ;  The  Lives  of,  by  Brother  Thomas,  tr. 

Howell,  786 
St.  Paul's  Epistles  to  the  Thessalonians,  ed.  Milligan,  314 
Sand,  George,  and  her  Lovers,  by  Gribble,  126 
Sand's  (G.)  Les  Maitres  Sonneurs,  71 
Sargent's    (A.    J.)     Anglo  -  Chinese     Commerce    and 

Diplomacy,  785 
Sarmento's  (General  J.  E.   de  M.)   The  Anglo-Portu- 
guese Alliance  and  Coast  Defence,  tr.  Capt.  Custance, 

224 
Saunderson,  Colonel,  M.P.,  by  Lucas,  668 
Schmid's  (C.  von)  Easter  Eggs,  449 
Schrenck's    (K.    von)    Jesus    and    His    Teaching,    tr. 

Warschauer,  190 
Schubert's   (H.   von)    Outlines  of  Church    History,  tr. 

Canney,  667 
Schwann's  (D.)  The  Spirit  of  Parliament.  157 
Scott,  Sir  Walter,  Footsteps  of,  by  Crockett,  511,  603, 

638 
Scott's  (E.  F.)  The  Apologetic  of  the  New  Testament, 

190 
Scott's  (J.  R.)  Beatrix  of  Clare,  318 
Scott's  (R.  P.)  The  Call  of  the  Homeland,  266 
Scullard's  (H.  H.)  Early  Christian  Ethics  in  the  West, 

from  Clement  to  Ambrose,  185 


Sculptures  and  Inscriptions  of  Darius  the  Great  on  the 
Rock  of  Behistiln  in  Persia,  725 

Searcy's  (A.)  In  Australian  Tropics,  448 

Select  English  Classics,  571 

Shakspeare  :  Sonnets,  and  A  Lover's  Complaint,  Intro- 
duction by  Hadow,  12,  45;  Warwickshire  Contem- 
poraries, by  Stopes,  36,  78,  102,  104;  Merchant  of 
Venice,  ed.  Hudson,  571 ;  Four  Quarto  Editions, 
described  by  S.  Lee,  761 

Shanachie,  The,  ed.  Hone,  227 

Sheehan's  (Canon)  Short  Stories.  254 

Sheehy-Skeffington's  (F.)  Michael  Davitt,  761 

Sherren's  (W.)  The  Insurgent.  506,  546 

Shiel's  (M.  P.)  The  White  Wedding,  97 

Shield's  (A.)  The  King  over  the  Water,  65 

Shillington's  (V.  M.)  The  Commercial  Relations  of 
England  and  Portugal,  509 

Shore's  (W.  T.)  The  Pest.  187 

Short  Studies  in  English  Literature,  571 

Sidgwick's  (Mrs.  A.)  Home  Life  in  Germany,  754 

Sillery's  (Major  C.)  A  Curtain  of  Cloud,  222 

Silver's  (A.  P.)  Farm  -  Cottage,  Camp,  and  Canoe  in 
Maritime  Canada,  758 

Silverston's  (C.  J.)  The  Education  of  Eve,  538 

Sinclair's  (U.)  The  Metropolis,  413 

Simonyi's  (Dr.  S.)  Ungarische  Sprache :  Geschichte 
und  Charakteristik,  253 

Skipton's  (H.  B.  K.)  The  Life  and  Times  of  Nicholas 

Skrine's  (J.  H.)  What  is  Faith?  666 

Smedley's  (C.)  The  Daughter,  445 

Smith's  (A.  L.)  Frederic  William  Maitland.  443 

Smith's  (B.  T.  K.)  How  to  Collect  Postage  Stamps,  73 

Smith's  (G.  A.)  Jerusalem,  631 

Snell's  (F.  J.)  The  Devil  of  Dulverton,  737 

Sneyd-Kynnersley's  (E.  M.)  H.M.I.  :  Passages  in  Life 

of  one  of  H.M.  Inspectors  of  Schools,  723 
Socialism :    The  Socialist  Movement   in    England,  by 
Villiers,    320 ;    The    Case    against    Socialism,    507 ; 
Problems  and  Perils  of  Socialism,  by  Strachey,  695 
Sociological  Papers,  Vol.  III.,  40 
Sorenson's  (E.  S.)  The  Squatter's  Ward,  569 
Spender's  (J.  A.)  Comments  of  Bagshot,  319 
Spenser's  Foure  Hymnes,  ed.  Winstanley,  413 
Spielmann's  (Mrs.  M.  H.)  My  Son  and  1,  665 
Spyridis's  (G.)  Living  Greek  Language  compared  with 

the  Ancient,  570 
Stacpoole's  (H.  de  Vere)  The  Blue  Lagoon,  155;  The 

Cottage  on  the  Fells,  569 
Staley's  (Very  Rev.  V.)  Liturgical  Studies,  728 
Starr's  (F.)  In  Indian  Mexico,  602 
Statesman's  Year-Book,  1908,  ed.  Keltie  and  Renwick, 

669 
Stebbing's  (W.)  The  Poets  :  Geoffrey  Chaucer  to  Alfred 

Tennyson,  1340-1892,  284 
Stephens's  (R.  N.)  Clementina's  Highwayman,  221 
Stevenson's  (J.  G.)  A  Lifted  Veil,  446 
Stewart's  (B.)  The  Land  of  the  Maple  Leaf,  447 
Stirling's  (A.  H.  A.)  A  Sketch  of  Scottish  Industrial  and 

Social  History,  571 
Stopes's  (C.   C.)   British   Freewomen:  their   Historical 
Privilege,  Third  Edition,  12;  Shakespeare's  Warwick- 
shire Contemporaries,  36,  78, 102,  104 
Stiachey's  (St.  L.)  Problems  and  Perils  of  Socialism,  695 
Strain's  (E.  H.)  A  Prophet's  Reward,  538 
Stratton's  (A.  W.)  Letters  from  India,  602 
Straus's  (R.)  The  Little  God's  Drum.  600 
Strindberg's   (A.)    Die    Gotischen   Zimmer  :    Familien- 

schicksale  vom  Jahrhundertende.  tr.  Scheriug,  318 
Strolls  in  Beechy  Bucks,  759 

Suffolk  Records  and  MSS. :  Index,  by  Copinger,  41 
Sutherland's  (W.)  Old-Age  Pensions,  127 
Sweet's  (H.)  The  Sounds  of  English,  476 
Swete's  (H.  B.)  The  Appearances  of  our  Lord  after  the 

Passion,  189 
Swift's  (B.)  The  Death  Man,  252 
Swinburne's  (A.  C.)  The  Duke  of  Gandia.  169 
Swinburne's  (Major  T.  R.)    A  Holiday  in  the  Happy 

Valley  :  with  Pen  and  Pencil,  'M 
Swynnerton's  (Rev.  C.)  Romantic  Tales  from  the  Panjab. 

with  Indian  Nights'  Entertainment,  ti'.t? 
Symons's  (A.)  Cities  of  Italy,  185 
Syrett's  (N.)  Anne  Page,  634 

Tangerine  :  a  Child's  Letters  from  Morocco,  ed.  Walt- 
ham,  39 
Tas80  and  his  Times,  by  Bouiting,  287 
Taylor's  (1.  A.)  Lady  Jane  Grey  and  her  Times,  409 
Teetgen's  (A.  B.)   Life  and  Times  of  the  Empress  Pul- 
cheria, 786 
Tempany's  (G.  H.)  A  Comedy  of  Moods,  381 
Temple,  Sir  William,  upon  the  Gardens  of  Epicurus,  573 
Tennyson,  Evcrsley  Edition,  Vols.  V.  and  VI.,  696 
Testaments  of  the  Twelve  Patriarchs,  tr.  Charles,  533 
Thomas's  (W.  J.)  The  Harp  of  Youth,  571 
Thomson,  James  ('The  Seasons'),  by  G.  C.  Macauluv, 

597 
Thomson's  (W.  11.)  The  Log  of  a  Liner.  166 
Thomson's  (W.    S. )    English    Composition    and    Essay 

Writing,  72 
Thorburn's  (S.  S.)  India's  Saint  and  the  Viceroy,  318 
Thurston's  (E.  T.)  Sally  Bishop,  222 
Thurston's  (K.  C.)  ThoVly  on  the  Wheel.  380 
Tilley's  (A.)  Francois  Rabelais,  ed,  Jeamp,  125 
Townley's  (H.)  The  Splendid  Coward,  688 
Toynbee's  (P.)  In  the  Footprints  of  Dante. 


VI 


THE     ATHEN^UM 


[SUPPLKMliNT  to  the  ATIIhN.l.lM   with  No.  421*.  July  Va.  1908 

January  to  .Jim    190ft 


Tozer's  (!!.)  A  Daughter  of  Belial,  47) 

Tracy's  (L.)  Th«  Wneel  O1  Fortune,  7-4 

Traveller*    Practical  Manual,  478 

Treves  (Sir  F.)  The  Cradle  of  the  Deep,  789 

I to  liudi'a  (CM  Ludwig  tho  8econd,  King  of  Bavaria,  tr. 
II •arn,   L68 

Tucker's  (B.)  Tho  King,  B06 

Tumbler  of  Our  Ladv,  and  other  Miracles,  ed.  Kemp- 
Welch,  601 

Turner's  (F.)  The  Armada  Gold,  229 

Turner's  (G.  F.)  A  Bicycle  Ride,  893 

I  i>per  Norwood  Atheii.cum,  Record  for  1907,  50!) 

Upward's  (A.)  Secrets  of  the  Past,  (596 

I'russov's  (Prince)  Memoirs  of  a  Russian  Governor,  tr. 
Rosenthal,  381 

Vac-hell's  (H.  A.)  Sport  and  Life  on  the  Pacific  Slope, 

687 

Vaizey's  (Mrs.  0.  de  H.)  Flaming  June,  693 

Yullings's  (H.)  The  Lady  Mary  of  Taviitock,  GG4 

V&ughui'l  (0.)  Isle  Raven,  380 

Vickers's  Newspaper  Gazetteer  for  1908,  .'!'_' 1 

Victoria  County  Histories  :  Leicester,  Vol.  I.,  ed.  Page, 

347  ;    Durham,    Vol.    II.,    ed.    Page,    410 ;    Derby, 

Vol.  II.,  ed.  Page,  502 
Victorian  Year- Book  for  1906-7.  226 
Yiebig's  (Clara)  Absolution,  tr.  Raahauge,  665 
Villiers,    George,    First    Duke    of    Buckingham,    The 

Romance  of,  by  Gibbs,  595 
Villiers's  (B.)  The  Socialist  Movement  in  England,  320 
VinogradofFs  (P.)    English    Society    in    the    Eleventh 

Century,  753 
Viollis's  (J.)  Monsieur  le  Principal,  538 
Virgil's   Messianic   Eclogue,    by   Mayor,    Fowler,    and 

Conway,  66 
Visitation  of  England  and  Wales,  ed.  Crisp,  Vol.  XIV., 

478 
Voltaire,  Montesquieu,   and  Rousseau  in  England,  by 

Collins,  471 
Vorst's  (M.  Tan)  The  Sentimental  Adventures  of  Jimmy 

Bulstrode,  473 
Waghorne's  (A.)  Through  a  Peer  Glass,  477,  512 
Waight's  (J.  F.)  King  of  the  Barons,  474 
Walks  in  Middlesex  and  Buckinghamshire,  759 
W alias's  (K.  T.)  The  Call  of  the  Homeland,  285 
Wantage,  Lord  :  a  Memoir,  by  his  Wife,  11 
Warfield's  (B.  B.)  The  Lord  of  Glory,  666 
Warr's  (Countess  de   la)  The  Writings  of  St.  Francis  of 

Assisi,  728 
Washington,  George,  The  Seven  Ages  of,  by  Wister,  73 
Watson's  (A.)  A  Great  Labour  Leader  :  being  a  Life  of 

the  Right  Hon.  Thomas  Burt,  M.P.,  255 
Watson's  (H.  B.  M.)  A  Poppy  Show,  448 
Watt's  (H.)  Myths  about  Monarchs,  99 
Weale's  (B.   L.  P.)  The  Coming  Struggle  in  Eastern 

Webb's  (M.  de  P.)  India  and  the  Empire,  381 
Webb's  (W.  M.)  The  Heritage  of  Dress,  124 
Webster's  (H.)  Primitive  Secret  Societies,  443 
Wells's  (H.  G.)  New  Worlds  for  Old,  320 
Wenckstern's  (Fr.  von)   Bibliography  of  the  Japanese 

Empire,  Vol.  II.,  635 
Wentworth-James's  (G.  de  S.)  The  Wild  Widow,  693 
Wer  ist's  1  289,  546 

West's  (Sir  A.)  One  City  and  Many  Men,  760 
Western  Independent,  its  Centenary,  382 
Westley's  (G.  H.)  Clementina's  Highwayman,  221 
Whetham,  Colonel  Nathaniel,  by  C.  D.  and  W.  C.  D. 

Whetham,  348 
Whishaw's  (F.)  A  New  Cinderella,  98 
Wilde,  Oscar,  The  Works  of,  598,  638 
Willcock's  (J.)  A  Scots  Earl  in  Covenanting  Times,  218, 

289 
Willcocks's  (M.  P.)  A  Man  of  Genius,  784 
Williams's  (H.  N.  A.)  Princess  of  Intrigue  :  Madame  de 

Longueville  and  her  Times,  250 
Williamson's  (C.  N.  and  A.  M.)  Scarlet  Runner,  695 
Willing's  Press  Guide,  1908,  100 
Wilson's  (T.  B.)  Norway  at  Home,  759 
Wilson's  (Miss)  West  Ham,  10 
Wilson's  (T.  W.)  Bess  of  Hardendale,  568 
Winckler's  (H.)  The  History  of  Babylonia  and  Assyria, 

tr.  and  ed.  Craig,  724 
Winstanley's  (L.)  The  Winged  Lion,  664 
Wister's  (O.)  The  Seven  Ages  of  Washington,  73 
Wiston-Glyun's  (A.  W.)  John  Law  of  Lauriston,  96 
Whitaker's  Almanack — Peerage,  &c,  73 
Wolffs  (Right  Hon.  Sir  H.  D.)  Rambling  Recollections, 

123 
Wood's  (H.  F.  W.)  Under  Masks,  254 
Wordsworth,  William,  The  Poems  of,  ed.  Nowell  Smith, 

629 
Wordsworth  Family,  Letters  1787-1855,  ed.  Knight,  629 
Workman's  (F.  B.  and  W.  H.)  Ice-bound  Heights  of  the 

Mustagb.  683 
World,  The.  Almanack  for  1908,  321 
World's  Classics,  The,  227 
W rede's  (Dr.  W.)  Paul,  tr.  Lummis,  189 
Wright's  (J.  and  B.  M.)  Old  English  Grammar,  474 
Wylie's(A.  C.)  Tod  McAlpin,  569 
Wy lie's  (J.)  The  House  of  Lords,  191 
Wvndham's  (H.)  Irene  of  the  Ringlets,  445;  Roses  and 

Rue,  473 
Yeats's  (W.  B.)  Discoveries,  41 
Yolland's  (A.  B.)  A  Dictionary  of  the  Hungarian  and 

English  Languages,  254 


Young'n  (Filson)  The  Lover's  Hour*,  157 
Younghusband'g  (Col.  G.  J.)  Story  of  the  Guides,  727 
Yoxall's(J.   H.)  Chateau  Royal,':.'.; 
Zangwill'g  (L.)  An  Engagement  of  Convenience,  474 

Poatry. 

Magic  Carpet,  The,  by  R.  M.  Watson,  418 
Welsh  Lyric  after  "Ceiriog,"  by  A.  P.  Graves,  697 
Welsh  Milking  Song.  A,  by  A.  P.  Graves, 

Original    Papers. 

./Ethandune  (Edington),  The  Battle  of,  47*,  799 

Assistant  Masters  in  Secondary  Schools,  7."> 

Authorship,  A  Question  of,  452 

Bangkok,  Notes  from,  129 

Bombay  in  the  Days  of  George  IV..  160   67  I 

Book  Sales  of  1907,  14,  41 

Booksellers'  Provident  Institution,  Annual  Meeting,   354 

Burton  (R.),  Hitherto  Unknown  Source  of,  698,  730 

'  Cambridge  Modern  History,'  762 

Cambridge,  Notes  from,  382 

Chapman's  'All  Fooles'  and  J.  P.  Collier,  788 

Chaucer  :"  Tregentil  Chaucer"   and   "A.   Godwhen '' 

258 ;  a  Norfolk  Man,  290,  480 
Chaucer  Seals.  670 

Classical  Teaching,  The  Aim  in,  78,  101 
Coleridge,  A  Forgotten  Early  Prose  Work  of,  541,  575 
Dante  and  Egypt,  257 
Defender  of  the  Faith,  and  so  Forth,  543 
Dene-Holes,  A  Reference  in  Chrestien  de  Troyes  to  the, 

289,  479,  670 
Dickens's  Miscellaneous  Papers,  671 
Dobell,  Sydney,  Life  of,  789 
Douglas  Cause,  The,  43 
Doves  Press.  The,  729 
Edington,  The  Battle  of,  478,  729 
'  Folk-lore  of  the  Holy  Land,'  258 
'  Footsteps  of  Scott,  603,  638 
'«  Forgotten  Poet,  A  '  604 
Gospel,  New  Uncanonical,  161 
Graham  of  Claverhouse,  193,  289 
'  Guide '  to  the  Public  Records,  258 
Head  Masters,  Incorporated  Association  of,  74 
Historical  Manuscripts  Commission :  Recent  Reports,  789 
Horace,  Problems  in,  161 
Indian  Mutiny,  History  of  the,  102 
'  Initia  Patrum,'  605 
Johnson,  Dr. :  Letter  and  Seal,  637 
L.C.C.  Conference  of  Teachers,  77 
Landor  MS.,  Unpublished,  160 
'  Licensed  Trade,  The,'  43 
'  Lisbon  and  Cintra,'  354,  383 
"  London,"  The  Derivation  of,  289,  322,  451 
Mary,  Queen  of  Scots,  An  Italian  Sonnet  on  the  Death 

of,  670 
Milton,  The  Tercentenary  of,  671 
Miltoniana  in  America,  354 
Modern  Language  Association,  76 
Montaigne  and  Burton,  Hitherto  Unknown  Source  of, 

698,  730 
Oxford,  Notes  from,  417,  787 
Paris,  Notes  from,  13,  74,  100,  128,  228,  289,  353,  418, 

450,  541,  603,  637,  762 
Proven<jal  Tongue,  The,  451 
Sales,  129,  196,  510,  575,  730 
Scott,  Sir  Walter,  An  Unpublished  Letter  of,  257 
'  Scots  Earl  in  Covenanting  Times,  A,'  289 
Shakspeare  :  Birthplace  Trust,  43 ;  Warwickshire  Con- 
temporaries, 78,  102,104;  The  Quartos,  544;  About 

my  Lorde's  Impreso,"  604 
Shaw,  Mr.  Bernard,  in  French,  418,  450 
Shelley's   "I  Arise  from   Dreams  of  Thee"  and  Miss 

Sophia  Stacey,  478 
'  Spanish  Jade,  The,'  257,  633 
Terence,  697 

Tolstoy's  Eightieth  Birthday,  418 

Tyburn  Gallows  and  "The  Elms,"  451,  510,  574,670,698 
Veytia's  'Calendarios  Mexicanos,'  193 
Watermarks,  638 
Wilde's  (Oscar)  Letters  on  Prison  Reform,  638 

Obituaries. 
Abbott,  Dr.  E.,  546.  Amicis,  E.  de,  322.  Appleton,  S., 
385.  Atkinson,  R.,  74.  Avenel,  H.,  673.  Bacher, 
Dr.  E.,  104.  Barbusse,  A.,  17.  Boisaier,  M.  L.  G., 
731.  Brewster,  H.(  788.  Brown,  J.  M.,  607.  Biicheler, 
Prof.  F.,  607.  Cameron.  R,  356.  Carnie,  W.,  45. 
Charteris,  Prof.  A.  H.,  545.  Christophe,  J.,  577. 
Coppee,  F.,  671.  Comely,  J.  J.,  17.  David,  P.,  420. 
Derenbourg,  H.,  481.  Dieterich,  A.,  603.  Ebsworth, 
Rev.  J.  W..  731.  Eckardt,  Dr.  J.  von,  131.  Ewald, 
C.,292.  Ewald,  H.  F.,  577.  Fausb611,  Prof.  V.  M., 
731.  Frechette,  Dr.  L.,  700.  Glaser,  Dr.  E.,  641. 
Grierson,  Mrs.  J.  F.,  356.  Griffiths,  Major  A.,  385. 
Halevy,  L.,  603.  Hansen,  Dr.  A.,  196.  Hauvette, 
A.,  162.  Hawker,  Miss  M.  E.,791.  Headlam,  Dr.  W. 
G.,  791.  Howard,  J.,  Jun.,  481.  Hubschmann,  Dr. 
H.,  131.  Kastner,  H.,  131.  Kaufmann,  R.  von, 
356.  KirchhotT,  A.,  292.  Knowles,  Sir  J.,  228. 
Layton,  C.  E.,  607.  Lepage,  A.,  131.  Levysohn,  Dr. 
A.,  512.  Locella,  Prof,  von,  764.  Marwick,  Sir  J., 
385.  Mason,  J.,  45.  Matavulj,  S.,  325.  Nimmo, 
J.  C,  17,  43.  Oppert,  G.,  420.  Ouida  (Mile.  L.  de  la 
Raruee),  128.  Peters,  C,  17.  Puddicombe,  Mrs.  B. 
(Allen  Raine),  791.  Quill.  A.  W..  162.  Rosen,  V.  B., 
162.      Russell,  T.  OIL,  791.      Rylands,    Mrs..    162. 


Sack,  E.,  S78.  Salkeld,  J..  781.  Sanderson,  Key.  K., 
17.  Schonaicli-Carolatb,  Prince  I  I  17  Schwab*, 
Dr.  L.  von,  260.  Scott,  C.  H..  898.  Seymour,  T.  D.r 
104  Sickel,  Prof.  R.  von.  648.  .-latham,  F.  R.f 
322.  8tedman,  E.  C,  104.  Stoerk,  Q.J  I.  104. 
Syme.  D.,  230.  Taylor,  Mrs.  P.  A.,  510.  Thibault, 
Rl.,  607.  Thompson,  W.  M.,  17.  Trubner,  Mrs., 
731.  Wedekind,  D..  784  W.-inscbenk,  < 
White,  R..  292.  Wilson.  Dr.  J.  D.,  I8L  Wilson, 
W.,  40.  Witt,  Madame  de,  607.  Wyse,  Miss  W.  M., 
512.     Zeller,  Prof.  E.,  385. 

Oosslp. 

Parliamentary  Paper*.  17.  40,  81, 104,  131.103,  ]<*5.  230.  260, 
309,334,336,  •"-  .   163,613,  544,(77,  <JOS,  641,67:;. 

700,  731,  764,  791.  /\U>litlt*rt'  Cirmlar  Annual  Summary 
of  Classified  Books— Annual  Meeting  of  the  New  Spalding 
Club,  16.  Annual  Meeting  of  the  Edinburgh  Faculty  of 
Advocates,  Kl.  Number  of  Students  at  the  German 
Universities,  81.  General  Meeting  of  the  Dante  Society 
of  Ireland,  104.  Annual  General  Meeting  of  the  Second- 
hand Booksellers'  Association,  l.'il.  George  Meredith's 
Eightieth  Birthday,  196.  Annual  Meeting  r.f  the  News- 
vendors'  Institution,  230.  Booksellers'  Provident  Institu- 
tion, 292,  673,  7SO.  Scottish  Kecord  Society, 325.  Seventy- 
Fifth  Anniversary  of  Chambers't  Journal,  545.  Sir  J.  Eldon 
Gorst's  Report  on  Egypt  and  the  Sudan,  641.  Biblio- 
theque  Nationale  of  Paris  i  Acquisitions,  673.  Annual 
Festival  of  the  Printers'  Pension  Corporation,  764.  Uni- 
versity of  Paris,  Report  for  1907.  791. 


SCIENCE. 

Reviews. 

Africa,  Map  of,  1 :  250,000,  Sheets  68  and  128.    '  \ 
Allegheny   Observatory   of  the  Western   University   of 

Pennsylvania,  Publications,  165,  676 
American  Ephemeris  and  Nautical  Almanac,  264 
American  Journal  of  Science,  390 
American  Philosophical  Society,  Proceedings,  233 
Anecdota  Carto^raphica  Septentrionalis,  515 
Annalen  der  Physik,  674 

Annuairedu  Bureau  de3  Longitudes  for  1908,  132 
Anthropological  Institute,  Journal,  454 
Arnold's  (E.  C.)  A  Bird  Collector's  Medley,  17 
Astronomi8che  Nachrichten,  423,  515,  580,  794 
Astronomischer  Jahresbericht.  Vol.  IX.,  703 
Astrophysical  Observatory  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution 

at  Washington,  Annals,  643 
Bahr's  (P.  H.)  The  Home-Life  of  some  Marsh-Birds,  326 
Batson's  (Mrs.  S.)  The  Summer  Garden  of  Pleasure,  765 
Bauer's  (Dr.  H.)  A  History  of  Chemistry,  tr.  Stanford.  40 
Bee  People,  The,  231 

Berliner  Astronomischei  Jahrbuch  for  1910,  703 
Borchardt's  (W.  G.)  Elementary  Statics,  389 
Bose's  (J.  C.)  Comparative  Electro-Physiology,  357 
Bower's  (F.  O.)  The  Origin  of  a  Land  Flora.  608 
Brown's  (H.  H.)  By  Meadow.  Grove,  and  Stream,  293 
Butler's  (A.   G.)  Birds   of   Great  Britain  and  Ireland, 

Vol.  I.,  732 
Cain's  (J.  C.)  Chemistry  of  the  Diazo-Compounds,  766 
Cambrian  Natural  Observer,  The,  264 
Cambridge  Philosophical  Society.  Proceedings,  793 
Campbell's  (N.  R.)  Modern  Electrical  Theory,  163 
Casson's  (H.  N.)  The  Romance  of  Steel,  3S7 
Cohen's  (J.  D.)  Organic  Chemistry  for  Advanced  Stu- 
dents, 388 
Companion  to  the  Observatory  for  1908,  132 
Comptes  Rendus,  105,  261,  390,  514, 674,  675 
Confessio  Medici,  293 
Cunningham's  (Lieut. -Col.  D.  D.)  Plagues  and  Pleasure* 

of  Life  in  Bengal,  231 
Darwin's  (Sir  G.  H.)  Scientific  Papers.  Vol.  I.,  386 
E.  V.  B.'s  The  Peacock's  Pleasaunce,  765 
Elkington's  (J.  S.  C.)  Health  in  the  School,  81 
Endecott's  (F.  C.)  A  School  Course  on  Physics,  389 
Farrer's  (R.)  My  Rock-Garden,  197 
Flammarion's  Annuaire  astronomique  et  meteorologique- 

pour  1908,  132 
Fleming's  (Prof.  J.  A.)  The  Principles  of  Electric  Wave 

Telegraphy,  386,  546,  57S,  641 
Folk-lore,  105,  454 

Forel's  (A.)  The  Senses  of  Insects,  tr.  Yearsley,  792 
Gazette  des  Beaux-Arts,  105 

Gomme's  (G.  L.)  Folk-lore  as  an  Historical  Science.  61! 
Gordon's  (S.  P.)  Birds  of  the  Loch  and  Mountain,  326 
Gotch's  (F.)  Two  Oxford  Physiologists,  357 
Harvard  College  Observatory  Circulars,  199.  233 
Hickman's    (A.    L.)    Geographical-Statistic    Universal 

Pocket  Atlas,  578 
Holleman's    (Dr.    A.    F.)    A    Textbook    of    Organic 

Chemistry,  tr.  Walker  and  Mott,  388 
Hutchinson's  (H.  G.)  Nature's  Moods  and  Tenses,  293 
India,   Report  for  1906   of  the   Government  Sanitary 

Commissioner,  703 
International  Geography,  by  Seventy  Authors,  ed.  Mill. 

577 
Jeans's  (J.  H.)   An  Elementary  Treatise  on  Theoretical 

Mechanics,  482 
Kellogg's  (Prof.  V.  L.)  Darwinism  To-day,  388 
Kodaikanal  and  Madras  Observatories,  Report  for  1907, 

680 
Lang's  (W.  H.)  Australia,  641 
L' Anthropologic,  546,  794 
Le   Bon's   (Dr.   G.)  L'Evolution  des  Forces  —  English 

Translation,  701,  766 


SUPPLEMENT  to  the  ATHENAEUM  with  No.  4212,  July  18,  1908] 


January  to  June  1908 


INDEX    OF    CONTENTS 


vir 


Lewis's  (E.  I.)  Inorganic  Chemistry,  46 

Lick  Observatory,  Bulletin,  514 

Lodge's  (Sir  O.)   Modem   Views  of  Electricity,  Third 

Edition,  163 
Loeffler  (F.)  and  Others'  The  Bacteriology  of  Diphtheria, 

ed.  Nuttall  and  Graham-Smith,  421 
Lower,  Richard,  1631-91,  by  Gotch,  357 
Mclntyre's  (M.  A.)  The  Cave  Boy  of  the  Age  of  Stone, 

578 
Maclaurin's  (R.  C.)  The  Theory  of  Light,  Part  I.,  482 
Man,  19,  262,  357,  546,  794 
Mayow,  John,  1643-79,  by  Gotch,  357 
Memorie  della  Societa  degli  Spettroscopisti  Italiani,  132, 

199,  360,  643,  795 
Moore's  (N.)  The  History  of  the  Study  of  Medicine  in 

the  British  Isles,  421 
Murray's  (A.  T.)  The  Law  of  Hospitals,  792 
Nautical  Almanac  for  1911,  360 

Natal  Observatory,  Report  of  the  Government  Astro- 
nomer for  1907,  611 
Oliver's  (T.)  Diseases  of  Occupation,  421 
Pearson's  (R.  H.)  The  Book  of  Garden  Pests,  765 
Pemberton's  (Rev.  J.  H.)  Roses,  765 
Percival's  (A.  S.)  Practical  Integration,  482 
Philosophical  Magazine,  104,  261,  390,  674,  793 
Physikalische  Zeitschrift,  261 
Pike's  (O.  G.)  Adventures  in  Bird-land,  732 
Price's  (T.  S.)  Course  of  Practical  Organic  Chemistry, 46 
Radium,  Le,  514 

Ravenhill's  (A.)  Lessons  in  Practical  Hygiene,  81 
Revue  Generate  des  Sciences,  105,  261/.391,  514,  675,  793 
Revue  Scientifique,  514 

Rich's  (W.  H.)  Feathered  Game  of  New  England,  608 
Rivers's   (W.    H.    R.)    The  Influence  of  Alcohol  and 

other  Drugs  on  Fatigue,  792 
Robinson's  (W.)  The  Garden  Beautiful,  765 
Roscoe's  (H.  E.)  A  Treatise  on  Chemistry,  Vol.  II., 

Fourth  Edition,  766 
Royal  Society,  Proceedings,  261,  674 
Saleeby's  (C.  W.)  The  Conquest  of  Cancer,  231 
Salter's  (M.)  A  New  System  of  Geology,  293 
Schofield's  (A.  T.)  Functional  Nerve  Diseases,  421 
Schorlemmer's  (C.)  A  Treatise  on  Chemistry,  Vol.  II., 

Fourth  Edition,  766 
South 's  (R.)  The  Moths  of  the  British  Isles,  First  Series, 

293 
Stonham's    (C.)    The    Birds    of   the    British    Islands, 

Part  VIII.,  326 
Symons's  Meteorological  Magazine,  132 
Tait's  (P.  G.)  Properties  of  Matter,  Fifth  Edition,  ed. 

Peddie,  163 
Thomas's  (N.  W.)  Bibliography  of  Anthropology  and 

Folk-lore  for  1906,  105 
Thomsen's  (J.)  Thermochemistry,  tr.  Burke,  766 
Tonge's  (J.)  Coal,  231 
Turner's  (E.  L.)  The  Home-Life  of  some  Marsh-Birds, 

326 
Twiss's  (D.  F.)  A  Course  of  Practical  Organic  Chemis- 
try, 46 
Walker's  (C.  E.)  The  Essentials  of  Cytology,  231 
Wallace's  (A.  R.)  Is  Mars  Habitable''  132 
Ward's  (J.  J.)  Some  Nature  Biographies  :  Plant,  Insect, 

Marine,  Mineral,  197 
Waterfield's  (M.)  Flower  Grouping  in  English,  Scotch, 

and  Irish  Gardens,  765 
Webber's  (W.  H.  Y.)  Town  Gas  and  its  Uses,  293 
Westell's  (W.  P.)  The  Story  of  Insect  Life,  197 
Wiles's(J.  P.)  The  World's  Calendar  for  all  Nations  and 

for  all  Time,  608 
Wright's  (M.  O.)  Gray  Lady  and  the  Birds,  327 
Zeuner's  (Dr.  G.)  Technical  Thermodynamics,  tr.  Klein, 

388 

Original  Papers. 

Anthropological  Notes,  19,  105,  261,  357,  454,  546,  794 

Attis  and  Christ.  19 

Electric  Wave  Telegraphy,  546,  578,  641 

'  Evolution  of  Forces,  The,'  766 

Pitt  Rivers  Museum  at  Oxford,  105 

Research  Notes,  104,  261,  390,  514,  674,  734,  793 

Royal  Institution,  734 

Royal  Observatory,  Greenwich,  703,  733 

Royal  Society  Conversazione,  609 

Societies. 

Anthropological I  Inst it "'e— Annual  Meeting,  164;  Dr. 
A.  C.  Haddons  '  Additional  Note  on  New  Guinea 
Games,'  232;  Miss  M.  E.  Durham  on  'Montenegrin 
Manners  and  Customs,'  294;  Elections,  232,  422,  610. 
Also  369 

Aristotelian— Dr.  A.  Caldecott  on  the  'Psychology  of 
the  Emotions,'  198  ;  Dr.  S.  H.  Hodgson  on  '  The 
Idea  of  Totality,'  294  ;  Elections,  294,  734.  Also 
47,  483,  702 

Asiatic  Mr.  E.  II.  C.Walsh  on  'The  Coinage  of  Nepal,' 
106  ;  Dr.  Grierson  on  '  The  Modern  Hindu  Doctrine 
of  Works,'  358 

Astronomical— 81,  858,  51  ■>,  766 

British  Academy — Prof.  P.  Gardner  on  'The  Early 
Coinage  of  Asia,  and  the  General  History  and  Economy 
of  the  Lydian  and  Persian  Kings.'  Dr.  Murray  on 
'Newly  Discovered  Fragments  of  a  MS.  of  Pelagius, ' 
164;  Rev.  Prof.  S.  R.  Driver's  Schweich  Lectures, 
454;  Mr.  A.  Lang  on  'The  Origin  of  Terms  of 
Human  Relationship,'  702 


British  Archa'ological  Association — 107 

British  JVumiwiatic— Elections,   133,   294,  547,    675. 

Also  422 
Challenger — 165,  579 
Entomological— Annual  Meeting,  107;   Elections,  232, 

358,  422,  483.    Also  642,  794 
Faraday— 20,  294,  580,  676,  767 
Oeological— Elections,  20,  106,  232,  293,  358,  391.  482, 

642  ;  Annual  Meeting — Award  of  Medals  and  Funds, 

262.  Also  164,  579,  702,  767 

Hellenic — Mr.  L.  Dyer  on  '  The  Olympian  "Theatron  " 
and  the  Battle  of  Olympia,' 263  ;  Miss  G.  L.  Bell  on 
'The  Early  Christian  Architecture  of  the  Karadagh,' 
359 ;  Prof.  E.  Gardner  on  '  The  Trentham  Statue,'  610 

Historical— Elections,  107,  263,  391,  579,  675 ;  Annual 
Meeting,  263.    Also  794 

Institution  of  Civil  Engineers— -Elections,  107, 198,  328 
483,  515;  Annual  Meeting,  579.  Also  133,  232,  263, 
294  422  456 

Linnean— Elections,  20, 133, 198, 358,  422,  483,  547, 642, 
767 ;  Annual  Meeting,  702.     Also  294 

Mathematical— Elections,  359,  767.  Also  81,  232,  579, 
643 

Meteorological — Annual  Meeting,  107;  Mr.  C.  Browett 
on  '  Snow  Rollers,'  263.    Also  359,  515,  675,  794 

Microscopical — Annual  Meeting,  133.  Also  47,  327, 
422,  579,  702 

Numismatic— Elections,  294,  391,  675.     Also  132,  547 

Philological— -Dr.  W.  A.  Craigie  on  R  Words  in  the 
Oxford  English  Dictionary.  133;  Mr.  T.  C.  Hodg- 
son's '  Gleanings  from  an  Ethnological  Notebook,'  198; 
Dr.  H.  N.  MacCracken  on  '  The  Lydgate  Canon,'  327; 
Dr.  Bradley  on  M  Words  in  the  Oxford  English 
Dictionary,  455 ;  Annual  Meeting,  Dr.  Murray  on  the 
Society's  Oxford  English  Dictionary,  610.    Also  767 

Physical — Elections,  165,  391,  547;   Annual  Meeting, 

263.  Also  328,  483,  643,  735 

Royal  Institution— Elections,  164,  294,  456,  579,  702  ; 
Annual  Meeting,  579 

Royal  Society  of  Literature— Prof.  J.  B.  Mayor  on 
'Tolstoy  as  Shakespearean  Critic,'  106;  Dr.  W.  E.  A. 
Axon  on  the  Authoress  of  '  Christobel,'  262 ;  Prof. 
J.  W.  Mackail  on  Sir  Richard  Fanshawe,  391.  Also 
579,  702 

Society  of  Antiquaries — Mr.  T.  S.  Bush  on  '  Explorations 
at  Lansdown,'  106  ;  Sir  J.  Evans  on  '  Some  Vessels 
formed  of  Steatite  from  Egypt,'  Prof.  O.  Montelius  on 
'  Chronology  of  the  British  Bronze  Age,'  262 ;  Report 
of  the  Red  Hills  Exploration  Committee,  391 ;  Elec- 
tions, 327,  734 ;  Annual  Meeting,  609.  Also  164,  358, 
483,  675 

Society  of  Biblical  A  rchceology— Annual  Meeting,  107  ; 
Mr.  A.  J.  Pilcher  on  '  A  Coin  of  Gaza  and  a  Vision  of 
Ezekiel,'  232 ;  Rev.  F.  A.  Jones  on  '  The  Ancient  Year 
and  the  Sothic  Cycle,'  359.     Also  642 

Society  of  Engineers — Presentation  of  Premiums,  165. 
Also  294  456  579  702 

Zoological— 133,  232,  263, 327,  422,  515,  610,  642,  734 

Obituaries. 
Albrecht,  Prof.  E.,  794.  Allen,  R.  H.,  199.  Anderson, 
Sir  T.  M'Call,  134.  Braunmiiller,  Prof,  von,  359- 
Chamberland,  C.  E.,  580.  Cornil,  A.  V.,  515.  Eliot, 
Sir  J.,  392.  Ellery,  R.  L.  J.,  107.  Esmarch,  Prof, 
von,  263.  Fison,  Rev.  L.,  46.  Hall,  Prof.  Asaph,  47. 
Hasse,  Prof.,  107.  Hoffa,  Prof.  A.,  47.  Howitt,  Dr. 
A.  W.,  357.  Howlett,  Rev.  F.,  165.  Kellerman, 
Prof.  W.  A.,  392.  Koldewey,  C,  676.  Lancaster,  A., 
199.  Lapparent,  A.  de,  580.  Leydig,  Prof.  F.  von, 
548.  Mobius,  Prof.,  580.  Morgan,  Rev.  J.  H.,  233. 
Paroisse,  G.,  794.  Pettigrew,  Dr.  J.  B.,  165.  Regnault, 
F.,  794.  Schmarda,  Prof.  L.,  483.  Schriitter,  Prof. 
L.,  515.  Seeliger,Dr.  O.,  676.  Snellen,  Dr.  H.,  295. 
Sorby,  Dr.  H.  C,  328.  Strachey,  Lieut. -Gen.  Sir  R., 
198.  Thomson,  Capt.,  233.  Wilson,  Dr.  W.  E.,  456. 
Young,  C.  A.,  165,  198 

Gossip. 

Award  of  the  Geological  Society's  Medals  and  Funds,  47. 
Parliamentary  Papers,  82,  1.34,  198,  295,  423,  515,  548,  64,3, 
70.3,  794.  Award  of  the  Gold  Medal  of  the  Royal  Astro- 
nomical Society  to  Sir  D.  Gill,  107.  Institution  of  Civil 
Engineers,  Award  of  Medals  and  Premiums,  5S0.  Award 
of  the  Fotbergillian  Medal  to  Sir  A.  Wright,  611.  Conver- 
sazione of  the  Entomological  Society,  64.3.  Daylight 
Saving  Bill,  676.  Award  of  the  Mackinnon  Studentships, 
794.  

FINE  ARTS. 

Review*. 

Anderson's  (W.  J.)  The  Architecture  of  Greece  and 
Rome,  Second  Edition,  736 

Arnott's  (J.  A.)  The  Petit  Trianon,  Versailles,  Part  II., 
265 

Artists  of  the  Italian  Renaissance,  tr.  Seeley,  516 

Arundel  Club,  Fourth  Portfolio,  1907,  265 

Athens,  The  Annual  of  the  British  School  at,  No.  XII., 
Session  1905-6,  21 

Berenson's  (B.)  North  Italian  Painters  of  the  Renais- 
sance, 167 

Brown's  ((J.  B.)  Rembrandt  :  a  Study  of  his  Life  and 
Work,  200 

Builder,  The,  22 

Burlington  Art  Miniatures,  Third  Series,  186 

Burlington  Magazine,  22,  50,  110,  266,  394,  518,  678, 
798 


Burrows's  (R.  M.)  The  Discoveries  in  Crete,  423 

Bussy's  (D.)  Eugene  Delacroix,  20 

Carpaccio,  Vittorio,  Life  and  Works,  by  Molmenti   andS 

Ludwig,  tr.  Cust,  134 
Cortissoz's  (R.)  Augustus  Saint-Gaudens,  233 
Cram's  (R.  A.)  The  Gothic  Quest,  167 
Cuming's  (E.  D.)  George  Morland  :  his  Life  and  Works, 

295 
Dechelette's  (J.)  Manuel  d'Archeologie  prehistorique, 

celtique  et  gallo-romaine,  Vol.  I.,  735 
Delacroix,  Eugene,  by  Bussy,  20 
Duchesne's    (G.)   La    Place    de   l'Etoile    et   l'Arc    de- 

Triomphe,  736 
Elder-Duncan's  (J.  H.)  The  House  Beautiful  and  Use- 
ful, 265 
Elgood's  (G.  S.)  Italian  Gardens,  768 
Eve's  (G.  W.)  Heraldry  as  Art,  295 
Eyck,  Hubert  and  John  van  :  their  Life  and  Work,  bj 

Weale,  484 
French    Art  from  Watteau    to   Prud'hon,   ed.  Foster, 

Vol.  III.,  165,  235 
Garstang's  (J.)  The  Burial  Customs  of  Ancient  Egypt, 

360 
Gasquet's  (Abbot)  The  Greater  Abbeys  of  England,  767" 
Gilbey's  (Sir  W.)  George  Morland  :  his  Life  and  Works, 

295 
Green's  (E.  T.)  Towers  and  Spires,  233 
Holland's  (C.)  Design  for  Schools,  167 
Huish's  (M.    B.)   The    American    Pilgrim's    Way    iw 

England,  illust.  Chettle,  20 
Index  to  Archaeological  Papers,  1665-1890,  ed.  Gomme, 

200,  235 
Jennings's  (O.)  Early  Woodcut  Initials,  264 
Joly's  (H.  L.)  Legend  in  Japanese  Art,  168 
Law's  (C.  O.)  House  Decoration  and  Repairs,  167 
Lawton's  (F.)  Francois- Auguste  Rodin,  135 
Layard's  (G.  S.)  Suppressed  Plates,  135,  169 
Lehrs's  (M.)  Karl  Stauffer-Bern,  392 
Ludwig's  (G.)  The  Life  and  Works  of  Vittorio  Carpac- 
cio, tr.  Cust,  134 
Mackinder's  (H.J.)  The  Rhine  :  its  Valley  and  History, 

456 
Marriage's  (M.  G.)  Pillow  Lace  :  a  Practical  Handbook, 

199 
Mawson's  (T.  H.)  The  Art  and  Craft  of  Garden  Making, 

Third  Edition,  768 
Medallic  Illustrations  of  the  History  of  Great  Britain 

and  Ireland,  Plates  LXI.— LXX.,  769 
Meredith,   George,  The  Nature  Poems  of,  illust.  Hyde; 

20 
MincofTs  (E.)  Pillow  Lace  :  a  Practical  Handbook,  199 
Morland,    George :    his   Life    and   Work,    by   Sir  W. 

Gilbey  and  E.  D.  Cuming.  295 
Molmenti's    (P.)    The    Life    and    Works   of   Vittoria 

Carpaccio,  tr.  Cust,  134 
Moore's  (N.  H.)  The  Collector's  Manual.  21 
Moss's  (F.)   The  Fourth  Book  of    Pilgrimages  to  Old 

Homes,  457 
Reliquary,  The,  ed.  Rev.  Dr.  Cox,  136 
Rembrandt :  a  Study  of  his  Life  and  Work,  by  Brown, 

200 
Rodin,  Francois-Auguste,  by  Lawton,  135 
Ruskin,  The  Works  of,  ed.  Cook  and  Wedderburn,  423 
Saint-Gaudens,  Auguscus,  by  Cortissoz,  233 
Slade,  The  :    a  Collection  of  Drawings  by  Students  of 

the  London  Slade  School,  264 
Solon's  (M.  L.)  A  History  and  Description  of  Italian 

Majolica,  108 
Spiers's  (R.  P.)  The  Architecture  of  Greece  and  Rome, 

Second  Edition,  736 
Stauffer-Bern,  Karl,  by  Lehrs,  392 
Turner,  Charles,  by  Whitman,  392 
Vasari  on  Technique,  tr.  MacLehose,  ed.  Brown,  265 
Vita  d'Arte,  No.  I.,  50 
Wallis'8  (H.)  Byzantine  Ceramic  Art,  423 
Weale's  (W.  H.  J.)  Hubert  and  John  van  Eyck:  their 

Life  and  Work,  484 
Whitman's  (A.)  Charles  Turner,  392 
Wilson's  (J.)  The  Petit  Trianon,  Versailles,  Part    II. 

265 
Windsor,   painted  by    Henton,    described   by    Holmes- 

423 
Winchester    Charts  of  Italian    Painters :     Schools    of 

Florence,  Umbria,  and  Siena,  516 
Wyllie's  (B.)  Sheffield  Plate,  135 
Year's  Art,  1908,  compiled  by  Carter,  424 

Original  Papers. 

Allied  Artists'  Association,  266,  330 

Athens,  The  British  School  at,  169.  201,  297 

British  Museum  :  Acquisitions.  518 

Bushman  Paintings  at  the  Anthropological  Institute,  703 

Carolan,  the  Irish  Bard,  Portrait  of,  705,  737 

County  Hall,  The.  200 

Ightham,  Kent,  Proposed  Vandalism  at.  613,  677,  798 

Liverpool  Art,  Historical  Exhibition  of.  468 

National  Gallery,  Annual  Report,  486 

Paris,  Notes  from,  49 

'  Pompeii  as  an  Art  City,'  137.  202.  286 

Rome,  The  Aurelian  Wall  at,  48,  137  ;  The  British  School 

at,  168,  296,  486,612;  Seventeenth -Century  MS.  Plan 

of,  202 
Sales,    110,  169,  202,  235,  266.  297.  880,  862,884,895, 

424,  468,  486,  618,  645,  677,  705,  770,  798 


Till 


THE     ATHENAEUM 


(SUPPLEMENT  to  the  ATHlSil'JJ  with  Ho.  sJU,  July  It,  l*& 

January  to  Junk  190s 


Exhibitions. 

Agnew's  (.Meftars.)  (Jalleri.  -, 

Bagutelle,  Portrait*  nt,  7'.'7 

Baillie  Gallery,  234  398 

Carfax  Gallery.  (68,  704.  787 

Connell  k  Sons'  (Messrs.)  Gallery,  960 

Don-  Gallery,  880 

Dublin  Municipal  Gallery  of  Modern  Art. 

Powdeuwell'i  (Messrs.)  Galleries,  517 

"  Kair  Women  "  at  the  New  Gallery,  296,  394 

Fine-Art  Society's  Galleries   393,  517,  704,797 

Franco- British  Exhibition,  French  Pictures  at  the,  736 

French  Gallery,  581 

Goupil  Gallery,  284,  888,  704 

Grafton  Galleries,  457,  704 

Gutekunst's  (Mr.)  Gallery,  362 

Illuminated  Manuscripts,  846 

International  Society  of  Painters,  Sculptors,  and  Gravers, 

BS,  109 
Landscape  Painters'  Exhibition,  21 
Leicester  Gallery,  136,  234,  458,  582,  704 
McLean's  (Mr.)  Gallery,  394,  737 
Modern  Gallery,  424 
Modern  Society  of  Portrait  Painters,  201 
New  Association  of  Artists,  201 
New  English  Art  Club,  676 
New  Gallery,  548 
Obach's  (Messrs.)  Gallery,  797 
Old  Masters  at  the  Academy,  47 
Pastel  Society,  796 
Paterson's  (Mr.)  Gallery,  424,  704 
Pewter  Exhibition,  612 

Photographs  by  the  late  A.  Horsley  Hinton,  517 
Ridley  Art  Club  at  the  New  Gallery,  457 
Royal  Academy,  Summer  Exhibition,  580,  611,  643,  769 
Royal  Hibernian  Academy,  298 
Royal  Society  of  British  Artists,  517 
Royal  Society  of  Painter-Etchers  and  Engravers,  265 
Salons  de  Paris,  795 

Shepherd  Brothers'  (Messrs.)  Gallery,  393 
Society  of  Twelve,  136 
Velasquez,  Copies  of,  136 

Whitechapel  Art  Gallery :  Spring  Exhibition,  361 
Wisselingh's  (Mr.  van)  Galleries,  458,  612 
Women  Artists,  Works  by,  136 

Obituaries. 
Brun,  C,  267.  Busch,  W..  83.  Busson,  C,  459.  Calle- 
bert,  F.,  266.  Callow,  W.,  266.  Dalrymple,  J.  D.  G., 
202,  235.  Evans,  Sir  J..  704.  Fulleylove,  J.,  678. 
Gebhart,  £.,  518,  541.  Grego,  J.,  137.  Groult,  C, 
83.  Hermann-Leon,  C,  22.  Hottenroth,  Prof.  E., 
330.  Janssen,  P.,  267-  Jourdan,  T.,  83.  Karageorge- 
vich,  Prince  B.,  459.  Lambeaux,  J.,  770.  Lessing, 
Prof.  J.,  362.  Ligny,  J.  Le  Pan  de,  425.  Mareee, 
Capt.  W.  von,  330.  Neide,  E.,  614.  Paget,  S.  E.,  169. 
Placecanton,  P.,  425.  Rico,  M.,  519.  Roger-Ballu, 
M.,  646.  Sain,  P.,  330.  Steinheil,  A.  C.  E.,  705. 
Thumann,  P.,  267.  Vidal,  E.,  50.  Werner,  Prof.  F., 
549 

Gossip. 
National  Gallery:  Acquisitions,  22,  110,  297,  330,  424,  770. 
Exhibition  of  Students'  Works  at  the  Metropolitan  School 
of  Art,  Dublin,  22.  National  Gallery  of  Ireland :  Acquisi- 
tions, 50.  Opening  of  the  Dublin  Municipal  Gallery  of 
Modern  Art— Copyright  in  Paintings  in  the  United  States, 
110.  Royal  Academy:  Elections,  137.  Royal  Society  of 
Painter-Etchers  and  Engravers :  Elections,  202.  Dublin 
School  of  Art,  Distribution  of  Prizes,  298.  Scottish 
National  Gallery:  Acquisitions,  330.  Award  of  the 
Lemaire  Prizes  to  M.  Barbeerin,  M.  Bourget,  and  M. 
Lejeune,  362.  Award  of  the  Taylor  Art  Scholarships  and 
Prizes,  394.  Royal  Society  of  British  Artists :  Elections, 
424.  Dublin  Gallery  of  Modern  Art :  Acquisitions,  518. 
Annual  Meet  ing  of  the  National  Art-Collections  Fund,  582. 
Society  of  Twenty-Five  Painters  :  Elections— Award  of  the 
Prix  National  and  the  Bourses  de  Voyage,  798. 


MUSIC. 


Reviews. 

Baughan's  (E.  A.)  Ignaz  Jan  Paderewski,  203 

Beethoven's  Elf  Wiener  Tilnze,  111 

Bennett,  William  Sterndale,  The  Life  of,  by  his  Son,  138 

Bridgetower,  G.  P.,  Musical  Times  on,  583 

Cox's  (H.  B.  and  C.  L.  E.)  Leaves  from  the  Journals  of 

Sir  George  Smart,  138 
Ellis's  (W.  A.)  Life  of  Richard  Wagner,  Vol.  VI.,  614 
Garcia  the  Centenarianand  his  Times,  by  Mackinlay,  459 
Hughes-Hughes's  (A.)  Catalogue  of  Manuscript  Music 

in  the  British  Museum,  298 
International  Musical  Society,  Quarterly  Magazine,  647 
L'Arte  Musicale   in  Italia  (XIV.   Secolo  al  XVIII.), 

Vols.  VI.  and  VII.  Secolo  XVII.,  331 
Mackinlay's   (M.  S.)  Garcia  the   Centenarian  and  his 

Times,  459 
Mozart :  the  Story  of  his  Life  as  Man  and  Artist,  by 

Wilder,  tr.  Liebich,  487 
Musio,  Manuscript,  in  the  British  Museum,  Catalogue, 

by  A.  Hughes-Hughes,  298 
Newman's  (E.)  Hugo  Wolf,  267 
Oldmeadow's  (E.)  Great  Musicians,  395 
Paderewski,  Ignaz  Jan,  by  Baughan,  203 
Paine's  (J.  K.)  The  History  of  Music  to  the  Death  of 

Schubert,  549 
Racster's  (O.)  Chats  on  Violoncellos,  425 
Rolland's  (R.)  Musiciens  d'nujourd'hui,  737 


Huntley's  (Sir  C.)  The  Art  of  Singing,  771 

Schumann,  Robert,  The  Letters  of,  selected  and  edited 

by  Dr.  Storck,  tr.  Bryant,  108 
Smart,  Sir  George,  Leaves  from  the  Journals  of,  by  Cox, 

138 
Tiersot's  (J.)   Les  F<*tea  et  lei  Chant*  de  la   Revolution 

frani-aise,  737 
Wagner,  Richard,  Life  of,  by  Ellis,  Vol.  VI.,  614 
Walker's  (K.)  A  History  of  Music  in  England,  202 
Wallace's  (W.)  The  Threshold  of  Music,  169 
Wilder's  (B.)   Mozart :    the  Story  of  his  Life  as  Man 

and  Artist,  tr.  Liebich,  487 
Wolf,  Hugo,  by  Newman.  267 

Operas,  Concerts,  Ac. 

Alma  Mater  Male  Choir,  Concert,  170 

Bach  Choir :  Concert,  362 ;  '  The  Passion  of  our  Lord, 
'  The  Resurrection,'  64G 

Backhaus's  (Mr.  W.)  Pianoforte  Recital ,  706 

Ballad  Concert,  83 

Bantock's  (Mr.  G.)  '  Omar  Khayyam,'  678 

Beecham's  (Mr.  T.)  Orchestral  Concerts,  267,  425,  519, 
771 

Beel's  (Mr.  S.)  Violin  Recital,  583 

Broadwood  Concerts,  267,  331,  395 

Busoni  (Signor)  and  Serato's  (Signor  A.)  Pianoforte  and 
Violin  Recital,  299 

Covent  Garden — Carl  Rosa  Opera  Company  :  '  Tann- 
hauser,'  * II  Trovatore,'  'Carmen,'  '  Cavalleria  Rusti- 
cana,'  '  Pagliacci,'  Mozart's  '  Marriage  of  Figaro,'  22 ; 
*  The  Merry  Wives  of  Windsor,'  Thomas's '  Esmeralda,' 
50 

Crystal  Palace:  Good  Friday  Concert,  519;  Sullivan's 
'  Golden  Legend,'  799 

Dublin  Philharmonic  Society,  Concert,  138 

Elman's  (Mischa)  Concert,  425 

Eisner's  (Miss  P.)  Chamber- Music  Concerts,  646 

Empire  Concert,  679 

Fagge's  (Mr.  A.)  Concert,  203 

Gipser's  (Fraulein  E.)  Pianoforte  Recital,  50 

Godowskv's  (M.)  Pianoforte  Recitals,  550,  583 

Graingers  (Mr.  P.)  Concert,  771 

Greene's  (Mr.  Plunket)  Vocal  Recital,  459 

Hambourg's  (Mr.  J.)  Violin  Recital,  706 

Hegedii8's  (Herr  F.)  Concert,  395 

Holbrooke's  (Mr.)  Illuminated  Dramatic  Symphony  with 
Choral  Epilogue,  110 

Joachim  in  Memoriam  Concert,  138 

Koenen'8  (Miss  T.)  Vocal  Recital,  646 

Kolner  Manner  Gesang  Verein  Concert,  706 

Kussewitzky's  (M.  S.)  Orchestral  Concert,  678 

Lerner's  (Miss  T.)  Pianoforte  Recital,  614 

Lorraine's  (Miss  A.)  Recital  of  Royal  Compositions,  738 

Menter's  (Madame  S. )  Pianoforte  Recital,  771 

Moszkowski's  (Herr  M.)  Concert,  235 

Paderewski's  (M.)  Pianoforte  Recital,  798 

Philharmonic  Concerts,  138,  298,  425,  646,  706 

Powell's  (Mr.  J.)  Pianoforte  Recital,  583 

Royal  Opera,  Covent  Garden  :  The  '  Ring  '  in  English 
137, 170  ;   '  La  Traviata,'  582,  614 ;    '  Lucia  di  Lam 
mermoor,'  '  Die  Walkure,'  'Gotterdammerung,'  582 
'  Tristan  und   Isolde,'    '  La   Boheme,'  '  Die   Meister 
singer,'   646 ;     '  Aida,'     679 :    '  Madama     Butterfly, 
'The  Flying  Dutchman,'  706;    '  Armide,'  738;  'II 
Barbiere,'  770;    'Pecheurs  de  Perles,'  'Manon   Les- 
caut,'  798 

Saint-Saens's  (Dr.  C.)  Concert,  771 

Sapellnikoffs  (M.  B.)  Pianoforte  Recital,  459 

Sauer's  (M.  E.)  Pianoforte  Recital,  235 

Savoy  Theatre  :  'The  Mikado,'  550 

Smyth's  (Miss  E.)  '  Der  Wald,' 583 ;  'The  Wreckers,' 
706 

Societe  de  Concerts  d'Instruments  Anciens,  395,  425,  459 

Strings  Club  Concert,  395 

Symphony  Concerts,  111,  170,298,  362,  425,  487 

Szigeti's  (M.  J.)  Violin  Recital,  771 

Warwood's  (Miss  M.)  Pianoforte  Recital,  583 

Ysaye  and  Pugno's  (Messrs.)  Recitals,  614,  679 

Zimbalist's  (M.  E.)  Concert,  111 

Obituaries. 

Armes,  Dr.  P.,  203.  Blumenthal,  J.,  647.  Castrone,  S. 
(Marquis  de  la  RajataX  267.  Lucca,  Madame  P.,  299. 
Lucher,  J.,  487-  MacDowell,  E.  A.,  138.  Maquet,  M., 
50.  Novello,  Clara  A.  (Countess  Gigliucci),  362. 
O'Sullivan,  D.,  170.  Slaughter,  W.,  299.  Wilhelmj, 
Prof.,  138. 

Gossip. 

Conference  of  the  Incorporated  Society  of  Musicians  at 
Harrogate— Recital  by  "The  Irish  Quartette"  at.  the 
Leinster  Hall,  Dublin,  23.  Discovery  of  Beethoven 
Documents,  50.  University  of  Dublin  Choral  Society,  425. 
Opening  of  the  New  St.  James's  Hall,  549.  The  Twelfth 
Feia  Ceoil,  706.  Madame  Melba's  Twentieth  Anniversary 
at  Covent  Garden— Report  of  the  Librarian  of  Congress, 
799. 


DRAMA. 

Reviews. 

Barker's  (H.  G.)  A  National  Theatre.  488 

Borsa's  (M.)  The  English  Stage  of  To-day,  tr.  and  ed. 

Brinton,  204 
Brooke's  Romeus  and  Juliet,  ed.  Munro,  488 
Fitzgerald's    (P.)    Shakespearian    Representation  :     its 

Principles  and  Limits,  70S 


Iftllllf'l  (II.  H.)  A    New  Variorum  Edition  of  Shake- 

»peare  :  Antony  and  Cleopatra 
Gosse's  (E.j  Ibsen,  363 

M*l    Pandoeto,     or     Dorastus     and     Fawnis,    «-!. 

Thomas,  616 
Grillparzer,  Franz,  and  the  Austrian  Drama,  by  Pollak, 

170 
Hankin'i  (St.  J.)  Three  Playi  with  Happy  Endings,  172 
Hardy's  (T.)  The  Dynasts,  Part  III.,  KLB 
Ibsen,  Henrik,  Collected  Works  of— Life  of,  by  Goiae, 

868 
Moliere  :  The   Plays   of,  English   rendering  by   Waller, 

84  ;  Life,  by  Rigal,  707 
New  Editions,  Reprints,  &c,  488 
Norwood's  (G.)  The  Riddle  of  the  '  Bacch;*-,'  740 
Pollak's  (G.)  Franz  Grillparzer  and  the  Austrian  Drama, 

170 
Rigal 'b  (E.)  Moli.-re,  707 
Seneca,  The  Tragedies  of,  tr.  Miller,  661 
Shakapeare  :   A  New  Variorum   Edition  :    Antony  and 

Cleopatra,  by  Furness,  299  ;  Old  Spelling  Series,  708 
Sutherland's  (A.  C.)  Dramatic  Elocution  and  Action,  488 
Tudor  Facsimile  Texts.  Vols.  I.- VIII.,  ed.  Farmer,  331, 

364,  584,  772 
Vaughan'8  (C.  E.)  Types  of  Tragic  Drama,  738 
Walkley's  (A.  B.)  Drama  and  Life,  140 

Original  Papers. 
'  Edward  III.,'  On  a  Passage  in,  708 
Kyd's  '  Spanish  Tragedy' :  a  Note,  616 
Shakspeare  :    Stratford  Memorial    Performances,    520, 

661,  584 ;  The  Date  of  '  King  Lear,'  648 
Tudor  Facsimile  Texts,  364 

Theatres. 

Abbey  Theatre,  Dublin— Casey's  'The  Man  who  missed 
the  Tide,'  Council's  'The  Piper,"  236;  Count  Markie- 
vicz's  'Seymour's  Redemption,'  332 ;  Sudermann's 
'Teja,'  tr.  Lady  Gregory,  Fitzmaurice's  'The  Pie- 
dish,"  Yeats's  'The  Golden  Helmet,'  396;  Lady  Gre- 
gory's '  Les  Fourberies  de  Scapin, '  460;  Lady  Gregory's 
'Workhouse  Ward,'  520;  Harding's  'Leaders  of  the 
People,'  Mayne's  '  The  Drone,'  552 

Adelphi—'  Aladdin,'  23  ;  Ade's  *  The  College  Widow, 
519 

Aldwych— Parker's  '  Way  Down  East,'  550 ;  Stayton's 
'  The  Two  Pins,'  739 

Argonauts — Thornton's  '  The  Sensible  Constanza,'  647 

Comedy — Carton's  '  Lady  Barbarity,"  300  ;  Maugham's 
'Mrs.  Dot,' 550 

Court — Gloriel's  '  The  House,'  51 ;  Kendall's  '  Mrs. 
Bill,'  331 

Drury  Lane — 'The  Babes  in  the  Wood,"  23 

Duke  of  York's — Barrie's  '  The  Admirable  Crichton/ 
300 

Garrick — Pemberton  and  Fleming's  '  The  Woman  of 
Kronstadt,'  203;  Pinero's  'The  Gay  Lord  Quex,' 
583  ;  Grundy's  '  A  Pair  of  Spectacles,'  772 

Haymarket  —  Morton's  'Her  Father,"  adapted  from 
Guinon  and  Bouchinet's  '  Son  Pere,'  139 ;  Grundy's 
'  A  Fearful  Joy,'  519;  Shaw's  '  Getting  Married,'  647 ; 
Masefield's  'Nan,'  Paston's  'Feed  the  Brute,'  707; 
Housman's  'The  Chinese  Lantern,'  800 

His  Majesty's — Carr's  '  The  Mystery  of  Edwin  Drood,' 
50  ;  Locke's  '  The  Beloved  Vagabond,"  171 ;  '  The 
Merchant  of  Venice,' 459;  Sardou's  'L'Affaire  des 
Poisons,'  771 

Kinysicay —  Hamilton's  'Diana  of  Dobson's,'  236; 
Parry's  'Charlotte  on  Bigamy,'  Mrs.  Clifford's  'The 
Latch,'  Wharton's  'A  Nocturne,' Anstruther's  'The 
Whirligig.'  679 

Lyceum — 'Robinson  Crusoe,' 23 ;  'Romeo  and  Juliet,' 
'363;  Howard's  'The  Prince  and  the  Beggar-Maid,* 
740 

Lyric— Royle's  'A  White  Man,'  83;  Maugham's  'The 
Explorer,' 799 

N(  "■— Dix  and  Sutherland's  'Matt  of  Merry  mount,' 268 

Playhouse— Esmond's  'The  O'Grindles,'  111;  '  Fido,' 
268;  Mason's  'Marjory  Strode,'  395;  Hamilton's  'Pro 
Tem.,'  583 ;  Drurv  and  Trevor's  '  The  Flag  Lieutenant,' 
799 

Queen's — Hornung's  'Stingaree,'  171 

Itoyalty — Albanesi's  '  Susannah — and  some  Others,' 
139  ; '  Baring's  '  The  Grey  Stocking,'  707 

St.  James's— Pinero's  '  The  Thunderbolt,'  615 

Savoy — Shaw's  '  Arms  and  the  Man. 

Shaftesbury— The  Sicilian  Players,  267  :  The  Grand 
Guignol  Company.  396 ;  French  Plays,  648,  679 

Stage  Socidy — Bennett's  'Cupid  and  Commonsense, 
139;  Garnett's  'The  Breaking- Point,'  487 

Terry's— Widnell's  '  The  Orange  Blossom,'  140;  Ibsen's 
'  Rosmersholm,'  203  ;  Hueffer's  '  The  Lord  of  Latimer 
Street,'  299;  Ward  and  Mayo's  'The  Marriage  of 
William  Ashe,' 550;  Crothers's  'The  Three  of  Us,' 772 
Vaudeville—'  Dear  Old  Charlie,'  adapted  from  the 
French  by  Brookfield,  51 ;  Maugham's  'Jack  Straw,' 
426 

Obituaries. 

Drachmann,  H..  84,  104.  Gott,  E.,  552.  Hanbury, 
Miss  L.  (Mrs.  Herbert  Guedalla),  332.  Hedberg,  F., 
800.     L'  Arronge,  A.,  6S0. 

Goaslp. 

Second  Part  of  'Faust 'at  the  Hamburg  Schauspielhaus, 
520.     National  Theatre  as  a  Memorial  to  Shakspeare,  M8. 


V" 


THE  ATHENAEUM 

Imtrtral  0f  (Snglisb  antr  Jf0mgtt  Iterator*,  ^mnt^  ilj*  jfitt*  ^rts,  iltisir  atttt  tlj*  JBrama* 


No.  4184. 


SATURDAY,  JANUARY  4, 


1908. 


PRICE 
THREEPENCE. 

REGISTERED  AS  A  NEWSPAPER. 


GOVERNMENT  GRANT  TO  DEFRAY  THE 
EXPENSES  OF  SCIENTIFIC  INVESTIGATIONS  -Applica- 
tions for  the  year  1908  must  be  received  at  the  Offices  of  the  Koyal 
Society  Dot  later  than  JANUARY  31  NEXT,  and  must  be  made  npon 
v.rinted  Forms,  to  l>e  obtained  from  the  CLERK  to  THE  GOVERN- 
MENT  GRANT  COMMITTEE,  Royal  Society,  Burlington  House, 
London,  W. 


THE 


(!fobiMtt0it3. 


ROYAL     ACADEMY     OF     ARTS. 
WINTER    EXHIBITION. 
Work  by  Old  Masters  and  Deceased  Masters  of  the  British  School, 
including  Social  Collections  of  Pictures  by  Hogarth  and  the  late 
j.  C.  Hook,  R.A.  _  .   ,  „ ,    „ 

Open  from  9  a.m.  to  6  p.m.  Admission  Is.   Catalogue  6a.   Season 
Ticket  0s. 


EXHIBITION  OF  FURNITURE,  METAL 
WORK,  and  MODELLED  CEILINGS  by  ERNEST  W. 
GIMSON.  DEBENHAM  &  FEEEBODYS  ART  GALLERIES, 
Wigmore  Street  W. 


EARLY  BRITISH  SCHOOL— SHEPHERD'S 
WINTER  EXHIBITION  of  PORTRAITS  and  LANDSCAPES 
by  EARLY  BRITISH  MASTERS  is  NOW  OPEN.-SHEPHERDS 
GALLERY,  27,  King  8treet,  St.  James's. 


TOHN    HOPPNER,    R.A. —Messrs.    P.    &   D. 

*J  COLNAGHI  &  CO.  hope  to  publish  within  the  next  few  months 
the  exhaustive  and  fully  illustrated  Monograph  on  JOHN  HOPPNER, 
R.A.,  which  Messrs.  W.  McKAY  and  W.  ROBERTS  have  had  in 
preiaratiou  for  some  time. 

Messrs.  COLNAGHI  will  be  glad  to  receive  particulars  of  any 
authentic  Family  or  other  Portraits  of  which  they  have  not  already 
had  information.  _  m 

13  and  14,  Pall  Mall  East,  London,  S.W. 


O    P    A    N    I    S    H 

ART 

ri    A    L    L    E    R    Y, 

50,    CONDUIT    STREET,    LONDON,    W. 

ART    DEALERS    AND    IMPORTERS 
OF     ANTIQUITIES     FROM      SPAIN 

Antique  Embroideries,  Brocades, 
Velvets,  Persian  Rugs,  Armour, 
Furniture,  Gothic  Pictures, 
China,      Silver,     Enamels,      &c. 

RARE       MUSEUM       OBJECTS. 


T 


^Irairibent  ^Institutions. 

HE    BOOKSELLERS'    PROVIDENT 

INSTITUTION. 
Founded  1837. 
Patron-HER  MAJESTY  QUEEN  ALEXANDRA. 
Invested  Capital,  30,0001. 
A      UNIQUE      INVESTMENT 
Offered  to  London  Booksellers  and  their  Assistants. 
A  young  man  or  woman  of  twenty-five  c:\n  Invest  the  sum  of  Twenty 
Guineas  (or  its  equivalent  by  instalments1,  and  obtain  the  right  to 
:  i.ri  [cipnte  in  the  following  advantages : — 
FIRST.  Freedom  from  want  in  time  of  Adversity  as  long  as  need 

second.  Permanent  Relief  in  Old  Age. 

"  II II;  D    Medical  Advice  by  eminent  PhvsicianB  and  Surgeons. 

FOURTH.  A  Cottage  in  tin-  Country  lAbbots  Langlcy.  Hertford- 
iihirol  fur  aged  Members,  with  garden  produce,  coal,  and  medical 
attendance  free,  in  addition  to  an  annuity. 

FIFTH.  A  furnished  house  in  the  same  Retreat  at  Abbots  l.angley 
(or  the  use  of  Members  and  their  families  for  holidays  or  during 
i  onvaleseence. 

SIXTH.  A  contribution  towards  Funeral  expenses  when  it  Is  needed. 

SEVENTH.  All  these  are  available  not  for  Members  only,  but  also 
'..i  tln-ir  wives  or  widows  and  vo.ing  children. 

l.n.ll  I'll  The  payment  of  the  mhi-oriptions  confers  an  absolute 
right  to  Uiose  benants  in  all  oases  of  net  d 

For  further  information  applv  to  the  Secretary  Mr.  GEoHiil. 
LARGER.  •.*,  Paternoster  lt..w  E.C 


\T  A  T  I  O  N  A  L      BOOK     TRADE 

1_\  PROVIDENT    SOCIETY. 

President,  A.  M.  S.  METHUEN,  M.A. 

Annual  Subscription SIX  SHILLINGS. 

THIS    SOCIETY    OPERATES    OVER    THE    WHOLE    OF    THE 
UNITED    KINGDOM. 

It  is  a  Friendly  Society,  and  disburses  its  funds  as  such. 

All  persons  between  the  ages  of  17  and  50  employed  in  the  .Book 
Trade  may  become  Members.  . 

A  Contribution  of  Five  Pounds  entitles  the  Donor,  upon  applica- 
tion, to  become  a  Life  Meml>er. 

The  objects  of  the  Society  are  to  provide  temporary  or  permanent 
assistance  to  Members  in  distressed  circumstances,  to  contribute  to 
the  funeral  expenses  of  Members,  and  to  provide  temporary  assistance 
within  a  period  of  one  year  to  the  widows  anil  children,  during 
minority,  of  deceased  MeniberB  fully  qualified  at  their  death. 

Every  one  employed  in  the  Book  Trade  is  invited  to  join. 

Subscriptions  are  due  in  January. 

Write  for  Form  of  Membership  and  full  particulars  to  the  Secretary, 
REGINALD  W.  THORNTON,  Chartered  zVccountaut. 

17,  Philpot  Lane,  London,  B.C.  


(6  durational. 


KING'S      COLLEGE,      LONDON. 
(UNIVERSITY  OF  LONDON.I 
DEPARTMENT  FOR  TRAINING  TEACHERS  FOR  SECONDARY 

SCHOOLS. 
Theory,  Practice,  and  History  of  Education— J,  W.  ADAMSON,  B.A., 

Professor  (Head  of  the  Department). 
Ethics-Rev.  A.  CALDECOTT,  D.I.itt.  D.D    ^otes^oT. 
Psychology-C.  S.  MYERS,  M.A.  M.D.,  Protessor  ;  W.  BRO^  N.  R.A., 

The^Deiurtnient  is  recognized  by  the  Board  of  Education  as  a 
Training  College  for  Secondary  Teachers  under  the  Teachers 
Registration  Regulations.  . 

The  Course,  which  includes  Practical  A\  ork  in  Secondary  Schools, 
extends  over  one  academical  year,  beginning  in  October  or  January. 
It  is  suitable  for  those  who  are  preparing  to  take  the  Teachers 
Diploma,  University  of  London,  ami  for  the  Certificate  of  the 
Teachers'  Training  Syndicate.  University  of  Camhridge. 

The  fee  is  2()l.  for  the  year  if  paid  in  advance,  or  8  guineas  per  Term 
(three  Terms  in  the  year).— Application  should  be  made  to  Prot. 
ADAMSON,  King's  College,  Strand,  W.O. 

KING'S  COLLEGE. 

(UNIVERSITY  OF  LONDON.) 
EVENING    CLASS    DEPARTMENT. 
Courses  are  arranged  for  the  Intermediate  and  Final  Examinations 
for  the  B.  A.  and  B.Sc.  Degrees  of  the  University  of  London. 

Students  taking  the  full  course  pay  composition  fees  and  rank  as 
Internal  Students  of  the  University.  . 

There  are  also  Classes  in  Architectural  and  Engineering  Subjects 
For   full  information  and    Prospectus  apply    to  the   DEAN    (Mr. 
R.   W.    K.   EDWARDS),  or    to    the    SECRETARY,   Kings  College, 
Strand.  London,  W.C. 


BEDFORD       COLLEGE       FOR       WOMEN. 
(UNIVERSITY    OF    LONDON), 
YORK  PLACE.  BAKER  STREET,  LONDON,  W. 
Principal,  Miss  M.  J.  TUKE,  M.A. 
The  LENT  TERM  BEGINS  THURSDAY   January  16. 
Lectures  are    given  in  preparation    for  all  Examinations  of    the 
University  of  London  in  Arts,  Science,  and  Preliminary  Medicine,  for 
the  Teachers'  Diploma  (London),  and   for  the   Teachers    Certificate 
(Cambridge),   and    for    the    Cambridge    Higher    Local   Examination. 
Entrance  Scholarships.    Special  Course  of  Scientific  Instruction  in 
Hygiene  recognized  by  the  Sanitary  Inspectors  Examination  Board. 
Six  Laboratories  are  open  to  Students  for  Practical  AV  ork. 
A  Single  Course  in  any  Subject  may  be  attended. 
Regular  Physical  Instruction  is  given,  free  of  cost,  to  Students  who 
desire  it.  bv  a  fully  qualified  Woman  Teacher. 
Students  can  reside  in  the  College.  . 

Full  particulars  on  application  to  the  Principal. 
DEPARTMENT  FOR  PROFESSIONAL  TRAINING  IN 
TEACHING. 

Head  of  the  Department,  Miss  MARY  MORTON,  M.A. 
Students  are  admitted  to  the  Training  Course  in  OCTOBER  and 
JANUARY.    Entrance  Scholarships.    Applications  should  lie  sent  to 
the  Head  of  the  Department. 

/CRYSTAL    PALACE    COMPANY'S    SCHOOL 

\J  of  PRACTICAL  ENGINEERING.— Principal.  J.  W.  WILSON, 
MICE  M  IMF,  The  FIRST  TERM  of  the  THIRTY-SIXTH 
YEAR  will'  OPEN  on  WEDNESDAY,  January  8  New  Students 
should  attend  at  the  School  on  the  pievious  day  for  Examination 

between  10  a.m.  an.l  1  cm. -Prospectus  forwarded  on  application  to 
THE  REGISTRAR.  School  of  Practical  Engineering,  Crystal  Palace, 
S.E. 


T  IBR\RY  ASSOCIATION.  -CORRESPOND- 

\j  BNCE  CLASSES. -A  SERIES  of  CORRESPONDENCE 
CLASSES,  conducted  by  Mr.  E.  A.  SAVAGE  in  Se,.t,»n  \ . 
(Library  History)  of  the  Examination  Syllabus  will  COM  MEM  Eon 
I  ANUARY  13  i'MM.— Full  particulars  may  be  obtained  on  application 
uV the  undersigned.  ERNEST  A  RARER  MA..  Honorary  Secretary 
of  the  Education  Committee,  84,  W  hltoomb  Street,  London,  W  X. 


M 


RS.      REILLY'S      TRAINING      SCHOOL. 


.  Pitman's  Shorthand,  Type-Writing,  Ranch.  German  and  a  I 
Branches  of  Secretarial  Work  thoroughly  taught.  BXCKLLBN  1 
POSTS  OBTAINED  FOR  PUPILS.  Highest  references.  -  Mrs. 
KATE  REILLY  (Assistant  Secretary,  Library  Association!,  Copying 
Offices,  Whit.omb  House,  Whitcomb  Street,  Pall  Mall  East  (near 
National  Gallery).  ^ 

/CHURCH   EDUCATION   CORPORATION, 

\j  CHERWELL  HALL.  OXFORD. 

Training  College  for  Women  Secondary  Teachers, 

Principal-Miss    CATHERINE   I.    DODD,    M.A.    date    Lecturer  in 

Education  in  the  Manchester  University1. 

Students   are    prepared    for  llio  Oxford,   the  Cambridge,  and   the 

Ixindnn  Teachers  Diploma.    Special  arrangements  mads  for  Students 

to  attend  the  Sohool  of  Geoarnpliy.        „  ,   ,  .     , 

EXHIBITIONS  and  SCHOLARSHIPS  awarded  in  December  and 
July.— Apply  to  the  Principal, 


Xearly  Subscription,  free  by  post,  Inland, 
15s.  3d. ;  Foreign,  18s.  Entered  at  the  New 
York  Post  Office  as  Second  Class  matter. 


THE  DOWNS  SCHOOL,  SEAFORD,  SUSSEX. 
Head  Mistress— Miss  LUCY  ROBINSON,  M.A.  (late  Second  Mis- 
tress St.  Felix  School,  Southwold).  References:  The  Principal  of 
Bedford  College,  London ;  The  Master  of  Peterhouse,  Cambridge. 

EDUCATION. 
Parents  or  Guardians  desiring  accurate  information  relative  to 
the  CHOICE  of  SCHOOLS  for  BOYS  or  GIRLS  or 
TUTORS  in  England  or  Abroad 
are  invited  to  call  upon  or  send  f  ullv  detailed  particulars  to 
MESSRS.  GABBITAS,  THRING  &  CO., 
who  for  more  than  thirty  years  have  been  closely  in  touch  with  the 
leading  Educational  Establishments.  '    . 

Advice,  free  of  charge,  is  given  by  Mr.   THRING,  Nephew  of  the 
late  Head  Master  of  Uppingham,  30,  Sackville  Street,  London,  W. 


Situations  £tarant. 


WOMEN 


BEDFORD        COLLEGE       FOR 
(UNIVERSITY    OF    LONDON), 
YORK   PLACE,    BAKER   STREET,   W. 
The  COUNCIL  are  about  to  appoint  a  LECTURER  in  BOTANY, 
who  will  be  Head  of  the  Department.    The  appointment  is  open  to 
Men  ami  Women  equally,  and  will  take  effect  at  the  beginning  of  the 
Easter  Term.  ,  .  , 

Applications,  with  twenty-five  copies  of  Testimonials,  should  be 
sent  not  later  than  JANUARY  31,  to  the  Secretary,  from  whom 
further  particulars  may  be  obtained. 

ETHEL  T.  McKNIGHT,  Secretary. 

UNIVERSITY  COLLEGE  OF  SOUTH  WALES 
AND  MONMOUTHSHIRE,  CARDIFF. 
COLEG  PRIFATHROFAOL  DEHEUDIR  CYMRU  A 
MYNWY.  CAERDYDD. 
The  COUNCIL  of  the  COLLEGE  invites  applications  for  the  post 
of  ASSISTANT  LECTURER  in  GREEK.  . 

Further  particulars  may  be  obtained  from  the  undersigned,  to 
whom  Applications,  with  Testimonials  (which  need  not  be  printed), 
must  he  sent  on  or  before  FRIDAY,  January  10.  1908. 

J.  AUSTIN  JENKINS,  B.A.,  Registrar. 
December  31, 1907.  

COUNTY  COUNCIL  OF  THE  WEST  RIDING 
OF  YORKSHIRE. 
EDUCATION  DEPARTMENT. 
KNOTTINGLEY    SECONDARY    SCHOOL. 
The  WEST  RIDING  EDUCATION  COMMITTEE  will  require,  in 
,1  4NUARY.  1908.  the  services  of  an  ASSISTANT  MISTRESS  at  the 
KNOTTINGLEY   SECONDARY   SCHOOL  to  teach  FRENCH   and 
HISTORY.    Some  knowledge  of  the  Teaching  of  Needlework  will  be 
an  advantage.    Commencing  Salary  llOi.  per  annum.  .... 

Applications  for  this  post  must  be  made  on  a  Form,  to  he  obtained 
from  the  Education  Department  (Secondary  Branch),  County  Hall, 
Wakefield,  where  they  must  be  returned  not  later  than  9  A.M.  on 
JANUARY  is.  liins. 

Copies  of  not  more  than  three  recent  Testimonials  must  be  sent 
with  the  Application. 
Canvassing  will  be  a  disqualification. 


A  YOUNG  MAN  of  energy  and  some  experience 
WANTED  by  a  LONDON  PUBLISHER  to  TAKE  CHARGE 
of  ADVERTISING  DEPARTMENT.  Must  be  able  to  make  up 
Advertisements— Write,  in  first  instance,  to  Box  1327,  Athenaeum 
Press.  13,  Bream's  Buildings,  Chancery  Lane,  E.C. 


"DEQUIRED,  as  SECRETARY  to  a  Member  of 

JLv  Parliament,  a  GENTLEMAN  of  birth  and  position  (age  not 
above  271  One  who  has  some  knowledge  of  Country  Pursuits  and 
Agricultural  Interests  preferred,  but  this  is  not  essential.— Apply, 
stating  qualifications  fully,  to  Box  132-2.  Athenicuiu  Press,  13,  Bream  s 
Buildings,  Chancery  Lane,  E.C. 


gituations  tiEantctr. 

SECRETARY   (LADY)  requires  RE-ENGAGE- 

(O  MENT  Ten  years'  continuous  experience  in  Philanthropic, 
Social,  and  Educational  Work  under  Committees.  Thoroughly  con- 
versant  In  all  Office  and  Private  Secretarial  duties  Typist;  Modem 
Languages;  BookKcoping.  Would  travel.  Highest  references - 
BOX  1325,  Athena-urn  Press.  13,  Bream's  Buildings,  Chancery  Lane,  EX. 

SECRETARY  DESIRES  TOST  with  Literary 
or  Public  Person,  or  Organization.  Undergraduate  Loudon  and 
Cambridge.  Two  years  Paris  and  Berlin.  Committee  Work,  Busi- 
ness Accounts.  Skilled  .Correspondent. -Box  1394,  Atlieiia-um  Tress, 
IS,  Bream's  Buildings,  Chancery  Lane,  E.C.  


^tiscfUanrous. 

PRIVATE  TOURS  FOR  GENTLEWOMEN.— 
SUNNY  ITALY  FEBRUARY  96,  One  Month.  Rome.  Naples. 
Capri  Sorrento.  Pompeii  Florence.  Venice.  Milan.  (J.noa.  References 
exchanged- Mi-s  BISHOP.  ■27.  St.  Georges  Road,  Kilburn. 

TO  AUTHORS  and  publishers. — INDEXING, 
Technical    Scientific   and   General,   carefully  undertaken   by 

Miss  1AMES  ami  Miss  P.  REALES- Excellent  refer.  noes-Care  of 
Richardson*  CoT.  S,  Suffolk  Street.  Pall  Mall  East.  S.W 

NORTHERN  NEWSPAPER  SYNDICATE, 
Kendal.  SUPPLIES  EDITORS  with  LITERARY  MATTER 
„„1  Invites  Authors  to  submit  MBS,  of  serials  Short  Stories,  Mill 
Articles  Proposals  for  Serial  Use  of  all  hlfh-clats  l  Itsrarj Matter 
receive  careful  and  prompt  consideration.  Telegraphic  Adi 
" Syndicate,  Kendal." 


T  II  i:     AT  II  K\  .K  l'  M 


No.  U84,  .Ian.  L  L908 


AUTHORS'  U86.  READ  and  REPORTED  on. 
RarWoni  l  odertaksn  an. I  Publication  arranged     Tnuul  itloni 
from   Swedish,    N<  Danish      U     KEITH    JOHNSTON, 

Literary  Agent.     Temporal]  ft  ilrtl—      ■ .  Maiden  Ume.  Slum  1    «  I 

CLOSE  TO  NATIONAL  GALLERY.  Small 
hU  ooatainsd  FLAT  TO  LET  to  resnooaibla  Tenant.  At 
uisssnt  nwil  ml  I'  r  rr  Knit  «>J.  u  year.  Electric  Llghl  Expert 
Claries]    Assistance   oould   lie  sui.pll.d      AiWt™   LANDLADY.  Box 

lJ-Ji.  Alh.  n  ■  Mini  l'ns..  IS,  Breams  lluildingt.  Cham-cry  Lane.  B.C. 


(iiiTnntfH  to  |JurrIjasc. 

BOOKSELLING  BU8INES8  WANTED,  NEW 
and  SECOND-HAND.  London  preferred.  Particulars  in  con- 
Bdaoes  U>  A  .  Boa  1383,  Athrn  iMini  Press,  1:1.  Breams  Buildings, 
Chancery  Ljiii.  ,  1 1.0 

ISusintss  for  Disposal. 

SMALL  PUBLISHING  BUSINESS  in  FINE 
BOOKS  FOB  BALI  at  low  Price.  ExoaBant  reasons  for 
disposal.— Write  FORMAT,  .are  of  Reynells  Advertisement  Oflaeg, 
44.  Chancery  Lane.  W.O. 

®lip£-tiotritrrs,  &r. 

TYPE- WRITING.— The  WEST  KENSINGTON 
OFFICES.  Authors  MSB.,  Translations,  4c.  Legal  and  General 
Copying.  Circulars.  fcc  Duplicated.  Usual  terms.  References. 
Established  fourteen  years.- SIKKS  &  S1KES,  22!i,  Hammersmith 
Road,  W.     (Private  Address  :  13,  Wolverton  Gardens,  Hamiuersmith.) 

AUTHORS'  MSS.,  SERMONS,  PLAYS,  and 
all  kinds  of  TYPEWRITING  accurately  executed  at  home 
(Remingtoni,  7d.  i>er  1000.  Carbon  grf.  per  1000.  First -class  references. 
—A.  M.  P.,  15,  Clovelly  Koad,  Hornsey,  N. 


TYPE- WRITER.—  PLAYS  and  MSS.  of  every 
description.     Carbon  and  other  Duplicate  or  Manifold  Copies. 
—Miss  E.  M.  TIGAR,  64,  Maitlaud  Park  Road,  Haverstock  Hill,  N.W. 

Established  1^4. 

AUTHORS'  MSS.  9tZ.  per  1,000  words.— Sermons, 
Plays,  and  all  kinds  of  TYPE-WRITING  carefully  done  at  home 
(Remingtonl.  Good  Paper.  Orders  promptly  executed.  Duplicating 
from  3«.  6d.  per  100.— M.  L.  L.,  18,  Edgeley  Road,  Clapham,  S.W. 

TYPE-WRITING  undertaken  by  highly  educated 
Women  (Classical  Tripos ;  Cambridge  Higher  Local ;  Modern 
Languages).  Research,  Revision.  Translation,  Shorthand.  Dictation 
Room.-THE  CAMBRIDGE  TYPE-WRITING  AGENCY,  10,  Duke 
Street,  Adelphi,  W.C. 

AUTHORS'  MSS. ,  NOVELS,  STORIES,  PLAYS, 
ESSAYS  TYPE-WRITTEN  with  complete  accuracy.  9d.  per 
1,000  words.  Clear  Carbon  Copies  guaranteed.  References  to  well- 
known  Writers.— M.  STUART.  Allendale,  Kymberley  Road,  Harrow. 

TYPEWRITING,  9d.  per  1,000  words.  All 
kinds  of  MSS.,  Stories,  Plaj-s,  Novels,  &c.  accurately  TY'PED. 
Clear  Carbon  Copies.  3d.  per  1,000.  References  to  well-known  Authors. 
Oxford  Higher  Local.— M.  KING,  24,  Forest  Road,  Kew  Gardens,  S.W. 


©alalogms. 


FIRST  EDITIONS  of  MODERN  AUTHORS, 
including  Dickens,  Thackeray,  Lever,  Ainsworth ;  Books  illus- 
trated by  G.  and  R.  Cruikshank,  Phiz.  Rowlandson.  Leech.  &c.  The 
largest  and  choicest  Collection  offered  for  Sale  in  the  World.  CATA- 
LOGUES issued  and  sent  post  free  on  application.  Books  Bought.— 
WALTER  T.  SPENCER,  27.  New  Oxford  Street,  London,  W.C. 

BOOKS.— ALL  OUT-OF-PRINT  and  RARE 
BOOKS  on  any  subject  SUPPLIED.  The  most  expert  Book- 
finder  extant.  Please  Btate  wants  and  ask  for  CATALOGUE.  I  make 
a  special  feature  of  exchanging  any  Saleable  Books  for  others  selected 
from  my  various  Lists.  Special  List  of  2.000  Books  I  particularly  want 
post  free.— EDW.  BAKER'S  Great  Bookshop,  14-10. lohn  Bright  Street, 
Birmingham.  Oscar  Wilde's  Poems,  21s.,  for  10s.  6d.  ;  Ballad  of 
Reading  Gaol,  5s.    Who 's  Who,  2  vols.  1907,  lis.  net,  for  5s. 


M. 


BARNARD,      M.  A. 


(Formerly  Classical  and  Theological  Scholar  of 
Christ's  College,  Cambridge). 

10,  DUDLEY  ROAD  (opposite  the  Opera  House), 
TUNBRIDGE  WELLS. 

CATALOGUE    19,    JUST    ISSUED,    contains:— 

MISCELLANEOUS    BOOKS     including    OCCULT    AND    OLD 
SCIENTIFIC. 

CATALOGUE    18,    can   still   be  had.— Books  on 

KENT,  HISTORICAL  TRACTS.  AMERICANA. 

BOOKS  are  always  acceptable  as  Presents.  For 
the  Best  Books  at  Lowest  Prices  call  at  or  write  to  MUDIE'S 
SELECT  LIBRARY,  Limiikh.  :i0  ;!4.  New  Oxford  Street.  London. 
W.C.  CATALOGUES  of  NEW,  SECOND  -  HAND,  or  REBOUND 
BOOKS  sent  free  to  any  Address. 

A  NCIENT  and  MODERN  COINS.— Collectors 

J\-  and  Antiquarian!  are  invited  to  applr  to  SPINIC  k  SON. 
Limited,  for  Specimen  Copy  (gratis)  of  their  NUMISMATIC  CIRCU- 
LAR. The  finest  Greek,  Roman,  and  English  Coins  on  View  and  for 
Sale  at  Moderate  Prices.— SPINK  4  SON.  Limited,  Experts,  Valuers, 
and  Cataloguers,  Hi.  17,  and  18,  Piccadilly,  London,  W  Established 
upwards  of  a  Century. 

WOODCUTS,  EARLY  BOOKS.  MSS..  4c. 

LEIGHTON'S  ILLUSTRATED  CATALOGUE, 
Containing  1,350  Facsimiles. 
Thick  8vo,  art  cloth,  25s. ;  half-morocco,  30*. 
Part  XIII..    Cal-ehrvs.  with   104   Facsimiles,    St.,    including  Bcr- 
nels     Froissart.  Cambridge   bindings,   Cupgrnve,  1016,  Cnssio,  1477.  and 
a  large  collection  of  Early  Chronicles.  [Ready  early  in  January' 

J    4  J.  LEIGHTON. 
4".  Brewer  Street.  Golden  Square,  London,  W. 


B 


OOK9    AT    ONE-THIRD   COST,— Thousand 

■  i  tii..  ii.st  li-oks  at  ir ■toMn 

Pi  Largest  ai        est  HI  .f  Kr.  ond  hand  an. I  »>•  *  Kein 

Ho.,k»  iii  the  World,     Writs  <■■<  oui   JANDABi    CATALOG 
u    II    SMITH  4. si  i.N.  Library  DeparUm  ut,  IBS,  BtraDd,  London,  W.O. 


CATALOGUE  No.   48.-  Drawings  of  tba  Bui] 
I'.ngllsli  School— Turner's  Ulx-i  siudioruin  an. I  otln-i  Engravings 
after  rTorner— Etchings  by  Tomer,  H.   Palmer.   Whistler— Japanese 

Colour  Print!     Kim  Art    Hooks  — Works  by   Buskin.       Po«t  free.  Six 
peine.— WM.  WARD.  2,  Church  Terrace,  Richmond.  Surrey. 


JUttljors'  ^.gfnta. 

THE  AUTHOR'S  AGENCY.—  Ettebliahed  1S79. 
The  interests  of  Authors  capably  represented.    Agreem 
Publishing  arranged.    M.S.S.  pUoedwtth  Publishers.     Terms  and  Tostl 

monials  on  application  to  Mr.  A.  M.  BUKGHKS.  :n.  Paternoster  Row 


MESSRS.  PUTTICK  &  SIMPSON  will  SELL 
by  AUCTION  at  their  Galleries,  47,  LtJoMtai  Square,  W.C.  on 
WEDNESDAY.  January  16.  and  Following  Day.  at  in  uiiiiutes  past 
)  o'clock  precisely,  valuable  Books,  comprising  the  LIBRARY  of  the 
lateCHARLES  DOUGLAS  HALEORD.  Esq..  removed  from  Prince's 
Gate;  a  LIBRARY  removed  from  Ireland,  and  other  Properties  |bv 
order  of  the  Executors),  including  well-bound  Sets  of  Standard 
Authors,  rare  First  Editions.  Books  with  Coloured  Plates,  Sporting 
Books,  Galleries  and  Works  relating  to  the  Fine  Arts.  Extra-Illus- 
trated Books,  County  Histories  and  Topographical  Works  amongst 
which  will  be  found  Sir  Walter  Scott's  Waverley.  First  Edition,  in  the 
Original  Boards;  Limb's  Rosamund  Gray,  First  Edition;  Mrs. 
Leicester's  8chool ;  Tales  from  Shakespeare;  Elia,  and  others  by 
Charles  Lamb,  all  First  Editions— Egan's  Life  in  London— Wist 
inacotts'  English  Spy.  fine  uncut  copies  of  the  First  Editions— Florio's 
Moutaigue,  First  Edition,  1«(K-Tlie  SECOND  FOLIO  SHAKE- 
SPEARE. Young's  Night  Thoughts,  with  Plates  by  Blake.  Coloured— 
a  fine  Copy  of  the  Laurence  Gallery,  some  Plates  being  in  proof  state 
—Views  of  Vienna,  with  very  fine  Coloured  Plates,  1780— Autograph 
Letters— Engravings— and  many  other  rare  and  interesting  items. 

Miscellaneous  Books. 

MESSRS.  HODGSON  &  CO.  will  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  at  their  Rooms,  115,  Chancery  Lane,  W.C.  on 
TUESDAY',  January  7,  and  Two  Following  Days,  at  1  o'clock. 
MISCELLANEOUS  BOOKS  in  all  Classes  of  Literature,  comprising 
the  First  Edition  of  Laud's  Prayer-Rook,  16:16-7— Dethicke's  Gardener's 
Labyrinth.  1686— -Topographical  and  Antiquarian  Books— Miscellanea 
Genealogica  et  Heraldioa,  12  vol6. — a  Set  of  the  Folk-Lore  Society's 
Publications,  54  vols.— The  Historical  Writings  of  Grote.  Bunsen. 
Freeman,  Crowe,  Pardoe,  Hazlitt,  Helps,  and  others,  chiefly  Library 
Editions— Morris's  British  Birds,  Original  Edition,  5  vols.,  and  other 
Natural  History  Books— Books  on  Angling,  and  Works  illustrated  by 
Bewick,  Cruikshank,  and  Phiz— a  Set  of  the  Naval  Chronicle,  40  vols. 
—Egan's  Anecdotes  of  the  Turf,  and  Life  in  London,  uncut— the 
Edition  de  Luxe  of  Dickens,  SO  vols.— a  complete  Set  of  the  Studio, 
with  the  extra  Numbers,  62  vols. — Vanity  Fair  Album  and  Vanity 
Fair,  69  vols.— Palmer's  Index  to  the  Times,  1874-1906,  138  vols.  Also 
a  COLLECTION  of  WORKS  in  FRENCH  and  GERMAN  LITERA- 
TURE, the  Property  of  a  GENTLEMAN,  comprising  Library  Editions 
of  Goethe,  97  vols,  half  morocco— Voltaire,  70  vols.— Victor  Hugo, 
35  vols.— Francois  Coppee,  10  vols.,  &c. 

To  be  viewed,  and  Catalogues  had. 


M 


Curiosities. 
R.  J.  C.  STEVENS'  NEXT  SALE  will  take 

place  on  TUESDAY'.  January  7,  at  half-past  twelve  o'clock, 
and  will  include  ORIENTAL  WEAPONS— Buddhist  Stone  Carvings 
—Pacific  Island  Curios— Antique  and  other  Furniture— Chinese. 
Japanese,  and  other  Porcelain  Vases,  &c,  and  the  usual  Miscellaneous 
Assortment. 

On  view  day  prior  10  to  6  and  morning  of  Sale.  Catalogues  on 
application  to  the  AUCTIONEER,  38,  King  Street,  Covent  Garden, 
London.  W.C 

Sales  of  Miscellaneous  Property. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  begs  to  announce  that 
SALES  are  held  EVERY  FRIDAY,  at  his  Rooms,  S3.  King 
Street,  Covent  Garden,  London,  W.C,  for  the  disposal  of  MICRO- 
SCOPES. SLIDES,  and  OBJECTIVES  — Telescopes-Theodolites— 
Levels — Electrical  and  Scientific  Instruments — Cameras,  Lenses,  and 
all  kinds  of  Photographic  Apparatus— Optical  Lanterns,  with  Slides 
and  all  Accessories  in  great  variety  by  Best  Makers— Household 
Furniture— Jewellery— and  other  Miscellaneous  Property. 
On  view  Thursday  2  to  5  and  morning  of  Sale. 

3,  PARK  PLACE,  LEEDS. 
Re     F.      DYKES,     deceased. 

MESSRS.  HOLLIS  &  WEBB,  instructed  by 
the  Executors,  will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  Rooms,  as 
above,  on  JANUARY  22.  2.1.  and  24,  the  remarkably  fine  LIBRARY" 
of  BOOKS,  including  Volumes  of  the  Kelmscott  Press,  including 
Chaucer,  First  English  Translations  of  Boccaccio,  Montaigne's  Essays, 
and  Cervantes'  Don  Quixote— Best  Editions  of  the  Dramatists- 
Tudor  Translations  —  Villon  Society  —  Fine-Art  Books  —  Limited 
Editions  of  illustrated  French  Works. 

Catalogues  (price  6d.  eachl  can  be  had  from  the  AUCTIONEERS, 
3,  Park  Place,  Leeds. 

On  view  Two  Days  prior  to  the  Sale. 
Sale  at  11  o'clock  each  day. 


Mm* 


pONTEMPORARY 

^  REVIEW.        JANUARY.        2*.  6d. 

THE  COMING  FAMINE  IN  INDIA.   By  Benjamin  Aitken. 

REVOLUTION.  By  .Tack  London. 

THE  RELIGIONS  OF  GREECE  AND  ROME. 

By  Agnes  P.  Hnipli. 

BELGIUM   AND  THE  CONGO.  By  E.  D.  Morel. 

THE  JAPANESE  IN  KOREA.  By  F.  A.  MeKenzie. 

POETRY    AND    SYMBOLISM:    A    STUDY    OF    'THE 

TEMPEST.'  By  J.  C'hurton  Collins. 

OXFORD  FINANCE  :  A  REJOINDER.  ByW.R.  Lawaon. 
NATAL  AND  THE  ZULUS.  By  R.  C.  Hawkin. 

FOREIGN  AFFAIRS.  By  Dr.  E.  J.  Dillon. 

LITERARY  SUPPLEMENT :— 

CHRIST  IN  ENGLISH  LITERATURE. 

REVIEWS  OF  BOOKS.  By  "Museus" 

London:    HORACE  MARSHALL  &  SON. 


rpili;  NINK'I  KKNTH  CENTURY  AND  AFTER 

-L  tM'AHV. 

COMMEHCBa    A     NEW     VOLUME      AM»    io.VTAINB 
COKTKIB1 
CHARLES  1     O.  MAHTKItllAN.  MP.  Politics  in  Trans 

1     »     K)  l.l.l  I  Parliament  and  Party. 

J.  ELLIS  BARKER. 

The  Foreign  Policy  of  the  KmiK-ror  William  II. 
In    I. LUIM  KLKIND.    TheKniperor  William  II.  and  Social  R.  • 
IAN  MALCOLM.  The  Heart  Di~-a«  of  the  Empire. 

OSWALD  CRAWFURli  Portugal. 

H.  J.  B.  MONTGOMKRY 

(  rmdnali  and  Crime  :  a  Reply  by  an  Ex-Prisoner. 
Miss  ALICE  8.  GREGORY 

Midwifery  as  a  Profession  for  Educated  Women. 
Dr.  GEORGE  C.  WILLIAMSON 

Some  New  Information  Respecting  Jean  Prtitot. 
Miss  UNA  BIRi  H  The  Comte  de  Saint-Germain. 

Sir  WALTER  F.  MIEVILLE.  K.C.M.G.  The  New  Khartoum. 

Sir  HARRY  H.  JOHNSTON,  G.C.M.G    K.O.B 

How  to  Make  the  Negro  Work. 
Miss  SYDNEY  K    PHELPS.  "The  Fairy  Prince." 

The  Rev.  II.  V.  GILL  8.J.  Some  Katsnt  Earthquake  Theories. 

The  Right  Hon.  LORD  CURZON  OF  KEDLESTON. 

The  True  Imj*-rialisru. 
Hit  Majesty  the  QUEEN  OF  ROUMANIA  "OajmeslSThra." 

"On  Earth— Peace. 
London :  8P0TTI8WOODE  a  CO..  Lti..  0,  New  Street  Square. 

NOW  READY.    24"  pages.    2«.  6d.  net  :  2-.  frf.  post  free. 
Yearly  Subscriptions,  ioi.  i»«.t  free. 

rpHE      HIBBERT      JOURNAL. 

-*-  I'rincii'fiJ  Content*  of  Jannnrn  S>nnber. 

THE  PROSPECTS  OF   MODERNISM.     By  the  Rev.  George  Tyrrell. 
THE   PAPAL    ENCYCLICAL     From  a  Catholics  Point  of  View. 

By  the  Rev.  Father  John  Gerard.  S.J. 
THE  PAPACY  IN  ITS  RELATION  TO  AMERICAN  IDEALS.    By 

the  Rev.  L.  Henry  Schwab. 
THE   CATHOLIC  CHURCH— WHAT  IS  IT?    By  the  Lord  Buhop 

of  Carlisle. 
THE  IMMORTALITY  OF  THE  80UL— L    The  Transitory  and  the 

Permanent.    By  Sir  Oliver  Lodge. 
THE  RELIGION    OF  SENSIBLE   SCOTSMEN.      By  William  Wal 

lace.  LL.D. 
THE  •JEKAHMEEL'  THEORY  ANTi  THE  HISTORIC  IMPORT- 

ANCJE  OF  THE  NEGEB.     By  Nathaniel  Schmidt,  Ph.D. 
RELIGION    A   NECESSARY   CONSTITUTION    IN    ALL   EDUCA- 
TION.   By  Prof.  J.  H.  Muirhead. 
THE   SOURCES  OF  THE  MYSTICAL   REVELATION.    By  Prof. 

George  Albert  Coe. 
THE    MAGIC    AND    MYSTICISM    OF  TO-DAY.      By  Mrs.  Stuart 

Moore. 
THE    REASONABLENESS   OF   CHRISTIAN    FAITH     By   Wm. 

Adams  Brown.  Ph.D.  D.D. 
THE  ALCHEMY  OF  THOUGHT.     By  L.  P.  Jacks. 

With  a  number  of  Discussions.  Signed  Reviews,  and  Bibliography 
of  Recent  Theological  and  Philosophical  Literature. 
WILLIAMS    *    NORGATE.  14.   Henrietta  Street.   Covent   Garden. 
London.  W.C. 


GEOGRAPHICAL  JOURNAL.  January. 

Sir  Leopold  M'Clintock.    Sir  C.  R.  MARKHAM.     (Portrait 
The  Nun   Kun  Mountain  Group.     Dr.   W.  HUNTER  WORKMAN. 

(11  Illustrations  and  Map.' 
The    Freshwater    Lochs    of    Scotland,    Sir   JOHN    MURRAY    and 
LAURENCE  PULLAR.     (8  Diagrams,  4  Illustrations, and  2  Maps. 
Coast  Peoples.      ELLEN   CHURCHILL  SEMPLE. 
Reviews  ;  The  Monthly  Record  :  Obituary- 
Meetings  of  R.G.S. ;  Literature  of  Month  ;  New  Maps. 
EDWARD  STANFORD.  Long  Acre. 


YEARS    DOUBLE 


NOW  READY.  POST  FREE  Md. 

THE    BUILDER    NEW 
NUMBER.    JANUARY  4.  1908. 
Co.iltiils:— 
VIENNA    ARCHITECTURE.     26     PAGES     OF     ILLUSTRA 

TIONS. 
PUBLIC  BUILDINGS  ON  THE  FRANZENSRING.  SHOW- 
ING THE   HOUSES   OF   PARLIAMENT.  THE  T<>\\  N 

HALL.  THE   UNIVERSITY.  THE  VOTIVE  CHURCH. 

AND  THE  HOFBURG  THEATRE  i 
THE  TOWN  HALL.     The  late  Baron  von  Schmidt  (Royal 

Gold  Medallist  K.I.B.A.).  Architect  ; 
THE  TOWN   HALL:  SIDE  ELEVATION  AND  PART  OF 

FRONT  ELEVATION  ; 
THE  HOUSES  OF   PARLIAMENT.      The  late    Baron  vou 

Hansen  (Royal  Gobi  Medallist  R.I.B.A.'.  Architect  : 
THE  VOTIVE  CHURCH.    The  late  Baron  von  Ferstel  (Royal 

Gold  Medallist  R.I. B.A.I.  Architect  : 
THE   UNIVERSITY.       The  late   Baron  von  Ferstel  (Royal 

Gold  Medallist  R.I.B.A  I.  Architect. 
THE     HOFBURG     THEATRE.      The   late    Piof.   Semper. 

Architect  ; 
CATHEDRAL  CHURCH  OF  ST.  STEPHEN  ; 
ARCHDUKE    WILLIAMS    PALACE.    The  late  Baron  von 

Hansen,  Architect  ; 
PRINCIPAL     ENTRANCE     TO     THE     CREDIT    BANK. 

Baron  ran  FOrster,  Architect  ; 
NEW   WING   OF  THE   IMPERIAL  HOFBURG.    The  late 

Prof.  Sflmper,  Architect  ; 
THE    IMPERIAL    ART    HISTORY    MUSEUM.      The  late 

Prof,  Bemper  and  Sen  von  Hasenauer,  AicMteots  ; 
THE    IMPERIAL    ol'ERA    HOUSE.     Herren   Ed.  van  der 

Null  and  A.  von  Siccardsburg,  Architects  : 
ENTRANCE  TO  THE  ARSENAL   MUSEUM.    Hcrr  T.  von 

Hansen,  Architect ; 
(HABITABLE      INSTITUTION.       The     late     Baron     von 

S.  bmidt,  Architect  ; 
THE   CIVIC  ARSENAL:    PART   OF   THE   AUERSBEKG 

PALAt  -E: 
THE  GERMAN  THEATRE.    Herren  Fellner  and  Helmer. 

Architects  | 
THE  FRANCIS  JOSEPH  FOUNTAIN; 
CHURCH  AND  POST  OFFICE.     Prof.  Otto  Wagner.  Archi 

ted  ;    STADT  PARK:    TERRACES  AND  ENTRANCE. 

Prof.  Ohniann,  Architect. 
REPRODUCTION  OF  A  DRAWING  BY  THE  EDITOR.     Also 
the  commencement  of  a  Scries  of  Articles  (Student's  Column1 

00     "REINFORCED  CONCRETE  BEAM  FORMUL.V 
arcoroiMiiicd  bv  other  interesting  |matter.  both  Literary  and 
Artistic. 
The  above,  enclosed  in  an  illuminated  <over,  will  form  a  sumptuous 
New  Years  NhuiIkt. 

London : 
The  Publisher  of  THE  BUILDER.  4.  Catherine  Street,  W.C. 


No.  4184,  Jan.  4,  1908 


THE     ATHENAEUM 


SWAN  SONNENSCHEIN  &  CO.,  Ltd 

LIST    OF    STANDARD    WORKS. 


HISTORY. 

LITTLE  NOTES  ON  SHAKESPEARE'S  ENGLAND.    A.  Andrewes.    1*. 

GERMAN  SOCIETY  IN  THE  MIDDLE  AGES.     Belfort  Bax.    5s. 

THE  PEASANTS'  "WAR  IN  GERMANY.     Belfort  Bax.    6s. 

THE  RISE  AND  PALL  OP  THE  ANABAPTISTS.     Belfort  Bax.    6s. 

THE  CIVILISATION  OP   THE    RENAISSANCE   IN  ITALY.      Burck- 
HARDT.     Fifth  Edition.     10s.  6d. 

HISTORY  OP  THE  BUCCANEERS  IN  AMERICA.     Burney.    4s.  6rf.  net. 

EMPIRE  AND  PAPACY  IN  THE  MIDDLE  AGES.     Greenwood.     Third 
Edition.    2s.  6d. 

OUTLINES  OP  FRENCH  HISTORY.     Joerg.    2s.  6d. 

CONSTITUTIONAL   HISTORY   OP    THE   CHURCH   OP    ENGLAND. 

Mackower.    15s. 

THE  RISE  OP  THE  DUTCH  REPUBLIC.     Motley.    4s.  6rf.  net. 

OUTLINES  OP  GERMAN  HISTORY.     Musgrave.    2s.  6tf. 

HISTORY  OP   THE   CONQUEST  OP  MEXICO.     Prescott.    4s.  net. 

HISTORY  OP  THE  CONQUEST  OP  PERU.     Prescott.    4s.  net. 

HISTORY  OP  REIGN  OF  FERDINAND  AND  ISABELLA.    Prescott. 
4s.  net. 

CONTEMPORARY  SOCIALISM.     John  Rae.    Third  Edition.    5s.  net. 

THE  FOUNDATIONS  OP  ENGLAND.     Sir  James  Ramsay.    2>ols.  illustrated. 
24s. 

THE  ANGEVIN  EMPIRE.     Sir  James  Ramsay.    Illustrated.    12s. 

THE  DAWN  OP  THE  CONSTITUTION.    Sir  James  Ramsay.    Illustrated.   12s. 

SIX   CENTURIES   OP   WORK   AND   WAGES.     Thorold  Rogers.     Fifth 
Edition.    10s.  6d. 

MEMOIRS  OF  THE  REIGN  OF  LOUIS  XIV.    Saint-Simon.    3  vols.  12s.  net. 

HISTORY  OF   SOUTH  AFRICA.     G.  M'Call  Theal.    6  vols.  7s.  6rf.  each. 

SHORT  HISTORY  OP  ART.    Turner.    Fourth  Edition.    3s.  6d. 

THE  GROWTH  OF  THE  ENGLISH  MANOR.    Vinogradoff.    10s.  6d. 

THE  WONDERFUL  CENTURY.    Russel  Wallace.    Third  Edition.    7s.  6d.  net. 


PHILOSOPHY. 

ETHICAL    LIBRARY. 

Edited  by  J.  H.  MUIRHEAD,  M.A.  (Oxon.), 
Lecturer  on  Mental  and  Moral  Philosophy  and  Political  Economy  in  the  Mason  University 

College,  Birmingham. 

CIVILIZATION  OF  CHRISTENDOM,  and  other  Studies.    Dr.  B.  Bosanquet. 
4s.  6d. 

SHORT  STUDIES  IN  CHARACTER.     Dr.  S.  Bryant.    4s.  6d. 

THE  TEACHING  OF  MORALITY.     Dr.  S.  Bryant.    3s. 

STUDIES  IN  POLITICAL  AND  SOCIAL  ETHICS.     Prof.  D.  G.  Ritchie. 

4s.  6d. 

AN  ETHICAL  SUNDAY  SCHOOL.    W.  L.  Sheldon.    3s. 

PRACTICAL  ETHICS.    Prof.  H.  Sidgwick.    4s.  6d. 

SOCIAL  RIGHTS  AND  DUTIES.    Sir  Leslie  Stephen.    2  vols.  9s. 

THE  WILL  TO  DOUBT.    A.  H.  Lloyd.    4s.  6rf. 

LECTURES  ON  HUMANISM.    J.S.Mackenzie.    4s.  6rf. 


LIBRARY     OF     PHILOSOPHY. 

Edited  by  J.  H.  MUIRHEAD,  M.A.  (Oxon.), 
Lecturer  on  Mental  and  Moral  Philosophy  and  Political  Economy  in  the  Mason  University 

College,  Birmingham. 

HISTORY   OP  PHILOSOPHY.    Dr.  J.  E.  Erdmann. 

Vol.      I.  ANCIENT  AND  MEDIAEVAL.    Third  Edition.     15s. 

Vol.    II.  MODERN.     Fourth  Edition.     15s. 

Vol.  III.  SINCE  HEGEL.    Third  Edition.     12s. 

Vol.  IV.  CONTEMPORARY.    Prof.  F.  Uebekweg.    Edited  by  Max  Heinze. 

[In  preparation. 
PHILOSOPHY  AND  POLITICAL  ECONOMY.    Dr.  J.  Bonar.    10s.  6rf.  net. 
HISTORY  OP  ESTHETIC.    Dr.  B.  Bosanijuet.    10s.  Gd.  net. 
APPEARANCE   AND  REALITY.    F.  II.  Bradley.    Third  Edition.    12s.  net. 

IlAT,IO,]>IA^  THEOLOGY  SINCE  KANT.  Prof.  O.  Pfleiderer.  Second  Edition. 
10».  6a.  net. 

NATURAL  RIGHTS.    Prof.  D.  G.  Ritchie.    10s.  6d.  net 

LOGIC,    Prof.  Siowart.    2  vols.    21s.  net. 

ANALYTIC  PSYCHOLOGY.    G.  F.  Stout.    2  vols.    21s.  net. 

HISTORY  OP  ENGLISH  UTILITARIANISM.    Prof.  E.  Albee.    10s.  M.  net. 

CONTEMPORARY  PSYCHOLOGY.    ProL  G.  Villa.    10s.  6d.  net. 

THOUGHT  AND  THINGS.   Vol.  I.  of  Genetic  Logic.    J.  M.  Baldwin.    10s.  M.  net. 


WORKS    BY    C.    H.    HINTON. 

THE  FOURTH  DIMENSION.    4s.  6d. 
SCIENTIFIC  ROMANCES.    Series  I.  and  II.    6s.  each. 
A  NEW  ERA  OP  THOUGHT.    Second  Edition.    4s.  6rf. 
AN  EPISODE  OP  FLATLAND.    3s.  6d. 


RIDDLES  OF  THE  SPHINX.    F.  C.  S.  Schiller.    10s.  6d. 
ETHICS.    Prof.  W.  Wundt.    Vol.  I.,  7s.  6d.    Vol.  II.,  6s.    Vol.  III.,  7s.  6d. 


PSYCHOLOGY. 

MENTAL  PATHOLOGY.    Prof.  Storring.    10s.  6d. 

OUTLINES  OP  PSYCHOLOGY.    Prof.  Kulpe.    Second  Edition.    10s.  6d. 

PHYSIOLOGICAL  PSYCHOLOGY.    Wundt.    Vol.  I.    12s. 

LECTURES  ON  HUMAN  AND  ANIMAL  PSYCHOLOGY.  Wundt.  10s.  6rf. 

INTRODUCTION  TO  THE  STUDY  OP  PSYCHOLOGY.    Ziehen.    6s. 


BOTANY. 

PRACTICAL  PLANT  PHYSIOLOGY.    Detmar.    12s. 

ELEMENTARY  TEXT-BOOK  OP  BOTANY.    Vines.    Second  Edition.    9s. 

TEXT-BOOK  OP  BOTANY.    Vines.    Third  Edition.    15s. 

ELEMENTARY  TEXT-BOOK  OP  PRACTICAL  BOTANY.    Strasburger. 
Sixth  Edition.    10s.  6rf. 

CHEMISTRY. 

INTRODUCTION  TO  THE  STUDY  OF  ORGANIC  CHEMISTRY.  Wade. 

Second  Edition.    7s.  6d.  

ZOOLOGY. 

TEXT-BOOK    OF    THE    EMBRYOLOGY    OF  MAN  AND   MAMMALS. 
Hertwig.    Third  Edition.    21s. 

TEXT-BOOK   OF  THE  EMBRYOLOGY   OF   THE   INVERTEBRATES. 

4  vols.    7s.  6d.  each. 

STUDENT'S  TEXT-BOOK  OF  ZOOLOGY.    Sedgwick.    3  vols.    18s.  each. 


SONNENSCHEIN'S    QUOTATION    SERIES. 

Small  demy  Svo,  7s.  6d.  each. 

ENGLISH.      P.     H.     Dalbiac.      Fourth 


CLASSICAL.    T.  B.   Harbottle.    Second 
FRENCH   AND   ITALIAN.     Harbottle 


DICTIONARY    GP    QUOTATIONS 

Edition,  Revised,  with  Appendix. 

DICTIONARY  OF  QUOTATIONS. 

Edition. 

DICTIONARY  OF   QUOTATIONS. 
and  Dalbiac.    Second  Edition. 

DICTIONARY  OF  QUOTATIONS.    GERMAN.    L.  Dalbiac. 

DICTIONARY  OF  CONTEMPORARY  QUOTATIONS.  ENGLISH.  H.  Swan. 

DICTIONARY  OF  HISTORICAL  ALLUSIONS.    T.  B.  Harbottle.    Second 

Edition. 
DICTIONARY  OF  BATTLES.    T.  B.  Harbottle. 
FAMOUS  SAYINGS  OF  GREAT  MEN.    E.  Latham. 
DICTIONARY  OF  QUOTATIONS.    SPANISH.    T.  B.  Harbottle. 
DICTIONARY  OF  INDIAN  BIOGRAPHY.    C.  E.  Buckland,  CLE. 

DICTIONARY  OP  POLITICAL  PHRASES.    Hugh  Montgomery  and  Philip 
Cambray. 


USEFUL  BOOKS  FOR  THE  HOUSEHOLD. 


Demy  Svo,  2s.  Crf.  net  each. 

LITTLE  CYCLOPEDIA  OF   COMMON   THINGS. 

Bart.    New  Edition,  Revised  and  Enlarged. 


Sir  George  W.  Cox, 
F.   A. 


THE  TRAINING  OF  THE   BODY.    Adapted  from  the  German  of  Dr, 
Schmidt  by  Eustace  H.  Miles,  M.A.    Second  Edition. 

THE  HOME  DOCTOR.    F.  R.  Walters,  M.D.    Third  Edition. 


CYCLOPAEDIA   OP   EDUCATION. 

brought  up  to  date. 


A   New  Edition,   thoroughly   Revised  and 


THE  SCHOOLMASTERS*  YEAR-BOOK  AND  DIRECTORY,  1008.  Sixth 
Annual  Issue.    7s.  6d.  net. 

THE  GIRLS'  SCHOOL  YEAR-BOOK  (Public  Schools),  The  Third  Annual  Issue, 
under  the  direction  of  the  Editors  of  the  '  Public  Schools  Year-Book.'  Crown  8vo, 
cloth,  2s.  6d.  net 

EIGHTEENTH  YEAR  OF  ISSUE.    3«.  M.  net. 
THE  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS  YEAR-BOOK,  1908. 


SWAN   SONNENSCHEIN  &  CO.,  Ltd., 


25,  High  Street,  Bloomsbury,  W.C. 


T  I!  E     AT  II  E  N  M  U  M 


No.  4184,  .Ian.  \.  1908 


MACMILLAN  &  CO.'S 

NEW    BOOKS. 


A     CATALOGUE     RAISONNE 

OP    THE    WORKS    OP 

THE  MOST  EMINENT  DUTCH 
PAINTERS  OF  THE  SEVEN- 
TEENTH CENTURY. 

Baaed  on  Hie  Wort  of  John  smith.  By  Dr.  C. 
HOKSTKDB  DK  GBOOT.  Translated  by  EDWARD 
G    HAWKS.    In  10  Tola,  6vo.    Vol.  L  26*.  net 

[Tuesday. 

Vol  I  -IAN  STEBN,  OABKIBL  MET8TJ,  GERARD 
por  PIBTSB  DE  HOOCH,  CABEL  FABR1T1US, 
JOHANNES  VEBMEER. 

"ENGLISH    MEN    OF    LETTERS. 

NEW     VOLUME. 

JAMES  THOMSON. 

By  G.  C.  MACAULAT.    Crown  8vo,  2s.  net.    [Tuesday. 
VOL.  I.  NOW  READY. 

THE  EVERSLEY  TENNYSON. 

Annotated  by  ALFRED,  LORD  TENNYSON.  Edited 
by  HALLAM,  LOBD  TENNYSON.  Vol.1.  POEMS. 
with  Portrait.    Globe  8vo,  is.  net.  


BY    LORD    ACTON. 

THE  HISTORY  OF  FREEDOM, 

AND  OTHER  ESSAYS.  Edited,  with  an  Introduction, 
by  .1.  N.  FIGGIS,  M.A.,  and  R.  V.  LAURENCE,  M.A. 
Svo,  10s.  net. 

HISTORICAL    ESSAYS 
AND    STUDIES. 

Edited,  with  an  Introduction,  by  the  Same.   8vo,  10s.  net. 


NEW  IMPRESSION  NOW  READY. 

TOWN    LIFE   IN   THE 
FIFTEENTH  CENTURY, 

By  Mrs.  J.  R  GREEN.     New  Impression.    2  vols.  8vo, 
20s.  net, 


HURST  &  BLACKETTS  LIST. 


RECENT    6-  NOVELS. 

illllll)    l.Mi'KESNlO.N     NEARLY     READY. 

MRS.  B.  M.  CHOKER'S 

NEW      INDIAN      NOVEL. 

THE   COMPANY'S  SERVANT. 

"This  is  an  admirable  story  of  life  in  India  as  it  is  lived 
hy  English  people  who  are  not  rivil  servants,  or  loldier*,  or 
planters,  or  merchant*,  and  by  the  Boraatan  population 

who  have  more  or  less  to  do  with  them."— Spectator. 


NEW  EDITION,  COMPLETELY   REVISED,  OF 
VOLUME  IX 

A  TREATISE  ON  CHEMISTRY. 

By  H.  E.  ROSCOE,  F.R.S.,  and  C.  SCHORLEMMER, 
F.R.S.     Vol.  II.   THE  METALS.     New  Edition,  com- 
pletely Revised  by  Sir  H.    E.   ROSCOE  and  Dr.   A. 
HARDEN.    8vo,  30s.  net. 
This,  and  the  preceding  Volume  on  the  NON- 
METaLLIC    ELEMENTS   (21s.    net),   constitute 
the  most  complete  and   up-to-date    Treatise    on 
Inorganic  Chemistry  now  available  in  the  English 
language.  .  _     _ 

%•  Please  send  for  Prospectus. 

IS  MARS  HABITABLE? 

A  Critical  Examination  of  PROF.  PERCIVAL 
LOWELL'S  BOOK  'MARS  AND  ITS  CANALS,'  with 
an  Alternative  Explanation.  By  ALFRED  RUSSEL 
WALLACE,  F.R.S.  With  Map.  Extra  crown  8vo, 
■jv.  t;d. 

APHORISMS  AND 
REFLECTIONS  FROM  THE 
WORKS   OF  T.   H.    HUXLEY. 

Selected  by  HENRIETTA  A.  HUXLEY.  Pott  8vo, 
Is.  Cd.  net ;  also  cloth  elegant,  2s.  6d.  net ;  limp 
leather,  3s.  M.  net.  [Golden  Treasury  Series. 

THE    CENTURY   MAGAZINE. 

Illustrated.    Price  Is.  id.     Annual  Subscription,  16s. 
The  JANUARY  Number  contains: 
BEATRICE  CENCI.     The  True  Story  of  a  Misunderstood 
Tragedy  :  w  ith  New  Documents. 

By  F.  MARION  CRAWFORD. 

THE      REMINISCENCES     OF      LADY      RANDOLPH 
CHURCHILL    III.     By  Mrs.  George  Cornwallis- West. 

TRUST.     A  Story.     By  Jack  London. 

And  numerous  other  Stories  and  Articles  of  General  Interest. 


RICHARD  WHITEING'S  NEW  WORK. 

ALL  MOONSHINE. 

"  Mr.  Whiteing  invests  his  theme  with  his  familiar  distinc- 
tion of  style,  and  enriches  it  with  the  treasures  of  a  poetic 
imagination." — Spectator. 

SECOND  IMPRESSION  NOW  READY. 
DOLF     WYLLARDE'S     NEW     NOVEL. 

MAFOOTA. 

With  8  Illustrations. 
"Miss  Wyllarde  handles  the  setting  of  her  story  with 

admirable  breadth  and    effect she  can    be   trusted  to 

produce  her  pictures  in  vivid  well-chosen  words." 

Pall  Hall  Gazette. 

JUSTIN  HTJNTLY  McCARTHY.-SERAPHICA. 

MISS  BRADDON.-HER  CONVICT. 

"RITA."— A  MAN  OF  NO  IMPORTANCE. 

ADA      CAMBRIDGE     (Second     Impression).— THE 
ETERNAL  FEMININE. 

HON.  MRS.    HENNIKER.-OUR   FATAL 
SHADOWS. 

EDWIN  PTJGH.—  THE  SHUTTLECOCK. 

M.  TJRQUHART.—  OUR  LADY  OF  THE  MISTS. 

A.  V.  DUTTON.— LOVE  WITHOUT  WINGS. 

GERTRUDE  PAGE— LOVE  IN  THE  WILDERNESS. 

HELEN    PROTHERO    LEWIS.-THE  RUDDER 
AND  THE  ROCK. 

CONSTANTINE  RALLL— THE  STRANGE  STORY 
OF  FALCONER  THRING. 

E.    R.    PUNSHON.— THE    MYSTERY    OF     LADY 
ISOBEL. 


THE    CROWN 
AND  "INITIATIVE." 

All  interested  in  the  discussion  roused 
by  Mr.  Haldane,  should  read  Mr.  Sidney 
Low's  illuminating  chapters  on  the  present 
position  of  the  Monarchy  in 

THE    GOVERNANCE 
OF   ENGLAND. 

Si  cond  Edition.    3*.  W.  net. 
Published  byT.  FISHES  L'.NWIX,  Loudon. 


MADAME    ALBANESI    (Third 
STRONGEST  OF  ALL  THINGS. 


Impression).— THE 


ACROSS     WIDEST     AFRICA. 

By    HENRY  SAVAGE  LANDOR. 

Being  an  Account  of  the  Author's  recent  Journey  from 

the  Red  Sea  to  Timbucktu. 
Illustrated  with  about  160  Reproductions  of  Photographs. 
In  2  vols,  royal  8vo,  cloth,  gilt  top,  21.  2s.  net. 
"  The  book  is   a  masterpiece  of  observation  and  expert 
annotation.     It  should  be  in  the  hands  of  every  one  in- 
terested in  the  African  Continent."— African  World. 

EDNA    LYALL'S    NOVELS. 

DONOVAN :  a  Modern  Englishman. 
WE  TWO. 
KNIGHT  ERRANT. 
IN  THE  GOLDEN  DAYS. 
WON  BY  WAITING. 
A  HARDY  NORSEMAN. 
TO  RIGHT  THE  WRONG. 
IN  SPITE  OP  ALL. 
In  a  new  artistic  binding,  each  1  vol.,  crown  8vo,  3*'.  6<Z. 

W.  W.  JACOBS'  LATEST  VOLUME. 

SHORT    CRUISES.      Illustrated    by    Will 
OWEN.     Price  3s.  Crf. 


STUDIES  OF  THE  EIGHTEENTH 
CENTURY  IN  ITALY. 

By  VERNON  LEE.     New  Edition,  with  ■  BO*  Preface, 
B  Photogravure  Frontispiece,  and  40  other  Illustrali 
■elected  b*   Dr.    GU1DO     BIAUI.       Super-royal    b\o, 
half-hound,  tit,  net. 
"  Charming  sketches,  touched  in  with  the  light 
and  sure  haud  of  a  muster."— Spectator. 

THE     LETTERS     OF 
EDWARD   LEAR 

(Author  of  'The  Book  of  Nonsense')  to  Chichester 
rorteecoe  (Lord  Oarlingford)  and  Frances  Countess 
Waldegrave  (IMS  to  1664).  Edited  by  LADY 
HTBACHEY  (of  Sutton  Court).  With  a  Photogravure 
Frontispiece,  3  Coloured  Plates  and  many  other 
Illustrations.  Deu.y  Svo,  USA  net.  [Second  Impression, 
"Every  page  of  the  Letters  is  enthralling." 

Westminster  Gazette. 

BEFORE  AND  AFTER  WATERLOO 

Bv  EDWARD  STANLEY,  sometime  Bishop  of  Norwich. 

Edited  by  J.  U.  ADEANE  and  MAUD  GRENFELL. 

Illustrated.     Demy  8vo,  14s.  net. 
"  In  these  Stanley  Letters  there  are  many  vivid 
impressions   of  great  characters   and  interesting 
scenes." — Tkiblnk. 

A  LITERARY  HISTORY 
OF   FRANCE. 

By   EMILE   FAGUET.     With  Photogravure   Frontis 
piece.    Demy  Svo.  12s.  (jd.  net. 

[Library  of  Literary  History. 
"It   is    literally    crammed    with    information; 
every  page  is  interesting  and  valuable." 

SPECTATOR. 

A  LITERARY  HISTORY 
OF   THE    ARABS. 

By  R.   A.    NICHOLSON,   M.A.     With    Photogravure 
Frontispiece.     Demy  8vo.  12s.  6d.  net. 

[Library  of  Literary  History. 
"Mr  Nicholson  has  performed  the  work  he  set 
himself  to   accomplish  with  remarkable  ability, 
and  his  book  will  henceforth  be  a  standard  one 
on  the  subject."— Daily  Telegrapil 


MACMILLAN'S    NEW     LIST    OP 
ANNOUNCEMENTS  POST  FREE. 


MACMILLAN  &  CO.,  Ltd.,  London. 


DR,    GEO.    MAC  DONALD'S 
NOVELS. 

DAVID  ELGINBROD. 

ROBERT  FALCONER. 

SIR  GIBBIE. 

ALEC   FORBES   OF  HOWGLEN- 

SALTED   WITH  FIRE. 

Each  in  1  vol.,  crown  8vo,  3*.  W. 


THE  MATTERH0RN. 

By  GUIDO  REY.  Illustrated  by  EDOARDO  RIBINO. 
With  a  Preface  bv  EDMONDO  DE  AMICUS.  Trans- 
lated from  the  Italian  by  J.  E.  C.  EATON.  With 
14  Coloured  Plates,  23  Pen  Drawings,  and  11  Photo- 
graphs. Super-royal  Svo,  '.'I*,  net.  Fine-Paper  Edition 
(limited  to  15  copies).  Price  on  application. 
"You  can  set  Guido  Rev's  '  Matterhorn'  as  the 
gospel  of  the  mountaineer."— Spectator. 

THE  PALACES  OF  CRETE 
AND  THEIR  BUILDERS. 

By  ANGELO  MOSSO,  Author  of  '  The  Life  of  Man  on 
the  High  Alps.'  With  187  Illustrations  and  2  Plans. 
Royal  Svo,  21*. 

THE      BRAHMANS,      THEISTS, 
AND    MUSLIMS  OF  INDIA. 

By  JOHN  CAMPBELL  OMAN,  D.Litt.  Illustrated. 
Medium  Svo,  Ms.  net.  [Second  Impression. 

"  A  most  valuable   contribution  to  our   know- 
ledge of  religious  thought  in  Ladia."— Times. 

THE  ANDES  AND  THE  AMAZON. 

Life  and  Travel  in  Peru.  By  C.  REGINALD  KNOCK, 
F.  R.G.S.  With  a  Map  and  numerous  Illustrations. 
Medium  svo,  21*. 

CHILE. 

By  O.  F.  SCOTT-ELLIOT,  F.R.G.S.  With  an  Intro- 
duction by  MARTIN  HUME.  Illustrated.  Dem)  Svo, 
10V.  6d.  net. 

A    NEW    NOVEL. 

THE    BLUE    LAGOON. 

By  H.  DE  VERE  STACPOOLE.    6*. 


HURST  &  BLACKETT,  Limited, 
182,  High  Holborn,  W.C. 


Please  send  for  copy  of  Mr.  Fishsr  I'mrin's  Xrto  Announce- 
ment List.     Pre*  on  application. 

T.  FJSHER  UN  WIN,  1,  Adelphi  Terrace,  London. 


No.  4184,  Jan.  4,  1908 


THE     A  T  H  E  N  JE  U  M 


SATURDAY,  JANUARY  4,  1908. 


CONTENTS. 

PAGE 

The  Statutes  of  the  Scottish  Church         ..       ..5 

Father  and  Son 6 

A  Book  of  Greek  Verse     7 

Dyott's  Diary 8 

New  Novels  (The  Explorer ;  Children's  Children ; 
The  Love  Story  of  Giraldus ;  Phantom  Figures  ; 
The  Heart's  Banishment ;  The  Progress  of  Hugh 

Rendal ;  The  Master  Beast)         9—10 

Social  Problems 10 

Our  library  Table  (Lord  Wantage ;  Shakspeare's 
Sonnets  ;  Adonis,  Attis,  Osiris  ;  The  Literary  Man's 
Bible  ;  Sir  Gawain  and  the  Lady  of  Lys  ;  British 
Freewomen  ;  The  National  Edition  of  Dickens  ; 
The  Eversley  Tennyson  ;  The  Blackmailers  ;  The 
Liberal  Year-Book  ;  Manor  Court  Rolls  in  Private 
Hands  ;  The  Pocket  Ruskin  ;  Almanach  Hachette  ; 

The  Greyfriar) 11—13 

Notes  from  Paris  ;  The  Book  Sales  of  1907..  13 

List  of  New  Books 15 

Literary  Gossip 16 

Science— A  Bird  Collector's  Medley  ;  Anthro- 
pological Notes;  Attis  and  Christ;  Socie- 
ties ;  Meetings  Next  Week  ;  Gossip  . .  17—20 
Fine  Arts—  Eugene  Delacroix;  The  Nature 
Poems  of  George  Meredith  ;  The  American 
Pilgrim's  Way  in  England  ;  Thf,  Collector's 
Manual,  ;  The  Annual  of  the  British  School 
at  Athens  ;  The  Landscape  Painters'  Exhibi- 
tion; Gossip  ;  Exhibitions      20—22 

Music— Gossip  ;  Performances  Next  Week  ..     22—23 
Drama— Arms  and  the  Man  ;  The  Babes  in  the 

Wood  ;  Aladdin  ;  Robinson  Crusoe          ..  23 

Index  to  Advertisers         ..       24 


LITERATURE 


The  Statutes  of  the  Scottish  Church.  With 
Introduction  and  Notes  by  David 
Patrick,  LL.D.  (Edinburgh,  Scottish 
History  Society.) 

The  '  Concilia  Scotise '  (1225-59)  were 
edited  for  the  Bannatyne  Club  (1866) 
by  Joseph  Robertson,  with  his  wonted 
learning  and  acuteness.  The  book  is  not 
easy  to  procure,  nor  is  the  Latin  always 
lucid.  Dr.  Patrick  has  therefore  done 
good  service  in  translating  the  text,  and 
adding  an  interesting  Introduction  with 
learned  notes. 

In  1225  the  Church  in  Scotland  had 
no  Metropolitan,  but  was  permitted  by  a 
papal  Bull  to  meet,  without  the  presence 
of  a  Legate,  yet  under  apostolical  autho- 
rity. This  Bull  of  Honorius  III.,  Dr. 
Patrick  argues,  completed  the  reforming 
out  of  the  world  of  the  Church  of  Celtic 
Scotia,  as  distinct  from  the  Church  in 
anglicized  Lothian.  St.  Margaret  began 
the  reformation  of  the  Celtic  Church, 
which  was  now  accomplished,  while  Scot- 
land, thanks  to  "  the  discreet  but  per- 
sistent Scottish  nationalism  maintained 
at  Rome  by  a  succession  of  Scottish 
kings,  barons,  and  bishops,"  received 
recognition  as  an  independent  nation. 
We  entirely  agree  with  this  view.  The 
strenuous  fight  for  independence,  as  against 
the  claims  either  of  York  or  Canterbury, 
which  the  Scottish  Catholic  clergy  main- 
tained, was  an  essential  factor  in  the 
triumph  of  Robert  Bruce.  The  bishops 
and  preaching  friars  were  his  best  backers 
when  he  was  an  excommunicated  and 
sacrilegious  homicide.  The  Protestant 
historians  of  Scotland  are  apt  to  overlook 
the  debt  of  their  country  to  her  English- 


speaking    Catholic    clerics.     Dr.    Patrick 
shows   that   the    "  Cession    of   Lothian " 
to  the  early  Scottish  kings,  or  their  pos- 
session of  it,  whether  formally  ceded  or 
not,  did  not  involve  the  transference    of 
the  Church  in  Lothian  to  the  Celtic  see 
of  Alban  at  St.  Andrews.     Well  into  the 
twelfth   century,    Durham   was    virtually 
"  the    spiritual    metropolis   of    Lothian." 
St.    Margaret    was    "  a    German-trained 
theologian,"  with  a  director  from  Durham  ; 
but    her   sons    "  linked   monasteries   and 
churches  in  Lothian  indissolubly  to  Dur- 
ham, St.  Andrews  being  totally  ignored." 
In  later  times  "  patriotic  piety  "  invented 
myths  tracing  Church   as  well   as   State 
to  the  Dalriadic  Irish  invaders  of  Argyle, 
by  way  of  gaining  the  prestige  of  vast 
antiquity.     The  Privy  Council  in  Scotland 
of  Charles  II.   told   him  that  the  Scots 
had   been   loyal    to    his   family   for    two 
thousand     years !     But     when     Scotland 
had  her  Council,   in   1225   and   onwards, 
she  borrowed    her    statutes    bodily  from 
the  enactments  of  the  national  and  pro- 
vincial   synods    of    the    English    Church. 
With   some   anticipation  of    Presbyterian 
"  parity  of  ministers,"   though  the  Council 
was    no    analogue    of    the    Presbyterian 
General   Assembly,   the   Scottish   Church 
took   care   to   guard   against   even    "  the 
quasi-metropolitan  pre-eminence  "   of  St. 
Andrews  ;    and  though   Bishop  Graham, 
about   1470,   got  himself  made  an  arch- 
bishop, Glasgow  followed  suit,  and  Knox 
revels  in  a  scuffle  for  precedency  between 
the    Archbishops    of     St.    Andrews    and 
Glasgow.     Meanwhile    the    Estates    kept 
a  firm  hand  over  the  ecclesiastical  Council, 
and  James  I.,  at  the  time  of  his  murder, 
was  in  trouble  at  Rome  for  his  Erastian 
proceedings. 

Dr.  Patrick  remarks  that  "  some  of  the 
more  unlovely  aspects  of  Presbyterian 
church  life  were  at  least  as  conspicuous 
during  the  ages  of  faith."  Certainly 
the  Statutes  prove  that  churches  were 
apt  to  be  as  squalid  before  as  after  the 
Reformation.  Like  "  the  minister's  coo," 
that  of  the  priest  browsed  in  the  kirkyard  ; 
but  in  that  enclosure  Presbyterians  did 
not  sin  by  "  promiscuous  dancing."  In 
the  reign  of  James  VI.  there  was  a  good 
deal  of  free  pistol-shooting  and  stabbing 
in  St.  Giles's,  but  "what  for  no?" 
Bruce  and  his  gang  slew  the  Comyns  in 
church  at  Dumfries.  National  character, 
rather  than  one  or  other  creed,  accounts 
for  these  awkward  incidents.  We  are  not 
surprised  to  learn  that  priests  and  churches 
were  as  dirty  in  Italy  as  in  Scotland.  If 
Catholic  Statutes  protested  against  the 
daggers  and  gay  costume  of  clerics,  so 
did  the  General  Assembly  under  James  VI. 
and  a  minister  dirked  a  young  man  under 
Charles  I. 

Dr.    Patrick's    chap.    viii.    deals    with 
the  crying   sin   of   "  warying."     What   is 


warying 


The    Columban     Church 


had  "  the  excommunicatory  fever,"  as 
Erastus  calls  it,  and,  as  Mr.  Pecksniff  says, 
it  was  "  chronic."  Later  Bishop  Kennedy 
cursed  the  tiger  Earl  of  Crawford  every 
day  for  a  year,  when  the  curso  succeeded, 
and  the  Earl  was  slain — "  got  the  redder's 
straik  "  when  trying  to  keep  the  peace  in 


a  brawl.  In  1525  the  Archbishop  of 
Glasgow  curses  the  Border  reivers  in  the 
vernacular.  But  when  Dr.  Patrick  says 
that,  in  'The  Three  Priests  of  Peebles,' 
the  clergy  are  rebuked  for  "  warying  "  or 
excommunicating  too  freely  (Knox  laughs 
at  "  the  penny  curse,"  "  the  cheapest 
article  in  the  trade  "),  is  he  sure  that  "  to 
wary  "  means  "  to  curse  "1  '  The  Three 
Priests  '  has 

And  quhairfoir  now  in  your  time  ye  warie  ; 
As  thai  did  then  quhairfoir  sa  may  not  ye  ? 

In  all  times  priests  and  preachers  dealt 
in  curses  and  excommunications.  Does 
not  'The  Three  Priests'  mean  "  Why  do  ye 
vary  "  from  the  good  ways  of  an  older 
generation?  "As  they  did  then,  wherefore 
so  may  not  ye?"  Jamieson,  under  "  varie," 
gives  the  sense  of  behaving  deliriously. 
"Warying"  was  a  Scots  word  for  "curs- 
ing." We  are  not  sure  that  "  warie  "  has 
this  sense  in  the  passage  cited. 

The  later  Statutes  prove  that  the  mass 
of  the  clergy  were  profligate,  unlearned, 
Latinless  :  all  unlike  good  Ninian  Winzett, 
that  sore  thorn  in  the  flesh  of  John  Knox. 
The  testimony  to  this  effect  is  as  copious 
and  direct  in  Catholic   as  in  Protestant 
evidence.     The  Council  of  1549  attributed 
to     St.    Bernard    a    tag    from     Persius 
(Satire  ii.  69),   which   the   saint   was  for 
ever    quoting.     Does   Dr.    Patrick    think 
that  the  majority  of  the  members  of  the 
General  Assembly  are  capable  of  recogniz- 
ing   this   line   from  Persius  ?     But  if  the 
sapphics    of   the   old   Church   were   bad, 
three    false    quantities   in   three    stanzas, 
we  should  like  to  compare  sapphics  by  the 
General  Assembly,  and  George  Buchanan 
wallowed  in  false  quantities  :     according 
to  Prof.   Lindsay,   he  made  many   more 
than   "  a  false  quantity  or  two,"  which 
Dr.  Patrick  credits  his  verse  with.     The 
Scot   has    always   shone   more   in   Greek 
than  in  Latin  verse  composition.     Among 
Scottish     patrons     of     learning     Bishop 
Kennedy    ought    not     to    be     omitted : 
he  was  the  most  munificent  of  all,  except 
Mr.  Andrew  Carnegie,  who  to  Kennedy's 
College  has  added  a  cricket  field  and  other 
good  works. 

Nobody  says  that  laws  against  witch- 
craft were  "  a  Presbyterian  novelty " 
in  Scotland.  We  do  not  know  one  case, 
however,  of  witch-burning  in  Scotland 
before  the  Reformation,  except  the  in- 
stance quoted  by  Dr.  Patrick  from  an 
anonymous  fragmentary  chronicle  of  the 
reign  of  James  III.,  a  political  case.  Dr. 
Patrick  speaks  of  "  the  comparatively 
small  number  of  cases  "  of  witch-burning 
between  1563  and  1722.  Sir  George 
Mackenzie  says  that  there  Were  "  thou- 
sands"  of  cases.  Wo  have  no  exact 
statistics,  but  we  have  numerous  and 
loathsome  examples  of  the  incredible 
tortures  inflicted  during  the  time  of 
"  the  bloody  and  barbarous  inconveniences 
of  Presbyterian  government."  The 
Catholic  and  Anglican  Churches  were  as 
guilty  as  the  Presbyterian,  abroad  and 
in  England  ;  not  so,  as  far  as  evidence 
goes,  was  the  Catholic  Church  in  Scotland. 
As  to  the  quarrel  of  Graham  and  Schevez, 
Archbishop  of  St.  Andrews,  Dr.  Patrick 
will  understand  the  case— wholly  perverted 


6 


T  II  E     Arril  KNyEUM 


So.  4184,  .Ian.  4,  1908 


by  Buchanan  and  his  followers — when  the 
St.  Andrews  manuscripts,  now  being 
edited,  have  been  published.  Meanwhile 
we  have  to  thank  Dr.  Patrick  for  a  most 
interesting  work,  illustrating  social  as  well 
as  ecclesiastical  antiquities. 


Father  and  Son.     (Heinemann.) 

It  is  idle  to  pretend  ignorance  of  the 
identity  of  the  distinguished  author.  So 
much  has  been  said  already  by  the 
"  rapid "  reviews  that  no  apology  is 
needed  for  noticing  this  book  in  the  light 
of  Mr.  Gosse's  other  works,  which  are 
sufficiently  known  to  the  literary  public, 
though  indeed  that  public  is  less  wide 
than  reviewers  are  apt  to  imagine. 
Premising  thus  much,  one  may  say 
that  if  the  writer  should  achieve  any- 
thing like  lasting  remembrance,  it  will 
be  due  to  this  work  rather  than  to  any 
of  the  studies,  essays,  or  verse  in  which 
his  learning  and  versatility  have  won 
praise.  This  book  is  unique.  It  is  at 
once  a  profound  and  illuminating  study 
in  the  concrete  of  the  development  of  a 
child's  mind,  and  also  an  historical  docu- 
ment of  great  value.  At  least  its  value 
will  be  great  for  the  age,  not  so  far 
distant,  to  which  Puritanism,  Plymouth 
Brethren,  and  pre-Darwinian  science  will 
seem  as  prehistoric  as  the  "  fossils " 
which  men  like  "  Mr.  G."  believed  to 
have  been  stuck  in  the  rocks  in  order  to 
try  men's  faith. 

In  spite  of  what  has  been  said  on  the 
question  of  taste,  we  cannot  see  that  the 
writer  is  to  be  blamed  for  this  account  of 
his  father ;  it  seems  to  us  neither  dis- 
respectful nor  untender,  but  eminently 
delicate  and  fair  ;  nor  do  any  of  the  jokes 
seem  to  us  ungenerous.  It  is,  of  course, 
possible  that  the  writer's  literary  skill 
has  embellished  some  of  the  incidents, 
and  that  his  feelings  at  the  moment  were 
not  always  of  that  elaborately  self-con- 
scious character  which  he  now  believes 
them  to  have  been.  But  we  must 
remember  that  an  event  includes  its  con- 
sequences in  the  mind  ;  that  what  we 
think  of  it  in  memory  is  as  much  a  part 
of  it  as  what  we  feel  at  the  moment. 
This  is  at  once  the  justification  of  many 
physical  evils — 

Forsan  et  h.tc  olim  meminisse  juvabit — 
and  the  condemnation  of  those  attempts 
to  crush  the  soul-life  which  a  book  like 
this  displays.  Further,  it  is  our  own 
experience  that  the  thoughts  of  youth  are 
"  long,  long  thoughts,"  and  that  the 
child- mind  is  far  more  self-conscious  and 
analytic  of  those  thoughts  which  interest 
it  than  elders,  busied  with  affairs  and 
occupied  with  action,  are  apt  to  imagine. 
It  is  the  hustling  manhood  of  the  Western 
world  that  is  truly  irresponsible  ;  child- 
hood, like  old  age,  is  "the  age  of  reflection." 

The  home  described  is  probably 
familiar  to  some  of  us.  As  the  author 
says,  what  is  unique  is  his  father's  position 
as  a  man  of  science,  not  his  opinions. 
Those  opinions  are  simply  the  narrowest 
form  of  individualist  Protestantism,  which 


makes  of  religion  outwardly  the  barest 
and  least  human  of  any  creed  that  has 
ever  had  practical  effect ;  is  opposed  to 
culture,  to  art,  to  poetry  ;  regards 
Shakspeare  as  a  devil  to  be  shunned  ;  is 
blind  to  the  beauty  and  the  joy  of  earth, 
but  has  for  its  rare  and  elect  spirits  a  foun- 
tain of  joy  and  peace  which  is  none  the 
less  real  for  the  hideous  form  in  which 
it  is  commonly  expressed. 

'  Father  and  Son '  shows  all  this  in 
a  concrete  instance,  portrayed  with  ex- 
traordinary accuracy,  skill,  and  humour. 
The  present  writer  recalls  in  his  own  ex- 
perience people  of  a  similar  type,  though 
not,  indeed,  so  extreme.  In  one  case  a 
pious  lady,  objecting  to  church  decoration 
— not  because  it  was  ugly,  which  was 
true,  but  because  it  was  an  attempt  to 
be  beautiful — declared  that  nothing  could 
be  too  plain  for  the  house  of  God.  In 
another  a  retired  officer  of  "  parts,"  a 
really  fine  mathematician,  refused  to 
allow  his  daughters  to  go  to  some  lectures 
on  Shakespeare.  In  another  we  heard 
it  said,  "In  the  county  of  Roscommon 
no  Protestant  would  ever  shake  hands 
with  a  Roman  Catholic."  We  need  not 
multiply  instances.  They  are  perfectly 
well  known,  in  forms  more  or  less  extreme, 
to  many  people  who  are  past  middle 
life  ;  and  tc  those  who  do  not  know  them 
books  like  this,  or  '  Mark  Rutherford,' 
or  '  Robert  Falconer,'  or  '  The  Fairchild 
Family,'  will  supply  aspects  of  an  ideal 
which  remains  substantially  the  same, 
though  it  is  seen  at  its  purest  in  "  Ply- 
mouth Brethrenism,"  which  is  entirely 
free  from  any  taint  of  ecclesiasticism, 
and  is  in  most  places  purely  individual, 
unmistakably  devout,  and  full  of  a  kind 
of  austere  rapture. 

The  two  facts  which  stand  cut  from  this 
book  are  the  incapacity  of  Puritanism 
to  deal  with  children,  and  its  affinity  to 
the  scientific  rather  than  the  romantic 
temperament.  In  the  first  place,  Puritan- 
ism never  has  known,  and  never  will 
know,  how  to  deal  with  children  except 
by  making  them  prigs.  We  yield  to  none 
in  admiration  for  the  grandeur  of  Puritan 
faith  at  its  best,  its  magnificent  vision, 
its  splendour  of  strength,  and  its  unsur- 
passable appeal  to  the  lonely  conscience. 
But  at  one  point  it  breaks  down — the 
child.  Puritanism  has  in  fact  very  little 
sense  of  religion  as  a  process,  a  life  ;  it 
is  always  the  miracle,  the  instantaneous, 
the  conversion,  at  which  it  aims  ;  it  can 
only  reach  its  aim  by  treating  the  child 
as  an  adult.  The  tragedy  of  this  book 
lies  not  in  its  attempt  to  make  the 
bey  a  religious  boy,  but  to  make  him  a 
mature  saint  at  the  age  of  ten.  That 
great  event  is  symbolized  here  by  his 
baptism.  (He  tells  us  that  afterwards 
he  put  out  his  tongue  at  other  boys 
to  show  his  superiority  as  a  saint.)  After 
that  he  is  on  a  level  with  his  elders, 
and  though  his  education  must  go  on,  he  is 
really  no  longer  a  child.  Before  it  he  is 
not  a  child,  he  is  merely  an  animal.  In 
both  ways  Puritanism  misconceives  child- 
life.  It  is  a  faith  for  adults,  and  adults 
only,  and  in  this  it  is  like  every  other 
creed    or     religion    which    occupies    the 


educated  world,  with  the  exception  of 
the  system  of  the  Church.  We  fancy 
a  good  deal  of  the  education  con- 
troversy really  hinges  on  the  fact  that  it 
is  not  so  much  two  opposing  views  of 
religion,  as  on  the  one  hand  two  views  of 
the  State,  and  on  the  other  two  views  of 
the  child,  which  are  in  internecine  and 
irreconcilable  conflict.  A  glance  at  the 
writings  of  Richard  Baxter,  or  at  the  work 
of  John  Wesley  and  Ins  amazing  attempt 
to  govern  children  with  no  recreation  at 
all  at  Kingswood,  will  illustrate  our 
meaning  further. 

Secondly  (and  we  learn  tins  from 
'  Father  and  Son'),  the  Puritan  scho- 
lasticism, like  all  scholasticism,  is,  as  we 
have  said,  far  more  akin  to  the  scientific 
than  the  artistic  temperament.  It  was  not 
only  because  one  man  was  orthodox  and 
rigid,  and  the  other  irresistibly  modern, 
that  the  two  temperaments  clashed  ;  but 
also  because  one  had  the  artistic,  the  other 
the  scientific  temperament.  It  is  not  the 
theology  of  the  Vatican,  but  the  apologetic 
of  Father  Tyrrell,  of  Newman,  of  Westcott, 
of  Dr.  Illingworth,  that  is  the  true  answer 
within  Christendom  to  the  tortured  literal- 
ism and  barren  logomachy  of  the  older 
Puritanism,  as  of  many  similar  creeds  not 
dubbed  Puritan.  We  could  mention  many 
persons  of  the  opposite  school  who  suffer 
from  just  the  same  fundamental  defects 
as  the  "Mr.  G."  of  this  book,  although 
their  general  outlook  is  a  little  broader 
and  more  humane.  Any  one  who  reads 
or  knows  anything  of  the  hard  logical 
system  of  the  "  Atonement,"  or  still  more 
the  amazing  ingenuity  applied  to  the 
Apocalypse  to  discover  "  the  signs  of 
His  appearing,"  will  see  exactly  what  we 
mean.  It  is  not,  as  is  often  alleged  by  its 
adversaries,  the  irrationality  of  these 
systems  that  is  at  fault.  In  one  sense 
they  are  not  unreasonable  enough  ;  they 
fail  to  grasp  human  fife  in  its  entirety — 
fail  in  humour,  sympathy,  and  delicacy, 
just  as  Herbert  Spencer's  '  Autobiography  ' 
shows  us  he  failed.  The  ludicrous  judg- 
ments of  Plato  and  Homer  in  that  book 
are  precisely  akin  to  the  judgment  of 
Shakspeare  or  Marlowe  exposed  to  us 
here.  In  both  cases  it  is  not  the  appre- 
ciation of  a  mystery  in  human  life  that 
is  the  error.  Both  the  agnostic  and  the 
Puritan,  in  words  at  least,  admit  this.  It 
is  the  familiarity  with  the  Chinese  treat- 
ment of  culture,  the  '  harshness,  the 
certitude  in  regard  both  to  this  world 
and  the  next — in  a  word,  the  prose  of  the 
rationalistic  spirit  —  that  is  to  blame. 
That  was  the  father's  religious  experi- 
ence. The  son  was  emphatically  a  poet, 
an  artist,  an  impressionist,  sensitive  to 
every  breath  of  beauty  and  aspect 
of  delight ;  and  hence  their  opposition 
was,  as  he  says,  irreconcilable  and  (when 
realized)  final.  It  is  the  clash  not  of  two 
creeds  only,  not  even  of  two  temperaments, 
but  of  two  whole  universes  of  thought  and 
feeling,  which  is  presented  in  this  work, 
and  will  make  it  deeply  illuminating  long 
after  the  echoes  of  its  controversies  and 
the  forms  of  its  expression,  and  even  the 
names  of  the  combatants,  are  as  silent 
and  forgotten  as  are  at  this  moment  the 


No.  4184,  Jan.  4,  1908 


THE     ATHEN^UM 


scientific  apology  of  the  "  Father,"  or  the 
pietistic  tracts  of  the  mother. 
Oh,  East  is  East,  and  West  is  West,  and  never  the 
twain  shall  meet. 

And  it  is  the  spirit  of  the  East  (we  fancy 
we  have  read  a  poem  called  '  Firdausi  in 
Exile ')  which  is  shown  in  this  single 
concrete  case  in  one  of  the  phases  of  the 
age-long  struggle  that  will,  we  suppose, 
go  '  on  "as  long  as  the  sun  and  moon 
endureth."  Religion  is  only  one  of  its 
many  phases,  though  it  is  probably  the 
most  important,  because  it  is  the  most 
comprehensive.  That  is  why  the  book  is 
so  interesting.  Its  nominal  material  is 
detailed,  particular,  local.  Its  real  subject 
is  a  difference  as  great  as  that  between 
light  and  darkness,  a  conflict  no  less  pro- 
found and  eternal  than  that  typified  in 
Oriental  dualism  as  existing  from  the 
dawn  of  things. 


Greek    Verse. 
(Cambridge, 


By    Walter 

University 


A    Book    of 
Headlam. 
Press.) 

The  ambiguous  title  of  this  volume  is 
justified  by  its  contents,  which  include 
translations  from  Greek  into  English, 
as  well  as  from  English  and  other  lan- 
guages into  Greek.  We  are  not  sure 
that  it  was  a  good  plan  to  intermix  the 
two  kinds,  although  the  author  has  been 
able  in  this  way  to  illustrate  vividly 
some  curious  literary  affinities  —  for 
example,  between  Callimachus  and  Heine 
— and  to  supply  his  readers  with  models 
of  the  different  Greek  metres  which 
he  has  used.  Since  the  Greek  originals 
are  placed  in  chronological  order,  it 
seems  a  pity  that  their  sequence  should 
be  disturbed  by  anything  except  the 
English  versions  accompanying  them. 
The  pieces  chosen  for  translation  cover 
the  whole  range  of  Greek  literature  from 
Alcman  to  Paulus  Silentiarius,  and,  though 
comparatively  few,  are  representative 
enough.  We  do  not  regret  the  omission 
of  Homer  and  Hesiod ;  and  Euripides 
is  wisely  abandoned  to  Mr.  Gilbert 
Murray.  Perhaps  no  excuse  is  needed 
for  the  absence  of  comedy,  but  we  should 
have  liked  to  see  a  specimen  of  Aris- 
tophanes in  his  lyrical  vein.  iEschylus 
and  Sophocles  receive  ample  justice, 
the  former  being  represented  by  three 
choruses  from  the  '  Suppliants '  and 
one  from  the  '  Eumenides.'  Sappho  has 
several  pages  to  herself ;  Pindar  and 
Bacchylides  one  each.  The  '  Greek  An- 
thology '  yields  more  than  twenty  epi- 
grams ;  while  the  '  Pharmaceutrise  '  and 
'  Thalysia '  of  Theocritus  are  translated 
entire.  There  are  also  three  Latin  pieces 
— Catullus's  hymn  to  Diana  and  the 
lines  to  his  yacht,  and  Horace's  "  Donee 
gratus  cram  tibi." 

In  the  Preface  Dr.  Headlam  makes 
some  interesting  and  profitable  remarks 
upon  translating  from  the  Greek.  He 
sees,  of  course,  that  native  English  metres 
must  be  employed,  and  rightly  attaches 
great  importance  to  the  choice  of  an  appro- 
priate metre — a  point  in  which  translators 
commonly    go   astray.     One    cannot   lay 


down  definite  rules  where  taste  and  judg- 
ment are  concerned,  but  it  ought  to  be 
obvious  how  much  depends  on  the  selection 
of  the  form  which  will  best  convey  the 
spirit  and  mood  of  the  original  poem. 
It  may  be  hazardous,  however,  to  borrow 
a  metrical  form  peculiarly  associated 
with  a  single  masterpiece,  like  Fitz- 
Gerald's  quatrain  (which  occurs,  by  the 
way,  in  the  works  of  Sir  Philip  Sidney) 
or  the  stanza  of  the  '  Hymn  on  the 
Nativity,'  which  Dr.  Headlam  has  imi- 
tated. To  turn  Greek  verse  into  English 
metre  is  child's  play  for  any  scholar, 
but  how  few  are  capable  of  moulding 
an  English  poem  out  of  a  Greek  one  ! 
At  first  sight,  indeed,  the  difficulties 
appear  less  than  they  are.  Thus  in  a 
certain  Semitic  language  famous  for  its 
poetry  the  ideas  and  images  are  frequently 
so  far  removed  from  our  comprehension 
as  to  be  unintelligible  if  translated  literally, 
and  so  unpoetic  at  times,  according  to 
European  canons  of  taste,  that  it  would 
be  madness  to  put  them  into  verse  before 
they  have  undergone  a  process  of  alchemy 
in  the  writer's  mind.  Greek  seldom 
requires  such  transmutation.  Here  the 
obstacles  are  of  another  sort — subtle, 
impalpable,  not  to  be  evaded.  The 
drawing  looks  so  easy,  yet  every  fine  is 
a  circle.  Dr.  Headlam  dislikes  the  term 
"  untranslatable,"  which  he  thinks  is 
too  readily  applied  : — 

"  Translation  with  success  is  always 
possible  when  in  the  translator's  language 
there  exists  a  native  form  and  manner 
corresponding  :  when  there  exists  no  such 
model,  then,  but  only  then,  translation 
may  perhaps  be  sometimes  called  impos- 
sible." 

We  doubt  the  adequacy  of  this  pro- 
position, even  with  the  corollary  that 
"  a  man  may  write  what  is  as  good,  or  even 
better  than  the  original,  but  from  the  nature 
of  the  case  it  cannot  ever  be  precisely  the 
same  thing." 

Take  a  well-known  stanza  of  Sappho  : — 
ko.1  yap  cu  favyti,  radios  Si<u£ei, 
ai  81  8(opa  firj  8(K€t\  aAAa  Suxrei, 
at  St  fx.rj  <f>ik(i,  ra^fws  <pt\r}<rei 
kwvk  (QeXoLcra. 

Dr.  Headlam  renders  : — 

The  pursued  shall  soon  be  the  pursuer  ! 

Gifts,  though  now  refusing,  yet  shall  bring, 
Love  the  lover  yet,  and  woo  the  wooer, 

Though  heart  it  wring  ! 

Melodious  verses,  but  are  they  "  as  good, 
or  even  better  than  the  original  "  ?  and 
do  they  catch  its  essential  qualities  ? 
Surely  the  English  is  complex,  elaborate, 
exaggerated,  in  comparison  with  the 
lovely  artlessness  and  divine  simplicity 
of  the  Greek. 

If  Dr.  Headlam  has  failed  in  this  in- 
stance, where  most  people  will  allow  that 
failure  was  inevitable,  he  has  generally 
acquitted  himself  in  a  manner  worthy 
of  warm  praise  and  congratulation.  Many 
of  his  renderings  approach  perfection  in 
diction  and  rhythm,  and  are  inspired 
by  a  feeling  for  poetry  which  is  as  rare 
as  it  is  delightful.  By  disclosing  beauties 
over  which  ordinary  translators  cast  a 
thick  veil,  his  book  will  help  readers 
ignorant    of    Greek    to    understand    and 


share  the  enthusiasm  which  that  literature 
excites  in  its  votaries.  But,  naturally, 
these  translations  appeal  most  strongly 
to  the  initiated.  They  set  before  the 
young  student  who  can  recognize  their 
excellence  a  standard  which  he  may 
hope  some  day  to  reach,  while  the  mature 
scholar  will  derive  from  them  a  keen 
sesthetic  pleasure  and  an  increased  appre- 
ciation of  the  poetic  value  of  familiar 
passages  and  phrases.  Of  the  longer 
versions  the  '  Magic  Wheel '  and  '  Harvest 
Home '  of  Theocritus  will  be  justly 
admired  for  the  skill  with  which  the 
atmosphere  and  colouring  of  each  piece 
have  been  reproduced  ;  but  connoisseurs 
may  prefer  the  renderings  of  several 
tragic  choruses,  which  are  more  purely 
Greek,  and  afford  a  supreme  test  of  the 
author's  powers. 

Here  are  the  fines  from  the  '  Antigone ' 

beginning  "Eows  aviKare.  p-d^av  : — 

0  Warrior  Love  unquelled, 

Thou  Spoiler,  armed  for  the  raid, 
Whose  vigil  at  night  is  held 

On  the  damask  cheeks  of  a  maid  ; 
Thy  path  goes  over  the  flowing  sea, 

Thy  presence  dwells  in  the  woodland  field  ; 
Be  it  god  or  mortal  that  fain  would  flee, 

There  is  none  may  fly  thee,  but  all  must  yield 
To  the  madness  gotten  of  thee  ! 

And  here'  is  a  celebrated  passage  from 
the  same  play,  done  into  a  measure  of 
Mr.  Swinburne's  invention  : — 

There  are  marvellous  wonders  many 

Where'er  this  world  we  scan, 
Yet  among  them  nowhere  any 

So  great  a  marvel  as  Man. 
To  the  white  sea's  uttermost  verges 

Afloat  this  miracle  goes, 
Forging  through  thundering  surges 

When  the  wintry  south-wind  blows  : — 
And  the  Earth,  Heaven's  Mother,  divinest-born, 
The  eternal,  deathless,  unoutworn, 
Still  plied  with  an  endless  to-and-fro 
As  the  yearly  ploughshares  furrowing  go, 
By  Man  is  fretted  and  torn. 
We    quote    these    specimens    of    Dr. 
Headlam's  work  in  order  to  show  what 
he  can  do  at  the  highest  level  of  difficulty, 
not  because  we  consider  them  equal  to 
the  best  things  in  the  volume.     Regarded 
merely   as   English   verse,    they   are,    we 
think,  inferior  to  a  number  of  others  which 
owe  their   fuller    perfection,  in    part   at 
any  rate,  to  the  fortunate  tractability  of 
the  original  ore.     Many  will  be   inclined 
to  rank  first  of  all  this  charming  version 
of  a  fragment  of  Bacchylides  : — 

Peace  upon  earth 
Brings  wealth  and  blossom  of  dulcet  song  to  birth ; 
To  the  Gods  on  carven  altars  makes  thighs  of  oxen 

burn, 
And  sheep  in  the  yellow  flame, 
And  bids  the  young  men's  thoughts  to  the  wrest- 
ling-game 
And  revel  and  hautboy  turn. 
Webs  of  the  spider  brown  in  the  iron  shield  are 

made, 
And  rust  grows  over  the  edge  of  the  sword  and 

the  lance's  blade  ; 
The  sound  of  the  brazen  trumpet  is  not  heard, 
Nor  the  still  air  stirred 
And  the  sweet  of  slumber  torn 
From  the  eyelid  heavy  at  morn  : 
Banquet  and  blithe  carousal  throng  the  ways. 
And  the  amorous  hymn  like  fire  in  the  air  breaks 
forth  in  praise. 

Nearly  as  good  as  this  are  the  transla- 
tions of  Pindar's  description  of  Paradise 
and  the  '  Danae '  of  Simonides.  Some 
of  the  epigrams  are  excellently  rendered  ; 
some  have  baffled  the  attempt  to  trans- 


8 


T  If  E     AT  II  KXJ;  I    M 


No.  4184,  Jan.  4,  1908 


plant  them.  Dr.  Hcndlaiii  finds  fault 
with 

They  told  me(  Eereolitu,  they  told  me  yon  were 
deed  ; 

hut  admitting  the  force  of  what  he  says, 
we  venture  to  prophesy  that  the  new 
\  anion  will  never  become  such  a  favourite 
as  the  old.  One  or  two  blemishes  may 
be  noticed,  trivial  in  themselves,  but 
conspicuous  in  a  book  of  high  aim  and 
achievement.  The  worst  line  in  it  is 
certainly 

Immune  from  time's  disease, 
where    the  Greek  has  oVeo  ovx*    sreo-ciTai 
(p.  146).     Rhyme  is  responsible  for  this, 
and  also  (the  italics  are  ours)  for 

The}-  miss  her  when  they  spin, — the  cheer, 
The  sweet  voice  rippling  (p.  217), 

and 

trash  ill  thy  regard 
Was  parent's  love  (p.  267). 

The  Greek  versions  we  have  no  space 
to  review  in  detail,  and  can  only  record 
our  belief  that  they  are  not  surpassed, 
if  indeed  they  are  equalled,  by  any 
existing  productions  of  the  same  kind. 
Beside  them,  even  Jebb's,  with  all  their 
brilliancy,  seem  just  a  trifle  academic  : 
these  are  freer,  more  flexible,  perhaps, 
more  like  what  a  Greek  might  have 
written.  It  should,  however,  be  pointed 
out  that  Dr.  Headlam  has  given  himself 
a  great  advantage  by  refusing  to  translate 
pieces  which  do  not  "  really  bear  the 
stamp  of  Greek  in  style  and  sentiment." 
The  versions  of  Shakspeare  in  iambics, 
of  Shelley's  'Ode  to  the  Skylark'  in 
sapphics,  and  of  the  Wisdom  of  Solomon 
in  hexameters,  furnish  abundant  proof 
of  his  mastery ;  but  the  following,  of 
Landor's  "  Proud  word  you  never  spoke," 
is  enough  for  the  discerning  : — 
'Ecrcrt  jiXv  ov  o-ofiaprj  TiS"  Ijtos  S'  eri  fiifikov 
evowra 

TTjvSe  iroTC  <j>0ey£r)  xal  <rv  ti  irov  croftapov. 
Xilpl  yaP  ovk  aSiavrov  kpfixrafiivn  crv  irapetrjv 

"  ovtos  ip.ov  "  <f)rj<Tei<s  "  rjpaTO,"  K&SoSbvtT. 

Some  fifty  pages  of  notes,  full  of  eru- 
dition and  fine  criticism,  complete  the 
volume,  which  appears  at  an  opportune 
moment  to  defend  the  cause  of  classical 
education,  and  encourage  those  advocates 
of  reform  who  desire  that  Latin  and 
Greek  should  be  taught,  not  as  dead 
languages,  but  as  living  literature. 


Dyott's  Diary,  1781-1845.  Edited  by 
Reginald  W.  Jeffery.  2  vols.  (Con- 
stable &  Co.) 

We  wonder  how  many  times  in  the  course 
of  his  long  life  General  Dyott  exclaimed, 
"  The  country  is  going  to  the  devil,  sir  !  " 
Not  a  few ;  that  much  is  certain.  He 
belonged  to  the  Eldonian  or  pigtail  type 
of  Tory,  which  dated  the  decline  of  the 
British  Empire  from  the  passing  of  the 
Catholic  Emancipation  Act,  and  its  fall 
from  the  Act  of  Reform.  He  was  spared 
from  realizing  that  Ins  neighbour  Sir 
Robert  Peel  had  committed  what  he  would 
have  regarded  as  a  second  apostasy  in 
abolishing  the  Corn  Laws,  since  after  a 
stroke  of  paralysis  in  April,  1845,  when 
he  was  eighty-four,  the  old  man  seems 


to  ha\e  lost  all  interest  in  public  affairs. 
Hut  the  journal  which  he  kept  for  some 
sixty-four  years  preserves  a  truly  astonish- 
ing record  of  mental  immutability  as 
regards  the  State  in  general  and  the  army 
in  particular.  It  is  only  fair  to  add  that 
General  Dyott's  prejudices  did  not  pre- 
vent him  from  being  the  best  of  fathers, 
a  steadfast  friend,  a  considerate  officer  to 
his  soldiers,  and  a  benevolent  landlord  to 
the  farmers  and  labourers  on  his  estate. 

Dyott's  great  days  were  in  1787  and  1788, 
when,  being  quartered  at  Halifax,  Nova 
Scotia,  he  had  the  honour  of  associating 
with  Prince  William  Henry,  afterwards 
Duke  of  Clarence  and  King  William  IV. 
From  the  first  it  was  "  Dyott,  fill  your 
glass,"  and  "  Dyott,  your  health  and 
family."  The  Prince,  whose  tipple  was 
Madeira,  had  a  hard  head,  though  on 
one  occasion,  his  admirer  chronicles,  "  I 
never  saw  a  man  get  so  completely 
drunk."  After  a  dinner  at  which  twenty 
persons  accounted  for  sixty-three  bottles 
of  wine,  there  occurred  this  sequel : — 

"  When  he  went  out  he  called  me  and  told 
me  he  would  go  to  my  room  and  have  some 
tea.  The  General,  Col.  Brownlow,  and 
myself  were  at  tea.  The  General  and 
Colonel  as  drunk  as  two  drummers.  I 
was  tolerably  well  myself  and  knew  what 
I  was  about  perfectly.  He  laughed  at  them 
very  much.  After  tea  we  left  them  in  my 
room  and  went  on  a  cruise,  as  he  calls  it, 
till  eleven,  when  he  went  on  board.  I  don't 
recollect  ever  to  have  spent  so  pleasant  a 
day.  His  Royal  Highness,  whenever  any 
person  did  not  fill  a  bumper,  always  called 
out,  '  I  see  some  of  God  Almighty's  day- 
light in  that  glass,  Sir  ;  banish  it.'  " 

After  Prince  William  Henry  had  sailed, 
Dyott  encountered  in  Major  RawTdon 
"  the  most  determined  fellow  at  a  bottle 
of  claret "  he  ever  knew,  and  kept  up 
the  Prince  of  Wales's  birthday  at  Govern- 
ment House  till  four  o'clock  in  the  morn- 
ing. 

The  military  experiences  recorded  in 
the  diary  do  not  maintain  this  Olympian 
level  throughout.  A  spirited  account  is 
given  of  the  operations  during  the  West 
Indian  rebellion  of  1796,  when  two  negro 
prisoners  were  driven  into  a  low  passage 
and  shot  by  men  of  the  29th  Regiment : — 

"  I  ran  to  see  what  the  firing  was,  but 
before  I  got  to  the  place  they  had  fired  a 
second  round.  On  reaching  the  spot  I 
made  a  negro  draw  out  these  miserable 
victims  of  enraged  brutality.  One  of  them 
was  mangled  in  a  horrid  manner.  The 
other  was  shot  through  the  hip,  the  bodj\ 
and  one  thigh,  and  notwithstanding  all,  he 
was  able  to  sit  up  and  to  answer  a  number 
of  questions  that  were  asked  him  respecting 
the  enemy.  The  poor  wretch  held  his  hand 
on  the  wound  in  his  thigh,  as  if  that  only 
was  the  place  he  suffered  from.  The  thigh 
bone  must  have  been  shattered  to  pieces, 
as  his  leg  and  foot  were  turned  under  him. 
The  miserable  being  was  not  suffered  to 
continue  long  in  his  wretchedness,  as  one  of 
his  own  colour  came  up  and  blew  lus  brains 
out  sans  ceremonie." 

Dyott's  adventures  were  not  particu- 
larly noteworthy.  He  reached  Egypt  not 
long  before  the  capitulation  of  Menou  ; 
he  was  too  late  to  reinforce  Sir  John 
Moore  in  the  Peninsula ;  he  has  not 
much    that    is    fresh    to    say    about    the 


Wsloheren  expedition,  though  he  seta 
down  his  indignation  at  the  disgraceful 
condition  of  the  British  hospitals.  As  a 
traveller  he  is  appallingly  commonplace, 
and  he  sometimes  affects  an  abbreviated 
style  which  is  irritating.     Thus  : — 

"  Entrance  to  Paris  very  poor  ;  got  to  tin- 
Hotel  de  Vendorne  ;  devilish  dear  ;  four 
louis  d'or  a  week  ;  went  to  the  Opera 
Comique  ;  neat  house  but  small  ;  men 
vulgar  and  women  more." 

Dyott  was  an  aide-de-camp  to  George 
III.,  but  we  gather  little  more  than  that 
the  King  was  gracious,  and  that  he 
frequently  had  the  honour  of  playing 
cards  at  their  Majesties'  table.  "  There 
never  was  a  more  virtuous,  religious, 
moral  man  existed  from  true  principle 
and  sincere  worth,"  was  Dyott's  feeling, 
if  involved,  tribute  when  George  III.  died. 
Of  his  successor  he  guardedly  opined 
that,  though  a  most  accomplished  gentle- 
man, he  was  "  perhaps  too  eager  after 
self-gratifications  to  allow  thought  for 
the  affairs  of  a  great  nation  "  ;  and  this 
is  the  comment  when  William  rV.  was 
no  more  : — 

"  His  Majesty  was  a  merry  Prince  in  his 
youthful  days,  and  at  that  day,  he  could 
promise,  if  ever  in  power,  to  serve  a  young, 
giddy,  foolish  friend.  Thank  God,  I  have 
travelled  on  without  obligation  to  the  man 
or  the  Monarch,  which  was  not  the  case  with 
the  Prince  to  the  then  jolly  Lieutenant." 

The  royal  remark  at  a  drawing-room  that 
"  you  and  I  have  been  acquainted  for 
half  a  century  "  was  all  very  well  in  its 
way,  only  it  did  not  go  very  far.  The 
General  ungallantly  noted  down  that 
Queen  Adelaide  had  "  a  white,  unmeaning 
German  face  "  ;  and  the  Court  of  Queen 
Victoria  was  not  to  his  liking,  chiefly 
because  he  objected  to  the  daily  driving 
in  the  Park  and  mixing  with  the  com- 
monalty. 

After  Dyott  had  settled  down  at 
Freeford,  his  estate  in  Staffordshire,  his 
journal  becomes  uncommonly  interesting. 
We  do  not  know  where  a  more  complete 
picture  can  be  found  of  the  old  Tory 
squirearchy,  with  its  visitings  and  f east- 
ings, its  shooting,  its  farming,  its  attend- 
ances on  the  bench  and  at  assizes.  The 
General  made  frequent  visits  to  town  to 
push  the  fortunes  of  his  son  Dick,  and 
we  get  a  vivid  idea  of  how  the  wires  were 
pulled  under  the  purchase  system,  though 
Lord  Hill  at  the  Horse  Guards  was  not 
easily  moved.  Dyott  was  a  prominent 
figure  in  local  politics,  and  in  that  capacity 
he  was  frequently  consulted  by  Peel, 
though  as  to  the  affairs  of  the  nation 
probably  not  to  the  extent  that  he  seems 
to  have  imagined.  But  it  was  a  long  time 
before  he  pretended  to  regard  the  cotton- 
spinner's  son  as  other  than  an  upstart. 
Here  is  an  entry  dated  January,  1831: — 

"  The  31st  I  dined  at  Sir  Robert  Peel's  ; 
a  man  party  of  his  neighbours  (the  Squire- 
archy). The  Baronet  made  himself  very 
agreeable,  quite  a  country  gentleman,  but 
interlarded  his  conversation  with  entertain- 
ing anecdotes  from  the  Secretary  of  State's 
office." 

Whiggish  proclivities  met  with  Ins 
unsparing  sarcasm.  He  poured  contempt 
on  Littleton's  claims  for  the  Speakership 


No.  4184,  Jan.  4,  1908 


THE    ATHENJEUM 


!) 


— not  altogether  without  cause — and  re- 
garded Lord  Anglesey's  political  vagaries 
with  comical  indignation  : — 

"  I  remember  the  day  when  he  used  to 
damn  the  Whigs  and  all  their  measures. 
Time,  they  say,  works  wonders.  Vanity 
and  circumstance  prevail  over  self,  and  too 
frequently  make  self  forget  self,  and  commit 
all  sorts  of  inconsistency  to  serve  self." 

Dyott  objected  to  all  innovations,  no 
matter  whether  they  were  improvements 
or  not.  He  objected  to  railways, 
mechanics'  institutes,  and  popular  educa- 
tion ;  and  when  Mrs.  Fry  visited  Stafford 
Gaol,  he  devised  eight  new  cells  for  solitary 
confinement :  "  It  is  my  intention  to 
make  them  as  irksome  and  lonely  to  the 
individual  as  possible,  in  order  to  obtain 
the  desired  effect."     What  an  old  Tory  ! 

Mr.  Jeffery's  Introduction  is  well  done, 
and  his  notes  are  fairly  adequate,  though 
they  sometimes  err  on  the  side  of  meagre- 
ness.  George  Rose's  estate  was  called 
Cuffnells,  not  Cuttnells ;  the  owner  of 
Dropmore  was  not  Lord  Granville,  but 
Lord  Grenville  ;  and  the  "  Matthews  " 
whose  "  at  home "  diverted  Dyott  in 
1834  was  clearly  not  Thomas  Matthews 
(1805-89),  but  Charles  Mathews,  the  elder. 


NEW    NOVELS. 


The  Explorer.     By  William  S.  Maugham- 
(Heinemann.) 

The  author  of  '  'Liza  cf  Lambeth  '  here 
proves  himself  capable  of  producing  a 
highly  intelligent  study  of  social  life 
without  touching  upon  the  slums.  We 
meet  only  people  who  frequent  fashion- 
able restaurants  and  large  country  houses  ; 
indeed,  their  weakness  for  restaurants 
and  entertainments  is  rather  surprising, 
in  view  of  the  other  more  refined  tastes 
which  most  of  them  possess.  The  story 
has  not  much  distinction ;  it  is  of  a 
familiar  type ;  but  it  is  remarkably 
interesting,  and  grows  upon  one.  The 
opening  chapters  drag  a  little,  and  the 
concluding  chapter  is  not  so  convincing 
as  it  should  be.  But  the  book  is  nowhere 
tiresome  ;  it  is  logical  and  shapely  ;  its 
characterization  draws  one  on.  Two  of 
the  leading  personages,  brother  and  sister, 
are  the  children  of  a  plausible  rascal, 
who  falls  from  the  position  of  a  wealthy 
country  gentleman  to  that  of  a  convicted 
felon.  The  daughter's  ambition  in  life 
centres  upon  her  brother's  career,  which 
she  hopes  will  wipe  out  the  stain  left  on 
their  name  by  the  father.  To  this  end 
she  induces  a  really  strong  man  to  take 
the  boy  in  hand,  and  give  him  a  share  in 
certain  stirring,  empire-building  work 
which  this  "  Explorer  "  of  the  title  is  doing 
in  Africa.  It  is  on  account  of  his  love 
for  the  sister  that  the  strong  man  en- 
deavours to  make  a  career  for  the  brother. 
His  attempt,  and  the  cruel  self-sacrifice 
it  involves,  give  the  tale  its  considerable 
dramatic  interest,  and  make  it  a  creditable 
novel  of  modern  life.  The  hero  repre- 
sents what  is,  perhaps,  the  finest  type  of 
man  that  these  islands  produce. 


Children's  Children.     By  Gertrude  Bone. 
(Duckworth  &  Co.) 

Mrs.  Bone's  tale  of  peasant  life  is  marked 
by  a  fine  quality  of  restraint  and  a 
remarkable  simplicity  which  make  the 
realism  of  its  tragedy  intensely  impressive  ; 
while  there  is  no  jarring  note  to  disturb 
the  effect.  That  it  is  an  unusual  piece  of 
work  is  due  also  to  her  sympathetic  use 
of  background.  The  pastoral  landscape 
with  its  trees  and  hedgerows,  and  the  land 
from  which  old  Jacob  Pyrah  extracts  a 
bare  living,  but  one  which  is  made  to 
serve  also  for  his  daughter  Tamar  and 
her  little  boys  when  they  come  back 
to  him,  seem  to  be  in  complete  harmony 
with,  and  to  be,  indeed,  a  part  of,  the 
very  lives  of  the  actors  in  this  humble 
and  most  moving  drama.  Old  Jacob's 
grief  when  the  little  grandsons  who  have 
securely  wound  themselves  about  his 
heart  are  drowned  is  as  essentially  true 
as  it  is  pathetic  : — 

"  Slower  than  Tamar  to  feel  the  anguish, 
the  old  man  grew  in  its  knowledge  each 
day.  It  was  not  the  untimely  end  of  a 
child — which  old  age  views  always  with 
slow  compassionate  tears,  as  of  one  to  whom 
toil  and  struggle  have  been  spared — but 
the  late  blossoming  of  hope  and  love  in  a 
scantily  blooming  life  now  barren  for  ever, 
that  Jacob  mourned." 

The  mother's  silent  despair  gives  way, 
before  she  soon  follows  her  children, 
to  the  natural  rebound  of  youth  ;  but, 
long  after,  the  grandfather  is  found 
weeping  silently  in  a  corner  of  his  field 
over  the  broken  eggs  in  a  shattered  bird's- 
nest.  The  minor  characters  cf  the  village 
life,  with  their  tragedies  and  comedies, 
are  also  drawn  with  fidelity.  The  same 
impression  of  truth  which  finds  its  inter- 
pretation in  a  dignified  simplicity  is 
equally  characteristic  of  Mr.  Bone' 4  draw- 
ings with  which  the  book  is  illustrated. 


The    Love   Story   of   Giraldus.     By    Alice 

Cunninghame.  (Francis  Griffiths.) 
The  author  has  selected  one  of  the  most 
interesting  women  in  English  history  as 
the  centre  round  which  her  story  should 
revolve  ;  and  if  she  has  not  plumbed  to 
the  utmost  the  depths  and  recesses  of 
the  character  of  Eleanor  of  Poitou,  wife 
of  Henry  II.,  it  is  because  her  story  plays 
rather  round  Giraldus  Cambrensis  — 
Gerald  the  Welshman — who  enters  the 
Church  when  he  has  lost  his  love,  as  he 
thinks,  for  ever.  We  have  in  the  course 
of  the  tale  a  series  of  vivid  pictures  of 
life  at  the  French  Court,  the  University 
of  Paris,  and  on  the  Welsh  Borders, 
the  details  being  carefully  studied  from 
contemporary  authorities.  If  the  work 
is,  as  we  believe,  a  first  novel,  it  is  a 
most  promising  volume,  with  a  sufficient 
degree  of  performance. 


Phantom     Figures.      By     F.     Dickberry. 

(F.  V.  White  &  Co.) 
This    account   of    an  attachment   which 
we    appear    to    be    expected    to    regard 
as    ideal    and    raised    above    the    reach 
of     mundane      passions     is     unusual    in 


structure.  The  young  and  lovely  vic- 
tim of  circumstances  which  postpone 
her  happiness  to  the  end  of  the  story  is  a 
subordinate  character,  the  part  of  leading 
lady  falling  to  her  mother,  a  fascinating 
widow,  old  enough  to  know  better  than 
to  jeopardize  her  daughter's  happiness 
and  forfeit  her  loving  confidence.  The 
only  character  worthy  to  be  styled  the 
hero  fills  the  subordinate  part  of  the 
widow's  unappreciated  lover.  A  sense 
of  honour  and  right  feeling,  apart  from 
any  code  of  laws  or  theory  of  morals, 
should  have  restrained  the  widow  and  the 
married  man  she  prefers  from  a  mundane 
intrigue  in  the  peculiar  circumstances. 
Thus  the  author's  efforts  to  make  them 
interesting  are  ineffective,  and  the  story 
is  in  proportion  unsatisfactory. 


The  Heart's  Banishment.     By  Ella  Mac- 
Mahon.     (Chapman  &  Hall.) 

A  negative  rather  than  a  positive 
impression  is  produced  by  this  story.  It 
is  not  well  written  nor  very  lively,  nor 
does  it  make  much  demand  on  one's 
imagination  or  intellect.  In  short,  it 
shows  little  to  compel  attention  or 
reflection.  Love,  religion,  and  the  stage 
are  not  in  themselves  uninteresting  topics  ; 
but  they  are  not  here  treated  with  the 
necessary  force  and  vitality  to  revive 
the  dead  bones. 


The  Progress  of  Hugh  Bendal.     By  Lionel 
Portman.     (Heinemann.) 

The  writer  of  'Varsity  stories  must  either 
be  content  to  range  within  the  narrow 
and  usually  uninspiring  field  of  under- 
graduate life,  into  which  love  enters  only 
in  the  form  of  canoe-courtship  or  in 
sordid  shape,  or,  if  he  admits  the  duel 
of  sex,  must  run  the  risk  of  destroying 
the  unity  of  his  work  and  misrepresent- 
ing boys  as  men.  Mr.  Dickinson  in 
'  Keddy,'  which  recently  achieved  such  a 
striking  success,  chose  the  former  of  these 
embarrasing  alternatives  ;  Mr.  Portman 
has  taken  the  latter,  and  has  on  the  whole 
surmounted  its  inherent  difficulties.  Hugh 
Rendal  himself,  whose  acquaintance 
readers  of  the  book  bearing  his  name 
have  made  already  at  school,  is  a  tho- 
roughly adequate  portrait  of  a  type 
which  is  fortunately  not  uncommon. 
Healthy,  humorous,  strong-willed,  sound 
in  instinct  no  less  than  in  wind  and  limb, 
his  development  from  "fresher"  to 
Indian  civilian  is  always  interesting.  The 
heroine,  who  finds  the  woman's  ambition 
to  play  a  serious  part  in  the  great  world 
more  easily  attainable  than  the  gill's 
ambition  to  row,  but  unsatisfying  in  the 
long  run,  belongs,  no  doubt,  to  a  less 
common  type,  but  is  equally  true  to  life. 
Rowing,  naturally,  occupies  no  Bmall 
part  of  the  book,  and  the  description  of 
the  'Varsity  race  from  the  point  of  view 

of  one  of  (he  Oxford  eight,  written  with 
the  authority  of  an  Old  Blue,  is  ex- 
tremely effective. 

9 


10 


t  ii  E    at  ii  E  x  -i:  r  m 


No.  U84,  Jan.  1.  1908 


The  Master  Beast,  1888  2020.     By  Horace 

\V.  C  Newte.    (Rebman.) 
In  this  orade and  violent  aovel  Mr.  Newte 
imagines    England    to    become,    through 

defects     in     the     policy     of     the     present 

Government,  a  prey  to  "base  Germany, 

blatant    in    guile,"   and   to   resume    its 

independence  under  Socialism.  Here  and 
there,  as  in  the  canonization  of  Mr.  Bernard 
Shaw,  a  flash  of  true  humour  brightens 
the  work  ;  and  here  and  there,  as  in  the 
poignant  description  of  the  wrongs  suffered 
by  literary  geniuses  under  Socialistic 
tyranny,  there  is  matter  deserving  the 
notice  of  thoughtful  Socialists.  For  the 
rest,  the  story  is  intensely  pessimistic. 
Englishmen  become  as  ferocious  as  Malays. 
Women  go  mad  at  the  appropriation  of 
their  babes  by  the  State  ;  lust  is  rampant, 
and  the  Father  of  the  People  is  a  villain. 
Mr.  Newte  forgets  the  vastness  of  the 
population  which  he  manipulates.  In 
the  year  2020  the  aristocracy  of  the 
intellect  should  be  sufficiently  numerous 
to  engraft  on  Socialism  the  principles  of 
intelligent  altruism.  It  may  be  that  the 
heaven  on  earth  depicted  by  William 
Morris  in  '  News  from  Nowhere  '  is  not 
realizable  by  carrying  out  his  own  Social- 
istic prescription  ;  but  if  Socialists  should 
continue  to  desire  heaven  to  be  on  earth 
they  would  discard  any  prescription  which 
resulted  in  disaster  or  disgrace. 


SOCIAL    PROBLEMS. 

The  Housing  Problem  in  England.  By 
Ernest  Ritson  Dewsnup.  (Manchester,  Uni- 
versity Press.) — The  writer  of  this  well- 
planned  treatise  on  the  housing  question, 
though  beholds  a  professorship  of  economics 
in  the  University  of  Chicago,  is  an  English- 
man by  birth,  and  has  enjoyed  peculiar 
opportunities  of  observing  the  problem  with 
which  he  deals  and  diagnosing  its  attend- 
ant evils.  His  experience  has  taught  him 
that  as  in  the  past  the  poorest  classes  of  the 
community — those  who  live  by  casual  or, 
at  best,  by  irregular  labour — have  clung  to 
the  central  areas  of  our  cities,  so  will  they, 
constrained  by  economic  necessity,  continue 
to  do  in  the  future.  Such  persons  cannot 
afford  to  reside  at  any  distance  from  their 
possible  work,  for  the  reason  that  they  have 
to  be  continually  on  the  watch  for  employ- 
ment, ready  to  stalk  it  down  as  soon  as  it 
shows  itself  on  their  limited  horizon.  Tins 
consideration  gives  point  to  the  writer's 
condemnation  of  any  and  every  dishousing 

J>olicy  which  does  not  include  full  provision 
or  rehousing.  Mr.  Dewsnup  traces  much 
overcrowding  in  the  larger  cities  to  the  past 
action  of  railway  companies,  which  until 
1885  made  no  serious  attempt  to  rehouse  the 
people  they  displaced,  and  in  some  cases, 
after  that  date,  sought  to  evade  responsi- 
bilities incurred  by  them  under  the  Model 
Clause. 

The  effects  of  overcrowding  upon  the 
infantile  death-rate  and  the  death-rate  from 
phthisis  are  well  shown  by  means  of  tables 
drawn  up  for  the  Administrative  County 
of  London.  In  many  urban  districts  of  the 
North  where  the  married  women  do  not, 
as  a  rule,  go  out  to  work  in  factories,  and  the 
infantile  mortality  rate  is,  nevertheless, 
only  a  little  below  that  obtaining  in  the 
textile  towns  of  Lancashire,  the  high  figures 
are  probably  due  to  excessive  overcrowd ing. 
It  is  not  in  the  largest  provincial  cities  that 
such    overcrowding    is    at    its    worst.      The 


highest  percentages  arc  reached,  not  by 
Liverpool,  Blanehester,  or  Birmingham,  but 
by  Gateshead,  South  Shields,  and  Tyne- 
mouth,  (We  note  thai  Mr,  Dewsnup  lias 
sr-estimated  the  number  of  pen  ons  in- 
habiting cellar-dwellings  in  Liverpool  at 
the  present  time,  giving  it  us  "more  than 

10,000."  According  to  the  most  recent 
information,  the  figures  should  he  (K.'J.'JT. ) 
It  is  satisfactory  to  learn  from  the  tables 
given  that  in  the  matter  of  overcrowding 
there  lias  been  steady,  if  not  rapid  improve- 
ment during  the  ten  years  between  1891 
and  1901. 

A  chapter  is  devoted   to  overhousing,  as 
distinct   from  overcrowding.     In  the  sketch 
of  the  development  of  the  problem,  attention 
is  drawn  to  the  varying  standards  set  up  for 
working-class   dwellings   by   different   muni- 
cipalities, and  particularly  to  the  action  of 
Leeds  in  encouraging  the  building  of  back- 
to-back    houses.     With    this    policy    might 
have    been    contrasted   that    of   other    town 
councils  in  the  North  and  North  Midlands. 
In  Bolton,  for  instance,  not  a  single  house 
of  this  type,  we  believe,  now  exists.     Mr. 
Dewsnup  is  not  in  favour  of  municipal  house 
ownership,  nor,  except  in  case  of  absolute 
necessity  or  for  the  purposes  of  an  object- 
lesson,  of  house-building  by  the  local  autho- 
rity ;    but  he  would  like  municipalities  to 
"  use ....  their    power    of    securing    capital 
cheaply  for  the  benefit  of  organizations  and 
individuals  desirous  of  erecting  "   dwellings 
for  working  people,  and  quotes  Mr.  Horsfall 
in    support    of    his  view.     In  discouraging 
municipal  purchase  of  vacant  sites  he  omits 
to   state   the   strongest   argument   for   such 
purchase — the    bringing    into    the    building 
market    of    land    which,    even    in    face    of 
housing  need,  might  be  "  held  for  the  rise." 
There    are    some    interesting    pages    on 
"  town-planning  "    as    practised    under    the 
general  building  law  of  Saxony  and  other 
German  States  ;   and  on  rural  overcrowding, 
for  which  Mr.  Dewsnup  would  find  a  remedy 
in  active  supervision  of  houses  by  the  County 
Council,  and  the  appointment  of  travelling 
inspectors  of  health.     The  value  of  the  book, 
which    is    considerable,    would    have    been 
much  increased  by  an  orderly  and  complete 
analysis  of  the  Housing  Act  of  1890.     Fami- 
liarity with   the  provisions   of  that   Act  is 
not  so  common  as  Mr.  Dewsnup  appears  to 
suppose. 

The  Licensed  Trade.     By  Edwin  A.  Pratt. 
(John  Murray.) — The  author  of  '  Licensing 
and  Temperance   in   Sweden,   Norway,   and 
Denmark  '    has    here    stated    the    case    for 
"  the  trade  "  with  ability  and  moderation. 
He   has,   moreover,    written   a   book   which 
may  be  read  with  interest  by  persons  who 
espouse   neither   the   causo   of   the   brewers 
nor  of  the  United  Kingdom  Alliance.     His 
short  history  of  intoxicants  from  the  earliest 
times   is   well   done,    though   a   good   many 
people  will  cavil  at  its  classification  of  tea 
and  coffee  with  beer  and  spirits.     But  Mr. 
Pratt    writes   frankly  as   an   advocate,   and 
does  not  invariably  overcome  the  temptation 
to  strain  a  point  which  makes  for  his  cause 
or  to  evade  one  likely  to  create  a  hitch  in 
the    flow   of   his   argument.     Thus   it  is  no 
answer  to  those  who  show  that,  under  the 
Samlag    system,    the    average    number    of 
arrests   for   drunkenness   in   Christiania   has 
declined  from   111   per   1,000  in   1897  to  43 
in   1905,  to  retort   that   43  per   1,000  repre- 
sents  an   average   far   higher   than   that   in 
London,  Liverpool,  Manchester,  or  Glasgow  : 
the  fact  remains  that  a  remarkable  decrease 
has  been  effected  in  Christiania.     Again,  it 
is  doubtful  whether  the  mineral-water  trade 
is  "  mainly,"  or  even  largely,  "  indebted  to 
the    teetotal    campaign  "    for    its    growing 
prosperity  ;     fashion,    medical    and    social, 
and   a   certain    unexplained    change   of   our 


national    taste    in     ben  havi 

powerful     factor-,     in     fTfWtinfl     its     pn 

position.  And  why  does  Mr.  1'ratt  write 
that  "  if  the  holder  of  the  lioeoOO  I-  Convicted 

of  breaking  the  law,  it  may  be  only  right 

that  Ii'-  should  he  pum  bed  !  Why 
Suggest  that  the  licence-holder  has  some 
undefined     right     to    stand     on     a    different 

footing  from  the  ordinary  law-breaker  1 
These  reflections  wfl]  certainly  occur  to  any 
unprejudiced  reader  of  Mr.  Pratt's  book. 
Such  a  reader  will,  however,  probably 
approve  his  fundamental  position,  and  agiee 
with  him  in  refusing  to  regard  temperance 
as  synonymous  with  total  abstinence. 

The  chapter  on  licensing  legislation — a 
body  of  laws  exhibiting  at  its  worst  the 
British  habit  of  proceeding  by  piecemeal 
enactment  to  confusion — and  that  on  com- 
pensation and  the  time-limit,  are  clearly 
written  and  may  be  easily  read  ;  the  latter 
is,  necessarily,  highly  controversial  in  tone. 
In  dealing  with  the  failure  of  prohibition  in 
America — where  the  number  of  Prohibition 
States  has  now  fallen  from  seventeen  to 
three — Mr.  Pratt  has  diawn  upon  the  report 
of  Mr.  Lindsay,  Secretary  to  the  British 
Embassy  at  Washington,  on  '  Liquor- 
Traffic  Legislation  in  the  United  States,' 
and  on  a  recent  account  of  '  A  Temperance 
Town '  by  Mr.  E.  N.  Bennett,  M.P.  We 
have  not  been  able  to  find  anjr  reference  to 
the  proved  increase  of  drinking  to  excess 
among  women,  nor  yet  to  the  question  of 
excluding  children  under  a  certain  age  from 
public-houses.  It  would  have  been  interest- 
ing to  know  the  author's  views  on  these 
points. 

In   the   field    of   State   interference    with 
employment  most  of  the  nations  have  now 
effected   by   legislation   all   that   is   obvious 
to    their    students    and    generally    accepted 
by  their  public.     The  most  difficult  problems 
remain,   and   among  them   those   connected 
with    poverty    and    under-payment    of    the 
less-skilled  workers.      It  is  easy  to  ridicule 
the   universal   wish   to    ascertain  the   exact 
facts  by  repeated  and  minute  inquiry,  for 
such  inquiry  may  be  held  to  waste  valuable 
time ;     it    leads    to    no    definite    proposals, 
and  may  be  thought  by  ardent  reformers 
to  be  the  official  means  of  obstruction  of  the 
changes  which  they  desire.     On  the  other 
hand,   the  reformers  are  apt  to  make  use 
of  examples   which   are   exceptional   rather 
than  normal,  and  of  figures  not  based  upon 
statistical  science.     Thus  the  sweating  pro- 
blem is  held  b\r  the  great  officials  who  advise 
the  Governments  of  Austria  and  of  Germany 
not  to  be  susceptible  of  scientific  treatment 
by    the    law.     They    shrink    from    effective 
legislation  in  which  they  themselves  do  not 
believe.     In  Paris  a  prolonged  research  has 
produced  three  great  volumes  in  which  all 
the    facts    with    regard    to    outwork    and 
homework  in  the  capital  of  France  are  set 
forth  :     the   first   appears   this   week.     The 
department  concerned  looks  forward  to  the 
possibility     of     meeting     the     demand     for 
legislation   likely   to   follow'   the   appearance 
of  the  report,   of  necessity  sensational,   by 
the  passing  of  a  law  to  require  returns  of  the 
addresses    of    all    to    whom    homework    is 
given    by    employers.     What    is    to    follow 
the   returns   is   as   obscure   in   France   as   it 
still   is   in   most   countries   except   Australia 
and  New  Zealand.     The  inquiries  for  which 
opinion   calls  are  as  a  rule  well   executed. 
As   we  praised   the  work   of  Mr.    Rowntree 
at  York  and  of  Miss  Mona  Wilson  at  Dundee, 
so   we   welcome   for   its  accuracy   and   com- 
pleteness   the   volume    entitled    West    Ham, 
compiled  by  Mr.  Edward  G.  Howarth  and 
Miss    Wilson,    and    published    by    Messrs. 
Dent  &  Co. 

York  was  shown  by  Mr.  Rowntree  to  be 
typical    of    a    large    class    of    towns.     West 


No.  4184,  Jan.  4,  1908 


THE     ATHENAEUM 


11 


Ham,  on  the  contrary,  affords  an  extreme 
example  of  difficulties  to  be  met  with  in 
many  industrial  districts,  but  hardly  any- 
where with  such  circumstances  of  aggrava- 
tion of  evils  easily  understood.  Where 
growth  of  population  is  rapid,  and  all  are 
poor,  certain  public  services  are  the  only 
services  existing,  for  they  are  not  supple- 
mented by  similar  institutions,  maintained 
out  of  private  funds.  Neither  in  these 
cases  are  there  old  endowments.  Taking 
the  education  problem,  for  example,  all  the 
children  attend  the  Board  schools,  now 
managed  directly  in  West  Ham  by  the 
borough.  The  repayment  of  capital  and 
interest  upon  buildings  for  school  purposes 
as  well  as  upon  destruction  of  insanitary 
property  with  rehousing,  upon  streets, 
and  upon  Poor  Law  buildings,  forms  a 
terrific  burden  upon  the  young  and  desti- 
tute community.  The  local  authorises 
incur  unpopularity,  in  part,  at  least,  un- 
deserved ;  and  local  government  is  apt  to 
fall  into  a  confusion  which  promotes  corrup- 
tion and  increases  every  evil.  It  may  almost 
be  said  that  on  two  occasions  a  special  law 
has  been  passed  to  meet  the  West  Ham  case, 
so  greatly  did  each  of  two  Acts  of  Parliament 
benefit  West  Ham  as  compared  with  the 
advantage  given  to  other  places.  Never- 
theless, the  difficulties,  in  part  dealt  with, 
continue  to  bo  greater  than  those  existing 
in  any  other  portion  of  the  land.  The 
authors  of  the  volume  before  us  are  within 
the  mark  in  their  explanation  that  the 
enormous  rates  of  West  Ham  are  chiefly  to 
be  accounted  for  by  matters  as  wholly 
outside  the  control  of  the  authorities  as  is 
the  high  percentage  of  children  of  school 
age  and  the  enormous  percentage  of  these 
who  resort  to  public  elementary  schools. 
If  it  was  useful  to  have  a  book  on  the 
average  case  of  York,  it  is  still  more  advan- 
tageous to  the  legislator  to  possess  an 
equally  careful  volume  upon  the  extreme 
case  presented  by  West  Ham.  Fluctuations 
of  employment  are  specially  great  in  a  town 
not  distant  from  the  docks.  West  Ham 
is  in  a  high  degree  a  town  of  casual  labour, 
and,  for  a  working-class  community,  in  a 
small  degree  inhabited  by  the  highly  paid 
skilled  artisan.  The  authors  are  not  wedded 
to  the  views  of  the  economists  or  to  those 
of  the  officials,  but,  nevertheless,  point  out 
the  harm  that  has  been  done  in  the  past, 
and  will  bo  done  in  the  future,  by  palliatives 
for  distress,  such  as  work  provided  by  the 
labour  yard,  and  help  given  by  the  Church 
Army  and  similar  organizations. 

There  are  matters  dealt  with  in  this 
book  which  lie  outside  the  statistics  that 
form  its  main  contents.  Many  will  turn 
to  its  pages  dealing  with  the  religious  com- 
munities represented  in  this  district  of 
the  working  class  closely  adjoining  London. 
The  Roman  Catholic  population  is  smaller 
than  might  be  expected  ;  the  Nonconformist 
Protestant  population  far  larger  than  we 
should  have  looked  for  in  the  neighbour- 
hood of  London.  The  Church  of  England 
appears  to  be  distanced  by  the  other  bodies, 
although  tables  based  on  church  attendance 
cannot,  of  course,  bo  trusted  to  produce  an 
accurate  statistical  result.  The  enormous 
number  of  Baptist  and  Methodist  chapels  is 
to  a  certain  extent  to  be  explained  by  the 
smallness  of  some  of  the  places  of  worship 
included  in  the  tables  ;  but  it  is  striking, 
and  shows  far  more  activity  in  Protestant 
Nonconformity  in  the  home  counties  than 
is  commonly  admitted. 

We  are  not  sure  what  the  authors  mean 
when  they  describe  emigration  as  being 
"  one  of  the  most  popular "  "  among 
remedies  for  unemployment."  "  Popular," 
we  would  ask,  with  whom  ?     Not,  certainly, 


with  the  authorized  representatives  of  the 
working-class  population. 

The  Triumph  of  Woman  (Ambrose  Com- 
pany) is  the  first  of  four  essays  by  George 
Barlow  which  bear  with  more  or  less  rele- 
vancy on  an  engrossing  phase  of  the  evolution 
of  our  period.  It  attempts  to  fathom  the 
significance  of  the  feminine  element  in  poetry 
and  to  illustrate  the  "  central  truth  "  pro- 
claimed by  Mr.  Swinburne  in  his  article 
on  '  Tennyson  and  Musset,'  that  great  poets 
are  bi-sexual.  The  second  essay  '  The 
Divineness  of  the  Human,'  emphasizes 
the  importance  of  recognizing  the  essential 
divineness  of  womanhood,  and  foreshadows 
an  increasing  apprehension  of  the  link  be- 
tween the  Christ  and  the  feminine  element 
in  the  universe.  In  '  The  Fall  of  Woman,' 
which  has  already  appeared  in  The  Con- 
temporary Review,  the  author  is  found  side 
by  side  with  certain  theologians  in  the 
belief  that  the  fall  of  woman  poetically 
described  in  the  Book  of  Genesis  may  be  no 
mere  legend,  but  the  most  significant  fact 
of  all  history.  An  essay  on  anti-vivisection, 
also  a  reprint,  concludes  a  book  of  which 
the  value  must  not  be  judged  by  its  size, 
and  which  should  be  approached  with  due 
sympathy  and  understanding. 


OUR    LIBRARY   TABLE. 

Messrs.  Smith,  Elder  &  Co.  publish 
Lord  Wantage,  V.C.,  by  his  wife — a  record 
of  a  blameless  and  useful,  but  not  very 
interesting  life.  Col.  Loyd-Lindsay  was  a 
strong  Conservative,  though  his  acceptance 
of  Free  Trade  and  rejection  of  taxation 
upon  grain  aie  well  set  forth  on  p.  277. 
In  one  matter  alone  did  he  show  much 
statesmanship  and  foresight.  It  was  pointed 
out  during  the  Boer  War  that  Loyd-Lind- 
say had  seen  from  an  early  date  in  the 
Volunteer  movement,  of  which  he  was  the 
sanest  leader,  that  it  was  impossible  to 
justify  the  popular  belief  that  the  Volunteers 
were  intended  for  home  defence.  At  a  time 
when  most  critics  of  the  War  Office  aimed 
at  providing  the  Volunteers  with  an  organiza- 
tion suitable  for  operations  in  England, 
Loyd-Lindsay  repeatedly  showed  the  in- 
expediency of  restricting  "  so  vast  a  body 
of  armed  men  to  the  possible  single  emer- 
gency of  invasion."  "He  advised  the 
utilization  of  the  force  as  a  feeder  to  "  the 
regular  army.  On  the  other  hand,  he  ^rew 
from  the  Boer  War  the  same  deductions, 
universally  thought  to  be  erroneous  by 
continental  masters  of  the  art  of  war, 
which  better-known  British  soldiers  put 
before  the  country.  The  rejection  of  the 
importance  of  individual  skill  in  marksman- 
ship, universal  in  continental  armies,  is, 
however,  in  part  founded  upon  consideration 
of  the  kind  of  war  in  which  continental 
armies  engage,  as  contrasted  with  our  small 
wars,  hitherto  almost  peculiar  to  ourselves. 
Another  comparison  of  wars  is  suggested 
by  the  account  given  of  the  unwillingness 
of  the  allied  commanders  in  the  Crimea 
to  attempt  an  attack  on  the  north  side 
of  Sebastopol.  Loyd-Lindsay  describes  the 
position,  and  ends  his  account  of  it.  by 
noting,  in  his  letter  written  afer  the 
conclusion  of  peace,  how  "  we  found  Lord 
Rokeby  sitting  and  evidently  reflecting 
upon  the  amount  of  nonsense  he  had  talked 
for  the  last  six  months,  for  he  was  the  great 
advocate  for  storming  the  heights."  That 
the  destruction  of  the  fortification  on  the 
north  side  might  have  been  useless  can 
hardly  be  pleaded  by  any  except  thoae  who 
think  the  whole  invasion  of  the  Crimea  a 
mistake.  The  modern  view  of  the  best 
military    historians    is,   perhaps,    that    the 


allies  would  have  done  well  to  make  peace 
after  the  success  of  their  policy  obtained 
by  the  withdrawal  of  the  Russians  from 
European  Turkey.  When  it  was  decided 
to  continue  the  war,  the  case  was  strong 
for  carrying  it  to  an  end  more  successful 
than  had  been  reached  at  the  time  of  the 
signature  of  the  treaty  of  1856.  The  case 
for  the  other  side  is  that  the  French  had 
made  friends  with  Russia  and  would  not 
go  on.  But  this  is  a  political,  and  not  a 
military  case,  whereas  the  arguments  of 
Lord  Wantage  aie  based  in  part  on  strategy, 
but  principally  on  tactics.  The  passage 
reads  as  though  he  thought  that  a  British 
army  could  not  be  expected  to  execute  an 
operation  far  less  dangerous  than  that 
cheerfully  undertaken  by  the  Japanese 
on  several  separate  occasions  at  Port 
Arthur.  Sir  William  Russell's  diaries,  con- 
taining the  things  which  he  could  not  say 
at  the  moment  in  his  letters  to  The  Times, 
show  that  a  large  portion  of  the  long-service 
troops  who  fought  in  the  Crimea  were  far 
from  displaying  the  courage  of  their  prede- 
cessors of  the  Peninsula  campaign.  Loyd- 
Lindsay's  letters  confirm  this  later  impres- 
sion ;  and  it  is  clear  that  the  advance  up 
the  slope  at  the  Alma  was  unnecessary, 
and  also  far  from  brilliant.  The  line 
battalion  to  which  was  accorded  the  highest 
credit  at  the  time  "  broke "  or  bolted, 
and  Loyd-Lindsay's  own  Victoria  Cross 
represents  a  gallantry  on  the  part  of  the 
officers  and  sergeants  of  the  Guards  not 
conspicuous  in  the  case  of  the  men  of  one 
of  the  battalions. 

Allied  operations  are  always  unsatisfac- 
tory. The  French,  protected  by  the  guns 
of  their  fleet,  were  as  certain  to  cause  the 
withdrawal  of  the  Russian  army  from  their 
position  above  the  Alma  as  were  the  Japanese 
to  defeat  the  Russians  at  the  Yalu.  The 
British  army  claimed  its  share,  and  at 
the  Alma,  as  afterwards  at  the  Redan, 
the  French  enjoyed  a  triumph  which  they 
hardly  felt  that  the  British  deserved  to  share. 
At  Balaclava  the  cavalry,  and  at  Inkermann 
the  Guards,  fought  well  ;  but  in  both  cases 
we  were  ultimately  indebted  to  the  French 
for  our  security.  There  is  this  to  be  said — 
that  the  numbers  of  the  British  troops  in 
the  Crimean  expedition  were  always  insuffi- 
cient for  their  task. 

In  later  years  Loyd-Lindsay  played  a 
great  part  in  hospital  organization  for  war, 
but  his  letters  illustrate  the  plain  truth 
that  volunteer  Red  Cross  efforts  wero 
always  apt  to  be  too  late  or  to  be  directed 
to  the  wrong  places.  We  find,  for  example, 
in  the  report  of  Capt.  Douglas  Galton  on 
the  war  of  1870  that  "  all  the  field  hos- 
pitals, &c,  round  Nancy  and  that  district 
are  beautifully  organized,  but  not  a  single 
wounded  soldier  in  them."  Loyd-Lindsay's 
prejudices  appear  somewhat  amusingly  from 
time  to  time  in  the  pages  of  this  volume. 
When  he  crossed  France  to  Versailles  during 
the  siege  of  Paris  he  complains  that  "the 
Francs-Tircurs  interfere  most  abominably 
— they  stopped  twentj'  of  the  horses  last 
night."  The  demands  of  war  were  as 
urgent  on  the  Prussian  as  on  the  French 
side,  and  the  Geneva  Convention  frequently 
went  by  the  board.  It  was  not  always, 
moreover,  used  with  care.  Bismarck  dis- 
liked allowing  Loyd  -  Lindsay  to  go  into 
Paris,  and  told  him  that  there  was  this 
objection  to  increasing  the  number  of  flags 
of  truee,  already  made  too  great  by  the 
insistence  of  the  American  Ministei  in  Paris, 
Mr.  Washburn,  on  his  daily  mail,  namely. 
"  that  a  trumpeter  was  generally  used  up 
on     each      occasion."      Bismarck     was     not 

wrong  in  his  apprehensions,  for  Loyd- 
Lindsay  records  how  he  "  brought  home  a 
large  portmanteau  full  of  letters—  hundreds 


12 


T  II  E     ATH  KX.KUM 


No.  4184,  Jan.  4.  1908 


of  (hem,  which  I  posted  at  onee  private 
letters,  ( Government  despatches,"  >\e. 

Shah  stent's    Sonnets,    and    A     Lover's 
Complaint.     With    introduction  by  W.   H.  | 
Hadow.     (Oxford,    Clarendon    Press.) — Tho 

Sonnets    can     seldom     have     worn     a     more 

oomely  dress  than  in  this  admirable  reprint 
of  the  original  quarto  in  which  thoy  were 
first  given  to  the  world  in  1G09.  The  volume, 
which  belongs  to  "  The  Tudor  and  Stunrt 
Library,"  calls  forth  tho  admiration  of  tho 
booklover  by  its  excellent  paper,  fair  old 
type,  and  elegantly  simple  binding  no  less 
than  the  gratitude  of  the  student  for  its 
text.  -Mr.  W.  II.  Hadow  contributes  an 
eloquent  and  sympathetic  Introduction, 
wisely  directing  his  criticism  for  the  most 
part  to  the  more  general  aspect  of  the 
poems.  We  gather  that  he  inclines  to  the 
William  Herbert  and  Mary  Fitton  theory, 
and  would  date  the  Sonnets  between  1597 
and  1599  ;  but  while  he  regards  them  as 
biographical,  ho  strongly  deprecates  any 
literal  acceptation  of  their  contents.  "  That 
the  events  took  place  as  they  are  here 
depicted,"  he  asserts  with  perhaps  excessive 
emphasis,  "  is  not  a  matter  of  possible 
belief  "  ;  and  he  prefers  the  more  modest 
supposition  that  Shakspeare  "  at  some  time 
of  his  life  saw  friendship  and  passion  on  either 
side  of  him,  and  allowed  his  imagination 
to  trace  each  to  its  furthest  conceivable 
point."  The  basis  of  reality  may  be  rather 
more  substantial  than  is  implied  in  such  a 
remark  ;  but  Mr.  Hadow  is,  in  the  present 
reviewer's  opinion,  right  in  insisting  "  that 
the  Sonnets,  though  lyric,  have  a  dramatic 
basis,  and  that  Shakespeare's  true  self  is 
revealed  not  in  the  story  which  they  narrate, 
but  in  the  judgments  on  life  and  love  which 
they  contain." 

Adonis,  Attis,  Osiris.  By  J.  G.  Frazer. 
Second  Edition.  (Macmillan  &  Co.) — We 
congratulate  the  learned  author  on  reaching 
a  second  edition  of  this  book  so  quickly, 
and  also  on  the  diligence  with;which  he  has 
revised  and  enlarged  it.  Two  new  sources 
of  information  are  utilized  :  Kubary's 
curious  book  on  the  manners  of  the  Pelew 
Islanders,  and  Major  Gordon  on  the  Khasis 
of  Assam.  Both  peoples  are  only  primitive 
savagos,  and  have  not  only  the  well-known 
Mutterrecht,  but  also  the  wholly  different 
importance  of  women  in  society,  for  which 
Dr.  Frazer  gives  many  ingenious  reasons. 
We  will  not  repeat  what  we  said  in  our 
notice  of  his  first  edition,  but  think  he  might 
spend  a  page  in  defending  or  illustrating 
the  curious  position  that  "  while  the  higher 
forms  of  religious  faith  pass  away  like  clouds, 
the  lower  stand  firm  and  indestructible  like 
rocks." 

The  Literary  Man's  Bible.  By  W.  L. 
Courtney.  (Chapman  &  Hall.) — Mr.  Court- 
ney tells  us  that  what  he  should  like  to  do 
is  "  to  give  back  the  Bible  to  thoughtful  men, 
who,  owing  to  a  variety  of  circumstances, 
are  not  able  to  appreciate,  or  have  ceased 
to  appreciate,  its  unparalleled  value "  ; 
and  he  adds  that  "  this  book  is  not  intended 
to  appeal  to  accomplished  Biblical  students, 
but  rather  to  the  man  of  literary  tastes 
and  sympathies,  who  desires  to  know  some 
reasons  why  ho  should  respect  and  admire 
tho  sacrod  Books  of  Israel."  In  treating 
the  Old  Testament  as  literature  Mr.  Courtney 
follows  in  the  steps  of  such  writers  as  Dr. 
R.  G.  Moulton,  but  in  printing  tho  numerous 
passages  he  has  selected  ho  walks  by  himself. 
Whatever  may  be  said  of  the  idea  of  selec- 
tions, and  also  of  tho  need  for  tho  inclusion 
of  cortain  passages  or  verses  omitted, 
this  may  be  granted,  that  it  is  valuable 
to  havo  tho  Old  Testament  edited  for 
literary    purposes    by    a    man    of    cultured 


taste.  Elusion  acknowledged  his  debt  to 
tho  stylo  of  the  Authorized  Version,  and 
enumerated    certain    chapters    in    the    Old 

and    New    Testaments    Wnich    had    specially 

influenced  him.  Mr.  Courtney's  book  is 
not  a  small  one,  and  it  ;  very  size  is  proof, 
according  to  his  judgments,  QOl  only  of 
tho  excellence  of  tho  style  of  the  translate 
but  also  of  tho  literary  art  of  the  authors. 
Tho  historical,  prophetical,  poetical,  and 
"wisdom"  writings  of  the  Old  Tostamont 
aro  given  in  selections,  and  these  writings 
illustrate  the  high  standard  of  excellence 
to  which  the  men  of  Israel  had  attained. 
Short  introductory  essays  are  furnished 
by  Mr.  Courtney  on  such  subjects  as  '  The 
Composite  Structure  of  the  Bible,'  '  The 
Origins  of  Hebraic  Culture  in  Babylon,' 
and  '  Wisdom  Literature  and  tho  Hellenic 
Spirit  '  ;  and  these  are,  of  course,  intended 
to  help  tho  man  of  literary  tastes  to  an 
understanding  of  the  composition  of  the 
books.  It  may  be  asked,  however,  why 
Mr.  Courtney  places  the  reign  of  King 
Hammurabi  in  the  year  2500  B.C.  Experts 
are  not  able  to  specify  a  definite  date  for 
the  beginning  of  that  reign  ;  but  there  is,  we 
think,  no  evidence  for  any  year  before  2250. 

Sir  Oawain  and  the  Lady  of  Lys.  Trans- 
lated by  Jessie  L.  Weston.  Illustrated  by 
M.  M.  Williams.  (Nutt.)— Miss  Weston 
gives  us  here  two  more  Gawain  stories  from 
the  manuscripts.  They  are  a  fuller  version 
of  the  Middle  English  '  Gawayne  and 
Golagros.'  The  style  of  the  translation 
is  perhaps  a  little  too  near  the  original  to 
be  very  popular,  but  the  stories  are  good  ; 
the  fighting  is  authentic,  described  by  men 
who  had  seen  the  "  real  thing  "  ;  and  the 
books  are  very  pretty.  We  can  recommend 
them  to  those  seeking  to  satisfy  their  own 
consciences  while  giving  an  interesting 
present.  A  little  patience  will  be  amply 
repaid.  Perhaps,  as  in  Mr.  Joseph  Jacobs's 
fairy-tale  books,  the  prefaces  should  be 
put  at  tho  end.  The  character  of  Kay  is 
rather  late  for  the  stage  of  development 
at  which  Miss  Weston  would  put  this 
Gawain  story. 

British  Freeicomcn  :  their  Historical  Privi- 
lege. By  Charlotte  Carmichael  Stopes. 
Third  Edition.  (Sonnenschein.) — This  book 
covers  a  wide  period,  reaching  from  the  days 
of  Cartismandua  and  Boadicea  to  the  passing 
in  August  last,  of  the  Acts  for  qualifying 
women  for  election  to  County  and  Borough 
Councils.  It  deals  with  the  legal,  and 
sometimes  also  the  social,  position  of 
the  queen  regnant  on  the  tlirone,  the 
queen  consort  in  the  palace,  the  peeress 
in  the  castle,  the  county  lady  in  the  manor 
house,  the  trading  woman  in  the  shop,  the 
craftswoman  in  the  gild,  the  girl  in  the 
factory,  and  the  working  woman  in 
the  home.  The  book  is  noteworthy  for 
the  wide  range  of  its  sources.  Mrs.  Stopes 
has  vkited  the  British  Museum  and  the 
Record  Office,  and  she  offers  sound 
evidence  for  her  discoveries.  Here  the 
reader  has  access  to  books,  ancient  rolls, 
charters,  and  MSS.,  which  few  have  the 
patience  to  read,  or  the  knowledge  to  under- 
stand. It  is  from  such  stores  of  knowledge 
that  Mrs.  Stopes  shows  us  how  English- 
women have  been  queens  regnant,  queens 
consort,  queens  regent,  peeresses  in  their 
own  right,  and  the  bestowers  of  peerages  on 
their  husbands  ;  how  some  of  them  have 
been  knights,  and  one  of  them  a  baronet. 
Mrs.  Stopes  tells,  too,  how  noblo  English 
ladies  have  held  the  offices  of  High  Sheriff, 
Earl  Marshal,  High  Constable,  and  many 
another  ;  and  how  Englishwomen  of  humbler 
rank  have  been  overseers  of  the  poor, 
sextons,  churchwardens,  and  one  at  least 
a  parish  clerk.     We  are  told  that  women  sat 


in  the  Saxon  witenagemotK,  and  in  a  council 
of  the  realm  which  was  summoned  by  King 
Edward  I.  in  1306  to  impose  a  tax  ;  also 
bow  they  voted  by  their  attorneys  in  tho 
election  of  knights  of  the  shire  for  Yorkshire 
in  1411  and  1411.  The  author  pursues  thk 
part  of  her  subject  through  the  famous 
old  cases  of  Dame  Dorothy  Paekington  and 
the  borough  of  Aylesbury,  and  Dame 
Elizabeth  Copley  and  the  borough  of 
Gatton,  down  to  tho  case  of  Chorlton  v. 
Lingfl  and  the  other  case.-,  decided  by  the 
Court  of  Common  Pleas  in  18G8.  To  the 
last  cases  Mrs.  Stopes  devotes  six  pages, 
which  will  be  of  great  value  to  those  who 
have  not  access  to  the  law  reports.  Not- 
withstanding that  Mrs.  Stores  is  herself 
a  Scotchwoman,  she  tells  us  very  little  of 
the  women  of  Scotland,  or  of  Wales,  Ireland, 
and  the  Isle  of  Man. 

The  parts  of  the  book  which  bear  on  the 
history  of  our  laws  and  constitution  are 
among  the  most  interesting,  and  it  would 
have  been  a  pleasure  to  discuss  some  of  them, 
but  want  of  space  forbids.  In  conclusion, 
we  must  add  that  this  new  edition  contains 
much  fresh  matter,  including  a  chapter  on 
the  changes  which  have  taken  place  since 
the  former  editions  of  1894  ;  an  index, 
the  want  of  which  has  been  greatly  felt  ; 
and  fuller  references  to  authorities.  There- 
fore even  those  who  possess  a  copy  of  a 
previous  edition  will  do  well  to  get  this  new 
one.  In  view  of  another  edition,  we  may 
note  that  on  p.  11,  1.  2  from  the  bottom,  for 
"  Comiti "  we  should  read  Canuti  ;  and  on 
p.  15,  1.  10,  "  Episcopus  "  should  be  Epis- 
copis. 

In  the  luxurious  "  National  Edition  " 
of  Dickens  Vols.  XXVI.  and  XXVII.  are 
occupied  by  Christmas  Stories,  Vol.  XXVIII. 
by  A  Tale  of  Two  Cities,  and  Vol.  XXIX. 
by  Great  Expectations.  The  '  Christmas 
Stories  '  from  Household  Words  and  All  the 
Year  Round  are  of  varying  quality,  seldom 
showing  Dickens  at  his  best,  and  they  did 
not  inspire  the  artists  who  illustrated  them 
to  any  great  efforts.  Marcus  Stone  is  the 
artist  in  '  Great  Expectations,'  and  con- 
tributes one  picture  (of  Lucy  Manette  and 
her  father  in  prison)  to  '  A  Tale  of  Two 
Cities.'  Though  in  no  way  clumsy,  Mr. 
Stone's  pictures  have  never  impressed  us 
as  memorable.  The  frontispiece,  which 
shows  a  heavily  bearded  i'  Pip  '  "  With 
Estella  after  all,"  emphasizes  Dickens's 
yielding  to  popular  sentiment  in  joining 
a  couple  who/were  not  really  meant  to  come 
together.  An  artist  has  not  appreciated  his 
opportunities  who  has  missed  out  Jaggers, 
Wemmick,  and  Pumblechook.  In  '  A  Tale 
of  Two  Cities  '  Phiz  revels  in  the  queer 
characters,  and  is  good  in  the  scenes  crowded 
with  figures. 

Thr  first  volume  has  just  appeared  of 
The  Works  of  Tennyson,  "  annotated  by 
Alfred,  Lord  Tennyson,  fdited  by  Hallam, 
Lord  Tennyson."  This  issue  is  the  latest 
addition  to  "  The  Eversley  Series "  (Mac- 
millan), which  adds  for  us  a  new  charm 
evon  to  familiar  classics.  Lord  Tennyson 
here  gives  us  a  first  instalment  of  the 
early  poems.  The  frontispiece  is  an 
admirable  sketch  in  red  of  Tennyson 
by  G.  F.  Watts.  TI16  Appendix  contains 
'  Timbuctoo  '  ;  some  suppressed  poems  ; 
Tennyson's  own  notes,  which  are  usually 
brief,  pungent,  and  to  the  point ;  and 
a  few  others,  provided  by  the  present 
editor  or  friends.  Of  these  Edward  Fitz- 
Gerald's  are  the  most  interesting.  The 
ordinary  reader  of  Tennyson  will  be  grateful 
for  so  much  matter  of  undoubted  authen- 
ticity in  an  agreeable  form,  but  the  expert 
student  will  think  that  the  notes  might 
easily  havo  been  improved.     Pi  of.  Churton 


No.  4184,  Jan.  4,  1908 


THE    ATHENiEUM 


VI 


Collins  and  other  scholars  have  elucidated 
many  points.  Wo  see  no  harm  at  this  date 
in  dotting  a  few  of  the  "*'&."  Thus  the 
original  of  '  A  Character  '  is  described  by 
FitzGerald  in  the  note  appended  as  "  a  very 
plausible,  parliament-like,  and  self-satisfied 
speaker  at  the  Union  Debating  Society  " 
(at  Cambridge).  We  might  add  Grant 
Duff's  comment : — 

"Sunderland  sat  for  this  '  character '—a  most 
extraordinary  and  brilliant  person,  who  lost  his 
reason,  and  ended,  I  have  been  told,  in  believing 
himself  to  be  the  Almighty." 
Thackeray  wrote  ('  Pendennis,'  "  Biogra- 
phical Edition,'  p.  xxiv)  : — 

•'  The  hero  of  the  Union  retired  with  a  diminished 
head  before  Cookesley.  His  name  is  Sunderland, 
and  he  is  certainly  a  most  delightful  speaker,  but 
he  is  too  fond  of  treating  us  with  draughts  of  Tom 
Paine." 

In  '  A  Dirge  '  the  "  long  purples  of  the  dale  " 
are  given  as  Vicia  cracca,  the  purple  vetch. 
This  differentiates  them  from  the  "  long 
purples"  of  'Hamlet,'  which  have  been  the 
subject  of  dispute  in  our  columns,  but  are 
not  considered  by  any  critic,  botanical  or 
other,  so  far  as  we  know,  to  be  vetches. 

Old  memories  of  Gaboriau  are  pleasantly 
recalled  by  an  adequate  and  neatly  pro- 
duced translation,  The  Blackmailers  ( '  Dossier 
No.  113'),  in  Messrs.  Greening's  "Lotus 
Library."  The  story  is  a  good  example 
of  the  author's  ingenuity,  and  fails  only 
in  the  length  of  the  explanations  given 
of  the  reason  for  the  bank  robbery. 
M.  Lecoq  figures  in  his  best  style. 

The  Liberal  Y ear-Book  for  1908,  being  the 
fourth  year  of  issue,  roached  us  early  in 
December  from  the  Liberal  Publication 
Department.  A  prolonged  examination  re- 
vealed many  improvements,  but  no  mistakes, 
and  the  delay  in  our  notice  is  only  flattering 
to  the  editors.  As  an  example  of  the  trouble 
taken  in  this  compilation,  we  would  note 
the  fact  that  the  extraordinary  complication 
of  the  Parliamentary  and  other  franchises 
of  the  United  Kingdom  has  not  prevented 
the  statement  in  a  single  page  of  all  the 
Scottish  Pailiamentary  franchises  :  indeed 
a  feat  accomplished.  Tha'  the  page  con- 
tains no  error  we  should  be  hardy  to  affirm, 
but  we  know  no  other  account  so  brief  ; 
and  though  the  complexity  of  the  law 
prevents  its  being  clear,  it  would  take  a 
Scottish  registration  lawyer  to  find  a  blunder 
if  there  were  one.  The  editors  have  not,  we 
believe,  thought  it  necessary  to  give  a 
similar  page  to  Ireland,  in  which  they  are 
wise.  The  book  is  primarily  intended  for 
Liberal  politicians,  and  these  as  a  rule 
leave  Ireland  to  the  Nationalists  and  the 
Tories,  neither  of  whom  even  profess  to 
understand  the  franchises  by  which  they 
are  elected.  Specialists  in  registration  law, 
such  as  one  or  two  Government  draftsmen, 
have  beon  known  to  differ  as  to  some  of  the 
Irish  franchises,  and  their  difference  has 
never,  we  believe,  been  cleared  up. 

The  Manorial  Society  has  issued  its 
first  publication,  Lists  of  Manor  Court  Bolls 
in  Private  Hands,  Part  I.,  edited  by  Mr. 
Alfred  L.  Hardy.  This  section  includes 
records  in  the  possession  of  private  persons, 
stowards  of  the  manors,  or  corporate  bodies, 
as  distinguished  from  those  Court  Rolls 
which  are  in  the  Public  Record  Office,  the 
British  Museum,  or  other  public  collections. 
No  fewer  than  twenty-one  counties  are 
included  ;  the  information  is  supplied  by 
the  actual  custodians  of  the  rolls,  and  care- 
fully tabulated  with  place  and  date.  The 
convenience  of  such  a  list  for  research  is 
obvious.  It  takes  us  to  the  very  core  of 
English  life  and  history,  of  which  there  is 
sometimes    a    steady    record    for    centuries, 


as  in  the  case  of  Itton  Manor  in  the  parish 
of  South  Tawton,  where  the  Court  Rolls 
extend  from  1509  to  1823.  The  '  List  '  is 
admirably  clear,  and  constitutes  an  excellent 
start  in  the  Society's  work,  since  no  complete 
return  of  manorial  estates  or  systematic  cata- 
logue of  Court  Rolls  has  been  as  yet  com- 
piled. The  valuable  Introduction,  which 
is  written  by  Mr.  Charles  Greenwood,  gives 
a  clue  to  the  scattered  information  available 
in  books  touching  the  subject,  and  points 
out  that  the  earliest  Manor  Roll  at  present 
known  is  dated  1246,  and  was  found  by  the 
late  Prof.  Maitland.  Earlier  ones,  however, 
probably  exist.  The  extant  manors  in 
England  and  Wales  at  the  present  day 
number  many  thousands,  and  we  con- 
gratulate the  Society  on  occupying  so  largely 
unworked  and  useful  a  field  of  research.  It 
is  clear  that  it  possesses  workers  of  vigour, 
and  we  expect  results  of  interest  not  only  to 
the  antiquary,  but  also  to  every  cultivated 
man.  The  landed  families  of  England 
should  justify  their  position  by  extending 
their  knowledge  of  rights  and  privileges, 
compared  with  which  the  records  of  the 
peerage  are  often  things  of  yesterday  ; 
while  the  average  person  might  well  develope 
a  little  taste  for  the  local  pride  and  patriot- 
ism which,  strangely  enough,  are  now  more 
conspicuous  in  new  countries  than  in  Eng- 
land. We  commend  the  Society  to  our 
readers,  and  mention  once  again  that  its 
address  is  1,  Mitre  Couit  Buildings,  Temple, 
E.C. 

Val  d'Arno  and  Ariadne  Florentina  have 
appeared  in  the  "  Pocket  Edition  "  of  the 
works  of  Ruskin  (George  Allen).  These 
little  volumes  are  charming  in  print  and 
bindinc  ;  they  are  issued  by  Ruskin's 
accredited  publishers,  with  his  latest  altera- 
tions and  notes  ;  and,  thanks  to  their 
convenient  form,  may  be  preferred  by  some 
even  to  the  monumental  edition  issued  by 
the  same  firm,  which  is  a  perfect  storehouse 
of  notes  and  illustrations  by  Ruskin  and 
by  those  who  are  complete  masters  of  all 
details  concerning  him. 

MM.  Hachette  &  Cie.  publish  the 
Almanack  Hachette  and  Almanack  du  Dra- 
pcau,  books  of  reference  which  combine 
a  large  amount  of  useful  information  with 
a  liveliness  which  is  novel  on  this  side  of 
the  Channel. 

The  December  number  of  The  Grc.yfriar 
shows  the  high  level  of  text  and  illustrations 
which  happily  pievails  in  the  school  of 
Thackeray  and  John  Leech.  The  '  Struan 
Robeitson  Prize  Drawing  and  Holiday 
Work  '  makes  an  interesting  paper. 


NOTES    FROM    PARIS. 

The  appearance  of  a  new  book  by  M. 
Anatole  France  is  a  feast  for  the  literary 
world  of  France,  and  also  for  foreign  nations. 
We  French  are  aware  that  in  England  he 
is  an  author  one  can  read  without  missing 
the  subtle  charm  of  style.  We  Parisians 
are  happy  to  be  able  to  tell  you  that  three 
new  works  by  him  are  to  appear  in  print 
at  the  end  of  January,  February,  and  March 
respectively  :  '  Jeanne  d'Arc,'  '  Pingouins,' 
and  '  The  Tales  of  Jacques  Tournebroche.' 

By  a  great  favour  M.  Anatole  France  has 
kindly  given  me  a  glimpse  of  the  subjects 
of  the  first  named  books,  the  piquancy  and 
boldness  of  which  innko  them,  in  my  belief, 
surpass  all  that  this  master  of  irony  has 
written  up  to  the  present  time.  On  '  Jeanne 
d'Arc  '  the  author  has  worked  for  three 
years,  after  having  let  it  ripen  for  ten.  It 
is,  many  of  us  think,  a  real  histoiical 
monument  whereby  he  seeks  to  destroy 
errors  swarming  in  the  accounts  of  that 
time.     In  particular  ho  counsels  the  English 


not  to  be  too  proud  of  having  held 
Normandy  in  spite  of  Jeanne  d'Arc. 
Charles  VII.,  and  vassals  on  the 
whole  intelligent  beyond  their  con- 
temporaries, set  to  work  to  retake  the 
towns  in  the  centre  of  France,  such  as 
Orleans  and  Bouiges,  because  they  were 
rich  and  essential  to  the  unity  of  France. 
But  Normandy  they  neglected,  though  only 
500  English  soldiers  were  placed  there  for 
its  defence.  They  could  have  recaptured 
it  by  a  sudden  attack,  but  this  piovince 
was  so  poor  that  it  was  not  worth  while. 
Another  error  corrected  is  the  idea  that 
Jeanne  d'Arc  was  a  brilliant  captain.  That 
she  took  three  English  bastilles  from  the 
town  held  by  her  for  France  was  due, 
he  thinks,  to  the  fact  that  the  defence  was 
so  badly  conducted  that  it  was  impossible  for 
her  not  to  be  victorious.  The  intelligent 
priests  of  that  time — and  that  there  were 
such  M.  Anatole  France  assures  us — did  not 
err  in  judgment  when  they  told  the  soldiers 
to  regard  "  La  Pucelle  "  as  a  creature  in- 
spired by  Heaven,  but  to  treat  her  military 
acts  and  commands  as  those  only  of  a  human 
being. 

By  extiacts  from  the  trial  at  Rouen 
published  in  the  Bevue  de  Paris  under  the 
title  of  '  La  Dame  des  Armoises,'  which 
made  a  sensation,  one  is  convinced  that  all 
is  original  in  the  version  of  M.  Anatole  France. 
He  admits  without  hesitation  the  divine  origin 
of  the  saintship  of  Joan,  which  none,  he 
thinks,  can  gainsay  or  disprove.  This  explains 
all.  A  saint,  according  to  him,  is  the  out- 
come of  a  certain  train  of  thought— a  fixed 
idea  in  religion,  of  the  same  nature  as  that 
which  in  the  world  of  science  has  created 
our  modern  sages.  The  question  whether 
religion  or  science  exists  or  not  has  little 
or  nothing  to  say  to  the  matter,  for  accord- 
ing to  the  need  of  the  times  saints  and 
sages  will  continue  to  appear.  This  point 
once  admitted,  then,  whether  Jeanne  d'Arc 
heard  or  thought  she  heard  "  the  voices  " 
matters  nought,  for  she  acted  none  the  less 
from  divine  motives.  Let  us  then  see  in 
her  but  a  simple  country  maid,  poor  in 
spirit,  weak  in  body,  as  is  common  to  every 
messenger  of  God.  For  God  chooses  the 
weakest  weapons  to  overthrow  the  strong. 
Thus  David  picked  three  little  "  pierres 
blanches  "  out  of  the  stream  to  fill  the  sling 
with  which  he  killed  Goliath. 

The  second  work  is  much  more  fantastic. 
Through  the  adventures  of  the  poor  "  Pin- 
gouins "  (anglice  penguins),  M.  Anatole 
France  tells  the  tale  of  the  history  of  the 
human  race,  from  its  zoological  origin  (after 
Darwin)  to  the  final  grand  crash  which 
awaits  future  social  organizations.  The 
most  startling  ideas,  together  with  the  finest 
irony,  are  scattered  in  piofusion  through 
this  charming  book,  about  which  I  hope 
to  write  more  later.  Then  I  hope  also 
to  describe  the  '  Contcs  de  Jacques  Tourne- 
broche,' a  third  part  of  Queen  Gooscfoot's 
cookshop,  of  which,  you  will  remember, 
Tournebroche  was  one  of  the  two  heroes. 

I  now  turn  to  the  interesting  doings  at 
the  Theatre  des  Arts,  whose  new  manager. 
M.  Robert  d'Humieres,  wishes  to  express 
sympathy  for  the  English,  and  also  addresses 
himself  to  authors  across  the  Channel. 
begging  them  to  consider  themselves  at- 
home     in     his     theatre.      On     Saturdays     he 

hopes  to  make  the  Parisian  public  acquainted 
with  the  beauties  of  English  literature. 

Picture  to  yourself  our  surprise  on  hearing 
that  one  news  J  a]  er  hafl  entirely  misunder- 
stood his  intention,  accusing  him  of  having 
bo  little  appreciation  of  English  literary  art 

as  to  wish  to  bring  before  the  public  certain 

pieces  as  chefs-d'eeuvn  that  are  not  at  all 

in  accordance  with  English  taste.  This  is 
premature,   to  say   the  least  of  it,    for   the 


It 


T  IT  E     AT  II  KN\K  U  M 


No.  4184,  Jan.  4.  1908 


"English    afternoons"    do    no!    begin    till 
after  the  middle  <>f  January,  and  are  no1 
yet  settled.     Aooording  to  M.   d'Humieres 
himself,    these    afternoons    will    not    only 
show  as    modern  works    such    as  '  Candida ' 
by  Bernard  Shaw,  and  'The  Notorious  Mrs. 
Ebbsmitb  '  and  '  Iris.'  by  Pinero,  hut  also 
revivals     of     older     pieces     like     Webster's 
'  Duchess  of  Malti,'  and  works  hy  Congreve, 
whoso  sparkling   dialogue   will   he   a   revela- 
tion to  the  French  public,  as  well  as  to  our 
literary  world.     M.    Robert    d'Humieres    is 
too  clever  on  artist  to  ignore  the  fact  that 
the    most    original    ideas    of    a    peo/Te    are 
seldom  those  which  are  most  easily  grasped 
by    another    rare.     For    him    it    is    difficult 
to  relapse  into  the  errors  of  his  predecessors, 
who  brought  before  us  dramas  which  were 
without    individuality,    lending    themselves 
as  best  they  could  to  French  taste.     Up  to 
the  present  time,  when  our  theatre  managers 
permitted  us  to  take  a  peep  abroad,  especi- 
ally at  England,  they  did  not  give  us  works 
of  originality  and  style,  but  merely  provided 
adaptations  in  which  the  personality  of  the 
translator  revealed  itself.     Played  by  French 
actors,  the  personages  are  no  longer  a  part 
of    the    author's    thought,    and    the    work 
loses  all  charactor  and  individual  expression. 
Thus  it  is  that  English  plays  are  still  pre- 
sented to  us,  and  we  are,  therefore,  forced 
to  ask  if  this  is  indeed  your  dramatic  art. 
'  Raffles,'  played  this  summer  at  Rejane's, 
and   '  Sherlock   Holmes,'  the   new   piece   of 
the    Theatre    Antoine,    have    both    had    an 
enormous  success  in  Paris  ;    but  it  was  not 
a  success  in  the  highest  sense  of  the  word. 
The  applause  of  the  public  took  sides  with 
the  tricks  of  the  trade,  and  by  such  inferior 
methods  the  popular    ta3te  is    spoilt,    and 
they  applaud  in  all  good  faith  what  they 
believe   to   be  works  of  real  English  value. 
To    belittle    foreign    talent    in    this   way   is 
by    no    means   to   enhance   French    genius. 
On    the    contrary,  the  systematic  desire    to 
ignore  the  different  points  of  view  taken  by 
other  nations  is  a  proof  of  weakness. 

M.  Robert  d'Humieres  does  not  appeal 
to  the  taste  of  the  impresarios  nor  to  the 
general  run  of  those  who  buy  the  right  of 
translation  from  foreign  authors — rights 
which  these  sell  too  willingly  at  the  beginning 
of  their  career,  only  to  rue  it  later  on. 
Bernard  Shaw's  plays  are  distorted  in  a 
French  version.  It  is  true  that  he  is 
pleased  to  have  as  his  translator  a  man  of 
whom  he  is  able  to  say  :  "  He  is  a  good 
Socialist."  We  French  deplore  the  modesty 
(or  is  it  irony  ?)  of  this  writer,  who  paints 
the  English  with  such  a  characteristic 
brush  ;  for  his  genius  is  thus  clouded  for 
us,  who  would  like  to  have  the  means  of 
understanding  his  works  as  well  as  we 
do  those  of  Rudyard  Kipling. 

M.  d'Humieres  is  far  from  offending  English 
taste  by  placing  too  free  an  interpietation 
on  English  dramatic  art.  On  the  contrary, 
the  new  manager  of  the  Theatre  des  Arts 
wishes  to  efface  the  bad  impression  caused 
in  France  by  the  commercial  undertakings 
of  our  impresarios.  He  wishes  to  see  your 
works  put  before  us  without  prejudice  as  to 
period  or  school.  At  the  same  time  ho 
makes  known  to  us  the  circumstances  that 
have  been  instrumental  in  producing  such 
and  such  a  book,  and  the  events  that  have 
brought  forth  this  or  that  play.  M. 
d'Humieres  intends  to  initiate  his  audience 
into  the  manners  and  customs  of  your  country 
by  a  means  almost  unknown  in  England — 
that  of  a  series  of  "  talks  "  upon  the 
subject.  tThe  representations  will  there- 
fore be  preceded  by  lectures  to  be  given, 
it  is  proposed,  in  French  by  such  men 
as  Henry  James,  Bernard  Shaw,  Rud- 
yard Kipling,  Claude  Phillips,  Edmund 
Gosse,   Wells,   &c. — writers  who,   we  hope, 


will  through  tin  •  lectun  bring  clearly 
l»  lore  as  the  inmost  life  of  England.       They 

will,  we  trust,  teach  us  the  evolution  of  your 
literature,  embracing  poetry,  works  of 
fiction,  dramatic  art,  music  from  Purcell 
and  Bird,  the  popular  ballads  of  Scotland 
and  Ire  land  and  modern  light  opera.  Wishing 
to  imitate  the  experiment  successful  in 
Paris  with  Ouse,  M.  Robert  d'Humieres 
intends  to  have  English  and  American 
authors  interpreted  in  the  original  by  your 
own  artists.  Most  of  these  are  already 
known  and  appreciated  in  France,  as,  for 
example,  those  who  are  going  to  take  part 
in  '  Candida,'  the  opening  play  of  the 
English  season  at  the  Theatre  des  Arts. 
It  is  in  this  same  theatre  that  Mrs.  Patrick 
Campbell  is  to  make  her  Paris  debut  in 
March  in  '  The  Moon  of  Yamato,'  a  Japanese 
play  by  M.  Robert  d'Humieres,  which  at 
present  she  is  acting  in  America.  From 
these  notes  you  will  see  that  the  programme 
of  English  afternoons,  planned  on  a  purely 
artistic  basis,  will  help  us  to  understand 
the  intellectual  life  of  England,  and  give 
the  French  an  opportunity  to  enlarge  their 
ideas  of  England  and  the  English.      C.  G. 


THE  BOOK  SALES  OF  1907. 
i. 
The  year  just  closed  has  been  remarkable 
in  a  literary  sense  for  the  unusual  number 
of  extiemely  important  manuscripts  and 
printed  books  which,  during  the  course  of  it, 
have  been  sold  by  auction  in  the  London 
rooms.  The  widspread  publicity  given  to 
the  sale  of  the  Shelley  Notebooks  in  Decem- 
ber, 1906,  and  especially  the  high  prices 
obtained  for  them  as  well  as  for  other 
relics  of  a  similar  character,  may  have 
directly  suggested  the  sale  of  other  manu- 
scripts of  great  importance,  unless,  indeed, 
it  be  that  a  disposition  to  part  with  them 
is  "in  the  air."  Whatever  the  truth  in  this 
respect,  there  is  no  doubt  that  literary 
rarities  of  the  first  rank  have,  during  the 
past  twelve  months,  been  far  more  in  evi- 
dence than  usual ;  the  prices  realized  for 
them  are  unqestionably  increasing  propor- 
tionately to  a  demand  which  is  now  very  great, 
and,  contrary  to  expectation,  the  supply 
has  increased  also.  Manuscripts  are  from 
their  nature  unique,  and,  compared  with 
piinted  books,  necessarily  limited  in  number. 
Nevertheless  they  come,  and  the  ordinary 
collector,  who  can  hardly  be  expected  to 
know  very  much  about  questions  of  owner- 
ship, naturally  wonders  from  what  source, 
imagining,  perhaps,  that  they  have  been 
hit  upon  by  some  lucky  chance,  just  as 
valuable  piinted  books  sometimes  are,  when 
least  expected.  That,  however,  is  a  mistake. 
We  have  only  to  analyze  the  results  of  last 
year's  sales  to  see  that  almost  every  one  of 
the  manuscripts  which  it  has  been  worth 
while  to  chronicle  has,  so  to  speak,  its  well- 
known  pedigree.  For  instance,  the  library 
of  Mr.  Stuart  Samuel,  sold  at  Sotheby's 
on  July  1st,  contained  the  original  MSS. 
of  Pope's  '  Essay  on  Man  '  and  some  inci- 
dental pieces  (895/.);  White's  'Natural 
History  and  Antiquities  of  Selborne  '  (750/.)  ; 
Shellev's  '  Proposal  for  putting  Reform  to 
the  Voto  '  (390/.)  ;  Tennyson's  ^The  Brook  ' 
(300/.  :  this  sold  for  no  more  than  51/.  in 
1889) ;  two  chapters  of  Thackeray's  '  Philip  ' 
(240/.)  ;  Pope's  Epistle  '  Of  Taste  '  (199/.)  ; 
Dryden's  '  Eleonora,'  dated  1692  (198/.); 
Tennyson's  '  The  Northern  Farmer  '  (155/.)  ; 
Burns's  'The  Poet's  Progress'  (152/.); 
'  Le  Caractere  do  la  Princesse  Reine  Silvaine,' 
signed  by  Madame  de  Maintenon  and  un- 
published (150/.)  ;  Lamb's  '  Dream  Children' 
(108/.);  Barham's  'Jackdaw  of  Rheims ' 
(101/.)  ;    and  others  of  less  importance.     Sir 


Henry  Mildmay's  library,  which  v..v    Bold  in 

the  same  rooniK  on  April  18th,  contained 
era!  manuscript  Horse,  one  of  which 
realized  1,300/.  ;  a  fifteenth-century  MS. 
of  '  Le  Roman  de  la  Rose'  (120/.);  and 
others,  which,  however,  are  almost  lost  m 
the  long  list  of  works  of  the  kind  which  have 
been  chronioled  during  the  year.  The  sale 
of  the  Bronte  manuscripts  in  July  will  also 
be  remembered.  Where  important  manu- 
scripts are  preserved  is,  as  a  rule,  well  known, 
and  it  is  seldom  indeed  that  a  "discovery," 
in  the  popular  acceptation  of  the  word,  is 
announcer!. 

It  is  different  with  regard  to  printed  books. 
So  far  as  they  are  concerned,  there  is  always 
a  chance,  though  a  remote  one,  of  something 
out  of  the  common  appearing  for  the  first 
time,  as,  for  example,  the  copy  of  Byron's 
'  Fugitive  Pieces,'  1806,  which  realized 
182/.  in  May  last,  and  Mrs.  Browning's 
'  Battle  of  Marathon,'  recently  disposed  of 
for  60/.  (calf  extra),  both  of  which  I  fell 
across  myself.  Of  late,  indeed,  a  consider- 
able number  of  valuable  books  have  been 
rescued  from  the  half  neglect  into  which 
they  had  fallen,  and  there  must  be  many 
more  waiting  their  turn — comparatively 
modern  books  in  all  probability,  which  have 
apparently  nothing  about  them  to  distin- 
guish them  from  the  ordinary  rank  and  file, 
and  are  therefore  overlooked  in  the  search 
for  something  obviously  out  of  the  ordinary. 
The  great  days  of  the  old-fashioned  book- 
ccllector  have,  however,  gone,  for  he  wanted, 
and  still  wants,  just  the  very  kind  of  books 
which  everybody  else  desires  to  have,  and 
these  are  tabulated  to  a  nicety  and  widely 
known,  so  that  there  can  be  no  mistake 
about  the  matter  at  all.  We  might  take 
the  result  of  last  year's  sales  as  good  evi- 
dence of  the  classes  of  books  which  have 
been  most  in  demand  for  a  number  of  years 
past,  and  are  becoming  more  difficult  to 
acquire  day  by  day  by  reason  of  the  demand 
there  is  for  them.  Mediaeval  manuscripts, 
often  painted  and  illuminated,  though 
primarily  books,  are  in  reality  ancient  works 
of  art,  and,  as  such,  much  desired.  More 
modern  manuscripts  may  or  may  not 
atfract  attention.  It  depends  upon  what 
they  are,  upon  their  age,  and  chiefly  upon  the 
author  in  each  instance.  If  a  manuscript 
can  be  brought  within  the  classic  literary 
circle,  as  was  the  case  with  both  the  '  Essay 
on  Man '  and  '  The  Natural  History  of 
Selborne  '  previously  referred  to,  then  it  is 
regarded  as  a  pearl  of  great  price.  Should 
it,  on  the  contrary,  be  outside  the  pale, 
written  by  somebody  unknown  and  about 
nothing  in  particular,  it  will  go  begging. 
So  also  any  printed  book  entitled  to  rank  as 
an  example  of  early  typography,  especially 
(so  far  as  this  country  is  concerned)  if  it  is 
connected  with  one  of  our  own  printers,  is 
included  in  a  specially  desirable  class  ; 
and  the  same  may  be  said  of  early  editions 
of  all  the  English  classics,  particularly 
those  dating  from  the  seventeenth  century 
or  earlier,  and  also  of  early  illustrated  books 
of  almost  every  kind,  and  of  Americana  of 
the  seventeenth  century  in  particular.  To 
these  may  be  added  some  of  the  editiones 
principes  of  the  Greek  and  Latin  classics, 
as  well  as  all  books  which,  although  they 
may  even  be  in  themselves  of  no  special 
interest,  derive  an  artificial  importance 
from  notes  or  inscriptions  written  by 
former  owners  whose  names  are  widely 
familiar.  Books  naturally  falling  within 
any  of  these  divisions  are,  subject  to  the  in- 
evitable exceptions,  becoming  scarcer  as  the 
available  copies  are  slowly,  but  nevertheless 
surely,  absorbed  by  the  public  libraries, 
where  eventually  they  rest  in  peace.  On  the 
other  hand,  there  is  more  scope  than  ever 
for    the    lover    of    books    who   is    satisfied 


No.  4184,  Jan.  4,  1908 


THE    ATHENiEUM 


15 


with  what  may  be  called  the  greater  world 
of  the  little  ;  who  is  content  to  avoid  the 
more  representative  volumes  of  the  kind 
to  which  attention  has  been  drawn,  and 
which,  indeed,  are  rarely  found  in  large 
numbers,  even  in  good  private  libraries. 
Exceptional  volumes  such  as  these  apart, 
books  have  lately  become  cheaper,  for  one 
reason  or  another,  than  they  have  been  for  a 
long  time,  and  the  collector  of  to-day  has 
really  as  wide  a  field  of  enterprise  as  had 
any  of  his  progenitors.  They,  too,  were 
confronted  with  rarities  which  they  might 
or  might  not  have  the  means  to  secure  ; 
their  taste  and  desires  may  have  differed, 
but  their  books,  when  classified,  were  very 
much  as  they  are  now. 

The  sale  of  the  library  of  Mr.  William 
Van  Antwerp,  held  by  Messrs.  Sotheby  on 
March  22nd  and  23rd,  affords  an  object 
lesson  which  it  would  be  difficult  to  repeat 
effectually.  The  library  was  small  ;  it 
was  catalogued  in  243  lots  only,  and  yet 
realized  the  large  sum  of  16,350/.  It  was 
essentially  a  library  of  early  English  classics, 
many  of  extreme  rarity,  and  some  of  the 
prices  broke  all  previous  records.  It  was 
at  this  sale  that  a  copy  of  the  original  edition 
of  Walton's  '  Compleat  Angler  '  sold  for 
1,290/.,  and  a  copy  of  Shakspeare's  First 
Folio  for  3,600/.  ;  and  the  books  were, 
generally,  just  of  the  kind  to  attract,  the 
modern  collector  of  means.  I  will,  there- 
fore, take  this  sale  first. 

The    first  book  to  attract  attention  in  the 
report  of  this  sale  as  given  in  '  Book-Prices 
Current  '   is  Allot's   '  England's   Parnassus,' 
the   earliest   English   anthology,    containing 
quotations  from  Shakespeare,  Marlowe,  Spen- 
ser, and  other  celebrated  authors,  many  of 
whom  were  alive  at  the  time.     This  small 
8vo,  printed  in  1600,  realized  40/.  (morocco 
extra)  ;     while    Arnold's    '  London    Chroni- 
cles,' beginning  "  In  this  booke  is  conteined," 
n.d.    (Antwerp,    1503  ?),    sold    for    85/.    (old 
russia).     The  ballad  '  The  Nutbrowne  Maide' 
is  here  printed  for  the  first  time.     Barbour's 
1  Robert    Bruce,    King    of    Scotland,'    8vo, 
(Edinburgh,     1571  ?),    the     earliest     known 
edition,    and    possibly    unique,    excited    a 
great  deal  of  competition,  and  was  eventually 
bought  by  Mr.  Quaritch  for  121/.  (morocco 
extra).     It  came  from  the  Rowfant  Library, 
where,  indeed,   many  of  the  books  in  this 
collection  at   one   time  reposed.     The  first 
edition  of  the  second  part  of  '  The  Pilgrim's 
Progress,'    the    date    torn    off  (but    1684), 
sold  for  80/.   (original  sheep),   and  a  sound 
copy  of  the  first  edition  of  '  The  Holy  War,' 
1682,  small   8vo,   for   100/.   (original  sheep). 
All  these  books  were,   however,   completely 
put   in  the  shade  by  the  700/.   fetched  by 
the  Kilmarnock  edition  of  Burns's  '  Poems,' 
1786,    8vo    (original    blue    wrappers,    which 
had   been  cleaned).     Only    three   copies   in 
wrappers    can    be     traced.     Two     Caxtons 
appeared  at  this  sale — '  Cronycles  of    Eng- 
land,'   1482,    small    folio,    185/.    (imperfect), 
and    'Cicero  on   Old    Age   and  Friendship,' 
1481,  small  folio,  600/.  (one  leaf  in  facsimile 
and    a    few    defects)  ;    and    a    number    of 
Shakspeareana,     including     all      the      four 
folios,  the  first  of  which  has  already  been 
mentioned.     A    perfect    copy  of    the    third 
fetched     650/.     (modern     calf)  ;     '  A     Mid- 
sommer    Night's    Dreame,'  James    Roberts, 
1600,  180/.  (mended,  morocco  extra)  ;    'King 
Lear,'    1608,   200/.   (morocco);     'The  Merry 
Wives  of  Windsor,'  1619,  120/.  ;    '  The  Rape 
of  Lucreece,'  1624,  12mo,  350/.  (new  vellum), 
and,    on   the    whole,    a    good    copy    of    tho 
'  Poems  '  of    1640,   with   the  portrait,    215/. 
(morocco  extra),  a  sum  which  may  be  com- 
pared with   that  realized   for  the  unusually 
fine  and  perfect  copy,  in  its  original  sheep- 
skin binding,  sold  at  Sotheby's  on  tho  14th 
of  December  last  for  260/. — the  highest  price 


to  date.  Earl  Howe's  collection  of  Shak- 
speareana sold  on  December  21st  did  not 
contain  this  edition  of  the  '  Poems,'  many  of 
which,  by  the  way,  are  not  by  Shakspeare. 
To  describe  the  Van  Antwerp  collection 
as  its  importance  deserves  would  render 
it  necessary  to  print  a  large  part  of  the 
catalogue.  The  various  lots  are,  however, 
set  out  fully  in  'Book-Prices  Current,' 
and  to  that  reference  can  easily  be  made. 
It  may  be  mentioned,  however,  that  Gold- 
smith's '  The  Traveller,'  1764,  the  first 
issue,  with  title-page  quite  distinct  from 
the  1765  edition  (see  The  Athcnccum  of 
October  19th  last,  p,  480),  brought  216/. 
(morocco  extra)  ;  Gray's  '  Elegy,'  published 
at  sixpence  in  1751,  4to,  205/.  (morocco 
extra) ;  John  Heywood's  '  An  Hundred  Epi- 
grammes,'  1550,  small  8vo,  126/.  (morocco); 
Hubbard's  '  Narrative  of  the  Troubles  with 
the  Indians,'  Boston,  1677,  small  4to,  with 
the  "White  Hills"  (not  "Wine  Hills,"  done 
probably  for  the  London  edition),  450/. 
(original  sheep)  ;  Milton's  '  Comus,'  1637, 
small  4to,  162/.  (morocco)  ;  '  Purchas  his 
Pilgrimes,'  5  vols.,  1625-6,  170/.  (original 
vellum)  ;  Sir  Philip  Sidney's  '  Countesse 
of  Pembroke's  Arcadia,'  1590,  small  4to, 
315/.  (mended,  old  boards)  ;  the  first  issue 
of  the  original  edition  of  '  Gulliver's  Travels,' 
3  vols.,  1726-7,  distinguished  by  the  separate 
pagination  and  the  inscription  below  the 
portrait  instead  of  round  it,  as  is  generally 
the  case,  132/.  (old  calf)  ;  and  a  very  unusual 
book  known  as  '  The  Thrie  Tailes  of  the 
Thrie  Priests  of  Peblis,'  printed  at  Edinburgh 
by  Robert  Charteris  in  1603,  small  4to, 
120/.  It  is  also  worthy  of  note  thai  a  large- 
paper  copy  of  the  first  edition  of  Wycherley's 
'  Miscellany  Poems,'  1704,  folio,  with  a 
brilliant  impression  of  the  artistic  portrait, 
fetched  as  much  as  94/.  (oiiginal  calf, 
rebacked). 

This  narration,  necessarily  far  from 
complete,  will  give  a  good  idea  of  the 
kind  of  books  which  comprised  Mr. 
Van  Antwerp's  library  and  of  the  large 
sums  obtained  for  them.  It  is  significant 
that  the  First  Folio  of  Shakspeare  should 
alone  have  realized  far  more  than  the 
whole  of  the  important  collection  of  a  mis- 
cellaneous character  with  which  Messrs. 
Sotheby  began  the  year  on  January  14th. 
As  often  happens  at  those  rooms,  extensive 
collections  are  sold  for  a  total  amount 
averaging  21.  or  3/.  per  entiy  in  the  cata- 
logue. This  is  a  high  average  when  books 
are  dealt  with  in  large  quantities,  but  when 
the  amounts  are  evenly  distributed,  as  in 
this  instance,  there  is  not  much  to  be  said. 
The  only  books  which  need  be  mentioned 
on  this  occasion  were  another  copy  of  the 
'  Arcadia  '  of  1590,  which,  having  the 
epitaph  and  three  leaves  in  manuscript  and 
several  others  torn  or  imperfect,  sold  for 
no  more  than  165/.  (old  calf),  and  Byron's 
'  Poems  on  Various  Occasions,'  1807,  8vo, 
38/.  (calf,  soiled).  This  work  was  issued 
in  green  boards  with  a  pink  label  on  the 
back,  and  when  in  that  state  is  worth  per  haps 
100/. — so  much  is  lost  by  rebuilding  or  in 
any  way  tampering  with  books  like  this. 

The  library  of  the  late  Mr.  Samuel  Eyres 
Wilson,  sold  on  January  23rd,  also  at 
Sotheby's,  contained  a  perfect  copy  of  Sir 
Walter  Raleigh's  '  Discoverie  of  tho  Large, 
Rich,  and  Bcwtiful  Empyre  of  Guiana,' 
1596,  small  4to,  which  realized  21/.  5*.  (in 
morocco)  ;  Burton's  '  Arabian  Nig! its,' 
16  vols.,  with  an  additional  volume  of 
illustrations  by  Letch  ford,  1885-8,  26/.  (as 
issued)  ;  and  the  Kelmscott  '  Chaucer,' 
49/.  (half  canvas  boards,  as  issued).  On 
January  24th  Messrs.  Knight,  Frank  & 
Rutley  sold  for  19/.  a  copy  of  Dante, 
printed  at  Florence  in  1481,  folio,  which 
I  mention  hero  because  it  contained  but  two 


of  the  plates.  The  full  complement  is 
19  plates,  and  a  copy  containing  them  all 
fetched  no  less  than  1,000/.  at  Sir  Thomas 
Carmichael's  sale  in  1903.  The  value  of  this 
book  depends  entirely  upon  the  number  of 
plates  it  contains.  Later  in  the  month  a 
copy  of  the  letter  written  by  Henry  VIII. 
in  reply  to  Luther,  printed  by  Pynson  in 
1526,  brought  51/.  (calf).  Only  two  or  three 
copies  of  this  edition  are  known,  one 
being  in  the  Amherst  Library,  which,  accord- 
ing to  all  accounts,  is  to  be  sold  shortly. 
Lescarbot's  'Nova  Francia,'  1609,  small  4to, 
also  sold  for  30/.  (old  calf,  title  mounted) 
about  this  time.  It  is  not,  however,  till 
February  12th  that  we  come  to  a  really  im- 
portant and  distinctive  sale,  when  a  small 
collection  of  works  illustrating  the  costumes 
of  the  British  military  and  naval  forces, 
belonging  to  Major-General  Astley  Terry, 
realized  nearly  1,200/.,  though  the  catalogue 
contained  but  41  entries.  "  Hayes's  '  Cos- 
tumes,' 55  coloured  plates,  published  by 
Spooner  in  1840-43,  known  as  "the  oblong 
series,"  brought  the  large  sum  of  135/.;  and 
another  series  of  15  colomed  plates,  bjr  the 
same,  published  by  Graves  in  1845-6,  56/. 
No  perfect  copy  containing  all  the  18 
coloured  lithographs  of  Gauci's  '  Costume 
of  the  British  Navy,'  1829,  4to,  is  known 
to  exist.  General  Terry's  had  but  15  plates, 
and  it  fetched  19/.  ;  while  Hull's  '  Costume 
of  the  British  Army  in  1828,'  containing 
the  complete  set  of  72  coloured  plates, 
brought  100/.  Many  other  very  high  prices 
are  noticeable,  but  what  has  been  said 
will  give  a  good  idea  of  the  importance 
and  rarity  of  many  of  these  nineteenth- 
century  military  and  naval  costume  plates. 
Isolated  examples  are  often  met  with.  The 
difficulty  is  to  obtain  them  in  the  series, 
the  reason  doubtless  being  that  from  the 
first  they  were  detached  from  their  wrappers 
to  be  framed  and  hung  up  in  messrooms 
and  elsewhere,  thus  becoming  separated 
and  more  and  more  widely  distributed  as 
time  went  on.  J.  Herbert  Slater. 


LIST  OF  NEW  BOOKS. 

ENGLISH. 

Theology. 
Adams  (J.),  Sermons  in  Syntax  ;  or,  Studies  in  the  Hebrew 

Text,  4/6  net.     A  book  for  preachers  and  students, 
Derry  (Bishop  of),   The   Epistle  to  the   Hebrews,   if,      A 

devotional  commentary. 
Drummond  (J.),  Studies  in  Christian  Doctrine,  10/6  net. 
Howard  (Rev.  H.),  The  Raiment  of  the  Soul,  3/6. 
Jones   (Father)    of    Cardiff.      By    Two    Former  Curates, 

J.  W.  W.  and  H.  A.  C,  3/6  net.     A  memoir  of  the  Rev. 

Griffith   Arthur  Jones,    for   over  thirty  years  vicar  of 

St.  Mary's,  Cardiff. 
Reid  (H.  M.  B.),  A  Country  Parish,   2/6  net.      Studies  in 

pastoral  theology  and  Church  law. 

Law. 

Powell's  Income  Tax  Laws,  21/  net. 

Woods  (W.  A.  G.)  and  Ritchie  (J.),  A  Digest  of  Cases, 
3  vols.,  105/. 

Fine  Art  and  Archaeology. 

Antiquary,  January,  6rf. 

Chardin  (J.  B.  S.)  et  Fragonard  (J.  HA  L'tEuvre  de,  42/ 
Deux  cent  treize  reproductions.  Introduction  par 
Armand  Dayot,  notes  par  Leandre  Vaillal. 

Macquoid  (P.),  A  History  of  English  Furniture.     Part  XV. 
7/6  net. 

Memorials  of  Old  Dorset,  15/  not.  Edited  by  Thomas 
Perkins  and  Herbert  Pentin  in  Memorials  of  the 
Counties  of  England,  with  many  illustrations. 

Orkney  and  Shetland  Old-lore,  January. 

Records  of  Buckinghamshire,  Vol.  IX.,  No.  4.  Contains 
also  the  Proceedings  of  the  Bucks  Architectural  and 
Archa'ological  Society. 

Report  of  the   Committee   on    Ancient   Earthworks  and 
Fortified  Enclosures.     Prepared  for  presentation  to  the 
Congress  of  Archa'ological  Societies,  July  3rd,  1807. 
Poetry  and  Drama. 

Benson  (S.),  Poems. 

Eraser  (E.j  The  Clodhopper:  a  Development   in  Verse; 

Book  III.  True,  3/ net. 
Mann  (K.).  Old  Songs  of  the  Elizabethans,  with  New  Songs 
in  Reply,  '»'.  net.     Second  Edition.-  Stray  Sl.in.i-. 

Tudor  Facsimile  Texts:  Impatient  Poverty:  John  the 
Evangelist;  King  Darius;  Lusty  Juvenlus;  Wealth 
and  Health. 

Tudor  Facsimile  Texts:  Folio  Series:  Massinger'a  Believe 

.is  Yc  List. 
Tudor  Facsimile  Texts  :   The    Macro   Plays,    No.    I.    Man- 
kind ;  No.  II.  Wisdom,  or  Mind,  Will,  ami  Cndersl  Hid- 
ing.    All  issued  for  subscribers,  and  edited  bv  John  S. 

Farmer, 


16 


THE     AT  II  KX/Kl'  M 


No.  4184,  Jan.  4,  1 


Ill.uknui     (1\     W.).     I  ■     f"r    1 1  »K.l»     BotUJOll    and 

Academies,  5  nel  , ,      . 

Pordhatn  (M .).  Mother  Earth,  5/  net  A  proposal  for  the 
pennanenl  reconat  ruction  of our  country  an,  wltn  I  re- 
■M  b]  J.  A.  Hobson. 

11 1,!, try  aiui  Biograpky. 

K.ll  (Mrs.  A.  <;.),  The  Royal  Manor  of  Biohmond.  with 


Petersham,  ii.iiii,  .ui.i  Row,  :  fl  net    \vnii  io  lllustra 
thme  in  colour  by  Arthur  O.  Bell 
('iUliion(l).),  Sanquhar  and  the  Crichtona    An  historical 
mi  of  the  connexion  of  the  Crichton  family  witb 
the  Boyal  itur^h  of  Sanquhar,  ai  contained  mainly  In  a 
leetnra  delivered  on  Sept  '•'■  WOT,  at  Sanquhar. 
House  oi  Gordon,  VoL  11.    Edltedbi  J.  M.  Bulloch. 
Record  of  the  Celebration  of  the  Quatercentenary  of  the 

University  of  Aberdeen.    Edited  by  P.  J.  Anderson. 
Records  of  the  Sheriff  Court  of  Aberdeenshire,   VoL  III. 

Edited  i>v  David  Littlejohn. 
Scottish  Historical  Keview,  January,  2 'C  net. 

Geography  and  Travel. 
Oaiae(W.  Ralph  Hall),  The  Cruise  of  the  Port  Kingston, 
10  c,  lift.     The  four  sections  of  the  volume  deal  with 
history,  commerce,  religion,  antisocial  relatlona 
Maps :     Polar    Region! :     Hie    World,    showing    Physical 

Features,  '.>/<*>  each. 
Swayne  (K),   A    Woman's    Pleasure  Trip    in    Somaliland, 
4/  neU 

Bibliography. 
Book-Prices  Current,  Part  I.,  25/6  per  annum. 

Philology. 
Year's  Work  in  Classical  Studies,  1907,  2/6  net,     Edited  by 
W.  II.  D.  Rouse. 

School-Books. 
Dryer  (C.  R.),  Lessons  in  Physical  Geography,  6/  net. 
Philips'  Modern  Atlas  for  the  Use  of  .Schools  in  Australasia, 

2/6.     Edited  by  G.  Philip. 
Stewart  (R.  W.),  The  New  Matriculation  Sound,  2/6.     In 
the  University  Tutorial  Series. 
Anthropology. 
Village  Deities  of  Southern  India,  1/3.     One  of  the  Madras 
Government  Museum  publications,  with  7  plates. 
Science. 
American  Journal  of  Mathematics,  January,  1  dol.  50. 
Bamford    (II.)  Moving  Loads    on   Railway   Underbridges, 

4/6  net. 

Barrett  (C),  From  Range  to  Sea  :  a  Bird-Lover's  Ways,  1/. 

With  Preface  by  Donald  Macdonald,  and  pictures  by 

A.  II.  E.  Mattingley. 

Godman  (F.  du  Cane),  A  Monograph  of  the  Petrels  (Order 

Tubinares),  Part  I.,  45/.    Illustrated  by  J.  G.  Keulemans. 

Green  (W.  C),   The   Merchants'  Hundredweights  Tables, 

3/6  net. 
Guide  to  the  Specimens    of    the   Horse  Family  (Equidre) 
exhibited    in    the    Department    of    Zoology,     British 
Museum  (Natural  History),  1/ 
Laurence  (E.  C),  Modern  Nursing  in  Hospital  and    Home, 

2,6  net.    A  short  course  of  lectures  to  probationers. 
Records  of  the  Geological  Survey  of  India,  Vol.  XXXVI, 

Part  I.,  1  rupee. 
Transactions  of  the  Royal  Scottish  Arboricultural  Society, 

January,  3/ 
Williamson    (A.    P.   \\\),    Magnetism,     Deviation    of    the 
Compass,  and  Compass  Adjustment  for  Practical  Use 
and  B.  O.  T.  Exams.,  3/6  net. 
Fi  Hon. 
Francis  (Mrs.),  Mathew  Strong,  6/ 

Priest,  The,  and  the  Acolyte,  5/  net.    New  Edition,  with  an 
introductory  protest  by  Stuart  Mason. 
General  Literature. 
Artists'  Almanac  for  1908,  6<f. 
Catholic  Directory,   Ecclesiastical  Register,  and  Almanac 

for  1908,  1/6  net. 
Clerk,  The,  No.  1,  Id.     The  organ  of  the  National  Union  of 

Clerks. 
Hindustan  Review,  December,  1907, 1  rupee.  The  hundredth 

number. 
Licensed   Victuallers'   Official   Annual,    Legal    Text-Book, 
Diary,  and  Almanack,   for   1908,   1/ net.     "The   Blue- 
Book  of  the  Trade,"  edited  by  Albert  B.  Deane. 
Manet's  Church  Directory  and  Almanack,  1908,  3/  net. 
Notes  and  News,  No.  I.,  Id.     Published  in  the  interests  of 

stamp  collectors. 
Oliver  and   Boyd's   Edinburgh  Almanac  and  National  Re- 
pository for  1908,  6/6  net. 
Remington  Calendar  and  Pocket  Diary  for.1908. 

Pamphlets. 
Mackinder  (H.  J.),  The  Development  of  Geographical  Teach- 
ing out  of  Nature  Study,  6rt.  net.     An  address. 
Radford  (Mrs.  G.  II.),  The  Courtenay  Monument  in  Colyton 
Church.  Reprinted  from  the  Transactions  of  the  Devon- 
shire Association    for    the  Advancement   of    Science, 
Literature,  and  Art. 
Richmond  (Mrs.  E.),  A  Natural  Education,  3d.     A  lecture 
on  the  co-education  of  boys  and  girls. 

FOREIGN. 

Law. 
Esiiic in  (A.), Precis  eiementaired'Histoire  du  Droit  francais: 
Revolution,  Consulat,  et  Empire,  8fr. 

Fine  Art  and  Archaeology. 

Beyli6  (General  L.  de),  1'iome  et  Samara:  Voyage archeo- 
logjque  en  Birmanie  et  en  Mesopotamia.  One  of  the 
Publications  de  la  Society  francai.se  des  Fouilles  areheo- 
logiimes,  illustrated  with  many  tine  plates. 

Digonnet  (F.),  Le  Palais  des  Panes  d'Avignon.  Also  illus- 
trated, but  on  a  smaller  scale. 

Rfja  (M.),  I/Art  chez  lea  Foua,  3fr.  50.    Second  Edition. 
History  and  Biography. 

Blok  (P.  J.),  Qeachiedenia  van  bet  nederlandschc  Volk, 
Part  VIII.,  10m.  50. 

*»*  All  Books  received  at  the  Office  up  to  Wednesday 
Morning  will  be  included  in  this  List  unless  previously 
noted.  Jhiblishers  are  requested  to  state  prices  when 
sending  Books. 


Kitoarj  (Bossip. 

The  articles  which  Mr.  II.  O.  Arnold' 

Forster,    MP.,    has    recently    contributed 

to    The   Standard   will    be   published   by 

Messrs.  Smith  A   Elder  in  book  form  before 

Parliament  reassembles,  under  the  title 
'  English  Socialism  To-day  :  its  Teaching 
and  its  Aims  Examined.'  The  object 
of  the  book  is  to  explain  in  simple  lan- 
guage the  character  of  the  Socialist 
doctrines  which  are  now  being  taught 
to  the  people  of  England  by  the  Social 
Democratic  Federation,  the  Independent 
Labour  Party,  and  the  Fabian  Society. 

Another  book  which  Messrs.  Smith 
&  Elder  will  publish  about  the  same  date 
as  Mr.  Arnold-Forster's  volume  is  Mr. 
Frederic  Harrison's  '  My  Alpine  Jubilee, 
1851-1907.'  Mr.  Harrison  was  the  guest 
of  the  Alpine  Club  at  their  recent  Jubilee, 
and  at  their  request  has  collected  some 
pieces  that  he  wrote  on  mountaineering 
from  his  own  experience,  which  preceded 
the  origin  of  the  Club.  Mr  Harrison  has 
prefixed  to  the  book  some  letters  which  he 
wrote  to  his  wife  and  daughter  during  a 
visit  to  Switzerland  last  year.  A  portrait 
of  the  author  will  be  the  frontispiece. 

Messrs.  Macmillan  &  Co.  promise 
'  The  Autobiography  of  Montagu  Burrcws,' 
edited  by  his  son,  which  should  be  of 
exceptional  interest ;  '  James  Thomson,' 
in  "  English  Men  of  Letters,"  by  Mr. 
G.  C.  Macaulay;  and  'The  Story  of  the 
Guides,'  by  Col.  G.  J.  Younghusband. 

Two  well-known  series  of  the  same 
publishers  are  to  have  notable  additions. 
Mr.  Morley's  '  Life  of  Cobden '  and  Prof. 
Ker's  '  Epic  and  Romance '  are  taking  on 
the  "  Eversley  "  crimson  ;  while  '  Lyrical 
Poems  of  T.  E.  Brown,'  selected  by  Mr. 
H.  F.  Brown  and  Mr.  H.  G.  Dakyns,  and 
four  '  Plays  of  vEschylus,'  rendered  by 
Mr.  E.  D.  A.  Morshead,  are  to  appear  in 
the  "  Golden  Treasury  "  form. 

The  two  new  volumes  of  the  "National 
Edition  "  of  Dickens  to  be  published  on 
the  15th  inst.  will  be  '  Edwin  Drood '  and 
'  Reprinted  Pieces.'  To  the  usual  con- 
tents of  the  latter  volume  will  be  added 
Dickens's  contributions  to  the  Morning 
Chronicle,  Daily  News,  Times,  Athenceum, 
Benllei/s  Miscellany,  Hood's  Magazine, 
Douglas  Jerrold's  Magazine,  The  Keep- 
sake, The  Cornhill,  and  The  Atlantic 
Monthly  ;  his  introductions  to  Adelaide 
Procter's  '  Legends  and  Lyrics,'  Over's 
'  Evenings  with  a  Working  Man,'  '  Life 
of  Grimaldi,'  and  '  Religious  Opinions  of 
Chauncy  Hare  Townshend '  ;  and  the 
novelist's  early  piece  '  Sunday  under 
Three  Heads,'  most  of  which  are  included 
for  the  first  time  in  a  collected  edition  of 
his  writings. 

On  the  15th  of  February  will  be  pub- 
lished the  two  volumes  of  '  Miscellaneous 
Papers  frcm  The  Examiner,  Household 
Words,  and  All  the  Year  Bound  ;  Plays  and 
Poems.'  Most  of  the  articles  and  sketches 
have  never  before  been  revealed  as  the 
work  of  the  novelist.  Some  ninety  con- 
tributions to  Household  Words  have  been 
secured   through    Mr.    R.    C.    Lehmann's 


courtesy   in  placing   at    the  disposal   of 

M-  Mrs.  Chapman  ft  Hall  the  contributors' 
tx  ok  of  that  periodical. 

The  volumes  will  contain  an  Introduc- 
tion by  Mr.  B.  W.  Matz,  the  editor  of 
The  Dirkensian,  who  has  arranged  the 
material,    and    generally    supervised    the 

publication,  of  this  handsome  edition, 
and  supplied  the  bibliographical  notes  to 
each  book.  Twenty  pictures,  by  Phiz, 
Leech,  Cruikshank,  E.  M.  Ward,  Clarkson 
Stanfield,  and  other  artists,  and  repro- 
ductions from  contemporary  prints,  have 
been  chosen  to  illustrate  the  text. 

The  Stuarts  engage  a  large  part  of 
The  Scottish  Historical  Review  for  January. 
There  are  two  Queen  Mary  papers  :  one 
on  her  relations  with  Maitland  of  Lething- 
ton — a  defence  of  the  Secretary  :  the 
other,  Mr.  Henderson's  reply  to  Mr. 
Lang  on  Casket  Letter  No.  II.  Prof. 
Terry  edits  Allan  Cameron's  narrative  of 
the  end  of  the  '15,  an  important  con- 
temporary text.  For  the  '45  the  career 
of  a  Border  Jacobite,  Henry  Ker  of 
Graden,  is  sketched.  Other  contents  in- 
clude a  Hebridean  legend  from  Campbell 
of  Tiree's  MSS.  ;  Bishop  Dowden's  notes 
on  Glasgow  bishops ;  Prof.  Sandys's 
critique  on  George  Buchanan ;  and 
Dr.  William  Wallace's  statement  on  the 
proposed  Scots  History  Chair. 

The  Publishers'  Circular  annual  summary 
of  classified  books  is  out.  New  books 
in  1907  reached  9,914,  or  1,311  more  than 
in  1906.  Fiction  has  decreased  slightly, 
but  increase  is  shown  in  Religion  and 
Philosophy,  Law,  History  and  Biography, 
Poetry,  and  Medicine ;  while  Arts, 
Sciences,  and  Illustrated  Works  have 
risen  from  452  new  books  and  47  new 
editions  to  863  and  246. 

A  definitive  reissue  of  the  novels  and 
tales  of  Mr.  Henry  James,  with  prefaces 
by  the  author,  is  announced  for  early 
publication  by  Messrs.  Scribner.  This 
"  New  York  Edition "  is  to  consist  of 
twenty-three  volumes,  and  Mill  contain 
all  of  his  work  that  Mr.  James  regards  as 
of  permanent  value. 

Mr.  Kipling  is  writing  a  .series  of 
articles  on  his  recent  experiences  in 
Canada.  These  will  shortly  be  published 
by  The  Morning  Post  under  the  title  of 
'  Letters  to  the  Family.' 

Early  this  month  Messrs.  Brown, 
Langham  &  Co.  will  publish  'Going through 
the  Mill,'  by  Mrs.  Gerald  Paget,  which 
is  neither  a  novel  nor  a  volume  of  essays, 
but  borrows  a  little  from  each  form.  It 
purports  to  describe  the  experiences  of  a 
lady  of  fashion  who,  tired  of  the  daily 
round  of  London  life,  attempts  to  follow 
out  the  teaching  of  her  ideal.  Incident- 
ally the  author  indulges  in  some  plain 
speaking  upon  many  interesting  topics. 

The  same  firm  will  also  have  ready  in  a 
few  weeks  new  editions  of  Mr.  Lacon 
Watson's  '  Benedictine  '  and  '  Reflections 
of  a  Householder.'  '  Benedictine '  has 
been  so  much  altered  as  to  be  virtually  a 
new  book. 

The  annual  meeting  of  the  New  Spalding 
Club  was  held  last  week  in  Edinburgh. 


No.  4184,  Jan.  4,  1908 


THE    ATHENiEUM 


17 


A  list  of  ten  works  approved  by  the 
Council  for  publication  by  the  Club  was 
submitted  in  the  Secretary's  report. 
These  include  a  third  volume  of  the 
'  Musa  Latina  Aberdonensis,'  a  second 
volume  of  tho  '  Records  of  Old  Aberdeen,' 
a  volume  of  '  Selections  from  the  Records 
of  the  County  cf  Banff,'  and  the  long- 
promised  collection  of  '  Folk-Music  of  the 
North-East  of  Scotland,'  edited  by  Mr. 
Gavin  Greig.  Prof.  Sanford  Terry  has  sug- 
gested that  a  Club  volume  supplementary 
to  his  '  Albemarle  Papers  '  might  be  based 
on  official  documents  in  the  Public  Record 
Office  which  throw  light  on  the  state  of 
Scotland  between  1748  and  1760,  and  to 
this  suggestion  the  Council  have  given 
their  assent. 

The  business  carried  on  by  Mr.  Elliot 
Stock  for  many  years  in  Paternoster  Row 
has  been  disposed  of  to  Mr.  Robert  Scott. 
The  transfer  takes  place  this  week.  Mr. 
Stock  will  retain  a  part  in  the  management, 
and  the  members  of  the  staff  will  be 
unchanged. 

The  death  last  Tuesday  of  the  Rev. 
Edgar  Sanderson  in  his  seventieth  year 
removes  a  well-known  writer  of  popular 
history.  His  '  History  of  the  British 
Empire  '  has  reached  a  twentieth  edition, 
and  his  book  on  '  The  Creed  and  the 
Church  '  attained  a  fifth  in  1892. 

The  week's  obituary  also  includes  the 
name  of  Mr.  Charles  Peters,  who  died 
at  Peaslake  on  Sunday  last  at  the  age  of 
fifty-three.  He  was  a  busy  and  genial 
journalist.  He  had  been  editor  of  The 
GirVs  Own  Paper  (which  was  his  own  idea) 
since  1879,  and  previously  sub-editor  of 
The  Quiver  and  CasselVs  Family  Magazine. 
He  was  one  of  the  promoters,  and  the  first 
Secretary,  of  Trinity  College,  London, 
a  man  of  generous  and  kindly  nature  who 
will  be  much  missed  by  his  friends  and 
fellow-workers. 

Trinity  College,  Cambridge,  has  by 
the  will  of  Sir  W.  G.  Pearce  become 
entitled  to  a  sum  of  400,000?.,  his  wife, 
who  had  a  life  interest  in  the  bequest, 
having  survived  him  by  less  than  two 
months.  That  the  University,  which 
is  hampered  by  lack  of  funds,  should, 
rather  than  the  best -endowed  college  at 
Cambridge,  have  been  the  recipient  of 
this  great  sum  is  a  natural  reflection. 
Perhaps  Trinity,  which  has  already  added 
to  literature  some  admirable  books  by  its 
Clark  Lectureship,  will  see  to  the  making 
of  a  Professor  of  English  or  of  Poetry. 

We  are  sorry  to  notice  the  death,  on 
Monday  week  last,  cf  Mr.  John  C.  Nimmo, 
once  a  well  -  known  publisher.  Mr. 
Nimmo  was  especially  associated  with  the 
issue  cf  handsome  editions  of  books  of 
permanent  value.  He  brought  out,  for 
instance,  the  excellent  :  Border  Waverley,' 
with  etchings  and  Mr.  Lang's  notes. 

We  have  also  to  regret  the  death  of  Mr. 
W.  M.  Thompson,  the  editor  of  Reynolds's 
Newspaper,  who  was  first  connected  with 
the  Belfast  News  Letter  and  the  Standard. 
Mr.  Thompson  was  a  vigorous  exponent 
of  modern  ideas  of  democracy. 

We  are  informed  by  Mr.  Burdctt- 
Coutts,  M.P.,  that  the  statement  in  our 


last  issue  that  "  Mr.  Charles  Osborne 
has  been  entrusted  with  the  task  of  com- 
posing a  biography  of  the  late  Baroness 
Burdett-Coutts "  is  incorrect  and  un- 
authorized. 

A  lecture  on  '  Wayfaring  Life  in 
Mediaeval  Ireland '  was  delivered  last 
week  before  the  National  Literary  Society, 
Dublin,  by  Mr.  H.  Egan  Kenny.  Mr. 
Kenny  has  gleaned  industriously  amongst 
the  fragmentary  documents  that  remain 
dealing  with  the  period  between  1100  and 
1600,  and  from  these  he  was  able  to 
construct  an  interesting  account  of  the 
condition  of  the  country,  its  exports — 
Ireland  was  then  one  of  the  chief 
granaries  of  Europe — its  inhabitants,  and 
the  state  of  civilization  towhich  it  attained 
during  the  centuries  succeeding  the  period 
of  its  greatest  literary  and  artistic  achieve- 
ment. One  of  the  features  of  Ireland's 
life  in  the  Middle  Ages  was  the  emigration 
of  her  scholars,  who  drifted  to  the  schools 
of  the  Continent  and  to  Oxford  and  Cam- 
bridge. 

A  course  of  training  for  the  Teacher's 
Diploma  of  the  University  of  Dublin  will 
begin  this  term  in  Alexandra  College. 
This  ccurse  has  been  instituted  with  the 
object  of  preparing  Irishwomen  for  the 
teaching  profession,  and  of  raising  the 
standard  of  the  instruction  given  in  Irish 
secondary  schools  for  girls. 

We  hear  that  the  fourth  volume  cf  the 
memoirs  of  Madame  de  Boigne  will 
contain  some  interesting  passages  on  the 
death  of  Talleyrand,  but  that  it  is  other- 
wise inferior  to  the  second,  and  hardly 
equal  even  to  the  third.  As  regards  the 
death  of  Talleyrand,  it  is  possible  that 
those  who  have  found  Madame  de  Boigne's 
story  interesting  may  have  overlooked 
the  passages  relating  to  the  same  event 
to  be  found  in  other  works.  The  fate 
of  Talleyrand's  brain  in  the  gutter  of  the 
Rue  Duphot  is  not  forgotten  by  English 
readers. 

The  Athenceum  once  pointed  out  that 
it  was  difficult  to  induce  some  English 
journalists  to  correct  a  misspelling  of  the 
name  of  the  present  Prime  Minister  of 
France  in  face  of  the  fact  that  an  accent 
was  placed  on  the  first  syllable  in  the 
collected  edition  of  his  works,  and  by 
the  greatest  of  French  critics  in  the 
Revue  des  Deux  Mondes.  Since  the  death 
of  M.  Brunetiere  the  spelling  cf  the  name 
has  been  corrected  in  La  Revue,  and  we 
now  hear  that  M.  Brunetiere  had  informed 
the  printers  that  the  error  was  to  be  left 
unaltered,  so  that  correction  was  im- 
possible until  a  change  of  editor  occurred. 

We  regret  to  hear  of  the  death  of  the 
distinguished  French  journalist  M.  Jean 
Joseph  Comely,  at  the  age  of  sixty-two. 
M.  Comely  studied  medicine,  but  did 
not  possess  the  means  to  obtain  his 
medical  degree  ;  and  after  a  short  turn 
at  teaching,  he  took  up  journalism.  He 
was  associated  with  the  Figaro  until  the 
death  of  Villemessant,  the  founder.  For 
a  time  he  contributed  to  the  Gaulois,  and 
then  started  an  "  organe  ardemmont 
legit imiste,"  Le  Clairon,  which  lasted  for 
three  years.     For   a  long   time   he   con- 


tributed to  Le  Matin.  He  then  returned 
to  the  Gaulois,  but  his  views  of  the 
Dreyfus  affair  compelled  him  to  retire,  and, 
after  a  short  connexion  with  the  Figaro, 
he  became  a  member  of  the  staff  of  the 
reorganized  Siecle.  He  was  the  author 
of  several  volumes,  notably  '  L'CEil  en 
Diable,'  1878  ;  '  La  France  et  son  Armee,' 
1887  ;  and  '  Rome  et  le  Jubile  de  Leon 
XIII.,'  1888.  M.  Comely  was  born  on 
January  15th,  1845. 

Another  veteran  French  journalist, 
M.  Adrien  Barbus-se,  died  on  Monday  last 
at  Hyeres.  He  was  long  associated  with 
Le  Siecle,  and  when  nearly  sixty  years  of 
age  joined  the  staff  of  the  Figaro,  where 
he  remained  for  ten  years.  He  started  a 
French  journal  in  London  under  the  title 
of  V International,  and  wrote  a  number 
of  novels  and  theatrical  pieces.  One  of 
the  latter,  a  drama  with  the  title  '  L' Affaire 
Coverley,'  was  successfully  produced  at 
the  Ambigu  in  Paris. 

The  well-known  Leipsic  publisher  and 
bookseller  Herr  Karl  W.  Hiersemann 
announces  for  early  publication  Dr.  Kon- 
rad  Burger's  supplement  to  Hain  and 
Panzer,  '  Beitrage  zur  Inkunabelbiblio- 
graphie,'  in  which  will  be  recorded,  we 
hope,  the  numerous  discoveries  made  by 
English  booksellers  and  bibliographers 
during  the  last  few  years. 

Few  Parliamentary  Papers  of  general 
interest  to  our  readers  have  been  recently 
published,  but  we  may  note  the  issue  cf  a 
Memorandum  on  the  Study  of  History  in 
Scottish  Schools  {\\d.). 

SCIENCE 


A    Bird    Collector's    Medley.     By    E.    C. 

Arnold.  (West,  Newman  &  Co.) 
Inasmuch  as  a  bird  collector  generally 
makes  it  his  business  to  acquire  a  far 
wider  knowledge  of  his  subject  than  his 
detractors  can  boast,  we  are  hardly  sur- 
prised to  find  in  Mr.  Arnold  an  admir- 
able apologist  for  what  bird  lovers  regard 
as  a  pernicious  hobby.  He  writes  in 
attractive  style,  and  though  the  con- 
sciousness of  having  the  weight  of  public 
opinion  against  him  makes  his  debating 
tone  somewhat  defiant,  he  advances 
many  very  specious  arguments  His  case 
is  the  stronger  because  he  dissociates 
himself  entirely  from  methods  of  indis- 
criminate slaughter  and  other  vices  of  the 
worse  type  of  collectors.  In  discussing 
the  question  of  bird  protection  Mr. 
Arnold  is  even  prepared  to  accept  certain 
self-denying  ordinances  as  a  basis  of 
compromise.  Indeed,  he  is  in  favour 
of  drastic  measures  of  reform  so  far  as 
they  concern  the  millinery  trade,  pro- 
fessional bird-catchers,  game-preservers, 
and  kindred  spirits.  But  when  he  writes, 
"  I  think  that  County  Councils  should 
specially  protect  throughout  the  year 
certain  birds  in  real  danger  of  exter- 
mination," we  can  hardly  believe1  his 
ingenuous  advice  to  be  given  in  good  faith. 
He  is  of  course  aware — and  alludes  (<>  the 
fact— that  the  County  Councils  have  long 
possessed  and  exercised  this  power  under 


is 


T  II  E     A  Til  KX.K  D  M 


N'u.  4184,  Jan.   1.  1908 


the    Wild    Birds'     Protection    Acts,    yet 

many  «>f  his  own  exploits  as  described  by 
hiniM'li'  have  been  planned  and  oarried 
out  in  absolute  disregard  of  such  orders. 
His  proposal  in  this  respect  is  merely 
adding  insult  to  injury.  As  lie  puts  the 
case,  their  is 

"a  small  class  of  birds  which  still  breeds 
sparingly  in  the  British  Isles,  and  whose 
numbers,  in  two  cases  at  all  events,  nro 
unlikely  ever  to  bo  recruited  from  abroad. 
Those  two  are  the  bearded  tit  and  the  Dart- 
ford  warbler  ;  and  the  others  that  belong 
to  somewhat  the  same  class  are  the  great 
bed  grebe,  the  dotterel,  the  roseate  tern, 
and  the  chough.  These  birds  need  protec- 
tion badly,  and  it  is  not  too  late  to  give  it 
them.  If  the  existing  laws  concerning  the 
close  season  were  rigorously  enforced,  three 
of  them  would  be  protected  enough,  as  they 
leave  this  country  in  the  autumn.  Special 
measures  should  be  taken  in  the  case  of  the 
first  two  and  the  last." 

A  little  later  there  is  the  assurance, 
"If  I  meet  a  Dartford  warbler,  it  is  to 
me  a  sacred  bird."  Now  elsewhere  in 
this  "  medley  "  of  his  Mr.  Arnold  devotes 
two  pages  to  telling  every  detail  of  his 
prolonged  and  finally  successful  efforts 
to  shoot  specimens  of  this  rarity,  whose 
sanctity  became  established  only  after 
the  accomplishment  of  the  quest.  This 
attitude  is  explained  in  the  Introduction, 
where  we  read  that  the  collector  of  Mr. 
Arnold's  type,  who  stuffs  his  own  birds, 
and  does  not  accumulate  an  unlimited 
number  of  specimens  in  the  form  of  skins, 

"  is  usually  contented  with  one  pair  of  any 
given  species,  if  only  because  he  has  no 
room  wherein  to  stow  away  a  larger  number  ; 
and  when  he  has  once  secured  a  couple,  the 
remaining  members  of  the  tribe  may  run 
the  gauntlet  of  his  ambush  with  impunity." 

Thus  Mr.  Arnold  considers  it  justifiable 
in  his  own  case  to  obtain  just  one  pair 
even  of  those  species  which  he  himself 
shows  to  be  in  urgent  need  of  special 
protection.  Crimine  ab  uno  disce  omnes. 
Few  collectors  show  any  genuine  con- 
sideration in  the  case  of  a  rare  bird,  what- 
ever their  professions  may  be.  There 
is  always  the  thought,  "If  I  do  not  get 
it,  some  one  else  will,"  and  the  chance 
seems  too  good  to  be  missed.  If  a 
collector's  own  needs  are  satisfied  in  that 
one  direction,  he  will  often  generously 
bethink  him  of  the  requirements  of  some 
friend — one  good  turn  deserves  another 
— and  so  it  goes  on.  Even  if  he  does 
draw  the  line  at  his  own  pair,  probably 
many  lives  are  sacrificed  before  he  is 
satisfied  with  his  specimens,  especially  if 
the  sexes  are  indistinguishable  before 
they  come  to  hand.  Mr.  Arnold  tells  us 
that  he  has  "  no  desire  to  hold  a  brief 
for  the  type  of  man  who  buys  his  speci- 
mens from  a  dealer,"  and  points  out  the 
infinite  harm  arising  from  that  prevalent 
practice.  In  such  cases,  however,  there 
is  at  least  a  likelihood  that  the  rarer 
individuals  are  supplied  from  abroad, 
whereas  the  man  who  shoots  all  his  own 
birds  points  with  pride  to  the  fact  that 
they  are  all  "  British  killed."  To  reduce 
the  matter  to  its  logical  conclusion,  it 
is  clear  that  long  before  every  such 
enthusiast  in  the  kingdom  has  contented 
himself  with  his  single  pair  of,  say,  Dart- 


ford  warblers,  that  particular  species  will 

be  lost  to  the  British  fauna. 

Birds  of  prey  and  the  raven  are  alluded 
to  as  a  class  reduced  to  the  verge  of 
extinction.  It  is  a  pity,  of  course,  that 
this  state  of  things  cannot  be  stopped; 
but  since  it  cannot,  "  the  killing  of  an 
odd  bird  or  so  by  collectors  is  a  matter 
of  very  small  moment,  after  all."  Now 
it  is  notorious  that  in  many  cases  the 
destruction  of  raptorial  birds  and  the 
taking  of  their  eggs  are  against  the  distinct 
orders  of  enlightened  landowners  Mis- 
taken zeal  on  the  part  of  the  gamekeeper 
is  responsible  for  a  great  deal,  but  the 
mischief  is  much  aggravated  by  the 
amateur  collector — pace  Mr.  Arnold,  the 
average  amateur  collector — who  has  made 
it  worth  the  man's  while  to  risk  the  dis- 
obedience. 

Of  such  birds  as  the  ruff,  the  avocet, 
the  black-tailed  godwit,  the  black  tern, 
the  bittern,  and  the  bustard,  Mr.  Arnold 
remarks  that  drainage  and  land-reclaiming 
have  banished  them  for  ever  as  breeding 
species.     "  The  shooting,"  he  says, 

"  of  such  stragglers  as  turn  up  on  migration 
in  the  autumn  does  not  make  the  slightest 
difference  to  the  chance  of  their  breeding  in 
England  again.  They  belong  to  another 
branch  of  the  family,  with  another  habitat 
and  another  breeding  area." 

That  is  as  it  may  be,  and  Mr.  Arnold  had 
no  scruples  about  dispatching  a  bittern 
which  once  "  blundered  up  "  in  front  of 
him  in  the  Fen  country  ;  but  the  fact 
remains — as  he  himself  tells  us — that, 
according  to  a  persistent  rumour,  these 
splendid  birds  have  been  once  again 
breeding  successfully  in  their  ancient 
haunt.  Where,  then,  did  the  new  stock 
come  from,  if  not  from  another  habitat 
and  another  breeding  area  ? 

In  dealing  with  the  next  class  of  birds 
Mr.  Arnold  is  on  more  defensible  ground. 
The  acquisition  of  "  accidentals  " — out- 
side the  close  season — seems  to  us  the 
most  harmless  feature  of  the  collecting 
hobby.     It  is  argued  that 

"  there  is  no  chance  of  their  becoming 
British  species  in  the  proper  sense  of  the 
term  ;  they  are  mostly  common  enough  in 
their  real  habitat,  and  the  shooting  of  these 
odd  birds  makes  no  difference  whatever 
to  the  chance  of  their  appearing  in  Eng- 
land another  year.  They  have  got  sepa- 
rated from  their  species  and  proper  home, 
and  are  doomed.  I  say,  without  hesitation, 
that  the  best  fate  that  can  befall  them  is  to 
be  shot  by  some  one  who  can  appreciate  their 
beauties." 

Many  a  new  species  woidd  undoubtedly 
escape  observation,  and  could  not  be 
positively  identified,  but  for  the  shot 
that  lays  it  low,  and  the  cause  of  science 
is  advanced  to  that  extent.  There  arc 
museums  to  be  supplied,  and  Mr.  Arnold 
shoots  every  blue-throat  he  comes  across 
to  present  it  to  such  institutions.  Against 
this  kind  of  slaughter  the  outcry  is, 
perhaps,  ill  -  considered,  and  apt  to  do 
real  harm  by  confusing  the  main  issue. 
These  prizes  are  not  picked  up  without 
an  infinite  amount  of  patience  and  ob- 
servation. The  real  point  is  that  the 
collector  who    confines    his    attention  to 


these  waifs  and  stray-  need  not  be  taken 
into  consideration,  for  he  does  not  exist. 

Finally,  referring  to  the  bulk  of  our 
commoner  birds,  Mr.  Arnold  says  : — 

"  I  doubt  whether  any  of  these  have 
become  rarer  in  recent  years.  The  establish- 
ment of  the  existing  close  season  seems  to 
have  just  met  the  case  so  far  as  they  are 
concerned.  Birds  like  hawfinches  and  gold- 
finches are  unquestionably  on  the  increase 
in  nearly  every  part  of  England." 

This  is  probably  true,  but  we  fear  that  we 
must  not  look  to  collectors  and  other 
kinds  of  human  raptorials  to  restore  the 
balance  of  nature,  which  has  been  so 
much  disturbed  by  the  disappearance 
of  the  birds  of  prey.  It  is  just  those 
species  that  are  in  danger  of  becoming 
too  numerously  represented  which  escape 
the  attentions  of  collectors.  Moreover,  it 
is  an  open  secret  that  among  the  latter  the 
so-called  close  season  is  evaded  on  every 
possible  occasion,  for  the  reason  that 
specimens  taken  in  full  breeding  plumage 
are  always  preferred  to  those  killed  during 
the  rest  of  the  year. 

Meanwhile,  however,  Mr.  Arnold  and 
most  of  the  more  public -spirited  collectors 
are  prepared  to  support  any  scheme  for 
reserving  a  few  well-chosen  sanctuaries 
of  the  type  of  the  Fame  Islands  and 
Wicken  Fen,  where  birds  may  breed  with- 
out any  interference.  Whether  it  would 
be  practicable,  as  he  suggests,  to  include 
the  New  Forest,  is  extremely  doubtful 
so  long  as  gipsies  are  free  to  roam  at 
large  there. 

Mr.  Arnold,  in  defence  of  his  favourite 
pastime,  is  unfortunately  able  to  score 
several  neat  points  at  the  expense  of 
some  of  his  critics,  whose  "  astounding 
simplicity  "  delivers  them  into  his  hands  ; 
while  he  has  his  rejoinder  ready  for  the 
"  eminent  naturalist,  who  has  possibly 
amassed  a  fine  collection  in  his  youth,  and 
has  now  taken  up  the  fashionable  cry, 
'  Why  can't  he  be  content  to  use  only 
his  field-glasses  ?  '  "  In  fact,  Mr.  Arnold 
is  thoroughly  in  earnest  with  respect  to 
his  own  etliical  standpoint,  and  if  it  is 
not  unassailable,  it  at  any  rate  deserves 
a  measure  of  respect. 

The  thick-and-thin  bird  protector  will 
certainly  lay  aside  the  book  with  a  feeling 
of  intense  exasperation  at  the  circum- 
stantial recital  of  the  various  captures 
and  the  gloating  thereupon.  But  pre- 
sumably Mr.  Arnold  has  not  sought  to  con- 
ciliate such  people,  and  he  has  produced 
a  volume  which  will  not  fail  to  delight 
those  of  his  own  way  of  thinking.  He  is 
an  artist  of  no  mean  order,  as  is  evident 
from  the  twenty  full-page  illustrations, 
some  of  which  are  beautifully  coloured. 
Possibly  his  pencil  and  brush  will  one  day 
wean  him  from  the  gun.  We  wonder 
why  he  speaks  more  than  once  of  the 
lesser  black-headed  gull. 

If  for  no  other  reason,  we  shall  remember 
this  book  for  the  unconscious  humour 
of  a  truly  Gilbertian  paradox  that  we 
have  culled  from  a  chapter  on  bird  pre- 
serving :  "  One's  efforts  to  preserve  a 
bird  should  begin  the  moment  it  is  shot." 


No.  4184,  Jan.  4,  1908 


THE    ATHENAEUM 


19 


ANTHROPOLOGICAL    NOTES. 

M.  Geokges  Coubty  communicated  to  a 
recent  meeting  of  the  Society  of  Anthro- 
pology of  Paris  a  preliminary  note  to  a 
study  of  the  petroglyphs  in  various  parts 
of  tho  world  as  the  first  manifestations  of 
human  thought,  from  which  he  hopes  to 
draw  some  general  conclusions.  M.  Manou- 
vrier  furnished  the  measurements  of  the 
crania  and  other  bones  found  in  the  dolmen  of 
Menonville  (Seine-et-Oise)  by  MM.  Fouju 
and  Lemaire,  including  one  trepanned 
skull.  M.  Nippgen  read  a  memoir  on  the 
origin  and  period  of  the  borrowing  of 
ancient  German  words  by  the  Finnish  lan- 
guages of  the  Baltic,  founded  on  the  work  of 
Setala.  M.  Alexandre  Schenk,  Professor  of 
Anthropology  in  the  University  of  Lausanne, 
made  a  communication  on  the  populations 
of  Switzerland  from  the  Palaeolithic  period 
to  the  Gallo-Helvetian  epoch,  in  which  he 
gave  a  table  classifying  the  remains  of 
prehistoric  and  protohistoric  times  of 
Switzerland  belonging  to  the  Palaeolithic, 
Mesolithic,  Neolithic,  Bronze,  and  Iron 
Ages,  and  the  various  subdivisions  of  those 
ages.  Dr.  Wateff  of  Sofia  recorded  a 
curious  series  of  observations  of  pigmentary 
patches  on  the  skin  of  Bulgarian  children, 
with  microscopic  preparations,  showing  that 
the  origin  of  the  pigment  is  somewhat 
deeply  imbedded  in  the  skin,  and  is  not 
wholly  superficial.  M.  Louis  Lapicque  fur- 
nished a  diagram,  constructed  on  a  loga- 
rithmic scale,  showing  in  a  graphic  manner 
the  relations  between  the  weight  of  the 
body  and  that  of  the  brain  in  various  species 
of  animals. 

The  School  of  Anthropology  of  Paris 
has  now  completed  tho  thirtieth  year  of 
its  existence,  having  been  established  in 
1876,  and  has  celebrated  the  occasion  by 
the  publication  of  an  interesting  and  useful 
record,  having  for  frontispiece  a  portrait 
of  Broca,  the  founder  of  the  school,  which 
was  recognized  as  of  "  public  utility  by  a 
law  of  1889. 

Dr.  Thulie,  the  present  Director  of  the 
School,  is  the  author  of  the  history  of  its 
progress  contained  in  the  volume,  and  he 
mentions  that  the  first  occasion  within  his 
knowledge  in  which  the  word  "  antliro- 
pology  "  was  used,  in  the  sense  that  we  now 
give  to  it,  was  at  a  banquet  in  1800  to 
organize  a  society  of  observers  of  man, 
when  a  toast  was  drunk  to  the  progress  of 
anthropology.  In  1839  Seyres,  who  was 
then  Professor  of  the  Natural  History  of 
Man,  added  to  the  title  of  his  professorship 
that  of  Professor  of  Anthropology,  in  which 
he  was  succeeded  by  Quatrefages  in  1855. 
The  School  of  Anthropology  was  organized 
by  a  society  for  tho  teaching  of  the  anthro- 
pological sciences  founded  by  Broca  in 
1875,  and  claims  to  be  the  earliest  of  all 
similar  foundations,  and  to  be  more  complete 
in  its  organization  than  any  other,  though 
it  still  wants  adequate  means  to  expand  its 
teaching.  To  this  paper  is  appended  an 
account  of  the  several  professorships,  the 
p'-r.sons  by  whom  they  have  been  held,  and 
the  subjects  which  have  been  treated  in 
successive  years.  This  is  followed  by  a 
bibliography  of  the  anthropological  works 
of  each  of  the  professors  of  the  school, 
beginning  with  Broca,  the  titles  of  whose 
memoirs  (1861-79)  alone  occupy  twelve 
pages,  a  number  only  equalled  by  thoso  of 
tho  late  M.  Gabriel  de  Mortillet  (1851-98). 
This  list  adds  an  element  of  permanent 
value  to  the  publication. 

To  Man  for  Docembor  Prof.  Naville  con- 
tributes an  interesting  account  of  tho  ex- 
cavations at  Doir-el-Bahari  during  the 
scHson  1906-7,  which  brought  that  work 
to  a  close,  aftor  it  had  occupied  the  Egypt 


Exploration  Fund  since  1893,  with  an 
interruption  of  a  few  years.  It  has  com- 
pletely disclosed  the  plan  of  the  funerary 
temple  of  Mentuhetop  II.,  no  other  temple 
of  a  similar  type  having  been  discovered  in 
Egypt. 

Mr.  Andrew  Lang  comments  on  the  pro- 
hibition to  seethe  a  kid  in  its  mother's  milk, 
which  occurs  thrice  in  the  Old  Testament. 
His  view,  as  we  understand  him,  is  that  the 
injunction  is  not  against  boiling  milk,  or 
against  cooking  flesh  in  it,  or  against  boiling 
a  kid  in  milk  at  large.  Any  flesh  may  be 
boiled  in  milk  ;  any  milk  may  be  boiled  ; 
any  kid  may  be  boiled  in  any  milk  but  that 
of  its  own  dam,  as  far  as  the  rule  goes.  He 
traces  it  to  a  sentiment  of  compassion  and  a 
feeling  against  brutality  towards  animals, 
and  does  not  accept  Dr.  Frazer's  theory, 
which  had  been  independently  suggested  by 
Mr.  Marcel  Mauss. 

The   Corresponding   Societies    Committee 
of  the  British  Association   has    selected  for 
special  notice  twenty-one  contributions   to 
anthropology  from  the  tran?actions  of  thir- 
teen local  affiliated  societies  during  the  year 
ended  May  31st,   1907.     The  Somersetshire 
Archaeological  and  Natural  History  Society 
and  the  Dumfriesshire  and  Galloway  Natural 
History  and  Antiquarian  Society  each  con- 
tribute    three     papers     to     the     fist.     The 
Somersetshire    papers    are    by    Mr.    Bulleid 
on  a  prehistoric  boat  found  at   Shapwick, 
by  Mr.  St.  George  Gray  on  the  stone  circle 
on  Withypool  Hill,  and  by  both  those  authors 
jointlyron  the  Glastonbury  Lake  village.    The 
Dumfriesshire  papers  are  by  Mr.  J.  Barbour 
on    the    excavations    of    Lochrutton    Lake 
dwelling,  by  Mr.  J.  Corrie  on  the  Loch  Urr 
crannog,  and  by  Mr.  J.  Lennox  on  excava- 
tions at  the  site  of  the  monastery  of  Dumfries. 
Two  papers  in  The  Essex  Naturalist  are  by 
Mr.  F.  W.  Reader  on  the  pile-dwelling  site 
at  Skitts'  Hill,  and  by  Mr.  W.  Cole  on  some 
"red  hills."     Mr.   Meyrick  contributed  his 
annual  anthropometric  report  and  an  account 
of  the  opening  of  a  barrow  near  Manton  to 
the   Marlborough    College    Natural    History 
Society.     Mr.     Barnes    and    Mr.     Brodrick 
sent    a    paper    on    a    recently    discovered 
skeleton  in  Scoska  Cave,  and  Mr.  G.  T.  Vine 
one  on  science  and  child-study,  to  the  South- 
port  Society  of  Natural  Science  ;    and  Mr. 
L.   Peringuet    a  paper  on    rock  engravings 
of  animals  and  hitman  figures,  the  work  of 
aborigines,  and  Mr.  W.  L.  Sclater  on  some 
recently  discovered  inscribed  stones,  to  the 
South   African   Philosophical   Society.     The 
other  papers,  each  contributed  to  a  separate 
local  society,  are  by  Sir  John  Evans,  on  a 
recent  Palaeolithic  discovery  near  Rickmans- 
worth.  to  the  Hertfordshire  Natural  History 
Society  ;  by  Mr.  W.  G  Clarke  on  the  classi- 
fication of  Norfolk  flint  implements,  to  the 
Norfolk  and    Norwich  Naturalists'  Society  ; 
by    Mr.    T.    J.    Beeston    on  rock  dwellings 
at     Drakelow     and     Blakeshall     Common, 
to    the    Worcestershire    Naturalists'     Club  ; 
by  the    Rev    E.    M.    Cole    on    Roman    re- 
mains at  Filey,  to  the  Yorkshire  Geological 
Society  ;    by  Mr.   J.   Kewloy  on  a  cinerary 
urn  from  Balahot,  to  the  Isle  of  Man  Natural 
History  and  Antiquarian  Society  ;    by  Dr. 
J.  Lyoll  on  some  aspects  of  tho  new  cranio- 
locy,  to  the  Perthshire  Society  of  Natural 
Science  ;     and   by   Mr.    W.   J.    Knowles   on 
stone-axe  factories  near  Cushondall,  to  the 
Belfast     Naturalists'    Field    Club.      Though 
not  so  numerous  as  in  some  previous  years, 
these  papers  record  much  original  research. 
Prof.   Dr.   R.   Martin  of  Zurich  has  con- 
tributed   to    the    German    Anthropological 
Society  a  system  of  physical  anthropology 
and     anthropological     bibliography,     which 
lias  beon  published   in   vol.   xxxviii.   of   the 
Korrcspondcnzbhilt    of    that    society.     In    a 
preliminary     note     he    reviews     the     many 


attempts  at  classification  which  have  been 
made  by  previous  writers,  and  shows  himself 
fully  conversant  with  all  that  has  been 
written  in  this  country  on  that  subject. 


ATTIS    AND    CHRIST. 

Trinity  College,  Cambridge,  Dec.  18, 1907. 

In  my  book  '  Adonis,  Attis,  Osiris,'  I 
followed  the  learned  Church  historian  Mon- 
signore  Duchesne  in  adducing  evidence  that 
in  early  days  the  Christian  Church  at  Rome 
and  elsewhere  celebrated  Easter  at  the  spring 
equinox,  which  the  ancients  reckoned  to 
fall  on  the  25th  of  March.  Further,  I  pointed 
out,  what  Monsignore  Duchesne  omitted  to 
notice,  that,  if  we  are  right  in  this  view,  the 
Christians  at  Rome  must  have  been  cele- 
brating the  death  and  resurrection  of  Cln-ist 
at  the  very  same  time  when  the  heathen  were 
celebrating  the  death  and  resurrection  of 
Attis  ;  for  these  solemn  rites  of  Attis,  includ- 
ing an  effigy  of  the  dead  god  tied  to  a  tree 
like  Christ  to  the  cross,  had  been  annually 
solemnized  at  Rome  centuries  before  the 
establishment  of  Christianity.  This  remark- 
able coincidence  appeared  to  me  to  furnish 
a  sufficient  ground  for  conjecturing  that  the 
Church  had  purposely  timed  its  Easter 
festival  to  coincide  with  the  similar  pagan 
festival  for  the  sake  of  diverting  the  devotion 
of  the  heathen  from  Attis  to  Christ.  A 
strong  confirmation  of  this  theory  is  supplied 
by  a  passage  in  an  anonymous  Cliristian 
work  of  the  fourth  century  a.d.,  to  which 
my  learned  friend  Prof.  Franz  Cumont  of 
Brussels  has  just  called  my  attention.  He 
had  himself  pointed  the  passage  out,  and 
emphasized  its  significance,  in  an  article 
'  La  Polemique  de  l'Ambrosiaster  contre  les 
Paiens,'  published  in  the  Revue  d'Histoire 
et  de  Litterature  religieuses,  viii.  (1903), 
p.  419.  I  much  regret  that  both  the  ancient 
passage  and  Prof.  Cumont's  article  were 
unknown  to  me  when  my  book  was  written, 
otherwise  I  would  gladly  have  cited  both 
to  confirm  the  inference  I  had  independently 
drawn  from  the  coincidence  and  the  resem- 
blance of  the  two  festivals. 

As  the  testimony  of  this  anonymous 
Christian  writer  is  of  some  interest,  and  is 
probably  known  to  few  Enslish  readers,  I 
will  quote  it  in  full  from  Migne's  '  Patro- 
logia  Latina,'  vol.  xxxv.  col.  2279.  The 
work  from  which  it  is  extracted  bears  the 
title  of  '  Quaestiones  Veteris  et  Novi  Testa- 
menti,'  and  is  printed  with  the  works  of 
Augustine,  though  internal  evidence  is  said 
to  show  that  it  cannot  be  by  that  Father, 
and  that  it  was  written  three  hundred  years 
after  the  destruction  of  Jerusalem.  The 
part  of  it  which  concerns  us  occurs  in  the 
84th  Question,  and  runs  thus  : — 

"  Diabolus  autem,  qui  est  satanas,  ut  fallacies 
siue  auctoritatem  aliquam  possit  adhibere,  et 
mendacia  sua  commentitia  veritate  colorarc.  prituo 
nienso  quo  sacramenta  dominioa  scit  celebranda, 
quia  non  mediocris  potential  est,  Paganis  qua; 
observarent  instituit  inysteria.  ut  aninias  eoruiu 
duabus  ex  causis  in  errore  dctineret :  ut  quia 
prsevenit  veritatem  fallacia,  melius  quiddam 
fallacia  videretur,  quasi  antiquitate  pnejudicans 
veritatL  Et  quia  in  primo  mense,  in  quo 
Bequinoetium  habent  Bomani,  sicut  et  nos,  ea  ipsa 
ooservatio  ab  his  ouatoditur ;  ita  etiam  per 
sanguincm  dioant  expiationem  fieri,  Biout  et  nos  per 
erucem  :  hao  versutia  Paganos  detinet  in  errore,  ut 
putent  veritatem  aoatram  imitationem  potius 
videri  quam  veritatem,  quasi  per  emulationem 
superstitions  quadam  inventam.  Nee  enim  verum 
potest,  inquiunt,  reatimari  quod  postea  est 
inventam.  Sed  quia  apud  nos  pro  oerto  Veritas 
est,  et  ab  initio  bar  est,  virtutum  atqae  pro- 
digiorum  Bigna  perhibent  testimonium,  ut,  teste 
virtute,  diaboli  improbitaa  innotesoat." 

1  agree  with  Prof.  Cumont  in  holding  that 
in  this  passage  the  pagan  mysteries  which 


20 


T  II  E     AT  II  KXvEUM 


No.  4184,  Jan.  4,  1008 


the  writer  speaks  of  as  celebrated  with 
bloody  expiatory  rites  ai  the  equinox  in  t in- 
first  month  <>f  the  (<>ld)  Roman  year,  that  is, 

in   Man  h,   can   only   be   the  g^eat    festival   of 

At i is.  which  was  officially  celebrated  in  Home 
at  this  very  time,  and  of  which  ono  day  was 
known  as  (lie  Day  of  Blood.  If  the  testi- 
mony of  this  anonymous  writer  does  not 
prove  that  the  ecclesiastical  authorities 
dated  Kaster  at  this  time  on  purpose  to  eclipse 
a  heathen  rival,  at  least  it  proves  that  the 
coincidence  and  the  similarity  of  the  two 
festivals  attracted  the  attention  of  both 
sides,  and  formed  a  theme  of  bitter  contro- 
versy between  them,  the  pagans  contending 
that  the  resurrection  of  Christ  was  a  spurious 
imitation  of  the  resurrection  of  Attis,  and 
the  Christians  asserting  with  equal  warmth 
that  the  resurrection  of  Attis  was  a  diabolical 
counterfeit  of  the  resurrection  of  Christ. 
In  these  bickerings  the  pagans  took  what  to  a 
superficial  observer  might  seem  strong 
ground  by  arguing  that  their  god  was  the 
older,  and  therefore  presumably  the  original, 
not  the  counterfeit,  since  as  a  general  rule  an 
original  is  older  than  its  copy.  This  feeble 
argument  the  Christians  easily  rebutted  by 
falling  back  on  the  subtlety  of  Satan,  who  on 
so  important  an  occasion  had  surpassed  him- 
self by  ingeniously  inverting  the  usual  order 
of  nature.  J.  G.  Frazer. 


SOCIETIES. 


Geological. — Dec.  18.— Sir  Archibald  Geikie, 
President,  in  the  chair. — Messrs.  T.  S.  Parrott, 
E.  H.  Pascoe,  and  R.  K.  Paton  were  elected 
Fellows  ;  Commendatore  Arturo  Issel,  Professor  of 
Geology  in  the  University  of  Genoa,  was  elected  a 
Foreign  Member  ;  and  Dr.  Armin  Baltzer,  Professor 
of  Geology  in  the  University  of  Berne,  and  Baron 
Gerard  Jakob  de  Geer,  of  Stockholm,  were  elected 
Foreign  Correspondents.  The  following  communi- 
cations were  read  :  '  Some  Recent  Discoveries  of 
Palaeolithic  Implements,'  by  Sir  John  Evans, — and 
'  On  a  Deep  Channel  of  Drift  at  Hitchin,  Hert- 
fordshire,' by  Mr.  W.  Hill. 


Ljnneax. — Dec.  19. — Prof.  W.  A.  Herdman, 
President,  in  the  chair. — The  President  read  an 
address  to  H.M.  Gustaf  V.  of  Sweden  on  the  death 
of  the  late  Honorary  Member  H.M.  Oscar  II., 
which  was  signed  b}'  the  President  and  Secretaries, 
and  ordered  to  be  sent  to  his  Excellency  the 
Swedish  Minister  for  transmission.  —  Prof.  F. 
Keeble,  Miss  Eva  Whitley,  and  Mr.  W.  R.  W. 
Williams  were  admitted. — Mr.  J.  M.  Hector  and 
Mr.  C.  F.  M.  Swynnerton  were  elected  Fellows ; 
and  Mr.  H.  C.  Chadwick  was  elected  an  Associate. 
— Dr.  G.  Archdall  Reid  read  his  paper  '  On  Mendel- 
ism  and  Sex.'  The  President  having  invited  dis- 
cussion, the  following  speakers  took  part :  Mr. 
A.  0.  Walker,  Mr.  J.  T.  Cunningham  (visitor), 
Mr.  A.  D.  Darbishire  (visitor),  Dr.  W.  T.  Caiman, 
Mr.  G.  P.  Mudge  (visitor),  Prof.  Dendy,  Sir  E. 
Ray  Lankester,  and  Prof.  Poulton,  Dr.  Archdall 
Reid  briefly  replying. 

Faraday.—  Dec.  17.— Dr.  F.  M.  Perkin,  Trea- 
surer, in  the  chair. — Dr.  F.  G.  Donnan  read  a  paper 
on  '  A  Physico-Chemical  Study  of  the  Complex 
Copper  Glycocoll  Sulphates,'  by  Mr.  J.  T.  Barker. 
— Dr.  Perkin  read  a  paper  on  '  The  Discovery  of 
the  Alkali  Metals  by  Davy  ;  the  Bearing  of  the 
Discovery  upon  Industry.'  The  lecture  was  illus- 
trated with  lantern-slides. 


K  i  I,        A  1 1  j 

Philological,   -      'On    U,r    I!   Words    I    am   editing    for    the 
Dictionary,  i>r   \v.  A  Cmlglr. 


MEETINGS  NEXT  WEEK. 
Royal  Academy,  4.— 'Criticism:  a  Homily,'  No.  I.,  Sir  Hubert 

von  Ilcrkomer. 
London  Institution,  &.— 'The  Problems  of  n  Great  City,' Mr. 

Arnold  White. 
Surveyors'  Institution,  7.— Junior  Meeting. 
Aristotelian,    8.— 'Prof.    James's    Pragmatism,'    Mr.    G.    E. 

Moore. 
Royal  Institution,  :i— '  Astronomy.  Old  and  New,'  Lecture  V. 

Sir  David  (Jill.     (Juvenile  Lecture.) 
Geological.  8.-' On  tlie  Application  of  Quantitative  Methods 

to  the  Study  of  the  Structure  and  History  of  Rooks,'  Ilr.  II. 

Clifton  Sorby:  '  Chronology  of  the  Glacial  Period  in  North 

America,'  Prof.  G.  F.  Wright. 
Turns.  Royal  Institution,  .'I.— 'Astronomy,  Old  and  New,' Lecture  VI., 

Sir  David  (Jill.     (Juvenile  Lecture  I 

—  Royal    Academy,    4—' Sight    and    Seeing,'  Sir    Huhcrt    von 

Herkomer. 

—  London   Institution,  0.— 'Some  Survivals  in  Folklore,'  Rev. 

A.  Smyths  Palmer. 

—  institution  of  Electrical  Engineers,  8.— 'Cost  of    Electrical 

Power  for  Industrial  Purines,'  Mr.  J.  F.  C.  Snvll. 


Mox. 


Ton. 

Who. 


^ftmrc  (fiossip. 

Messrs.  Macmillan's  new  books  in  science 
include  •  African  Nature  Notes  and  Reminis- 
cences/, by  Mr.  F.  C.  Selous ;  '  The  Origin  of 
a  Land  Flora,'  by  Prof.  F.  O.  Bower;  and 
'Lessons  in  Hygienic  Physiology,'  by  Mr. 
Walter  M.  Coleman. 

The  catalogue  of  Greek  and  Latin  medical 
manuscripts  undertaken  by  the  Berlin  and 
Copenhagen  Academies  (see  Athenaeum, 
Dec.  16,  1905)  has  now  been  completed,  and 
the  International  Association  of  Academies 
has  sanctioned  the  publication,  by  the 
Academies  of  Berlin,  Copenhagen,  and 
Leipsic,  of  the  '  Corpus  Medicorum.'  There 
will  be  thirty-two  volumes  of  '  Medici 
Graeci  '  to  begin  with. 

Dr.  Pracka  of  the  Bamberg  Observatory 
has  detected  variability  in  a  small  star 
near  RS  Aurigae,  which  is  numbered 
+46°.1088  in  the  Bonn  '  Durchmusterung,' 
and  is  rated  of  9'5  magnitude  there.  From 
several  observations  obtained  by  Prof. 
Hartwig  and  himself,  he  finds  that  the 
brightness  varies  between  89  and  96  magni- 
tudes, and  that  the  period  is  probably  be- 
tween 18  and  28  days.  The  star  will  be 
reckoned  in  a  general  list  as  var.  180,  1907, 
Aurigje. 


FINE   ARTS 


OUR    LIBRARY    TABLE. 

Eugene  Delacroix.  By  Dorothy  Bussy. 
(Duckworth  &  Co.) — "  Eugene  Delacroix," 
says  the  author  of  this  spirited  little  pane- 
gyric, "  is  little  more  than  a  name  in  Eng- 
land "  ;  and  she  proceeds  to  claim  for  him 
a  supremacy  which  it  might  be  difficult  to 
establish  in  presence  of  his  pictures,  but 
which  the  public  may  be  induced  to  allow 
him  so  long  as  he  remains  a  legendary  leader 
in  "  those  vital  movements  which  have 
made  the  art  of  the  nineteenth  century 
supremely  fruitful  and  inspiring."  Some- 
what too  much  has  scientific  criticism  in- 
sisted on  him  as  a  revolutionary  figure, 
the  father  of  the  modern  movement,  which 
as  a  matter  of  fact  speedily  developed,  as 
Mrs.  Bussy  points  out,  in  directions  far 
different  from  those  he  foreshadowed,  for 
in  France  Romanticism,  wdth  its  costumes 
and  its  heroics,  was  promptly  replaced  by 
a  school  of  greater  vitality. 

In  England,  however,  the  home  of  its 
origin,  it  dragged  on  an  existence,  in  various 
degenerate  forms,  almost  to  the  present  day, 
and  inevitably  we  are  more  heartily  sick 
of  a  certain  side  of  the  work  of  Delacroix 
than  they  are  in  France.  Many  of  his 
qualities  have  for  some  time  past  been  so 
out  of  fashion  that  had  his  pictures  been 
shown  amongst  us  in  any  quantity,  it  is 
probable  that  he  would  have  been  respect- 
fully placed  upon  the  shelf  along  with  so 
excellent  a  painter  as,  say,  Sir  John  Gilbert, 
who  belongs  to  the  same  period.  Tempera- 
mentally Delacroix  may  differ  from  our  own 
Romantics,  but  he  so  far  shared  their  aims 
and  their  origins  that,  judged  by  English 
standards,  he  seems  less  strange,  loss  original, 
than  among  his  own  countrymen.  Thus 
there  seems  to  us  exaggeration  when  Mrs. 
Bussy  speaks  of  him  as  "  an  isolated  peak," 
declares  that  "  his  works  resemblo  those 
of  no  other  master,  ancient  or  modern," 
and  brings  forth  Michael  Angelo  as  "  the 
only  painter  to  whom  we  may  fitly  compare 
Delacroix."     If  wo  were  asked  to  name  an 


earlier  artist  of  analogous  temperament, 
we  should  rather  choose  El  Greco,  who  seems 
to  have  hud  the  same  re.sth  -  ambition  for 
tasks  beyond  his  physical  strength,  the  same 
love  of  tortuous  and  fantastic  shapes,  the  same 
tendency  to  lay  stress  in  his  compositions 
on  the  more  slender  forms,  the  shriller 
notes  of  colour.  Nor  can  we  fail  to  see  that 
the  dark  and  lurid  imaginings  of  Delacroix 
had  their  parallels  among  his  contemporaries 
and  successors,  not  in  the  art  of  painting, 
but  in  certain  lesser  arts  for  which  they 
are  as  well  suited.  Some  of  the  lithographs 
here  reproduced  remind  us  how  a  little  later, 
in  the  '  Contes  Drolatiques,'  Dore  worked 
the  same  vein,  more  flippantly  perhaps, 
but  with  hardly  less  power.  There  is  also 
a  '  Faust  '  illustration  of  two  riders  by  a 
gibbet  (pp.  50-1)  which  a  casual  observer 
would  not  hesitate  to  pronounce  a  thoroughly 
typical  Cruikshank  ;  and  when  it  is  remem- 
bered how  different  were  their  Uvea  and 
ostensible  aims,  it  is  wonderful  what  simi- 
larity there  is  in  Delacroix  and  his  great 
English  contemporary  when  they  attack 
such  themes.  The  ferocity,  the  unscrupulous 
use  of  black  and  white  to  get  sensational 
effect,  and  the  intense  sympathy  with  night- 
terrors  are  the  same  in  both. 

In  a  series  there  is  always  a  tendency 
to  allot  each  artist  to  a  writer  especially 
susceptible  to  his  attractions,  so  that 
one  after  another  is  awarded  a  super- 
lative place  in  a  manner  somewhat  con- 
fusing to  the  reader.  As  monotonous  he 
may  find  the  critic's  conduct  in  whittling 
down  these  pretensions  to  more  reasonable 
proportions.  Great  man  as  he  was,  Dela- 
croix calls  more  than  most  artists  for  the 
latter  treatment.  He  has  a  great  name, 
but  a  name  made  for  him  largely  by  littera- 
teurs, whose  judgments,  however  persuasively 
put,  are  apt  to  be  untrustworthy,  and  to 
call  for  revision  on  lines  more  closely  follow- 
ing the  intrinsic  merits  of  the  artist. 

The  Nature  Poems  of  George  Meredith. 
Illustrated  by  W.  Hyde.  (Constable  &  Co.) 
— It  is  a  rare  occurrence  to  find  an  entirely 
harmonious  conjunction  of  poet  and  illus- 
trator, but  Mr.  William  Hyde's  pictures 
to  '  The  Nature  Poems  of  George  Meredith  ' 
are,  in  themselves,  poems  of  tone  and  design. 
Indeed,  the  artist  appears  to  have  seen  eye 
to  eye  with  the  poet.  It  is  difficult  to  single 
out  any  special  instances  for  praise  from 
these  sixteen  drawings,  each  of  which  is 
a  small  masterpiece  of  its  kind  ;  but '  Winter 
Heavens,'  with  its  luminous  stars  above 
the  dark  pines  and  the  snow  ;  the  romantic 
vision  for  the  '  Hymn  to  Colour  '  ;  and  the 
wonderfully  atmospheric  epitome  of  London, 
1 A  City  clothed  in  Snow  and  Soot,'  are 
perhaps  among  the  more  remarkable 
examples  of  this  artist's  genius.  There  is 
no  indication  to  show  that  the  present  volume 
is  virtually  a  new  edition  published  at  a  price 
more  within  the  scope  of  shallow  purses 
than  the  first  issue,  which  appeared  in  1898. 
We  are,  however,  none  the  less  appreciative 
of  the  publishers'  enterprise  ;  while  these 
plates  compare  not  at  all  favourably  with 
the  admirable  printing  of  those  of  the  first 
and  limited  edition. 

The  American  Pilgrim's  Way  in  England. 
By  M.  B.  Huish.  Illustrated  by  Elizabeth 
M.  Chcttlo.  (Fine-Art  Society.)— Tliis  large 
and  sumptuous  volume  should  have  a  wide 
success,  appealing  as  it  does  both  to  local 
and  national  pride.  The  journey  is  to  homes 
and  memorials  of  the  founders  of  Virginia, 
the  New  England  States,  and  Pennsylvania, 
the  Universities  of  Harvard  and  Yale,  and 
other  illustrious  Americans.  The  map  which 
serves  as  frontispiece  indicates  the  wide 
scope  of  the  volume,  and  the  red  line  of  the 
Pilgrim  takes  us  from  Raby  in   the  North 


No.  4184,  Jan.  4,  1908 


THE     ATHENAEUM 


21 


to  Ringmer  and  Warminghurst  in  the  South, 
from  Winthrop  and  Cambridge  in  the  East 
to  Plymouth  and  Budleigh  Salterton  in  the 
West  by  virtue  of  Sir  Walter  Raleigh.  The 
Midlands  have  a  cluster  of  American  associa- 
tions. Mr.  Huish  is  fully  justified  in  calling 
attention  to  the  zeal  of  United  States  students 
concerning  their  forbears  or  namesakes 
of  the  past.  He  does  not  plan  a  route  for 
the  whole  pilgrimage  such  as  a  motor-car 
might  follow,  for  the  reason  that  in  writing 
of  one  man  he  has  often  to  deal  with  many 
widely  scattered  places.  He  supplies,  how- 
ever, details  of  railways  and  other  methods 
of  reaching  the  often  obscure  places  of  pil- 
grimage. His  narrative  is  generally  sound, 
and  it  is  clear  that  he  has  taken  pains  to 
secure  details  on  the  spot  in  many  cases. 
The  pity  of  it  is  that  he  writes  a  journalistic 
style  disfigured  by  clumsy  and  needless 
verbiage,  and  strays  repeatedly  beyond  his 
subject,  which  ought  to  be  interesting 
enough  in  itself.  Surviving  these  irritations, 
we  have  come  across  a  good  deal  which 
repays  perusal,  and  suggestions  for  further 
research  that  might  prove  fruitful. 

There  are  many  illustrations  of  tombs, 
portraits,  &c,  besides  the  coloured  repro- 
ductions of  Miss  Chettle's  drawings.  The 
latter  have  suffered,  we  imagine,  in  the 
process  of  reproduction,  but  they  are  almost 
uniformly  attractive.  She  has  realized  to 
the  full  the  old-world  charm  of  such  buildings 
as  Jordans,  and  her  details,  including  some 
impossible  colours  for  the  plain  man,  are 
always  poetical.  '  Gainsborough  Old  Hall,' 
'  The  Old  Mulberry  Tree  at  Groton,'  '  The 
Rivington  Pike  of  Miles  Standish,'  and 
'  Boston  Stump '  are  all  charming  pictures 
in  different  ways.  There  are  also  reproduc- 
tions of  historical  pictures  by  various  artists, 
the  best  of  which  is  Millais's  of  '  The  Boyhood 
of  Raleigh.' 

The  Collector's  Manual.  By  N.  Hudson 
Moore.  (Chapman  &  Hall.) — This  hand- 
some and  expensive  volume  on  furniture 
comes  to  us  from  America  through  an 
English  avenue.  Mrs.  Hudson  Moore  has 
written  a  good  deal  on  this  and  kindred 
subjects,  and  her  ambitious  title  is  now 
designed  to  cover  her  advice  on  the  topics 
of  furniture,  glassware,  pewter,  and  china. 
As  is  usual  with  books  of  this  sort,  the  chief 
utility  lies  in  the  numerous  illustrations  ; 
but  evidently  Mrs.  Hudson  Moore  has  expert 
knowledge,  if  it  is  a  little  casual,  and  if  at 
times  it  lacks  the  endorsement  of  taste  and 
judgment.  Why  does  the  author  not  men- 
tion urns  in  her  chapter  on  brass  and  copper 
utensils,  though  she  does  refer  to  the  sam- 
ovar ?  And  would  Mrs.  Moore  stand  by 
her  statement  that  Hepplewhite's  wheat-ear 
chairs  are  "  not  particularly  pretty  or 
graceful  "  ?  Did  Sheraton  design  painted 
chairs  with  rush  bottoms  ?  Mrs.  Moore 
is  at  her  best  in  her  chapters  on  glassware 
and  on  lustre.  But  our  main  quarrel  with 
her  is  that  she  has  not  apparently  thought 
it  worth  her  while  to  edit  her  own  book 
properly.  Manifestly,  the  matter  has  been 
contributed  at  different  times  to  American 
magazines  or  papers,  and  marks  of  its  origin 
have  not  been  deleted.  There  are  references 
to  her  "  correspondents,"  and  to  the  "  limited 
space  here  given  " — a  piece  of  slovenliness 
which  detracts  from  the  dignity  of  the 
volume.  We  must,  however,  find  a  line 
of  praise  for  the  chapter  on  cottage  orna- 
ments. This  is  a  subject  which  is  as  rare 
in  a  book  of  this  sort  for  connoisseurs 
as  the  treatment  of  dressers  and  other 
rustic  furniture.  The  author  confesses  her 
hobby  to  be  the  collection  of  Staffordshire 
ware,  which  is  no  doubt  the  reason  why 
the  section  on  china  and  porcelain  is  the  best 
in    the    volume.     The    Staffordshire    ware 


"  Fleurs  "  is  commended  more  particularly 
because  it  depicts  the  mansion  of  the  Duke 
of  Roxburghe  who  "  recently  married  an 
American  girl  "  ;  as  is  the  Blenheim  set 
for  a  similar  reason  ! 

The  Annual  of  the  British  School  at  Athens. 
— No.  XII.,  Session  1905-6.  (Macmillan 
&  Co.) — In  this  number  of  the  British  School 
Annual  the  chief  interest  is  definitely  trans- 
ferred from  Crete  to  Laconia,  though  there 
are  still  several  articles  that  deal  with 
Crete.  The  new  Director,  Mr.  R.  M. 
Dawkins,  gives  a  short  account  of  supple- 
mentary excavations  at  Palsekastro.  Mr. 
Droop  contributes  a  study  of  geometric 
pottery  from  Crete,  which  provides  instruc- 
tive comparisons  with  similar  pottery  from 
the  ^Egean  Islands  or  the  mainland,  and 
tells  in  favour  of  the  style  being  an  intrusive 
one  from  the  North.  Another  instalment 
of  Mr.  Duncan  Mackenzie's  articles  on 
Cretan  palaces  and  the  iEgean  civilization 
is  mainly  devoted  to  combating  the  newly 
revived  Carian  theory,  and  maintaining 
the  Africo-Mediterranean  origin  of  the  type 
of  house  found  not  only  in  Crete,  but  also 
in  Greece  in  the  Mycenaean  age.  Shorter 
articles  testify  to  the  varied  activity  of  the 
students  of  the  School  both  in  Crete  and 
in  Greece.  Among  these  especial  mention 
is  due  to  the  notes  from  the  Sporades  by 
the  Director  and  Mr.  Wace,  who  make  a 
valuable  contribution  to  our  knowledge 
of  some  of  the  less-known  islands,  Astypalsea, 
Telos,  Nisyros,  and  Leros  ;  and  to  Mr. 
Hasluck's  reproduction  of  early  maps  of 
Crete  and  Constantinople,  and  his  list  of 
MSS.  in  the  British  Museum  relating  to  the 
geography  of  the  Levant.  The  most  im- 
portant contribution  to  the  history  of  art 
is  Mr.  G.  Dickins's  paper  on  Demophon 
of  Messene.  A  careful  review  of  all  the 
evidence  enables  him  to  make  out  a  strong 
case  for  dating  Demophon  early  in  the 
second  century  B.C.  When  the  reconstruc- 
tion of  the  group,  on  which  he  is  now 
employed,  enables  us  to  form  a  more  con- 
clusive opinion  as  to  its  style,  the  question 
should  be  settled. 

The  Spartan  excavations,  and  the  studies 
of  Laconia  associated  with  them,  form 
nearly  half  the  volume.  These  include 
detailed  studies  of  topography  and  architec- 
ture, and  of  the  various  antiquities  dis- 
covered. The  most  interesting  part  is 
concerned  with  the  precinct  of  Artemis 
Orthia  and  her  cult,  and  the  amphitheatre 
built  around  her  altar  in  Roman  times, 
for  the  better  enjoyment  of  the  spectacles 
there  to  be  seen,  including  the  scourging 
of  the  Spartan  youths.  Among  the  most 
curious  objects  found  are  a  series  of  terra- 
cotta masks  of  early  date,  which  must  have 
relation  to  some  sort  of  character  dances 
or  dramatic  performances.  Good  progress 
has  been  made  with  the  topography  of  the 
town  ;  but  the  discovery  of  the  precinct 
of  Athena  Chalcioecus,  only  second  in 
interest  to  that  of  Artemis  Orthia,  does  not 
come  within  the  period  of  work  recorded 
in  this  volume.  But  the  ordinary  sub- 
scriber, for  whom  this  volume  is  issued, 
and  also  the  special  student,  would  cer- 
tainly appreciate  the  addition  of  a  clear 
and  concise  general  summary  of  the  season's 
results.  It  is  to  be  hoped  that  this  want 
will  be  considered  in  future  volumes.  A 
prominent  feature  is  Mr.  Traquair's  paper  on 
the  mediaeval  fortresses  and  churches  in 
Laconia. 

The  Annual  shows  tlvroughout  the  results 
of  good  and  varied  work  ;  and  the  report 
on  the  excavations  of  Sparta,  in  particular, 
is  full  of  promise,  which  has  already  been 
partly  fulfilled. 


THE      LANDSCAPE     PAINTERS' 
EXHIBITION. 

This  group  of  half  a  dozen  landscape- 
painters  has,  with  slight  changes  from  time  t  o 
time  in  its  membership,  held  together  longer 
than  has  been  usual  among  the  many  similar 
small  bodies  of  artists  who  have  banded, 
themselves  together  in  recent  years  for 
purposes  of  exhibition.  It  is  a  fortunate 
survival,  for  few  have  been  so  worthy  of 
public  support,  and  the  present  exhibition 
at  the  Royal  Water-Colour  Society's  galleries 
is  one  of  the  most  satisfactory  of  the  series. 
None  of  the  men  showing  can  quite  be  said 
to  represent  the  younger  generation  of 
landscape  painters  ;  but  we  can  scarcely 
regret  this,  for  landscape  is  not  cultivated' 
by  that  younger  generation  in  a  way  that 
seems  to  promise  a  to-morrow  comparable 
with  to-day.  A  review  of  the  best  work, 
here  shows  that  it  possesses  a  many-sided 
excellence  such  as  we  can  hardly  predicate- 
for  its  successors.  There  seems  likely  to  be- 
an interval  before  anything  so  good  is  done 
again  as  has  been  done  constantly  in  the 
last  twenty  yeais  ;  and  it  seems  unlikely 
that,  when  it  is  so  done,  it  will  be  on  these 
lines.  The  broad  and  sturdy,  yet  delicate 
delineation  of  nature,  which  has  continued  in 
England  in  virtually  unbioken  line  since 
the  time  of  Constable,  is  here  seen  still  in 
vigorous  health,  but  apparently  without 
successors.  Its  exponents  have  been  a 
little  given  to  compromise,  and  perhaps  not 
often  particularly  acute  thinkers  ;  but  they 
were  sympathetic  and  sensitive  observers, 
and  had  an  instinct  for  composition  and  a 
good  deal  of  technical  craftsmanship  slowly 
acquired  and  unobtrusively  employed. 

Such  a  work  as  Mr.  Aumonier's  large 
woodland  picture  in  the  present  show  must 
for  these  reasons  come  to  be  more  and  more 
valued  in  the  immediate  future,  as  we 
gradually  realize  how  unattainable  it  has- 
become  for  us.  There  is  nothing  about  it 
that  is  pushed  to  an  extreme.  Any  one  of 
its  many  virtues  the  younger  generation 
might  possibly  better  ;  but  they  do  not 
promise  ever  to  unite  its  many  qualities 
in  a  single  picture  so  variedly  delightful 
as  a  possession.  True,  this  particular  work 
would  seem  to  have  had  exceptional  advan- 
tages— to  have  been  originally  the  product 
of  a  period  when  the  artist's  work,  though 
broad  and  vigorous,  still  retained  strong 
traces  of  the  hard  apprenticeship  from 
which  it  had  emerged,  and  then,  in  the 
hour  of  mature  judgment,  to  have  been 
most  happily  revised  and  reconsidered 
from  the  point  of  view  of  generalized  expres- 
sion and  design.  It  thus  in  a  special  way 
resumes  the  artist's  qualities.  Yet  even 
in  his  moorland  subject  alongside,  which 
has  the  air  of  having  been  done  more  in  a 
single  movement,  and  to  have  gained  thereby 
greater  technical  fluidity  and  case,  we  see 
something  of  the  same  anxiety  to  offer  a  full 
satisfaction  to  Nature's  manifold  claims, 
even  a  little  at  the  expense  of  the  strictly 
intrinsic  fineness  that  comes  of  the  perfect 
proportion  of  parts  in  a  picture.  The 
typical  Barbizon  painter  and  that  most 
continental  of  English  landscape  men,  Wilson, 
differed  from  the  representative  British 
artist  by  a  certain  pride  and  reserve  in  the 
face  of  Nature — a  deliberate  abnegation  of 
certain  of  her  qualities,  lest  they  should 
interfere  with  the  classic  and  perfect  expres- 
sion of  the  others.  This  feature,  which 
makes  their  work  an  admirable  school  of 
painting  to  the  real  student  capable  of 
assimilating  their  spirit  and  applying  it 
elsewhere,  has  also  made  them  terrible 
corrupters  of  the  last  generation  of  art 
students.  Any  landscape  less  classically 
compact  and  self-contained  wears  a  loose- 


22 


T  ii  E    at  ii  i:  \  .!•:  U  m 


N'u.  n>i.  Jah.  4,  1908 


fibred,    bomonran   aspeot   beside   the  »m- 

tocrac  \  <»i  ii  fine  Harbison  picture,  with  its 

,  aim     assumption     Of    Certain     COn\ ■••lit  ions  : 

heaoe  the  few  exacting  amateurs  of  painting 
have  been  tempted  toa  narrow  and  intolerant 
admiration  for  the  one  contemporary 
ohool  that  bad  been  carried  to  a  high 
degree  of  perfection.  On  the  other  hand, 
it  i-  ahamefulh  easy  to  imitate  the  outward 
appearance  of*  one  of  these  pictures  suffi- 
cniitlv  to  doceive  an  ignorant  buyer  snob- 
bishly bent  on  seeming  a  man  of  superior 
taste,  Beset  by  these  and  other  contri- 
butory causes,  the  would-be  landscape 
painter  of  to-day  may  well  regret  the  time 
when  severe  and  literal  imitation  of  detail 
was  required  of  him  before  he  could  command 
attention.  The  standard  may  have  been 
unsuitable,  but  at  least  it  was  a  hard 
standard,  which  served  some  purpose  in 
deterring  the  least  worthy  aspirants  to  a 
too  seductive  craft.  To-day  landscape  paint- 
ing is  so  peculiarly  destitute  of  such  a 
standard  that,  given  even  a  humble  capacity, 
the  artist  may  be  successful  simply  in 
proportion  as  he  enjoys  certain  extraneous 
advantages,  say  of  influential  connexions 
or  a  good  business  head. 

To  remedy  this  state  of  things  we  need 
to  widen  the  field  within  which  we  are 
exacting  towards  landscape  painters— not 
to  allow  slipshod  copyists  to  gain  by 
assumptions  that  they  use  to  no  advantage. 
Mr.  Aumonier's  picture  is  a  reminder  of 
what  full-bodied  representation  landscape 
painting  can  achieve.  Why  should  an 
artist  be  allowed  to  shirk  it,  except  for  some 
purpose  of  beauty  ?  Mr.  James  Hill  also  in 
his  exhibit  shows  some  of  that  thoroughness 
of  research  which  landscape  painters  to-day 
rarely  attempt,  and  which  the  public 
never  asks  of  them.  He  is  a  seeker,  and  a 
poetic  one,  but  relies  too  much  on  the  broken 
atmospheric  quality  of  each  individual 
passage  in  his  pictures,  and  not  enough  on 
the  inevitable  relation  of  part  with  part  in  a 
self-contained  and  interrelated  scheme.  In 
his  flower  subjects  he  seems  to  find  it  easier 
to  achieve  designs  that  give  his  paint  this 
inner  stability  apart  from  its  allusiveness. 
Mr.  Leslie  Thomson  gives  us  less  research, 
or  at  any  rate  appears  less  in  the  act 
of  research  ;  but  he  shows  in  his  Afterglow 
a  power  of  getting  wrought  up  with  interest 
in  a  large  canvas  which  is  rare  in  these  days, 
when  almost  every  man's  sketch  is  the  best 
thing  he  does.  This  picture  is  a  little  marred 
by  a  slightly  theatrical  division  into  two 
masses  of  very  hot  and  very  cold  colour. 

Beside  the  best  work  of  these  men,  most 

of  the  exhibits  of  Mr.  Peppercorn  and  Mr. 

Austin   Brown   appear   a   little   coarse   and 

facile.     Mr.   Peppercorn  is  not  seen  at  his 

best :    the  inventor  of  an  abstraction  of  no 

little  charm,  he  here  seems  to  be  but  his 

own    imitator.     Mr.     Austin    Brown,     too, 

puzzles  us  by  showing  a  number  of  clumsy 

imitations  of  Mauve,  and  then  by  the  side  of 

them     a     marvellously     accomplished     and 

most  beautiful  Moonrise,  which  is  perhaps 

the  best  thing  he  has  ever  done.     It  would 

be  an  astonishing  piece  of  virtuosity,  were 

it  not  informed  by  such  a  serious  and  poetic 

power  of  design.     There  is  just  a  suspicion 

of  slipperiness  in  the  drawing  of  the  figures 

— of   feeling   for   smooth   and    sinuous   line 

rather  than  for  its  significance.     Yet  wdth 

what  life,  with  what  rhythmic  irregularity, 

these  figures  dart  about  the  reef  (almost  lost 

in    the    gloaming),    looking    apparently    for 

limpets !     The    simplicity,    the    desolation, 

of  the  dark  reef  stretching  out   to  sea,  are 

so   impressive   that    all   the   figures  cannot 

people  its  loneliness,  and  only  make  audible 

the  silence.     Rarely  have  we  seen  the  more 

superficial    mysteries    of    paint    used    with 

such  tremendous  emotional  effect. 


3finr-^rt  (Gossip. 


Thk  editorial  article  in  the  .January 
number  of  The  Burlington  Magazine  puts 
forward  a  nolmmw  for  allotting  the  decorative 
painting  in  the  Houses  of  Parliament  among 

our  various  art  societies.  Considerable 
space  is  given  to  the  pictures  and  objects 
of  art  purchased  from  the  Kaim  Collection 
by  Mrs.  C.  P.  Huntington,  which  include 
fine  works  by  Rembrandt  and  Hals.  The 
article  is  illustrated  with  a  large  number 
of  full-page  plates,  one  of  which,  a  repro- 
duction in  photogravure  of  Rembrandt's 
'  Scholar  with  a  Bust  of  Homer,'  forms  the 
frontispiece  to  the  number.  Two  articles 
deal  with  the  Royal  Collections.  In  the 
first  Mr.  Lionel  Cust  continues  his  studies 
of  the  pictures  under  his  charge  by  a  paper 
on  the  "  Great  Piece  "  by  Van  Dyck,  while 
in  the  second  article  Mr.  M.  L.  Solon  dis- 
cusses the  Sevres  porcelain  in  connexion 
with  Mr.  Laking's  book.  The  antique  copy 
of  Myron's  'Discobolus,'  and  the  fifth-century 
Niobid  found  last  year  in  Italy,  are  the 
subject  of  an  article  by  Dr.  Koester  of 
Berlin.  Mr.  Weale's  new  book  on  Hubert 
and  John  van  Eyck  is  dealt  with  at  some 
length  ;  and  among  shorter  notes  promi- 
nence is  given  to  the  proposal  for  removing 
Can  Grande's  famous  monument  at  Verona. 

The  latest  addition  to  the  National 
Gallery  is  a  picture  of  '  A  Lady  standing 
at  a  Spinet  '  (No.  2143)  by  Jacob  Ochtervelt. 
It  has  been  presented  by  Mr.  H.  J.  Pfungst, 
and  hangs  on  the  east  wall  of  Room  XII 
This  artist's  name  now  appears  in  the 
Catalogue  of  the  gallery  for  the  first  time. 
There  are  probably  not  more  than  six  pic- 
tures by  Ochtervelt  in  England. 

In  future  the  Victoria  and  Albert  Museum 
and  the  National  Art  Library  will  be  open 
on  the  evenings  of  Monday,  Thursday,  and 
Saturday — Thursday  being  substituted  for 
Tuesday. 

Mr.  Algernon  Graves  will  publish 
during  the  next  month  or  two  the 
companion  volume  to  his  '  Royal  Academy 
Exhibitors  '  and  '  The  Society  of  Artists,' 
under  the  title  of  '  The  British  Institution, 
1806-67.'  This  new  dictionary,  if  it  reveals 
few  names  which  do  not  occur  in  the  Royal 
Academy  volumes,  will  form  a  valuable 
supplement  to  that  work,  besides  possessing 
important  features  of  its  own.  The  British 
Institution  was  never  regarded  as  a  rival 
to  the  Royal  Academy,  for  some  of  the  most 
constant  exhibitors  were  either  R.A.'s  or 
Associates,  and  a  just  estimate  of  their 
work  can  only  be  obtained  by  taking  into 
consideration  the  pictures  which  they  sent 
to  the  British  Institution.  Beechey  was 
represented  on  its  walls  at  different  times  by 
32  works,  Constable  and  Benjamin  West  by 
the  same  number,  E.  W.  Cooke  by  1 1 5,  Etty 
by  78,  Landseer  by  94,  Stanfield  by  22,  and 
Turner  by  17.  One  important  feature  of 
the  British  Institution  catalogues  is  that  the 
sizes  of  the  pictures  are  given  up  to  1852, 
and  after  that  date  the  prices  which  the 
artists  placed  on  their  works.  During  the 
61  years  of  its  existence  over  28,000  pictures 
were  exhibited  at  the  British  Institution. 

The  New  Year's  number  of  The  Builder 
contains  a  long  article,  accompanied  by 
numerous  illustrations,  on  the  architecture  of 
Vienna.  The  same  journal  promises  a  series 
of  illustrations,  from  photographs  specially 
taken,  of  '  The  Renaissance  and  Modern 
Churches  of  Paris  '  ;  and  also  a  series  of 
articles  on  the  remains  of  '  The  Aqueducts 
of  Ancient  Rome,'  written  by  Dr.  Ashby, 
the  Director  of  the  British  School  at  Rome. 
Messrs.  Macmujlan  announce  Vol.  I.  of 
'  A  Catalogue  Raisonne  of  the  Works  of  the 
Most  Eminent  Dutch  Painters  of  the  Seven- 


teenth Century,'  based  on  the  work  of  John 
Smith,  by  Dr.  C.  Hofstede  de  Groot,  and 
translated  by  Mr.  EL  G.  Hawke.  This 
important  undertaking  will  be  eagerly 
welcomed  by  critics. 

The  same  firm  are  publishing  *  Hercu- 
laneum:  Past,  Present,  and  Future,'  by 
Prof.  Charles  Waldstein. 

Mb.  Frederick  Weumoiu:  has  been 
invited  to  contribute,  from  Monday  next, 
a  weekly  cait&erie  on  fine  art  to  The  Pall 
Mall  Gazette. 

An  exhibition  of  students'  works  is  now 
being  held  at  the  Metropolitan  School  of 
Art,  Dublin.  The  exhibition  includes  the 
works  to  which  prizes  have  been  awarded 
under  the  local  prize  schemes,  as  well  as 
those  which  have  gained  places  in  the  com- 
petition for  art  masters'  and  teachers'  cer- 
tificates under  the  Board  of  Education  and 
the  Department  of  Technical  Instruction  for 
Ireland.  The  craftwork  shown  is  note- 
worthy, some  of  the  enamels  and  the  stained 
glass  being  particularly  good. 

By  the  kindness  of  Mr.  Hugh  Lane,  two 
important  examples  of  the  work  of  Titian 
and  Goya  respectively  are  now  on  loan  at 
the  National  Gallery  of  Ireland.  The  Titian 
is  an  exceptionally  fine  half-length  portrait 
of  a  young  man  in  a  fur- trimmed  coat  and 
red  cap,  supposed  to  be  the  younger  Lorenzo 
de'  Medici.  It  is  an  early  work,  and  in 
perfect  condition.  The  Goya  represents  the 
Donna  Maria  Martinez  de  Puja  as  a  young 
woman,  dressed  in  black  against  a  grey 
background.  It  was  painted  in  1824,  when 
Goya  was  seventy-four  years  old,  and  is 
signed  and  dated  by  him. 

The  French  Exhibition  to  be  held 
in  London  this  year,  although  known  to 
the  French  Government  to  be  a  private 
venture,  is  likely  to  be  favoured  with  a 
representation  of  some  of  the  Frenc.i 
Ministries  superior  to  that  undertaken 
by  them  on  the  occasions  of  previous  ex- 
hibitions held  under  Government  auspices. 
We  hear  that  the  French  Ministry  of  Educa- 
tion is  specially  active.  The  French  "  Fine- 
Art  Section  "  is  being  organized  under  the 
presidency  of  M.  Bonnat,  and  will  produce 
an  admirable  representation  of  French  art. 

The  death  is  announced  this  week  of  M. 
Charles  Hermann  -  Leon,  the  well  -  known 
artist,  who  studied  under  Ph.  Rousseau  and 
From'entin.  He  was  a  native  of  Havre,  and 
obtained  medals  at  the  Salon  in  1873,  1879, 
and  1900,  Hermann-Leon  was  a  member  of 
the  Societe  des  Artistes  Francais,  and  a  con- 
stant exhibitor,  last  year's  Salon  containing 
two  of  his  works — 'Premiere  Vision'  and 
•  Le  Lievre.'  He  was  sixty-nine  years  of  age. 
This  year's  exhibition  (which  will  be 
opened  in  May)  at  the  Bibliotheque  Nation- 
ale,  will  be  devoted  to  the  works  of  Rem- 
brandt. Another  interesting  exhibition  will 
be  opened  in  the  spring  at  the  Musee  des  Arts 
Decoratifs  in  Paris,  of  which  the  title,  '  L'Art 
Theatral,'  indicates  its  scope. 


EXHIBITIONS 
S  »r.  (Jan.  4I.-London.  Paintings  and  Drawings  by  A.  E.  Bottomley. 
Owen  Howcn.  E.  Downs.  A.  Oarrul hers  Gould.  D.  heart,  and 
Tatton  Winter.  N'cw  Dudley  Gallery. 
—       Royal  Academy  Winter  Exhibition.  Private ,*!?»•.  . 
_       Women's  International  Art  Club.  Annual  Exhibition,  Roya 
Institute  Galleries.  .  ,   __ 

Hon.     International   Society  of   Sculptors.  Painter*,  and  Gra\ers, 
Eighth  Exhibition.  Press  View,  lsew  Gallery.  ....        _ 

S«\  (Jan.  Ill-Mr.    Arthur    R-ackharus    Illustrations    to      Alice     n 
Wonderland,1  and  Landscapes  by  the  late  Henry  H.  Moon. 


MUSIC 
Austral  (gossip. 

The  Carl  Rosa  Opera  Company  began  a 
fifteen  nights'  season  at  Covent  Garden  on 
Boxing  Day.  In  the  afternoon  '  Tann- 
hauser  '    was    presented,    with    Mr.    Julius 


No.  4184,  Jan.  4,  1908 


THE     ATHENAEUM 


23 


Walther  as  the  erring  minstrel  and  Madame 
Lucile  Hill  as  Elisabeth.  The  tenor  sang 
his  music  with  notable  intelligence,  and  made 
an  impression  in  the  Tournament  of  Song. 
Madame  Hill's  pure  tones  suited  Elisabeth's 
phrases,  and  she  gave  an  eloquent  rendering 
of  the  Prayer.  Miss  Grace  Nicoll  sang  the 
music  of  Venus  with  skill  and  effect  ;  and 
Mr.  Charles  Victor  was  a  capable  repre- 
sentative of  Wolfram.  '  II  Trovatoro  '  was 
remarkably  well  sung  in  the  evening,  the 
chief  feature  being  the  dramatic  Azucena 
of  Miss  Doris  Woodall.  Leonora's  exacting 
aiis  were  fluently  interpreted  by  Miss  Eliza- 
beth Burgess  ;  and  Mr.  Walter  Wheatley 
was  a  sufficiently  fervent  Manrico. 

On  the  Friday  evening  '  Carmen '  was 
given,  with  Miss  Woodall  as  the  gipsy 
heroine.  She  sang  the  music  of  the  part 
agreeably,  but  failed  to  realize  its  dramatic 
possibilities.  Mr.  Edward  Davies,  the  Don 
Jose,  exhibited  an  agreeable  voice,  and 
sang  tastefully  ;  but  Mr.  Victor  was  not  a 
specially  convincing  Toreador. 

'  Cavalxeria  Rusticana  '  and  '  Pag- 
liacci  '  were  associated  at  the  Saturday 
matinee.  The  role  of  the  hapless  heroine 
in  Mascagni's  work  was  allotted  to  Miss 
Grace  Nicoll,  who  sang  and  acted  with 
vigour  and  success.  Mr.  Wheatley  gave  an 
effective  account  of  Turiddu's  impassioned 
music  ;  and  Mr.  Dillon  Shallard  was  an 
excellent  Alfio.  In  '  Pagliacci '  Mr.  Julius 
Walther  imparted  fervour  to  his  delivery 
of  Canio's  soliloquy ;  and  Miss  Burgess 
was  a  bright  and  vocally  agreeable  Nedda. 
Mr.  Victor  sang  the  prologue  in  good  style. 
'  Faust,'  presented  in  the  evening,  intro- 
duced a  youthful  Marguerite  in  the  person 
of  Miss  Ina  Hill,  who  has  a  delightfully 
fresh  and  flexible  voice,  and  shows  consider- 
able skill  as  an  actress.  Mr.  Edward  Davies 
was  a  capable  representative  of  Faust  ; 
and  Mr.  Winckworth  sketched  Mephisto- 
rheles  on  popular  lines.  The  singing  of  the 
chorus  has  been  extremely  praiseworthy, 
and  the  duties  of  conductor  have  been  shared 
by  Mr.  Walter  van  Noorden  and  Mr.  Eugene 
Goossens. 

On  Wednesday  evening  a  bright  and 
attractive  performance  was  given  of  Mozart's 
'  Marriage  of  Figaro.'  Miss  Doris  Woodall 
not  only  sang  "  Voi  che  sapete"  and  the 
other  music  for  Cherubino  with  much  taste 
and  skill,  but  also  acted  in  remarkably  viva- 
cious style.  Madame  Lucile  Hill  sang  the 
Countess's  phrases  agreeably ;  and  Miss 
Lizzie  Burgess  was  a  bright  and  pleasing 
representative  of  Susanna.  The  Figaro  of 
Mr.  Charles  Victor  was  somewhat  deficient  in 
buoyancy,  but  Mr.  Winckworth  was  a  capital 
Count.  Under  the  guidance  of  Mr.  Walter 
van  Noorden  the  rendering  of  the  delightful 
old  opera  was  smooth  and  satisfactory. 

The  Carl  Rosa  Company  at  Covent 
Garden  will  give  Verdi's  '  Otello '  next 
Tuesday. 

The  directors  of  the  Queen's  Hall  Orchestra 
have  engaged  Dr.  Richard  Strauss  to  conduct 
the  greater  portion  of  his  music-drama 
'  Salome  '  on  Thursday,  March  19th.  There 
will  be  given  the  scene  between  Salome 
and  Jochanaan,  the  Dance  of  Salome,  and 
the  final  scene  of  Salome.  The  work  is 
dedicated  to  Sir  Edgar  Speyer,  chairman  of 
the  Queen's  Hall  Orchestra. 

The  Twenty-Third  Annual  Conference 
of  the  Incorporated  Society  of  Musicians 
took  place  this  week  at  Harrogate.  On 
Tuesday  a  special  service  was  held  in  St. 
Peter's  Church,  at  which  was  performed 
a  festival  '  Te  Deum  '  by  Dr.  E.  J.  Crow, 
organist  of  Ripon  Cathedral.  A  portrait, 
painted  by  Mr.  E.  Bent  Walker,  was  to  have 
been  presented  to  Mr.  Edward  Chadfield 
on  his  retirement  from  the  general  secretary- 


ship of  the  Society.  Unfortunately,  how- 
ever, he  was  prevented  through  indisposition 
from  being  present.  It  is  understood  that 
he  will  accept  the  portrait,  which  will  be 
placed  in  the  library  of  the  Society  in  London. 

The  newly  founded  chamber-music  society 
"The  Irish  Quartette"  gave  an  excellent 
recital  last  week  at  the  Leinster  Hall, 
Dublin.  The  Quartette  consists  of  Miss 
Madeleine  Moore  (violin),  Miss  Bell  (viola), 
Miss  Kathleen  Gibson  ('cello),  and  Miss 
Annie  Lord  (piano).  Amongst  the  works 
performed  were  Beethoven's  Quartet  in 
e  flat,  Op.  16,  and  Hermann  Goetz's  Quartet 
in  e  flat,  Op.  6. 

Fourteen  manuscripts  of  Paganini,  one 
of  them  being  the  Third  Concerto,  have  been 
discovered  among  the  archives  of  the  city 
of  Perosa.  Large  offers  have  been  made 
from  England  and  America,  but  the  Italian 
Government  intends  itself  to  purchase  the 
precious  autographs. 

The  Stradivarius  violinof  M.  Eugene  Ysaye, 
recently  stolen  from  the  Imperial  Opera, 
St.  Petersburg,  was  lent  by  Messrs.  Hill  & 
Sons  for  exhibition  at  the  Loan  Collection, 
South  Kensington,  in  1885.  It  is  mentioned 
in  'Antonio  Stradivari,'  by  W.  H.,  A.  F.,and 
A.  E.  Hill,  among  violins  of  which  the  exact 
date  could  not  be  given,  or  on  which  figures 
might  have  been  tampered  with.  The  firm 
thought  it  possible  that  the  last  two  figures 
of  the  date  inscribed,  1732,  had  been 
altered ;  nevertheless,  they  were  satisfied  that 
the  instrument,  in  a  fine  state  of  preserva- 
tion, was  the  work  of  Stradivari's  latest 
years.  It  exhibits  varnish  of  a  reddish- 
brown  colour,  but  not  the  usual  back-joint. 
Its  tone  is  very  powerful,  but  M.  Ysaye 
prefers  that  of  his  Guarnerius,  which  some 
twenty-five  years  ago  was  bought  at  Messrs. 
Foster's  saleroom  by  the  late  W.  E.  Hill  for 
600  guineas. 

The  directorship  of  the  Warsaw  Con- 
servatoire of  Music  has  been  offered  to  M. 
Paderewski,  who  is  now  at  Boston,  and 
accepted  by  him. 


perfobmances:next  week. 

Six.      Concert,  3.30,  Albert  Hall. 

—  Sunday  Society  Concert,  3.30,  Queen's  Hall. 

—  Sunday  League  Concert,  1.  Queen's  Hall. 

Mon.— Sat.    Carl  Rosa  Opera  Company,  8,  Covent  Garden.    (Wednes- 
day and  Saturday,  Matinees,  2.) 
Wkd.     Fraulein  Else  Gipser's  Pianoforte  Recital,  8,  Bechstein  Hall. 
Fm.       London  Trio,  3.30,  iBolian  Hall. 
Sat.       Chappell's  Ballad  Concert,  2.30,  Queen's  Hall. 

—  Kruse  Quartet,  3.15,  Bechstein  Hall. 


DRAMA 


THE   WEEK. 

Savoy. — Arms  and  the  Man  :  an  Anti- 
Romantic  Comedy.  By  Bernard  Shaw. 
(Revival.) 
It  really  looks  as  if  Messrs.  Vedrenne  and 
Barker's  policy  of  appealing  boldly  to  the 
general  public  for  support  of  the  "  intel- 
lectual drama "  were  going  to  secure 
them  the  reward  of  audacity,  and  as  if 
the  play  which  may  bring  them  luck  at 
the  Savoy  would  be  one  of  Mr.  Shaw's 
earliest  essays,  now  revived  for  the  first 
time  since  its  original  production  at  the 
old  Avenue  thirteen  years  ago — '  Arms 
and  the  Man.'  Certainly  there  could  be 
no  piece  from  the  Shaw  repertory  more 
calculated  to  conciliate  the  average  play- 
goer than  this,  with  the  possible  exception 
of  '  You  Never  Can  Tell.'  It  is  easy  to 
discover  in  it  already  outlined  seme  of 
the  chief  articles  of  the  "  Shavian  philo- 
sophy " — its  repudiation  of  romantic  con- 
ventions and  ideals,  its  mockery  of  the 
glorification  of  war,  its  ridicule  of  chivalry 


in  connexion  with  the  feminine  sex ; 
already  there  are  signs  of  propagandism, 
but  of  a  propagandism  scarcely  truculent. 
On  the  other  hand,  there  is  more  story, 
more  action,  more  normal  treatment  of 
character,  more  drama,  and  better  still, 
there  is  more  geniality  here  than  in 
many  of  Mr.  Shaw's  later  works.  How 
delightful  is  the  opening  of  the  play — the 
meeting  of  the  romantic  girl  in  her  night- 
dress  and  the  refugee  soldier,  travel- 
stained  and  weary,  who  makes  such 
short  work  of  her  heroics  about  war  and 
military  courage !  And  nowadays  the 
merest  tyre  of  a  playgoer  can  perceive 
how  substantially  true  is  the  playwright's 
picture  of  his  professional  soldier — the 
man  who  refuses  to  court  danger  or  to 
romanticize  his  calling.  Who  knows  what 
a  difference  might  have  been  made 
in  Mr.  Shaw's  development  had  that 
first-night  Avenue  audience,  instead  of 
jeering  at  what  was  new  to  it,  suspended 
judgment  about  the  sections  of  the  play 
it  did  not  understand,  and  given  due 
weight  to  the  scenes  which  had  afforded 
amusement  ?  Mr.  Shaw's  ideas  had  not 
then  been  crystallized  by  opposition  and 
lack  of  appreciation  into  imcompromising 
stiffness,  and  he  might  have  learnt  from, 
as  well  as  have  instructed,  the  public. 
Well,  the  merry  farce  is  in  no  danger  of 
such  a  reception  now  ;  last  Monday  night 
every  jest  was  caught  up  by  the  audience 
almost  before  it  was  spoken  on  the  stage. 
A  more  appreciative  audience  Mr.  Shaw 
could  net  have  desired;  nor  could  be 
have  wished  for  a  better  interpretation. 
Mr.  Robert  Loraine's  matter-of-fact  soldier 
and  Miss  Lillah  McCarthy's  hero-worship- 
ping Raina  afforded  constant  delight ; 
all  the  minor  parts  were  well  filled  ;  and 
Mr.  Granville  Barker,  by  his  vivacious 
energy,  almost  made  real  Raina's  comic - 
opera  lover,  who  is  of  course  only  a 
personification  of  the  popular  ideal  of  a 
soldier. 

Drury  Lane. — The  Babes  in  the  Wood. 

ADELrm. — Aladdin. 

Lyceum. — Robinson  Crusoe. 
Even  London  can  offer  few  mere  impres- 
sive sights  than  Drury  Lane  Theatre 
during  the  Christmas  holidays,  packed 
with  a  pantomime  audience.  The  least 
sentimental  of  spectators  may  be  im- 
pressed as  he  watches  those  rows  upon 
rows  of  faces,  extending  in  tiers  from  the 
footlights  almost  to  the  ceiling  of  the  great 
playhouse,  all  intent  upon  amusement ; 
young  and  old,  in  fact,  mingling  for  once 
in  a  common  mood  of  irresponsibility  and 
childish  gaiety.  But  more  agreeable  still 
is  the  experience  to  be  gained  by  observing 
the  demeanour  of  the  audience  from  one 
cf  the  circles — by  listening,  fcr  instance, 
to  the  roar  of  welcome  which  attends 
the  beginning  of  the  overture,  or  by 
noting  the  waves  of  laughter  that  run 
over  the  building  in  response  to  some 
jest  of  a  favourite  comedian.  The 
superior  person  may  scoff  at  pantomime, 
yet  every  one  who  remembers  that 
Drury  Lane  during  this  season  of  the 
year  houses  nightly,  and  often  twice  a 
day,  two  or  three  thousand  playgoers  of 


24 


THK    A  Til  ENiE  U  M 


No.  41M4,  Jan.  4,  1908 


different  ages,  §0X68,  education,  and 
disposition,  ami  keeps  them  amused  for 
four  hours  and  DEM  re,  must  pay  his  tribute 
to  the  class  of    entertainment    which    can 

achieve  such  ■  result. 

What  is  said  above  of  J)rury  Lane  is 
true  no  less  of  the  Adelphi  and  the 
Lyceum,  the  two  other  West  End  houses 
which  are  devoted  just  now  to  the  cult 
of  pantomime.  There  also  the  prevailing 
spirit  is  one  of  geniality  and  enthusiasm, 
and  the  difficulty  of  the  managements  is 
not  to  get  people  into  their  theatres, 
but  to  find  room  for  the  crowds  that 
come.  Yet  we  are  told  by  authorities  that 
the  past  theatrical  year  in  London  has 
been  one  of  the  most  unsuccessful  ever 
known  —  that  receipts  have  been  low, 
and  the  theatres  in  many  cases  half 
empty.  The  explanation  is  jimple. 
Managers  usually  persist  in  conducting 
their  theatres  on  happy-go-lucky  principles 
— without  any  definite,  well-considered 
policy.  Contrast  with  their  procedure 
that  of  the  purveyors  of  pantomime. 
They  map  out  their  plans  months  in 
advance,  they  adhere  to  one  particular 
type  of  entertainment,  they  study  a 
particular  class  of  audience.  Take,'  for 
example,  Drury  Lane,  the  Adelphi,  and 
the  Lyceum.  To  the  superficial  observer 
the  pantomimes  and  the  audiences  cf 
these  three  theatres  may  seem  very  much 
the  same,  but  the  expert  will  mark  con- 
siderable dissimilarities.  To  be  sure,  the 
entertainment  provided  at  all  three  houses 
is  the  customary  hotchpotch  of  nursery 
tale  and  musical  extravaganza,  ballet 
and  boisterous  farce ;  but  in  point  of 
fact  each  one  is  carefully  contrived  to 
please  a  special  public. 

'  Robinson  Crusoe '  at  the  Lyceum  is 
intended  for  a  popular  audience  which 
likes  its  effects  broad,  its  colouring  strong, 
its  humour  laid  on  heavily  ;  and  there 
is  not  a  doubt  that  Messrs.  Smith  and 
Carpenter  have  gauged  their  patrons' 
tastes  to  a  nicety  now  in  pantomime,  as 
hitherto  in  melodrama.  They  have  dis- 
covered in  Mr.  George  Le  Clerq  a  comedian 
with  original  methods,  and  the  fact  that 
his  most  telling  trick  consists  in  an  over- 
emphasis of  aspirates  speaks  volumes. 
Then,  too,  they  have  found  in  Miss  Ouida 
Macdermott  a  singer  of  rare  dramatic  in- 
tensity, and  it  is  significant  that  she  is  the 
daughter  of  a  famous  music-hall  artist  of 
the  eighties.  As  for  the  "  coral  "  ballet,  it 
is  striking,  though  perhaps  a  trifle  garish. 

The  Adelphi  '  Aladdin '  is  calculated 
for  that  public  which  loves  musical 
comedy,  and  so  it  is  decked  out  with 
pretty  Oriental  stage-pictures  such  as 
we  have  had  at  the  Gaiety,  and  depends 
for  its  entertaining  qualities  upon  the 
personality  of  its  chief  performers.  These 
are  two  in  number,  and  are  both  recruited 
from  the  "  variety  "  theatres— Mr.  Mal- 
colm Scott,  a  "  female  impersonator  " 
with  a  dry  but  unforced  humour,  and 
Miss  Fanny  Fields,  a  lively  comedian 
with  an  instinct  for  dancing,  a  quaint 
Anglo-German  accent,  and  the  most 
infectious  of  laughs.  It  is  to  the  credit 
of  these  players,  and  of  the  music-halls, 
that  their  various  "  turns  "  are  free  from 


anything  that  could  offend,  and  the 
Adelphi  piece,  for  which  they  work  so 
hard  proves  far  and  away  the  most 
amusing  of  current  pantomimes. 

On  the  other  hand,  Mr.  Collins  at 
Drury  Lane  has  succeeded  in  maintaining 
the  reputation  of  his  theatre  for  elaborate 
spectacle,  yet  has  provided  a  genuine 
children's  entertainment.  The  garden 
scene  which  furnishes  the  pictorial  climax 
of  the  first  half  of  his  pantomime  is  a 
triumph,  even  for  "  the  Lane,"  in  refine- 
ment of  colouring  and  brilliance  of  light- 
ing. Youngsters,  too,  must  be  hard  to 
please  who  do  not  enjoy  their  special 
ballet  of  "  Lollipop-land,"  or  do  not 
chuckle  over  the  adventures  of  the  babes, 
the  naughtiest  of  innocents,  when  one  is 
Mr.  Walter  Passmore  and  the  other  is  Miss 
Marie  George. 

One  if  not  two  reforms  might  be  urged 
upon  pantomime-managers.  It  is  too 
much,  perhaps,  as  yet  to  ask  for  the  banish- 
ment of  the  comedian  who  masquerades 
as  a  woman.  That  would  rob  us  this  year 
of  Mr.  Fragson's  clever  portrait  of  the 
Drury  Lane  babes'  governess,  and  of  Mr. 
Malcolm  Scott's  droll  geography  lesson 
in  the  guise  of  Mrs.  Twankey.  But  surely, 
with  all  respect  to  Miss  Agnes  Fraser, 
who  makes  as  gallant  a  Robin  Hood  as 
any  actress  could,  and  to  Miss  Millie 
Legarde,  a  vivacious  Aladdin,  it  is  time 
that  the  "  principal  boy  "  disappeared  from 
our  stage.  It  would  make  all  the  differ- 
ence to  the  greenwood  scenes  at  Drury 
Lane  were  Robin  Hood  and  his  unscrupu- 
lous brother  represented  by  actors  of 
the  stamp  of  Mr.  Lewis  Waller. 


To  Correspondents.— G.  N.— M.— A.  K.— G.  W.  M.— 
E.  W.  G.— A.  H.  K.— E.  A.  B.— P.  C.  P.— Received. 

W.  H.  C— J.  M.  B.— Many  thanks. 

We  cannot  undertake  to  reply  to  inquiries  concerning  the 
appearance  of  reviews  of  books. 

We  do  not  undertake  to  give  the  value  of  books,  china, 
pictures,  &c. 

No  notice  can  be  taken  of  anonymous  communications. 


T 


H      E 


ATHEN.EUM, 


PRICE  THREEPENCE. 

Is  published  every  FRIDAY  in  time  for  the  Afternoon  Mails.    Terms 

of  Subscription,  free  bv  post  to  nil  porta  of  the  United  Kingdom  :  Pol 

Six  Months.  7a.  8d.  ;  for  Twelve  Months.  16s,  3cf.     For  the  Continent 

and   nil   places  within   the  Postal  Union:   For  Six  Months,  »». ;   for 

Twelve  Months,  18».,  commencing  from  any  date,  payable  iu  advance  to 

JOHN  C.  FRANCIS. 

Athenaeum  Offiee.  Bream's  Buildings.  Chancery  Lane.  London.  E.C. 


INDEX   TO   ADVERTISERS. 


Authors'  Agents      2 

Bagstek 27 

Bell  &  Sons 24 

Business  for  disposai 2 

Catalogues       2 

Euucationai l 

Exhibitions i 

Burst  &  Blackett 4 

Macmii.lan  &  Co 4 

Magazines,  &c 2 

Miscellaneous 1 

Notes  and  Queries 26 

Nurr         -7 

Provident  Institutions l 

quabitcb 26 

Sales  by  Auction 2 

situations  Vacant 1 

Situations  Wanted 1 

smith,  Elder  &  Co 2fl 

sonnknschkin  &  co 3 

Typewriters,  &c 2 

I'NWIN          4 

Wanted  to  Purchase         2 


MESSRS       BELL'S 

NEW    BOOKS. 

Small  4to,  illuHtrat"<l,  10s.  6d.   net. 

QUEEN  MARYS  BOOK. 

A  Collection  of  Poemi  Hid  Bessys  by  MART, 
QUEEN    01    BO0T8.      Edited  by  Mm    P 
STKWAKTMA*  KENZU  ARBUTHNOT. 

"Mrs.   Arbuthnot luis    collected  and    given, 

with  translations  into  modern  English,  the  work) 
and  authentic  sayings  of  this  most  romantic  and 
tragic  figure  in  Anglo-Scottish  annals..  Mr-. 
Arbuthnot  is  to  be  prais**l  warmly  for  the  skill 
and  scholarship  with  which  she  has  edited  thin 
book.  It  should  be  owned  by  all  those  who 
fascinated  by  the  mystery  and  deathless  charm  of 
Mary  Stuart." — Tribune. 

Demy  8vo,  with  7  Portraits,  15s.   net. 

THE    ELIZABETHAN 
RELIGIOUS  SETTLEMENT. 

A    Study   of   Contemporary    Document,1'.     Bv 
HENRY   NORBERT   BIRT,   O.S.B.,  Priest 
of  Downside  Abbey. 
"These  six  hundred  pages.  .  .  .  contain  such  a 
wealth    of    concisely   stated    and    well  -  arranged 
material  of  a  reliable  character — and  much  of  the 
volume    has  undergone  a  severe  testing — tha" 
future  student  of  the  first  half  of  the  Elizabethan 
age  can  possibly  afford  to  do  without  them." 

Church  Times. 

LES    CLASSIQUES    FRANCAIS 
ILLUSTRES. 

Publics  sous  la  direction  de  DANIEL  O'CONNOR. 

Small  crown  8vo,  with  8  Full-Page  Illustrations  in, 

Colour  and  29  in  Black  and  White.     5s.  net. 

NOW  READY. 

GEORGE    SANDS. 

LES  MAITRES  SONNEURS. 

Preface  d'EMILE  FAGUET,  de  l'Academie 
Francaise.  Illustrations  de  M.  V.  WHEEL- 
HOUSE. 

HANDBOOKS  OF  THE  GREAT  MASTERS 

IN  PAINTING  AND  SCULPTURE. 

Edited    by    G.    C.    WILLIAMSON,    Litt.D. 

"  CHEAPER  RE-ISSUE. 

Post  8vo,  with  40  Illustrations  and  Photogravure 

Frontispiece,  3s.   6d.   net  each. 

READY   JANUARY   8. 

VELASQUEZ. 

By  R.  A.  M.  STEVENSON. 

PERUGINO. 

ByG.  C.  WILLIAMSON,  Litt.D. 

PIERO  DELLA  FRANCESCA. 

By  W.  G.  WATERS,  M.A. 

PINTORICCHIO. 

By  EVELYN  MARCH  PHILLIPS. 


NEW   VOLUME  OF 

BELL'S  MINIATURE  BIOGRAPHIES 

Pott  8vo,  with  8  Illustrations,  cloth,  Is.  net; 
leather,  with  Photogravure  Frontispiece,  2s.  net. 

THE  BROTHERS  VAN  EYCK. 

By  P.  G.  KONODY. 

Post  8vo,  5s.  net. 

THE    GREATER 
ENGLISH  POETS  OF  THE 
NINETEENTH    CENTURY. 

By  WILLIAM  MORTON  PAYNE,  LL.D. 
A  study  of  the  nineteenth-century  poets,  having 
for  its  purpose  the  discussion  of  their  relation  to 
the  world  of  thought  and  action,  and  the  setting 

forth  of  their  ideas  upon  religious  and  philosophic  U 
subjects  and  upon  the  political  and  social  con- 
ditions of  their  time. 

London:      GEORGE       BELL      &      SONS, 
York   House,    Portugal  Street,    W.C. 


No.  4184,  Jan.  4,  1908 


THE     ATHENAEUM 


25 


NOW    READY. 

1  vol,  imperial  8vo.  pp.  xl-158,  with  21  Coloured  Plates  by  KEULEMANS,  Landscapes,  and 
a  Map ;  Roxburghe.  £3  13s.  6d.  net. 

or  in  half-green  morocco,  gilt  top.  £4  4s.  net. 

THE  EDITION  IS  LIMITED  TO  300  NUMBERED  COPIES. 

THE  BIRDS  OF  TIERRA  DEL  FUEGO. 

By  RICHARD  CRAWSHAY,  Captain,  Reserve  of  Officers : 
Late  Inniskilling  Dragoons. 

For  ornithologists  the  chief  interest  will  naturally  centre  in  the  Birds,  which,  the 
anthor  states,  are,  he  believes,  the  most  comprehensive  collection  yet  made  in  the  island, 
including  many  recorded  from  there  for  the  first  time.  Amongst  these  are  a  male  and  a 
female  of  the  very  rare  and  exquisitely  beautiful  little  Magellan  Plover  (Pluvianellus 
jioclabilis),  only  three  other  examples  of  which  are  known  to  exist  in  collections — one  of 
these  having  been  obtained  by  Captain  P.  P.  King,  R.N.,  on  the  "Adventure"  and 
"Beagle"  Survey,  182G-1836  ;  another  by  the  "Astrolabe"  and  "Zelee"  Antarctic 
Expedition. 

Fine  hand-coloured  plates  by  J.  G.  Keulemans,  realistically  drawn  in  natural  pose  and 
environment,  illustrate  those  species  which  the  author  considers  the  greatest  rarities  and 
the  most  remarkable  personalities  of  the  birds  of  the  island.  Furthermore,  the  book  is 
enhanced  by  landscapes  from  photographs  illustrative  of  the  prevailing  various  types  of 
scenery,  more  especially  as  considered  in  relation  to  the  haunts  of  birds.  Other 
illustrations  are  the  dedication,  and  a  carefully  compiled  artistically  coloured  map 
of  the  region. 

NOW    READY. 

SMALL  PAPER,  400  copies  printed,  each  numbered.  1  vol.  4to,  pp.  xxiii-418  ,  with  139 

Reproductions ;  boards.  £1  5s.  net. 

LARGE  PAPER,  100  copies  printed,  each  numbered.  1  vol.  folio,  boards.      £2  10s.  net. 

PORTRAITS     IN     SUFFOLK     HOUSES 

(WEST). 

By  Rev.  EDMUND  FARRER,  F.S.A. 

A  detailed  list  of  such-  portraits  as  remain  in  our  country  houses  was  long  ago  the  idea 
of  the  late  Director  of  the  National  Portrait  Gallery,  Sir  George  Scharf,  K.C.B.,  and  the 
present  volume  is  an  attempt  on  the  part  of  the  compiler  to  supply  such  for  the  County  of 
Suffolk.  The  work  has  been  undertaken  and  carried  out  with  the  permission  and  by  the 
help  of  every  owner  of  portraits  in  the  western  division  of  the  county,  that  being  the  only 
portion  dealt  with  in  the  present  volume. 

So  far  as  possible  every  portrait  known  to  exist,  whether  in  the  larger  mansions  and 
farmhouses  of  the  county,  or  in  the  towns,  is  described,  the  name  of  the  artist  given  when 
known,  and  a  short  genealogical  account  of  the  subject  appended. 

JUST  PURCHASED  FROM  THE  AUTHOR. 

SMALL  PAPER,  200  copies  printed,  of  which  95  remain  for  sale.     1  vol.  8vo,  pp.  xxxi-93, 
with  Plates  in  Tint  and  numerous  Woodcuts  ;  boards.  6s.  net] 

LARGE  PAPER,  50  copies  printed,  of  which  6  remain  for  sale.     1  vol  4to,  half-vellum. 

21s.  net. 

A  LIST  OF    MONUMENTAL   BRASSES 

REMAINING    IN 

THE    COUNTY    OF     SUFFOLK, 

MDCCCCIII. 

By   Rev.    EDMUND    FARRER. 

This  interesting  Suffolk  item  is  a  companion  volume  to  the  same  author's  '  A  List  of 
Monumental  Brasses  in  Norfolk  Churches.'    The  remaining  stock  should  soon  be  exhausted. 

THE  THIRD  AND  CONCLUDING  PART  ALMOST  READY. 

1  vol.  atlas  folio,  with  about  52  wholly  or  partly-Coloured  Plates  ;  in  3  Parts.        £20  net. 

250  COPIES  FOR  SALE,  OF  WHICH  FIVE  ARE  ON  SILK. 

A   HISTORY  OF  ORIENTAL 

BEFORE   1800. 

Including  a  Description  of  hitherto  unfigured  Carpets  in  the  Royal  Collections  of 
Sweden  and  Denmark  and  the  Imperial  Collection  of  Turkey. 

By  F.  R.  MARTIN. 

This  work,  which  is  uniform  in  size  and  style  with  that  issued  by  the  Austrian  Govern' 
it  in  1892,  is  being  printed  at  the  Imperial  Press,  Vienna. 


CARPETS 


went 


Since  it  was  first  announced  in  February,  1906,  the  author  has  had  placed  at  his  dis- 
posal so  much  interesting  and  new  material  that  it  has  been  found  necessary  to  considerably 
enlarge  the  contents  of  the  book.  Instead  of  the  one  hundred  illustrations  mentioned  iii 
the  preliminary  prospectus  the  text  will  contain  more  than  400  reproductions  illustrating 
the  history  of  ancient  carpets.  In  addition  there  will  be  about  flftv-two  wholly  or  partly 
"1' >ured  plates  instead  of  the  thirty  announced  previously.  This  enlargement  of  the 
original  scheme  having  entailed  so  much  additional  expense,  it  is  necessary  that  the   final 

subscription  price  be  201.  net.  After  complete  publication  the  price  must  be  raised  still 
further,  as  the  revised  estimate  of  the  cost,  made  last  year,  has  been  exceeded  bv  about 

3001 


1  vol.  with  324  Coloured  Photogravures  in  original  size  ;  sewed,  in  a  strong  box. 

£21  5s.  net. 

or  bound  in  handsome  leather  with  brass  ornaments,  the  whole  reproduced  from  a 

design  by  DCRER.  £26  5s.  net- 

350  NUMBERED  COPIES  PRINTED  FOR  SALE,  A  NUMBER  OF  WHICH   HAVE 

BEEN    SUBSCRIBED. 


PRAYER 


BOOK    OF    THE 
MAXIMILIAN    I. 


EMPEROR 


With  Drawings  by  ALBRECHT  DIRER,  and  other  Artists. 

Photographic  Facsimile  in  from  4  to  10  Colours,  edited  by  KARL  GIEHLOW,  under 
-the  Patronage  of  the  Royal  Imperial  Ministry  of  Education  in  Vienna  and  the  Royal 
Ministry  of  Education  and  Medicine  in  Berlin. 

After  March  15,  1908,  the  above  prices  will  be  raised  to  £25  and  t30  respectively.  The 
work  cannot  be  reprinted. 

Three  copies  were  printed  on  vellum,  of  which  one  is  still  to  be  obtained  at  the  price 
•of  £250.  y 


JUST    PUBLISHED. 
1    vol.    royal   4to,  48   Plates  in  Photogravure  and  Collotype,  with  Explanatory  Text ; 
buckram.  £2  2s.  net. 

One  Hundred  Copies  only  have  been  printed,  all  numbered,  of  which  only  a  limited  number 

are  for  sale. 

ILLUSTRATIONS    OF 

ONE     HUNDRED     MANUSCRIPTS 

IN     THE     LIBRARY     OF 

HENRY    YATES    THOMPSON. 

Volume  I.  containing  48  Plates,  illustrating  10  French  MSS.  from  the  Eleventh  to  the 

Sixteenth  Centuries. 
London  :  Printed  at  the  Chiswick  Press,  1907. 
The  precious  Illuminated  MSS.  in  the  library  of  Mr.  Henry  Yates  Thompson  are  well 
known  to  form  one  of  the  finest  private  collections  in  existence.  In  the  preface  to  a  recently 
issued  Catalogue  of  twenty  of  these  MSS.  he  says  :  "Since  the  publication  in  two  volumes 
of  the  Descriptive  Catalogue  of  my  Illuminated  Manuscripts  in  1898  and  1902,  I  have  for 
various  reasons  found  it  expedient  not  to  increase  the  number  of  these  precious  books  in 
my  library  beyond  the  one  hundred  therein  described.  My  plan  has  been  never  to  buy  anv 
additional  volume  unless  it  were  decidedly  superior  in  value  and  interest  to  one  at  least  of 
my  original  hundred,  and  upon  its  acquisition  pitilessly  to  discard  the  least  fascinating  of 
the  said  hundred."  In  pursuance  of  this  scheme,  twenty-six  volumes  have  been  turned  out 
in  favour  of  better  examples,  and  the  quality  of  the  collection  can  be  gauged  from  the  fact 
that  one  alone  of  the  rejected  realized  1,810?.  at  auction.  The  present  work  is  intended  to 
illustrate  the  entire  collection  thus  improved,  and  when  completed  it  will  form  an  album 
of  the  most  valuable  kind  to  connoisseurs  and  students,  giving  a  view  of  the  history  of 
miniature  art  of  various  countries  and  styles,  by  means  of  examples  of  the  highest  order. 

JUST    PUBLISHED.  ~ 

1  vol.  royal  folio,  printed  on  Hand-Made  Paper,  with  a  Frontispiece  in  Gold  and  Colours  by 
W.  GRIGGS  and  20  Plates  in  Photogravure  by  EMERY  WALKER;  half-vellum. 

£3  13s.  6d.  net 

THE    GORLESTON    PSALTER. 

A  Manuscript  of  the  beginning  of  the  Fourteenth  Century  in  the  Library  of  C.  W.  Dyson 
Perkins.     Described  in  relation  to  other  East  Anglian  books  of  the  period  by  SYDNEY 

C.  COCKERELL. 
London  :  Printed  at  the  Chiswick  Press,  1907. 
This  handsome  volume,  though  primarily,  as  the  title  announces,  a  detailed  description 
and  history  of  the  magnificent  Fourteenth-Century  manuscript  belonging  to  Mr.  Dyson 
Perrins,  known  as  the  Gorleston  Psalter,  is  at  the  same  time  a  carefully  written  monograph 
of  the  East  Anglian  school  of  miniature  painting  and  ornamentation  of  manuscripts  of  the 
period.  This  school  comprised  the  great  monastic  centres  of  Norwich,  Ely,  Ramsey,  and 
Bury  St.  Edmunds,  and  must  also  be  held  to  include  Peterborough,  though  this  was  just 
outside  the  East  Anglian  boundary.  There  is  little  doubt  that  the  Gorleston  Psalter  was 
written  and  illuminated  by  several  artists  of  different  style  for  Roger  Le  Bigod,  fifth  Earl 
of  Norfolk,  and  Marshal  of  England,  who  died  in  130H.  It  then  probably  became  the 
property  of  the  Cathedral  Priory  of  Norwich,  and  at  the  Reformation  no  doubt  passed 
into  secular  ownership,  for  in  the  latter  half  of  the  Sixteenth  Century  it  belonged  to  the 
Cornwallis  family,  and  remained  in  their  hands  until  1823,  when  it  was  presented  to  the 
Hon.  Richard  Aldworth-Neville.  The  present  owner  acquired  it  from  his  descendant,  the 
sixth  Baron  Braybrooke  of  Audley  End. 

1  vol.  4to,  200  copies  printed,  pp.  iv-12,  with  41  Plates  (6  coloured),  boards.  18s.  net. 

BYZANTINE     CERAMIC    ART. 

NOTES    ON    EXAMPLES    OP    BYZANTINE    POTTERY   RECENTLY 
POUND    AT    CONSTANTINOPLE. 
By  HENRY  WALLIS. 

1  vol.  folio,  with  large  folding  Frontispiece  in  Colours  of  the  Creat  Carpet  presented  by 
Mr.  Robert  Bell  to  the  Girdlers'  Company  in  1634,  17  other  Coloured  Plates,  and 
82  Plates  in  Monochrome,  half-morocco  neat,  gilt  top.  £1  4s    net 

ONE     HUNDRED     CARPET     DESIGNS 

FROM    VARIOUS    PARTS    OF    INDIA. 

With  a  Monograph  by  F.  H.  ANDREWS. 

Extracted  from  the  Journal  of  Indian  Art  (1905-1906). 


1  vol.  Svo,  pp.  384,  with  2  folding  Plans  and  numerous  Illustrations  in  the  Text,  sewed. 

5s.  net. 
or  in  half-morocco.  Q8.  net- 

THE     ROMAN     FORUM     AND    THE 
PALATINE 

ACCORDING    TO    THE     LATEST     DISCOVERIES. 

ByJIORACE  MARUCCHI.        

250  copies  printed.     1  vol.  small  4to,   pp.  274-xlviii,  uniform  with  the  Bibliographical 
Society's  Transactions.  21s.  net. 

A     ROLL     OF     HONOUR. 

A  CALENDAR  OP  THE  NAMES  OP  OVER  17,000  MEN  AND 
WOMEN  "WHO  THROUGHOUT  THE  BRITISH  ISLES  AND  IN 
OUR    EARLY  COLONIES  HAVE  COLLECTED  MSS.  AND  PRINTED 

BOOKS    PROM    THE    XlVth    TO    THE    XlXth    CENTURY. 
By  W.  CAREW   HAZLITT. 


1  vol.  royal  8vo,  pp.  xvi-535,  cloth. 


NOW    READY 


25s.  net. 


BIBLIOGRAPHY    OF    THE    JAPANESE 

EMPIRE. 

VOL.  II.    COMPRISING    THE    LITERATURE    IN   EUROPEAN 

LANGUAGES    PROM    1894-1906. 

Witli   Additions    and    Corrections    to    the    First    Volume  and  a   Supplement  to    LK ION 

PAGES'  '  Bihliographie  Japonaise.' 

Compiled  by  F.   von    W  E  NCKS  T E  R N. 

"The  Bibliography  before  us  leaves  no  further  excuse  for  ignorance  on  the  subject 

(viz.,  Japan).     It  affords  the  most  convincing  proof  that  there  is  not  a  single  feature  of 

Japanese  life,  individual  or  national,  that  has  not  been  discussed  by  a  number  of  writers, 

and  we  must  render  the  author  the  tribute  of  our  unqualified  admiration  of  the  extensive 

knowledge  and  tireless  energy  he  has  brought   to   his  task...  We   strongly  recommend 

Embassies,   Legations  and  Consulates    General,    Foreign    Offices,    Foreign   Chambers    of 

Commerce,  Libraries,  Clubs,  and  other  public  institutions,  as  well  as  newspaper  offices  and 

public  writers,  therefore,  to  purchase  a  copy  of  this  excellent  work,  of  which,  we  hope,  a 

sufficient  number  of  copies  has  been  printed  to  meet  the  demand  it  is  sure  to  hare." 

Eastern  World,  August  17,  1907. 


BERNARD    QUARITCH, 


11,  Grafton    Street,    New    Bond    Street, 


W. 


2<> 


T  II  E     AT  II  KN\E  U  M 


No.  MM.  Jan.  4,  1908 


"Learned,  Chatty,  Useful." — Athenceum. 

"  That  delightful  repository  of  forgotten  lore,  '  Notes  and  Queries.' 

Edinburgh  Review,  October,  188CV. 

Every  Saturday,  of  any  Bookseller  or  Newsagent  in  England,  price  Ad. ;  or  free  by  post  to  the  Continent,  A\d. 

NOTES     AND     QUERIES: 

A  MEDIUM  OF  INTERCOMMUNICATION  FOR  LITERARY  MEN  AND  GENERAL  READERS. 


•  * 


Subscription,  10s.  3d.  for  Six  Months  ;    20s.  6d.  for  Twelve  Months,  including  pottage. 


The  NINTH  SERIES  of  NOTES  AND  QUERIES,  complete  in  12  vols. 
(JANUARY,  1898,  to  DECEMBER,  1903),  price  10s.  6d.  each  Volume, 
contains,  in  addition  to  a  great  variety  of  similar  Notes  and  Replies, 
Articles  of  Interest  on  the  following   Subjects. 

THIRD      SELECTION. 


BIBLIOGRAPHY  and  LITERARY  HISTORY. 

Translations  of  Galen— Books  on  Gaming— John  Gilpm  s  Route 
to  Edmonton— Mrs.  Glasse— '  Globe '  Centenary— Goethe- 
Oliver  Goldsmith— Thomas  Gray— Greene's  'Frier  Bacon  and 
Frier  Bongay  '—Grub  Street— A.  H.  Hallam's  Publications- 
Harvey,  Marston,  Jonson,  and  Nashe— Hawker  of  Morwen- 
stow— Heber's  '  Racing  Calendar  '—George  Herbert's  Proverbs 

Herrick— Heuskarian   Rarity  in   the   Bodleian— '  Historical 

English  Dictionary  '—Hood's  '  Comic  Annual.' 

«Tnp  pa  PHY 

"  The  Starry  Galileo  " — Letters  of  German  Notabilities — W.  E. 
Gladstone — Sir  Edmund  Berry  Godfrey — Duchess  of  Gordon — 
Duke  of  Grafton  and  Lord  Thurlow — Thomas  Guy's  Will — Nell 
Gwyn— Serjeant  Hawkins— Sir  John  Hawkwood — Sir  Richard 
*  Hotham— Victor  Hugo. 

ECCLESIASTICAL  MATTERS. 

Genesis  i.  1 — Nameless  Gravestones — Greek  Church  Vestments 

Hagioscope  or  Oriel — Heretics  Burnt — Hexham  Priory  and 

the  Au<mstales — Holy  Communion,  Substitutes  for  Bread — 
Honest  Epitaphs— Huxley  on  the  Bible—'  Hymns  Ancient  and 
Modern.' 

FINE  ARTS. 

Gainsborough's  lost  '  Duchess '— Grinling  Gibbons  s  Statue  of 
James  II. — Sir  John  Gilbert's  Drawings  in  the  'London 
Journal' — Miss  Gunning's  Portraits  —  Haydon's  Historical 
Pictures — Pictures  by  Sir  G.  Hayter— Hogarth— Holbein 
Portraits — Hoppner  Portraits. 

PHILOLOGY  and  GRAMMAR. 

Caimacam   or  Kaimakam — Camelry — Cecil,   its  Pronunciation 

Celtic  Words  in  Anglo-Saxon  Districts — Chaperon  applied  to 

Males Chic   recognized  by  the  French  Academy — Chi-ike — 

"  Chink  "  of  Woods — Comically — Corn-bote — Creak  as  a  Verb 

Crowdy-mutton — Deadfold — Dewsiers — "  Different    than  " — 

Dive,  Peculiar  Meaning — Dude — Electrocute — English  Accentu- 
ation— Ey  in  Place-names — Fashion  in  Language — Fearagur- 
thok,  Irish  Word — Felibre — Filbert — Flapper,  Anglo- Indian 
Slang— Irish  "Flittings" — Floyd  v.  Lloyd— Folk  or  Folks — 
Foulrice — Frail — Gallant,  its  Varying  Accent — Gallimaufry — 
Gambaleery — Gaol  and  Goal — Garage — Gavel    and    Shieling — 

Chetto Ghost-words — "  Good  afternoon  " — Doubtful  Grammar 

in  A.V.  and  Prayer  Book — Greek  Pronunciation — Gutter- 
snipe— Gwyneth — Halsh — Hattock — Help  with  an  Infinitive — 
Helpmate  and  Helpmeet — Henbane — Heron — High-faluting — 
Hooligan  —  Hopef ul  and  Sangiy  _a  —  Huish  —  Hullabaloo  — 
Hurtling. 


PROVERBS  AND  QUOTATIONS. 

"  Cambuscan  bold  " — "  Carnage  is  God's  daughter  " — "  Chalk  oa 
the  door" — "Lug  the  coif"  —  "Comparisons  are  odious" — 
"Crow to  pluck" — "Crying  down  credit" — "Cutting  his  stick" 
— "Who  sups  with  the  devil" — "  Down  to  the  ground" — "Dutch 
courage  "  —  "  Embarras  des  richesses  "  —  "  English  take  their 
pleasures  sadly" — "Enjoy  bad  health" — "Fall  below  par" — 
"  Farewell,  vain  world  " — "  Fegges  after  peace  " — "  Fert,  Fertr 
Fert,"  on  Italian  Coins — "  First  catch  your  hare  " — "  Flea  in 
the  ear  " — "  Forgive,  blest  shade  " — French  Sermon  in  Proverbs 
— Familiar  French  Quotations — "  God  works  wonders  now  and 
then  " — "  Gone  to  Jericho  " — "  Green  grief  to  the  Grahams  " — 
"  Grass  widow  " — Gratitude  Defined — "  Green-eyed  monster  "" 
— "  Heart  of  grace  "— "  Hook  it "— "  Hop  the  twig  "— "  Horse- 
marine." 
SONGS,  BALLADS,  and  NURSERY  RIMES. 

"  Ask  nothing  more  of  me,  sweet " — '  Bailiffs  Daughter  of 
Islington  ' — '  Beggar's  Petition  ' — '  Canadian  Boat  Song ' — 
•  Charlie  is  my  Darling  ' — '  Cherry  Ripe  ' — '  Comin'  thro'  the 
Rye' — '  Dulce  Domum  ' — "  Gentle  shepherd,  tell  me  where  " — 
"  God  bless  the  King  ! — I  mean  the  Faith's  defender  " — "  i 
dwelt  in  a  city  enchanted  " — "  I  '11  hang  my  harp  on  a  willow 
tree  " — "  In  the  days  when  we  went  gipsying." 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

Acacia  in  Freemasonry — Adelaide  Waistcoat — Adulation  Extra- 
ordinary— Old  Advertisements — iEolian  Harp,  its  Construction 
— Albino  Animals  Sacrificed  —  Ale,  Bottled,  Burton,  and 
"  Lanted  " — Anagrams  on  Various  Subjects — Apostle  Spoons — 
Athens,  the  City  of  the  Violet  Crown  —  Autographs,  how 
to  keep  them  —  Bagman,  for  Commercial  Traveller  —  Bank 
of  England  and  Heberfield — First  Lady  Barrister — Birch-sap 
Wine — Ancient  Boats  Discovered — Bows  and  Arrows  last  used 
in  War — Bread  by  Troy  Weight — CIV.  Nicknames — Originator 
of  Christmas  Cards — Beginning  and  End  of  Centuries — Clerks 


-Chess 


Legend 


-Chimneys  in  Ancient  Houses- 


in  Chancery- 
Introduction  of  Chocolate  —  Twenty-four-hour  Clocks  —  Con- 
vivial Clubs — Local  Names  for  the  Cowslip — Earliest  Cricket 
Match — Death  from  Fright — Dutch  Fleet  captured  by  Cavalry 
— Standing  Egg — Brewers'  "  Entire  " — Earliest  Envelopes — 
Epigrams  and  Epitaphs — Farthings  Rejected — Feeding-Bottles 
First  Used — Five  o'Clock  Tea — Flats  in  London — Flaying  Alive 
— Franciscans  v.  Freemasons — Earliest  Funeral  Cards — Gas 
and  Locomotive — Gates  on  Commons  —  Genius  and  Large 
Families — Gentleman  Porter — Germination  of  Seeds — Slang 
for  Gin — Gipsy  Wedding  and  Funeral — Golf  and  Pall-mall — 
Goths  and  Huns — Guillotine — Gun  Reports — Hair  Powder  last 
Used — Hansom  Cab,  its  Inventor — First  Silk  Hat  in  London. 


JOHN  C.  FRANCIS  and  J.  EDWARD  FRANCIS,  Bream\s  Buildings,  Chancery  Lane,  London,  E.C. 


/ 


No.  4184,  Jan.  4,  1908 


T  H  E     A  T  H  E  N  M  U  M 


27 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


GENERAL   INDEXES. 


THE  FOLLOWING  ARE  STILL 
STOCK:— 

£ 


IN 


s.     d. 


GENERAL  INDEX, 

FOURTH  SERIES     -.330 

GENERAL  INDEX, 

SIXTH  SERIES         ..060 

GENERAL  INDEX, 

SEVENTH  SERIES  -.060 

GENERAL  INDEX, 

EIGHTH  SERIES     ..060 

For  Copies  by  post  an  additional  Three- 
pence is  charged. 


WORKS  BY 
WILLIAM    THYNNE    LYNN. 


ELEVENTH  EDITION  NOW  READY. 
Price  Two  Shillings  net. 

CELESTIAL    MOTIONS: 

A  Handy  Book  of  Astronomy. 

With  5  Plates. 
By  W.  T.  LYNN,  B.A.  F.R.A.S., 

Member  of  the  British  Astronomical  Association  ; 
formerly  of  the  Royal  Observatory,  Green- 
wich;  Author  of  'Remarkable  Comets,'  'Re- 
markable Eclipses,'  '  Astronomy  for  the 
Young,'  &c. 
"  Well  known  as  one  of  our  best  introductions  to 

astron  omy . " — Guardian. 


FIFTH  EDITION,  Revised  to  1908,  NOW 
READY,  fcap.  8vo,  cloth,  price  Sixpence. 

ASTRONOMY  FOR  THE 
YOUNG. 

By  W.  T.  LYNN,  B.A.  F.R.A.S. 


JOHN  C.  FRANCIS  &  J.  EDWARD  FRANCIS, 
Notes  and  Queries  Office,  Bream's  Buildings,  E  .C. 

In  2  vols,  crown  8vo,  with  2  Portraits,  21*. 

JOHN  FRANCIS  AND  THE  'ATHENAEUM.' 

W  A  Literary  Chronicle  of  Half  a  Century. 

By  JOHN  C.  FRANCIS. 
MACMILLAN  &  CO.,  Limited.  London. 


For  Acidity  of  the  Stomach. 
For  Heartburn  and  Headache. 
For  Gout  and  Indigestion. 


D 


INNEFORD'S 

]y/[    A   Q    N    E   S   I   A. 

For  Sour  Kructations  and  Bilious  Affections. 

A  Safe  and  most  effective  Aperient  for 

regular  use. 


NINTH  EDITION  IN  THE  PRESS. 
Fcap.  8vo,  cloth,  price  Sixpence. 

REMARKABLE  ECLIPSES: 

A  Sketch  of  the  most  interesting  Circumstances 
connected  with  the  Observation  of  Solar  and 
Lunar  Eclipses,  both  in  Ancient  and  Modern 
Times. 

By  W.  T.  LYNN,  B.A.  F.R.A.S. 


THIRTEENTH  EDITION  JUST  OUT ,  price 
Sixpence,  cloth. 

REMARKABLE  COMETS: 

A  Brief  Survey  of  the  most  interesting  Facts  in 
the  History  of  Cometary  Astronomj'. 

By    W.    T.    LYNN,    B.A.     F.R.A.S. 


FIRST  EDITION  EXHAUSTED. 

SECOND  EDITION  NOW  READY,  price 

One  Shilling. 

BIBLE  CHRONOLOGY: 

The  Principal  Events  Recorded  in  the  Holy 
Scriptures,  arranged  under  their  Probable 
Respective  Dates,  with  a  Description  of  the 
Places  named,  and  a  Supplement  on  English 
Versions. 

By  W.  T.  LYNN,  B.A.  F.R.A.S., 

Associate  of  King's  College,  London,  Lay  Reader 
in  the  Diocese  of  Southwark. 


SECOND  EDITION,  fcap.  8vo,  price  Fourpence. 

NEW  TESTAMENT 

CHRONOLOGY : 

The  Principal  Events  Recorded  in  the  New 
Testament,  arranged  under  their  Probable 
Respective  Dates. 

By  W.  T.  LYNN,  B.A.  F.R.A.S. 


London : 

SAMUEL  BAUSTER  &  SONS,  Limited, 

15,  Paternoster  Row. 


DAVID     NUTT, 

57-59,  LONG  ACRE. 


THE 

CLASSICAL   QUARTERLY. 

Edited  by  J.  P.  POSTGATE. 

Associate  Editors  for  America — Wm.  Gardner 
Hale,  University  of  Chicago  ;  T.  D.  Seymour. 
Yale  University ;  J.  H.  Wright,  Harvard 
University. 

Vol.  II.  JANUARY,  1908.    No.  1,  3s.  net  (post  free,  3s.  6d.). 

CONTENTS. 
On  the  Names  of  Aelivs  Caesar,  Adopted  Son  of  Hadrian. 

A.  S.  L.  FARQUH ARSON. 
Platonica  VIII.    HERBERT  RICHARDS. 
Prof.  S.  A.  Naber  on  Apollonivs  Rhodivs.     R.  C.  SEATON. 
Notes  and  Emendations  to  Seneca's  Letters.    WALTER  C. 

SUMMERS. 

A  Passage  of  Pindar  Reconsidered.     W.  J.  GOODRICH. 

Ad  Senecae  Dialogos.    A.  J.  KRONENBERG. 

Pericles  and  Cleon  in  Thucydides.    F.  MELIAN  STAWELL. 

Dorothevs  of  Sidon.     A.  E.  HOUSMAN. 

The  Epic  Cycle  (to  be  continued).    T.  W.  ALLEN. 

Summaries  of  Periodicals. 

General. 

Archaeological.     H.  B.  W. 

Numismatic.    WARWICK  WROTH. 

***  The  present  is  the  First  Number  of  Vol.  II.,  and  forms 
a  royal  8vo  of  80  pages.  The  Subscription  Price  for  the 
year  is  12s.  6rf.  post  free,  or,  taken  in  conjunction  with  the 
CLASSICAL  REVIEW,  18s.    Subscriptions  are  now  due. 

Vol.  I.  of  the  CLASSICAL  QUARTERLY  may  now  be 
had  in  a  strong  and  handsome  cloth  case  at  15s.  "net.  The 
Case  will  be  sent  to  Subscribers  to  Vol.  I.  for  2s.  post  free. 

No.  I.  of  the  CLASSICAL  REVIEW  for  1908  will  be 
issued  EARLY  IN  FEBRUARY. 

FOLKLORE. 

TRANSACTIONS  OF  THE   FOLK-LORE  SOCIETY, 

A  Quarterly  Review  of  Myth,  Tradition, 
Institution,  and  Custom. 


Vol.  XVIII.     No.  4. 


5s.  net. 


CONTENTS. 


THE  CORPSE-DOOR:  a  Danish  Survival.    (With  PL  V  X 

—Dr.  H.  F.  FEILBERG. 
"DEATH'S    DEEDS":   a   Bi-located   Story.    (With   PI 

VI.,  VII.).— A.  LANG,  M.A.  LLD. 

THE    PRINCIPLES    OF    FASTING.— EDWARD   WES- 
TERMARCK,  M.A.  Litt.D.  &c. 

COLLECTANEA  :  Secret  Societies  and  Fetishism  in  Sierra 
Leone  (with  PI.  VIII.,  IX.,  and  X.\  A.  R.  WRIGHT. 
—Folk  Traditions  of  the  Mughal  Emperors.  KARIM 
HAIDAR  LODI. — Notes  on  some  Ancient  Ecclesias- 
tical Practices  in  Armenia.  F.  C.  CONYBEARE.— 
Dairy  Folk-lore  in  West  Norfolk.  F.  A.  MILNE  — 
Veterinary  Practice.  HERBERT  SOUTHAM,  F.S.A. 
— All  Hallows  Eve  and  other  Festivals  in  Connaught 
HUGH  JAMES  BYRNE.— Shetland  Brownies.  ¥.  C. 
CONYBEARE. 

CORRESPONDENCE.— At  the  Back  of  the  Black  Mans 
Mind.  R.  E.  DENNETT.—  Travel  Notes  in  South 
Africa:  A  Correction.  E.  SIDNEY  HARTLAND.— 
The  Celtic  Other-World.  ALFRED  NUTT— A 
Brittany  Marriage  Custom.  F.  C.  CONYBEARE.  F. 
SIDNEY  HARTLAND.  Folk-Song  Refrain.  H.  M 
BOWER.— The  Fifth  of  November  and  Guv  Fawkes 
M.  PEACOCK. 

REVIEWS  :-W.  W.  Skeat  and  C.  O.  Blagden,  'Pagan 
Races  of  the  Malay  Peninsula.'  W.  CROOKE.— 
Northcote  W.  Thomas,  '  Anthropological  Essays  pre- 
sented to  Edward  Burnett  Tylor.'  EDWARD  CLODD. 
— Emile  Durkheim,  '  L'Annee  Sociologique. '  E. 
SIDNEY  HARTLAND.—  Rem*  Hoffmann,  'La  Notion 
de  l'Etre  Supreme  chez  les  Peuples  Non-Civilises.  A. 
LANG.— Helen  Child  Sargent  and  George  Lyman 
Kittredge,  'English  and  Scottish  Popular  Ballads.' 
AXELOLRIK. 
INDEX. 

TITLE  AND  CONTENTS. 
The  present  Number  completes  FOLK-LORE  for  1907. 
FOLK-LORE  (20s.  to  non-Members  of  the  Folk-Lon 
Society)  is  supplied  to  Members  gratis,  together  with  the 
Extra  Publication  for  the  year.  Annual  Subscription  to 
the  Folk-Lore  Society  is  1/.  Is.  Application  for  Member- 
ship should  be  addressed  to  the  Secretary,  F.  A.  MILNE, 
Esq.,  11,  Old  Square,  Lincoln's  Inn. 

Prospectus  of  the  Society,  with  List  of  Publications,  may 
be  had  on  application  to  the  Publishers. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY  OF  ANTHROPOLOGY 

AND    FOLK-LORE,    1008.     Containing   Works 
published   within    the   British    Empire.    Compiled    by 
NORTHCOTE  W.  THOMAS,  M.A.    Demy  8vo,  lxxii  pp., 
wrappers,  2s.  net  (post  free  2s.  .V.X 
V  THE    BIBLIOORAPHY    OF    FOLK    LORE,    com 

prising  the  Publications  of  the  Year  1905,  may  still  be  had 

for  Is.  net  (Is.  2rf.  post  free). 


■»s 


T  II  K     A  T  II  K  N  M  U  M 


ST0.  4184,  Jan.  I,  190H 


SMITH,  ELDER  &  CO.'K  I ^IBLI CATIONS 

LORD  WANTAGE,  V.C.  K.C.B.:  a  Memoir  W.    M.    THACKERAY'S    WORKS. 

_  _  rm__     MAAtl  A   i.tii.<  A  f       DMWfcM  ...  i  ,  . 


By  his  WIFE.    With  8  Portrait*  in  PhoCogmvnn.    [Afgt  Bro,  10s.  6d.  net. 
The  Morning  Poll  «ayi :    "A  simple  record,  limply  and  gracefully  told,  of  a  long, 

ion.. untile,  and  n-efiil  rareer." 


THEIR    ELDERS. 

Crown  Svo,  6s. 


A    BOOK    FOR    CHILDREN    AND 
With  88  Illustrations  l.v  E.  T.  REED. 

THE  UNLUCKY  FAMILY. 

By  Mrs.  HKNRY   DE  LA   PASTURE. 
The  WtitmhuUrGazttti  aayi : — "<Jne  of  the  most  amusing  of  the  children's  books  issued 

this  season."  ^____ 

THROUGH  THE  MAGIC  DOOR. 

By  A  CONAN  DOYLE.     With  16  Illustrations.     Crown  Svo,  5s. 
Country  Life  says  :— "  A  document  of  supreme  value.    The  feature  of  the  book  that  will 
most  general ly  commend  it,  is  its  absolute  honesty." 

^HOLIDAY  IN  THE  HAPPY  VALLEY 

WITH  PEN  AND  PENCIL. 

By  T.  R  SWINBURNE,  Major  (late  R.M.A.).    With  24  Full-Page  Illustrations  in 
Colour,  and  a  Map.    Demy  Svo,  16s.  net. 
Truth  says  :— "  A  cheery  account  of  an  unconventional  fount  among  superb  scenery. 
Major  Swinburne's  brash  paints  the  pictures  where  words  fail." 

NATURE'S  MOODS  AND  TENSES. 

By  HORACE  G.  HUTCHINSON.     With  32  Page  Illustrations.    7s.  6d.  net. 
Punch  says  : — "  Genial  and  informing.     The  observer  of  the  phenomena  of  the  fields  and 
woods  could  not  have  a  more  agreeable  guide  than  the  golfing  sage  of  Ashdown  Forest." 

THE    LIFE     OF    CAVOUR. 

By  the  Hon.  EDWARD  CADOGAN.     With  a  Frontispiece.    7s.  6d.  net 
The  Daily  Telegraph  says  :— "  Mr.  Cadogan  has  managed  to  give  us  not  only  a  vivid 
picture  of  the  man,  but  has  also  contributed  a  valuable  addition  to  our  historical  shelves." 

THE    ALTAR    FIRE. 

By  A.  C.  BENSON.    Second  Impression.    Large  post  Svo,  7s.  6d.  net. 
The  World  says  :—"  Incomparably  the  finest  thing  that  its  author  has  given  us." 


PROSE  IDYLS:OF  THE  WEST  RIDING. 

By  Lady  CATHERINE  MILNES  GASKELL.     Crown  Svo,  6s. 
The  Daily  Telegraph  says:— "They  are   very  natural  and  romantic,  quietly  pathetic, 
never  rousing  one  to  any  great  pitch  of  emotion,  but  ever  pleasing  with  their  charm." 

JOHN    HARVARD    AND    HIS    TIMES. 

By  HENRY  C.  SHELLEY.     With  24  Full-Page  Illustrations.   Crown  8vo,  7s.  6d.  net. 

The  Westminster  Gazette  says:— "A  notable  example  of  constructive  and  conjectural 

biography." 

A    HISTORY     OF    THE    MINORBES. 

By  the  Rev.  E.  M.  TOMLINSON.    With  4  Portraits  in  Photogravure  and  9  Half- 
Tone  Illustrations.     Demy  Svo,  18s.  net. 
The  Tribune  says  :— "  An  admirable  example  of  historical  research,  and  should  be  read 
by  every  student  of  London's  great  past." 

theTsocial  fetich. 

By  LADY  GROVE.     With  a  Frontispiece.     Demy  Svo,  5s.  net. 
The  Daily  Telegraph  says  :— "  One  of  the  most  entertaining  volumes  of  the  kind  we  have 
seen  for  a  long  time,  and  will  be  found  refreshingly  entertaining  by  those  in  search  of  light 
reading." . 

REMINISCENCES  OF  OXFORD. 

Bv  the  Rev.    W.    TUCKWELL,   M.A.     REVISED    AND    CHEAPER    EDITION, 
CONSIDERABLY  ENLARGED.     With  10  Illustrations.     Large  post  Svo.  6s. 
The  Athena-ant  says  :— "  Contains  much  new  matter  and  is  not  to  be  missed  by  any  one 
who  takes  an  interest  in  bygone  Oxford  and  the  academic  story  at  its  best." 

POPULAR    SIX-SHILLING    NOVELS. 
THE  BROKEN  ROAD.  By  a.  e.  w.  mason. 

LAI  D  U  P  I N  LAVE N  D E R.  By  Stanley  weyman. 
MY    MERRY    ROCKHURST. 

By  AGNES  and  EGERTON  CASTLE. 

H  E  R  L  A  D  YS  H I  P.  By  Katharine  t ynan. 

THE    AWAKENING    OF    BITTLESHAM. 

By  G.  F.  BRADBY. 


The  BIOCKAPIIICAI,  EDITION.     In  13  vols,  large  crown  Bvo,  cloth,  gilt  top,  6e. 
each      l  he  18  vol*  ar.-  also  lupplied  in  -        loth  binding,  gilt  top,  _3  18a. 


MRS.    GASKELL'S    WORKS. 


The  "KNUTSFOBD' 
4s.  6d.  each  net. 


EDITION.     In  b  volt,  crown  svo,  cut  edges,  cloth,  pit  top, 


LIFE  AND  WORKS  OF  CHARLOTTE, 
EMILY,      AND      ANNE      BRONTE. 


The  "HAWORTH  "  EDITION".     In  7  vols.,  large  etOWB  Bi 
or  in  Set  cloth  binding,  gill  top,  £2  2s.  the  Bet 


i  loth,  gilt  top,  6s.  each; 


MISS    THACKERAY'S    WORKS. 

UNIFORM  edition.    Each  volume  illustrated  by  a  Vignette  Title-Page.    10 

large  crown  Svo,  6s.  each 

ROBERT  BROWNING'S 
COMPLETE      WORKS. 

CHEAPER    EDITION,   Edite.l    and   Annotated    by  the  Rt.   Hon.    AUGUSTINE 
BIRRELL,  K.C.  M.P.,  and  FREDERIC  a.   KKNYON.    i  v. ,ls.  huge  , 
cloth,  gilt  top,  with  Portrait  Frontispiece  to  each  volume,  7s.  6d-  per  vol. 

V  Also  the  UNIFORM  EDITION,  in  17  \..)  .,  and  the  POCKET  EDITION  in  8  vols. 
Particulars  upon  application. 

ELIZABETH    BARRETT   BROWNING'S 
POETICAL    WORKS. 

CHEAPER  EDITION,  complete  in  1  vol.  with  Portrait.  Large  crown  Svo,  cloth,  gilt 
top,  3s.  6d. 

V  Also  the  UNIFORM  EDITION  in  C  vols,  and  the  POCKET  EDITION  in  I 
Particulars  upon  application. 

LEAVES  FROM  THE  JO URNAL  OF" 
OUR  LIFE  IN  THE  HIGHLANDS, 

FROM  1848  TO  1861.      Edited  by  Sir  ARTHUR  HELPS.    With  b  Engravin, 
Steel,   2   Interior  Views  of   Balmoral    in    Chromolithograph)',  and   upwards  of  60 
highly-finished  Engravings  on  Wood,  royal  4to,  42s. 
-/Also    the  LIBRARY    EDITION,    illustrated,    demy    Svo,    10s.    6d.  ;    and    the 
POPULAR  EDITION,  with  Woodcut  Illustrations,  fcap.  Svo.  2s.  6d. 

MORE  LEAVES  FROM    THE  JOURNAL 
OF  A  LIFE  IN  THE  HIGHLANDS, 

FROM    1862    TO    1S82.     With  Portraits  and  Woodcut   Illustrations.     FIFTH 
EDITION.    Svo,  10s.  6d 

*«  Also  the  POPULAR  EDITION,  with  Portraits  and  Woodcut  Illustrations,  fcap. 
Svo,  2s    6d. _________ 

LIFE  OF  H.R.H.  THE  PRINCE  CONSORT 

By  Sir  THEODORE  MARTIN,   K.C.B.    K.C.V.O.     PEOPLE'S  EDITION,  in  one 
volume,  bound  in  cloth,  4s.  6d. :  or  in  6  parts,  price  6d.  each. 

WESLEY  AND  HIS  CENTURY^- 

A  Study  in  Spiritual  Forces.     By  w.  n.  fitch  kit,  b.a.  li.  i>. 

With  a  Photogravure  Frontispiece  from  the  Portrait  of  John  Wesley  by  GEORGE 
ROMNEY,  and  Four  Facsimiles  of  Letters,  Ac.     SECOND  IMPRESSION,     small 

demy  8vo,  6s.  net. 

Athenaium. — "  We  can  conceive  no  volume  of   reference  more  iudispensable  to  the 
scholar,  the  literary  man,  the  historian,  and  the  journalist." 

In  1  vol.  of  1.464  pp.  royal  Svo.  2.Ks.  net  in  cloth  :  or  32s.  net  in  half-morocco. 

THE  DICTIONARY  OF  NATIONAL 

BIOGRAPHY  INDEX  AND  EPITOME. 

Edited  bv  SIDNEY  LEE. 
NOTE.—  Copies  of  the  '  INDFX  AND  EPITOME'  ffi  the  alternative  binding*  cant* 
setnat  the  Principal   Booksellers'  in  London  and  in  the  Count  ni.     A  Prosjjcctus  of 
the   'DICTIONARY     OF    NATIONAL    BIOGRAPHY'   and   of  the 
'  INDEX  AND  EPITOME  '  u-ill  be  tent  pott  free  on  application. 

"THlT  CORNHILL   MAGAZINE 

For   JANUARY    contains    the    First    Instalment    of   a 

NEW    SERIAL    STORY    BY 


MRS.     HENRY    DE 

Author  of  'Peter's  Mother,1*'  Deborah  of  Tod's 


LA    PASTURE, 

'Catherine  of  Calais,'  ftc,  entitled 


CATHERINE'S    CHILD. 


And  the  following 
"WROTH.    Chaps.  XV.-XVH.    By  Acnes 

and  EGERTON  CASTLE. 
A  CHRISTMAS  TEA  PARTY.     By 

Arthur  F.  Willis. 
EDWARD  LEAR.    By  1a$  Malcolm. 
THE  BOOK   ON  THE  TABLE.    By 

Ladv  rouertCf.ch. 
KAYUKE  AND  ALQO.     By  K.  and 

Hbskbth  PkICHARD. 
"MY    NIGHT    IN."     By   His    Honour 

Judge  Parry. 

At  all  Booksellers'  and  .V  WtagentM 


Contrihutions : — 

REMINISCENCES  OP  THE  SUN- 
DAY TRAMPS.  By  Prof,  James 
Sully. 

LOVE  AND  A  BEE.    By  OF.  Bradhy. 

THE  WAR  JOURNALS  OP  "  GARI- 
BALDI'S ENGLISHMAN."  By 
Q.  M.  Tkf.yki.yw. 

AT  LARGE.  VII.  KELMSCOTT 
AND  WILLIAM  MORRIS.  By 
Arthur  C  Benson. 

'.    Price  ONE  SHILLING. 


Messrs.  SMITH,  ELDER  &  CO.  will  be  happy  to  send  an  Illustrated  Catalogue  of  their  Books  suitable  for  Presents  post  free  on  application. 

London:    SMITH,  ELDER  &  CO.  15,  Waterloo  Place,  S.W. 


Editorial  Communications  (mould  lw  addressed  to  "THE  EDITOR"—  Advertisements  and  Business  Letters  to  "THE  PUBLISHERS  "-at  the  Office,  Braun't  Buildings,  Chancery  Lari' 
Published  Weekly  by  JOHN  C.  FRANCIS  and  .7.  EDWARD  FRANCIS  ut  Bream's  Buildings.  Chancery  Lane,  EX.,  and  PrinUd  by  J.  EDWARD  FRANCIS.  Atu.-n:i<uin  Prcs«.  Bream  ■  Building*. 

Agents  for  Scotland,  Messrs.  BELL  4  BRADFOTEand  Mr.  JOHN  MENZIES,  Edinburgh.- Saturday.  Januiry  4,  IMS. 


THE  ATHENAEUM 

Jf0urtml  d  (Bttglisb  anft  Jfflmgn  1  iterator  Sbtimtt,  ti}t  jfins  ^rts,  Jltesk  atttr  tljt  Urattta, 


No.  4185. 


SATURDAY,   JANUARY    11,  1908. 


P 


PRICE 
THREEPENCE. 

REGISTERED  AS  A  NEWSPAPER. 


V 


I  C  T  0   R  I  A 


LEAGUE. 


The  EDUCATION  COMMITTEE  of  the  VICTORIA  LEAGUE 
offer  a  PRIZE  of  BOOKS  to  the  value  of  TWENTY  GUINEAS,  to  be 
competed  for  by  Undergraduates  of  the  Universities  of  the  United 
Kingdom. 

The  term  "Undergraduates"  shall,  for  the  purposes  of  this  Com- 
petition, he  understood  to  include  :— 

Students  and  Undergraduate  Students,  Men  and  Women,  in 
regular  attendance  at  College  Lectures  ;  Women  reading  for 
Degree  Examinations  at  Oxford  or  Cambridge  ; 
but  NOT  External  Students  of  the  University  of  London. 
SUBJECT    OF     ESSAY. 
'  Compare  the  British  Empire  with  other  Empires, 
Past  and  Present.' 
For  further  Information  as  to  Conditions  apply  to  THE  SECRE- 
TARY.   Education    Committee,    Victoria    League,    Dacre     House, 
Victoria  Street,  London,  S.  W. 


tomtits. 


ROYAL  INSTITUTION  OF  GREAT  BRITAIN, 
ALBEMARLE  STREET,  PICCADILLY,  W. 

TUESDAY  NEXT,  January  14,  at  3  o'clock,  ALBERT  A.  GRAY, 
M.D.  F.R.S.E.,  FIRST  of  TWO  LECTURES  on  'The  Internal  Ear 
of  Different  Animals.'    Half-a-Guinea  the  Course. 

THURSDAY,  January  16.  at  :i  o'clock,  Prof.  W.  W.  WATTS, 
F.R.S..  FIR8T  of  TWO  LECTURES  on  (II  'The  Building  of  Britain'; 
(2)  'Recent  Light  on  Ancient  Physiographies.'    Haifa-Guinea. 

SATURDAY,  January  18,  at  :!  o'clock,  Prof.  GISBERT  KAPP, 
Dr.  Eng.,  FIRST  of  TWO  LECTURES  on  'The  Electrification  of 
Railways.'    Haifa-Guinea. 

BRITISH  ARCHAEOLOGICAL  ASSOCIATION, 
32,  Sackville  Street.— WEDNESDAY,  January  15,  at  8  p.m. 
•Deneholes.'  by  Messrs.  R.  H.  FORSTER,  T.  V.  HOLMES,  and 
J.  G.  CLIFT.  J.  G.  CLIFT,  Hon.  Sec. 

ROYAL    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY. 
(Incorporated  by  Royal  Charter.) 
An   ORDINARY  MEETING   of  the  SOCIETY  will  be   held   on 
THURSDAY,  January  IK.  at  5  p.m.,  at  7,  SOUTH  SQUARE,  GRAY  S 
INN,   W.C..  when   Mr    BASIL    WILLIAMS  will  read  a  Paper  on 
'  Some  Unpublished  Notices  of  the  Family  of  Yorke  under  George  III.' 

H.  E.  MALDEN,  Hon.  Sec. 

THE  FOLK-LORE  SOCIETY.— The  ANNUAL 
MEETING  of  the  Society  will  be  held  at  22,  ALBEMARLE 
STREET,  PICCADILLY,  on  WEDNESDAY,  January  15,  at  8  P.M.. 
■when  the  President,  Dr.  GASTER,  will  deliver  his  Presidential 
Address.  F.  A.  MILNE,  Secretary. 

11,  Old  Square,  Lincoln's  Inn,  W.C. 
January  7,  1908. 


dsljibitiotts. 


ROYAL     ACADEMY     OF     ARTS. 
WINTER    EXHIBITION. 
Work  by  Old  Masters  and  Deceased  Masters  of  the  British  School, 
including  Special  Collections  of  Pictures  by   Hogarth  and  the  late 
J.  0.  Hook,  R.A. 

Open  from  'J  a.m.  to  6  p.m.  Admission  Is.   Catalogue  (id.  Season 
Ticket  5s. 

EXHIBITION     OF     FURNITURE,     METAL 
WORK,    and    MODELLED     CEILINGS     by     ERNEST     W. 
OIMSON.      DEBENHAM     &    FREEBODY'S    ART     GALLERIES, 

Wigmore  Street.  W. 

EARLY  BRITISH  SCHOOL.— SHEPHERD'S 
WINTER  EXHIBITION  of  PORTRAITS  and  LANDSCAPES 
by  EARLY  BRITISH  MASTERS  is  NOW  OPEN.-SHEPHERD  S 
GALLERY,  27,  King  Street,  St.  James's. 


O    P    A    N    I    S    H 

AKT 

Ci     A    L    L    E    R    Y, 
50,    CONDUIT    STREET,    LONDON,    W. 

ART    DEALERS    AND    IMPORTERS 
OF      ANTIQUITIES      FROM      SPAIN 

Antique  Embroideries,  Brocades, 
Velvets,  Persian  Rugs,  Armour, 
Furniture,  Gothic  Pictures, 
China,      Silver,     Enamels,      &c. 

RARE       MUSEUM       OBJECTS. 


Orbnrattonal. 

TMRMINGHAM  AND  MIDLAND  INSTITUTE. 

SCHOOL  OF  MUSIC. 

Visitor-Sir  EDWARD  ELGAR,  Mus.Doc.  LL.D. 

Principal-GRANVILLE  BANTOCK. 

Visiting  Examiner-H.  WALFORD  DAVIES,  Mus.Doc. 

SESSION  1907-1908. 

The  SESSION  consists  of  AUTUMN  TERM  (SEPTEMBER  16  to 

DECEMBER  211,  WINTER  TERM    (JANUARY  20  to  APRIL  11), 

SUMMER  TERM  (APRIL  27  to  JUNE  27). 

Instruction    in    all    Branches    of   Music.      Students'   Choir   and 
Orchestra,  Chamber  Music.  Students'  Rehearsals,  Concerts,  and  Opera. 
Prospectus  and  further  information  may  tie  obtained  from 

ALFRED  HAYES,  Secretary. 

PHURCH      EDUCATION      CORPORATION, 

\J  CHERWELL  HALL,  OXFORD. 

Training  College  for  Women  Secondary  Teachers. 

Principal— Miss   CATHERINE  I.    DODD,    M.A.    (late   Lecturer  in 

Education  in  the  Manchester  University!. 

Students   are    prepared    for  the  Oxford,    the  Cambridge,  and   the 

London  Teachers  Diploma.    Special  arrangements  made  for  Students 

to  attend  the  School  of  Geography. 

EXHIBITIONS  and  SCHOLARSHIPS  awarded  in  December  and 
July.— Apply  to  the  Principal. 

EDUCATION. 
Parents  or  Guardians  desiring  accurate  information  relative  to 
the  CHOICE  of  SCHOOLS  for  BOYS  or  GIRLS  or 
TUTORS  in  England  or  Abroad 
are  invited  to  call  upon  or  send  fully  detailed  particulars  to 
MESSRS.  GABBITAS,  THRING  &  CO., 
who  for  more  than  thirty  years  have  been  closely  in  touch  with  the 
leading  Educational  Establishments. 

Advice,  free  of  charge,  is  given  by  Mr.   THRING,  Nephew  of  the 
late  Head  Master  of  Uppingham,  36,  Sackville  Street,  London,  W. 


Situations  tOarant. 

BEDFORD        COLLEGE       FOR       WOMEN 
(UNIVERSITY    OF    LONDON), 
YORK    PLACE,    BAKER    STREET,    W. 
The  COUNCIL  are  about  to  appoint  a  LECTURER  in  BOTANY, 
who  will  be  Head  of  the  Department.    The  appointment  is  open  to 
Men  and  Women  equally,  and  will  take  effect  at  the  beginning  of  the 
Easter  Term. 

Applications,  with  twenty-five  copies  of  Testimonials,  should  be 
sent  not  later  than  JANUARY  31,  to  the  Secretary,  from  whom 
further  particulars  may  be  obtained. 

ETHEL  T.  McKNIGHT,  Secretary. 

WANTED,  for  a  large  GIRLS'  SCHOOL  in 
MELBOURNE.  AUSTRALIA,  a  MISTRESS  who  will  be 
Head  of  the  Teaching  Staff  and  also  Mistress  of  Method  in  connexion 
with  the  Training  Department  of  the  School. 

Salary  200J.  or  more. 

Residence  provided  during  Term  without  resident  duties. 

Passage  outward  provided. 

Applicants  must  be  members  of  the  Church  of  England  and  have 
had  previous  experience  in  the  Training  of  Teachers. 

Applicants  should  apply  at  once,  enclosing  Testimonials,  &c,  to 
Box  1329,  Athenasum  Press,  13,  Bream's  Buildings,  E.C. 

DATLEY     EDUCATION     COMMITTEE. 

WANTED  IMMEDIATELY,  in  the  BATLEY  GTRLS'  GRAMMAR 
.school,  a  FORM  MISTRESS  to  teach  chiefly  English  and  Mathe- 
matics. Degree  and  training  or  experience  essential.  Commencing 
Salary  1 107.  per  annum.— Form  of  Application  to  be  obtained  from  I  he 
undersigned,  which  must  be  returned  to  me  not  later  than 
JANUARY  '14,  1908. 

G.  R.  H.  DANBY,  M.A. 

Education  Offices,  Batley. 


si 


OUTH   AFRICAN   COLLEGE   SCHOOL, 

y~J  CAPE  TOWN, 


A  SCIENCE  MASTER  WANTED  for  the  above  SCHOOL,  to  teach 
Chemistry  and  Physics. 

Duties  to  begin  on  APRIL  6.  Candidates  must  possess  the  Privy 
Council  Certificate,  and  a  Science  Degree.  Salary  25c?.  per  annum, 
with  prospects  of  increase.  Applications,  stating  age.  with  six  copies 
of  Testimonials  and  Health  Certificate  to  reach  the  Registrar,  S.  A. 
College,  Cape  Town,  on  or  before  FEBRUARY  is  NEXT. 

EDITOR  WANTED— The  PUBLISHERS  of  a 
Popular  ILLUSTRATED  MAGAZINE  for  LADIES  require  the 
services  of  an  experienced  EDITOR.— Apply,  in  first  instance,  to 
A.  B.,  Box  1331,  Athemcum  Press,  13,  Breams  Buildings,  E.C. 

"REQUIRED,  as  SECRETARY  to  a  Member  of 

Jl\j  Parliament,  a  GENTLEMAN  of  birth  and  position  (age  not 
above  27i.  One  who  has  some  knowledge  of  Country  Pursuits  and 
Agricultural  Interests  preferred,  but  this  is  not  essential.— Apply, 
stating  qualifications  fully,  t"  Box  1823,  Athemeum  Press,  IS,  Bream's 
Buildings,  Chancery  Line,  B.C. 

T  ADY    SHORTHAND    TYPIST    REQUIRED 

lJ  as  SECRETARY  to  Manager  of  Publicity  Department  of 
important  Newspaper.  Must  i„-  aole  to  compose  a  really  good  Letter, 
competent  to  take  charge  of  large  Correspondence,  and  of  systematic 
habits.— Write  Bon  200B,  Willing*,  128,  Strand,  \*  0. 


Situations  Wlantcb. 

ART   KDITOR.— A   GENTLEMAN  of   i 
tional  qualifications  an  i  H         ae,   Book,  and 

newspapei   Illustration  In  OPEN  to  RE  ENGAGEMENT -A 
X.,  care  "f  Peti  I  Barper,    0,  Nen  Bi  Idge  Btn  et,  E  I  . 


Yearly  Subscription,  free  by  post,  Inland, 
15s.  3d. ;  Foreign,  18s.  Entered  at  the  New 
York  Post  Office  as  Second  Class  matter. 


OECRETARY     (LADY)     REQUIRES     POST. 

O  Skilled  Corres]iondent.  Research.  Precis  Writing,  Reports,  Com- 
mittee Work.  Book-keeping.  Several  years'  experience.  Educated 
Public  Schools  and  Abroad.— Box  1328,  Athenaeum  Press,  13,  Bream's 
Buildings.  Chancery  Lane.  E.C. 

VOUNG    LADY    desires    ENGAGEMENT    as 

i  SECRETARY  to  Musical,  Literary,  or  Private  Gentleman. 
Three  years'  experience  in  Book-Keeping  and  Correspondence.  Would 
travel.— Apply  G.  G.  Box  1330,  Athenaeum  Press,  13.  Bream's  Buildings, 
Chancery  Lane,  E.C. 

GENTLEMAN,  24  years  old,  Oxford  Graduate 
(Honours),  desires  post  as  PRIVATE  SECRETARY.  Literary 
work  preferred.— Ad  dress  T.  E.  N..  care  of  Seripps's  Advertising 
Offices,  13,  South  Molton  Street,  W. 


iHiscfllaraous. 


PRIVATE  TOURS  FOR  GENTLEWOMEN— 
SUNNY  ITALY,  FEBRUARY  26.  One  Month.  Rome,  Naples, 
Capri,  Sorrento,  Pompeii,  Florence,  Venice,  Milan,  Genoa.  References 
exchanged.— Miss  BISHOP.  27,  St.  George's  Road,  Kilburn. 

T  ADY      desires      TRANSLATION      WORK— 

-Li  French,  German,  into  English.  First-class  Honours  in  both, 
L.L.A.  Exam.  Lived  Abroad.— Miss  F.  D.  WRIGHT,  Willingdon, 
Eastbourne. 

pULTURED     RUSSIAN     GENTLEMAN      is 

\J  anxious  to  give  LESSONS  in  RUSSIAN  or  POLISH,  to  obtain 
Business  Correspondence  Work,  Book-Keening,  &c.  Highest 
references.— Address  Miss  FRANK,  3,  Elvaston  Place.  S.W. 

ACADEMICIAN,  Dr.Phil.  (Ethnology,  Compa- 
rative  Knowledge  of  New  Languages),  desires  SITUATION 
with  a  Publishing  Firm  (Periodical),  as  PRIVATE  SECRETARY  or 
any  other  suitable  Literary  Occupation.— Please. address  S.  K.,  1568, 
care  of  Rudolf  Mosse,  Stuttgart,  Germany. 

A  GENTS      WANTED      for      LONDON      and 

XI  THROUGHOUT  the  COUNTRY  who  have  had  CANVASSING 
experience  in  FIRST-CLASS  BOOKS.  The  most  substantial  offering 
in  the  Book  Line  for  high-class  competent  Men.— Apply  by  letter  for 
particulars  or  interview  to  SYNDICATE,  care  of  George  Radford, 
5,  Henrietta  Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C. 

QUEEN  MARIE  ANTOINETTE.  —  BARON 
CARL  DE  VINEK.  12,  Rue  de  Presbourg,  Paris,  is  writing  a 
Book  on  the  PORTRAITS  of  QUEEN  MARIE  ANTOINETTE,  and 
would  feel  most  obliged  for  anv  communications  given  to  him  on 
authentic  Portraits  in  Private  Collections— Portraits  Painted,  Drawn, 
in  Tapestry,  Modelled  in  Wax,  China,  Marble,  &c,  but  no  Prints  or 
Engravings. 

WANTED,       LONDON       PHILOSOPHICAL 
MAGAZINE,  NOVEMBER,  1906.— Write,  stating  price,  MAY 
&  WILLIAMS,  160,  Piccadilly,  London. 

TO  SCENE  PAINTERS,  SCULPTORS,  and 
Others. — A  handsome  BUILDING,  which  has  for  many  years  been 
occupied  by  a  Scene  Painter.  TO  BE  SOLD  or  LET.  It  comprises 
spacious  Hall,  100ft.  in  length,  soft,  in  width,  and  soft,  high,  with 
small  Living  Accommodation  adjoining;  oocupless  pleasant  position 
facing  Blackheath  and  near  Two  Stations.— Messrs.  DYER.  SON  .t 
HILTON,  Auctioneers,  SO,  Budge  Row,  E.C.  :  and  Blaekheath  (13826). 

rpRAINING  FOR  PRIVATE  SECRETARIAL 
■*-  WORK   AND  INDEXING. 

Secretarial  Bureau:   32a,  CONDUIT  ST.,  BOND  ST.,  LONDON,  W. 
Founded  lsos.  Telephone:  SS4S6  QsRRARD, 

.MISS   PETHERBRIDGE  (Nat.  Sci.  Tripos). 

Employed  m  the  India  Office  is— Indexer  of  the  Bast  India 
Company's  Records:  Dutch  and  Portuguese  Translator. 

The  Diapers  Company's  Records  Catalogued  and  Arranged. 

indexeu  of— The  Records  ,,f  the  County  Borough  of  Cardiff;  The 
Warrington  Town  Records :  The  Blue  Hooks  of  the  Royal  Commissions 
on:  London  Traffic  The  Supply  of  Food  in  Time  of  War,  Motor  Cars. 
Canals  and  Waterways ;  The  Minutes  of  the  Education  Committee  of 
ihe  Somerset  County  Council, 

MISS    PETHERBRIDGE  trains   from    Three   to    Six  Pupill 

year  for  Private  Secretarial,  and  Special  Indexing  Work  The 
training  is  one  of  Apprenticeship,  Pupils  starting  as  Junior  Members 
of  the  Staff  and  working  up  through  all  the  Branches.  It  is  practical, 
on  actual  work,  each  Pupil  being  Individually  coai  lied.  The  training 
consists  of   indexing    which   includes   Research   Work   and  Precis 

Writing-  Shorthand.  Typewriting,  and  Business  Training. 

THE  TECHNIQUE  OF  INDEXING.  By  Mart  PrTBXRBRIDOl, 
.'is.  ::./   post  free. 


M. 


Catalogws. 

B    A    R    N    A    R 


D,       M.  A. 


(Foi  i"'  i  I  Theological  Scholar  of 

(  lirlst'i  College,  Cambridge). 

10,  DUDLEY  HOAI)  (opposite  the  Opera  Botue), 
TUNBREDQE  WELLS. 

CATALOGUE   in,  JUST    ISSUED,   oontains:— 

MISCELLANEOUS    BOOKS     including    OCCULT    AM'    ol.it 
SCIENTIFIC, 

CATALOGUE   l*,   oan  still  be  had.— Books  on 

KENT.  HISTORICAL  TRACTS.   AMERICANA. 


30 


T  II  K     AT  II  K  N  .K  I'  M 


No.  U85,  Jam.  1 1.  1908 


ANCIENT  and  MODERN   COINS.-  Colli 
tod  AnUqamriaoi  <wr  in<itr.i  t<>  uppw    i-   kpink  »  mm, 
•    -      m  MIBMATIC  (  IIMU 
l.AK      The  flnr.l  li  n   mul  Kngllili  Culni  on  Ww  uil  fot 

B.Uu-  -       -I'INK  A  >"V    I  .»iim..    Kij-tI..    Vaii.cn 

■  u.l  »  «Uli>f  ui  r«.    It.    17,   »uj   18.  Plcculillj.  Loudon.  W.     KlUbli.llixl 
uu»»:     .  I  .rj 

wooooun.  KAiu.Y  Boost  mss..  4c 

Ll'.I(,IITn\>  [LLU8TRATBD  CATALOGUE, 
c.iiiiiiiinm  1MB  f"11*11"11" 
Thlik  BTO,  urt  cloth.  S3n. ;  Imlfniorocco.  SOn. 

P»rt  XIII      <'il    Chat,   »itli   IM   hadmflM  i n--I n.li iit;  IkTiien'H 

1010,   Osplo,   1477,    ami  a 

|.\..»-  i-.n.ly.      I'rUflt. 


in. 


FroUuii.    I'niiltilv    Bindlnm    OkpfTBI 

lan«oulltM'(  Inn  nt  Kail\  (In. .in.  If 


J.  k  3.  I.KIOI1TON. 
40.  Brewer  Street,  Gulden  Squnre.  London.  W. 


CATALOGUE  Na   48.— Drawinga  of  the  Early 
Enflilh  Bchool— Turner' t  l.llx-r  Slu.li.nuni  and  "tlifi  Bra  ITlngl 
nft.r  ffurner— Ktoblngi  to  Turner,  8.   Palmer,   Whlatlei    Japanese 

I't.l.iur  l'rintB- Kin.-  Ait    I'.tx'k-   -Workl  to   Itu-kin.       Pott  fret.-,  Six 
■  —  WM.  WARD,  >,  (liuri'li  Tamo*,  Richmond,  Surrey. 


M 


A    G   G   S        B   R   O    S.. 

109.  Strand,  London.  W.C. 

DEALERS  IN  RAKE  AND  VALUABLE  BOOKS. 

PRINTS.  AND  AUTOGRAPHS. 

CATALmil'ES  H  nt  ]vst  free  to  all  parts  of  the  World. 

Exiiort  Orders  solicit.  .1. 

Telegruiihic  and  Cable  Ad.lres.8 :   "  Hililiolite.  London."— Telephone  : 

"Oerrard  MM." 


BERTRAM         DOBELL, 
SECOND  HAND  BOOKSELLER  and  PUBLISHER. 
77,  Charing  Cross  Road,  London.  W.C. 
A  large  Stock    of    old  and    Rare    Books  in    English  Literature, 
including  Poetry  and  the  Drama— Shakespeariana— First  Editions  of 
Famous  Authors— Manuscripts-Illustrated  Books.  4c.  CATALOGUES 
free  on  application. 

BOOKS.    BOOKS.— CATALOGUE  of  RECENT 
SECOND-HAND  PURCHASES  i>o6t  free.    Please  state  wants. 
—GALLOWAY  4  PORTER.  University  Booksellers.  Cambridge. 

JUST  PUBLISHED. 

CATALOGUE  of  ENGRAVED  BRITISH 
PORTRAITS— Fancy  Subjects,  by  and  after  the  Best  Masters. 
Post  free  on  application.— GUSTAV  LAUSER,  Printseller,  25,  Gurrk  k 
Street,  London,  W.C. 

BOOKS.— ALL  OUT-OF-PRINT  and  RARE 
BOOKS  on  any  subject  SUPPLIED.  The  most  expert  Book- 
finder  extant.  Please  state  wants  and  ask  for  CATALOGUE.  I  make 
a  special  feature  of  exchanging  any  Saleable  Books  for  others  selected 
from  my  various  Lists.  Special  List  of  2.000  Books  I  particularly  want 
post  free.— EDW.  BAKER'S  Great  Bookshop,  14-10  John  Bright  Street. 
Birmingham.  Oscar  Wilde's  Poems,  2.U..  for  10s.  Gil.  ;  Ballad  of 
Reading  Gaol.  5s.     Who  s  Who.  2  vols.  1907,  lis.  net.  for  5s. 


IBitsituss  for  Disposal. 

SMALL  PUBLISHING  BUSINESS  in  FINE 
BOOKS  FOR  SALE  at  low  price.  Excellent  reasons  for  dis- 
posal—Write. FORMAT  care  of  Keynell's  Advertisement  Offices, 
44,  Chancery  Lane,  W.C. 


JVuiljors'  Agents. 


mi 


^HE  AUTHOR'S  AGENCY.— Established  1879. 

-L  The  interests  of  Authors  capably  represented.  Agreements  for 
Publishing  arranged,  MSS.  placed  with  Publisher!.— Terms  and  Testi 
inonials  on  application  to  Mr.  A.  M.  BUKGHES,  34.  Paternoster  Row 


$al*2  by  Ruction. 


MESSRS.  PUTTICK  &  SIMPSON  will  SELL 
to  AUCTION  at  their  Galleries,  47,  Leicester  Square,  W,C„  on 
WEDNESDAY.  January  IS,  and  Following  Dav.  at  io  minutes  past 
1  o'clock  precise];,  valuable  BOOKB.  comprising  the  LIBRARY  of  the 
late  CHARLES  DOUGLAS  IIALFORD.  Esq..  removed  from  Prince's 
Gate;  a  LLBRAEY  removed  from  Ireland,  and  other  Properties  dis- 
order of  the  Executors),  including  well-bound  Sets  of  Standard 
Authors,  rare  First  Editions.  Books  with  Coloured  Plates.  Siwrting 
Books,  Galleries  and  Works  relating  to  the  Fine  Arts.  Extra-Illus- 
trated Books.  County  Histories  and  Topographical  Works,  amongst 
m  bleb,  will  be  found  Sir  Walter  Scott's  Waverley.  First  Edition,  in  the 
Original  Boards;  Lamb's  Rosamund  Gray,  First  Edition;  Mrs. 
Leicester'!  School;  Tales  from  Shakespeare ;  Elia.  and  others  by 
Charles  Lamb,  all  First  Editions— Egan's  Life  In  London— West- 
macotts'  English  Spy.  tine  uncut  copies  of  the  First  Editions— Florio's 
Montaigne,  First  Edition,  1608— The  SECOND  FOLIO  SHAKE- 
SPEARE. Young's  Night  Thoughts,  with  Plates  by  Blake,  Coloured— 
a  fine  Copy  of  the  Laurence  Gallery,  some  Plates  being  in  proof  state 
—  Views  of  Vienna,  with  very  fine  Coloured  Plates,  17H0— Autograph 
Letters— Engravings— and  many  other  rare  and  interesting  items. 


M 


British  and  Foreign  Lepidoptera,  <lc 
TUKSDAY.  January  /',,  at  half-pant  1!  o'clock. 
R.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  OFFER  at  his  Rooms, 


King  street.  Oovent  Garden,  London.  W.C,  the  OOLLEC 
TION  nt  ISKIT1SH  LEPIDOPTERA,  formed  to  Mr.  H.  A.  AULD- 
COLLECTIONS o!  BRITISH  and  EXOTIC  LEPIDOPTERA.  formed 
to  the  late  Mr.  A.  H.  SHEPHERD— valuable  Mahogany  Cabinet!  for 
Entomological  Specimens— Lepidoptera  In  Papers— Ooleoptera  in 
Sawdust— and  other  Natural  History  Objects. 

On  view  day  prior,  10  to  8,  and  morning  of  Sale.     Catalogues  on 
application. 

Sales  of  Miscellaneous  Property. 

MR.  J.    C.    STEVENS   begs  to  announce  that 
BALES  are  held  EVERT  FRIDAY,  at  his  Rooms,  as.   King 
Street,  Oovent  Garden,   London,  W.O.,  for  the  disposal  of  MICRO- 
SCOPES.   BLIDE8.    and    OBJECTIVES  — Telescope!— Theodolites 
Levels— Electrical  and  Scientific  Instruments— Cameras,  Lenses,  and 

all  kinds  of  Photographic   Apparatus— Optical  Lanterns,  with  Slide! 

and  all  Accessorial   in   ureal  variety   by   Bert    Makers— Household 

Furniture— Jeweller. v— ami  other  Miscellaneous  Property. 

On  view  Thursday  2  to  5  and  morning  of  Sale. 


Valuable  M  and  Scientific  //....ii,  inchidh 

1.,1,,,,,-u  ../  the  ton  Cpt.  j.  si.  JOB  A  FRMDBA 
(*old  by  ordt  i  i,f  !/,■  Bxeeuton). 

MESSRS     BODG80N   ft    00.    will   BELL   by 
Al  OTION,    at    their   Rooms,    III    I 
WEDNESDAY  Januan  .-.',  and  Two  Pollowlni  (>;.).      I 
VALUABLE    MISCELLANEOUS    liooKH.    in. lulling   the    ABOVE 
LIBRARY  and  utl  mmialng  Chamberlalne'i  1 

tions  ol  lit  .11m  in.  Original    Edition,  old  in. him..,    Pyne'i   Royal 
donees.   I>.rn.    Panel         vols.  —  Hutolilni'i   H  la  tor?  ..i    !•  I. 

Edition.  4  Mils  —Gould  »  Monograph  ol  the  Humming  Birds,  6  vote.— 
Merer"!   Illustration',  of    IlrltM.    Birds,    original    Edition     4   roll 
Curtis'!  Botanical    Magazine,  78  mis.  1787  1840    Edwards  I  Botanical 
Register,  .i.i  vols- Annall  of  Natural   History,  the   Kin    Sei 
plate.  s.i  vols.— MIcToecoploaj  Bo  u  tions,  *■■   i-u  I9M,  and 

Natural   History  Book!— British   Museum  Catalogues.  SO  >ol»  — 

i  tin..  Set  of  Dibdln'i  BlbUotheca  Spenosrtana,  7  vols..  Uirge  Pa|n-r— 

Siuilh's  Catalogue   Raisoiuie.  i  mis—  Propert'l   Miniature  Art-    I 
from  the  Kelmsoott  Prea  -'11  n-  Nuremberg  Chronli  la,  lin  -The  Tudor 
TraniUtionr,  Japanese  Vellum  Edition,  21  rob.    fmliaai  t'l  Cliiiinli  Im. 

With  Noel  Humphrey!'  Illuuilnations,  handsomely  Is'Ulnl  in  i  vols. 
—  Best  Edition  of  l.vtton.  47  vols,  cloth— Library  Sets  of  Dickens, 
Thackeray,  and  Marryat—  (Euvrea  de  Vlotor  Hugo.  Large  Paper, 
18 roll  half  m. .io....  —  Books  on  Cricket  and  other  Sports— Original 
ns's  by  Kate  Greanawar,  Aubrey  naaidilai.  ainf  niliaie  ■  fine 
■  ion  ot  Chinees  Coloured  Drawing*,  in  \i  vols,  folio,  old  morocco 

—Arundel  Society's  Chrome  Lithographs.  Ac. 

Catalogues  on  application. 


MESSRS.  CHRISTIE,  M ANSON,  &   WOODS 
respectfully  give  notice  that  thev  will   hold  the    Following 
8ALESby  AUCTION,  at  their  Great  It. suns.  King  Street.  St.  .1 
o'clock  precisely. 


respect  fully   giv 

I  to  AUCTION,  i 

Square,  the  Sales  commencing  at 


On      FRIDAY,     January     17,     PORCELAIN, 

OBJECTS    OF    ART.    and     DECORATIVE     FURNITURE     from 
various  Sources. 

On  SATURDAY,  January  18,  ANCIENT  and 

MODERN      PICTURES     and      DRAWINGS     of      Mr.     THOMAS 
Mi  LEAN. 


Hoolu  a  iid  Manuka  , 

MES8RS    801  BEBY,  WILKINSON  A  HODGE 
will  SELL  by  A 

•\\      January    It.    \u . 
Following  l>,ti«,  at  1  oVl 
lii'lu 

Io    AI'.IHt'K  Bill 
■     WI.MillAM     lit  i. Ill 
Property  ol    Miai   HAMMOND    I  HAM1.H 

McC'AKTHl  imeramith    Rmd.   and   other*.   cnatwWiig 

l-rinustl  Ilooki- French  lllu.trtite.1  Work.- Toik*i 
-I  -.rliuv     Books— TracU     and 
Library.    i\    oils,     I 

—  Col  ,.s  —  Muilr —  Classical      Works - 

Planrthoium  I  -■■     Dniwing.     I 

«  tola     l*r.j-rir»l    Editions   of    the   Writing,  of  Tlia/kr 

-    Am. worth.   Wilde.  Leigh  Hunt.   L- 
Swift,  Swinburne,  Ac. -Law  Itei-.rls,  Vti  vols  ItfTl-l  • 

May  b*  rlewed  two  day«  prior.     Catalogue!  may  l<e  haiL 

i.  PARK  PLAi  B,  LEEDS. 
Re     F.      DYKB8,      deceased. 

AfE88R8.    H0LU8   &   WEBB,   instructed  l,v 

J-TX      the    Executors,  will   SELL   l.v    AUCTION,    at    ther     ' 

n  JAM.'AKV  B.  B,  and  -a.  the  remarkably  fine  LIBKAItV 
ot    HooKs.    in.  In. ling  Volume*  of   ti 

Chaucer.  First  English  Translation,  ot  l.wiayi. 

and  Cervantes'  Don  Ouixote— Best  Editlnni  of  the  Dramatists— 
Tudor  Translations —  Villon  Society  —  Fine-Art  Books  —  Limited 
Editions  of  illustrated  French  Works 

Catalogues  (price  8d.  each)  can  be  had  from  the  AUCTION.1 
3,  Park  Place,  Leeds. 

On  view  Two  Dayi  prior  to  the  Sale. 
Sale  at  11  o'clock  each  day. 


For  Type-writers  and  Magazines,  &c, 
see  pp.  54,  55. 


ON    SALE    AT 


EDWARD    HOWELL'S    BOOK    STORE 

83,    CHURCH    STREET,    LIVERPOOL. 


NAPOLEON  I.,  by  HORNE,  2  vols.  8vo,  inlaid  to  folio  size,  and  extended  to  6  thick  vols,  folio, 
with  1,400  Portraits,  Coloured  Views,  and  rare  Autographs  and  two  cases  of  rare  Coins,  bound 
uniform,  whole  bound  in  polished  morocco,  an  unique  set  £350. 

MILTON'S  PARADISE  LOST,  1668,  folio,  bound  in  pigskin  £12  12s. 

CHAUCER.— The  rare  Kelmscott  Press  Edition,  1896,  a  superb  and  unique  copy  £140. 

MILTON'S  PARADISE  LOST,  the  rare  First  Edition,  full  morocco,  an  immaculate  copy      £85. 

CHAUCER,  1598,  rare  Black  Letter  copy,  full  morocco,  a  remarkably  fine  copy  £25. 

SPENSER'S  FAERIE  QUEEN,  1611,  folio,  superbly  bound  in  morocco  £50. 

NUREMBERG  CHRONICLE,  1493,  with  2,250  Woodcuts,  thick  folio,  an  immaculate  tall  copy 

£50. 
£20. 
£250. 
£22. 


NUREMBERG  CHRONICLE,  1493— another  copy,  not  quite  so  tall 

SHAKESPEARE,  16S5,  the  rare  Fourth  Folio,  fine  tall  copy,  full  morocco 

WHITE'S  SELBORNE,  the  rare  First  Edition 

EMMA,    LADY    HAMILTON,   by   H.    GAMLIN,   4to,   extra-illustrated   with  54   Portraits  and 
Views,  new  crimson  morocco,  gilt  edges,  unique  copy  £10. 

DANIEL'S  RURAL  SPORTS,  4  vols,  folio,  large  paper,  full  morocco  £10  10s. 

BRYAN'S  DICTIONARY  OF  PAINTERS  AND  ENGRAVERS,  2  vols,  imperial  Svo,  extra 
illustrated  with  120  fine  old  Portraits,  new  half-polished  calf,  unique  copy,  1S86  £5  15s. 

PARKINSON'S  HERBAI Theatricum  Botanicum,  1640,  folio,  over  1,000  Woodcuts,  fine  sound 

copy,  in  old  calf  £5  10s. 

FULL    PARTICULARS    ON    APPLICATION. 


CATALOGUES    ON    APPLICATION. 


JUST  READY,  price  42s.  net  (postage  $d. ) 

CELTIC      ILLUMINATIVE     ART 

IN  THE  GOSPEL  BOOKS  OF  DURROW,  LINDISFARNE,  AND  KELLS 
With  Historical  Introduction,  and  Descriptive  Letterpress  facing  each  Plate. 

BY 

Rev.    STANFORD   F.   H.    ROBINSON,  M.A. 

An  entirely  new  work  on  Celtic  Art,  consisting  of  a  series  of  Collotype  Reproductions  includ- 
ing several  enlargements  from  specially  ornate  pages,  which  help  to  convey  a  more  adequate 
apprehension  ot  the  marvellous  wealth  of  detail  and  beaut;  of  the  ornament  in  these  Celtic  Illuminated 
MSS.  The  book  contains  a  beautiful  series  of  Celtic  Capital  Letters  and  Monograms  (seven  full 
plates)  in  Colours. 

Dublin  :  HODGES,  FIGGIS  &  CO.,  Limited,  Publishers  to  the  University,  104,  Grafton  Street. 


No:  4185,  Jan.  11,  1908 THE     ATHENiEUM 31_ 

A    LITERARY    FOUR-IN-HAND. 

^1  Mr.  John  Lane  begs  to  inform  his  patrons  that  he  will  open  the  Publishing  Season  by  starting 
from  the  Bodley  Head  four  new  Authors,  viz. : — 

1.  A  NEW   HUMOURIST  F.   J.   Randall  LOVE  AND  THE  IRONMONGERS 

2.  A  NEW   CLASSIC  W.    Compton  Leith  APOLOGIA    DIFFIDENTIS 

3.  A  NEW   CRITIC  R.   A.   Scott-James  MODERNISM   AND   ROMANCE 

4.  A  NEW  POET                            Lascelles  Abercrombie  INTERLUDES   AND   POEMS 
Mr.  Lane  believes  that  these  books  will  run  through  the  Season.  The  following  are  the  fixtures  : — 

JANUARY    15. 

APOLOGIA  DIFFIDENTIS.      By  W.  Compton  Leith.      Demy  8vo,  7s.  6d.  net. 

V  The  publisher  is  conscious  that  it  is  unusual  to  hail  a  new  writer  as  "  a  classic,"  but  Sir  Thomas  Browne,  Pater, 
R.  L.  S.,  and  Kenneth  Grahame  were  once  new  writers,  and  he  claims  for  Mr.  Compton  Leith  that  he  has  written  a 
book  worthy  to  be  placed  along  with  the  writings  of  such  authors.  By  some  APOLOGIA  DIFFIDENTIS  may  be 
voted  precious— it  is  certainly  intimate — but  those  who  have  the  delicate  perception  to  appreciate  a  new  style  will  read 
and  re-read  the  book.  It  stands  apart  from  the  highway  of  modern  introspective  literature ;  it  is  too  true  to  be 
precious,  too  classical  to  be  treated  as  ephemeral.  By  its  overwhelming  sincerity  it  will  command  respect,  and  not  a  few 
will  sympathize  with  a  soul  battling  against  the  heartlessness  of  circumstance. 

JANUARY    22. 

LOVE  AND   THE   IRONMONGERS.     By  F.  J.  Randall.     Crown  8vo,  6s. 

^[  The  robustious  essence  of  Twentieth -Century  Humour.  The  story  of  how  a  moribund  jester  landed  a  number  of 
very  respectable  people  in  topsy-turveydom,  and  how  they  were  extricated  therefrom  by  a  further  twist  of  the  deceased 
man's  testament,  will  appeal  to  all  who  possesses  what  has  been  called  the  fourth  of  the  great  Cardinal  Virtues — Humour. 

JANUARY    22. 

MODERNISM  AND  ROMANCE.     By  R.  A.  Scott-James.     Demy  8vo,  7*.  6d.  net. 

^f  The  literature  of  every  period  is  at  one  and  the  same  time  a  mirror  and  a  guide.  Mr.  Scott-James's  study  of 
MODERNISM  AND  ROMANCE  aims  at  indicating  the  scope  of  these  functions  in  the  literature  of  our  own  day. 
He  takes  a  few  conspicuous  tendencies  of  the  age— the  scientific  spirit,  self-consciousness,  democracy,  realism,  pessimism, 
and  the  new  romantic  movement— and  shows  how  almost  every  new  book  may  be  regarded  as  a  symptom  of  health 
or  disease  in  the  social  organism.  The  book  is  not  a  series  of  essays,  but  a  continuous  treatment  of  the  dominant 
characteristics  of  contemporary  life  as  revealed  in  contemporary  literature. 

JANUARY   29. 

INTERLUDES   AND    POEMS.     By  Lascelles  Abercrombie.     Crown  8vo,  5s.  net. 

^f  Some  weeks  ago  the  well-known  editor  of  a  distinguished  weekly  declared  he  had  discovered  a  new  poet — a  real 
genius.  On  his  being  asked  if  the  poet's  name  was  Abercrombie,  his  astonished  reply  was  "  Yes."  "  I  thought  so," 
was  the  retort,  "  I  have  just  accepted  a  volume  from  him  entitled  INTERLUDES  AND  POEMS,  and  one  of  the 
most  distinguished  living  writers  wrote  me  a  spontaneous  letter  drawing  attention  to  Mr.  Abercrombie,  as  'not  only 
a  poet,  but  a  poet  of  very  great  and  original  powers.  .  .  .1  mean,  this  is  really  that  vara  avis,  a  man  of  genius.'"  Poetry, 
if  it  is  to  possess  vitality,  must  deal  with  vital  questions.  Consequently  the  subject-matter  of  the  poetry  of  different 
generations  appears  to  vary.  In  reality  it  is  not  variation,  but  development,  and  with  development  of  subject  comes 
development  of  form.  Mr.  Abercrombie  perhaps  has  more  marked  development  of  form  than  any  of  his  predecessors 
since  Whitman.  It  is  because  he  is  treating  of  ideas  forced  upon  him  by  his  generation.  But  behind  the  new 
standpoint,  the  new  teaching,  there  is  recognizable  the  old  music  flowing  in  new  channels. 

N.B. — The  publisher  feels  impelled  to  explain,  or  at  least  to  apologize  for  the  unconventional  form 
in  which  he  announces  his  four  new  authors,  but  in  order  to  display  their  respective  points  the 
typographical  substitute  for  limelight  seems  the  one  resource  to  any  one  desirous  of  directing  critical 
attention  to  his  Pegasus  team.  The  publisher's  modesty  is  perhaps  the  result  of  a  recent  reading 
of  'Apologia  Diffidentis ' ;  or  possibly  of  an  inward  conviction  that  nowadays  "Good  wine  needs  no 
bush  "  has  lost  its  application  in  the  Twentieth  Century. 

JOHN    LANE,    THE    BODLEY    HEAD,    LONDON    AND    NEW     YORK. 


••'.•., 


T  II  E    A  T  ii  1:  x  .!•:  r  M 


No.  H85.  Jan.  1 1.  1908 


MACMILLAN  &  CO.'S 

NEW    BOOKS. 


HURST  &  BLACKETTS  LIST. 


FROM 


A     CATALOGUE     RAISONNE 

OP    THE    WORKS    OF 

THE  MOST  EMINENT  DUTCH 
PAINTERS  OF  THE  SEVEN- 
TEENTH CENTURY. 

Baaed  on  thfl  Work  of  John  smith.  By  C. 
HOFSTEDE  DE  GROOT.     Translated  and  Edited  by 

EDWARD    (i.     H.WVKK.      In    10   vols.   6vo.      Vol.    I. 
I6a  net. 
Vol.  I.  JAN    STERN.    GABRIEL    METsu,   GERARD 
nor,    I'll. iik    DE    hooch,    CABEL    fabritius, 

JOHANNES  VKK.MKKH. 

VOL.  I.  NOW  READY. 

THE  EVERSLEY  TENNYSON. 

Annotated  l>v  ALFRED,  LORD  TENNYSON.  Edited 
bv  DALLAM.  LORD  TENNYSON.  Vol.1.  POEMS. 
With  Portrait.    Globe  8vo,  4*.  net. 

BY    LORD    ACTON. 

THE  HISTORY  OF  FREEDOM, 

AND  OTHER  ESSAYS.  Edited,  with  an  Introduction, 
by  J.  N.  FIGGIS,  M.A.,  and  K.  V.  LAURENCE,  M.A. 
Svo,  10*.  net. 

HISTORICAL    ESSAYS 
AND    STUDIES. 

Edited,  with  an  Introduction,  by  the  Same.   8vo,  10s.  net. 


NEW  IMPRESSION  NOW  READY. 

TOWN    LIFE    IN    THE 
FIFTEENTH  CENTURY. 

By  Mrs.  J.  R.  GREEN.  New  Impression.  2  vols.  8vo, 
20s.  net. 

ENGLISH    MEN    OF    LETTERS. 

NEW    VOLUME. 

JAMES   THOMSON. 

By  G.  C.  MACAULAY.    Crown  8vo,  2s.  net. 
OWEN    WISTER'S    NEW    BOOK. 

THE    SEVEN    AGES 
OF    WASHINGTON. 

A  Biography.  By  OWEN  WISTER,  Author  of  'Lady 
Baltimore,'  &c.     Illustrated.     Crown  8vo,  8s.  Gd.  net. 

NEW  EDITION,  COMPLETELY   REVISED,  OF 
VOLUME  II. 

A    TREATISE    ON    CHEMISTRY. 

By  H.  E.  ROSCOE,  F.R.S.,  and  C.  SCHORLEMMER, 
F.R.S.  Vol.  II.  THE  METALS.  New  Edition,  com- 
pletely Revised  bv  Sir  H.  E.  ROSCOE  and  Dr.  A. 
HARDEN.    8vo,  30s.  net. 

This,  and  tho  preceding  Volume  on  the  NON- 
METALLIC  ELEMENTS  (21s.  net),  constitute 
the  most  complete  and  up-to-date  Treatise  on 
Inorganic  Chemistry  now  available  in  the  English 
language. 

THE   HISTORY   OF 

THE  CHRISTIAN  CHURCH 

SINCE  THE  REFORMATION. 

Ky  s.  CHEETHAM,  D.D.,  Archdeacon  and  Canon  of 
Rochester.    Crown  8vo,  10s.  6d. 

NEW  AND  CHEAPER  EDITION. 

ECCE  HOMO. 

A  Survey  of  the  Life  and  Work  of  Jesus  Christ. 
By  the  late  Sir  J.  R.  SEELEY,  K.C.M.G.,  Litt.D. 
(ilobe  8vo,  Is.  net. 

MACMILLAN'S    GUIDE    TO 
EGYPT   AND    THE    SUDAN. 

Including  a  Description  of  the  Route  through  Uganda 
to  Mombasa.  With  3.r>  Maps  and  Plans.  Fifth  Edition. 
■  <x.  net. 


THE    NEGRO    RACES. 

A  Sociological  Study.     Vol.  I.     By  JEROME  DOWD. 
Svo,  10s.  Cd.  net. 

V  MACMILLAN'S    NEW     LIST    OF 
ANNOUNCEMENTS  POST  FREE. 


ACROSS     WIDEST     AFRICA. 

By    HENRY  BAVAGE  LANDOB. 

Being  an  Account  of  the  Author's  recent  Journey  from 

the  Red  Baa  to  Tlmbnckto. 
Illustrated  with  about  160  Reproductions  of  Photograph*. 
In  2  vols,  royal  8vo,  cloth,  gilt  top,  21.  2s.  net 
"The  book  is   ;i   masterpiece  of  observation  and  expert 
annotation.      It   should  >"•  in   the  hands   of  every  one   in- 
terested in  the  African  Continent."— African  World. 

EDNA    LYALL'S    NOVELS. 

DONOVAN :  a  Modern  Englishman. 
WE  TWO. 
KNIGHT  ERRANT. 
IN  THE  GOLDEN  DAYS. 
WON  BY  WAITING. 
A  HARDY  NORSEMAN. 
TO  RIGHT  THE  WRONG. 
IN  SPITE  OF  ALL. 
In  an  artistic  binding,  each  1  vol.,  crown  8vo,  3s.  Cd. 

W.  W.  JACOBS'  LATEST  VOLUME. 

SHORT     CRUISES.       Illustrated     by    Will 
OWEN.     Price  3s.  6d. 

DR.    GEO.    MACDONALD'S 
NOVELS. 

DAVID  ELGINBROD. 

ROBERT  FALCONER. 

SIR  GIBBIE. 

ALEC   FORBES   OF  HOWGLEN. 

SALTED   WITH  FIRE. 

Each  in  1  vol.,  crown  8vo,  3s.  M. 

SOME   RECENT   6/-  NOVELS. 

THIRD    IMPRESSION    NOW    READY. 

MRS.  B.  M.  CHOKER'S 

NEW      INDIAN      NOVEL. 

THE  COMPANY'S  SERVANT. 

"  This  is  an  admirable  story  of  life  in  India  as  it  is  lived 
by  English  people  who  are  not  civil  servants,  or  soldiers,  or 
planters,  or  merchants,  and  by  the  Eurasian  population 
who  have  more  or  less  to  do  with  them." — Spectator. 

RICHARD  WHITEING'S  LATEST  WORK. 

ALL  MOONSHINE. 

"  Mr.  Whiteing  invests  his  theme  with  his  familiar  distinc- 
tion of  style,  and  enriches  it  with  the  treasures  of  a  poetic 
imagination. " — Spectator. 


MACMILLAN  &  CO.,  Ltd.,  London. 


SECOND  IMPRESSION  NOW  READY. 
DOLF     WYLLARDE'S     NEW     NOVEL. 

MAFOOTA. 

With  8  Illustrations. 
"  Miss  Wyllarde  handles  the  setting  of  her  story  with 
admirable  breadth  and    effect.. .  .she  can    be   trusted  to 
produce  her  pictures  in  vivid  well-chosen  words." 

Pall  Mall  Gazette. 

JUSTIN  HTJNTLY  McCARTHY.-SERAPHICA. 

MISS  BRADDON.-HER  CONVICT. 

"RITA."— A  MAN  OF  NO  IMPORTANCE. 

GERTRUDE  PAGE.— LOVE  IN  THE  WILDERNESS. 

HELEN    PROTHERO    LEWTS.-THE  RUDDER 
AND  THE  ROCK. 

E.    R.    PUNSHON.— THE    MYSTERY    OF     LADY 
ISOBEL. 

MADAME    ALBANESI    (Third    Impression).-THE 
STRONGEST  OF  ALL  THINGS. 

NEARLY   READY. 

NEW  NOVEL  BY  R.  NEILSON  STEVENS. 

CLEMENTINA'S        HIGHWAYMAN. 

NEW  NOVEL  BY  L.  LOCKHART  LANG. 
THE     IMBECILES. 


J.  M.DENT  &  CO.'S  LIST 


NEW  NOVEL  BY  EDWARD  H.  HIRST. 
THE    MYSTERY    ISLAND. 


NEW  POWERFUL  STORY  BY  COULSON  KERNAHAN. 
THE      RED      PERIL. 


THE  OLD  VENETIAN  PALACES 
AND     OLD     VENETIAN     FOLK. 

Bj  THOMAS  OKKY,  Author  of 

(now  in   it  s  Third   Edition;.     With  in 

Colour  and  many  In  Line   bj    TRKVOB    HADDON, 

It.  15. A. .and  many  Reproduction!  from  Ku-kin '■  Wr  ■ . 

Cloth,  ito.  One  Guinea  net.  \l'r<  ,  I  free. 

"  A  remarkably  tine  book Many  of  the  illuxtmUoBa 

a«e little  masterpieces." — From  the  ruM  Review. 

SIR  GEORGE   GREY, 

Pioneer  of  Empire  in  Southern  Lands, 

is  a  valuable  atady  of  ■  great  Colonial  Governor  and 
teaman  by  rSmnaanr  G.  (.'.  HENDERSON,  M.A.,  of 
Adelaide  University.     With  numerous  Portraits,  Illus- 
trations, and  Maps,"  cloth,  12a  Cd.  nt-t. 

( Prospectus  pott  free. 
"A  remarkable  book  about  a  remarkable  man." 

Daily  Xevct. 

ST.  CATHERINE   OF   SIENA. 

A  Study  in  Italian  Religion,  Literature,  and 
History  of  the  XIV.  Century. 

By  EDMUND  G.  GARDNER.  M.A.,  Author  of' Dal 
and  Poets  in  Ferrara,'  'The  King  of  Court  Poets,'  '  The 
Story  of  Florence,'  &c.     With  an  Appendix  containing 
some  hitherto  unpublished   Letters  of  St.   Catherine. 
Illustrated  in  Photogravure.   Square  demy  8vo,  16».  net. 
[Prospectus  post  free.     Just  ready. 
A  study  in  the  work  and  personality  of  one  of  the  most 
wonderful  women  in  the  history  of  the  world.     Much  of  the 
book  is  based  upon  hitherto  unpublished  documents  in  the 
Secret  Archives  of  the  Vatican,  and  in  the  libraries  of  Rome 
and  Florence. 

JAMES    FRANCIS    EDWARD, 

The  Old  Chevalier. 

By  MARTIN  HAILE,  Author  of  '  Mary  of  Modena, 
Queen  of  James  IL,'  to  which  this  volume  forms  ■ 
Sequel.    Illustrated  in  Photogravure.    Cloth,  16*.  net. 

[Prospectus  post  free. 
By  permission  of  H.M.   the  Kins,  Mr.   Haile  has   had 
access  to  the  large  collection  of  Stuart  MSS.  at   Windsor 
Castle,    and    throws    much    new    light    on    the   principal 
historical  personages  and  events  of  the  period. 

THE  OLD  SILVER  SACRA- 
MENTAL VESSELS  OF 
FOREIGN  PROTESTANT 
CHURCHES  IN  ENGLAND. 

By  E.  ALFRED  JONES.  Author  of  'Old  English  Gold 
Plate.'  &c.  With  22  Plates  in  Photogravure  and 
Half-Tone.     Royal  4to,  One  Guinea  net. 

[  Prospectus  post  free. 

WEST  HAM. 

A  Study  in  Social  and  Industrial  Problems.  Being 
the  Report  of  the  Outer  London  Inquiry  Committee, 
compiled  by  EDWARD  G.  HOWARTH  and  MONA 
WILSON.     Cloth.6s.net.  [Prospectus  post  free. 

FLOWER  GROUPING  IN  ENGLISH, 
SCOTCH,     AND    IRISH    GARDENS. 

Text  bv  ROSE  KINGsLKY.  the  Hon.  EMILY 
LAWLESS,  WALTER  P.  WRIGHT,  and  others.  With 
Notes  and  between  BO  and  60  Illustrations  in  Colour 
by  MARGARET  WATEBFIELD.  Square  crown  4to, 
11.  Is.  net.  [Prospectus post  fnt. 

YASARI  ON   TECHNIQUE. 

Translated  by  L.  S.  MacLEHOSR.  The  Translation 
Revised  and  an  Introduction  added  by  Prof.  BALDWIN 
BROWN.  With  Coloured  and  other  Illustrations. 
Square  demy  Svo,  15*.  net.  [Prospectus  post  free. 

OLD   AND  NEW  JAPAN. 

By  CLIVE  HOLLAND,  Author  of  '  My  Japanese 
Wife,'  "Things  seen  in  Japan,' Ac  With  50  Coloured 
Illustrations  by  MONTAGUE  SMYTH.  Urge  f cap. 
4t<>,  15a  nett  l  Prospectus  post  free. 

CITIES   OF   ITALY. 

By  ARTHUR  SYMONS.  A  Collection  of  Essays  deal- 
in;;  with  Rome,  the  Improvements  Of  Koine.  Venice, 
the  Waters  of  Venice,  Naples,  Ravenna,  Pisa,  Sena, 

Verona,    Bologna,    Bergamo,    Lorenzo    Lotto,    Bl 

and    Roumanino,   and   'On  a  Rembrandt    in    Milan.' 

Crown  Svo,  4s.  6rf.  net. 


HURST  &  BLACKETT,  Limited, 
182,  High  Holborn,  W.C. 


Full  List  free  on  application  to 
J.   M.  DENT  &  CO.  29,  Bedford  Street,  W.C. 


No.  4185,  Jan.  11,  1908 


THE     ATHENAEUM 


3:3 


SATURDAY,  JANUARY  11,  1908. 


CONTENTS. 

PAGE 

Two  Volumes  on  French  Poetry        33 

Highways  and  Byways  in  Kent 31 

The  Oxyrhynchus  Papyri 35 

Shakspeare's  Warwickshire  Contemporaries     ..  36 

Travel       37 

Short  Stories 39 

Our  Library  Table  (Sociological  Papers ;  Devon- 
shire Characters  ;  Discoveries  ;  Sartor  Resartus  ; 
Venetian  Life ;  Suffolk  Records  Index  ;  The  Literary 
Year-Book) 40—41 

The  Book  Sales  of  19o~  ;  'The  Licensed  Trade'  ; 
John  Cumming  Nimmo  ;  Shakespeare's  Birth- 
place Trust  ;  The  Douglas  Cause..       ..       41 — 43 

List  of  New  Books 44 

Literary  Gossip         44 

Science— Chemical  Literature  ;  Lorimer  Fison  ; 
Societies  ;  Meetings  Next  Week  ;  Gossip      46—47 

Fine  Arts— Old  Masters  at  the  Academy  ;  Notes 
from  Paris  ;  The  Aurelian  Wall  at  Rome  ; 
Gossip;  Exhibitions      47—50 

Music— Gossip  ;  Performances  Next  Week..        ..    50 

Drama— The  Mystery  of  Edwin  Drood  ;  The 
House;  Dear  Old  Charlie;  Gossip        ..       50—52 

Index  to  Advertisers        52 


LITERATURE 


The  Oxford  Book  of  French  Verse  :  Thir- 
teenth Century  —  Nineteenth  Century. 
Chosen  by  St.  John  Lucas.  (Oxford, 
Clarendon  Press.) 

The  Claims  of  French  Poetry :  Nine 
Studies  in  the  Greater  French  Poets. 
By  John  C.  Bailey.     (Constable  &  Co.) 

Two  books  have  been  published  almost 
simultaneously  with  the  single,  unusual, 
and  laudable  aim  of  commending  French 
poetry  to  English  readers.  One,  '  The 
Oxford  Book  of  French  Verse,'  is  the 
best  selection  that  has  been  printed  in 
England,  and  contains  a  sane,  vigorous, 
and  enlivening  preface  dealing  in  a  brief, 
but  enlightening  way  with  the  whole  sub- 
ject. The  other  is  a  collection  of  essays, 
somewhat  disconnected,  but  attaining  a 
certain  unity  from  their  attempt  to  show 
that  "  the  widespread  opinion  in  England 
that  French  poetry  is  merely  rhetoric  in 
verse  "  (for  which  Matthew  Arnold  was 
partly  responsible)  may  be  somewhat 
insular.  Here  we  shall  find  a  good 
deal  of  controversial  matter,  and  by  no 
means  so  coherent  and  convincing  a 
judgment  of  things  as  in  the  preface  and 
notes  of  the  anthology.  Mr.  Bailey's 
is  a  book  of  rather  lengthy  discussion  ; 
the  other  is  definite  in  choice  and 
comment. 

It  is  possible  to  complain  a  little  that 
the  Oxford  selection,  good  as  it  is,  is  in 
part  constructed  on  the  theory  that  not 
good  poems  only  are  to  be  chosen,  but 
also  poems  characteristic  of  a  period  or 
a  writer.  Thus  Moliere,  who  has  no 
claim  to  be  represented,  apart  from  his 
drama,  in  a  book  of  poets,  has  his  sonnet, 
and  very  poor  it  is.     A  note  at  the  end 


tells  us  that  Benserade  was  a  Court 
versifier,  and  that  "  the  wretched  sonnet 
about  Job  caused  a  vast  deal  of  windy 
argument.  Its  rival  was  Voiture's  equally 
vapid  '  II  faut  finir  mes  jours.'  "  Is  it 
not  a  little  disconcerting  to  turn  from 
this  sensible  note  to  the  poems  of  Benserade 
and  Voiture  which  are  given  in  the  body  of 
the  book,  and  to  find  these  two  vapid 
productions  ?  Why  insert,  here  and  there, 
other  deplorable  specimens  of  bad  writers 
and  unhappy  ages,  when  the  sharp  salt 
of  correction  is  waiting  in  the  notes,  as 
when  we  read  of  the  "  ponderous  and 
affected  "  Du  Bartas  :  "  Goethe  admired 
him "  ?  With  every  detail  of  every 
selection  no  single  person  can,  of  course, 
expect  to  be  entirely  satisfied ;  but  a 
large  proportion  of  the  Oxford  pieces 
could  hardly  be  bettered.  The  space, 
indeed,  devoted  to  the  greater  men, 
Villon,  Chenier,  Vigny,  less  known,  per- 
haps, than  Hugo,  Musset,  Lamartine,  is 
much  to  be  commended  ;  and  to  see  good 
room  given  to  Du  Bellay,  and  a  corner  to 
an  almost  unknown  Amadis  Jamyn,  is 
to  discover  even  more  clearly  the 
merits  of  the  anthology.  Most  of  the 
poems  are  printed  in  full,  and  it  evinces 
commendable  courage  that  the  whole 
of  Villon's  great  ballad  of  the  '  Belle 
Heaulmiere,'  which  even  Mr.  Swinburne 
hesitated  to  render  without  the  aid  of 
carefully  arranged  asterisks,  is  here  to 
be  read  as  it  would  appear  in  any 
French  edition.  One  large  omission,  which 
takes  away  a  good  half  of  the  structure 
of  '  La  Maison  du  Berger '  of  Vigny, 
might  perhaps  have  been  indicated  more 
clearly  than  by  asterisks,  which  might 
mean  the  absence  of  a  stanza  only. 

The  nctes  contain  in  a  brief  space 
just  the  right  sort  of  information, 
such  as  the  place  of  birth  and  the 
best  accessible  edition  of  works  ;  while 
the  dates  of  birth  and  death  are  exactly 
where  they  should  be — at  the  beginning 
of  the  selections  from  each  poet.  The 
Introduction,  in  fewer  than  thirty  small 
pages,  gives  a  rapid  and  brilliant  survey 
of  French  poetry  from  the  thirteenth 
century  to  the  nineteenth,  and  though 
here  and  there  are  touches  of  rhetoric,  as 
in  the  vision  of  Rome,  it  is  on  the  whole 
written  with  a  delightful  energy,  often 
pleasantly  defiant,  for  the  instinct  which 
speaks  out  with  this  emphasis  is  nearly 
always  the  right  one.  Gautier  has  never 
been  better  summed  up,  nor  Marot  (for 
contrast),  whose  poems  were  "  personal, 
but  not  poetic."  How  good  is  this  on 
Ronsard  ! — 

"  Ronsard  was  a  great  poet,  having 
authority  ;  he  was  also  a  scholar,  with  the 
scholar's  weakness  for  imposing  rules  ; 
and,  unfortunately,  the  first  to  take  advan- 
tage of  such  rules,  and  to  strengthen  them, 
and  contract  their  limits,  are  usually  those 
who  are  dasignod  by  nature  to  be  pedants 
and  not  poets." 

Of  such  was  Malherbe,  and  "  to  Malherbe 
we  owe  the  perpetualizing  of  these  forms 
reduced  to  their  lowest  terms  of  mechanical 
accuracy  by  a  frigid  intelligence."  It  is 
in  writing  of  Ronsard  that  Mr.  Lucas — 
politely,  but  justly — notes,  with  reference 
to  the  vital  quality  of  Ronsard's  poetry, 


that  "  even  Pater  writes  of  these  poems 
as  if  they  were  specimens  of  remarkable 
tapestry  in  a  museum."  That  is  true  of 
the  references  to  the  Pleiade  in  the  '  Studies 
in  the  Renaissance,'  but  what  of  the 
ecstatic  pages  in  '  Gaston  de  Latour '  on 
this  poetry,  which  "  boldly  assumed  the 
dress,  the  words,  the  habits,  the  very 
trick,  of  contemporary  life,  and  turned 
them  into  gold  "  %  What  of  "  The  juice 
in  the  flowers,  when  Ronsard  named 
them,  was  like  wine  or  blood  "  ?  And  it 
may  be  questioned  whether  Chateaubriand, 
for  all  the  suggestiveness  of  his  imagina- 
tive but  excessive  prose,  was,  so  largely 
as  Mr.  Lucas  imagines,  the  origin  of 
the  Romantic  movement,  not  only  in 
fiction  and  descriptive  prose,  but  in 
poetry  also. 

In  one  of  the  pages  of  his  essay  on 
Victor  Hugo,  Mr.  Bailey,  the  writer  of 
the  second  book  before  us,  defines  his 
intention  very  clearly.  "  The  answer," 
he  says, 

"  I  am  trying  to  get  at  here  is  that  of  no 
specialist  al  all,  but  of  the  plain  lover  of 
literature,  and  especially  of  poetry,  of  those 
who  find  in  poetry  at  once  tin  most  delightful 
of  human  arts,  and  the  least  imperfect  utter- 
ance man  has  achieved  of  what  he  has  in 
him  at  his  greatest  moments." 
Cumbrously  expressed  as  it  is,  there  is 
something  pleasant  and  premising  in 
such  a  statement,  and  the  whole  book  is 
a  development  of  it.  It  begins,  indeed, 
with  the  thesis,  not  unreasonable,  that  in 
Horace,  not  in  Virgil,  we  find  the  natural 
genius  of  France  ;  and  proceeds  to  an 
argument  to  the  effect  that  French  poetry 
as  a  whole  is  to  be  judged  in  Racine,  as 
English  poetry  is  to  be  judged  in  Shak- 
speare,  and  that  Racine,  as  most  men  are 
ready  to  agree,  is,  as  a  poet,  very  much 
the  smaller  man.  Most  of  the  remaining 
part  of  the  book  goes  to  prove  that  Racine 
does  in  no  complete  sense  represent  the 
poetic  genius  of  France,  and  it  cannot  be 
said  that  justice  is  done  to  the  writer  of 
'  Phedre '  when  he  is  characterized  as 
merely  an  "  ingenious  rhetorician." 
"  There  are  things  which  are  French," 
Mr.  Bailey  says,  rather  condescendingly, 
"  and  which  it  is  useless  to  look  for  in  an 
Englishman."  Nothing  could  be  truer, 
and  few  Englishmen  have  ever  seen  all 
that  a  Frenchman  sees  and  admires  in 
the  strange  and  subtle  genius  of  a  great 
dramatic  poet,  whose  technique,  in  the 
famous  "  Ariane,  ma  sceur,"  anticipates 
what  seems  to  us  the  new  decadent  "  En 
robe  d'or  il  adore  "  of  Verlaine. 

Mr.  Bailey  is  at  his  best  when  he  accepts 
and  praises,  but  it  is  a  little  difficult  to 
follow  him  in  his  apology  for  Marot. 
More  of  the  essence  of  the  matter  is  said 
in  the  single  phrase  which  we  have  quoted 
from  Mr.  Lucas  than  in  the  whole  of  Mr. 
Bailey's  essay.  And  that  one  who  cannot 
see  the  essentially  French  genius  of 
Racine  should  almost  accept  the  really 
local  French  estimate  of  La  Fontaine 
as  the  Homer  of  France  shows  a  curious 
uncertainty  of  judgment.  Why  judge 
Racine  from  the  point  of  view  of  the 
Englishman,  and  La  Fontaine  from  the 
point  of  view  of  the  Frenchman  !  "  What 
he  tried  to  do  he  did  perfectly,"  Mr.  Bailey 


34 


T  II  E     AT  II  i:  \  .K  U  M 


No.   U85,  .Ian.  11,  1908 


Kays  of  La  Fontaine  S<>  did  Racine. 
Is  there  more  essential  poetry  in  a  table 
of  La  Fontaine   than  in  a  play  of  Racine 

or  drama  as  essential  (  "  He  raielv 
stirs  our  Mood,  and  never  inspires  us," 
Mr.  Bailey  admits  of  La  Fontaine.  Yet 
he  cannot  realize  that  in  Racine,  under- 
neath all  the  formality  of  the  speech, 
there  is  a  little  living  flame,  which  never 
so  much  as  flickers  in  the  choice  words 
of  the  amiable  fabulist. 

In  the  essays  on  Ronsard,  Chenier, 
Hugo,  Leconte  de  Lisle,  and  Heredia, 
Mr.  Bailey  is  at  his  best.  It  is  a  joy 
to  read  so  sane,  discriminating,  and 
enthusiastic  an  account  of  the  poet  who 
was  half  a  Greek,  not  only  by  birth,  but 
also  by  genius,  the  more  classical  Keats 
of  France,  Andre  Chenier.  Mr.  Bailey 
does  not  seem  to  realize  how  little 
Chenier  is  really  known  in  England, 
and  how  little  his  qualities  are  of  the 
kind  for  which  most  English  readers  of 
poetry  care.  Even  he  himself  has  not, 
perhaps,  seen  the  personal  warmth  and 
modernness  of  the  love-poems,  the  '  Ele- 
gies,' in  which,  like  other  critics,  French 
as  well  as  English,  he  finds  "  no  great 
interest."  But,  with  this  customary  ex- 
ception, all  that  he  says  is  good  and 
just,  and  should  bring  many  new  readers 
to  one  of  the  rarest  of  French  poets. 
Ronsard  is  happily  praised  and  presented, 
and  the  essay  might  be  read  in  company 
with  Mr.  George  Wyndham's  dainty  and 
delicate  renderings,  in  which  the  verse 
is  carefully  modelled  on  the  English 
verse  contemporary  with  that  of  the 
Pleiade.  Hugo  is  lauded  at  great  length, 
and  with  ample  and  well-chosen  quotations. 
The  essay  is  extravagantly  eulogistic, 
and  at  times  unpardonably  so,  as  in  a 
comparison  between  Hugo  and  Milton, 
which  is  more  out  of  place  than  any 
conceivable  French  comparison  of  Racine 
with  Shakspeare.  Mr.  Bailey,  who  sees 
the  rhetorician  in  Racine,  does  not  see 
him,  a  splendid  giant,  dominating  the 
whole  work  of  Hugo.  His  immense 
enthusiasm  is  not  without  its  value,  at 
a  time  when  Hugo  is  probably  little  read 
in  England,  and  justice  is  scarcely 
done  to  one  who  seems  already  becoming 
a  solid  part  of  the  past.  This  essay, 
then,  c  in  be  read  with  profit,  and  should 
be  read  with  attention. 

The  study  of  Leconte  de  Lisle,  though 
one  of  the  briefest,  is  one  of  the  most 
perfect  essays  in  the  book.  Justice  and 
sympathy  are  singularly  mingled ;  the 
whole  atmosphere  of  this  poetry  of  the 
heat  and  languor  of  the  East  is  rendered, 
its  brooding  over  annihilation,  its  "  cres- 
cendo of  silences."  It  is  true  that  Leconte 
de  Lisle  is  "  the  most  monotonous  of 
first-rate  poets,  always  on  a  high  level, 
but  always  the  same "  ;  yet  true  also 
is  the  statement  that  the  writer  of  so 
vast  a  poem  as  '  Le  Sommeil  du  Condor  ' 
(how  many  poets  can  be  vast  in  twenty- 
eight  lines  ?)  "in  his  measure  is  as  as- 
suredly a  man  who  has  come  from  a 
strange  country  as  Dante  is  the  man 
who  has  been  in  Heaven  and  Hell." 
The    comparison    with    Matthew    Arnold 


is  good,  that  with  Landor  is  better.  As  ps 
are  rightly  reminded, 

"  Landor  was  a  greater  human  being  alto- 
gether than  Leconte  de  Lisle  ;  and,  for 
tins  particular  work  of  the  classical  idyll, 
he  was  helped  by  the  fact  that  he  had  far 
more  in  him  of  the  qualities  of  the  two 
peoples  out  of  whom  what  wo  know  as 
Europe  has  developed,  more  of  the  manliness 
of  Rome,  and  more  of  the  rippling  freshness 
of  Greece,  than  was  ever  possible  to  a  man 
like  Leconte  de  Lisle,  who,  as  I  have  said, 
never  really  became  a  European  at  all." 

No  more  really  European,  perhaps,  was 
the  "  pupil,"  in  a  sense,  of  Leconte  de 
Lisle,  the  Cuban  Heredia,  who  is  studied 
in  the  last  of  these  essays,  with  rare  know- 
ledge and  admiration  of  what  Mr.  Bailey 
calls  something  of  a  Pindaric  genius. 
The  epithet  is  hardy,  and  may  be  con- 
tested, for  Heredia  was  no  eagle.  He 
carved  as  Gautier  would  have  the  artist 
carve,  in  his  own  form,  "  marbre,  onyx," 
his  medallion.  To  Mr.  Bailey  there  is 
much  more  in  these  splendid  "  Trophees," 
which  he  seems  to  see,  in  some  temple 
of  Art,  "  among  her  cloudy  trophies 
hung."  Yet  does  Heredia  really  go 
beyond  the  bounds  of  the  Parnassians  ? 
Was  he  not  always  in  the  true  sense  a 
poet  of  the  past  ? 


Highways  and  Byways  in  Kent.  By 
Walter  Jerrold.  Illustrated  by  Hugh 
Thomson.     (Macmillan  &  Co.) 

The  best  part  of  this  issue  of  a  charming 
series  is  the  abundance  of  dainty  drawings 
by    Mr.    Hugh    Thomson.     For    such    a 
work    as    this    the    county  of  Kent,   rich 
in    scenery   and    an    infinite    variety    of 
old  buildings,   affords  a  superabundance 
of  subjects,  and  with  most  of  those  selected 
by  Mr.  Thomson  no  one  can  fail  to  be 
pleased.     "  Pretty  "  is  an  epithet  that,  by 
constant  and  inappropriate  use,  has  almost 
come  to  be  regarded  as  a  contemptuous 
word  ;    but  it  is  difficult  to  think  of  any 
better  expression  to  apply  to  such  pleasant 
pictures  as  those  Mr.  Thomson  has  given 
us  of  Shorne  Churchyard  ;    the  Falstaff 
Inn,  Gadshill ;    the  Norman  Church,  St. 
Margaret's  ;    the  bridge  over  the  Medway 
at  Teston  ;    Canterbury  from  a  distance  ; 
and  many  others.     In  dealing,  however, 
with  so  prolific  an  illustrator,  it  is  best 
to  be  candid,  and  we  think  that  some  of 
his    work    suffers     from     undue     haste. 
This      is      particularly    the    case     with 
the  view]  "on   p.   10   of  the  twin    towers 
of      Reculver ;      this     ancient     building 
appears   to   be   slipping   down   from   the 
summit  of  a  hastily  constructed  haystack. 
The   two  drawings   of   Leeds   Castle   are 
certainly  inadequate  ;    nor  has  the  most 
been    made    of  East    Farleigh.      In   the 
latter   case   the   picture,    though    pretty, 
gives  the  idea  of  a  really  small  bridge. 
One    other    complaint    must    be    made : 
the      two      pictures       of      the      central 
tower    of     Canterbury    Cathedral      give 
considerable    prominence    to    the    maze 
of  scaffolding  by  which  it  was  surrounded 
at  the  time  when  these  views  were  taken 
— a    bit    of    realism  which    might   with 
advantage  have  been  omitted.     Notwith- 


standing  these  criticisms,  the  general 
oharm  of  the  drawings  prevails  over  any 
possible  defects  in  a  few  cases.  In  this 
hook  Mr.  Thomson  shows  a  thorough 
command  over  his  pencil  in  the  treatment 
of  street  buildings.  There  is  much  vigour 
and  power  in  his  '  Byway  in  Ashford  '  ; 
and  we  doubt  if  that  difficult  subject, 
Mercery  Lane,  Canterbury,  has  ever 
been  so  effectively  sketched. 

If  an  artist  cannot  fail  to  be  embarrassed 
with    the    multiplicity   of    subjects    in    a 
general  work  on  the  county  of  Kent,  still 
more   must    a  like  difficulty  arise  when 
one  undertakes  to  write  about  a  district 
that  is  so  crowded  with  varied    interest, 
and   has    been   the  scene    of    so     many 
historic  events.     On  the  whole,  those  who 
know  the  county  well  can  scarcely  fail  to 
be  satisfied  with  the  comprehensive  topo- 
graphical selection  made  by  Mr.  Jerrold 
of  the  places  best  worthy  of  description. 
The    city    of    Canterbury ;     the    isle    of 
Thanet ;    Sandwich,  Deal,  and  the  Good- 
wins ;    Dover  and  Folkestone,  with  their 
respective     neighbourhoods  ;     the   great 
flats    of    Romney  Marsh,    and   Lympne ; 
the    district     of     Ashford ;      Cranbrook 
and      the      "  Hursts  "  ;        the     district 
of     Maidstone ;       Tonbridge     and    "  the 
Wells "  ;    Penshurst,    and    the    valley   of 
the  Eden ;    Westerham   and   Sevenoaks ; 
Otford  and  "  the  Hams  "  ;    Dartford  and 
Gravesend  ;    Rochester  and  the  Thames 
marshes  ;    Sittingbourne,  Faversham  and 
Sheppey  ;   and  finally  Kent  near  London, 
are    all    treated    in    this    work,    leaving 
but   little  to  complain  of    in   the  way  of 
omission.     With    such  a  vast  number  of 
subjects,  the  treatment  cannot  fail  to  be 
sketchy ;    but  we  think  that  in  several 
places  more  room  might  well  have  been 
found    for    solid    information    had     the 
numerous  poetical  quotations  and  repro- 
ductions   of    second-rate    ballads    (all    of 
which   are  fairly  well  known)   been  con- 
siderably   curtailed.       Occasionally     Mr. 
Jerrold  slips.      For  instance,  when  giving 
a  brief  description  of  the  old  village  of 
Heme  and  its  singularly  fine  and  interest- 
ing church,  he  states  that  the  latter 
"  is  worthy  of  more  than  passing  mention,  for 
it  was  here  that  Nicholas  Ridley,  bishop  and 
martyr,  held  his  first  cure,  and  here,  for  the 
first  time  in  England  it  is  said,  lie  caused  the 
■  Te  Deum  '  to  be  sung." 

This  is  an  extraordinary  statement  to 
make  with  regard  to  the  glorious  hymn 
of  St.  Ambrose.  Was  it  not  sung  on  the 
shores  of  Kent  many  centuries  before 
the  days  of  Ridley,  when  St.  Augus- 
tine landed  with  his  little  band  of  mis- 
sionaries ?  Possibly  Mr.  Jerrold  meant  to 
WTite  "  English  "  instead  of  "  England  "; 
but  even  if  this  was  intended,  the  state- 
ment would  be  incorrect. 

The  writer's  comments  on  old  churches 
or  other  ancient  buildings  are  singularly 
few  ;  but  he  delights  in  rough-and-ready 
criticisms  as  to  modern  work.  When 
dealing  with  Canterbury  Cathedral,  he 
has  the  temerity  to  say  that  "  among  the 
things  which  one  would  like  to  forget  is 
the  gimcrack  pulpit  in  the  nave."  Critics 
of  taste  and  weight  for  the  most  part 
admire  this  beautiful  design  of  the  late 


No.  4185,  Jan   11,  1908 


THE     ATHENAEUM 


35 


Mr.  Bodley,  and  it  has  more  than  once 
been  described  as  the  finest  modern 
pulpit  in  England.  Even  those  who 
think  it  out  of  place  in  the  great  medieval 
nave  can  scarcely  fail  to  admire  its 
impressive  features  and  its  excellent 
execution.  At  any  rate,  it  is  a  substantial 
and  thoroughly  genuine  example  of  crafts- 
manship ;  and  Mr.  Jerrold  in  our  view 
could  hardly  have  found  a  more  in- 
appropriate adjective  to  apply  to  it  than 
"  gimcrack." 

There  is,  however,  a  good  deal  of 
pleasantly  written  and  slightly  inform- 
ing matter  throughout  these  pages,  and 
certainly  the  writer  takes  some  pains 
to  relieve  them  from  possible  dullness 
by  the  insertion  of  somewhat  remark- 
able anecdotes.  Thus,  when  he  reaches 
the  high-perched  church  of  Cudham, 
though  he  has  nothing  whatever  to  say 
of  its  distinctly  interesting  fabric,  he 
informs  us  that 

"  on  one  occasion  the  vicar  of  Cudham  was 
called  upon  to  baptize  four  children  of  the 
same  birth — twinned  twins— and  the  story 
runa  that  a  boy  being  sent  to  the  clergyman 
to  come  and  baptize  *  a  parcel  of  children,' 
the  vicar  enquired  how  many  there  were,  and 
the  boy  answered,  '  Three  when  I  came,  but 
God  knows  how  many  there  may  be  before 
you  get  there !  '  The  four  were  all  buried 
four  days  later." 


The  Oxyrhynchus  Papyri.  Part  V.  Edited 
by  B.  P.  Grenfell  and  A.  S.  Hunt. 
(Egypt  Exploration  Fund.) 

We  have  before  us  another  large  volume 
from  the  indefatigable  explorers  to  whom 
Hellenic  studies  owe  so  much,  and  this 
time  the  instalment  is  of  monumental 
value.  We  do  not  think  that  any  previous 
volume  has  given  us  such  varied  treasures. 
We  will  not  spend  more  than  a  line  on  the 
early  copies  of  known  texts  from  Plato  or 
Isocrates,  which  only  show  us  that  our 
tradition  in  the  mediaeval  MSS.  is  very 
good,  and  that  much  earlier  copies  from 
Egypt  seldom  add  to  the  solid  knowledge 
of  a  speech  or  dialogue  which  we  already 
possess.  Strange  to  say,  the  new  texts 
in  this  volume  teach  the  same  sort  of 
truth,  or  an  analogous  truth,  in  plain 
terms.  As  the  mediaeval  texts  of  the 
great  authors  generally  contain  the  best 
tradition,  so  the  selections  from  them 
which  have  survived  contain  the  best 
specimens  of  their  work  ;  what  was  for- 
gotten or  neglected  was  generally  of  less 
moment ;  and  if  we  except  the  poems  of 
Bacchylides,  one  of  which  at  least  is  a 
noble  addition  to  our  Greek  lyric  poetry, 
the  recent  discoveries  are  not  such  as  to 
make  us  lament  our  losses.  Whatever 
specialists  may  think,  the  literary  world 
is  not  much  richer  by  reason  of  Herondas, 
or  Timotheus,  or  even,  we  venture  to  say, 
the  texts  contained  in  the  present 
admirable  volume. 

That,  of  course,  is  not  the  opinion  of  the 
discoverers.  They  tell  us  that  the  paeans 
of  Pindar,  so  far  as  they  are  here  recovered, 
create  a  poignant  sense  of  what  has 
been  lost ;  and  doubtless  the  German 
professors  who  long  to  write  acute  com- 


mentaries on  new  texts  will  be  of  that 
opinion  also.  To  us  it  seems  that  no 
passage  in  the  present  work  will  ever  be 
quoted  as  a  splendid  specimen  of  Pindar's 
art,  and  this  the  authors,  in  one  place 
at  least,  seem  to  admit.  We  will  not 
quote  their  prose  versions,  which  aim  at 
accuracy  rather  than  poetic  style ;  but 
even  these,  candidly  considered,  will 
show  that  the  ideas  in  these  paeans  of 
Pindar  were  commonplace,  only  enhanced 
into  poetry  by  the  dignity  of  the  language 
and  the  artificial  graces  of  lyric  metre.  We 
cannot  but  feel  that  Pindar  was  in  some 
sort  analogous  to  our  own  Wordsworth, 
who,  along  with  much  prosaic  stuff, 
gives  us  the  noblest  poetry.  But  then 
Wordsworth's  diction  sinks  with  his 
subject ;  that  of  Pindar  is  always  lofty 
and  impressive. 

We  turn  back  to  the  theological  frag- 
ment   at    the    opening    of    the    volume. 
This  contains  a  passage  from  a  lost  Gospel, 
which    the    editors    refer    to    the    second 
century.     Its  composition  may  be  much 
earlier,  for  St.  Luke  tells  us  that  before  he 
wrote   his   Gospel    "  many  had   taken  in 
hand  "  to  give  an  account  of  the  life  of 
Christ.     No  one  who  knows  the  literary 
temper  of  that  period  has  failed  to  admire 
the  peculiar  simplicity  and  directness  of 
the  Gospels,  in  contrast  to  the  rhetorical 
tendencies  of  the  age.     It  was  an  age  of 
decadence  in  style,  owing  mainly  to  this 
very    fault.     The    Synoptic    Gospels    are 
wholly  free  from  it.     Not  that  they  were 
the    words    of    untutored    nature.     Blass 
has  shown  that  the  opening  chapter  of 
St.  Luke's  Gospel  is  the  work  of  a  skilled 
writer,  whose  art  was  superior  to  that  of 
his  surroundings.     Hence  we  may  surmise 
that    a   large   number   of   worse    Gospels 
were  rejected  by  the  instinct  of  the  pious, 
and  the  judgment  of  the  wise,  so  as  to 
leave  us  nothing  but  the  four.     They  are 
to     be    compared     to     the    '  Iliad '    and 
'  Odyssey,'  which  survived  out  of  a  crowd 
of  lesser  Greek  epics.     The  present  frag- 
ment   is  valuable  as  supplying    another 
specimen  of  the  rejected  sort.     We  have 
no  sympathy  with  the  modern  fashion  of 
scenting  Gnostic   heresies  in  every  frag- 
ment of  the  kind.    It  seems  to  us  no  more 
than  a  vulgar  attempt  to  dress   up  the 
teaching   of   Christ   by  rhetorical   effects, 
with  the  sacrifice  of   truth   and   accuracy. 
The  description  of  the  Temple  court  seems 
to  be  false.     The  account  of  the  Pool  of 
David,   in   which   hogs   and   high   priests 
bathe  in  common,  is  manifestly  absurd. 
It  seems  difficult  to  believe  that  such  an 
essay  could  have  lived  for  a  day  if  the 
canonical    lives    had    already    been    well 
known.     But  these  points  we  leave  to  the 
theologians. 

The  third  text  which  cannot  but 
excite  the  learned  world  is  that  of  a  lost 
historian  treating  in  great  detail  the 
period  following  the  Peloponnesian  War. 
The  chapters  now  recovered  deal  with  the 
events  of  396  and  395  B.C.,  already  known 
to  us  through  Xenophon's  '  Hellenica,'  at 
which  time  Conon  and  Agesilaus  were  the 
leading  personalities,  and  the  anti-Spartan 
combination  was  beginning  which  re- 
sulted first  in  the  loss  of  Sparta's  naval 


supremacy  by  the  battle  of  Naxos,  and 
then  of  her  military  prestige  by  that  of 
Leuctra.  The  new  writer  differs  suffi- 
ciently in  small  details  from  Xenophon  to 
show  us  that  he  is  an  independent  autho- 
rity, while  there  are  internal  evidences 
that  his  book  was  written  about  the  same 
time  as  Xenophon's.  The  discrepancies 
in  question  are  only  of  interest  to  specialists 
who  have  devoted  their  lives  to  the  study 
of  the  period.  To  anybody  else  it  does 
not  signify  one  straw  whether  certain 
Theban  politicians  were  bribed  by  Persian 
gold  to  pursue  an  anti-Spartan  policy, 
which  was  in  any  case  their  interest ; 
whether  certain  portions  of  a  campaign 
in  Asia  Minor  were  carried  on  against  the 
Satrap  Pharnabazus  or  the  Satrap  Tith- 
raustes ;  whether  one  Spartan  admiral 
replaced  another  a  month  later  or  not ; 
or  whether  it  was  the  Phocians  that  stole 
Locrian  sheep  on  Mount  Parnassus,  or 
Locrians  that  stole  Phocian  sheep,  and 
so  produced  a  war.  It  is,  indeed,  a  most 
remarkable  tribute  to  the  amazing  interest 
of  Greek  history  that  now,  in  the  twentieth 
century  after  Christ,  learned  men  should 
be  busy  over  such  matters,  and  should 
spend  their  lives  in  endeavouring  to 
ascertain  the  most  detailed  information 
about  petty  operations  three  centuries 
before  Christ.  On  the  whole,  this  inde- 
pendent history  renders  valuable  support 
to  Xenophon,  for  it  shows  that  he  has 
recorded  the  general  course  of  this  moment 
in  Greek  affairs  with  intelligence,  and 
a  sound  appreciation  of  the  motives  of 
the  actors.  We  may  concede  to  the 
editors  that  the  new  author  puts  Agesilaus 
and  Conon  respectively  in  truer  perspective ; 
but  if  he  chanced  to  make  Conon  his  hero, 
as  Xenophon  did  Agesilaus,  it  would 
account  for  all  the  allusions  in  the  frag- 
ments just  as  well. 

But  who  is  this  author  ?  Three  men 
can  be  named  who  treated  the  period 
besides  Xenophon.  They  are  Ephorus, 
Theopompus,  and  the  almost  unknown 
Cratippus.  Blass  decided  for  the  last, 
against  whom  we  find  no  definite  objec- 
tion, but  little  positive  evidencein  his  favour. 
Since  Blass's  death  two  eminent  Germans 
— Wilamowitz  and  E.  Meyer — have  sought 
to  make  out  a  case  for  Theopompus,  and 
have  not  only  persuaded  themselves,  but 
also  half-persuaded  the  editors.  But  their 
arguments  are  flimsy  enough,  and  we  are 
surprised  to  see  Messrs.  Grenfell  and  Hunt 
lay  stress  on  such  a  reason  as  this  :  that 
Stephanus  Byzantinus  quotes  Theopompus 
for  the  form  KapTracrexx;  (a  man  of  Car- 
pasia),  as  if  it  were  formed  from  Carpasos. 
Possibly  the  similar  sound  to  Carpathos, 
and  parallel  forms  such  as  2«A.y«iis  and 
I'ayaAao-o-ei's,  may  have  made  men 
doubtful  regarding  the  form ;  but  who 
will  venture  to  say  that  if  Stephanus 
Byzantinus  quotes  Theopompus  as  using 
such  a  form,  because  this  author  happened 
to  be  familiar  to  him,  Cratippus  may 
not  have  used  it  also  ?  A  similar  argu- 
ment, indeed,  breaks  down  with  the 
editors,  because  Ephorus  happens  to 
use  a  rare  form  as  well  as  Theopompus. 

To   put  aside  such    trifles,    the   really 
weighty  argument,  which  persuaded  Blass 


36 


T  II  K     A  T  II  K\  &  I    M 


No.  U85,  Jan.  11.  1908 


and  whi<  h  persuades  us,  is  that  the  style 
of  Theopompus,  both  from  what  we  have 

and    uliat     ue    hear    about     it,    cannot     be 

identified  with  thai  of  the  mw  fragments. 

They  are  tame  and  dry,  poor  in  \  ocabulai  \  . 
and    rather    remind    us    of  l'olybius    than 

of  the  fiery  pupil  of  [socrates  ;  and  this 
fiery  pupil  is  now  supposed  by  Prof. 
M  yer  to  have  begun  bis  writing  in  a  tame 

and    jejune    way,    and    to    have    blossomed 

out  later  into  violent  eloquence  !  The 
feeling  for  style  seems  to  us  to  be  weaker 
in  German  than  in  English  scholars, 
probably  because  the  latter  have  spent 
much  time  in  writing  exercises  in  Greek 
prose.  The  case  of  "Aristotle's  'Polity 
of  the  Athenians'"  naturally  occurs  to 
us  as  a  parallel.  While  there  are  still 
many  English  scholars  who  refuse  to 
believe  that  this  tract  can  be  from  the 
pen  of  Aristotle,  on  account  of  its  poor 
and  jejune  style,  the  Germans  have 
sih need  every  objector  by  their  violence, 
and  even  the  gentle  Blass,  the  best  judge 
among  them  all,  used  to  lose  his  temper 
when  its  authorship  was  questioned. 
Our  specimens  of  Theopompus's  style 
are  not  so  complete  as  those  of  Aristotle's, 
but  they  are  enough  to  show  that  he 
and  the  new  author  were  men  of  con- 
trasted tones  of  mind,  and  we  predict 
that  the  majority  of  English  scholars 
will  not  support  the  qualified  submission 
of  Messrs.  Grenfell  and  Hunt  to  their 
German  advisers. 

Yet  what  could  be  more  praiseworthy 
than  to  call  in  the  aid  of  these  and  other 
great  scholars,  so  as  to  make  this  volume 
a  record  not  only  of  the  editors'  skill 
and  learning,  but  also  of  the  judgment 
of  learned  Europe  on  these  new  texts  ? 
Profs.  Harnack,  Bury,  Schurer,  Schone, 
and  many  others  have  helped  and  sug- 
gested, as  well  as  the  editors'  learned 
colleague  at  Queen's  College,  Oxford,  Mr. 
Walker.  In  deciphering  they  themselves, 
from  their  vast  and  unique  experience, 
stand  almost  above  criticism.  It  is  indeed 
a  proud  thing  for  English  scholars,  espe- 
cially for  Oxford  men,  to  see  such  a 
volume  appearing  in  their  midst. 

As  a  matter  of  convenience,  we  should 
have  preferred  to  see  the  commentary  on 
the  texts  at  the  foot  of  each  page,  instead 
of  printed  in  the  sequel ;  but  there 
may  be  difficulties  or  expense  involved  in 
such  an  arrangement  which  prove  a  serious 
obstacle  to  it.  Still,  we  express  our  pre- 
ference, and  hope  the  editors  will  consider 
it  in  the  next  volume. 


SJiakespeare' s  Warwickshire  Contem- 
poraries. By  Charlotte  Carmichael 
Stopes.  (Stratford-upon-Avon,  Shake- 
speare Head  Press.) 

To  add  to  our  knowledge  of  things  and 
persons  that  may  illustrate  Shakspeare 
is  indeed  a  worthy  object  ;  and  Mrs. 
Stopes's  modest  aim  is  no  more  than  to 
help  '"  beginners  to  realize  the  sort  of 
people  amongst  whom  Shakespeare  began 
his  life,  and  ended  it."  Such  work  may 
be  extremely  useful,  especially  so  when 
it   is   undertaken,   as   in   this  *  case,    with 


considerable  local  knowledge  and  abun- 
dant painstaking  researoh  into  records. 
It  i--  not  to  be  expected  that  such  a  book 

should  be  without  errors,  but  the  materia] 
which  it  collects,  though  here  and  then- 
it  needs  sifting,  Lfl  distinctly  valuable. 
When  Mrs.  Stopes  begins  to  ;'iic-  or  to 
criticize  we  cannot  always  BOCepI  bet 
judgment  ;  but  so  long  as  she  ,  ,,11 
and  (piotes  manuscript  ami  contemporary 
authorities  we  are  very  glad  to  learn 
through  her  assistance. 

A  good  deal  of  what  is  now  published 
has  been  in  print  before,  but  this  is  virtu- 
ally a  new  book,  and  it  is  certainly  one 
which  every  Shakspearean  student  should 
read.  For  the  most  part  the  persons 
dealt  with  are  Warwickshire  or  Cotswold 
folk,  still  dwelling  in  their  own  land  ; 
but  the  first  chapter  contains  a  conspicu- 
ous exception,  for  it  is  concerned  with 
Richard  Field,  the  printer  of  '  Venus  and 
Adonis,'  and  his  master  Vautrollier. 
Mrs.  Stcpes  gives  a  list  of  the  books 
issued  by  the  Blackfriars  house,  and  adds  : 

"  If  any  one  carefully  studies  the  titles  and 
contents  of  the  books  issuing  from  this 
printing  press ,  he  would  not  have  far  to  go 
for  the  sources  of  most  of  Shakespeare's 
special  knowledge,  perhaps  for  all  that  he 
shows  in  his  early  work  beyond  Holinshed's 
Chronicles." 

The  suggestion,  though  perhaps  some- 
what exaggerated,  is  worth  following  up. 
Certainly  the  list  of  books  is  astonishingly 
wide,  extending  as  it  does  from  the  Fathers 
to  Plutarch's  '  Lives,'  and  the  'Dialectics  ' 
of  Aristotle  as  rendered  by  the  famous 
John  Case,  author  of  the  '  Spha?ra  Civi- 
tatis,'  whose  grim  visage  looks  down 
upon  the  high  table  of  St.  John's  College 
in  Oxford  to-day.  The  associations  of 
Field's  printing  house  were  at  any  rate 
interesting,  and  however  little  Shak- 
speare may  have  known  of  them,  it  is  a 
fair  inference  that  he  was  acquainted 
with  the  master,  a  Stratford  boy  by  birth, 
and  sawr  on  his  shelves  the  books  that  he 
had  printed  before  the  first  work  of  the 
young  poet  was  published. 

Later  chapters  go  over  more  familiar 
ground.  The  Lucy  tale,  for  example,  has 
been  written  down  almost  too  often,  and 
Mrs.  Stopes's  view  of  it  is  not  convincing. 
She  has,  nevertheless,  some  arguments  of 
interest.  For  example,  she  does  not 
believe  that  the  John  Shakspeare  found 
on  the  list  cf  recusants  was  the  poet's 
father,  because, 

'•  first,  Mrs.  Shakespeare's  name  is  not  asso- 
ciated with  her  husband's,  as  is  the  case 
with  the  Wheelers  and  other  known  recu- 
sants ;  second,  because  1592  is  just  the  time 
of  the  turn  of  the  tide,  in  which  prosperity 
came  back  to  the  house  of  Shakespeare, 
instead  of  departing  from  it.  But  the  other 
John  Shakespeare  of  Stratford-upon-Avon, 
Master  of  the  Shoemakers'  Company,  was 
then  a  ividowcr.  He  evidently  was  in  trouble 
at  the  time,  and  he  disappeared  from 
Stratford  immediately  after  this  recusant 
list  was  sont  in." 

As  to  the  deerstealing  story,  Mrs.  Stopes 
thinks  it  impossible,  because  Sir  Thomas 
Lucy  had  no  deer  at  Charlecote  ;  but  he 
had  elsewhere,  and  Justice  Shallow  is 
represented  as  a  Cotsall  man.  not  a 
Warwickshire     man     at     all.     On     other 


point  offers  to 

the  'Dictionary  of  National   Biography,' 

BS    when    .she    doubt-    the    .-toiy    of     I'. 

being  tutor  to  Thomas  Lucy,  and  shi 

that   it  has  given   contradictory  d:ite-,  for 

the  births  01  Richard  and  William  Lu 

The  stories  of  John  Somervile  (wl 
contrary  to  the  usage  of  the  monumi 

in    Wootton    Wawen    Church    and    of    I 

poet   of  'The  Chase,1   she  spells  with  a 

double  /)  and  of  Edward  Arden 
not  BO  well  known  ;  and  the 
certainly  worth  telling  again  as  il; 
trating  the  network  of  papist  plots,  real 
and  imaginary,  through  which  Fngliah 
gentlefolk  had  to  find  their  way  in  Eliza- 
beth's time,  the  inhumane  treatment 
of  suspected  persons,  and  the  "  casual  " 
nature  of  prison  discipline.  The  same 
points  are  illustrated  by  the  history  of 
the  Throckmortons  when  we  find  the 
daughter  of  the  Lieutenant  of  the  Tower 
going  in  and  out  of  their  rooms  as  she 
pleased.  It  is  a  fact  not  always  remem- 
bered that  the  Romanist  prisoners  of 
Elizabeth,  and  notably  the  recalcitrant 
bishops,  were  not  kept  under  very  close 
supervision,  except  in  special  cases.  As 
to  the  Ardens,  by  the  way,  Mrs.  Stopes, 
who  argues  sharply  with  some  of  her 
contemporaries,  does  not  refer  to  the 
specially  complete  investigation  in  Mr. 
French's  '  Shakespeareana  Genealogica  '  ; 
and  the  pedigree  she  prints  on  p.  1 10  gives 
a  wrong  date  for  the  execution  cf  Edward 
Arden,  and  is,  indeed,  contradicted  by  her 
own  text  a  few  pages  earlier.  Another 
interesting  family  is  that  of  the  Conways 
of  Arrow  and  Ragley.  Here  again  Mrs. 
Stopes  is  at  issue  with  the  '  Dictionary 
of  National  Biography '  as  regards  the 
date  of  Sir  John  Conway's  '  Meditations." 
which,  she  notes,  could  not  have  been 
written  during  his  imprisonment  at  Ostend 
in  1588.  Less  convincing — to  say  the 
least — is  an  argument  that  Dr.  John 
Hall,  Shakspeare's  son-in-law,  was  con- 
nected with  Idlicote  in  Kineton  hundred, 
rather  than  with  Acton,  Middlesex.  About 
Dr.  Hall's  medical  practice  (on  wliich  she 
says  not  a  little)  Mrs.  Stopes  has  the 
suggestion  that  when  he  treated  "  Mr. 
Drayton,  an  excellent  poet,  labouring  of  a 
tertian,"  it  was  really  the  occasion  of  the 
"  merry  meeting  "  with  Shakspeare  and 
Jonson  which  brought  on  the  illness — 
but  that  there  was  no  ill  consequence 
from  the  hard  drinking,  and  not  perhaps 
any  hard  drinking  at  all  : — 

"  It  is  much  more  probable  that  at  the 
unhealthy  springtime,  after  the  early  floods, 
Shakespeare  also  had  a  tertian  ague  or 
influenza,  from  which  his  son-in-law  could 
not  recover  him,  even  with  '  syrup  of 
violets.'  " 

Other  families  with  whom  Mrs.  Stopes 
deals  arc  the  Trussells  of  Billesley.  the 
Cloptons,  the  Grevilles,  and  the  Under- 
bills. She  has  short  chapters  also,  which 
should  be  capable  of  considerable  expan- 
sion, on  the  clergy  and  the  schoolmasters 
of  Stratford.  There  is  a  good  deal, 
indeed,  that  is  suggested  by  the  book 
which  is  worth  further  annotation.  Is  it 
entirely  hopeless  to  attempt  to  discover 
where  Shakspeare  was  married  ?     Can  we 


No.  4185,  Jan.  11,  1908 


THE    ATHENAEUM 


37 


not  get  a  little  nearer  the  solution  of  the 
mystery  of  Anne  Whateley  ?  At  present 
these  things  remain  with  the  inquiries 
as  to  "  what  song  the  sirens  sang,  and 
what  was  the  name  Achilles  bore  when  he 
was  among  the  women  "  ;  yet  we  cannot 
but  believe  that,  as  in  the  case  of  Bishop 
Barlow's  consecration,  further  evidence 
may  any  day  be  discovered. 

Meanwhile  we  suggest  two  lines  on 
which  investigation  might  be  fruitful. 
They  occur  to  us  after  reading  Mrs. 
Stopes's  pages.  The  first  is  the  Oxford 
connexion  of  Shakspeare,  which  might 
be  elucidated  by  closer  investigation  of 
the  association  between  Fulke  Greville, 
on  whom  the  University  conferred  the 
degree  of  M.A.  in  1588 ;  his  servant 
Will  Davenant ;  Davenant's  father,  the 
innkeeper  ;  and  the  college  of  John  Case 
and  William  Laud,  to  the  library  of  which 
the  "  oinopolos  "  presented  a  book.  The 
second  is  the  career  of  Thomas  Jenkins. 
The  Chamberlains'  accounts  at  Stratford 
show  on  January  10th,  1578/9,  paid 
"  to  Mr.  Jenkins,  scolemaster,  for  his 
half-yere's  wage,  10/.,"  which  seems  to 
show  that  he  came  there  at  Lady  Day, 
1578.  Later  entries  refer  to  further 
payments,  ending  in  1579 ;  and  John 
Cotton  obtained  the  bishop's  licence  to 
teach  boys  at  Stratford  on  September  25th, 
1579 — at  first,  it  would  appear,  as  Jenkins's 
assistant,  and  afterwards  as  his  successor. 
There  seems  little  doubt  that  this  Jenkins 
was  he  who  took  the  degree  of  B.A.  at 
Oxford  from  St.  John's  in  1566,  and  that 
of  M.A.  in  1570 ;  who  had  from  the 
college  a  lease  of  the  house  which  it  held  in 
Woodstock  from  the  Queen's  Majesty, 
"  commenlye  called  Chawser's  Howse  "  ; 
and  whose  signature  is  found  in  the  college 
books  from  1566  to  1572.  If,  then,  this 
Jenkins  is  he  who  taught  at  Stratford, 
he  may  very  well  be  the  prototype  of  Sir 
Hugh  Evans,  and  there  is  another  con- 
nexion suggested  between  Shakspeare  and 
the  particular  college  in  Oxford  of  which 
he  could  certainly  have  known  through  the 
Davenants,  and  which  was  famous  for 
its  interest  in  play-acting,  as  we  know 
from  '  Narcissus  '  and  '  The  Christmas 
Prince.'  The  history  of  Jenkins  is  worth 
further  investigation  than  Mrs.  Stopes 
has  yet  given  it. 

There  are  many  other  interesting  by- 
ways which  this  book  suggests,  and  the 
names  that  crop  up  continually  show  that 
one  might  have  said  in  the  sixteenth  as  in 
the  twentieth  century,  "  How  small  the 
wcrld  is."  The  references  to  the  con- 
spirators of  the  Powder  Plot,  for  example 
(some  at  least  of  whom  may  have  been  very 
well  known  to  the  only  begetter  of  the 
porter  who  was  so  hard  on  an  "  equivo- 
cator  "),  are  interesting  ;  so  is  the  mention 
of  Elizabeth  Tanfield,  the  wife  of  that 
Chief  Baron  of  the  Exchequer  under 
Elizabeth  and  James  who  "  outlived  all 
the  judges  on  either  bench,"  the  grand- 
mother of  the  great  Falkland,  and  the 
original  of  the  exquisite  picture  at  Ditchley. 
We  are  easily  led  into  bypaths  ;  we 
should  like  to  pursue  the  history  of  the 
Conways  and  their  successors  as  it  can 
be    traced    in    Collins's    '  Peerage,'    that 


most  valuable  eighteenth-century  store- 
house of  family  history,  cr  the  later  history 
of  the  Somerviles  and  the  Knights,  Lady 
Luxborough  and  Jane  Davis.  Mrs.  Stopes 
does  not  carry  us  so  far  ;  but  her  very 
useful  and  suggestive  work  encourages  us 
to  hope  that  much  more  is  still  to  be 
found  out  about  the  literary  history  of 
Warwickshire  and  the  contemporaries  of 
Shakespeare. 


TRAVEL. 


The  Rowley  Letters  from  France  and  Italy. 
(T.  N.  Foulis.) — Frenchmen  in  these  days 
are  apt  to  complain  that  Paris,  invaded 
by  hordes  of  barbarians,  is  no  longer  entitled 
to  be  called  a  French  city.  Of  all  the  France 
that  lies  outside  the  capital  of  France  the 
'  Rowley  Letters  '  take  no  account.  In 
Italy  the  view  is  more  extended  :  we  are 
carried,  not  to  Rome  only,  but  also  to  Naples, 
Florence,  Perugia  and  Assisi,  Siena,  Bologna, 
and  Milan.  The  '  Letters,'  behind  which 
it  is  easy  to  discern  a  writer  of  genial  disposi- 
tion, with  a  taste  for  good  literature  and  an 
eye  for  the  humorous  side  of  life,  are  so 
amiably  written,  and  breathe  such  a  spirit 
of  enjoyment  of  things  seen,  that  it  appears 
ungracious  to  point  out  that  they  are  lacking 
in  any  savour  of  originality.  They  make 
pleasant,  if  not  informing  reading,  and  con- 
tain few  inaccuracies,  though  it  is  unfortunate 
that  the  writer  should  have  referred  to 
Sodoma,  the  alien  in  Siena,  as  "  Siena's 
own."  He  is  not,  evidently,  of  the  modern 
Franciscans.  One  "  whole  day  "  spent  in 
Assisi  appears  to  him  an  ample,  if  not 
excessive  act  of  devotion  to  its  "  cheerful 
saint." 

In  his  preface  to  Indian  Jottings  :  from 
Ten  Years'  Experience  in  and  around  Poona 
City  (Murray),  Father  Elwin  tells  us  that 
whilst  he  records  no  startling  events,  he- 
describes  the  ordinary  life  and  surroundings 
of  a  missionary  in  India.  That  is  so,  and 
his  descriptions  are  clear  and  good.  It 
is  positively  refreshing,  after  reading  the 
raptures  of  globetrotters  on  the  beauties 
and  delights  of  Oriental  cities  and  bazaars, 
to  come  on  his  plain,  unvarnished  tale  con- 
cerning Poona  City,  which,  he  says, 
"  may  be  taken  as  a  fair  type  of  a  purely  native 

city A  more  dilapidated,  filthy,  and  wretched 

place  than  the  Poona  of  to-day  could  not  well  be 
imagined That  any  human  beings  can  be  con- 
tent to  live  in  such  surroundings  is  incomprehen- 
sible, although  it  must  be  confessed  that  to  purify 
the  city  of  Poona  has  now  become  an  impossibility, 
because  the  subsoil  is  saturated  with  the  dirt  of 
ages.  It  is  to  all  intents  and  purposes  an  undrained 
city.  On  either  side  of  the  narrow  streets  is  a 
gully,  sometimes  covered  in  with  rough  slabs  of 
stone,  with  large  chinks  between  them,  but  often 
not  covered  at  all.     In  these  gullies  every  sort  of 

abomination  has  accumulated  for  ages People 

empty  into  them  refuso  from  their  houses,  and 
they  do  not  seem  to  see  any  drawback  in  having  a 
foul  and  stagnant  drain  under  their  doorstep.  In 
the  hot  weather,  when  many  people  sleep  out  of 
doors,  more  often  than  not  they  spread  their 
blanket  on  the  stones  which  cover  this  drain,  and 
inhale  the  offensive  atmosphere  all  night.  During 
the  rains  the  contents  of  these  gullies  are  partially 
set  in  motion,  and  tho  evil  odours  which  arc  then 

let  looso  must  be  smelt  to  be  believed It  is  not 

surprising  that  Poona  has  become  a  veritable  hot- 
bed of  plague.'' 

All  this,  though  very  bad,  is  nothing  in 
tho  eyes  of  the  author  compared  with  the 
parlous  spiritual  condition  of  the  inhabi- 
tants. Of  this  he  writes  with  a  zeal  which 
might  be  envied  by  a  Puritan  or  Wahabi 
iconoclast.  The  people  are  heathen  :  their 
worship    is    the    abomination    of    idolatry  ; 


and  there  is  no  city  in  India  so  infested  with 
idols  as  Poona. 

"  But  no  amount  of  word-painting  or  power  of 
imagination  would  enable  any  one  who  has  never 
seen  it  to  form  a  correct  mental  picture  of  that 
squalid,  pathetic,  absorbingly  interesting,  and  yet 
altogether  diabolical  place  known  as  Poona  City." 

It  may  be  questioned  whether  this  aggressive 
attitude  is  expedient  or  seemly  in  a  country 
eminently  tolerant  of  all  manner  of  belief, 
including  the  author's. 

But  apart  from  this  the  jottings  show 
close  and  accurate  observation,  and  good 
judgment  in  the  deductions  made  from 
them.  The  Persian  wheel,  with  its  earthen- 
ware pots  dipping  into  a  well  and  with 
every  revolution  emptying  the  water  into 
a  trough,  whence  it  irrigates  the  fields  to 
the  accompaniment  of  creaking  wooden 
machinery,  recalls  old  memories.  So  also 
does  the  description  of  the  tall,  narrow 
platform  raised  in  the  fields,  on  which  boys 
are  stationed  to  scare  the  birds  or  beasts 
which  damage  the  crop.  The  question  of 
the  general  loyalty  or  disloyalty  of  Indians 
is  wisely  and  temperately  discussed,  and 
the  difficulty  experienced  by  the  Govern- 
ment of  India  in  getting  at  the  real  mind 
of  the  people  is  well  exhibited. 

When  writing  of  caste  the  author  gives 
the  impression  that  he  believes  it  io  be 
altogether  evil.  It  is  not  so  ;  it  has  saved 
the  purer  races  in  India  by  preventing  inter- 
marriage with  others  phj^sically  and  mentally 
inferior,  and  it  has  to  a  certain  extent  helped 
to  keep  the  higher  races  from  excess  in 
eating  and  drinking  and  insanitary  habits. 

We  commend  the  book  to  all  who  are 
interested  in  India ;  it  is  well  produced, 
and  the  illustrations  are  sufficient. 

A  result  of  making  the  journey  to  India 
and  Kashmir  quicker  and  easier  has  been 
to  increase  greatly  the  numbers  of  visitors 
from  this  country,  and  the  books  written 
by  them.  These  books  are  of  many  kinds  : 
there  are  standard  works  more  or  less 
official  ;  books  on  sport  and  travel  ;  and 
books,  among  which  we  class  A  Holiday 
in  the  Happy  Valley  :  with  Pen  and  Pencil, 
by  Major  T.  R,  Swinburne  (Smith  &  Elder), 
that  are  mainly  records  or  diaries  of  pleasant 
days  spent  in  novel  surroundings.  When, 
as  in  the  present  instance,  the  country  is 
Kashmir,  and  the  writer  has  the  merits 
of  accurate  observation  and  truthful  de- 
scription, and  is  moreover  no  mean  artist, 
the  result  can  scarcely  fail  to  be  satisfactory. 

Tho  route  followed  from  India  was  by 
Abbotabad  and  Mansera,  tho  more  usual 
road  being  joined  at  Chakoti,  a  rest-house 
picturesquely  situated  on  the  left  bank 
of  the  river  Jehlam,  there  contracted  in 
channel,  swift  and  turbulent.  Srinagar 
was  duly  reached,  early  impressions  were 
recorded,  and  excursions  made  to  well- 
known  places  of  attraction  in  the  neigh- 
bourhood, such  as  the  Lolab  and  Lidar 
valloys,  Wangat,  and  Oulmarg.  The  de- 
cadence of  many  Kashmir  manufactures 
is  noted — that  of  the  shawl  trade  specially  ; 
and  there  are  many  remarks  as  to  recent 
changes  which  will  interest  those  who  knew 
the  country  in  old  days.  These  remarks, 
however,  lose  much  of  their  value,  because 
tho  yeai  in  which  they  wero  written  is 
nowhere  recorded.  This  is  a  common  fault; 
we  are  told,  e.g.,  with  much  precision) 
what  happened  on  May  1th  or  May  6th 
and  even  learn  the  events  of  various  hours 
and  minutes;  hut  the  year  is  not  Stated. 
Incidentally   a    clue   is   given,    for   on   arrival 

at  Srinagar  on  or  about.  April  6th  telegrams 
from  Lahore  reported  the  disastrous  earth- 
quake at.  Dharmsala  j  and  again  on  Octo- 
ber 30th,  at  Ddaipur  on  the  way  home, 
preparations  were  Being  made   for   tin-  visit 

9 


sa 


Til  E    A  tii  i;n  .k  I'  M 


No.  llv-,.  Jam.  11.1 


<>f  tli.'  Prinoe  of  Wales,  who  wu  expected 
in  tli>'  course  of  u  fortnight.     Neverthel 
roedciri  may  justly  complain  if  they  have 
to   employ    research    in   order   bo   eetablish 
Mich  dates. 

Borne  <>f  tic  author's  reflections  show 
sound  appreciation  of  circumstanoes ;    thus 

of  a  (lusty  journey  over  country  where 
scarcity  was  impending,  between  Delhi 
anil  Aura,  he  writes  :  — 

"  \\Y  have  given  pesos  and,  to  a  certain  extent, 
prosperity  to  the,  teeming  millions  of  India,  and 
they  have  increased  and  multiplied  until  the  land 
is  overhurthened,  and  Nature,  with  relentless  will, 
bids  Famine  and  Pestilence  lay  waste  the  cities 
and  the  plains.  Then  Science,  with  irrigation 
works  and  unproved  hygiene,  strives  hard  to  gain 
a  victory,  but  still  the  struggle  rages  doubtfully." 

The  illustrations,  all  coloured,  deserve 
mention  :  artistically,  their  merit  varies 
widely,  but  all  give  the  impression  of  great 
endeavour  to  ensure  fidelity  ;  typo  and 
binding  are  appropriate.  Appendixes  con- 
tain information  as  to  game  licences  and 
restrictions,  and  a  note  of  expenses,  which 
were  evidently  kept  within  reasonable 
limits.  The  index  and  notes  will  be  useful 
to  future  travellers  ;  and  the  map  serves 
its  purpose. 

Mr.  Boyd  Alexander's  expedition  From 
the  Niger  to  the  Nile  (Arnold)  is  one  of  the 
most  notable  achievements  on  record  since 
the  Emin  Pasha  Relief  Expedition  closed 
what  we  may  call  the  era  of  the  great  ex- 
plorers. Its  results,  chronicled  in  these 
two  volumes  without  undue  technicality, 
are  important  in  two  directions  —  geo- 
graphical and  zoological  ;  and  these  have 
been  so  fully  dealt  with  in  specialist  publica- 
tions as  to  absolve  us  from  the  necessity 
of  dwelling  on  them  in  any  detail.  The 
ethnographical  part  of  the  work  strikes 
us  as  somewhat  perfunctory.  Mr.  Alex- 
ander's route  brought  him  into  contact 
with  some  little-known,  if  not  in  some 
cases  entirely  unknown  tribes,  and  he  has 
made  careful  notes  of  all  the  information 
obtainable  about  them  ;  but  it  is  evident 
that  the  non-human  fauna  of  the  country 
interests  him  more  than  the  human.  This 
is  not  said  by  way  of  detraction — non  omnia 
possumus  omnes  ;  and  it  certainly  implies 
no  inhumanity  on  the  part  of  the  explorers. 
The  contrary,  indeed,  is  proved  by  the 
almost  uniformly  friendly  relations  main- 
tained with  the  natives,  and  the  fact  that 
the  "  boys  "  remained  with  them  to  the 
end  of  the  journey,  though  we  can  scarcely 
agree  with  the  author  in  calling  this  fact 
"  unprecedented,"  since  we  have  (to  take 
one  instance  only)  the  case  of  Livingstone's 
Makololo  followers.  It  is  surely  by  an  over- 
sight, by  the  by,  that  Bukar  is  said  (vol.  ii. 
p.  186)  to  be  "  one  of  the  original  lot  that 
started  with  us  from  Nigeria,"  as  there  is 
nothing  to  show  that  this  is  not  the  same 
Bukar  who  joined  the  expedition  on  Lake 
Chad,  as  related  on  pp.  88-90,  being  then 
a  slave  engaged  in  picking  indigo  for  the 
Lowan  of  Kowa.  A  curious  case  of  "  posses- 
sion "  or  "alternation  of  personality" 
(whichever  one  likes  to  call  it)  on  the  part 
of  a  Hausa  is  related  on  p.  280  (vol.  ii.). 
The  deaths  of  two  out  of  the  four  Europeans 
taking  part  in  the  expedition  lend  a  tragic 
interest  to  the  narrative,  of  a  kind  happily 
less  frequent  than  it  used  to  be  in  African 
travel-books.  With  regard  to  the  author's 
eloquent  defence  of  the  Congo  State  (vol.  ii. 
pp.  338-45),  while  giving  full  credit  for 
tho  generous  spirit  which  dictates  it, 
we  can  only  say  that  he  has  based  his 
conclusions  on  insufficient  evidence,  which, 
unimpeachable  so  far  as  it  goes,  is  utterly 
inapplicable  to  tho  whole  of  that  vast  terri- 
tory, and  leaves  the  matter  very  much  where 
it  was. 


Mr  <'"ii  tanoe  Larymore'e  hook,  A 
/'•  ident'a  Wift  m  Nigeria  (Rout ledge  & 
Sons),  is  brightly  written  indeed,  wi  feel 
that    tin-   somewhat    hackneyed   ex] 

fails    to    do    it     justice.        It     p  all     tin 

advantages  of  the  re  idi  at     i  lo  •  r  acquaint- 

uith    a    country    without     losing    the 

freshness  and  vividness  common]  >'•'! 

with  first,  impressions  only.  The  second 
part,  'The  Household,'  tells  one  just 
things  one  wants  to  know,  and  will 
be  invaluable  to  the  not  inconsider- 
able number  of  ladies  whose  destinies 
call  them  to  the  new  Protectorate.  The 
remarks  on  servants,  horses,  gardens,  poul- 
try, &c,  are  not  only  marked  by  excellent 
good  sense,  but  are  also  agreeable  reading 
even  for  those  who  have  no  personal  concern 
with  these  thorny  subjects.  It  is  perhaps 
sufficient  to  say  that,  having  once  taken  up 
the  book,  we  found  it  extremely  difficult 
to  lay  it  aside.  Many  passages  might  have 
been  marked  for  quotation,  but  we  must 
content  ourselves  with  a  bare  refei-ence  to 
two  especially  interesting  (and  incidentally 
instructive)  ones :  the  account  of  Capt. 
Moloney's  death  (pp.  54-6),  and  the  in- 
quiries made  by  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Larymore 
at  Bussa  as  to  the  drowning  of  Mungo  Park 
(pp.  174-5).  The  following  little  touch 
from  the  description  of  the  visit  to  Kata- 
gum  may  serve  to  show  the  spirit  in  which 
the  volume  is  written  : — 

"  They  made  friends  at  once,  and  the  Sariki  and 
his  immediate  followers  were  my  almost  daily 
visitors.  On  one  of  these  visits,  with  a  sort  of  shy 
reproach  he  touched  the  skirt  of  my  coloured  linen 
frock,  and  asked  gently  why,  when  I  came  to  his 
house  to  see  him,  I  did  not  wear  pretty  clothes 
like  that — his  people  only  saw  me  in  a  black  gown 
(my  habit !).  After  that  I  had  to  sacrifice  comfort 
to  friendship,  and  be  careful  to  ride  into  town  in 
my  lightest  muslin  !  " 

It  is  not  surprising  to  find  that  Mrs.  Lary- 
more left  Africa — "  the  country  we  both 
love  so  well  " — with  regret. 

Across  Widest  Africa.  By  A.  Henry 
Savage  Landor.  (Hurst  &  Blackett.) — 
Mr.  Savage  Landor  represents  a  type  of 
traveller  which  we  find  it  difficult  to 
regard  with  sympathy.  His  journey 
through  Africa  is  certainly  a  noteworthy 
achievement,  and  covers  a  large  extent  of 
little  trodden  ground.  But  the  reckless 
generalities  in  which  he  frequently  in- 
dulges, as  to  phenomena  which  occur  "  all 
over  tropical  Africa,"  naturally  make  one 
cautious  about  accepting  his  information 
unsifted.  Without  giving  way  to  an  un- 
reasonable optimism,  one  may  be  permitted 
to  wonder  whether  all  the  various  tribes 
met  with  were  so  repulsive  as  they  are 
painted  ;  and  when  we  find  a  reference  to 
"  the  natives  of  Asia,  with  whom  it  is  always 
a  pleasure  to  converse,"  we  cannot  lie]]) 
remembering  the  author's  Tibetan  experi- 
ences, and  suggesting  that  it  is  distance 
and  lapse  of  time  which  lend  the  enchant- 
ment. Mr.  Landor's  defence  of  the  Congo 
State,  like  Mr.  Alexander's,  scarcely  needs 
refutation  ;  it  is  sufficiently  discounted  by  a 
glance  at  his  route-map,  which  shows  that 
his  way  lay  for  only  a  short  distance  within 
the  northern  border  of  that  vast  territory. 
The  conditions  at  Banzyville  are  evidently 
far  from  typical,  and  the  high  character 
and  proved  capacity  of  the  Italian  officers 
in  charge  of  that  and  the  neighbouring  post 
afford  no  evidence  as  to  what  has  happened 
elsewhere.  Moreover  Mr.  Landor  is  either 
not  aware,  or  has  found  it  convenient  to 
ignore  the  fact,  that  the  Italian  Government 
has,  since  the  date  of  his  journey,  prohibited 
any  officers  in  its  service  from  engaging  in 
that  of  the  Congo  State. 

The  perusal  of  Mr.  Landor's  adventures 
frequently   inspires  the  wish   that  it  were 


possible  to  h<  nr  th<-  version  of  the  other  party 
■  in'  d.      for  our  own  Dart,  if  we  ar 

ird  the  episode  of  his  photographing 
terrified  women  at  the  ford  (vol  L  p.  153)  as 

characteristic    of    his    habitual    conduct,    we 

must   confess  that,  though  it  can  scarcely 

be   regarded    in    the   light   of  an    "atrocity,'' 

we    should    be     surprised     to     find    that 

his    relations   with    the     natives    had      I 
agreeable. 

All   due  qualifications   being   made,   there 
is  a  large  amount  of  interesting  reading  in 
these     two     handsome    and     well-ilhi-ti 
volumes.     Mr.  Landor,  it  may  1  rved, 

refuses  to  accept  the  theory  that  malaria 
is  propagated  by  mosquitoes,  or  sleeping- 
sickness  by  the  tsetse-fly.  But  medical 
experts  may  be  left  to  deal  with  his  views 
on  these  points,  if  they  think  it  worth  while. 

In  the  Strange  South  Seas.  By  Beatrice 
Grrimshaw.  (Hutchinson  &  Co.) — It  Is  a 
pity  that  a  lady  with  so  much  enterprise 
in  travelling  and  talent  for  literature  should 
have  been  seduced  by  a  bad  tradition  into 
writing  a  book  inferior  to  her  last.  Many 
things  in  it  are  truly  excellent  —  notably, 
certain  personal  descriptions,  and  the 
author's  judicious  observations  on  lepers, 
missionaries,  and  manners.  But  the  book 
is  tainted  throughout  with  the  taint  of 
journalism,  and  the  trail  of  the  tourist  is 
over  it,  in  spite  of  the  occasional  gird  at 
"  globetrotters  "  and  "  the  tripper  element " 
in  which  the  writer  indulges.  Our  author 
is  greatly  concerned  for  the  Man  Who  Could 
Not  Go,  and  she  w-ants  to  convey  to  him 
the  full  flavour  of  the  South  Seas. 

The  islanders  have  their  private  life,  and 
this  Miss  Grimshaw  is  very  far  from  divin- 
ing, or  even  trying  to  divine.  After  two 
years  among  the  Polynesians  she  still 
regards  them  chiefly  as  comical  characters  ; 
she  believes  that  Capt.  Cook  founded 
whatever  civilization  thejr  have  ;  she 
cannot  distinguish  half-castes  from  natives 
(as  witness  the  photographs  of  "natives" 
at  p.  30);  she  mistakes  Euiopean  music 
or  imitations  of  it  for  the  native  article  ; 
and  believes  that  Mormon  missionaries  are 
"  cariying  coals  to  Newcastle,"  whereas 
the  Polynesians  do  not  practise  polygamy, 
any  more  than  Mormon  missionaries  preach 
it. 

"  Murea "  should  be  spelt  Moorea  ; 
"  pareo,"  pareu  ;  "  papa,"  papaa  ;  "  tiere," 
tiare.  So  far  as  we  are  aware,  there  is  no 
other  record  than  that  on  p.  193  of  Endy- 
mion  having  been  snatched  into  the  air 
by  an  eagle. 

It  was  inevitable  that  a  book  should 
be  wTitten  about  last  summer's  famous 
motor-car  race  from  Pekin  to  Paris,  and  Luigi 
Barzini  has  performed  the  task  in  a  most 
creditable  manner.  His  record,  entitled 
Ptkin  to  Paris,  translated  by  L.  P.  de  Castel- 
veeehio,  with  Introduction  by  Prince  Bor- 
ghese  (E.  Grant  Bichards),  occupies  well 
over  six  hundred  large  pages,  and  is  furnished 
with  a  hundred  illustrations  from  photo- 
graphs, mid  a  good  map  showing  the  route 
traversed  by  Prince  Borghese's  Itala  oar. 
It  is  a  straightforward,  graphic  piece  of 
journalism,  and  provides  a  full  and  detailed 
account  of  the  adventurous  journey.  It  may 
be  considered  over-long  by  some,  but  the 
reviewer  has  found  its  interest  well  sustained, 
and  it  has  no  ''  padding." 

The  suggestion  of  a  race  for  motor-cars 
from  Pekin  to  Paris  was  started  in  the 
columns  of  the  Paris  Matin.  After  a  host 
of  enthusiastic  warnings,  offers,  and  pro- 
mises in  the  same  journal  came  a  concise 
statement  from  Prince  Borghese,  an- 
nouncing that  he  would  compete  in  the 
race  with  an  Itala  car.  Later,  the  author 
of  this  book,  a  journalist  on  the  staff  of  the 


No.  4185,  Jan.  11,  1908 


THE    ATHENiEUM 


39 


Corriere  delta  Sera,  wis  commissioned  to 
proceed  to  Pekin,  and  accompany  the  Prince 
throughout  his  journey.  Thiee  other  cars 
and  a  tricycle  attempted  the  same  feat  ; 
but  Prince  Boighese's  was  the  vehicle  which 
actually  reached  the  winning-post,  the  Paris 
office  of  the  Matin,  on  August  10th,  after 
leaving  Pekin  on  June  10th,  and  completing 
the  entire  journey  on  its  own  four  wheels, 
though  not  always  under  its  own  power. 
Sixty  out  of  the  first  150  miles  from  Pekin 
had  to  be  accomplished  with  the  aid  of 
tow-ropes  attached  to  men  and  mules. 
Time  after  time  the  car  had  to  be  dug  and 
lifted  out  of  quagmires,  dragged  through 
rivers  or,  by  help  of  levers,  inch  by  inch, 
up  slippery  banks,  and  over  boulder-strewn 
mountain  sides.  In  his  Introduction  Prince 
Borghese  says  :  "  There  are  people  who  say 
that  our  journey  has  proved  one  thing 
above  all  others,  namely,  that  it  is  impossible 
to  go  by  motor-car  from  Pekin  to  Paris  !  " 
In  a  sense,  that  comment  is  justified  by 
these  pages,  notwithstanding  the  various 
means  of  progress.  Men  and  oxen, 
boats  and  rafts,  had  frequently  to  be 
employed  ;  and  the  Prince  had  to  an  ange 
beforehand  an  elaborate  system  of  supply 
stations  at  frequent  intervals  along  his 
route,  or  he  would  have  been  unable  to 
obtain  fuel  and  lubricants  for  his  machine. 
The  journey  did  not  prove  that  the  Paris 
to  Pekin  route  is  suitable  for  motor-cars, 
but  it  did  show  that  the  modern  automobile 
of  good  make  may  be  relied  upon  to  carry 
its  owners  wherever  other  wheeled  vehicles 
could  carry  them,  and  to  withstand  the 
strain  of  continuous  travel  in  difficult 
circumstances.  But,  whatever  the  practical 
value  of  Prince  Borghese's  journey, 
we  are  glad  to  have  this  account  of  it, 
for  the  simple  reason  that  it  forms  a 
deeply  interesting  book  of  travel.  The 
author  makes  no  display  of  technical  motor- 
ing knowledge,  but  the  car  used  is  well 
described  in  an  appendix. 

The  general  get-up  of  Tangerine  :  a 
Child's  Letters  from  Morocco,  edited  by  T. 
Ernest  Waltham  (A.  &  C.  Black),  is  remark- 
ably good,  especially  in  view  of  its  price. 
It  consists  of  juvenile  letters  composed 
during  a  holiday  spent  in  Tangier.  The 
writing  is  naive  and  agreeable  ;  it  is,  indeed, 
more  to  our  taste  than  the  preface,  which 
is,  we  think,  the  least  readable  portion  of 
the  book.  Mr.  Waltham  speaks  of  having 
bribed  Moors  in  Tangier  with  nothing  more 
sophisticated  than  a  few  bright  beads." 
We  venture  to  think  that  only  their  native 
courtesy,  and  the  strong  sense  of  dignity 
which  characterizes  the  Arabs  of  North 
Africa,  prevented  the  bribed  ones  from 
indulging  in  Mr.  Waltham's  presence  in  the 
merriment  his  bribes  must  have  provoked. 
He  has  allowed  inventions  of  purely  Euro- 
pean origin  to  appear  in  these  pages,  and 
we  gather  from  his  preface  that  his  own 
knowledge  where  the  real  Morocco  is  con- 
cerned is  no  more  adequate  than  that  which 
may  naturally  be  looked  for  in  the  letters 
themselves.  In  short,  we  have  here  a 
number  of  pretty  and  uncorrected  impres- 
sions formed  during  a  short  stay  in  the 
one  city  in  Morocco  which  is  not  character- 
istic of  its  primitive  side.  It  is  the 
city  of  Morocco's  foreign  residents — the 
gateway  through  which  one  may  pass  into 
tin!  real  Moghreb.  The  book  is  generously 
illustrated  by  a  rather  good  selection 
of  photography.  Many  of  the  subjects 
will  be  familiar  to  tourists  who  have  bought 
pictures  in  the  shops  of  Tangier's  Inner 
Sok  ;  but  some  of  them  are  fresh.  One 
seriously  labelled  '  A  Riff  Murderer  '  is 
amusing.  It  is  odd  that  the  Spanish  guide 
employed  to  escort  the  writer  of  the  e 
letters   on    excursions     should    have  so  far 


indulged  his  uncorrected  fancy  as  to  suggest 
the  belief  that  a  wild  man  from  the 
hills  who  threatened  to  shoot  would  permit 
himself  to  be  photographed  in  the  act  of 
aiming.  Children  ought  certainly  to  enjoy 
a  travel  book  which  is  designed  for  their 
especial  edification,  and  deals  with  a  land 
of  marvels. 

Greece  and  the  Aegean  Islands.  By  Philip 
Sanford  Marden.  (Constable  &  Co.) — Every 
book  on  Greece  is  interesting,  for,  as  our 
author  justly  remarks,  no  two  travellers, 
if  independent  of  one  another,  ever  visit 
exactly  the  same  series  of  places.  The  pre- 
sent tourist  leaves  out  Laconia  and  Messene. 
Thessaly  and  Eubcea  ;  on  the  contiary, 
he  gives  us  a  bright  sketch  of  Thera,  and 
something  concerning  Cos,  Cnidus,  Samos, 
&c.  He  went  about  in  a  steamer  with  an 
American  party,  who  were  in  a  great  hurry, 
and  he  tells  us  at  every  turn  that  there  was 
something  of  interest  a  few  miles  off,  and 
no  time  to  see  it.  This  feeling  of  perpetual 
scampering  spoils  our  enjoyment,  and  makes 
us  impatient  to  ask  the  question,  Why  on 
ear'h  should  a  man  in  a  hurry  imagine 
that  his  experiences  are  of  any  value  ?  Mr. 
Marden  honestly  tries  to  avoid  subjects 
which  he  does  not  understand,  and  to  tell 
us  merely  what  he  saw  as  he  ran  along  ; 
but  of  course  he  could  not  avoid  mistakes. 
He  tells  us  that  there  is  now  a  fierce  con- 
ti  oversy  going  on  as  to  whether  the  beehive 
stiuctures  about  Mycenaj  were  built  for 
treasure  houses  or  for  tombs.  No  man 
of  sense  has  the  smallest  doubt  that  they 
were  tombs,  or  that  precious  things  were 
deposited  with  the  dead.  The  author  tells 
us  in  his  preface  that,  "  in  mercy  to  non- 
Hellenic  readers,  he  has  sought  to  exclude 
with  a  firm  hand  quotations  from  the  Greek 
language."  We  feel  that  no  very  strong 
hand  was  necessary,  and  that  the  mercy 
was  not  confined  to  non-Hellenic  readers, 
when  we  meet  such  statements  as  this  : 
"  [Corfu]  in  Greek  still  bears  the  name  of 
Kerkyra,  a  survival  of  the  ancient  Corcyra, 
the  name  by  which  it  was  known  in  the  days 
when  Athens  and  Corinth  fought  over  it." 

In  many  other  places  we  find  super- 
ficial and  inaccurate  statements.  Mr. 
Marden  thinks  the  Museum  at  Athens 
incomparable  for  its  series  of  specimens 
of  Greek  sculpture  "  from  its  earliest  strivings 
to  its  highest  ultimate  success."  This  is 
not  so.  Archaic  things  it  has  in  plenty, 
also  Hellenistic  things  ;  but  of  the  golden 
age  very  little,  owing  doubtless  to  the 
Roman  plundering  in  the  centuries  imme- 
diately before  and  after  Christ.  He  de- 
scribes the  theatre  at  Epidaurus  as  an 
amphitheatre,  showing  that  ho  does  not 
know  the  meaning  of  this  term.  The  photo- 
graphs illustrating  the  book  aro  for  the 
most  pait  excellent  and  well  chosen  ;  the 
style  is  bright  and  clear,  but  very  trans- 
atlantic in  colour.  Thus  we  find  "  in  the 
vicinity  of  the  16th  century  b.c."  ;  Thera 
has  to  send  for  water,  "  aside  from  what 
she  collects  from  rain  "  ;  "  The  proprietor, 
so  it  developed  [i.e.,  turned  out]  spoke 
Italian  "  ;  "a  lantern  did  materialize  mys- 
teriously from  somo  nook  " — a  florilcgium 
which  wo  gather  from  twenty  pages  of  the 
book.  On  the  whole,  we  think  it  will 
amuse,  but  hardly  instruct,  the  reader. 


SHORT    STORIES. 


Lady  Catherine  Mjlnes  Gaskell  gives 
an  impression  of  knowing  .her  country  well. 
Apart  from  any  actual  merit  in  the  stories 
themselves,  Prose  Idyls  of  the  West  Hiding 
(Smith  &  Elder)  has  a  distinct  flavour  of 
its  own  which  suggests  a  breed  of  men  and 
women    and    a    typo    of    country    different 


from  those  of  the  rest  of  England.  The 
author  gives  no  elaborate  descriptions  of 
scenery,  but  by  the  far  more  effective  method 
of  touches  here  and  there,  hardly  noticeable 
in  the  flow  of  the  narrative,  suggests  wide 
distances,  and  lonely  moors  dotted  about 
with  dark,  strenuous,  industrial  towns, 
which  haunt  the  memory.  In  the  same  way 
her  people  have  an  air  of  ruggedness,  one 
might  almost  say  savagery,  which  makes 
them  hard  to  fathom  for  the  civilized 
denizen  of  softer  climes.  In  the  West  Riding 
clergymen  often  find  a  difficulty  in 
getting  on  with  the  inhabitants  :  this  is 
confirmed  remarkably  by  the  striking  story 
'  T'  Wife  Bazaar.'  which  illustrates  the 
methods  a  parson  has  to  adopt  before  he 
can  gain  respect  and  consideration  ;  and 
it  is  not  every  clergyman  who  is  able  or 
inclined  to  adopt  such  methods.  The 
stories  in  themselves  are  not  particularly 
interesting,  but  as  a  vivid  picture  of  the 
life  and  moral  atmosphere  of  a  country-side 
the  book  is  of  exceptional  merit. 

Mr.  J.  S.  Fletcher  is  most  at  home  in 
Yorkshire,  but  The  Ivory  God,  and  other 
Stories  (John  Murray),  are  not  predomi- 
nantly Yorkshire.  As  a  rule,  the  tales 
are  conventional  in  attitude,  though  the 
workmanship  is  efficient.  Whether  they 
have  a  supernatural  tinge  or  not,  they  are 
eminently  readable,  but  are  hardly  likely  to 
be  read  a  second  time.  One  must  suppose 
that  the  exigencies  of  magazine  litera- 
ture dictated  most  of  them.  Some  are 
frivolous,  and  others  are  tragic  ;  but  all 
are  deft.  Directness  and  simplicity  of 
narration  constitute  the  most  noteworthy 
feature  in  Mr.  Fletcher's  performance.  He 
has  a  better  instinct  for  the  short  story 
than  most  writers  of  fiction  ;  but  his  work 
appears  in  many  of  these  tales  to  have  been 
somewhat  perfunctory. 

Mr.  Algernon  Blackwood  has  a  perfectly 
ghoulish  taste  for  the  gruesome  and  the 
uncanny,  and  its  extreme  ghoulishness 
makes  it  hardly  suitable  for  art.  After 
reading  a  book  like  The  Listener,  and  other 
Stories  (Eveleigh  Nash),  one  is  set  wondering 
what  it  is  which  differentiates  such  stories 
from  those  of  the  great  masters  in  the  tale 
of  terror.  Poe  and  De  Quincey  and  Steven- 
son could  write  of  horrors  so  as  to  arrest 
the  attention,  but  they  were  never  repulsive, 
as  Mr.  Blackwood  is  in  some  of  his  stories. 
It  certainly  is  not  the  subject  which  makes 
the  distinction,  for  some  of  Mr.  Blackwood's 
horrors  might  well  have  been  welcomed  by 
those  authors  ;  it  is  rather  the  attitude 
of  mind  with  which  the  subjects  are  en- 
visaged. The  feeling  resulting  from  a 
really  attractive  tale  of  hoiTor,  if  one  may 
use  the  expression,  is  that  the  horror  is 
merely  used  as  an  instrument  to  reveal  the 
ordinary  workings  of  the  human  mind. 
Just  as  a  vivisector  sometimes  flunks  it 
necessary  to  give  pain  and  use  exceptional 
circumstances  to  discover  the  most  ordinary 
physical  processes,  so  real  artists  use 
the  distorted  and  the  horrible  to  explore 
the  normal  workings  of  the  mind.  But 
Mr.  Blackwood  seems  to  perform  his  tin- 
pleasant  operations  as  an  end  in  themselves. 
He  seems  to  be  only  concerned,  in  such 
stories  as  '  Tho  Listener,'  and  '  Miss 
Slumbubble  and  Claustrophobia,'  in  re- 
lating nauseous  terrors  ;  and  in  tho  drab 
monotony  of  his  victims  he  loses  sight  of 
any  psychological  meaning  which  might 
be  attached  to  them.  In  contrast,  however, 
to  his  other  stories  stands  '  Max  Hensig.' 
Sere  he  ^ives  real  action,  both  physical 
and  mental ;  ho  interests  the  reader  in  tho 
narrator    of    the    story,    and    immediately 

produces  a  sketch   where    the  horror  is  kept 
to  its  true  ancillary  position.     '  Max  Hensig  ' 


40 


Til  E     A  Til  KN  ,K  I'M 


X".  U85,  Jan.  11,  1908 


is    not     a    great     story,     still    it     win    worth 

telling. 

'The  range  of  Mr.  Stephen  Qwynn's 
subjects  in  The  Otade  fa  th<  Foreti  (Dublin, 
Miiiin- 1  .v  Co.)  is  oonaiderable,  Borne  oi 
them  being  oonoeived  more  or  Less  frivolously, 
and  others  with  a  serious  desire  to  Bet  forth 
Irish  problems  of  the  day.  In  tho  matter 
of  construction  and  art  tho  story  which 
gives  the  volume  its  title  is  the  Best.  It 
is  a  pure  comedy,  almost  a  romantic  farco  ; 
oertainly  a  comedy  of  errors  which  makes 
extremely  pleasant  reading.  The  second 
tale  is  intended  to  show  the  power  of  abnega- 
tion in  the  Irish  peasant,  and  has  its  pathetic 
side.  Tho  third  is  merely  a  conventional 
story  fit  for  ordinary  magazine  consumption. 
The  fourth  is  dasigned  to  deal  with  the  ques- 
tion of  tho  Irish  hunger  for  land,  the  fifth 
is  a  study  in  social  temperamonts,  the 
sixth  spoctacular,  and  tho  last  a  picture  in 
genre.  All  show  a  genuine  talont  in  the 
author,  without  rising  to  any  height  of 
achievement. 

Irish  Neighbours.  By  Jano  Barlow. 
(Hutchinson  &  Co.) — The  author  of  'Irish 
Idylls  '  has  lost  none  of  her  gifts.  Her 
tales  are  as  racy  of  the  soil  as  they  were 
when  they  first  reminded  us  of  Gait  or 
Ferrier  in  another  field.  The  present  series 
of  seventeen  stories  will  be  read  with  pleasure 
by  all  who  can  appreciate  the  workings  and 
expression  of  the  Irish  mind.  Perhaps  the 
first  story  is  about  the  best.  When  "  Mur- 
tagh  Gilligan  "  leaves  his  Western  cabin 
to  seek  his  fortune  in  the  East,  his  horror 
at  seeing  the  sun  "  rising  on  him  "  from  the 
sea,  where  he  had  been  wont  to  look  for 
sunset,  sent  him  back  on  foot  that  day  from 
the  ill-omened  region.  But  the  width  of 
view  ho  attained  was  worth  the  journey. 
There  is  an  admirable  small  boy  described 
in  '  An  Invincible  Ignoramus,'  the  longest 
of  the  tales,  dealing  with  a  higher  social 
circle.  Of  the  rest,  '  The  Libby  Anns,' 
three  generations  of  an  impoverished  family, 
who  are  relieved  at  once  by  the  appearance 
of  a  son  from  America  ;  '  A  Dinner  of  Salt 
Leaves,'  which  gives  a  pathetic  picture 
of  poverty  on  the  West  Coast  ;  '  The  Clock 
and  the  Cock,'  and  '  A  Test  of  Truth,'  have 
impressed  us  most. 

What  Ascott  R.  Hope  does  not  know  about 
schoolboys  is  hardly  worth  knowing.  His 
latest  volume,  Dramas  in  Duodecimo  (A.  &  C. 
Black),  is  a  collection  of  seven  short  stories, 
"  abstracts  and  brief  chronicles  of  youth." 
They  are  of  even  merit,  the  most  successful, 
perhaps,  being  '  The  Midsummer  Night's 
Crime,'  in  which  a  boy,  locked  up  all  night 
in  a  bathing-place,  believes  himself  to  have 
witnessed  the  perpetration  of  a  brutal 
murder  by  two  members  of  the  Yeomanry. 
After  the  Mayor  and  the  colonel  have  been 
summoned  from  the  Yeomanry  Ball  in 
breathless  haste  to  the  scene,  the  crime 
proves  to  bo  nothing  worse  than  the  drowning 
of  the  bath-keeper's  dogs.  The  mystery 
is  guarded  with  equal  skill  in  '  All  in  the 
Wrong,'  but  is  not  so  well  worth  guarding. 
'  Tho  Amateur  Dominie  :  Very  Tragical 
Mirth,'  speaks  for  itself.  The  arm-chair 
critic,  suddenly  called  on  to  stand  the  fire 
of  a  classroom  full  of  boys  of  rather  more 
than  the  usual  ingonuity  in  attack,  fares  no 
better  than  might  have  been  expected. 
Not  less  diverting  is  '  Tho  Red  Ram,'  which 
tells  how  an  Irish  professional  football 
player  is  passed  off  as  a  pupil  in  a  young 
gentlemen  s  academy  for  the  purpose  of 
playing  against  "  tho  College."  Altogether 
thero  is  abundant  evidence  that  the  author's 
hand  lias  not  lost  its  cunning.  Indeed, 
if  anything,  it  has  grown  too  cunning  ; 
for  the  practice  of  putting  a  separate  head- 
lino  at  the  top  of  every  other  page,  though 


it  gives  scop.-  to  a  memory  fertile  of  quota- 
tions,   distracts    the  reader  from    the    StOTy. 

and  is  therefore  not  to  be  commended. 
77k:    Crested    8eat,    by    .lames    Brendan 

Connolly     (Duckworth     &     Co.),     a     baker's 

dozen  of  stories  dealing  with  the  life  and 
work  of  the  fishermen  who  sail  from  Glou- 
cester, U.S.A.,  appeals  to  have  been  printed, 

as  well  a.s  written,  on  tho  other  side  of  the 
Atlantic.  It  is  full  of  the  slap-diush  faults 
which  go  with  over -hurried  production; 
and  its  sentiment  throughout  is  not  merely 
very  American,  but  childishly  anti-British. 
The  author's  purview  is,  in  fact,  extraordi- 
narily and  bittorly  parochial.  He  has  evi- 
dently imbibed  some  violently  anti-British 
notions  regarding  tho  Newfoundland 
fisheries,  and  is  cheerfully  oblivious  to  the 
fact  that  political  opinion  on  both  sides  of 
tho  Atlantic  holds  Great  Britain's  attitude 
on  this  question  to  have  been  quixotically, 
and  even  unjustifiably,  generous  to  the 
United  States.  He  also  shows  a  puerilo 
ignoranco  of  facts  familiar  to  most  people 
in  connexion  with  British  maritime  customs 
and  traditions,  and  appears  to  resent  the 
high  esteem  in  which  Newfoundlanders 
are  held  as  a  race  of  brave  and  able  sailor- 
men.  He  suggests  that  on  board  British 
ships  the  seamen  are  quartered  in  the  hold 
among  the  cargo,  and  that  British  officers 
refuse  food  and  shelter  to  castaways  picked 
up  at  sea.  Mr.  Connolly  has  a  real  gift  for 
the  spinning  of  simple  sea-yarns^;  and  it 
is  a  pity  that  he  should  waste  it  by  writing 
too  hastily,  or  allowing  local  prejudice  to 
dull  the  interest  of  his  narratives. 

Stories  and  Sketches,  by  Mary  Putnam 
Jacobi  (Putnam's  Sons),  are  apparently 
the  work  of  a  lady  who  later  devoted  herself 
to  medical  and  scientific  work,  and  have 
been  collected  since  her  death.  They 
mainly  strike  a  reader  of  to-day  as  illus- 
trating the  remarkable  advance  which 
has  been  made  in  the  short  story  since  the 
sixties  of  last  century.  There  was  in  those 
days  no  fear  of  tiring  tho  reader  with 
longueurs  or  the  absence  of  action.  Mrs. 
Putnam  Jacobi's  earliest  tales  were  written 
when  she  was  seventeen,  and  her  latest 
at  the  age  of  twenty-nine.  All  found  a 
welcome  in  American  magazines  of  repute  ; 
and  they  make  interesting  studies  from 
the  historical  point  of  view.  Undoubted 
talent  is  exhibited  in  them,  but  they 
belong  to  another  day  ;  and  probably  the 
author  was  wise  in  giving  up  literary  work 
for  the  scientific  life  to  which  she  adhered 
subsequently. 


OUR    LIBRARY   TABLE. 

Sociological  Papers.  Vol.  III.  (Mac- 
millan  &  Co.) — The  Sociological  Society's 
third  volume  maintains  its  high  level. 
The  contributors  of  papers  are  G.  Archdall 
Reid,  W.  McDougall,  J.  L.  Tayler,  J.  Arthur 
Thomson,  Patrick  Geddes,  A.  E.  Crawley, 
R.  M.  Wenley,  W.  H.  Beveridgo,  G.  de  Wesse- 
litsky,  Mrs.  Sidney  Webb,  and  H.  G.  Wells. 
Tho  excellent  custom  is  continued  of  append- 
ing reports  of  discussions,  and,  together  with 
these,  tho  comments  passed  on  abstracts  of 
tho  papers  circulated  amongst  experts  unablo 
to  be  present  when  they  were  read. 
Some  valuable  material  (if  theory  rather 
than  bruto  facts  can  be  said  to  constitute 
"  material  ")  has  been  collected  in  this  way, 
notably  in  connexion  with  Mr.  Crawley's 
brief  but  suggestivo  paper  on  the  nature 
of  roligion.  Whilst  the  wide  range  of  topics 
covered  by  the  papers  suggests  that  sociology 
is  a  science  of  somewhat  uncertain  or  (shall 
wo  say  ?)  unlimited  scope — a  view  with 
which  ono  section  of  the  Society  would  appa- 


rently agree,  whibt  the  other  hulf  would  be 

violently  displeased      it   is  at   any  rat'-  all  to 

the  credit  of  the  Society  that  it  should  bring 

i her  into  one  area  of  discussion  com- 
petent thinkers  representing  so  many  dis- 
tinct interests.  indeed,  may  we  not  as 
would  be  peace-makers  venture  to  define 
a  science  as  simply  "  an  area  of  di  0  "  ! 

At  all  events,  this  is  L  ■  rare  than  to  say 
with  Mr.  H.  G.  Wells  (p.  377)  :  "A  science 
is  a  thing  lacking  in  style,  making  no  OSS  of 
insight,  and  disregarding  values."  If,  how- 
ever, Mr.  Wells  is  disposed  to  bo  hard  on 
science,  Mr.  Bernard  Shaw  is  half  inclined 
to  be  its  patron,  speaking  of  "  the  Darwinian 
biology  "  as  "a  science  which  leaves  out 
the  main  factors  of  evolution,  and  still  has 
made  remarkable  contributions  to  our  know- 
ledge of  lifo."  Ho  proceeds,  in  that  auto- 
biographical vein  which  he  has  made  his  own: 
"I,  being  a  writer  of  fiction  like  Mr.  Wells, 
maintain  that  tho  dramatic  and  Utopian  method 
is  much  the  higher ;  I  begin  with  the  synthesis 
ready  made  in  my  own  imagination,  which  leaves 
men  like  Comte  and  Spencer  far  behind.  But  if  I 
make  the  accusation  that  they  leave  out  factors, 
they  can  accuse  me  of  that  too." 
But  biology,  whether  utterly  damned 
or  faintly  praised,  nevertheless  manages  to 
have  half  this  volume  pretty  well  to  itself, 
thanks  to  the  exploitation  of  the  new  science 
of  eugenics,  with  which  the  Sociological 
Society  has  identified  itself  from  the  first. 
And  that  even  the  man  of  science  can  be 
Utopian  after  his  fashion  is  shown  by  Mr. 
McDougall,  whose  "  practicable  eugenic 
suggestion "  is  that  civil  servants  should 
receive  an  increase  of  salary  as  often  as  there 
are  additions  to  their  families.  We  com- 
mend the  theme  to  Mr.  Shaw  for  his  next 
play.  The  scene  might  be  laid  in  Rome, 
where  the  jus  trium  liberorum  flourished 
under  the  emperors,  and  where,  if  we 
remember  rightly,  the  poet  Martial  was 
made  an  honorary  father-of- three. 

Devonshire  Characters  and  Strange  Events. 
By    S.    Baring-Gould.     (John    Lane.) — Mr. 
Baring-Gould    prefers   studies  of    travel,    or 
delving   in    forgotten    books    in    search    of 
curious  information,  and  collecting  folk-lore, 
to  writing  novels.     But  it  seems  as  if  there 
is  no  limit  to  his  industry  outside  the  old 
creative  province.     He  has  written  hymns  ; 
he   has   written   histories  ;     he   lias   written 
biographies ;     and   he   has   a   weakness   for 
just  sucli  books  as  his  latest.     Looked  at 
rawly,    it    may    be    set    down    as    superior 
bookmaking  ;   but  there  is  always  more  than 
that     in     Mr.     Baring-Gould's     work.     He 
exposes  himself  to  the  charge  in  many  pages, 
and  in  his  choice  of  many  episodes  ;    but  he 
lias  always  something  better  at  the  back, 
something    which    repays    the    reader    for 
quarrying.     Not    that    the    quarrying    is    a 
difficult   job  ;     on   the   contrary,   it   is   very 
easy  and  very  alluring.     One  can  turn  over 
these  chapters  on  Devon  oddities  and  Devon 
characters    with    the    certainty    of    finding 
them   readable.     But   it   is   often   tho  read- 
ablcness  of  I'it-Jlits.     For  example,  there  is 
the  story  of  Eulalia  Page,  meet  subject  for 
a  '  Newgate  Calendar/  or  that  of  Caraboo,  the 
impostor    who    pretended    to    be    a    Malay 
princess.     This  sort  of  provender  is  unworthy 
of  Mr.  Baring-Gould's  talent  and  time.     On 
the    other    hand,    the    author    enriches    his 
account   of   White    Witches   in   the   county 
with  personal  experiences  of  his  own  ;    and 
he  reduces  the  legend  of  Arscott  of  Tetcott 
to  its  proper  and  sordid  proportions.    Devon 
was  the  home  of  sea-captains,  and  several 
of  those  papers  are  concerned  with  Devon 
adventures  by  sea  and  land.     The  tales  of 
Sir  John  Fitz,   and  of  his  daughter,   after- 
waids    Lady    Howard,    were    well    worth    a 
place  here.     Tho  account  of  the  pirates  of 
Lundy  is  interesting  ;    the  strango  case  of 


No.  4185,  Jan.  11,  1908 


THE    ATHENJEUM 


41 


Joanna  Southcott  deserved  resuscitation  ; 
and  there  is  a  good  paper  on  two  hunting 
parsons,  of  whom  Jack  Russell  is  one.  A 
friend  who  knew  the  North  Devon  of  those 
days  describes  it  thus  to  Mr.  Baring-Gould : — 

"  North  Devon  society  in  Jack  Russell's  day  was 
peculiar — so  peculiar  that  no  one  now  would 
believe  readily  that  half  a  century  ago  such  life 
could  be — but  I  was  in  the  thick  of  it.  It  was  not 
creditable  to  any  one,  but  it  was  so  general  that 
the  rascality  of  it  was  mitigated  by  consent." 

Mr.  Baring-Gould  testifies  to  the  efforts 
made  by  Bishop  Phillpotts  to  put  down  the 
hunting  habits  of  his  clergy,  but  the  poor 
bishop  has,  if  we  remember  aright,  inherited 
a  reputation  for  slackness  in  other  quarters. 
No  doubt  he  gave  up  his  task  in  despair. 
What  could  he  accomplish  in  the  face  of 
such  obstinate  men  as  the  Rev.  John  Russell, 
who  kept  his  pack  at  eighty,  and,  when 
abandoning  it  at  the  personal  request  of 
his  diocesan,  handed  it  over  to  his  wife  ?  The 
other  parson,  of  inferior  quality,  Froude,  has 
been  painted  by  Blackmore  in  '  The  Maid  of 
Sker,'  and,  we  believe,  without  exaggeration. 

This  book  is  thus  frankly  a  book  of  gossip, 
and,  as  we  have  said,  makes  capital  reading. 
It  deals  with  the  byways  of  history  and 
biography.  It  takes  no  account  of  the 
great  and  significant  names,  such  as  Raleigh, 
and  Drake,  and  Joshua  Reynolds.  It  deals 
exclusively  with  minor  characters.  In 
his  Preface  Mr.  Baring-Gould  appeals,  in 
the  interests  of  his  publisher,  for  information 
concerning  the  pictures  of  James  Gandy, 
a  pupil  of  Van  Dyck. 

As  regards  the  technical  side  of  Discoveries, 
by  William  Butler  Yeats,  the  latest  produc- 
tion of  the  Dun  Emer  Press,  we  are  glad 
to  observe  a  marked  improvement  in  every 
direction  in  type-setting  and  press-work. 
There  is  still  room  for  advance  in  the 
mechanical  work  of  getting  the  book  ready 
for  the  purchaser,  but  on  the  whole  the 
volume  is  very  creditable  to  the  Irish  ladies 
who  produce  it.  It  is  even  printed  on  paper 
made  in  Ireland.  The  essays  by  Mr.  Yeats 
deal  with  the  connexion  of  art  with  the 
life  of  everyday  people.  The  key-note 
to  '  Discoveries  '  is,  "  What  moves  natural 
men  in  the  arts  is  what  moves  them  in  life, 
and  that  is,  intensity  of  i  ersonal  life." 
This  has  been  said  before  many  times  in 
many  ways,  but  Mr.  Yeats  proceeds  to  build 
up  a  little  canon  of  criticism  applied  to  the 
needs  of  everyday  art,  interspersed  with 
dainty  cameos  which  serve  as  suggestions 
for  fresh  essays.  Every  one  who  is  an 
amateur  of  English  knows  the  quality  of 
Mr.  Yeats's  prose  :  it  seems  to  grow  more 
rhythmical  as  it  grows  more  simple  in 
expression.  It  would  be  a  pleasure  to  quote 
passages  for  their  beauty  of  sound,  but  it 
would  be  unfair  to  separate  them  from 
the  frame  in  which  they  are  set.  Let  us 
add  that  the  edition  consists  of  two  hundred 
copies  only. 

It  is  a  little  difficult  to  say  anything 
new  about  Sartor  Reaartus  as  issued 
by  the  Doves  Press.  Their  press-work 
and  type  -  setting  are  probably  the 
best  in  the  world  ;  their  paper  is 
not  unworthy  of  tho  work ;  and  their 
type,  whilo  not  unimpeachable,  is  modelled 
on  the  finest  originals — in  fact,  as  producers 
of  the  printed  book  they  stand  almost  alone 
at  the  head  of  their  craft.  It  is  still  more 
difficult  to  say  anything  new  of  Carlyle's 
book.  With  its  crabbed  vigour  it  has, 
perhaps,  influenced  more  young  men  than 
any  other  book  of  its  century.  When  Carlylo 
himself  spoko  slightingly  of  it,  he  was  pro- 
bably moved  by  tho  universal  homage  paid 
to  it  rather  than  to  his  later  and  more  rea- 
soned works.  One  wonders  how  many 
men  still  living  have  written  to  liim  about 


'  Sartor  Resartus  ' — the  number  must  be 
great.  To  Carlyle-worshippers  a  copy  of 
this  edition  will  be  nearly  as  valuable  as 
that  unique  example  printed  with  the 
initials  of  the  nouns  in  capitals,  German- 
wise,  not  now  to  be  found. 

A  bevised  and  enlarged  edition  has 
appeared  of  Mr.  Howells's  Venetian  Life 
(Constable),  which  we  praised  as  long  ago 
as  1866  for  the  "  certainty  of  hand,  and 
brightness  of  colour,"  shown  by  "  a  lively 
American  traveller."  Since  that  day  Mr. 
Howells  has  become  one  of  the  leading 
men  of  letters  in  the  United  States,  but 
he  has  no  reason  to  be  ashamed  of  his  early 
offspring.  A  new  chapter,  '  The  Author 
to  the  Reader,'  explains  the  genesis  and 
advance  of  the  book,  and  also  the  judicious 
alterations  which  have  been  suggested 
by  time  and  riper  reflection.  With  its 
excellent  type,  and  twenty  attractive  illus- 
trations in  colour  by  Mr.  Edmund  H. 
Garrett,  the  volume  should  be  in  demand 
as  one  of  the  best  of  books  on  Venice. 
Specialists  in  art  will  hardly  approve 
of  all  Mr.  Howells's  views,  but  that  side  of 
Venetian  life  is  amply  represented  by  other 
books. 

Suff  oik  Records  and  MS  S.:  Index.  Compiled 
by  H.  B.  Copinger.  (Manchester,  privately 
printed.) — The  five  volumes  of  Mr.  Copinger's 
lists  of  records  and  other  documents  dealing 
with  the  history  of  Suffolk  have  been  more 
than  once  praised  in  these  columns.  An 
additional  volume  has  now  been  issued, 
which  forms  a  complete  index  to  all  the 
names  of  both  persons  and  places  that 
have  been  mentioned,  It  makes  an  in- 
valuable supplement,  and  appears  to  be 
compiled  with  the  greatest  care.  We  have 
tested  it  in  a  variety  of  places,  and  have 
not  succeeded  in  finding  a  single  blunder 
or  omission. 

The  Literary  Year-Booh  for  1908  (Rout- 
ledge)  contains  a  good  deal  of  matter  which 
will  be  useful  to  editors  and  journalists, 
the  main  features  being  a  '  Directory  of 
Authors  '  ;  an  '  Index  of  Authors,'  arranged 
provisionally  under  the  subject-headings 
of  their  literary  works  ;  a  section  on  '  Law 
and  Letters ' ';  another  on  4  Libraries,' 
which  is  good,  and  may  be  regarded  as 
authoritative,  since  it  is  recognized  by  the 
Library  Association  ;  lists  of  publishers, 
agents,  &c.  ;  and  a  classified  '  List  of  Cheap 
Reprints.'  The  last  feature  is  of  real  value. 
We  cannot  say  the  same  for  the  new  classifi- 
cation of  authors  attempted,  nor  are  we 
satisfied  with  the  '  Directory '  on  which 
it  is  founded.  In  these  sources  of  informa- 
tion we  find  included  as  living  at  least 
five  writers  who  are  dead,  and  were  fairly 
woll  known  in  their  various  spheres  :  Romilly 
Allen,  Montagu  Burrows,  Moncure  Conway, 
Harry  Quilter,  and  W.  G.  Rutherford. 
The  first  has  been  succeeded  in  the  editorship 
of  The  Reliquary  by  Dr.  J.  C.  Cox,  who  is 
not  mentioned  under  any  of  the  archaeo- 
logical sections.  Omissions,  indeed,  aro 
so  numerous,  and  the  qualifications  for 
insertion  under  a  particular  heading  often 
so  feeble,  that  we  are  not  inclined  to  trust 
this  list  at  all.  There  is  a  heading  '  Intro- 
spection,' including  six  persons,  who  are 
stated  in  the  introduction  to  be  mainly 
guilty  of  "  window-garden  books."  It  is 
a  somewhat  obscure  description,  which 
may  apply  to  Mr.  A.  0.  Benson,  but  seems 
hardly  suitablo  to  our  old  contributor  Dr. 
Jessopp,  whose  name,  by  tho  by,  is  misspelt 
here  and  elsewhere.  Wo  fail  to  find  Mr. 
E.  V.  Lucas  under  '  Humoui ,'  Mr.  H.  H. 
Davies  under  '  Drama,'  Dr.  Galton  under 
'  Anthropology,'  or  Mr.  G.  W.  Forrest 
under  Indian  History.  Why  have  a 
section    with    ono    namo    in     '  Abyssinian 


History '  and  omit  '  Political  History,'  of 
which  much  has  been  written  of  late  ?  Tho 
section  on  '  Journalism  '  is  ludicrously  inade- 
quate, as  is  that  on  '  Latin  Language  and 
Literature.'  We  doubt  whether  such  a  list  is 
desirable  ;  but  if  it  is,  much  more  pains  must 
be  taken  with  it  to  make  it  at  all  representa- 
tive. The  same  remark  applies  to  the  '  Direc- 
tory of  Authors.'  It  does  not  show  sufficient 
supervision.  The  knighthood  is  noticed, 
for  instance,  of  Sir  John  Laughton,  but 
why  not  Sir  W.  M.  Ramsay  and  Sir  John 
Rhys  ?  The  proof-reading  throughout  of 
names  has  not  been  well  done. 


THE  BOOK  SALES  OF  1907. 

ii. 

Not  many  sales  were  held  during  February, 
and  the  military  and  naval  works  belonging 
to  Major-General  Terry,  to  which  reference 
has  already  been  made,  were  almost  the  only 
books  sold  during  that  month  to  which 
particular  attention  need  be  directed.  On 
March  15th  and  following  day  one  of  those 
miscellaneous  sales  which  are  frequently 
productive  of  sensational  prices  brought  a 
total  of  nearly  13,000/.,  about  half  tho 
amount  being  obtained  from  manuscripts 
consisting  chiefly  of  mediaeval  service- 
books,  impossible  to  describe  in  a  few  words. 
The  autograph  MS.  of  "  Scots  wha  hae  wi' 
Wallace  bled,"  on  a  folded  sheet  of  8vo  paper 
is,  however,  more  tractable.  It  was  found 
in  an  old  scrapbook  belonging  to  the  late 
Mr.  A.  Hamilton,  and  realized  355?.  A 
number  of  poems  and  letters  sent  in  one 
packet  by  Burns  to  his  friend  and  patron 
Alexander  Frazer-Tytler  sold  for  365/., 
and  some  other  MSS.  in  the  handwriting  of 
the  poet  for  3501.  These  are  large  amounts, 
but  the  feature  of  this  sale  consisted  of  a 
number  of  extremely  scarce  and  valuable 
books  relating  to  Sir  Martin  Frobisher  and 
Sir  John  Hawkins.  What  was  described 
as  the  first  edition  in  English  of  Frobisher's 
first  voyage,  but  may  have  been  the 
second  edition  of  his  second  voyage,  1578, 
sold  for  1,000/.  (new  calf,  one  leaf  wanting)  ; 
the  first  edition  of  the  second  voyage,  1577, 
for  760/.  (modern  calf  extra)  ;  and  the 
original  separate  edition  of  Frobisher's  third 
and  last  voyage,  1578,  for  920/.  (calf  extra)  ; 
while  the  original  and  only  separate  edition 
of  Hawkins's  second  voyage,  1569,  made 
630/.  (new  calf).  These  four  small  8vo 
books,  by  no  means  in  ideal  condition,  con- 
sequently realized  the  very  large  sum  of 
3,310/.  At  this  sale  '  King  Glumpus  '  (seo 
The  Athenaeum  of  February  23rd,  1907, 
p.  225,  and  March  2nd,  p.  254)  fetched  153/.  ; 
The  Exquisites,'  another  farce  with  illus- 
trations (coloured  in  this  instance)  by 
Thackeray,  1839,  8vo,  76/.  ;  a  copy  of 
'  A  Relation  of  Maryland,'  1635,  small  4to, 
with  the  large  folding  map  (often  wanting)  by 
Cecil,  400/.  (unbound,  blank  leaf  missing)  ; 
'  Paradise  Lost,'  1667,  a  sound  copy  in  the 
original  sheep,  125/.  ;  and  a  copy  of  the 
first  edition  of  '  The  Vicar  of  Wakefield,' 
2  vols.,  Salisbury,  1766,  92/.  (old  calf). 
Original  editions  of  a  number  of  works  by 
Charles  Lamb  also  fetched  good  prices. 
These  were  '  The  Adventures  of  Ulysses,' 
1808,  8vo.  31/.  (original  boards  without 
label);  "Talcs  from  Shakespeare,'  2  vols., 
8vo,  1807,  22!.  (morocco  extra)  ;  '  Blank 
Verse,'  1798.  Svo,  30/.  (boards,  not  original)  ; 
and  '  John  Woodvil,'  1802,  8vo,  a  presenta- 
tion copy,  35/.  (original  boards). 

The  sale  held  by  Messrs.  Christie,  Manson 
&  Woods  on  March  20th  was  of  a  miscel- 
laneous character,  and,  as  often  happens  in 
the  King  Street  rooms,  many  of  the  books 
were  extra-illustrated  or  in  some  other 
way    investod     with    a     peculiar     interest  ; 


IJ 


T  II  E     A.T  II  KX;Kr  M 


No. 


U85,  Jan.  11,  lfl 


for  example,  the  '  Parthenia,'  1646,  which 
had  some  oontemporary  MS.  music  inserted 
at  the  end,  40/.  (old  oalf),  and  an  illustrated 
oopy  of  '  The  Bristol  Riots,  by  a  Citizen*' 
enlarged  to  f<»!i<>  riae.  This  realized  ■(*>/. 
(unbound).  The  library  of  the  late  Dr. 
William  Roots  of  Kingston-on-Thames,  and 
other  properties  sold  by  Messrs.  Hodgson  on 

March    20th    and    following    day,    consisted 

primarily   of  Americana  and  books  in  <>l<l 

bindings,  the  whole  fortified  by  several 
manuscripts,  extra-illustrated  books,  and 
works  relating  to  Napoleon.  The  MS. 
usod  for  setting  up  in  type  Thackeray's 
essay  on  George  11.  in  'The  Four  Georges' 
reached  81/.,  though  it  had  the  author's 
corrections  only,  and  was  not  otherwiso  in 
his  handwriting.  The  highest  amount 
obtained  for  any  of  the  Americana  was  36/. 
for  Theodore  de  Bry's  '  Grands  Voyages,1 
Parts  I.  to  IX.,  first  edition  (except  Part  VI., 
second  edition),  the  whole  in  2  vols,  folio 
(morocco  extra)  ;  and  it  is  worthy  of  note 
that  the  original  drawing  by  "  Phiz  "  to 
illustrate  the  Trial  Scene  in  '  Pickwick  ' 
sold  for  the  handsome  sum  of  50/. 

A  portion  of  the  library  of  the  late  Mr. 
George  Gray,  formerly  Clerk  of  the  Peace 
for  Glasgow,  immediately  preceded,  in 
point  of  date,  the  Van  Antwerp  sale  to 
which  reference  was  made  in  the  former 
article.  Though  of  nothing  like  the  same 
importance,  it  contained,  nevertheless,  some 
scarce  works,  for  instance,  Zachary 
Boyd's  'The  Garden  of  Zion '  and  'The 
Second  Volume  of  the  Garden  of  Zion,' 
together  2  vols,  small  8vo.,  1644,  fairly 
good  copies,  70/.  (morocco  extra)  ;  an 
autograph  letter  of  Burns  on  four  pages  4to, 
respecting  some  "  Daughters  of  Belial  " 
who  had  made  themselves  obnoxious  to  his 
landlady  by  singing  and  rioting  on  the  top 
floor  of  her  house  in  Edinburgh,  141/.  ; 
and  another  copy  of  the  Kilmarnock  Burns, 
1786,  bound  this  time  in  morocco  extra, 
260/.  At  this  sale  the  first  three  editions 
(1746-52-74)  of  the  poetical  trifle  by 
Dougal  Graham  (a  bellman  in  Glasgow) 
relating  to  the  Rebellion  of  1745  sold  for 
171/.,  the  published  price  of  the  three  tracts 
being  but  1*.  4JeZ.  The  first  edition,  that 
of  1746,  is  represented,  so  far  as  is  known, 
by  the  single  copy  sold  on  this  occasion,  and 
the  other  two  are  also  excessively  rare. 

This  brings  us  to  the  portion  of  the 
library  of  Sir  Henry  Mildmay  sold  at 
Sotheby's  on  April  18th  and  two  following 
days,  remarkable  chiefly  for  some  fine  illu- 
minated manuscripts.  Shakespeareana,  and 
a  nearly  perfect  copy  of  Gower's  '  Confessio 
Amantis,  printed  by  Caxton  in  1483.  This 
sold  for  310/.,  but  was  eclipsed  by  several 
of  the  Shakspeare  volumes.  Thus  a  very 
short  and  imperfect  copy  (12  in.  by  7i  in.) 
of  the  First  Folio  sold  for  680/.  ;  and"  the 
'  Sonnets,'  1609,  4to,  for  800/.  (much  cut 
down,  old  morocco).  This,  in  the  light  of 
the  2,000/.  obtained  by  private  sale  for  a 
copy  of  the  1612  edition  of  '  The  Passionate 
Pilgrime  '    about    twelve    months    ago,    was 

Eernaps  cheap.  The  total  amount  realized 
y  Sir  Henry  Mildmay's  sale  was  7,455/., 
some  illuminated  '  Horae  '  in  script  of  English 
execution,  but  with  Franco-Flemish  minia- 
tures and  docorations,  selling  for  as  much  as 
1,300/.,  or  more  than  a  sixth  of  tho  whole. 

Other  important  libraries  sold  about  this 
time,  to  which  reference  must  be  incident- 
ally made,  included  those  of  the  late  Mr. 
Samuel  Adams  of  Now  Barnet,  sold  by 
Messrs.  Futtick  &  Simpson  on  April  25th 
and  following  day  ;  Mr.  Robert  T.  Gill  of 
Brighton,  most  of  whose  books  were  in 
modern  and  expensive  bindings,  usually 
calf  or  morocco  extra,  frequently  with  gilt 
edges  and  inlaid  with  leather  of  various 
colours  ;    and  the  late  Mr.   Henry   Charles 


Harford,  the  laal  being  the  most  important, 
and  productive  of  some  high  prioi  i.  Seven 
tracts  bound  together,  including  the  'Journal 
oi  Klajor  Georgt  Washington, '  1764,  sold 
for  -in;,/,  (hall  oalf);  Roger  Willian 
'The   Bloudy  Tenet  of   Persecution,1    1644, 

and    "The    Bloody   Tenet    \d    more    I  Moody,' 

1662,  in  1  vol.,  4to,  40Z.  (calf);  'Hamlet,' 
printed  by  W.  S.  for  John  Bmethwicke,  n.d. 
(1636  7),  4to,  172/.  (unbound,  damaged); 
Thomas  Gabriel's  '  Historical  Account  of 
Pensilvania,'   lf>os,   k;o/.  (original  boards); 

and  a  folio  volume  comprising  Capt.  John 
Smith's  'True  Travels,'  1630,  Sir  Richard 
Hawkins's  '  Observations  on  his  Voyage 
into  the  South  Sea,'  1622,  and  Ligon's 
'  History  of  Barbados,'  1657,  100/.  (calf). 

The  selected  portion  of  the  libiary  of 
Mr.  W.  Bromley-Davenport  of  Chelford, 
which  was  sold  at  Sotheby's  on  May  10th 
and  Uth,  was  catalogued  in  378  lots,  realiz- 
ing some  4,570/.  Of  this  total  2,175/.  was 
obtained  for  ancient  MSS.  ;  and  three  collec- 
tions of  illuminated  miniatures  and  initial 
letters  cut  from  fourteenth-  and  fifteenth- 
century  MSS.,  and  mounted  in  scrap-books, 
fetched  410/.  The  printed  books  were  also 
extremely  important,  either  on  their  own 
account  or  for  special  reasons.  Queen 
Catherine  of  Aragon's  copy  of  Agrippas 
'  De  Incertitudine  et  Vanitate  Scientiarum,' 
1530,  small  4to,  realized  37/.  ;  the  '  Bas- 
timens  of  France,'  by  Androuet  du  Cerceau, 
2  vols.,  folio,  1576-9,  40/.  (original  French 
calf)  ;  a  copy  of  the  first  edition  of  Francesco 
Berlinghieri's  '  Geographia  '  (1481),  folio, 
77/.  (imperfect,  old  vellum)  ;  '  Le  Livre 
de  Jehan  Bocasse  de  la  Louenge  et  Vertu 
des  nobles  et  cleres  Dames,'  first  French 
edition,  Paris,  Verard  (1493),  112/.  (old  calf )  j 
and  an  imperfect  copy  of  the  first  edition  of 
the  '  Book  of  St.  Albans,'  1486,  consisting  of 
51  leaves  only  (instead  of  90),  61/.  (morocco). 

This  sale,  though  important,  was  put 
into  the  shade  by  that  held  on  May  31st 
and  following  day,  also  at  Sotheby's,  when 
moie  than  16,000/.  was  realized  for  a  com- 
paratively small  number  of  books.  The 
explanation  is  that  this  collection  comprised 
the  exact  kind  of  works  for  which  money 
does  not  appear  to  be  a  suitable  equivalent, 
that  is  to  say,  early  and  important  editions 
of  the  older  English  classics.  The  prices 
fetched  by  many  of  these  were  enormous, 
e.g.,  Shakspeare's  First  Folio,  1623,  2,400/.  ; 
the  Third  Folio,  first  issue,  having  the 
portrait  on  the  title  and  the  verses  opposite, 
1663  (instead  of  the  issue  1664),  1,550/.  ; 
John  Bale's  '  Tragedye  or  Enterlude  many- 
festing  the  Chefe  Promyses  of  God  unto 
Man,'  1538,  4to,  170/.  ;  the  same  author's 
'  A  Newe  Comedy  or  Enterlude  concerning 
Thre  Lawes,'  1562,  4to,  101/.  (damp -stained) ; 
the  '  Comedie  termed  after  the  Name  of 
the  Vice,  Common  Conditions,'  n.d.  (1576  ?), 
255/.  ;  '  Everie  Woman  in  her  Humour,' 
1609,  4to,  103/.  ;  Fulwell's  '  Like  will  to 
Like,'  1587,  4to,  101/.  ;  Greene's  '  George 
a  Greene,  the  Pinner  of  Wakefield,'  1599, 
4to,  109/.  ;  John  Hey  wood's  '  The  Four 
P's,'  Copland,  n.d.,  4to,  151/.;  John  Phillips's 
'  Pacient  and  Meeke  Grissill,'  n.d.,  4to, 
250/.  ;  '  The  First  Part  of  the  Contention 
betwixt  the  two  famous  Houses  of  Yorke 
and  Lancaster,'  1594,  4to,  tho  foundation 
of  Shakspeare's  '  Henry  VL,  Part  II.,' 
1,910/.;  'The  Merchant  of  Venice,'  1600, 
4to,  510/.;  'King  Lear,'  1608,  4to,  250/.; 
'  Hamlet,'  W.  S.  for  John  Smethwicke,  n.d., 
4to,  180/.;  'Arden  of  Faversham,'  1592, 
4to,  1,210/.  ;  and  others,  most  of  them 
unbound,  as  all  tho  above  were.  At  this 
salo  also  a  superb  copy  of  La  Fontaine's 
'Fables  Choisies,'  Paris,  1755-9,  4  vols., 
folio,  from  tho  library  of  the  Comto  d'Artois, 
sold  for  140/.  ;  tho  original  MS.,  in  3  vols., 
of  Sir  Walter  Scott's  '  History  of  Scotland  ' 


6101.  ;  a  complete  copy  of  Tfn  8nob,  eleven 
numbers  on  paper  of  various  colours,  1102.  ; 
an  imperfect  copy  of  Caxton'e  "The  Golden 

ode,'  ii  rn  oak  board 

and    Myron's    'Fugitive    Pieces'    of    1806, 

to   which   reference   was  made   in   the  former 

article,  182/.  (original  wrappers).  This  was 
Byron's  own  corrected  copy,  made  for  the 
published  edition  of  the  '  Hours  of  Idle- 
in  Imi7,  and  was  accompanied  by  a 
letter  of  directions  to  the  printers,  S.  &  J. 
Ridge  of  Newark — an  interesting  relic. 

Noting  en  passant  Sir  Francis  Seymour 
Hoden's  '  Etudes  a  l'Eau-forte,'  the  scries 
of  25  proof  etchings  on  China  paper,  1866, 
which  realized  200/.,  we  come  to  Mr.  Percy 
Fitzgerald's  large  collection  of  dramatic 
literature,  sold  at  Sotheby's  on  June  14th. 
The  total  readied  was  nearly  1,000/.,  though 
individual  prices  were  not  high,  most  of 
the  plays  having  been  bound  in  calf  or  half- 
calf,  and  often  cut  into.  The  copy  of 
Shakspeare's  First  Folio,  some  leaves  in 
facsimile  and  others  from  the  Second  Folio, 
sold  for  135/.  ;  the  first  collected  edition 
of  Beaumont  and  Fletcher's  '  Works,'  1647, 
folio,  for  28/.  ;  the  scarce  first  edition  of 
Dekker's  '  The  Whore  of  Babylon,'  1607, 
small  4to,  for  24/.  (defective  and  stained)  ; 
'  The  Two  Noble  Kinsmen,'  1634,  small  4to, 
for  25/.  10s.  (mended,  morocco)  ;  and  Sir 
John  Suckling's  '  The  Discontented  Colonell,' 
first  edition,  n.d.,  small  4to,  for  24/.  (boards). 
Mention  must  also  be  made  of  one  of  the 
four  large,  fine-paper  copies  of  Scott's 
'  Lay  of  the  Last  Minstrel,'  sold  on  the 
14th  of  June  for  72/.  This  copy  had  a 
drawing  and  also  a  MS.  poem  by  Scott 
inserted. 

The  remaining  portion  of  the  season, 
which  virtually  ended  on  July  27th,  was 
occupied  with  a  dozen  collections,  notably 
those  of  Mrs.  Craigie  ;  Mr.  Stuart  Samuel, 
already  referred  to  as  containing  some 
valuable  manuscripts ;  the  Dukes  of  Al- 
temps,  removed  from  Rome  ;  and  a  miscel- 
laneous assortment  sole,  on  July  26th  and 
27th,  including  some  Bronte  relics,  about 
which  much  was  written  at  the  time.  Of 
these,  Mr.  Samuel's  library  was  the  most 
important  ;  in  fact,  it  constituted  one  of 
the  most  interesting  sales  of  the  year.  It 
was  at  this  sale  that  Browning's  '  Pauline,' 
1833,  containing  a  long  autograph  note  by 
the  author,  brought  225/.  (morocco  extra)  ; 
and  the  8  parts  of  '  Bells  and  Pomegranates,' 
presentation  copies,  120/.  (two  covers  mis- 
sing). Mr.  Samuel  laid  great  stress  on  books 
containing  manuscript  alterations,  additions, 
and  inscriptions,  and  had  collected  a  large 
number  of  these  much-desired  volumes.  Such 
prices  as  70/.  for  '  Alice's  Adventures  in 
Wonderland,'  1865  ;  30/.  for  '  Through  the 
Looking-Glass,'  1872  :  45/.  for  Coleridge's 
'Sibylline  Leaves'  (1817);  99/.  for  'Bleak 
House  '  ;  and  53/.  for  Richardson's  '  Clarissa,' 
8  vols.,  1748,  besides  others  too  numerous 
for  mention,  were  all  justified  by  one  or 
other  of  the  highly  exceptional  circumstances 
to  which  reference  has  been  made. 

The  new  season,  which  opened  early  in 
October,  and  will,  following  the  usual  prac- 
tice, close  with  the  last  days  of  next  July, 
has,  even  thus  far,  been  productive  of  a  great 
deal.  A  number  of  books  from  the  library 
of  Macrcady  were  sold  on  October  21st  ; 
and  the  sale  of  a  portion  of  the  library 
of  tho  Earl  of  Sheffield  ;  some  scarce 
Americana  sold  by  Messrs.  Hodgson  on 
November  21st  ;  the  collection  of  works 
relating  to  Napoleon  disposed  of  by  the 
same  firm  on  December  10th;  and  above  all 
the  early  editions  of  Shakspeare  belonging 
to  Earl  Howe,  sold,  in  part  at  least,  by 
Messrs.  Sotheby  on  the  21st  of  the  same 
month,  will  be  well  within  the  memory, 
having    been    referred    to    recently    in    Tlie 


No.  4185,  Jan.  11,  1908 


THE    ATHENiEUM 


43 


Athenaeum.  There  would  be  little  use  in 
traversing  again  such  familiar  ground, 
and  all  that  need  now  be  said  of  these  sales 
is  that  they  accentuated  the  points  raised 
in  the  preceding  article,  and  singled  out 
the  fashionable  books  of  the  day,  for 
which  hardly  any  price  within  the  ever- 
widening  bounds  of  reason  can  be  considered 
too  high.  It  is  these  books,  and  the  often 
apparently  outrageous  prices  they  fetch 
all  over  the  country,  which  stimulate  a 
search  for  hidden  literary  treasure  in 
all  kinds  of  out-of-the-way  and  unsus- 
pected quarters.  This  search  results 
sometimes  in  the  discovery  of  exceed- 
ingly important  volumes,  which  have 
been  condemned  by  a  combination  of 
circumstances  to  a  lengthy  period  of  neg- 
lect, though  these  circumstances  may  be 
regarded  as  having  contributed  in  a  great 
measure  to  their  salvation.  Certain  it  is 
that  during  the  last  twelve  months  these 
books  of  great  price  have  come  from  some- 
where in  vastly  increased  numbers.  They 
have  swollen  the  average,  upset  calculations, 
and  fortified  a  decidedly  erroneous  belief 
that  old  books  of  whatever  kind  are  becoming 
the  exclusive  property  of  the  rich.  During 
the  last  twelve  months  some  160,000Z.  worth 
of  books  have  been  sold  in  the  London 
rooms,  and  in  this  estimate  are  not  included 
innumerable  products  of  third-  and  fourth- 
rate  sales,  which  have  been  advisedly  left 
unnoticed.  The  general  average  now  stands 
at  about  H.  5s.,  taking  one  lot  with 
another  the  year  through,  and  this  is  a 
notable  increase  on  the  preceding  average 
of  about  21.  12.s.  The  sudden  rise  is  entirely 
due  to  the  unusual  number  of  scarce  and 
important  books  of  which  I  have  spoken  as 
having  been  sold  during  the  year  just  come 
to  an  end.  J.  Herbert  Slater. 


'THE    LICENSED    TRADE.' 

The  Cathedral,  Manchester. 
YorjR  reviewer,  who  noticed  Mr.  Pratt's 
book  in  your  issue  of  January  4th,  has 
repeated  some  statements  of  his  author 
which  are  no  longer  true.  The  number  of 
Prohibition  States  in  America  is  not  now 
three,  but  six,  Georgia,  Oklahoma,  and 
Alabama  having  lately  adopted  Prohibition. 
It  is  highly  probable  'that  others  will  follow 
soon.  But  the  progress  of  temperance 
legislation  in  America  and  our  Colonies  is 
not  to  be  measured  by  the  rise  or  fall  of 
State  Prohibition.  Another  method,  that 
of  Local  Option,  has  been  found  a  readier 
and  sounder  plan,  under  which  vast  areas 
in  the  States  and  in  Canada  are  now  "  dry  " 
areas.  It  will  be  remembered  that  Local 
Option  is  the  plan  favoured  by  British 
reformers. 

I  am  anxious  that  your  readers  should 
know  the  exact  truth.  I  write  as  a  scholar 
and  as  a  reformer  also,  and  I  find  that 
literary  people  are,  as  a  class,  the  least 
acquainted  with  the  facts  and  arguments 
that  concern  temperanco  legislation. 

E.  L.  Hicks. 


JOHN    CUMMING    NIMMO. 

Mr.  John  C.  Nimmo,  whose  death  was 
briefly  recorded  in  The  Athenaeum  last  week, 
was  intimately  connected  with  tin-  publishing 
business,  for  he  Rained  his  experience  in 
the  firm  of  his  brother,  Mr.  William  ['. 
Nimmo,  and  was  allied  by  marriage  with  tho 
firms  of  Bartholomew,  Philip,  and  Whitaker. 
After  his  brother's  death  he  continued 
in  business  at  14,  King  William  Street, 
Strand,  in  partnership  with  Mr.  Bain,  until, 


after  a  short  time,  the  latter  left  Eng- 
land to  take  charge  of  the  Toronto  Library. 
From  the  year  1884  Mr.  Nimmo  managed 
his  business  alone,  and  applied  himself 
chiefly  to  the  production  of  library  editions 
and  elaborate  illustrated  works  produced 
with  scrupulous  finish.  Among  his  earlier 
publications  were  complete  editions  of  the 
chief  Elizabethan  dramatists,  edited  by 
Mr.  A.  H.  Bullen.  The  purchase  from 
Messrs.  Fawcett  of  Driffield  of  the  well- 
known  books  of  the  Rev.  F.  O.  Morris 
added  a  valuable  series  of  works  on  natural 
history  to  his  catalogue  ;  while  later, 
in  a  felicitous  moment  both  for  himself 
and  for  English  literature,  he  commissioned 
Mr.  J.  A.  Symonds  to  translate  Cellini's 
'  Autobiography,'  thus  initiating  a  friendly 
acquaintance  that  ended  only  with  Mr. 
Symonds's  life.  Mr.  Nimmo's  other  great 
achievement  was,  as  noted  last  week,  the 
issue  of  the  "  Border  Edition "  of  the 
Waverley  Novels,  under  the  editorship  of 
Mr.  Andrew  Lang,  with  a  large  number 
of  etched  illustrations  of  singular  merit.  The 
best  etchers  of  England  and  France  found  him 
a  liberal  patron,  since  no  one  else  used  the 
medium  for  book  illustration  so  freely  or  so 
well.  He  was  also  one  of  the  first  to  adopt 
consistently  the  net  system  of  publishing. 
In  later  years  failing  health  and  other 
troubles  impaired  Mr.  Nimmo's  activity, 
but  he  deserves  to  be  remembered  as  one 
who  really  loved  books,  and  spared  neither 
his  energies  nor  his  money  to  make  his 
publications  perfect.  C.  J.  H. 


SHAKESPEARE'S   BIRTHPLACE 
TRUST. 

January  3rd,  1908. 

I  think  the  public  will  be  interested  to 
learn  that  the  Trustees  of  Shakespeare's 
Birthplace  have  just  succeeded  in  adding 
to  their  collections  two  rare  editions  of 
Shakespeare's  works,  to  take  their  place 
beside  the  two  equally  rare  volumes  which 
were  acquired  last  year.  The  Trustees 
have  now  purchased  perfect  copies,  in 
admirable  condition,  of  the  original  edition 
(in  quarto)  of  Shakespeare's  '  A  Midsummer 
Night's  Dream,'  1600,  and  of  the  second 
edition  (in  quarto)  of  '  The  Merry  Wives 
of  Windsor,'  1619. 

The  recent  history  of  these  newly-acquired 
quartos  increases  the  interest  normally 
attaching  to  such  bibliographical  rarities. 
The  two  volumes  long  formed  part  of  the 
famous  Rowfant  Library  of  Frederick 
Locker-Lampson.  It  will  be  remembered 
that  in  1904  the  whole  of  that  splendid 
collection  was,  to  tho  general  regret,  sold 
to  a  bookseller  of  New  York,  who  subse- 
quently disposed  of  the  Shakespearoana 
to  an  American  connoisseur.  But  the 
migration  proved  temporary.  In  the  spring 
of  last  year  the  American  collector  resold 
most  of  the  Locker-Lampson  Shakespeareana 
in  London.  Among  the  volumes  tliat 
were  then  offered  for  sale  were  the  two  which 
have  now  become  the  property  of  the 
Trustoes,  and  are,  in  virtue  of  that  transfer 
of  ownership,  now  dedicated  in  perpetuity 
to  tho  use  of  the  British  public.  Tho 
Trustees  believe  that  the  British  public 
will  share  their  satisfaction  in  bringing 
the  maritiino  wanderings  of  these  rare 
memorials  of  Shakespeare's  work  to  a  happy 
termination  on  this  sido  of  the  Atlantic, 
and  in  thus  providing  at  least  two  of  Locker- 
Lampson's  Shakespearean  quartos  with  a 
permanent  haven  in  this  country. 
Sidney  Lee, 
Chairman  of  the  Kxecutivo  Committee, 
Shakespeare's  Birthplaco  Trustees. 


THE    DOUGLAS    CAUSE. 

Fox  Oak,  Hersham,  Surrey. 
In  the  course  of  a  very  complimentary 
criticism  of  my  book  '  The  Story  of  a  Beauti- 
ful Duchess,'  your  reviewer  (Athen.,  Dec.  28) 
puts  the  pertinent  question,  "  Why  should 
Lady  Jane  Douglas  have  burdened  herself 
with  twins ....  when  a  single  baby  would 
have  answered  her  purpose  ?  "  and  since 
the  same  idea  may  occur  to  others  who  read 
my  account  of  this  most  extraordinary 
mystery,  I  trust  I  shall  be  allowed  to  add  a 
few  words  of  explanation.  The  reason  why 
I  do  not  "  grapple  with  that  point  "  is,  I 
believe,  a  sound  one.  Usually,  no  conjecture 
is  more  likely  to  prove  fallacious  than  that 
which  seeks  to  impute  a  logical  motive  to 
the  great  criminal,  and  it  seems  to  me 
preferable,  when  possible,  to  elucidate  the 
crime  rather  than  to  indulge  in  psychological 
speculations.  Once  upon  a  time  a  young 
girl  was  accused  of  poisoning  a  discarded 
lover,  the  motive  alleged  by  the  prosecution 
being  that  she  wished  to  prevent  him  from 
making  public  some  compromising  letters. 
Was  she  actuated  by  this  irrational  incentive? 
and  did  she  not  realize  that  if  she  killed  the 
man  the  fatal  correspondence  must  be  read 
by  the  person  who  took  charge  of  his  effects  ? 
On  another  occasion  a  guardian  was  indicted 
for  the  murder  of  his  ward,  who  had  assigned 
to  him  a  life-assurance  policy  or  had  made 
a  will  in  his  favour.  At  first  sight  the  motive 
appears  obvious.  Yet  must  not  the  accused 
have  known — for  he  was  a  shrewd  man  of 
the  world — that  the  youth  was  under  age, 
and  thus  his  signature  on  a  legal  document 
was  worthless  ?  Since  learned  tribunals 
have  been  puzzled  to  decide  whether  or  not 
there  was  a  motive  for  the  crime  in  these 
particular  instances  (and  it  is  possible  to 
cite  a  score  of  similar  ones),  I  hesitated  to 
form  conjectures  that  seemed  equally  danger- 
ous, and  were  quite  unnecessary. 

Of  course  Lady  Jane  Douglas  had  a 
motive  in  wishing  for  offspring.  She  ac- 
knowledged that  this  was  the  object  of  her 
marriage.  Her  brother  had  told  her  that 
they  would  be  his  heirs.  It  was  the  best 
way  of  obtaining  his  forgiveness.  But 
though  this  motive  was  strong,  it  would 
be  unfair  to  urge  it,  merely  on  suspicion, 
unless  there  was  evidence  that  she  had 
adopted  supposititious  children.  The  chain 
of  evidence,  however,  is  a  tough  one,  as, 
I  believe,  readers  of  my  book  will  admit  ;  and 
it  appears  superfluous  to  offer  conjectures 
with  regard  to  subsidiary  motives  that 
might  possibly  weaken,  and  could  not 
strengthen,  a  strong  case.  Still,  as  your 
reviewer  has  suggested  that  my  work  in 
this  respect  is  defective,  I  will  make  good 
the  omission,  and  try  to  imagine  why 
Jane  Douglas  "  burdened  herself  with 
twins ....  when  a  single  baby  would  have 
answered  her  purpose." 

1.  It  was  better  to  choose  twins  in  caso 
one  child  should  die.  This  foresight  was 
justified  by  events.  One  of  the  children 
did  die. 

2.  The  arrival  of  twins  would  seem  more 
plausible,  for  people  would  say  that,  although 
it  was  conceivable  that  a  woman  might  adopt 
one  child,  it  was  unlikely  she  would  be  able 
to  beg,  borrow,  or  steal  two  children.  No 
great  criminal  lacks  audacity. 

3.  It  is  not  certain  (hat  she  contemplated 
the  adoption  of  two  children.  From  the 
first  she  had  contrived  a,  loophole.  If  tho 
Duke  of  Douglas  had  forgiven  her  at  once, 
she  would  have  been  able  to  say  that  the 
delicate  Sholto  had  died. 

4.  She  may  have  thought  that  the  presence 
of  twins  would  mako  her  situation  inoro 
pathetic. 

5.  It  would  appear  that  she  did  not  tell 
her  friends  of  the  birth  until    three  or  four 


II 


T  II  E    A  T  II  E  \  M  i'  M 


No.   U85,  -Ian.  11.1 


diiys  after  the  adoption  "f  the  boy  Archibald. 
During  that  time  i1  may  have  been  thought 
that  be  <li<l  noi  bear  sufficient  reeemblanee 
to  herseli  or  bar  husband.  Eenoe  1 1 1 « -  story 
of  twins,  bo  as  to  give  the  opportunity   of 

finding  a  inure  Buitable  child. 

<i.  History  shows  that  the  oraftiest 
criminals  make  the  greatest  blunders.  Thus, 
intent  upon  ber  orune,  she  may  not  have 
realised  what  a  great  burden  she  was  taking 

Up.    Having  once  put  her  hand  to  the  plough, 

she  was  obliged  to  go  on.     Still,  she  did  not 

bunion    berself    with    the    second    child    till 

just  before  her  return  to  England  to  play 
her  grand  coup. 

Any  of  these  conjectures  are  as  credible  as 

tin-  contention  that  she  could  not  havo 
adopted  two  children  because  fiho  would 
deem  one  sufficient.  Moreover,  it  is  unfair 
to  contend  that  the  case  for  the  prosecution 
is  weakened  because  the  motives  of  the 
accused  reveal  a  lack  of  perspicuity. 

Your  reviewer  pays  an  ill  compliment  to 
my  lucidity  when  he  speaks  of  the  need  of 
"  hush-money."  Lady  Jane  Douglas  con- 
cealed her  identity  when  she  took  the 
children.  She  may  have  bought  the  first 
from  the  poor  Mignons,  but  in  either  case 
it  would  have  been  absurd  to  attempt  a 
bribe.     She  placed  her  trust  in  secrecy. 

Finally,  I  should  like  to  add  that  in  my 
account  of  this  strange  mystery  I  do  not 
claim  to  have  proved  beyond  the  possibility 
of  doubt  that  thechildrenweresupposititious, 
but  I  do  claim  to  have  proved  that  the 
claimant  Archibald  Douglas  did  not  establish 
his  birthright,  and  that  the  verdict  of  the 
Court  of  Session  was  a  just  one. 

Horace  Bleackley. 


LIST  OF  NEW  BOOKS. 
ENGLISH. 

Theology. 
Authority  in  Religious  Belief,  and  other  Essays,  2/  net. 

These  essays  have  already  been  published  separately  as 

'  Unitarian  Tracts,'  and  are  by  twelve  authors. 
Bush  (J.),  A  Memorial,  2/6  net.     Edited  by  his  Wife  -with  a 

brief  Memoir  by  the  Rev.  Arthur  Hoyle. 
Cheetham  (S.),  A  History  of  the  Christian  Church  since  the 

Reformation,  10/6 
Churchman's    Penny    Library:     About    some    Favourite 

Hymns,   by  P.   P.   K.    Skipton ;    Songs    of    Dawn,  by 

A.  R.  G.  ;   Thoughts  on  some  of   the  Collects,  by  E 

Romanes,  Id.  each. 
Congregational  Year-Book,  1908,  2/6 
International  Journal  of  Apocrypha,  January,  dd.  net 
Maclaren  (A.),  The  Second  Book  of  Kings  from  Chap  VIII 

and  the  Books  of  Chronicles,  Ezra,  and  Neheniiah,  7/6 

In  Expositions  of  Holy  Scripture. 
Mauro  (P.),  The  World  and  its  God,  1/.    Second  Edition 
Peabody  (F.  G.),  Mornings  in  the  College  Chapel,  Second 

Series,  5/  net. 
Schofteld  (A.  T),  Christian  Sanity,  3/6 
Scott  (Rev.    A.   Boyd),    Pilgrim's    Passage.      Eight    short 

addresses. 
Smith  (EM.),  The  Mystery  of  Three,  3/6.     A  Bible  study. 
Whitworth  (Rev.  W.  A.),  The  Sanctuary  of  God,  and  other 
„..,  sermons,  4/G  net.     Edited  by  Willoughby  Carter. 
WilUuns  (Rev.  C.  R.),  Arrows  shot   at  a  Venture,  2/6 net 

Essays  on  literary  ami  religious  subjects. 
Fine  Art  and  Archaeology. 
American  Annual  of  Photography,  1908,  3/ 
Arundel  Club  Publications,  1907,  21/.     Among  the  contents 

are  two  works  by  Velasquez,  which  were  supposed   for 

some  rears  to  lie  lost. 
Oroot  (C.  Hofstede  de)  and  Valentiner  (Dr.  W.  R.),  A  Cata- 
logue Rusonne  of  the   Works  of  the   Most   Eminent 
Dutch  Painters  of  the  Seventeenth  Century,  Vol.  I.,  25/ 

net.     Based  on  the  work  of  John  Smith.'    Translated 

and  edited  by  Edward  G.  Hawke. 
Joncs(E.  A.),  The  Old  Silver  Sacramental  Vessels  of  Foreign 
I'n.testant  Churches  in  England,  21/  net.  Illustrated 
with  full-page  plates. 
Masterpieces  of  Holbein  the  Younger,  <W.  net.  Sixtyrepro- 
duet  ions  of  photographs  from  the  originals,  principally 
by  I'.  Ilanfstaengl.  v      ' 

New  (E  II.),  Twenty  Drawings  of  Sir  Christopher  Wren's 
(  hureties,  5/ 

Palestine   Exploration  Fund,   Quarterly   Statement,  Janu- 
ary, •.•  8  *  ' 

Tinworth  ((!.),  Krom  Sunset  to  Sunset  :  Our  Saviour's   Last 

pay  of  Suffering,  1/.    Represented  in  11  panels,  with 

illustrative  texts  of  prophecy  and  fulfilment. 
Poetry  and  Drama. 
Colum  (PA  Wild  Earth,  1/  net.     A  book  of  verse. 
Cousins  (. I.  II.),  The  Awakening,  and  ot  her  Sonnets,  1/ 

Darley  (<;.),  The  Complete  Poetical  Works,  1/  net  Re- 
printed from  the  original  editions  in  the  possession  of 
the  Darley  family,  and  edited  with  an  Introduction  by 
Ramsay  Colles  m  the  .Muses'  Library.  For  notice  of 
Darley's  'Nepenthe,'  see  Allien.,  Sept.  18,  1897,  p.  377. 


1         1  .I.  1.  s. ,|.      1 ,    .  .   i,\  riqasL    Mis  n  Vm 

p  >r  Jean  rUchepin. 

ithmhaoil  (H  >.  The  Qllly  of  Christ,  1/  net.   With  three 

symbols  bi  A    M    Wentworth  Sboilds. 
Morris  (Sir  Lewis),  Works,  6/.     New  Edition. 
Mullin  (I.),   The  Lands  of  the  Moon  and  other  Poena, 

net. 

I'm i.-  (.).),  The  Crooning!  of  ■  Cowboy,  and  dUmi  \'  1 

1     net. 

Poets  and  the  Poetry  of  the  Nineteenth  Century  :  Humour 
George  Crabbe  to  Edmund  R  v.  Christian,  I/O  net. 

New  Edition.     Edited  bj  Alfred  11.  Miles. 
Robinson  (A.  c ),  Launcelol  and  Guenever,  1/  net. 
Shakespeare:  King  John, Kins; Richard  11  ,  7/B  net  each. 

Renaissance  Edition, 

Ways  of  God,   I"',    net.     One    hundred  poems  on   the  great 

problems  of  existence,  selected  by  Adam  L  Gtowi 

Music. 

Guild  of  Play  Booh  Of  festival  and  Dance,  Written  by 
G.T.  Kinunins,  Dances  arranged  by  M.  H.  Woolnoth,  .'./ 

Oldmeailow  (E),  Great  Musicians,  3/0  net.  With  32  illus- 
tration-. 

Bibliography. 

Catalogue  of  the  Pamphlets,  Books,  Newspapers,  and 
Manuscripts  relating  to  the  Civil  War,  the  Common- 
wealth, and  Restoration,  collected  by  George  Thomason, 
1640-1661,  2  vols.,  30/ 

Gray  (G.  J.),  A  Bibliography  of  the  Works  of  Sir  Isaac 
Newton,  5/net.  Also  contains  a  listof  books  illustrating 
liis  works,  with  notes.    Enlarged  Edition. 

Wenckstern  (I'r.  von),  Bibliography  of  the  Japanese 
Empire,  Vol.  II.,  1894-1906.  A  classified  list  of  the 
literature  in  European  languages  relating  to  Japan,  with 
a  list  of  the  Swedish  literature  on  that  country  by  Miss 
Yalfrid  Palmgren. 

Political  Economy. 

Gibson  (A.  H.),  Bank  Rate :  The  Banker's  Vade  Mecum, 
2/6  net. 

History  and  Biography. 

Baring-Gould  (Rev.  S.)  and  Fisher  (Rev.  J.),  The  Lives  of 
the  British  Saints,  Vol.  I.,  10/6.  Treats  of  the  saints  of 
Wales  and  Cornwall,  and  such  Irish  saints  as  have 
dedications  in  Britain. 

Brown  (R.),  Notes  on  the  Earlier  History  of  Bart  on -on- 
Humber,  Vol.  II.,  15/ net. 

Clarke  (William) :  a  Collection  of  his  Writings,  with  a 
Biographical  Sketch,  7/6.  The  volume,  which  is  edited 
by  Herbert  Burrows  and  John  A.  Hobson,  is  divided 
into  three  sections:  Political  Essays,  Appreciations, 
and  Culture  and  Criticism. 

Gilson  (Capt.  C.  J.  L.),  History  of  the  1st  Battalion  Sher- 
wood Foresters  (Notts  and  Derby  Regiment)  in  the  Boer 
War,  5/  net.  With  Introduction  by  Lieut. -General 
Sir  H.  L.  Smith-Dorrien,  10  plans,  and  4  portraits. 

Gosse  (Edmund),  Ibsen,  3/6.     In  Literary  Lives  Series. 

Green  (Mrs.  J.  R.),  Town  Life  in  the  Fifteenth  Century, 
2  vols.,  20/ net. 

Hughes  (T),  History  of  the  Society  of  Jesus  in  North 
America,  Colonial  and  Federal,  Vol.  I.  Part  I.  21/  net. 
Documents,  1605-1838. 

Perry  (B),  John  Greenleaf  Whittier,  3/6  net.  A  sketch  of 
his  life,  with  selected  poems. 

Sainsbury  (E.  B.),  A  Calendar  of  the  Court  Minutes,  <tc,  of 
the  East  India  Company,  1635-9,  12/6  net.  With  Intro- 
duction and  notes  by  William  Foster. 

Schurz  (C  ),  Abraham  Lincoln,  42/  net.  A  biographical 
essay. 

Wister  (O.),  The  Seven  Ages  of  Washington,  8/6  net.  An 
illustrated  biography. 

Geography  and  Travel. 

Haggard    (H.    Rider),    A  Winter   Pilgrimage,    3/6.      New 

Edition.    For  former  notice  see  Athen.,  Nov.  9,  1901, 

p.  623. 
International  Geography  (The),   by  Seventy  Authors,  15/. 

Edited  by  Hugh  Robert  Mill,  with  489  illustrations. 
Jesse  (Louie),  Historical  Games  for  Children,  3/6 

Education. 

School  World,  1907,  7/6  net.  A  monthly  magazine  of 
educational  work  and  progress. 

Philology. 

Harry  (J.  E.),  Problems  in  the  Prometheus.  In  University 
Studies  of  the  University  of  Cincinnati. 

Thimin  (Capt.  C.  A.),  Egyptian  Self-Taught  (Arabic),  2/. 
Contains  alphabet  and  pronunciation,  vocabularies, 
<Sc.    Third  Edition,  revised  by  Major  R.  A.  Marriott. 

School-Books. 
Black's  Picture  Lessons  in  English,   Book  III.  6d.     With 

14  illustrations  in  colour. 
Carter  (M.   E.),  The  Groundwork  of  English  History,  2/. 

In  the  University  Tutorial  Series. 
Endecott  (F.  C),  A  School  Course  in  Physics  :  Light  and 

Sound,  2/6 
Joppen  (C),  Historical  Atlas  of  India,  3/  net.     For  the  use 

of  High  Schools,  Colleges,  and  private  students. 
Macmillan's    Supplementary    Headers-  Senior   Adventures 

of  Robinson  Crusoe  ;  Tanglewood  Tales  ;  Intermediate 

— Ali   Baba;  Fables  from    JSsop  and  Others;  Story  of 

Sinbad   the  Sailor:  Junior— Fairy  Tales,   I.   and   II.  j 

Tales  from  Andersen,  id.  each. 
Mitchell  (<i-  W.),  An  Introduction  to  Latin  Prose,  3/6 
Nesfield  (.1.  C),  Key  to  Aids  to  the  Study  and  Composition 

of  English,  4/6  net. 

Science. 
American  Institute  of   Engineers:   the  Ontario   Meeting, 

and    their    Tour   through    the    Districts  of  Cobalt,  Sud- 

burv,  and  Moose  Mountain,  5/  net. 
GOWans'S  Nature  Hooks  :   Pond  anil    Stream  Life,  by  W.  B. 

and  S.  C.  Johnson  ;  Wild  Birds  at  Home,  Third  Series, 

by  C.  Kirk,  Gd.  net  each. 
Roscoe    (II-    E.)    and    Sehorlemnu'r    (C),    A    Treatise    on 

Chemistry,  80/  net.    Vol.  II.  The  Metals.  New  Edition. 

for  review  of  Vol.  I.  see  Athen.,  Sept.  9,  IMS,  p.  ML 
Russell    (W),    Arterial    Hyperlonus,    Sclerosis    and    Blood 

Pressure,  7/0  net. 

Stansbie  (J.    If),    Iron  and  Steel,   6/  net.     In  the   West- 
minster Series. 

Stevens  (W.  C),  Plant  Anatomy,  10/0  net. 


./w.  n, I.    liniikt. 
•  »e   Fairy  Tales,  W.  1 
Ball  and  others  in  Gowas     I  tkmal  Library. 

Hi  nposU  for  children,  by  a  Oraadmotbei  1      Arated. 

Fiction. 
L  6/ 
Blyth    (J.),    K11I. ma,    8/        With    coloured    '  •     by 

Penrbyn  SUtnlaws 
Cleeve  (Lucas),  A  Won  y,  6/ 

(Carlton),  One  fair  Kiieiny,  6/ 
lor-ter  (K.   II.),  A  Vtlniral,  C/ 

■ 

Gould  (N.),  A  Hundred  to  O  NewRdiU 

Hume  (Ferfjus),  l  be  Sat  re.i  Herb,  6/ 

Hue  (Cutcliffe),  McTodd,  I  Edition.     For  former 

notice  see  Allien.,  Sept.    | 

Mal\erv(0.  ('.),  The  Speculator,  8/.     A  story  of  modern  life 

ana  society. 
Meade  (L.  i).  Little  Josephine,  c/.    With  coloured  frontU- 
by  1    1    Sberie, 

Ritchie  (Mrs    I),  c,.).  Man  and  the  Cassock,  6/ 
Shift]  (M.  P.),  The  White  Weddia| 

General  Literature. 
Bodleian  Library'  Staff-Kalendar,  1908. 
family   Recorder.     A  neatly  planned  book  of  forms  for  re- 

cordinj  persona]  history,  arranged  by  sir  William  BulL 
Humane  Review,  January,  1/ 
Local   Government  Directory,  Almanac,  and  Guide,  1908, 

8/6 
Magna,   Queen   of  Slieba,  5/.     Now   first  translated   into  a 
European    tongue    from   the   Ancient   Royal    Abyssinian 
manuscript,  '  The  Glory  of  the  Kinds'  by  Hughes  \m  Roui, 
and  into  English  by  Mrs.  John   Van   Vor>t.     Illustrated 
by  an  Abyssinian  artist. 
More  (K.  Mervin),  Despatches  from  Ladies'  Clubland,  8/ 
Mount  Tom  :  an  All  Outdoors  Magazine,  August -September, 

12  numbers,  1  dol. 
Peat's  Fanner's  Diary  and  Account  Book,  1908,  3/ 
St.  Bride  Foundation  Institute,  Bride  Lane,   E.C.,  Twelfth 

Report,  1/ 
Shaw  (A.),   Political  Problems  of  American  Development, 

7/6  net.     Columbia  University  Lectures. 
Short  Passages  from  the  Works  of  Carlyle,  2/6  net.    Selected 

by  Sarah  Spencer. 
Spectator,    Vol.    V.,    1/    net.       With    Introduction     and 

notes  by    George    A.   Aitken.      In    Routledge's    New 

Universal  Library. 
Woman  ami  the  Wise,  3/0  net.      Collected  and  edited  by 

G.  F.  Monkshood. 
Yates    (L.     IL),    Business    Matters    for   Women    Simply 

Explained,  1/  net. 

Pamphlets. 
Jeffery(G.),  A  Summary  of  the  Architectural  Monuments 

of    Cyprus  (chiefly  "Mediieval    and    Later):    Part    VL 

Kyrenia  District,   4rf.     A  contribution  to  the  general 

archaeological  survey  of  the  island. 
Religion  and    the  Church.      A    letter  to    a  friend    from 

Auckland,  N.Z. 
Toyokuni  (U.   I.),  Japanese  Colour  Prints  in  the  National 

Art  Library,  Victoria  and  Albert  Museum,  lj<f.    Cata- 
logue, with  3  illustrations. 

FOREIGN. 

Theology. 
Feret  (Abbe  P.),  La  Faculte  de  Theologie  de  Paris  et  ses 

Docteurs  les  plus  cedebres  :  Vol.  V.  Dix-septieme  Siecle, 

Revue  litteraire,  7fr.  50. 
Krautlein  (Dr.  J.),  Die  sprachlichen  Verschiedenheiten  in 

den  Hexateuchfjuellen  :  ein  Beit  rag  zuin  Sprachbeweis 

in  der  Literarkntik  des  Alten  Testaments,  lm.  50. 
Fine  Art. 
Ansstellungs-Jahrbuch,  Parts  5  and  6,  3m.  20. 
Vita  d'  Arte :  Rivista  mensile  d'  Arte  antica  e  niodema, 

No.  1,  3  lire. 

Fiction. 
Fravcourt  (P.),  Dupecus,  3fr.  50. 

Lavauzelle  (A.  C),  Paillardises  d'antan,  2fr.    Tliird  Edition. 
Madol,  Journal  d'un  Mannequin,  3fr.  50. 
Veber  (P.),  Les  belles  Histoires,  3fr.  50. 

*."  All  Books  receiivd  at  the  Office  up  to  Wednesday 
Morning  rrill  be  included  in  this  List  unless  previously 
noted.  l^iblishers  are  requested  to  state  prices  tchen 
sending  Books. 


lEiterarg  (Bnssip, 

Mr.  Unwin  will  publish  very  soon  a 
study  of  '  The  Novels  of  George  Meredith,' 
by  Mr.  E.  E.  J.  Bailey.  Its  object  is  to 
show  the  analogies  between  Mr.  Meredith's 
work  and  that  of  earlier  novelists,  and 
to  illuminate  its  growth  and  aims. 

Miss  Eleanor  G.  Hayden  has  just 
completed  a  new  volume,  entitled  '  Islands 
of  the  Vale.'  It  deals  with  the  history, 
past  and  present,  of  some  half-a-dozen 
villages  in  a  sequestered  tract  of  one  of 
the  Home  Counties,  and  is  enlivened  with 
local  gossip  and  rustic  comedy.  The  book, 
which  Messrs.  Smith  &  Elder  hope  to 
publish  in  April  or  May,  will  be  illustrated 
by  Mr.  J.  M.  Macintosh. 


No.  4185,  Jan.  11,  1908 


THE     ATHENAEUM 


45 


Mr.  J.  L.  Garvin,  till  lately  editor  of 
The  Outlook,  has  become  editor  of  The 
Observer,  with  a  proprietary  interest. 

'  A  Family  Chronicle  '  is  the  title  of 
a  volume  which  Mr.  Murray  publishes 
during  the  coming  week.  It  is  a  history 
of  three  generations  of  Englishwomen, 
and  is  based  on  notes  and  letters  collected 
by  Barbarina,  Lady  Grey.  It  covers  a 
period  of  about  a  hundred  years,  and 
contains  reminiscences  of  Fanny  Kemble, 
Bulwer  Lytton,  Lord  Lynedoch,"  Bobus  " 
Smith,  and  others  who  shone  in  society 
and  the  world  of  letters  during  the  last 
century. 

Mr.  Murray  has  also  in  the  press  a  new 
novel  by  Miss  Macnaughtan,  entitled 
1  The  Three  Miss  Grsemes,'  which  will  be 
published  shortly.  It  is  a  study  of  three 
girls  and  their  aunt.  Miss  Macnaughtan's 
earlier  novels,  '  The  Lame  Dog's  Diary  ' 
and  '  The  Expensive  Miss  DuCane,'  are 
now  issued  by  Mr.  Murray. 

A  correspondent  writes  : — 

"  It  does  not  seem  to  have  been  observed 
that  the  view  which  is  taken  in  your  notice 
last  week  of  '  Father  and  Son,'  that  the 
1  Father  '  in  the  book  is  an  illustration  of 
the  fact  that  '  Puritanism  never  has  known, 
and  never  will  know,  how  to  deal  with 
children  except  by  making  them  prigs,' 
is  not  at  all  borne  out  by  a  very  interesting 
paper,  full  of  humour  and  knowledge  of 
boy  life,  and  not  at  all  priggish  or  Puritanical, 
in  Longman's  Magazine,  March,  1889, 
pp.  512-24,  by  the  late  Mr.  Philip  Henry 
Gosse,  F.R.S.,  on  '  A  Country  Day-School, 
Seventy  Years  Ago.'  The  stories  of  school 
life  therein  show  that  the  writer  thorougly 
understood  it,  and  make  the  reader  wonder 
if  the  '  Father  '  did  not  understand  the 
'  Son  '  better  than  the  Son  now  thinks  he 
did,  and  was  quite  so  severe  or  mirthless 
as  the  book  would  make  one  fancy." 

Messrs.  Kegan  Paul  &  Co.  have  in 
the  press,  and  will  issue  shortly,  a  new 
volume  of  poems  by  Mr.  William  Gerard, 
the  author  of  '  Dolcino  '  and  other  verse. 

A  new  monthly  magazine  for  book- 
lovers,  The  Bibliophile,  is  announced  for 
March  next,  with  offices  at  Thanet  House, 
Strand.  A  good  list  of  supporters  is 
published,  and  the  names  range  from  Lord 
Burghclere  to  Mr.  George  Wyndham, 
M.P.,  and  from  Mr.  F.  T.  Bullen  to  Mr. 
Arthur  Symons,  the  writers  with  special 
knowledge  of  books  including  Mr.  Cyril 
Davenport,  Mr.  Sidney  Lee,  Mr.  A.  W. 
Pollard,  and  Mr.  H.  B.  Wheatley.  The 
price  of  the  magazine  is  to  be  sixpence. 

Rumour  has  been  busy  for  some  time 
over  the  fate  of  the  post  of  Historiographer 
Royal  for  Scotland,  rendered  vacant  by 
the  death  of  Prof.  Masson.  A  final 
decision  has  now  been  made  in  favour 
of  the  continuance  of  this  modest  post 
with  its  180Z.  a  year  ;  and  the  names 
most  discussed  in  connexion  with  the 
appointment  are  those  of  Prof.  Hume 
Brown,  Mr.  Andrew  Lang,  Dr.  Hay  Flem- 
ing, and  Mr.  It.  S.  Rait. 

Mr.  James  Watson  writes  from 
Peebles  : — 

"  In  reviewing  Dr.  Patrick's  'Statutes  of 
tho  Scottish  Church  '  you  question  whether 
the  word  '  wane,'  as  found  in  'The  Three 
Priests   of    Peebles,'    moans    to   curse  ;     and 


you  suggest '  vary  '  as  its  proper  signification. 
Your  suggestion  is  plausible,  if  the  first 
occurrence  of  the  word  in  the  poem  is  only 
taken  into  consideration  ;  but  the  word  is 
repeated  with,  apparently,  a  very  different 
meaning.  When  the  '  cunning  dark,'  ap- 
pointed by  the  clergy  to  answer  the  King's 
question,  is  about  to  discharge  the  duty 
laid  on  him,  he  repeats  the  question,  and 
varies  the  lines  you  quoted,  thus  : — 

And  quhair  foir  now  al  that  cuir  can  warie, 
Methink  ye  mene  quairfoir  sa  may  not  we? 

That  is,   the  clergy  or  bishop  cannot  now 

heal  the  sick  and  comfort  the  sorrowful,  as  in 

olden  times.     The  '  dark's  '  answer  further 

shows  that  this  is  the  meaning  attached  to 

'  warie  '  in  the  poem.     He  says  : — 

Tims,  greit,  excellent  King  !  the  Halie  Gaist, 

Out  of  your  men  of  gude  away  is  cheeist ; 

And,  war  not  that  doutles  I  yow  declair, 

That  now  as  than  wald  hail  (heal)  baith  seik  and  sair? 

We  regret  to  notice  the  death  of  Mr. 
William  Carnie,  of  Aberdeen,  whose  name 
has  been  familiar  in  literary  and  musical 
circles  all  over  Scotland  for  more  than 
half  a  century.  His  '  Northern  Psalter,' 
issued  before  the  Churches  had  provided 
official  collections  of  their  own,  proved 
the  most  successful  book  of  psalm  and 
hymn  tunes  ever  published  in  Scotland. 
He  was  connected  with  the  Aberdeen 
press  for  many  years,  and  three  volumes 
of  his  '  Reporting  Reminiscences '  were 
published  recently.  His  little  volume  en- 
titled '  Waifs  of  Rhyme  '  depicted  happily 
Scottish  rural  life  and  character.  Mr. 
Carnie's  portrait,  painted  by  Sir  George 
Reid,  and  now  in  the  Aberdeen  Art 
Gallery,  was  publicly  subscribed  for  some 
years  ago. 

Arrangements  are  in  progress  for 
new  lectureships  at  Edinburgh  University 
in  Geography  and  Economic  History, 
and  Mercantile  Law.  Mr.  W.  Warde 
Fowler  has  been  appointed  Gifford  Lec- 
turer, as  from  October,  1909. 

The  privately  printed  book  on 
'  Brougham  and  his  Early  Friends,' 
consisting  of  numerous  hitherto  unknown 
letters,  will  occupy  three  volumes  instead 
of  two,  as  formerly  announced,  and  will 
appear  in  the  early  spring.  The  addi- 
tions ate  due  to  the  later  discovery  of 
many  letters  of  importance.  The  whole 
is  collected  and  arranged  by  Mr. 
R.  H.  M.  B.  Atkinson  and  Mr.  G.  A. 
Jackson.  Subscribers  should  send  their 
names  to  Messrs.  Darling  &  Pead,  of  32, 
Harrington  Road,  South  Kensington. 

In  Chambers's  Journal  for  February, 
Mr.  Henry  Leach  has  retold  the  '  Love- 
Story  of  Queen  Victoria '  from  the 
recently  issued  '  Letters.'  Mr.  George 
Pignatorre  writes  about  '  Old  and  New 
Cairo';  and  the  Rev.  A.  J.  Foster  on 
1  Woburn  Past  and  Present,'  with  a 
sketch  of  the  earlier  Russells  and  the 
Duke  of  Bedford's  collection  of  birds  and 
beasts.  Lady  Napier  gives  her  views  on 
the  subject  of  '  Back  to  the  Land.'  An 
old  postmaster,  Mr.  R.  S.  Smyth,  of 
Londonderry,  traces  'The  Course  of  a 
Post- Letter ' ;  and  Mr.  Frederick  A. 
Talbot  writes  on  the  new  processes  in  tho 
manufacture  of  '  Powdered  Milk.' 

Mr.  Douglas  Crichton  is  engaged 
in  writing  a  history  of  the  family 
of   Crichton,  and   his  record  will  include 


researches  into  the  career  of  the  Admir- 
able Crichton. 

Messrs.  Blackwood  will  publish 
shortly  the  series  of  papers  contributed 
by  Mr.  Hector  Macpherson  to  the  Edin- 
burgh Evening  News  (of  which  he  is 
editor),  under  the  title  cf  '  A  Century  of 
Political  Development.' 

A  lecture  will  be  delivered  at  King's 
College,  Strand,  by  Dr.  B.  P.  Grenfell, 
on  the  28th  inst.,  on  '  Recent  Discoveries 
of  Papyri  at  Oxyrhynchus.'  The  lecture 
will  be  illustrated  by  lantern-slides,  and 
will  be  free  to  the  public. 

Messrs.  Sealy,  Bryers  &  Walker 
write  from  Dublin  : — 

"  We  beg  to  thank  you  for  the  review 
of  Canon  O'Hanlon's  '  History  of  Queen's 
County,'  Vol.  L,  on  the  28th  ult.  With 
reference  to  the  complaint  contained  in 
last  paragraph,  we  have  to  point  out  that 
the  inclusion  of  a  map  of  the  modern 
Queen's  County  would  not  have  been  appro- 
priate to  a  volume  which  deals  with  the 
teriitory  before  the  '  County  '  was  formally 
constituted.  Consequently  the  map  is  re- 
served for  Vol.  IJ.  The  preface  in  which 
the  maps  are  mentioned — Father  O'Leary's 
— is  a  preface  to  the  whole  work,  not  to 
a  portion  of  it.  We  think  this  is  readily 
recognizable  from  the  wording." 

Last  Thursday  Mrs.  Stopes  opened  the 
year  at  the  Toynbee  Hall  Shakespeare 
Society  with  a  lecture  on  '  The  Friends 
of  Shakespeare's  Sonnets.'  She  brought 
forth  a  mass  of  evidence  that  the  youth 
referred  to  was  no  other  than  the  Earl  of 
Southampton.  That  first  step  granted  as 
a  fact,  she  went  on  to  suggest  associated 
explanations  of  some  of  the  problems  of 
the  Sonnets. 

A  work  is  in  preparation  by  Mr. 
Edmund  G.  Gardner — the  author  of 
'  Dante's  Ten  Heavens  '  and  '  Dukes  and 
Poets  of  Ferrara  ' — on  '  Dante's  Lyrical 
Poems,'  which  is  to  include  both  a 
study  in  mystical  and  erotic  poetry  and 
an  attempt  to  construct  a  critical  text  of 
the  fifteen  canzoni,  the  famous  series  of 
odes.  The  volume,  which  is  to  be  pub- 
lished by  Messrs.  Constable,  will  contain 
also  the  ballads,  sonnets,  and  other  rime, 
or  minor  poems. 

Mr.  A.  E.  This elton  writes  : — 
"  In  his  edition  of  '  Shakespeare's 
Sonnets,'  Mr.  W.  H.  Hadow  writes  :  *  It  is 
known  that  during  the  closing  years  of  the 
sixteenth  century  he  [i.e.  Shakospearo]  was 
on  terms  of  friendship  with  the  young 
William  Herbert,  Earl  of  Pembroke,  a 
munificent  patron  of  letters  who,  in  Mr. 
Wyndham's  phrase,  was  then  "  one  of  tho 
brightest  particles  in  the  shifting  kaleido- 
scope of  Court  and  Stage  "  '  (p.  ix). 

"  I  have  always  understood  that  the 
only  diroct  evidence  that  Shakspeare  was 
on  torms  of  friendship  with  tho  nobleman 
in  question  is  contained  in  '  The  Epistle 
Dedicatorio  '  of  the  First  Folio  ;  but  this 
being  written  in  1G23,  is  surely  a  weak 
foundation  for  inferring  such  friendship 
during  the  closing  years  of  the  sixteenth 
century." 

On  Monday  last  Mr.  James  Mason,  an 
industrious  author  and  editor,  of  Beacon 
Cottage,  Braunton,  Devonshire,  died  at 
Barnstaple. 


h; 


T  II  i:     AT  II  KWK  V  M 


No.  U85,  Jan.  11,  1908 


Tin:  death  is  annoonoed,  in  his  seventy- 
eighth  year,  of  Mr.  William  Wilson,  of 
Sanquhar,  Dumf riesBhire,  who  at  one  time 
published  a  local  newspaper  and  edited 
» local  magazine,  but  was  better  known 
by  his  work  on  the  '  Folk-lore  of  Upper 
Nithsdale.' 

Tin:  mi  >t  interesting  name  in  the 
\,-«  Yi.tr  list  of  French  honours  is  that 
Of  .Madame  Maivelle  Tinayre,  to  whose 
powerful  work  we  have  frequently 
directed  the  attention  of  our  readers. 
The  other  new  "  Chevalier  i"  of  the 
Legion  d'Honncur  include  M.  Jules 
Huret  of  the  Figaro  ;  M.  Albert  Guignon, 
author  of  'Son  Pere ' ;  M.  Maurice 
Leblanc  ;  M.  Edouard  Schure ;  and  M. 
Gabriel  Trarieux,  the  dramatist. 

Prof.  Baldassare  Labanca,  of  the 
University  of  Rome,  has  entrusted  the 
translation  of  his  '  Difficolta  antiche  e 
nuove  degli  studi  religiosi  in  Italia '  to  an 
Oxford  man,  the  Rev.  Louis  H.  Jordan. 
Prof.  Labanca  will  prepare  a  new  Pre- 
face, and  the  translator  is  to  add  an 
Introduction,  dealing  somewhat  fully 
with  the  outlook  for  the  historical  study 
of  religion  in  Italian  universities. 

Recent  Government  publications  of 
some  interest  include  Report  of  the 
Board  of  Education  for  1906-7  (6d.)  ; 
Vol.  XXIV.  of  Hertslet's  Commercial 
Treaties  (15s.)  ;  and  Correspondence 
respecting  the  Peace  Conference  at  the 
Hague  (Is.  Qd.). 

Next  week  we  shall  pay  special  atten- 
tion to  educational  literature  and  school 
books  and  problems,  including  reports 
of  the  Head  Masters'  Association,  the 
Assistant  Masters'  Association,  the  L.C.C. 
Conference  of  Teachers,  and  the  Modern 
Language  Association  ;  and  an  article  on 
'  Classical  Teaching,'  by  a  schoolmaster 
of  experience. 

SCIENCE 

— * — 

CHEMICAL    LITERATURE. 

Inorganic  Chemistry.  By  E.  I.  Lewis. 
(Cambridge,  University  Press.) — This  volume 
is  the  outcome  of  an  attempt,  by  the  Che- 
mistry Master  at  Oundle  School,  to  provide 
a  course  in  chemistry  for  a  class  of  boys  of 
whom  some  have  been  promoted  from  a  lower 
science  set,  and  the  others  come  direct  from 
the  classical  side.  Also  an  endeavour  is 
made  to  follow  a  strictly  logical  method  : 
no  compound  of  unknown  composition  is 
used  for  chemical  purposes,  unless  to 
discover  its  composition  ;  after  this  it  may 
be  freely  used.  This  postpones  the  most 
convenient  methods  of  preparing  many 
gases,  but  on  the  whole  appears  to  work 
advantageously.  The  book  is  intended  for 
the  revision  of  lessons,  chaptor  by  chaptor, 
and  at  the  end  of  the  chapters  in  the  first 
half  of  it  are  problems  and  exercises,  somo 
of  them  of  a  high  standard,  suitable  for  a 
second  revision. 

After  an  introductory  chaptor  follow 
chapters  on  water,  air,  common  salt  and  its 
components,  chlorides  and  the  liko,  loading 
to  the  conception  of  equivalent  mass 
and  the  laws  of  chemical  combination. 
Tho  next  section  loads  up  to  the  atomic 
theory  with  the  aid  of  tho  consideration  of 
sulphur    and    carbon     and    somo    of    their 


oompounds,  and  Faradayala*  tofelectrolj 
Chapters  on  the  application  of  the  atomic 
theory  oomplete  Pari  I.,  and  in  these, 
matters  like  combined  orator,  acids  and 
bases,  hydrocarbons,  and  oomponndi  of 
nitrogen  are  dealt  with  and  u  amples. 

Pari  II.  leads  up  to  the  periodic  cla 
tion  of  die  elements  with  the  help  of  a  larger 
amount    of    information     concerning     the 

elements      already      dealt      with,      and      the 

introduction  of  a  few  others;  but  the  metals 

and    their    compounds    aro    not    treated    in 
detail. 

Tho  author  has  set  himself  a  difficult 
task  in  trying  to  draw  up  a  scheme  suitable 
for  such  a  mixed  class  of  hoys  as  that  he 
montions,  but  wo  think  he  has  accomplished 
it  with  success,  and  certainly  with  groat 
care  and  skill.  The  book  will  provo  useful 
in  other  schools  than  that  from  which  it 
originated. 

The  figures  of  apparatus,  which  are 
numerous,  are  neat  and  clear.  A  chap- 
ter on  respiration  and  nutrition  is  a 
useful  addition  to  such  a  book,  and  the 
author  throughout  has  endeavoured  to 
make  use  of  illustrations  and  examples  from 
everyday  life.  The  experiments  relating  to 
oxidation  and  hydration  illustrated  by  the 
rusting  of  iron  are  excellent.  The  work  is 
exact  and  slips  are  very  rare,  but  Rochelle 
salt  (p.  358)  contains  water  of  crystallization, 
four  molecules. 

A  Course  of  Practical  Organic  Chemistry. 
By  T.  Slater  Price  and  Douglas  F.  Twiss. 
(Longmans  &  Co.) — The  head  of  the 
Chemical  Department  of  the  Birmingham 
Municipal  Technical  School  and  the  Lecturer 
on  Chemistry  at  the  same  institution  have 
done  well  in  publishing  this  textbook,  which 
covers  the  course  of  practical  organic 
chemistry  given  at  that  school.  It  is  true 
that  the  course  is  arranged  mainly  for  the  use 
of  students  working  for  particular  examina- 
tions, those  of  the  Board  of  Education  and 
for  a  B.Sc.  degree  ;  this  is  perhaps  inevitable, 
but  the  Board  of  Education  has  recently 
revised  and  improved  its  syllabus,  so  that  the 
evil  is  minimized.  The  book  is  divided  into 
three  parts,  corresponding  with  the  three 
stages  of  the  Board's  examination.  The 
preparations  seem  to  have  been  carefully 
and  wisely  selected,  using  as  far  as  possible 
instances  which  do  not  take  too  long  a  time, 
and  are  therefore  the  more  suitable  for 
evening  classes.  The  number  of  examples 
given  in  each  stag©  is  far  more  than  the 
average  student  will  be  able  to  get  through 
in  an  ordinary  course,  but  the  teacher  can 
make  a  selection  and  distribute  the  work 
among  groups  of  two  or  three  who  have  tho 
opportunity  of  seeing  each  other's  work. 

The  tests  are  well  selected  and  carefully 
described,  and  we  are  sure  that  the  book  will 
provo  useful  in  many  schools  and  colleges 
where  a  course  in  practical  organic  chemistry 
is  followed.  On  p.  107  it  should  have  been 
made  plain  that  in  using  the  bromine-water 
tost  for  phenol  the  bromine  must  be  in  excess. 
A  History  of  Chemistry.  By  Dr.  Hugo 
Bauor.  Translated  by  R.  V.  Stanford. 
(Arnold.)— This  little  book  of  about  230 
octavo  pages  "is  intended  to  supply  students 
of  chemistry  with  an  outlino  of  the  general 
development  of  the  scionce."  It  does  not 
pretend  to  be  a  complete  history,  and  in 
such  a  small  book  it  is  no  doubt  very  diffi- 
cult to  assign  proper  proportions  of  tho 
space  to  be  allotted  to  different  parts  of 
tho  subject.  Every  chemist  may  have  a 
different  idea  as  to  the  relative  importance 
of  various  historical  facts,  but  probably  all 
will  agree  that  tho  Periodic  Law  is  wort  hi  oore 
than  ono  pago  in  such  a  history  of  chemistry. 
Many  chemists  who  have  done  lasting  work 
in  tho  advancement  of  the  science  are  either 


not  mentioned  or  mentioned  bul  rfljrj 

i  j/.,  Bon  lit  is  not  Included,  and 

\\ .  Crooki  i  referred  to  only  as  having 
determined  the  atomic  weight  of  thallium; 
whilst  several  of  the  alchemist*  and  mtro- 
ehemiata  have  comparatively  long  noil 
With  these  perhaps  inevitable  drawbacks  bo 
a  short  history,  the  hook  is  well  and  finally 
written.  A  lew  pages  are  devoted  to  the 
ohemistry  of  the  ancients  and  the  period 
of    alchemy  ;     then    follow     the     periods    of 

iatro-chemistry  and  of  phlogistic  chemistry: 
■   together  occupy   somewhat  less  than 
half  the  hook. 

Part  II.  begins  with  the  period  of  Lavoi- 
followed  by  the  period  of  the  development  of 
organic  chemistry,  which  covers  the  time 
from  the  artificial  production  of  urea  by 
Wdhler  in  1828  until  towards  the  end  of 
the  last  century  :  to  this  period  is  naturally 
devoted  the  most  space,  about  6G  pages. 
A  few  pages  on  the  chemistry  of  the  present 
day,  with  indexes,  conclude  the  volume.  The 
addition  of  a  page  or  two  on  the  progress 
of  physiological  chemistry  and  agricultural 
chemistry  would  be  an  advantage. 

The  translation  is  well  done,  but  on 
pp.  138  and  139  it  should  have  been  made 
clear  that  the  sugar  which  can  be  obtained 
by  treatment  of  starch  with  acids  is  not  the 
same  sugar  which  is  extracted  from  the 
sugar-beet.  Tho  last  sentence  in  the  book, 
whilst  indicating  correctly  tho  nature  and 
use  of  the  little  volume,  perhaps  does  not 
exactly  convey  the  same  idea  to  an  English 
reader  as  the  original. 


LORIMER    FISON. 


The  death  on  December  29th  of  the  Rev. 
Lorimer  Fison  at  his  home  near    Mel  bourne, 
Victoria,  removes  one  of  the  foremost  pioneers 
of  Australian  anthropology.    An  Englishman 
by  birth,  he  was  educated  at  Caius  College, 
Cambridge,  but  did  not  proceed  to  a  degree. 
After   some   years   of   varied   experience    in 
Australia,    he    connected    himself    with    tho 
Wesleyan  missions  there,   and  was  sent  as 
a  missionary  to  Fiji,   where  he  afterwards 
became  the  head  of  a  college  for  the  natives. 
Here    his    courage,    his    tact,    his    linguistic 
gifts,    and    his    earnestness    placed    him    in 
the   first   rank   among   missionaries.     Here, 
too,  he  began  his  career  as  an  anthropologist 
by  contributing  to  the  truly  epoch-making 
work    of    the    American   ethnologist    L.    H. 
Morgan      on      systems      of      consanguinity 
("  Smithsonian  Contributions  to  Knowledge," 
vol.     xvii.).     After    acquiring    an    intimate 
knowledge  of  the  Fijians,  Mr.  Fison  removed 
to  Australia,  and  entered  on  a  wider  series 
of  investigations  into  the  social  organization 
and  marriage  relationships  of  the  Australian 
tribes.     He  had  the  good  fortune  to  secure 
the  co-operation  of  Dr.  A.  W.  Howitt.  and 
the   two   published     conjointly    the   volume 
'  Kamilaroi  and  Kurnai  '  (Melbourne,  1880), 
which  laid  tho  foundation  of  the  scientific 
study    of    the    Australian   aborigines.     Pro- 
fessional  occupations  prevented   Mr.   Fison 
from  devoting  as  much  time  as  he  wished 
to    ethnology,    but    he    contributed    several 
valuable  papers  to  the  Journal  of  the  Anthro- 
pological  Institute   on  Fijian  customs   and 
the    classifieatory    system    of    relationship. 
In    1904   ho   published   a   volume   of   native 
Fijian  stories  ('  Tales  from  Old  Fiji,'  London, 
the  De  La  More  Press).     About  the  same 
time  his  health,  which  had  been  infirm  for 
some  years,  finally  broke  down,  and  thence- 
forth he  was  entirely  laid  aside  from  active 
work.      But  the  clearness   of  his  mind   and 
his   keen   interest   in   his   favourite   subjects 
never    failed.      The    grant    of   a    pension    on 
the  Civil  List  was  a  proper  and  timely  recog- 
nition  of   his   eminent    services   to   science. 


No.  4185,  Jan.  11, 


1908 


THE    ATHENAEUM 


47 


The  imj  ortance  of  these  services  cannot  be 
fairly  estimated  by  the  amount  of  his  pub- 
lished writings,  though  that  was  not  in- 
considerable. He  perceived  the  far-reach- 
ing significance  of  L.  H.  Morgan's  work, 
and  if  the  principal  conclusions  of  that 
great  investigator  should  ever  be  generally 
accepted,  as  it  appears  probable  that  they 
will  be,  no  man  will  have  contributed  more 
effectively  to  their  demonstration  than 
Lorimer  Fison,  since  it  is  mainly  to  his 
example  and  influence  that  we  owe  an 
accurate  knowledge  of  the  social  organization 
of  the  Australian  tribes  in  which  Morgan's 
theories  find  their  firmest  support.  This 
is  a  service  to  the  science  of  man  of  which 
it  would  be  difficult  to  over-estimate  the 
importance. 

Personally  Mr.  Fison  was  a  man  of  the 
most  upright  and  amiable  character.  To 
know  him  was  to  esteem  and  love  him.  He 
was  a  charming  letter- writer,  for  he  possessed 
a  happy  gift  of  describing  what  he  had  seen 
in  clear,  correct,  and  graphic  English.  He 
leaves  an  invalid  widow  and  a  family  of 
two  sons  and  four  unmarried  daughters. 

J.  G.  F. 


SOCIETIES. 


Microscopical. — Dec.  18. — Mr.  Conrad  Beck, 
V.P.,  in  the  chair. — Mr.  J.  E.  Barnard  exhibited 
some  specimens  of  luminous  bacteria  in  culture 
tubes,  and  also  large  quantities  in  a  solution  in  a 
flask.  On  the  room  being  darkened  the  light  given 
off  by  the  bacteria  was  at  once  apparent,  and  the 
contents  of  the  flask,  when  shaken,  became  very 
luminous.  The  light  produced  was  nearly  mono- 
chromatic, lying  between  the  lines  F  and  t*  of  the 
spectrum.  The  whole  energy  of  these  bacteria 
seemed  to  be  utilized  in  producing  light,  no  heat 
whatever  being  detected.  —  Mr.  Eustace  Large 
exhibited  under  microscopes  a  number  of  specimens 
of  natural  twin-crystals  of  selenite.  The  way  in 
which  the  specimens  had  been  prepared,  and  the 
effects  produced  by  the  varying  angles  at  which 
the  twin-plane  cut  the  cleavage-plane,  were  further 
illustrated  by  diagrams  and  models.  Specimens 
were  exhibited  under  reflecting  polariscopes  made 
for  Mr.  Large  by  the  firm  of  C.  Baker;  under  some 
of  these  were  most  artistic  subjects  made  from 
selenite,  one  representing  a  vase  of  flowers,  and 
another  flowers  and  fruits  with  animals,  such  as 
parrots,  chameleons,  &c. ,  which  changed  colour 
when  a  film  of  mica  below  the  design  wa3  rotated. 
Mr.  Large  also  exhibited  a  small  double-image 
prism  made  from  a  fragment  of  Iceland  spar,  and 
mounted  on  the  nose  of  an  objective,  by  means  of 
which  two  images  of  a  suitable  object  placed  on 
the  stage  with  a  selenite  plate  were  obtained  in 
complementary  colours. — A  paper  by  Mr.  E.  M. 
Nelson  on  Gregory  &  Wright's  microscope  was 
read  by  the  Secretary.  This  microscope  was  de- 
scribed and  illustrated  in  a  rare  book  published  by 
Gregory  &,  Wright  in  1786,  and  was  called  a  "new 
universal  microscope,  which  has  all  the  uses  of  tho 
single,  compound, opaque,  and  aquatic  microscopes." 
The  illustration  shows  it  to  be  similar  to  one  pre- 
sented to  the  Society  in  1899  by  Dr.  Dallinger,  which 
was  then  thought  tohave  been  made  by  Benj.  Martin; 
but  it  now  seems  likely  that  it  was  made  by 
Gregory  &  Wright,  who  were  probably  Martin's 
successors. — Another  paper  by  Mr.  Nelson,  on  '  A 
Correction  for  a  Spectroscope,'  was  also  read  by 
the  Secretary.  It  described  a  device  proposed  by 
the  author  by  which  the  object-glass  of  the  tele- 
scope may  be  automatically  rotated  so  as  always 
to  receive  the  rays  from  any  part  of  the  spectrum 
without  obliquity. — A  paper  by  Mr.  Jas.  Murray 
on  'Some  African  Rotifers'  was  read  by  Mr.  (J.  F. 
Rousselet.  This  described  about  twelve  species  of 
bdelloid  rotifers  from  Old  Calabar,  Uganda,  and 
Madagascar,  among  which  were  one  new  species 
and  two  new  varieties.  In  the  discussion  that 
followed,  Mi-.  Weschd,  referring  to  the  new  species 
from  Uganda,  Callidina  pituuger,  said  that  he 
thought  the  lateral  appendages  were  remarkable, 
and  that  they  might  he  of  similar  function  to  the 
blades  on  the  shoulders  of  Polynrthru  platyptera, 
giving  a  sudden  movement  to  the  animal  to  enable 
it  to  escape  danger. 


Aristotelian. — Jan.  6. — Prof.  G.  Dawes  Hicks, 
V.  P.  in  the  chair. — Mr.  G.  E.  Moore  read  a  paper 
criticizing  '  The  Pragmatist  Theory  of  Truth,'  as 
represented  in  Prof.  W.  James's  recent  book. 
Prof.  James  seems  anxious  to  advocate  three  views 
about  truth,  viz.  (1)  a  view  about  the  connexion  of 
truth  with  utility,  (2)  a  view  about  the  "  muta- 
bility "  of  truth,  (3)  a  view  about  the  part  played 
by  man  in  "  making  truth."  As  regards  (1),  he 
does  not  seem  merely  to  hold  the  commonplace 
that  most  true  beliefs  are  useful,  and  most  useful 
ones  true,  he  seems  to  identify  truth  with  utility. 
And  to  this  identification  there  are  three  objections, 
(a)  As  a  matter  of  empirical  fact,  it  is  not  the 
case  that  all  true  beliefs  are  useful,  and  all 
useful  ones  true  ;  for,  whatever  sense  we  give  to 
"  utility,"  there  are  certainly  many  exceptions 
either  to  the  one  proposition  or  to  the  other,  and 
probably  to  both,  (b)  He  implies  that  any  belief 
which  was  useful  would  be  true,  no  matter  what 
other  conditions  it  might  fail  to  satisfy  ;  that, 
therefore,  beliefs  in  the  existence  of  things  might 
be  true,  even  if  the  things  did  not  exist,  (c)  He 
implies  that  just  as  a  given  belief  may  be  useful  at 
one  time,  and  not  useful  at  another,  so  it  may  be 
true  at  one  time,  and  not  true  at  another.  And 
this  leads  to  (2),  as  to  which  he  seems  to  hold,  not 
merely  (what  is  true)  that  a  fact  may  exist  at  one 
time  and  not  exist  at  another,  and  that  the  same 
words  may  be  true  at  one  time  and  false  at  another, 
but  also  that  a  belief  with  regard  to  what  happened, 
is  happening,  or  will  happen  at  a  particular  time, 
may  be  true  at  one  time,  and  not  true  at  another. 
It  seems  self-evident  that  no  true  beliefs  are 
mutable  in  this  sense.  Finally,  (3)  ho  seems  to 
hold  that  wherever  a  man  plays  a  part  in  making 
a  particular  true  belief  exist,  he  also  plays  a  part 
in  making  it  true.  But  it  seems  to  be  the  ease 
that  man  only  plays  a  part  in  making  his  beliefs 
true  so  far  as  he  plays  a  part  in  making  exist  the 
things  which  he  believes  to  exist  ;  and  hence  it  is 
very  doubtful  whether  he  plays  any  part  at  all  in 
making  true  an  immense  number  of  his  true 
beliefs. 


Mo.w 


MEETINGS  NEXT  WEEK. 
Royal   Academy,    4.— 'Criticism,'   No.    II.,    Sir    Hubert   von 
Herkomcr. 

—  London  Institution,  5.—'  The  Evidence  for  Life  in  Mars,'  Mr. 

A.  R.  Hinks. 

—  Surveyors'  Institution,  8.—' Foreshore  Erosion  and  Reclama- 

tion,' Prof.  H.  Robinson. 

—  Geographical,  8,;!0.— '  Among  the  Volcanoes  of  Guatemala  and 

St.  Vincent,'  l>r.  Tempest  Anderson. 
Ties.    Royal  Institution, .!.— 'The  Internal  Earof  Different  Animals,' 
Lecture  L,  Dr.  A.  A.  Gray. 

—  Asiatic,  4.— 'The  Coinage  of  Nepal,'  Mr.  E.  H.  Walsh. 

—  Colonial  Institute,  8.— 'Ceylon  of  To-day,'  Sir  Henry  Blake. 

—  Institution  of   Civil  Engineers,  8.— Discussion  on  '  Kcyham 

Dockyard  Extension.' 

—  Zoological,  S.30. 

Wed.     Meteorological,  7. .10. —Annual  Meeting;   Presidents  Address 
on  '  Map-Studies  of  Rainfall.' 

—  Entomological,  8.— Annual  Meeting. 

—  Folk-lore.  8.— Annual  Meeting  ;  President's  Address. 

—  Microscopical.  8.— 'On  the  Microscope  as  an  Aid  to  the  Study 

of  the  Biology  of  Insects,  with  Special  Reference  to  the 
Food,'  Mr.  W.  Wesche. 

—  Society  of  Arts,  8.— 'Screen-Plate  Processes  of  Colour  Photo- 

graphy,' Dr.  0.  E.  Kenneth  Mecs. 
Tiiius.  Royal  Institution,  3.— 'The  Building  of  Britain,'  Lecture  I., 
Prof.  W.  W.  Watts. 

—  Royal  Academy,  4.— 'Art  loves  Chance,  and  Chance  loves  Art,' 

Sir  Hubert  von  Hcrkomer. 

—  Royal  Society,  4.30. 

—  Society   of   Arts,  4.30.— 'Indian  Agriculture,'  Mr.  II.  Stavely 

Lawrence. 

—  Historical,  5.— 'Some  Unpublished  Notices  of  the  Family  of 

Yorke  under  George  III..'  .Mr.  Basil  Williams. 

—  London  Institution,  6.—'  Flames,'  Mr.  I.  S  Scarf. 

—  Linncan.  8.  — '  Brassica  Crosses'  and  'Notes  on  Wild  Types  of 

Tuber-bearing  Solanums,'  Mr.  A.  W.  Sutton;  'Revision  of 
the  Genus  llligera,  Blutne,'  Mr.  S.  T.  Dunn;  '  New  Ooniferas 
of  Formosa,'  Mr.  BunzO  Hayata. 

—  Chemical,  8.30. — *  Colour  and  Constitution  of  Azo-Coinpound*,' 

Part  11.,  Messrs.  ,J.  .T.  Pox  and  .).  T.  Hewitt;  The  Oxidation 
of  Aromatic  Hydrazines  by  Metallic  Oxides,  Permanganates, 
and  Chromates,'  Mr.  V   I>.  Chattaway  ;  and  oilier  Papers. 

—  Society    of    Antiquaries.    8.30.  —  '  Rcceut     Excavations    on 
Lansdown,  Bath.   Mr.T.  S.  Hush. 

Institution    of    Civil     Engineers,    s.  —  'The    Principles    of 

Engineering    Geology,'    Lecture     II.,     Dr.     II.    Lapworth. 

(Students'  Meeting. I 
Institution  of  Uechanii  a]  Engineers,  R  —'Third  Report  to  the 

Gas-F.ngine  Research  Committee,'  Prof.  F.  W.  Burstall. 
Royal  Institution,  9.—' The  Centenary  of  Daty's  Discovery  of 

the  Metals  of  the  Alkalis,'  Prof.  T.  E.  Thorpe. 
Royal    Institution,    ".  —  'The    Electrification    of    Railways,' 

Lecture  I.,  Prof.  Gisbeit  Kapp. 


Fki. 


^rirnrc  (Tu.sr.ip. 

Mr.  Young  J.  Pentland  of  Edinburgh 
has  relinquished  his  publishing  business 
in  favour  of  Mr.  Henry  Frowde,  Oxford 
University  Press,  and  Messrs.  Hodder  & 
Stoughton.  The  copyright  volumes  trans 
ferred  include  several  important  scientific 
manuals.  These  will  for  the  future  be  pub- 
lished i',\  the  two  (inns  just  mentioned, 

Pbof.    Albert    Hoffa,    the    well  known 
orthopaedist,    whose   death    at   the    age   of 


forty-seven  is  announced  from  Cologne, 
was  born  at  Richmond  in  South  Africa. 
He  studied  at  Marburg  and  Freiburg  i.  B., 
was  professor  at  the  University  of  WiArzburg, 
and  was  subsequently  appointed  Director 
of  the  Poliklinik  for  Orthopaedic  Surgery 
at  Berlin.  He  was  the  author  of  a  number 
of  valuable  works,  among  them  '  Lehrbuch 
der  orthopadischen  Chirurgie,'  '  Technik 
und  Massage,'  and  '  Frakturen  und  Luxa- 
tionen.' 

The  Geological  Society  will  this  year 
award  its  medals  and  fluids  as  follows  : 
the  Wollaston  Medal  to  Prof.  Paul  Groth, 
of  Munich  ;  the  Murchison  Medal  to  Prof. 
A.  C.  Seward  ;  and  the  Lyell  Medal  to  Mr. 
R.  D.  Oldham.  The  Wollaston  Fund  goes 
to  Mr.  H.  H.  Thomas  ;  the  Murchison  Fund 
to  Miss  Ethel  G.  Skeat  ;  and  the  Lyell  Fund 
to  Mr.  H.  J.  Osborne  White  and  Mr.  T.  F. 
Sibly. 

The  death  is  announced  in  the  seventy- 
ninth  year  of  his  age,  of  Prof.  Asaph  Hall. 
Born  in  Connecticut  on  October  15th,  1829, 
he  became  an  assistant  in  Harvard  College 
Observatory  in  1857,  and  was  appointed 
one  of  the  astronomers  of  the  Naval  Observa- 
tory in  1862,  and  Professor  of  Astronomy 
at  Ann  Arbor,  Michigan,  in  1901.  He  took 
part  in  several  eclipse  and  other  scientific 
expeditions,  and  enriched  many  depart- 
ments of  astronomy  by  his  labours  ;  but 
he  will  always  be  best  remembered  by  his 
discovery  of  the  two  little  satellites  of  Mars 
(a  planet  till  then  supposed  to  be  moonless) 
at  Washington  in  1877,  for  which  he  was 
awarded  the  Gold  Medal  of  the  Royal 
Astronomical  Society  of  London  in  1879. 

In  the  course  of  Madame  Ceraski's 
examination  of  photographic  plates  taken 
by  M.  Blajko  at  the  Moscow  Observatory, 
she  detected  variability  in  another  star 
in  the  constellation  Auriga,  and  the  fact 
of  change  was  afterwards  confirmed  by  visual 
observations.  When  brightest,  the  star 
is  of  only  the  eleventh  magnitude  ;  but  at 
other  times  it  is  invisible,  even  on  plates 
on  which  stars  of  12£  magnitude  are  de- 
picted. In  a  general  list  it  will  be  reckoned 
as  var.  181,  1907,  Aurigse. 

M.  Gonnessiat  has  been  appointed 
Director  of  the  Algiers  Observatory,  to 
replace  the  late  M.  Trepied  ;  and  M.  Bourget 
of  Toulouse  succeeds  M.  Stephan,  who  has 
resigned  the  Directorship  at  Marseilles, 
as  mentioned  in  our  '  Science  Gossip  '  on  tho 
14th  ult. 


FINE   ARTS 


OLD  MASTERS  AT  THE  ACADEMY. 

At  Burlington  House  an  exhibition  of 
somewhat  mixed  quality,  yet  full  of  interest 
for  picture-lovers,  demonstrates  once  more 
the  large  number  of  tint-  works  which  remain 
in  private  collections  in  this  country.  As 
on  several  occasions  recently,  one  of  the 
most  attractive  features  in  the  show  is  the 
croup  of  early  pictures  in  the  first  room. 
Of  these  the  Mary  Tudor  (I)  of  Lucas  de 
Heere,  contributed  by  Sir  Cuthbert  Quilter, 
if  not  new  to  London  exhibitions,  is  none 
the  less  welcome  for  its  technical  finish  and 
refinement    of    vision.     The    same    subtle 

spirituality  marks  the  Gabrirllc  de  Bourbon 
(Hi)  of  Francois  Clouet ;  while  the  two 
portraits  of  men  (S  and  11)  hanging  to 
balance  one  another,  and  catalogued  respect- 
ively as  "  Early  Flemish  "  and  Corneilfe  de 
Lyons,  are  hardly  less  perfect.  Chancellor 
ll<  nart,  by  Corneille  de  Lyons,  is  a  delicately 
rendered    head    in   the   manner  of   Clouei  : 

the  other  approximates  rather  to  the  style 
of    Malaise    in    its    tones    of    deep    green    and 


L8 


T  II  i;     AT  II  KN.K  U  M 


No.   U85,  .Ian.  11,1 


black  and  i(>  Strong  DIM  for  certain  kind     "I 

modelling.  Very  interesting  is  the  com- 
parison of  tin-t'  two  portraits,  each  appa- 
rently the  result  "i  the  most,  deternuned 
literalism,  but  in  effect  so  different. 

Here  we  have  a  quartet  of  portraits  of  the 
highest  beauty  and  power,  ami  these  arc. 
flanks!  by  others  only  a  little  less  perfeot. 

The    two    main    heads     (17    and     IS),    rather 

blaok  m  colour,  contributed  by  Mr.  H.  S. 
Benson,  are, )  articularly  the  former,  inferior 
to    these    in    decorative    beauty,    though 

hardly  in  human  expressiveness  (thoy  look 
German  rather  than,  as  they  are  described, 
sixteenth-century  French)  ;  and  two  admir- 
able works  of  British  origin  also  fall  just 
lx  low  tho  standard  of  the  best  of  their 
neighbours.  Lord  William  West  (2),  by  William 
Stretes,  is  a  vigorous,  healthy  presentment 
of  a  vigorous  personality.  It  has  not  the 
calm  completeness  with  which  Holbein 
might  have  endowed  such  a  picture,  and 
the  frame  cuts  it  awkwardly  ;  but  of  a 
noble  school  it  is  a  good  example,  if  wanting 
the  final  envelope  of  grandeur  and  style.  The 
two-sided  panel  of  the  ninth  Baron  Glamis 
and  his  secretary  (21)  shows  two  portraits 
of  boys  by  an  unknown  painter  of  great 
refinement :  only  the  treatment  of  a  hand 
in  each  case  suggests  a  limitation  in  his 
training  outside  the  special  requirements  of 
portraiture. 

All  these  portraits  breathe  an  atmosphere 
of  seriousness  and  distinction,  and  the 
pictures  other  than  portraits  on  the  wall 
beside  them  are  not  less  decorative,  if  they 
have  hardly  the  same  intense  sincerity.  The 
fifteenth-century  triptj'di  (13),  contributed 
by  Mr.  Fairfax  Murray,  and  No.  19  (The 
Adoration  of  the  Kings,  by  Herri  Met  de 
Bles),  lent  by  Messrs.  Duveen,  are  picturesque 
rather  than  expressive  ;  the  latter  in  par- 
ticular, like  certain  Italian  work  of  the  same 
time,  with  its  grotesque  and  fantastic  wealth 
of  detail,  its  hard,  calligraphic  audacity  of 
curls  and  twists,  appeals,  and  must  always 
have  appealed,  to  our  love  rather  of  the 
astonishing  than  of  the  beautiful.  Both 
these  triptychs,  however,  as  well  as  the  little 
Temptation  by  Gerhardt  David  (12),  add 
picturesqueness  and  glamour  to  this  first 
wall  of  the  exhibition,  which  holds  a  collec- 
tion of  unusual  interest. 

The  rest  of  tho  room  is  certainly  not  up 
to  tho  same  standard.  Vittore  Crivelli  is 
represented  by  a  Virgin  and  Child  (22) 
which  shows  him  as  but  a  weaker  repro- 
duction of  his  greater  brother.  We  prefer 
the  sound,  if  somewhat  uninspired  Two 
Saints  (23),  lent  by  the  Earl  of  Plymouth — 
Giottesque  in  their  simplicity  and  avoidance 
of  non-essentials.  Most  of  the  other  pictures 
in  the  room  are  of  slightly  decadent  character, 
even  when,  as  with  tho  early  Italian  Exe- 
cutioner with  the  Head  of  John  the  Baptist 
(29)  or  the  Virgin  and  Child  said  to  be  by 
Botticelli  (32),  the  imputed  date  is  earlier 
than  that  at  which  an  historian  would 
allow  decadence  to  have  set  in.  The  latter 
of  these  pictures  is  superficially  very  attrac- 
tive. A  rich  piece  of  decoration,  and 
evidently  inspired  by  themaster,  its  draughts- 
manship has  neither  tho  intense  significance 
of  his  more  realistic  mood  nor  the  perfect 
rhythm  of  his  more  mystic  imaginings.  We 
should  regard  it  as  the  work  of  a  clever 
follower  belonging — and  still  more  obviously 
the  Adoration  (30),  ascribed  to  Bonifazio, 
and  tho  Venetian  Virgin  and  Child  (34) — 
to  tho  class  of  work  which  aims  only  at 
the  easy  reproduction  of  some  pictorial 
recipe  of  established  popularity.  Both  these 
are  rather  cloying  in  their  determination  to 
be  rich  and  mellow  at  any  cost,  but  in  the 
latter  lingers  the  charm  of  a  Bellinesque 
design  not  without  distinction.  A  little 
dull,    but    of    excellent    quality,    arc    two 


portraits  bj    Moroni  (88)  and   Domenlohino 
(.'!)  respectively  ;    while  the  presentments  of 

Mich  ml  Angela  (l)  and  Polm  //••<  (24)  ; 
their  interval    more  from  their  sitters  than 
from  the  intrinsic  merits  of  the  painting. 

In  ill"  second  room  a  tiny  full-length  by 
<  lonzalee  I  toques  (40)  is,  in  slightly  common- 
place fashion,  a  miracle  of  execution,  and 
much  to  he  preferred  to  the  alleged  Terburg 
(39)  hung  above  it.  This,  in  our  opinion, 
is  a  OOpy.  A  "still  life"  by  Snyders  (44)  and 
Flowers  and  Fruit  by  Van  Os  (76)  have  an 
obvious  splendour  which  brightens  this 
gathering  of  the  dingier  little  Dutch  masters. 
The  Interior  of  a  Church  (48),  by  Emanuel 
do  Witte,  is  one  of  tho  better  of  these,  cool 
and  refined  among  a  not  very  distinguished 
company  of  Teniers  and  Ostade  and  Wouver- 
mans  and  the  like,  of  which  certain  land- 
scapes— a  beautiful  little  Cuyp  (77),  a  some- 
what too  thin  Van  Goyen  (71),  and  an 
example  of  that  rarely  seen  painter  Hercules 
Segers  (72) — are  not  the  least  interesting. 
A  Cavalier  Drinking  (64),  by  Jan  le  Ducq, 
stands  apart  from  its  surroundings  by  its 
reserve,  a  technical  fastidiousness  as  of  some 
enameller  carrying  out  with  calm  perfection 
a  prearranged  scheme  of  coat  after  coat  of 
creamy,  lacquer-like  pigment.  Only  a  slight 
turbulence  in  the  contours  of  the  silhouette 
seems  a  little  out  of  sympathy  with  the 
mood  of  a  picture  which  is  in  some  respects 
worthy  of  Vermeer.  It  fills  to  a  certain 
extent  the  place  which  expectation  had 
prepared  for  the  Soldiers  Quarrelling  ascribed 
to  Antonio  and  Louis  Lenain.  But  that  has 
none  of  the  purity  of  taste  and  noble  serious- 
ness of  aim  which  make  the  appearance  of 
these  painters  late  in  the  history  of  French 
art  something  of  an  anachronism. 

The  first  half  of  the  contents  of  the  large 
third  room  is  not  a  particularly  inspiriting 
collection,  though  passing  under  such  names 
as  Turner  and  Claude,  Rembrandt  and 
Titian,  Rubens,  Tintoretto,  and  Van  Dyck. 
This  is  not  meant,  of  course,  to  imply  that  the 
attributions  are  in  every  case  erroneous. 
That  tho  much-damaged  head  in  Capt. 
Hey  wood  Lonsdale's  portrait  of  a  lady  (126) 
was  worked  on  by  Rubens  is  as  certain  as 
that  little  else  in  the  picture  was  ;  and  were 
it  possible  satisfactorily  to  clean  it,  there 
might  still  emerge  a  fine  piece  of  painting. 
The  four  Claudes  are  probably  genuine, 
though  second-rate,  and  the  "  Rembrandt  " 
(125)  is  very  like  a  Rembrandt  in  everything 
but  the  state  of  mind  it  betrays  in  the  painter; 
while  the  "Turner"  (116)  has  presumably 
excellent  documentary  evidence  behind  it, 
or  it  would  never  have  been  accepted  as 
such  at  all.  On  the  other  hand,  we  cannot 
accept  as  Titian's  the  coarsely  painted 
portrait  of  Cliarlcs  Quint  (127).  Such  a 
detail  as  the  lips  is  incredible  when  we  think 
of  the  nicety  and  precision  with  which  that 
hand  would  have  moulded  them.  The 
armour,  indeed,  in  this  picture,  as  the  sleeve 
in  a  picture  recently  added  to  the  National 
Gallery,  supports  an  attribution  whichin  both 
instances  the  painting  of  the  head  denies. 
Neither  do  we  see  much  of  the  hand  of 
Rubens  in  tho  dowdy  Queen  Esther  (132) — 
whose  train  makes  tho  most  comical  failure 
at  imparting  dignity  of  any  train  ever 
painted — or  of  the  power  of  Van  Dyck  in 
the  cold  and  heavy  King  Cliarlcs  I.  and  his 
Family  (130). 

Among  such  indifferent  surroundings, 
the  standard  of  which  is  not  notably  raised 
by  a  couple  of  Murillos  of  typical  mawkish- 
ness,  Sustermans,  with  a  pair  of  virile 
works,  1ms  the  bearing  of  a  great  master. 
His  lady's  portrait  (121)  is  like  a  Van  Dyck 
of  the  ( Genoese  period,  exoept  that  in  the  face 
the  paint  is  not  so  "  short,"  and  has,  for  all 
its  clear-cut  contour,  something  of  the 
perfect  fluidity  which  with  Van    Dyck  came 


later,     it  is  full  of  .  and, 

We  fancy,  i-  an  earlier  \\ork  than  the  Portrait 
of  a  Man    (12S),  which  bus  u  more  challi 

ing  pi'   <  dj  e,  with  more  obvious  virtual  and 

faul-  only     painter     in     the     room 

wiio     can       stand       beside      Su-termans      w 
Holds,    whose     group      of     Th<      Misses 
Payne  (147)  is  altogi  ther  delightful  u 
and  the  painting  of  the  figures.    Perhai 
r     parallelism     is    desirable     beta 
the   impaste  of  the  paint  and  the  pla 
structure  of  the  group,  for  as  it  Ls  the  side 
of  the  harpsichord  lias  an  annoying  want  of 
solidity.      Yet  the  error,  if  it  is  one,  i- 
allied    to    the    unwonted    daintiness    of    t 
unique  work,   which   makes  it  so  refreshing 
a    contrast     to    the    cloying     sentiment     of 
Sir     Joshua's     more     popular     manner,     as 
exemplified   in  Lady  Elizabeth   Herbert    and 
her  Son  (145).     The  portrait  group  lent    by 
Lieut. -Col.  Home  Drummond  (150)  Ls  another 
Reynolds  of  unusual  dignity,  worthy  of  the 
best  tradition  of  Van  Dyck  ;   while  a  Master 
Bunbury  (155)  shows  him  for  once  treating 
childhood    with    complete    literalness    and 
naturalism.     Romney     alongside     of     such 
works  appears   here    only    as    a  wonderful 
practitioner. 

In  Room  IV.  are  a  subtly  charming  Gains- 
borough, Sir  John  Sebright  (163)  ;  Cotman's 
powerfully  designed  Windmills  (181);  an 
unobtrusive  grey  river-piece  by  Solomon 
van  Ruysdael  (185),  most  justly  expressed, 
with  boats  that  really  move  ;  and  an 
impressive  portrait  of  Aubrey  de  Vcre  of 
doubtful  authorship  (161).  The  principal 
feature  of  the  room,  however,  is  Crome's 
splendid  Poringland  Oak  (170),  an  example 
of  the  careful  and  loving  delineation  com- 
bined with  broad  vision  which  modern 
landscape  painters  seem  no  longer  even  to 
desire.  The  sky  is  the  least  satisfactory 
part  of  it,  as  it  is  the  finest  part  of  the  smaller 
view  of  Norwich  alongside  (177). 

It  is  a  commonplace  to  say  that  the  room 
devoted  to  the  work  of  the  late  James  Clarke 
Hook  would  gain  if  the  figures  could  be 
eliminated  from  most  of  them.  This  is 
not  due  to  any  want  of  a  figure-painter's 
training,  but  is  owing  to  a  curious  colour- 
blindness that  allowed  him  to  paint  figures 
in  the  most  monotonously  hot  tones,  even 
in  a  setting  flooded  with  cool  blue  light. 
The  Day  for  the  Lighthouse  (187)  would  be  a 
delightful  work  but  for  this  blemish,  the 
complex  range  of  tone  in  sea  and  sand  and 
sky  being  rendered  with  admirable  truth, 
and  married  to  a  draughtsmanship  at  the 
same  time  broad  and  closely  searching. 
He  rarely  did  a  sky  so  fine  as  in  this,  which 
is  on  the  whole  the  best  and  most  typical 
of  his  works  here,  though  Brimming  Holland 
(189)  keeps  a  more  satisfactory  level,  because 
for  once  the  figures  are  cool  in  colour  and 
just  in  tone. 

Here  is  a  lengthy  catalogue  of  the  contents 
of  the  galleries,  yet  perhaps  the  most 
important  feature  has  still  to  be  considered, 
for  the  collection  of  the  works  of  Hogarth 
and  Zoffany  in  the  Water-Colour  Room 
offers  a  uniquo  opportunity  of  studying  a 
certain  side  of  British  art.  A  word  may 
first  be  said  about  the  large  group  The  Pitt 
Family  (93),  attributed  to  Gainsborough. 
principally,  we  imagine,  on  the  strength  of 
the  landscape  part  of  it,  which  undoubtedly 
has  many  of  his  characteristics.  Tho 
figures  as  definitely  lack  them,  for  even 
in  the  earliest  and  most  careful  of  Cains- 
borough's  work  we  find  that  manner  of 
approaching  form  always  by  following  the 
surface  which  in  later  life  led  him  to  the 
broken  stroke  feeling  its  way  over  every 
feature,  which  is  his  strongly  personal 
characteristic  among  English  eighteenth- 
century  painters.  Here  we  have  an  artist 
.    -entially   less  sensitive  to  tactile  impres- 


No.  4185,  Jan.  11,  1908 


THE     ATHENAEUM 


49 


sions,  but  with  a  stronger  grasp  of  absolute 
dimensions.  He  knows  his  form  more  con- 
fidently than  Gainsborough,  and  feels  his 
way  less.  Toms,  Reynolds's  assistant,  has 
been  suggested  as  the  man  ;  but  if  it  be 
indeed  his,  it  is  an  extraordinarily  fine 
example.  One  or  two  of  the  women's  heads 
are  not  specially  successful,  but  the  ordon- 
nance  of  the  whole  composition  is  admirable, 
and  the  child  with  the  dog  a  delightful 
episode. 

The  Hogarths  are  supremely  interesting, 
and  full  of  fine  passages  ;  but  it  cannot  be 
denied  that  seen  together  they  give  an 
impression  of  carelessness — of  cheerfully 
accepted  imperfection.  The  Green-Room, 
Drury  Lane  (79),  and  the  small  Judges  (84) 
are  technically  perfect  things,  showing  a 
high  power  of  realization  (the  latter,  inimit- 
able in  its  rendering  of  the  heavy,  somnolent 
atmosphere,  anticipates  Daumier).  Such 
works  as  The  Beggar's  Opera  (85),  too,  or  the 
Woman  swearing  a  Child  to  a  Respectable 
Citizen  (81),  or,  more  evidently  slight,  the 
Staymaker  (100)  and  the  scenes  from  '  Hudi- 
bras  '  (97,  99,  101),  are  as  beautifully  con- 
structed technically,  though  they  remain 
sketchy  in  their  rendering  of  nature.  With 
almost  all  the  others,  however,  we  are  driven 
to  select  for  admiration  certain  fragments 
of  a  composition  unsatisfactory  as  a  whole, 
even  if  it  bears  everywhere  the  evidence  that 
its  painter  possessed  both  the  technique  and 
intellectual  power  necessary  for  complete 
execution.  Of  these  fragmentary  passages 
we  may  cite  the  falling  comedians  in 
Southwark  Fair  (87)  ;  the  two  side  groups 
of  the  Music  Piece  (89)  ;  and  the  passage 
containing  the  gentleman  and  the  negro 
servant  exquisitely  set  in  the  background 
of  the  Wollaston  Family  (106).  Such  paint- 
ing speaks  of  an  artist  of  princely  gifts 
touchingly  absorbed  in  his  work,  and  it  is 
difficult  to  understand  how,  with  his 
feeling  for  the  finest  harmony  and  means 
of  achieving  it,  he  could  again  and  again 
paint  interiors  from  which  the  different 
groups  and  figures  flash  out  in  an  arbitrary 
and  petty  fashion.  Nature  seldom  offered 
to  art  the  raw  material  for  a  better  workman. 

Zoffany  was  a  man  of  less  varied  gifts,  but 
in  a  smaller  way  his  Dr.  Hanson  of  Canter- 
bury (95)  is  perhaps  a  more  perfect  picture 
than  any  here  by  Hogarth.  Its  colour  is 
deep-toned  and  tranquil  ;  its  character- 
drawing  keen,  but  unobtrusive  ;  its  land- 
scape, from  whatever  hand,  perfectly  in 
accord  with  the  figure.  It  is  a  picture  we 
should  like  to  see  in  the  National  Gallery. 
The  Children  of  the  Fourth  Duke  of  Devon- 
shire (108)  has  more  the  look  of  a  Zoffany 
than  of  a  Hogarth,  as  it  is  described  ;  nor  are 
its  qualities  those  we  should  expect  a 
painter  to  drop  into  in  the  last  few  years  of 
his  life.  The  manner  in  which  the  figures 
are  set  in  the  background  is  excellent  ;  but 
we  submit  that  internal  evidence  would 
never  point  to  Hogarth  as  the  painter. 

A  small  collection  of  water-colours  includes 
attractive  drawings  by  Turner  and  De  Wint  ; 
but  the  outstanding  feature  of  the  show  is 
a  serious  and  dignified  work,  The  Byre  (219), 
by  William  Hunt,  an  artist  rarely,  if  ever, 
seen  to  such  advantage. 


NOTES    FROM    PARIS. 

There  is  great  mystery  about  the  pre- 
parations now  being  made  by  our  artists 
for  the  "  Salon  "  of  an  Industrial  Ex- 
hibition to  take  place  in  London.  Whatever 
the  members  of  our  Committee  say,  the 
British  people  must  not  expect  to  see  a 
collection  of  works  which  will  afford  a  com 
plete  view  of  modern  French  art.  The 
Committee,  being  mostly  composed  of 
painters   and    sculptors    who    work    for    the 


Ministere  des  Beaux-Arts,  show  already 
in  their  invitations  a  marked  preference 
for  official  artists.  To  these  they  generously 
distribute  the  four  hundred  places  at  their 
disposal.  The  discontented  pretend  that 
such  generosity  is  to  the  detriment  of  that 
talent  which  obtains  the  public  preference 
in  France.  Dissensions  are  already  occur- 
ring among  the  organizers.  Rodin,  in  par- 
ticular, refuses  to  form  part  of  the  Com- 
mittee, in  which  he  has  not  been  offered 
the  first  place.  He  will  not  act,  but  doubt- 
less he  will  be  represented  by  an  example 
belonging  to  the  Luxembourg  or  some 
other  State  museum.  The  well-informed 
believe  that  he  will  alter  his  decision. 

While  the  Government  offers  no  grant, 
the  Exhibition  still  remains,  in  France, 
official.  It  appears  also  that  an  ex-Member 
of  our  Parliament  has  supplied  this  want 
by  giving  100,000  francs  to  the  Committee 
for  the  erection  of  a  pavilion  worthy  of 
sheltering  the  contributions  of  French 
artists,  some  of  which  he  hopes  to  buy  to 
adorn  his  country  house. 

To  console  themselves  for  not  taking 
the  best  part  in  this  Exhibition,  the  mem- 
bers of  the  International  Society  (founded 
by  Whistler)  give  to  their  own  shows 
a  more  than  ordinary  importance.  It  is 
probable  that  they  will  decide  to 
have  in  London  a  '  Retrospective  Exhibi- 
tion of  Fair  Women  '  from  1848.  As  a 
result  of  a  similar  exhibition  held  at  Bagatelle 
last  summer,  M.  Jacques  Blanche  makes 
appeal  to  all  our  collectors  of  portraits, 
and  has  been  promised  the  famous  Cabanels 
and  other  popular  pictures.  C.  G. 


THE    AURELIAN    WALL    AT    ROME. 

Not  only  archaeologists,  but  also  the 
educated  public  generally,  have  heard 
with  poignant  regret  of  the  lecent 
partial  demolition  of  the  Aurelian  wall 
between  the  Porta  Pinciana  and  the  Porta 
Salara,  by  order  of  the  Municipality  of 
Rome.  Indeed,  to  point  to  an  equally 
flagrant  destruction  of  one  of  the  most 
famous  historic  relics  of  the  past,  one  has 
to  go  back  to  the  days  when  the  mediaeval 
Popes  and  barons  used  the  monuments  of 
Imperial  Rome  as  quarries  whence  they  ex- 
tracted the  stone  with  which  they  built  their 
palaces  and  towers.  Students  of  art  and 
history — Italians  as  well  as  foreigners — have 
too  often  in  our  own  time  had  to  protest 
against  the  damage  done  to  ancient  build- 
ings in  Italy  by  injudicious  restoration.  In 
those  cases,  at  least,  the  restorers  put  forth 
(it  may  charitably  be  supposed,  in  good 
faith)  the  stock  arguments  we  know  so  well. 
Nothing  of  this  can  be,  or  has  been,  ad- 
vanced in  the  present  instance.  The  level- 
ling of  the  wall  serves  no  end  of  convenience 
or  necessity.  It  is  simply  the  mischievous 
prank  of  irresponsible  individuals,  who,  find- 
ing themselves  masters  of  Rome,  take  this 
opportunity  of  asserting  their  despotic 
authority. 

Foreigners  will  naturally  ask  why  the 
Municipality  of  Home,  was  given  over  to  the 
party  whose  aims  and  ends  are  known  to 
all  intelligent  Italians.  They,  at  any  rate, 
cannot  have  been  unaware  of  the  doctrines 
which  for  the  last  dozen  years  have  been 
proclaimed  by  Socialist  and  Anarchist 
journals,  and  which  have  been  diffused 
broadcast  over  the  country,  penetrating  oven 
to  the  smallest  villages.  It  is  a  literature 
which  is  almost  unknown  to  foreigners,  but 
which,  in  the  face  of  recent  events,  should 
no  longer  be  ignored,  for  it  exercises 
a  deplorable  influence  on  the  Italian  work- 
ing mon  and  the  peasantry.  As  to  the 
doctrines  of   the,   two   wings   of  the  revolu- 


tionary party  respecting  the  monuments, 
they  virtually  point  to  their  abolition. 
They  have  come  to  the  conclusion  that  Italy 
is  to  enter  on  a  new  career,  and  it  follows 
that  she  must  be  cut  adrift  from  the  past, 
and  as  a  preliminary  step  her  records  and 
monuments  must  be  wiped  out.  In  short,  it 
is  an  effective  illustration  of  the  first  article 
in  Major  Pawkins's  creed,  "  Run  a  moist  pen 
slick  through  everything,  and  start  afresh." 

But  that  the  Socialist  doctrines  on  these 
matters  were  not  mere  theoretical  opinions 
was  shown  when,  three  years  ago,  the  party 
succeeded  in  capturing  the  municipal  govern- 
ment of  Bologna.  One  of  their  first  acts  on 
that  occasion  was  to  place  the  City  Library 
under  the  management  of  a  distributore — an 
attendant  who  gives  the  books  to  the  readers 
— and  to  abolish  the  office  of  the  Keeper  of 
the  City  Museum.  They  dared  not  shut  up 
the  Museum  and  Library  offhand,  but  they 
took  the  first  step  towards  it.  This  must 
have  been  known  to  the  Government,  and  it 
might  naturally  have  been  expected  that  it 
would  at  least  keep  the  conservation  of  the 
national  monuments  in  its  own  hands.  Only 
a  short  time  back  the  Minister  of  Public 
Instruction  made  a  pompous  announcement 
of  his  intentions  with  reference  to  the  monu- 
ments and  the  national  art  treasures.  One 
item  of  the  performance  was  the  "  archaeo- 
logical promenade  "  (!),  which  was  to  be  con- 
structed in  Rome.  It  would  be  interesting 
to  learn  if  the  demolition  of  the  Aurelian  wall 
forms  part  of  the  scheme.  Public  opinion 
has  surely  a  right  to  know  this.  Further, 
who  in  future  will  be  responsible  for  the  pre- 
servation of  the  ancient  monuments  at 
Rome  ?  To  whom,  since  all  are  in  danger, 
can  the  appeal  for  their  preservation 
be  made  ?  It  is  related  that  one  of 
the  most  picturesque  and  historically 
important  stretches  of  the  old  Byzantine 
walls  of  Constantinople  owes  its  preserva- 
tion to  the  prompt  action  of  an  English 
ambassador  to  the  Porte  in  the  last  century. 
The  story  is  that  his  excellency,  who  was 
a  man  of  fine  taste  and  culture,  was 
accustomed  to  take  his  daily  ride  along 
the  road  outside  the  walls  of  Stamboul, 
which,  indeed,  offers  a  series  of  pictures 
remarkable  for  their  grave  beauty  and 
touching  associations.  One  fine  afternoon 
the  ambassador,  observing  an  unusual  stir 
at  an  especially  interesting  part  of  the 
Byzantine  fortifications,  rode  up  to  the 
spot,  and  there  learnt  that  preparations 
were  being  made  to  demolish  the  wall  for 
building  materials  (the  permission  to  do  so 
had  been  given  by  the  Sultan  to  his 
mother).  Straightway  the  ambassador  rode 
to  the  Imperial  Palace  and  demanded  an 
audienco  with  the  Sultan.  The  details  of 
the  reception  or  the  arguments  employed 
by  his  excellency  were  unknown  ;  the  result, 
however,  was  that  the  nefarious  project  was 
forthwith  abandoned.  In  the  present  case 
the  appeal  must  be  made  to  intelligent 
Italians  throughout  the  country.  Already 
we  hoar  that  the  more  important  journals, 
both  of  Northern  and  Southern  Italy,  are 
unanimous  in  their  condemnation  of  the 
outrage.  In  Rome  itself  one  authoritative 
voice  has  given  expression  to  the  national 
"sorrow,  shame,  and  disgust,"  but  Prof. 
Boni  is  a  North  Italian,  and  not  a  Roman. 
Readers  of  Gregorovius's  '  History  of  the 
City  of  Rome  in  the  Middle  Ages '  will 
remember  that  in  the  course  of  his  narra- 
tive the  historian  cites  letters  from 
foreigners  describing  the  manners  and 
customs  of  the  Romans  at  various  times 
of  the  mediaeval  period,  and  that  the 
writers  are  pretty  unanimous  and  outspoken 
in  their  verdicts.  Apparently,  in  certain 
re  peots,  the  Romans  are  not  much  given  to 
change. 


.-)() 


T  ii  E    AT  ii  i:\m-:  r  m 


No.  418.,,  .Ian.  11,  1908 


3ft nr- Art  (CJoiiGip. 


Tin  Burlington  Magatint  printi  this 
month  its  tlurd  editorial  article  oonoerning 
the  deeore>tion  of  the  Palace  of  Westminster, 
bing  a  competition  by  selected 
members  of  societies  rather  than  individuals. 
A  beginning  might  bo  made 

"bjT  the   selection   of    twenty  t"\ir    artists;    twelve 

of  these  would  be  nominated  by  the  Royal  Aca- 
demy, and  twelve  by  the  outside  societies,  each 
society  naturally  picking  the  two  or  three  memU-rs 


of   its   body  who,  by  the  consent  of  their  fellows, 

"  iea 
work. 


were   best  qualified    to    produce    fine  decorative 


The  scheme  seems  to  us  so  reasonable  as 
to  deserve  the  earnest  attention  of  Parlia- 
ment and  the  public. 

Mr.  William  Strang  has  been  elected 
Vice-President  of  the  International  Society 
in  succession  to  Mr.  Lavery.  Mr.  Strang 
is  well  fitted  for  the  post,  for  he  belongs 
to  the  select  class  of  English  artists  who 
have  a  continental  reputation. 

The  death  at  Cagnes  is  announced  of 
M.  Eugene  Vidal,  a  member  of  the  French 
Societe  Nationale  des  Beaux-Arts,  to  the 
Salon  of  which  he  was  a  regular  contributor, 
usually  of  portraits,  but  sometimes  of  fancy 
subjects  and  landscapes.  He  is  represented 
at  the  Luxembourg  by  a  pastel  '  Jeune 
Fille  au  Corset  rose  '  ;  at  the  Cercle  Volney 
by  '  La  Fleur  de  Montmartre  '  ;  and  in  the 
Museum  at  Algiers  by  one  of  his  most 
successful  portraits,  Cardinal  Lavigerie. 

The  Dublin  Municipal  Gallery  op 
Modern  Art  will  be  opened  to  the  public 
on  the  20th  inst.  The  collection,  both  of 
pictures  and  sculpture,  is  exceptionally  good, 
and  includes  five  examples  of  the  art  of 
Rodin,  a  Renoir,  two  important  Manets,  a 
beautiful  early  portrait  by  Watts,  a 
fine  collection  of  Barbizon  pictures,  and 
excellent  things  by  Mancini  and  other  con- 
temporary painters. 

Amongst  recent  additions  to  the  National 
Gallery  of  Ireland  are  a  small  portrait  of 
Carlo  Pellegrini  by  Bastien  Lepage  ;  two 
examples  of  the  Horemans  (father  and  son), 
the  gift  of  Mr.  Hugh  Lane  ;  a  fine  land- 
scape by  the  Irish  painter  Mr.  Nathaniel 
Hone ;  and  some  interesting  early  views 
of  Dublin. 

The  Georgian  Society,  which  has  just 
been  founded  in  Dublin,  has  for  its  object 
the  securing  of  a  permanent  record  of  the 
fast-disappearing  details  of  the  older  houses 
of  Dublin,  which  are  in  many  cases  excellent 
examples  of  eighteenth-century  work.  A 
provisional  committee,  composed  of  members 
of  the  Architectural  Association  of  Ireland 
and  others  interested  in  the  project,  has 
been  formed,  and  has  recommended  the 
reproduction  of  sketches,  photographs,  and 
measured  drawings.  The  annual  subscrip- 
tion is  a  guinea,  and  the  Hon.  Secretary  is 
Mr.  Page  L.  Dickinson,  1 3,  South  Frederick 
Street,  Dublin. 

We  have  received  the  first  number  of 
Vita  a"  Arte,  a  new  monthly  review  of  art 
ancient  and  modern,  published  at  the 
Piazza  Abbadia,  4,  Siena.  There  is  a  strong 
list  of  supporters,  and  the  review  is  well 
illustrated.  Corrado  Ricci  writes  on  the 
Medusa  head  attributed  to  Leonardo  in  the 
Uffizi,  and  Angelo  Conti  on  '  La  Statua 
d'  Anzio  '  ;  while  Giovanni  Papini  begins  a 
series  of  '  Disegnatori  Italiani  '  with  a  notice 
of  Alberto  Martini,  whose  imaginative  work 
shows  promise,  but  is  not  much  to  our  taste. 

Prof.  Ronald  M.  Burrows's  work  on 
'  The  Discoveries  in  Crete,'  which  we  noticed 
at  length  last  year,  has  reached  a  second 
edition,  and  contains  the  latest  information 
on    these    discoveries,    bringing    the    story 


down     to     the     last     months    of     1!MI7. 

volume  is  published  by  .Mr.  Mum 


The 


KXIIIIIITIONH. 


Hai.  (Jiui.  111.— Alloa  In  WoadarWnd,  Dmwtaga  bg  Mr  Atlhur  IU.  k 
li.im.  Private  View,  I..  Oalli  i  ick. 

—  Kl.lilnan    l>>     II      1'      9      0*111    and   olli.r..    l.ltli<.|rrm|iiia    l'\ 

Btetnlen  and  others,  Boulpturi  •  l>»  T  Stirling  i,  . 

and  01  ed  by  C   K.  A    Voyaey,  Kowlei  Gallery. 

—  LfimUcai*    l'uintinu.   l,y   Dm   lata   lloir-.  I'rirate 

\  lav,  I.,  i.  .-t.  i  (.  Oil 

—  Oxford,  Uambrldga,  London,  and  aomt  French  T<.wim,  v. 

Colours   by   Mi.   lluii^lii.   Fletcher,  Privnta  view,  (joupll 
Gallery. 

—  Paintings    and    Drawings   by   Gainsborough,    Bomney,   and 

11. mulcts;  al»o   Miniatures  and   Uiiiuahoruugli   Kngrai  iiii/s. 
Bydar  GaileiT. 

—  Pictures  bj  BeOOI  Pineda  after  Velasquez.  South  Kensington 

Art  Gallarlaa. 

—  \  anloe  and  Holland,  Water-Ooloari  by  Mr.  Wynne  Apparley, 

Prlrate  View.  Leicester  Galleriea. 
Fm.       Society  of  Women  AltUTta,  Prlrata  W»W,  '■■■.  BuSblk  Street. 


MUSIC 


iKttsual  dosatp, 

Nicolai's  '  The  Merry  Wives  of  Windsor  ' 
was  revived  by  the  Carl  Rosa  Opera  Company 
at  Co  vent  Garden  on  Thursday  of  last  week. 
Apart  from  the  scene  of  the  drinking  bout 
in  the  second  act,  the  opera  has  many 
pleasant  features,  and  the  singers  selected 
for  the  occasion  acquitted  themselves  ably. 
Miss  Doris  Woodall  and  Miss  Elizabeth 
Burgess  sang  the  duet  for  the  merry  wives 
with  much  vivacity  ;  and  Miss  Ina  Hill, 
the  representative  of  Sweet  Anne  Page, 
was  also  efficient,  her  share  in  the  duet 
with  Fenton  being  rendered  with  fluency  and 
charm.  Here  Mr.  Edward  Davies  lent  valu- 
able aid.  Mr.  Arthur  Winckworth  was 
amusing  as  the  fat  knight,  using  Ins  sonorous 
voice  effectively  ;  and  Mr.  Charles  Victor 
gave  a  clever  sketch  of  the  jealous  Ford. 

Goring  Thomas's  '  Esmeralda '  was 
revived  on  the  following  evening.  Origin- 
ally produced  at  Drury  Lane  by  Carl  Rosa 
in  1883,  it  was  given  seven  years  later,  in  a 
French  version,  at  Covent  Garden,  with 
Madame  Melba,  M.  Jean  de  Reszke,  and  M. 
Lassalle  in  the  cast.  The  writing  for  the 
voices  is  fanciful  and  charming,  but  the 
continual  employment  of  the  same  orchestral 
devices  tends  to  diminish  interest  as  the 
work  proceeds.  In  the  first  act,  with  its  wild 
scenes  in  the  Beggars'  Quarter  of  Paris,  the 
work  made  a  decided  impression  ;  in 
the  last,  inspiration  was  almost  entirely 
lacking.  Miss  Elizabeth  Burgess  as  the 
gipsy  heroine  sang  her  music — which,  like 
that  for  Phoebus,  is  essentially  French  in 
character — with  notable  intelligence  and 
warmth.  The  impassioned  and  melodious 
love  duet  for  Esmeralda  and  Phoebus  was 
ably  interpreted  by  Miss  Burgess  and  Mr. 
Walter  Wheatley.  Miss  Ina  Hill  sang  the 
dainty  phrases  of  Fleur-de-Lys  in  vivacious 
style  ;  and  the  roles  of  Frollo  and  Quasimodo 
were  safely  entrusted  to  Mr.  Winckworth 
and  Mr.  Victor.  Mr.  Goossens  conducted, 
and  the  choruses  were  splendidly  sung. 
Altogether,  the  season,  which  concludes 
to-night,  has  been  carried  through  in  a 
manner  that  reflects  credit  on  the  Carl  Rosa 
artists  and  the  management. 

On  Tuesday,  December  31st,  M.  Gailhard 
ceased,  after  many  years,  to  be  director  of 
the  Paris  Opera.  The  house  will  remain 
closed  until  about  the  25th  of  this  month. 
The  first  opera  which  the  new  directors, 
Messrs.  Messager  and  Broussan,  intend  to 
produce  will  be  Gounod's  '  Faust,'  with  new 
scenery  and  new  costumes. 

Fraulein  Else  Gipser  at  her  pianoforte 
recital  at  Bechstein  Hall  on  Wednesday 
evening  placed  at  the  head  of  the  programme 
Max  Reger's  Variations  and  Fugue  on  a 
Theme  by  J.  S.  Bach.  There  is  much  that 
is  vague,  and  at  times  one  might  almost  say 
flashy,  in  the  music,  while  what  is  good  in  it 
comes  not  from  the  heart,  but  from  the  head. 


The  nrork  is  long,  ai  •  mely  difficult ; 

but  Fraulein  Gipser  interpreted  it  with 
unflagging  energy,   though   here  end  th< 

the  toic-  ua-  hard.     Her  intetpr  eta  lion 

Sonata  in  i..  Op.   lD'j,  was  more 

satisfactory.  She  was  best  in  the  Varia- 
tions, with  the  exception  <>f  the  last  one, 
the  rendering  of  vrhieh  was  rough. 

AMONG  the  Beethoven  documents  recently 
discovered  by  Major-Auditor  Hajdecki  is  a 
memorial,    in    the    composers    handwritc 
concerning  the  guardianship  of  his  nep). 
addressed     to     toe     Vienna    magistrate.      It 
was  known  that  such  a  document  had  1 
written,    but   not    what    had    become    of   it. 
In  it  Beethoven,  among  other  things,  states 
that  in    1818  he  took  his  nephew  Karl  to 
the  pastor  at  Modling,  who  had  been  recom- 
mended   to    him    as   a   good    preceptor    for 
young  boys.     "  Unfortunately,  I  soon  found 
out,"  he  says, 

"  that  I  was  mistaken  in  the  Herr  Pfarrer.  On 
Monday  this  clergyman  had  not  slept  off  the 
effects  of  his  Sunday's  drinking  bout,  and  was  like 
a  wild  animal.  I  was  ashamed  for  our  religion 
that  such  a  man  should  be  a  preacher  of  the 
GrospeL" 

A  copy  of  a  letter  by  Beethoven  to  this 
Vienna  magistrate  was  found  in  the  Berlin 
Library  by  Dr.  Alf.  C.  Kalischer,  and  pub- 
lished by  him  in  Die  Musik  (Heft  6,  1902), 
which  is  evidently  connected  with,  and 
possibly  forms  part  of,  the  document  from 
which  the  above  and  other  extracts  have 
been  published  in  Die  Zeit.  In  the  Berlin 
letter  there  is  also  a  reference  to  the  "  Pfarrer 
von  Modling,  in  ill  repute  with  his  parish- 
ioners." 

The  death  of  M.  Maurice  Maquet  at  the 
early  age  of  forty -four  will  be  deeply  felt,  not 
only  at  Lille,  where  in  1889  he  founded  a 
Societe  de  Musique,  but  generally  in  the 
north  of  France.  The  society,  composed  of  a 
large  choir  and  orchestra,  gave  concerts  every 
year  under  the  direction  of  M.  Maquet,  at 
which  important  works  by  Bach,  Berlioz, 
Cesar  Franck,  Brahms,  Saint-Saens,  and 
others  were  performed. 

The  Cologne  Male  Choral  Society  will 
visit  England  next  May,  giving  performances 
in  London,  and  also  in  Sheffield  and  other 
Yorkshire  towns.  Their  last  visit  to  England 
was  in  June,  1853,  when  they  sang  before 
Queen  Victoria  and  the  Prince  Consort. 

Dvorak's  '  The  Spectie's  Bride,'  produced 
at  the  Birmingham  Festival  of  1885  under 
his  own  direction,  has  recently  been 
performed  at  Vienna,  and,  it  is  said,  for  the 
first  time  in  German. 

The  Allgemeinc  Musik-Zeitung  of  the 
3rd  inst.  states  that,  according  to  the  latest 
news,  all  tickets  are  sold  for  the  Bayreuth 
festival  performances  between  July  22nd 
and  August  1st,  also  for  the  two  cycles  of 
the  '  Ring.' 


PERFORMANCES  NEXT  WEEK. 

8rcs.  Concert,  3.30,  Altwrt  Hall. 

—  Sunday  Society  Concert.  :>.:to.  Queen's  Hall. 

—  Sundur  Leagua  Concert.  T,  Queen's  Hall. 

Wt:n.  Mile.  Jeanne  Illanehard's  Pianoforte  Recital,  3,  Stcinway  Hall. 

—  Prof.  Krui-es  Violin  Recital,  8.30.  Bcchstein  Hall. 
S*t.  Mozart  Society,  3,  Portman  Rooms. 

—  Symphony  Concert.  Queen's  Hall  Orchestra,  3,  Queen's  Hall. 


DRAMA 


THE  WEEK. 

His  Majesty's. — The  Mystery  of  Edwin 
Drood.  By  J.  Comyns  Carr.  Founded 
on  Charles  Dickens's  Unfinished  Novel. 
Mr.  Carr  need  hardly  be  told  that  his 
'  Edwin  Drood '  is  no  more  than  melo- 
drama of  the  eerie,  blood-curdling  sort. 
There    was   never   a  Dickens  adaptation 


No.  4185,  Jan.  11,  1908 


THE    ATHENAEUM 


51 


that  was  much  else  than  melodrama. 
His  genius  was  essentially  fantastic. 
His  creations  have  often  some  fad  or 
eccentricity  which  differentiates  them 
from  ordinary  humanity.  In  their  own 
imaginary  world  and  in  their  mutual 
relations  they  are  normal,  real  enough; 
but  they  owe  their  reality  to  their  author's 
incomparable  power  of  improvisation. 
But  robbed  of  their  setting  of  descrip- 
tive detail,  cramped  in  the  narrow 
frame  of  the  stage,  they  become,  for 
the  most  part,  unsubstantial  figures ; 
and  their  adventures — so  picturesque,  so 
full  of  colour  and  vivacity,  in  the  written 
text — take  on,  under  the  glare  of  the 
footlights,  an  aspect  of  exaggeration  and 
sensationalism.  Mr.  Carr  is  not  to  be 
blamed  for  turning  a  Dickens  story  to 
the  uses  of  the  theatre ;  the  novelist 
himself  sanctioned  the  practice.  Nor  can 
the  adapter  fairly  be  reproached  with 
irreverence  for  proposing  a  solution  of 
the  problem  which  death  prevented 
Dickens  from  giving.  Mr.  Carr's  play  is 
faulty  rather  because  such  melodrama  as 
he  provides  is  bald  and  monotonous,  and 
because  his  explanation  of  the  mystery 
results  in  a  tame  ending. 

Here  in  a  sentence  or  two  is  Mr.  Carr's 
solution  :  John  Jasper  did  not  murder 
his  nephew,  Edwin  Drood  ;  he  only,  while 
affected  by  drugs,  thought  he  did  so ; 
the  lad  sees  his  uncle  late  at  night  per- 
forming in  pantomime  an  imaginary  act 
of  murder,  overhears  words  showing  that 
he  himself  is  the  supposed  victim,  and  so, 
in  horror  and  fear,  makes  his  escape 
abroad  to  safe  hiding.  It  is  Mr.  Carr's 
opinion  that  the  scene  of  Jasper  in  the 
opium  den,  which  opens  the  novel,  strikes 
its  key-note.  He  therefore  begins  his 
piece  with  this  passage,  and  allows  his 
whole  play  to  be  dominated  by  the  effects 
of  opium,  the  signs  of  delirium.  We 
are  introduced,  of  course,  to  Edwin 
Drood  and  Rosa  Bud,  the  young  lovers 
who  resent  having  been  betrothed  arbi- 
trarily by  dead  hands ;  but  they  derive 
only  a  reflected  individuality  from  Jasper's 
passion  for  the  girl  and  murderous  inten- 
tions towards  her  sweetheart.  Mr.  Carr, 
too,  uses  Neville  Landless,  the  lad  on 
whom  suspicion  unjustly  falls ;  retains 
Helena  Landless  and  breezy  Canon 
Crisparkle  as  lay  figures ;  and  employs 
Rosa's  guardian,  the  dry  old  lawyer,  Mr. 
Grewgious,  to  take  up  the  trail  of  the 
true  criminal.  Durdles,  again,  the  drink- 
sodden  stonemason  who  has  learnt  a 
queer  philosophy  from  sojourning  among 
the  cathedral  tombs,  is  also  brought  on, 
but  merely  as  comic  relief,  not  as  an 
essential  part  of  the  plot.  Indeed,  all 
Mr.  Carr's  constructive  ingenuity  leaves 
him  half-way  through  his  third  act. 
Instead  of  knitting  the  various  threads  of 
the  story  together,  he  has  been  content 
with  making  a  piece  of  patchwork,  and 
producing  a  one-part  play.  Moreover,  as 
Jasper  is  always  being  called  on  to  behave 
and  speak  under  the  influence  of  opium, 
the  piece  gradually  becomes  wearisome 
from  its  sameness. 

It  may  seem  merely  an  academic 
point  that  the  dramatist's  solution    does 


not  cover  the  novelist's  data,  and  that 
Mr.  Carr's  cast  excludes  important-seem- 
ing characters — Tartar,  Sapsea,  Datchery. 
Lieut.  Tartar  might  well  disconcert  Mr. 
Carr  when  once  he  plumped  for  his  facile 
happy  ending,  for  the  fact  that  this 
gallant  sailor  so  soon  replaces  "  Eddy  " 
in  Rosa's  affection  distinctly  suggests 
that  Dickens  never  intended  to  bring 
about  his  "  hero's "  resurrection.  Mr. 
Sapsea,  the  pompous  mayor,  may  have 
fulfilled  his  task  as  comic  fool  of  the 
story.  But  Datchery,  especially  if  he 
be  Helena  Landless  in  disguise,  must 
have  been  intended  to  play  a  large  part 
in  the  elucidation  of  the  mystery.  It 
matters  little,  for  stage  purposes,  that 
Mr.  Carr's  theory  is  almost  certainly 
wrong  ;  it  matters  much  that  by  cutting 
himself  off  from  available  material,  he 
has  failed  to  get  any  interesting  develop- 
ments into  the  latter  part  of  his  drama. 

Despite  Mr.  Carr's  efforts  to  render 
the  part  of  Jasper  prominent,  Mr.  Tree 
has  largely  to  make  bricks  without 
straw.  His  Jasper  is  a  lurid,  flamboyant 
piece  of  portraiture,  worthy  of  compari- 
son with  his  Svengali  and  Macari ;  but 
just  because  the  playwright  rarely 
elaborates  sufficiently  any  one  scene,  Mr. 
Tree  is  inclined  to  over-elaborate  his 
effects.  Watch  the  interview  between 
Grewgious  and  Jasper,  in  which  the 
latter  should  preserve  an  air  of  studied 
unconcern.  The  actor's  fingers  are  never 
still ;  they  touch  his  mouth  or  cheek, 
they  mop  his  brow  with  a  handkerchief, 
they  tap  the  table,  they  handle  articles 
lying  there.  But  there  are  other  points 
at  which  Mr.  Tree's  pantomime  is  admir- 
able, and  he  is  always  able  to  suggest 
magnetic  power  or  bizarre  personality. 
His  supporters  have  but  few  chances  in 
Mr.  Carr's  piece.  Mr.  Basil  Gill  is 
buoyant  as  Edwin  Drood  ;  Miss  Adrienne 
Augarde  is  a  sincere,  but  rather  modern 
Rosa ;  Miss  Constance  Collier  t'does  her 
best  with  the  part  of  Helena  Landless ; 
Mr.  Anson  proves  a  droll  Durdles  ;  and 
Mr.  Haviland  makes  something  out  of 
Mr.  Grewgious.  But  theirs  are  rather 
thankless  tasks. 


Court. — The  House  :  a  Play  in  Two  Acts. 
By  George  Gloriel. 

If  the  rest  were  only  as  good  as  the  first 
half,  what  a  wonderful  artistic  success 
Mr.  George  Gloriel's  miniature  drama 
'  The  House  '  might  have  been  !  As  it  is, 
one  can  congratulate  Mr.  Otto  Stuart  on 
having  discovered  a  dramatist  of  rare 
promise,  and  Mr.  Gloriel  on  having  pre- 
sented the  truest  study  of  English  low 
life  we  have  as  yet  seen  on  our  stage.  It 
is  just  a  picture — this  first  act — of  a  family 
of  four  living  in  a  single  room,  and  finding 
themselves  on  the  verge  of  starvation. 
The  quartet  includes  a  man  out  of 
work  and  his  wife,  their  precocious  young 
daughter,  and  the  wife's  aged  father  ;  and 
the  act  in  question  merely  shows  how  the 
woman,  having  come  to  her  decision  by 
stern  necessity,  persuades  her  daughter 
and  husband  that  hor  father  must  go  into 


the  workhouse,  and  finally  wrings  from 
the  old  man  his  consent  to  the  humiliation. 
There  is  not  the  smallest  exaggeration  in 
the  scene  :  it  is  harrowing  just  because  of 
the  bald  simplicity  of  the  dramatist's 
treatment.  He  does  not  sentimentalize  : 
the  painful  inarticulateness,  the  ugly 
poses  and  movements,  the  sudden  spasms 
of  uncontrolled  anger,  even  the  profanity 
of  the  class  to  which  they  belong,  are  all 
faithfully  realized.  Mr.  Gloriel's  photo- 
graphic accuracy  goes  so  far  as  the  re- 
production of  the  broken,  jerky  sentences 
characteristic  of  working  men  and  women. 
But  in  his  second  act,  as  if  he  were  weary 
of  the  mournfulness  of  his  own  present- 
ment of  the  misery  of  the  unemployed, 
Mr.  Gloriel  plunges  into  comic  extrava- 
gance. Back  comes  the  grandfather  to 
visit  his  relatives,  now  blessed  with  better 
fortune,  and  anxious  to  recover  him  from 
pauperdom,  and  tells  the  most  pre- 
posterous yarns  about  his  life  of  luxury 
in  the  workhouse.  His  tales,  at  first 
received  with  derision,  so  work  at  length 
on  his  son-in-law  that  the  latter  con- 
templates throwing  up  his  "  job  "  and 
following  his  relative  into  the  pauper's 
palace.  This  is  an  obvious  and  rather 
cheap  exaggeration  of  current  criticisms 
of  workhouses.  Mr.  Albert  Chevalier, 
who  impersonates  the  grandfather,  de- 
scribes the  comfort  of  the  "  house " 
with  delightful  zest  and  humour  ;  and  Mr. 
Holmes -Gore,  Miss  Alice  Beet,  and  Miss 
Mabel  Garden  all  give  performances 
beyond  reproach  as  the  other  members  of 
the  small  family.  One  thinks  all  the  more 
regretfully,  in  view  of  the  acting,  how  with 
a  little  more  restraint  the  playwright 
might  have  made  the  second  part  "of  his 
sketch  a  worthy  companion  of  the  first. 


Vaudeville. — Dear  Old  Charlie.  Adapted 
from  the  French  by  C.  H.  Brookfield. 

To  the  Palais  Royal  type  of  farce  belongs 
this  piece  of  Labiche's,  which  Mr.  Brook- 
field,  with  a  careful  regard  for  its  Gallic 
spice,  has  adapted  for  Mr.  Charles  Haw- 
trey.  It  is  a  play,  that  is  to  say,  full  of 
phrases  of  double  meaning,  and  postu- 
lating in  its  hero  a  past  of  very  dubious 
virtue.  Just  married,  this  Lothario  is 
pestered  by  the  affectionate  solicitations 
of  two  married  friends,  who  have  mistaken 
his  former  devotion  to  their  wives  for  a 
liking  for  themselves,  and  the  humour  of 
the  farce  turns  on  the  revelations  which 
they  innocently  make  before  the  hero's 
young  bride  of  the  havoc  he  wrought  in 
their  homes.  Morally  the  play  is  inde- 
fensible, but  it  has  the  excuse  of  being 
very  amusing  in  an  old-fashioned  way, 
and  of  providing  the  leading  actor  with 
a  typical  part.  How  blandly  Mr.  Hawtrev 
fibs  his  way  through  the  piece,  how  im- 
perturbably  he  faces  every  difficulty,  how 
resourceful,  yet  natural  is  his  art,  will 
readily  be  conceived.  The  cast  also  in- 
cludes Miss  Muriel  Beaumont,  charming 
as  the  bride,  and  Mr.  Holman  Clark  and 
Mr.  Charles  Groves,  capital  foils  for  one 
another  in  the  parts  of  the  two  friends. 


T  II  E     AT  II  KX.K  I'M 


No.  H85,  Jan.  11.  l 


Dramatic  ftassip, 

The  authoritative  life  <>f  Henrj  [rving 
will  be  published  bj  K<  re.  Longman  next 
autumn.  The  biography  is  being  written 
by  .Mr.  Austin  Brereton,  to  whom,  as  an  old 
iih-nil.  [rving  gave  much  valuable  material. 
Sir  Henry's  sons,  Mr.  II.  15.  [rving  and  Mr. 
Laurence  [rving,  who  arc  the  executors  under 
their  father's  will,  have  given  their  cordial 
oonsenl  to  Mr.  Brereton's  undertaking,  and 
have  supplied  all  the  records  and  other 
documents  relating  to  their  father  which 
they  possess.  As  this  will  be  the  authorized 
biography,  it  is  desirable  that  it  should  be 
as  comprehensive  as  possible,  and  all  owners 
of  letters  of  public  interest  in  regard  to  the 
subject,  whether  written  by  the  deceased 
actor  or  others,  are  requested  to  send  the 
same  for  perusal — and,  if  considered  desir- 
able, publication — to  Mr.  Austin  Brereton, 
26,  Suffolk  Street,  Pall  Mall,  S.W.,  who  will 
be  responsible  for  their  safety  and  immediate 
return. 

The  Committee  of  the  Irving  Memorial 
announce  that  a  site  has  been  granted  for 
his  statue  in  the  centre  of  the  broad  pavement 
to  the  north  of  the  National  Portrait  Gallery 
in  the  Charing  Cross  Road. 

Mr.  Percy  Fitzgerald  has  in  the  press 
a  new  work  entitled  '  The  Principles  and 
Limits  of  Shakesperian  Representation.' 
Its  aim  is  to  deal  scientifically  and  critically 
with  the  theoretical  representation  of  Shak- 
speare's  plays  in  olden  times  and  the  present 
day.  It  will  be  published  shortly  by  Mr. 
Elliot  Stock. 

Mlle.  Bartet  is  not  a  "  Feministe." 
After  a  fierce  controversy  it  was  decided 
to  open  the  governing  committee  of  the 
Theatre  Francais  to  women.  The  "  socie- 
taires,"  who  had  been  sharply  divided  on 
the  principle,  then  gracefully  became  unani- 
mous in  electing  their  greatest  actress. 
On  December  29th  Mlle.  Bartet  replied 
in  an  admirable  expression  of  the  opinion 
of  "an  old-fashioned  woman  "  :  "  pas 
preparee  a  cette  charge."  Its  duties  "sor- 
tent  des  aptitudes  que  j'ai  consacres  de 
toute  mon  ame  a  la  Comedie  Francaise." 
The  Ministry  then  begged  "  M.  Claretie  de 
demander  a  Madame  Bartet  de  revenir  sur 
sa  resolution."  At  an  interview  held  on  the 
3rd  inst.  the  great  actress,  styled  "  Madame" 
by  French  politeness,  appears  from  Le 
Temps  to  have  declared  her  firm  wish  "rester 
ce  qu'elle  est." 

It  is  stated  in  Paris  that  M.  Saidou  has 
promised  Mr.  Tree  to  write  for  him  to  play 
in  London  a  drama  in  which  Mirabeau  will 
be  the  leading  person. 


To  Correspondents.— E.  G.— A.  L.  H.— W.   R.  C— 

Received. 

E.  J.  M.— Not  suitable  for  us. 

J.   W.— Many  thanks. 

We  cannot  undertake  to  reply  to  inquiries  concerning  the 
appearance  of  reviews  of  books. 

We  do  not  undertake  to  give  the  value  of  books,  china, 
pictures,  &c. 

No  notice  can  be  taken  of  anonymous  communications. 


T 


H     E 


A     T     H     E     N     .ffi     U     M, 


PRICE  THREEPENCE. 
In  pnbUihed  every  FRIDAY  in  time  for  tin-  Afternoon  Mnfli,    Terms 

of  Subscription,  free  by  i>»*t  to  nil  i>:u-t«  ,.r  tlic  United  Kingdom  :  For 

BU   M"till,s.  7*.  M.  ;  fur  Twelve  Month*.   l.V.  :k/.     Kit  the  O.iitm   n! 

■nd  .ill  pluoM  within  the  Portal  Onion;  i'"r  six  Months,  to.;  tot 

Twelve  Mouths.  is«., commencing  From  any  date, payable  in  udruueeto 

JOHN  a  FRANCIS. 

Atbunooum  Office.  Bream's  Buildings,  Chancery  Lone,  London,  E.C. 


THE    MOORLANDS    PRESS, 

AT  LKKK,  IX  NORTH  8TAJTOBD6HIR] 


A  New  Scries   of   Works   of    Fiction, 
dealing  with  Actualities. 

LIFE'S     DESERT    WAY. 

By  KINETON    PABKE8, 

Author  of  '  Love  I  la  Mode' 

LIFE'S     DESERT     WAY. 

Price  C*. 
EARLY    PRESS    CRITICISMS. 

Time*.  -"The  aim  of  the  novel  is  to  show  the  influence 
of  nature  and  life  on  a  sensitive  character. .  .  The  drama  of 
the  book  is,  however,  in  London. ..  .There  is  a  creat  deal 
of  work,  and,  indeed,  thought,  put  into  the  book." 

Scotsman.— "  '  Lif e'a  Desert  Way'  is  both  a  clever  and  a 
M>lid  book.... In  an  earlier  book,  'Love  a  la  .Mode,'  Mr. 
Parkas  mined  a  reputation  for  wit  and  sarcastic  humour. 
With  '  Life's  Desert  Way  '  he  is  likely  to  obtain  a  more 
solid  triumph." 

Sheffield  Independent.—" Contains  work  that  one  feels  to 
be  honestly  imagined  ;  it  has  life  and  thought." 

Aberdeen  Free  Press. — "  Marvellously  true  to  life." 

Sheffield  Teletjraph.— "There  is  ten  times  the  amount  of 
brain  work  in  it  than  there  is  in  the  average  novel." 

Dundee  Advertiser. — "It  has  passages  of  great  beauty, 
moments  of  real  psychological  insight,  situations  of  poig- 
nant emotion." 

Western  Daily  Presn. — "It  is  a  capitally  conceived  story 
. . .  .told  with  skill  and  strength." 

Madame.— "  A    fascinating    book full     of     life     and 

character,  and  is  one  of  the  strongest  works  of  fiction  we 
have  seen  for  some  time." 

GOOD     BYE     TO     MARKET. 

By  R.    MURRAY   GILCHRIST, 

Author  of  'A  Peakland  Faggot.' 

[In  the  press. 
ILL 

GENEROUS      GODS. 


By  IRENE  BURN. 


[In  the  press. 


London:    SIMPKIN,  MARSHALL   &  CO.,  Ltd. 


rPHE  ATHENiEUM. 

SCALE  OF  CHARGES  FOR  ADVERTISEMENTS 

£   8.   d. 

5  Linen  of  Pearl 036 

75     (Half-Column) 1  16    0 

A  Column 330 

A  Page       990 

Auctions  and  Public  Institutions,  Fire  Lines  4s.,  and  ?d.  per  line  of 

Pearl  tj-pe  beyond. 

IN  THE  MEASUREMENT  OF  ADVERTISEMENTS,  CARE 

SHOULD  BE  TAKEN  TO  MEASURE  FROM 

RULE  TO   RULE. 

Advertisements  across  Two  Columns,  one-third  extra  beyond  the 

space  occupied,  the  first  charge  being  30s. 

JOHN  C.  FltANCIS  nnd  .7.  EIVWAFD  KKANCIS. 
The  Atheuieum  Office,  Lreuni's  Buildings,  Chancery  Line,  Loudon,  E.C. 


INDEX   TO    ADVERTISERS. 

— ♦— 

FACE 

Authors'  Agents      30 

Bell  &  Sons 52 

Business  for  Disposal      30 

Catalogues       29 

Constahle  &  Co 54 

Dent         32 

Duckworth  &  Co 53 

Educationai 29 

Exhibitions      29 

Hodges,  Figgis  &  Co 30 

Howell 30 

Hurst  &  Blackett 32 

Insurance  Companies         51 

Jack         55 

Lane         31 

Long         50 

Macmii.i.an  &  Co 32 

Magazines,  &c 55 

Miscellaneous 29 

Moorlands  Press 68 

Printers 54 

Sales  by  Auction 30 

situations  Vacant SB 

Situations  Wanted M 

societies 29 

Typewriters,  Ac 54 


MESSRS.      BELL 


ANNOUNCE: 


225  COPIES  ONLY   FOR  SALE. 


5ANDR0 
BOTTICELLI. 


l:V 


HERBERT  P.  HORNE. 

To  be  issued  in  two  volumes  (of  which  the 
first  will  be  issued  on  January  21),  printed 
at  the  Chiswick  Press,  on  Arnold's  hand- 
made paper.  The  first  volume  contains  the 
main  body  of  the  work,  dealing  with  the 
life  and  works  of  Botticelli,  together  with 
t,he  Appendix  of  original  documents;  it  is 
illustrated  by  43  Plates.  The  price  of  this 
volume  is  10/.  10s.  net.  The  Supplementary 
Volume,  containing  a  detailed  study  of  the 
school  of  Botticelli,  with  a  '  Catalogue 
Raisonne '  of  the  works  of  Botticelli  and 
his  school,  a  Bibliography,  and  a  full  Index 
to  both  volumes,  will  follow  as  soon 
possible.  The  price  will  not  exceed  51.  5s. 
net.  Orders  will  be  taken  only  for  the  two 
volumes. 

This  work,  which  has  been  in  preparation 
for  many  years,  deals  exhaustively  with  the 
life  and  works  of  Sandro  Botticelli,  and  of 
his  numerous  disciples  and  imitators.  It  is 
based  on  original  researches  in  the  archives 
of  Florence  and  elsewhere,  and  on  an 
extensive  critical  study  of  the  works  of  the 
master  and  his  school.  The  mass  of  the 
original  matter  which  the  writer  has 
collected  has  enabled  him  to  treat  the 
subject  for  the  first  time  upon  an  historical 
basis,  and  to  determine  the  chronological 
order  of  the  painter's  works. 

The  work  contains  a  '  Catalogue  Raisonne  ' 
of  all  the  known  paintings  and  drawings  of 
Botticelli  and  his  School,  and  of  those 
ascribed  to  him,  in  the  public  and  private 
collections  in  this  country,  Italy,  France, 
Germany,  the  United  States,  ifcc  ;  also  an 
Appendix  of  original  documents,  the  greater 
number  of  which  are  printed  for  the  first 
time.  It  is  illustrated  by  Reproductions  in 
Photogravure  of  Pictures  by  Botticelli  and 
his  School.  They  include  nearly  the  whole 
of  Botticelli's  genuine  works,  several  of  them 
being  reproduced  for  the  first  time.  With 
a  few  exceptions  the  pictures  have  all  been 
specially  photographed  by  Mr.  Emery 
talker,  who  has  also  made  and  printed 
all  the  plates. 


PROSPECTUS  ON  APPLICATION. 


London  :  GEORGE  BELL  &  SONS, 
York   House,    Portugal    Street,    W.C. 


No.  4185,  Jan.  11,  1908 


THE     ATHENAEUM 


53 


DUCKWORTH  &  CO.  S  NEW  &  FORTHCOMING  BOOKS 


ON    JANUARY    21. 

WANDERINGSin  ARABIA 

By  CHARLES  M.  DOUGHTY,  Author  of  « The  Dawn  in  Britain.' 

WITH  A  PORTRAIT  AND  MAP.      In  2  vols,  royal  8vo,  16s.  net. 

The  fullest  and  the  most  remarkable  book  that  has  ever  treated  of  Arabia  and  Arabic  life.  Mr. 
Doughty  accomplished  the  feat,  never  before  or  since  approached  by  any  European  traveller,  of  living  for 
a  year  and  a  half  among  the  Arab  tribes,  and  wandering,  while  openly  proclaiming  himself  a  Christian  and 
an  Englishman,  over  half  the  great  Arabian  peninsula.  Mr.  Doughty's  unmatched  knowledge  of  his  subject 
renders  his  book  indispensable  to  travellers  and  scholars.  The  reader  will  be  fascinated  by  the  human 
interest  and  adventurous  career  of  the  great  traveller. 


No.   10,   DOWNING   STREET,   WHITEHALL:    its  History 

and  Associations.     By  CHAS.  EYRE  PASCOE.     With  52  Illustrations.     Crown  4to, 
cloth  gilt,  21s.  net.  [Ready  January  21. 


LEGEND   AND   FOLKLORE   OF   THE   HOLY    LAND.       By 

J.    E.    HANATJER.      With    an    Introduction    by  MARMADUKE    PICKTHALL. 
Demy  8vo,  8s.  net. 


STOPFORD    BROOKE'S    NEW    VOLUME. 

STUDIES   IN   POETRY.     With   a   Photogravure   Portrait. 

Crown  8vo,  6s.  net.  [Second  Impression. 


WILLIAM    ARCHER    AND    GRANVILLE    BARKER. 

A  NATIONAL  THEATRE :  Schemes  and  Estimates.     Crown 

4to,  5s.  net. 


THE  PRE  RAPHAELITE   BROTHERHOOD.     By  Ford   Madox  Hueffer.     With   50  Illustrations. 


Leather  binding,  2«.  6d.  net ;  cloth,  2s.  net. 
A  handy  popular  volume  on  the  work  of  the  well-known  circle  of  English  painters. 


DELACROIX.     A  Monograph.     By  Dorothy  Bussey.    With 

26  Illustrations.    Crown  8vo,  5s.  net. 
"  An  excellent  idea  of  both  the  man  and  his  art." — Yorkshire  Post. 


ETHICS  OF  REVOLT.    By  Dr.  Greville  Macdonald.    Crown 

8vo,  5s.  net. 
"  Noteworthy  contributions  to  the  study  of  subjects  which  present  difficult  problems." 

Scotsman. 


REMBRANDT. 

7s.  6d.  net. 


By  Baldwin  Brown.    With  46  Illustrations. 


THE  INTERPRETATION  OF  NATURE  IN  EARLIER  GREEK 

ART      By  EMANUEL  LOWY,  Professor  in  the  University  of  Rome.     Translated 
by  JOHN  FOTHERGILL.     With  30  Illustrations.     Crown  8vo,  5s.  net. 


THOUGHTS  OF  LEONARDO  DA  VINCI  AS  RECORDED  IN  HIS  NOTE  BOOKS.     Edited  by 


EDWARD  McCURDY.     Uniform  with  'The  Roadmender.' 
"  For  the  thinker  there  could  be  no  more  delightful  gift-book.— 


With  a  Frontispiece. 
Daily  News. 


Fcap.  8vo,  cloth,  2s.  6d.  net. 


By  Arthur  Buckley.     Fcap.  8yo, 


GOD'S  THOROUGHFARE. 

cloth,  2s.  6d.  net. 

A  way  of  new  dimensions.  Being  an  investigation  made  by  a  Logician,  a  Scientist, 
and  a  Theologian  in  the  Forest  of  Science  and  other  places,  resulting  in  a  discovery  of 
New  Dimensions,  which  form  a  way  of  being  leading  to  the  Spiritual. 


THE  SEA  CHARM  OF  VENICE.     By  the  Rev.  Stopford  A. 

BROOKE.    Fcap.  Svo,  cloth,  2s.  6d.  net. 
An  essay  written  with  Mr.  Stopford  Brooke's  usual  distinction   of  style  on  the  debt 
which  Venice,  the  "Rome  at  sea,"  owes  to  her  sea  position  for  her  beauty  and  her  hold  on 
the  imagination.     Descriptive  rather  than  historical :  a  record  of  individual  impressions 
and  personal  feeling. 


MUIRHEAD    AND    GERTRUDE    BONE. 


CHILDREN'S     CHILDREN.    By  Gertrude   Bone. 

ILLUSTRATED  WITH  UPWARDS  OF  60  DRAWINGS  BY  MUIRHEAD  BONE. 


Ordinary  Edition,  6s.  net;  Limited  Edition  on  Japanese  Vellum  (200  Copies),  25s.  net. 

"  The  story  is  an  interesting  and  charming  example  of  *  intimism,'  if  we  may  borrow  a  word  from  the  painters.  With  its  gleams  of  humour,  its  gentleness,  its  reverent  pit  y ,  it  is  a 
very  tender  study  of  country  life,  written  by  one  who  must  know  that  life  well,  and  sees  it  closely  linked  with  the  earth  that  moulds  it.  And  since  the  earth,  the  landscape  of  lonely 
farms  and  Stretching  fields,  is  of  so  much  importance,  the  author  is  fortunate  in  having  for  interpreter  and  commentator  (rather  than  illustrator)  Mr.  Muhhead  Bone.  In  these 
sensitive  and  tender  drawings  of  fields  and  farms  and  their  inhabitants,  the  artist  of 'The  Great  Gantry' takes  us  far  from  the  towns.  Landscapes  and  figures  alike  are  full  of  the 
atmosphere  of  the  story  ;  they  catch  the  very  spirit  of  country  places,  and  of  the  people,  unbeautifnl  save  to  the  sympathetic  eye,  whose  hearts  the  author  lays  open."— TimM 

"  Mrs.  Bone's  tale  of  peasant  life  is  marked  by  a  fine  quality  of  restraint  and  a  remarkable  simplicity,  which  make  the  realism  of  its  tragedy  intensely  impressive,  while  there  is  no 
jarring  note  to  disturb  the  effect.  The  minor  characters  of  the  village  life,  with  their  tragedies  and  comedies,  are  also  drawn  with  fidelity.  The  same  impression  of  truth  which  finds 
its  Interpretation  in  a  dignified  simplicity  is  equally  characteristic  of  Mr.  Bone's  drawings,  with  which  the  book  is  illustrated."— A  theiurum. 


MEMOIRS  OF  A  SURREY  LABOURER.    By  George  Bourne, 

Author  of 'The  Betteswortb  Book.'  Crown  8vo,  6s. 
This  is  a  book  that  deals  with  a  real  character,  and  is  in  no  sense  fiction.  What  the 
author  has  done  is  to  render  a  faithful  portrait  of  an  old  gardener  of  his  who  is,  to  lovers 
of  the  country,  the  most  interesting  acquaintance  that  it  is  possible  to  meet.  The 
Spectator  says: — "He  [the  author]  tells  his  story  simply,  in  its  simple  setting  of  garden 
sights  and  sounds,  springing  crops,  cloudy  skies,  sweltering  sunshine  ;  and  his  picture  is  of 
the  real  English  peasant  labourer." 


By  J.  B.  Connolly.    With  8  Illus- 


THE   CRESTED   SEAS. 

trations.    Crown  8vo,  6s. 

"These  West  Newfoundland  tales,  humorous,  pathetic,  stirring,  are  all  redolent  of 
thai  strange  scent  that  seems  to  cling  to  the  tiling  of  the  sea.  Perhaps  none  is  more 
characteristic  than  (he  story  called  'The  Blasphemer,'  in  which  Mr.  James  Connolly 
1 1  Recta  so  perfectly  the  sailor's  religious  sense  -  his  belief  in  the  supernatural."     Qlobt, 


London:  DUCKWORTH  &  CO.  3,  Henrietta  Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C. 


54 


T  II  E     AT  II  KXJ;  I'  M 


No.  4186,  .Jan.  11,  1908 


(Tijpr-ouTiitnG,  &c. 

T\TK  win 1  in..,  7d  I- ■>   1,00ft    Ckrboi 
MrLOpO.    i>u|iiiiaiin<  from  m  Hiw-ui  i|i>. - 

tor  "  tii'i  Moral  C petition      '  >rd*n  uaentad  promptly.    Aocuncy 

ftuarautoctl  —  A    M.  P.  IS.  ilovtlly  Itoatl.  Bofluoy,  N. 


Al  I  !ln|;v  \|ss.  «i,/.  |..r  I, (hhi  words.— Sermons, 
I'Iaji.  ami  all  klndiof  TYPK  WRITING  onrnfiilly  ilnnr  nt  liorno 
(Hrniloftuir.  Good  Paper.  Or,Ur»  promptly  eiri'iitmf.  Duplicating 
from  U.  «J.  per  lixi  —  M    L.  L..  18,  MtaUj  Boad,  OUpfeam,  i  I 

1  TYPE- WRITING  undertaken  by  highly  eduoated 
.     d  doal  Trtpoa;  OhmbrldM  Richer  I^H-ai  i   Modern 

I  Reacnrch,  Revialon,  Trnnslntion,  Shorthand.     Dictation 

Rooru.-TIIK   CAM  BKIUlJE   T\TE  WIUTIN'O  AUENL'Y.  10,  Duke 
BtTMt,  A.l.lrhi.  \\   c. 


Al'TJH  His'  Mss.,  NOVELS,  STORIES,  FLAYS, 
I  B8AT8  TYI'K  WHITTKN  with  complete  accuracy.  !•,/  pat 
1,000  words,  dear  Carbon  Ooplet  ruiinintir.l.  Ki-fi-i-i-ncea  to  well- 
known  Writers. -M.   HTUAKT.  Alleudale,  KymWley  Uoad.  Harrow. 

TYPE-WRITING,  9c?.  per  1,000  words.  All 
kinda  of  MSS.  Stories.  Plays,  Novels,  4c.  accurately  TYPED. 
Clear  Carbon  Copies  3d.  i>er  1,000.  References  to  well-known  Authors. 
Oxford  Higher  Local.— M.  KING,  M,  Forest  Road,  Kew  Gardens,  8.W. 

TV l'K- WRITING.— The  WEST  KENSINGTON 
OWWIOWB.  Author*'  MSS.,  Translations,  4c.  Legal  and  General 
Copying.  Circulars.  4c,  Duplicated.  TjBual  terms.  References. 
Established  fourteen  years.— SIKES  4  SIKES.  ■££),  Hammersmith 
Road,  W.     (Private  Address  :  IS,  Wolverton  Gardens,  Hammersmith.) 

THE  TYPE-WRITING  OFFICE  for  high-class 
work  of  every  description  Authors'  MSS.  10d.  per  1,000  words. 
Prompt.  Accurate. -ERNEST  C.  PEARCE.  F.Inc.S.T..  SO,  College 
Road,  Reading. 


|3rint*rs. 


ATHENJEUM  PRESS. -JOHN  EDWARD 
FRANCIS,  Printer  of  the  Athenimm,  Xotet  and  Oueries.  4c..  is 
prepared  to  SUBMIT  ESTIMATES  for  all  kinds  of  BOOK.  NEWS. 
and  PERIODICAL  PRINTING.— 13.  Breams  Bulldingi,  Chancery 
Lane,  E.C. 


ELEVENTH    EDITION    NOW    READY. 
Price  Two  Shillings  net. 

CELESTIAL    MOTIONS:    a    Handy    Book    of 
Astronomy.     Eleventh  Edition.     With  5  Plates.     By  W.  T. 
LYNN.  B.A.  F.R.A.S. 
"Well  known  as  one  of  our  best  introductions  to  astronomy." 

Guardian. 
London : 
SAMUEL  BAGSTER  4  SONS,  Limited,  15,  Paternoster  Row. 


NINTH    EDITION    IN    THE    PRESS. 
Fcap.  8vo,  cloth,  price  Sixpence. 

REMARKABLE  ECLIPSES  :  a  Sketch  of  the 
most  interesting  Circumstances  connected  with  the  Observation 
of  Solar  and  Lunar  Eclipses,  both  in  Ancient  and  Modern  Times.  By 
W.  T.  LYNN,  B.A.  F.R.A.S. 

London : 
SAMUEL  BAGSTER  4  SONS,  Limited,  15,  Paternoster  Row. 


THIRTEENTH  EDITION  JUST  OUT,  price  Sixpence,  cloth. 

REMARKABLE    COMETS  :   a  Brief  Survey  of 
the  most  interesting  Facts  in  the  History  of  Cometary  Astro- 
nomy.    By  \V.  T.  LYNN,  B.A.  F.R.A.S. 
London  : 
SAMUEL  BAGSTER  *  SONS,  Limited,  15,  Paternoster  Row. 


Insurant*  Companies. 

¥ATIONAL 

pROVIDENT 

INSTITUTION 

FOR 

MUTUAL     LIFE     ASSURANCE. 

Established  1835. 

ASSURANCE    AND    INVESTMENT. 

Write  for  Leaflet  on  net  cost  of  Endowment  Assurances. 

48,  Gracechurch  Street,  London,  E.C. 

Applications  for  Agencies  invited. 


ACCIDENTS  OF  ALL  KINDS,  SICKNESS, 

EMPLOYERS'  LIABILITY,  BURGLARY,  AND 

FIDELITY  GUARANTEE  RISKS 

INSURED  AGAINST  BY  THE 

"RAILWAY  PASSENGERS'  ASSURANCE  CO. 

Capital  (fully  subacribod)  £1,000,000.         Claims  paid  £5.400.000. 


64,  CORNHILL,  LONDON. 


THE    VICTORIA    HISTORY    OF    THE 
COUNTIES   OF  ENGLAND. 

NOTICE. 

Owing  to  the  great  amount  of  additional  material  which 
has  been  collected  and  which  it  has  been  decided  to 
include  in  the  volumes  dealing  with  Topography  —the 
Histories  of  Boroughs,  Towns,  Parishes,  and  Villages 
— it  has  already  been  necessary  to  add  some  additional 
volumes  to  certain  of  the  Counties  of  England  dealt  with 
in  the  Victoria  History.  Hitherto  these  additional 
volumes  have  been  included  without  extra  cost  to  the 
subscriber.  It  has  now  been  decided  to  add  certain  further 
volumes,  and  a  new  schedule  of  volumes  and  prices 
will  be  issued  and  take  effect  on  and  after  April  1, 
1908,  on  which  all  volumes  published  will  be 
charged  for.  Those  who  wish  to  avail  themselves  of  the 
present  schedule  should  therefore  apply  for  prospectus 
and  order  forms  without  delay,  either  to  any  Book- 
seller in  town  and  country,  or  to  Messrs.  Archibald 
Constable  &  Co.  Ltd.  10  Orange  Street,  Leicester 
Square,  London,  W.C. 

All  particulars  of  volumes 
already  issued,  and  those  next 
forthcoming  from  the  Press, 
Prospectuses,  and  descriptive 
Pamphlets,  sent  post  free  on 
application    to   the   Publishers. 


THE    HOUBLON   FAMILY: 

Its  History  and  Times. 
By  Lady  ALICE  ARCHER  HOUBLON. 

Containing  numerous  Illustrations. 
2  vols,  demy  8vo,  31s.  6cZ.  net. 

"  The  value  of  this  book  lies  in  the  pictures  of  society  at 
various  times  since  the  Fifteenth  Century.  The  author  has 
been  very  painstaking  in  her  researches,  and  has  embodied 
the  results  of  wide  reading."— Daily  News. 

"She  has  spared  no  trouble  and  research  in  making  her 
narrative  attractive,  as  well  as  complete,  and  the  outcome 
is  a  work  which  is  worthy  of  claiming  a  place  beside  the 
most  valuable  and  most  entertaining  books  of  the  kind  that 
have  appeared  in  recent  years." — Scotsman. 


DYOTT'S    DIARY,    1781-1845. 

A   Selection  from  the   Journal   of   William 

Dyott,  sometime  General  in  the  British  Army 

and  Aide-de-Camp   to    His    Majesty    King 

George  III. 

Edited  by  REGINALD  W.JEFFERY,M.  A. 

Brasenose  College. 

With  Portraits. 

In  2  vols,  demy  8vo,  31s.  6d.  net. 

"From  youth  to  old  age  he  jotted  down  in  pithy, 
uncompromising  terms  his  impressions  and  verdicts  on  the 
men  he  met,  and  the  movements  he  witnessed,  in  the  course 
of  a  long  and  active  life.  This  sort  of  book — it  is  a  veritable 
human  document — throws  often  deliberately,  but  quite  as 
often  unconsciously,  vivid  little  bits  of  colour  on  the  page 
of  history.  The  Dyott  family  has  been  settled  in  Stafford- 
shire since  the  year  in  which  Mary  Tudor  came  to  the 
throne,  and  when  Cavaliers  and  Roundheads  drew  swords 
more  than  one  member  of  it  played  a  gallant  part  in  the 

Royalist  cause.    General  Dyott began  his  distinguished 

military  career  as  an  ensign  in  the  Fourth  Regiment.  He 
rose  in  due  course  to  the  rank  of  aide-de-camp  of  George 
III.,  and  when  William  IV.  became  king  he  was  gazetted 
general.  He  saw  a  good  deal  of  active  service  first  and  list . 
but  that  was  common  in  those  days  ;  what  is  uncommon  in 
t  hwe  days  is  the  fact  that  he  kept  a  diary  excellently  well, 
that  it  has  now  leaped  to  light,  and  is  full  of  good  stuff." 

Standard. 


FACTORS    IN    MODERN 
HISTORY. 

By    A.    F.    POLLARD, 

Professor  of  Constitutional  History  at  University 
College,    London. 

7s.  6d.  net. 

"  Mr.  Pollard  is  possessed  in  quite  a  rare  degree  of  the 
balance  of  temperament  that  we  associate  with  the  ideal 
historian. ..  .There  are  pages  in  this  volume  which  those 
who  really  care  for  history  will  read  over  and  over  again 
to  enjoy  their  mingled  strength  and  iridescence. ..  Mr. 
Pollard  has  given  us  a  book  which  may  not  improbably 
come  to  be  regarded  as  indispensable  to  the  most  modest 
pretensions  of  historical  culture." — Pall  Mall  Gazette. 

"  There  are  few  books  to  which  one  could  more  confidently 
send  intelligent  students..  ..It  is  a  book  one  could  wish  to 

see  widely  circulated A  most  stimulating   ami  useful 

book." — Morning  Post. 

"History  in  his  hands  is  full  of  colour  and  human 
interest." — Nation. 

"A  volume  which  any  student  of  English  history  might 
read  with  profit."— Scotsman. 


MORE    PAGES     FROM     THE 

DAY-BOOK    OF    BETHIA 

HARDACRE. 

By  Mrs.  FULLER  MAITLAND, 

Author  of    •  The   Day-Book  of  Bethia   Hardacre. 
Post  8vo,  6s. 

"Those  who  have  read  the  first  batch  of  pages  from  'The 
Day-Book  of  Kethia  Hardacre'  will  give  a  hearty  welcome 
to  another  book  by  Klla  Fuller  Maitland.  The  second 
partakes  to  a  large  extent  of  the  character  of  its  pre- 
decessor. Her  notebook  is  a  charming  miscellany  of 
extracts  and  observations." — Country  Life. 

"Among  the  most  pleasant  writers  of  thoughful  and 
enlightening  gossip  about  emotions,  ideas,  and  literature 
may  be  reckoned  Mrs.  Klla  Kuller  Maitland.  She  writes 
for  the  observer,  the  lover  of  nature,  and  for  the  dreamer 
r&thex  than  for  the  philosopher  or  the  inent.il  analyst  :  the 
everyday  man  may  keep  this  book  by  his  side,  and  gather 
a  pleasant  thought  to  carry  in  his  mind  each  time  that  he 
reads  a  page  or  so.  It  is  :\  delightful  book  in  itself,  and  it 
should  send  us  to  the  study  of  many  an  early  writer  upon 
the  beauty  of  the  earth  and  its  lesser  inhabitants,  and  upon 
the  ways  of  man." — Daily  Telegraph. 


A.  VIAN,  Secretary. 


London :    ARCHIBALD  CONSTABLE  &  CO.  Ltd.  10  Orange  Street,  W.C. 


No.  4185,  Jan. 


11,  1908 


THE     ATHENiEUM 


55 


THE    TUDOR    FACSIMILE    TEXTS. 

Old  Plays  and  Other  Printed  and   MS.  Rarities. 

EXACT  COLLOTYPE  REPRODUCTIONS  IN  FOLIO  AND  QUARTO. 

Under  the  General  Editorship  and  Supervision  of 

JOHN   S.   FARMER. 

ASSISTED  BY  CRAFTSMEN  OF  REPUTE  AND  STANDING. 

This  is  the  first  systematic  and  serious  attempt  to  reprint  pre-Shakespearean  literature  in  facsimile  ;  and,  in  view  of 

the  fact  that  the  choicest  examples  of  early  English  presses  are  almost  without  exception  of  extreme  rarity,  practically 

unobtainable,  and  of  prohibitive  value,  it  is  difficult  to  over-estimate  the  importance  of  the  present  undertaking. 

Scholars,  in  common  with  professors,  teachers,  students,  and  lovers  of  English— the  language  or  its  literature- 
including  the  custodians  of  University  and  Reference  Libraries  the  world  over,  have  had  hitherto  to  deplore  the  fact  that, 
notwithstanding  the  notable  improvement  of  late  years  in  the  processes  of  mechanical  reproduction,  so  many  of  the 
rarities  of  early  printing  and  the  priceless  treasures  of  early  English  literature  are,  comparatively  speaking,  sealed  to 
general  scholarship  and  research.    To  remove  that  reproach  is  the  object  now  in  view. 

The  Tudor  Facsimile  Texts  will  follow  the  originals  as  nearly  as  the  resources  of  modern  art  and  craft  will  allow. 
It  is  assnmed  as  a  working  basis  that  the  next  best  thing  to  possessing  an  original  copy— and  it  is  now  next  to  impossible 
to  be  so  fortunately  placed — is  to  have  before  one  a  facsimile  showing  that  original  as  it  actually  exists  to-day ;  in  which 
is  preserved  all  the  detail  of  size,  imperfect  type,  and  the  imperfections  in  the  paper,  even  to  stains  and  'mendings,'  and, 
when  possible,  the  natural  discoloration  due  to  a^e. 

Some  fifty  plays  in  all  have  already  been  put  in  hand.    These  it  is  intended  to  issue  at  the  rate  of  not  less  than  two 
volumes  monthly,  and  if  the  kindly  reception  accorded  to  the  preliminary  issues  is  sustained  these  will  be  followed  by 
others,  announcement  of  which  will  be  duly  made.    The  lists  are  subject  to  slight  variation  if  circumstances  demand  it. 
Mr,  J.  ,A.  Herbert,  of  the  Manuscript  Department  of  the  British  Museum,  has  undertaken  to  compare  each  facsimile 
rink  wi^i-its,  original,  and  to  note  any  "fault"  or  "flaw"  which  may  have  occurred  in  the  course  of  reproduction. 

TUDOR     PLAYS,     RECENTLY     RECOVERED.     (3  vols.) 
WEALTH    AND    HEALTH.     B.L.,32pp. 
JOHAN"    THE    EVANGELIST.    B.L.,  24  pp. 
IMPATIENT    POVEKTF.    B.L.,  36  pp. 


reprint  wi^i 


UNKNOWN  (OR  UNRECORDED)  EDITIONS  OF  SCARCE   OLD   PLAYS.    (4  vols.) 


1.  DARIUS.     B.L.,  64  pp. 

2.  LUSTY    JUVENTUS.    B.L.,  44  pp. 

3.  NICE    "WANTON.    B.L.,  20  pp. 

4.  THE    PLAY    OP    THE    "WEATHER. 


B.L.,  48  pp. 


AN   AUTOGRAPH   PLAY  OF  PHILIP   MASSINGER. 

BELIEVE  AS  YOU  LIST.    By  Philip  Massinger.IFoHo,  54  pp.    (Egerton  MS.  2828.) 


THE   MACRO   PLAYS.    (3  vols.) 

1.  MANKIND  (c.  1475).    26  pp. 

2.  "WISDOM  (c.  1460).     48  pp. 

3.  THE  CASTLE  OP  PERSEVERANCE  (c.  1425). 
RESPUBLICA  (1553).    Folio,  56  pp. 


76  pp. 


"YOUTH"    AND    "PRODIGAL"    PLAYS.      (7  vols.) 


NATURE.    Part   I.    By  H.  Medwall  \„m,|,  fn,,_  R  T     79  n_ 

NATURE.    Part  II.     By  H.  Medwall.  j'Sraa11  foll°'  RL"  72  pp" 

HICKSCORNER.    4to,  B.L.,  36  pp. 

YOUTH.  4to,  B.L.,  24  pp. 

POUR  ELEMENTS.  8vo,  B.L,  45  pp. 

NICE  "WANTON.     4to,  B.L,  20  pp. 

DISOBEDIENT  CHILD.    4to,  B.L,  60  pp. 


4to,  B.L.,  36  pp. 


EARLY    ENTERLUDES.     (7  vols.) 

1.  THE  ENTERLUDE  OP  YOUTH.    4to,  B.L,  24  pp. 

2.  EVERYMAN.    4to,  B.L,  32  pp. 

3.  THE  "WORLD  AND  THE  CHILD,  otherwise  MUNDUS  AND  INPANS. 

4.  JACK  JUGGLER.    4to,  B.L.  40  pp. 

5.  NEW  CUSTOM.    4to,  B.L,  32  pp. 

6.  THE  TRIAL  OP  TREASURE.    4to,  B.L,  42  pp. 

7.  LIKE  WILL  TO  LIKE.    By  Ulpian  Fulwell.    4to,  B.L,  44  pp. 

SOME   BEGINNINGS  OF  ENGLISH   COMEDY  AND  TRAGEDY.    (5  vols.) 

1.  CALISTO    AND    MELIB.&JA,    otherwise    THE    BEAUTY    AND    GOOD    PROPERTIES    OP 

"WOMEN.     Folio,  B.L,  28  pp. 

2.  THERSITES.    4to,  B.L,  34  pp. 

3.  DAMON  AND  PYTHIAS.    By  R.  Edwards.    4to,  B.L.,  60  pp. 

4.  GORBODUC ;  or,  Ferrex  and  Porrex.    Bv  Thomas  Sackville  and  Thomas  Norton.    8vo,  B.L,  64  pp. 
6.    APPIUS  AND  VIRGINIA.    4to,  B.L,  32  pp. 


SCRIPTURAL   ENTERLUDES.      (5  vols.) 

1.  JACOB   AND  ESAU.    4to,  B.L,  56  pp. 

2.  KING  DARIUS.    4to,  B.L,  64  pp. 

3.  GODLY  QUEEN  HESTER.    4to,  B.L  46  pp. 

4  and  5.    MARY  MAGDALENE.    By  L  WAGER.    4to,  B.L,  72  pp. 


THE    ENTERLUDES,    &c. 


THE  PARDONER  AND  THE  PRERE. 

THE  POUR  P.P.    4to,  B.L.,  40  pp. 

JOHN    JOHN    THE    HUSBAND,    TIB 

Fol.,  B.L,  16  pp. 
PLAY    OP    THE    "WEATHER.     4to,  B.L 

EDITIONS,  ante. 
PT.AY    OP    LOVE.     4to.  B.L,  56  pp. 
GENTLENESS    AND    NOBILITY.     Fol., 
WITTY   AND    WITLESS. 


OF    JOHN    HEYWOOD.    (7  vols.) 

Sm.  fol.,  B.L,  40  pp. 

HIS    WIPE,   AND   SIR   JOHN   THE  PRIEST. 
.,  43   pp.  ;    see   also   UNKNOWN    (OR    UNRECORDED) 


B.L,  32  pp. 


THE    ENTERLUDES    OF    JOHN    BALE.     (4  vols.) 
(Excluding  the  K.  John  MS.  for  the  present). 
1.    THE    CHIEF    PROMISES   OP    GOD   TO    MAN.     4to,  B.L,  40  pp. 
2  and  3.     THE   THREE    LAWS.     8vo,  B.L.,  112  pp. 
4.    THE   TEMPTATIONS    OF    OUR    LORD.    8vo,  B.L. 

WIT    PLAYS.     (3  vols.) 

1.  WIT   AND    SCIENCE.    Bv  John  Bedford,  1541-7. 

2.  THE  MARRTAGE  OF  WIT  AND  SCIENCE.      4t0,  B.I,..  11  pp. 

3.  THE  CONTRACT  OF  A  MARRIAGE  BETWEEN  WIT  AND  "WISDOM. 


I'ii mi  the  original  MS. 


The  Plays  are  Interleaved  and  aervioaably  bound.  The  prices  are  17*.  erf.  net  for  the  Quartos,  and  86*.  net  for  the 
Folios,  except  where  specially  priced  on  the  Prospectus.  Subscribers"  Niimtw  now  received  for  the  full  Series.  The 
Autograph  Play  by  M&wdnger  '  Believe  aa  you  List,'  and  the  3  vols,  of  Macro  Plays  may  be  subscribed  for  separately. 
Detailed  Prospectus  with  Specimen  Page  on  application. 

ISSUED   FOR  SUBSCRIBERS  BY 

T.  C.  k  E.  0.  JACK,  16,  Henrietta  Street,  London,  W.C. ;  and  Edinburgh. 


iKaga^itus,  &c. 


NOW    READY. 

JOURNAL   OF   THE   ROYAL  STATISTICAL 

O  SOCIETY. 

Vol.  LXX.    Part  IV.    DECEMBER  31, 19»7.  Price  5s. 

Principal  Contents. 
ON  OFFICIAL  STATISTICS.    The  Presidential  Address  of  the  Rt. 
Hon.  Sir  Charles  W.  Dilke.  Bart..   MP.,  for  the   Session   1907-8. 
Delivered  to  The  Royal  Statistical  Society.  November  19, 1907. 
AN   INQUIRY  INTO   THE   RENT   OF    AGRICULTURAL  LAND 
IN  ENGLAND  AND  WALES   DURING  THE   NINETEENTH 
CENTURY.    By  Robert  J.  Thompson. 
MISCELLANEA  :-MEMORANDUM  AS  TO  BIRTH-RATES  AND 
MARUI  AGE-RATES  IN  ENGLAND  AND  WALES.   Bv  Thomas 
A.  Welton.  F.C.A.  ;  THE    ASSIZE  OF  BREAD  AT  OXFORD, 
1794-1820.    By  Adolphns  Ballard.  B.A.   LL.B.  (Lond),  Hon.  M.A. 
(Oxon.l;  THE  DIFFERENTIAL  LAW  OF  WAGES.    By  Henry 
L.  Moore.  Columbia  University,  New  York. 
BOOK  REVIEWS. 

And  Other  Articles. 

London:    THE    ROYAL    STATISTICAL    SOCIETY, 

9,  Adelphi  Terrace,  Strand,  W.C. 


JOURNAL    OF    THE     INSTITUTE    OF 

tf  ACTUARIES. 

No.  231.       JANUARY,  190S.       Price  2s.  6d. 
Contents. 

On  the  Valuation  of  Staff  Pension  Funds.  Part  2.— Widows'  and 
Children's  Pensions  (continued).  By  Henrv  William  Manly.  Past- 
President  of  the  Institute  of  Actuaries.  With  Tables  by  William 
ArthurrWorkman,  F.I.  A.,  of  the  Equitable  Life  Assurance  Society. 

A  Pension  Fund  Problem  ;  with  some  remarks  on  the  deduction  of 
Salary-Scales.  By  .lames  Bacon.  F.I.  A.,  Actuary  and  Secretary  of 
the  Liverpool  Victoria  Insurance  Corporation,  Limited ;  with' 
Abstract  of  the  Discussion  on  the  above  Papers. 

Legal  Notes.     By  Arthur  Rhys  Barrand.  F.I. A..  Barrister-at-Law. 

Employers'  Liability  Insurance  Companies'  Act.  1907  [7  Edward  VIT. 
ch.  461.  and  Order  in  Council. 

On  the  Rationale  of  Formulae  for  Graduation  by  Summation.  Part  II. 
By  George  .T.  Lidstone,  F.I.A.,  Actuary  and  Secretary  of  the 
Equitable  Life  Assurance  Society. 

Correspondence. 

London  :  C.  &  E.  LAYTON,  Farringdon  Street. 


THE  LIBRARY. 

A  Quarterly  Review  of  Bibliography  and  Library  Lore. 
Price  3$.  net,  or  10s.  6d.  per  annum. 
Contents  for  JANUARY. 
THE  ASSERTIO  SEPTEM  SACRAMENTORUM.    By  E.  Gordon 

Duff. 
THE  WRITINGS  OF  OLIVER  WENDELL  HOLMES.    By  James 

Ormerod. 
A    PARIS    BOOKSELLER    OF    THE   SIXTEENTH    CENTURY- 
GALLIOT  DU  PRE.    By  Arthur  Tilley.    I. 
A  MUNICIPAL   LIBRARY   AND   ITS  PUBLIC.    I.-THE  NEWS 

ROOM.    By  John  Ballinger. 
RECENT  FOREIGN  LITERATURE.    By  Elizabeth  Lee. 
SIENESE  TAVOLETTE.    By  Alfred  W.  Pollard. 
REVIEW.    By  A.  W,  P. 

Bound  Volumes  for  1907  are  now  ready,  price  12s.  6rf.  net. 

ALEXANDER  MORINO.  Limitkd  (The  De  La  More  Press), 

32.  George  Street,  Hanover  Square,  London,  W. 

THE  BUILDER  (founded  1842),  4,  Catherine- 
street.  London,  W.C,  JANUARY  11,  contains  :— 

THE  DANGERS  OF  BUILDING. 

THE  AQUEDUCTS  OF  ANCIENT  ROME.— I. 

SAFETY  EXITS  FROM  THEATRES  (Institute  of  Archi- 
tects. 

THE  BURLINGTON  HOUSE  LOAN  EXHIBITION. 

THE  GATE  HOUSE,  LINCOLN'S  INN  (Sketch). 

'MILTON'S  RETREAT,'  CHALFONT  ST.  GILES. 

REINFORCED  CONCRETE  BEAM  FORMUL.E  (Student's 
Column). 

RENAISSANCE  AND  MODERN  CHURCHES  OF  PARIS  : 
I.  Les  Invalides. 

NATIONAL  TELEPHONE  EXCHANGE. 

DESIGN  FOR  MUSEUM  AND  ART  GALLERY  FOR 
PLYMOUTH. 

NATIONAL    PRIZE  DESIGNS  :  10.  Designs  for  Fabrics. 

From  Offices  as  above  (4rZ.,  by  post  4Jr/.),  at 
Railway  Bookstalls,  Bookshops,  and  of  all  News- 
agents. 


JOHN  HAMILTON  THOM  CENTENARY 
JANUARY  10,  1908. 

TO  BE  PUBLISHED  IMMEDIATELY. 

SECOND  (ABRIDGED)  EDITION  OF 

SPIRITUAL  FAITH. 

Sermons  by  JOHN  HAMILTON  THOM. 

Crown  8vo,  pp.  216,  price  2s.  net ;  by  post,  2s.  3rf. 

Bl'  THE  SAME  AUTHOR. 


A 


LAWS   OV   LIFE    AFTER    THE    MIND    of    CHRIST. 
First  and  Second  Series,     it.  •«'.  net  each, 

CHRIST  THE  REYEALKR     2*.  net. 

A    MTN1STFR    OF    COD.       Selections    from    Occasional 
Sermons  and  Addresses.    With  a  Memoir,    2«.  net. 

London  :  1'HILIP  OREEN,  r>,  Basel  street,  Strand,  W.C. 

SURNAMES  OF   THE  UNITED   KINGDOM: 
A  Oonotis  F.tvmoioeical  Dictionary. 

Itv  1IPNKY  HA'MMSoN. 

Author  of 'The  Plai-e-Nami-s  nf  tha  Uvsrpool  District,' 4c. 

Now  inuiing  In   l*:irts  :it    l«    in  I 

l'MITS  I.  and  II    HEADY. 

Prospectui  rod  Oopfw  of  tha  1'uMiidicrs, 
THE  BATON  PRESS,  LW,  Kburj  Street,  London,  S.w. 


T  II  K     AT  II  E  \  ZB  U  M 


No.  II>V  .Ian.  11.  L908 


»*«.'• 


MR.  JOHN  _LON(J'S  NEW  ¥E AB  LIST 

THE  FIRST  NEW  NOVELS  OF  1908 

MR.  JOHN  LONG  has  now  commenced  the  publication  of  his  New  Novels  for  1908,  and  the  following  are  the  first  Eleven 
by  the  most  popular  Authors  of  the  Day.  As  usual  with  Mr.  John  Long's  Novels,  enormous  supplies  are  now  ready  at  all 
Libraries  and  Booksellers'. 

SIX    SHILLINGS    EACH 

RUBINA.     By  James  Blyth,  Author  of  'Amazement.'     With  Coloured  Frontispiece. 

LITTLE   JOSEPHINE.      By  L.   T.  Meade,  Author  of    <  The  Curse  of  the  FeveruLs.'       With  Coloured 

Frontispiece. 

A  WOMAN'S  AYE  AND  NAY.     By  Lucas  Clekve,  Author  of  <  Elizabeth  of  Loudon.' 

THE  SACRED  HERB.     By  Fergus  Hume,  Author  of  <  The  Black  Patch.' 

SECOND  SELVES.     By  Algernon  Gissing,  Author  of  '  A  Secret  of  the  North  Sea.' 

A    DEVIL'S    BARGAIN.     By  Florence  Warden,  Author  of  <  The  White  Countess.' 

ONE    FAIR    ENEMY.     By  Carlton  Dawe,  Author  of   '  The  Life  Perilous.' 

A    JACOBITE    ADMIRAL.     By  R.  H.  Forster,  Author  of   '  The  Mistress  of  Aydon.' 

STUBBLE    BEFORE    THE    WIND.     By  Mrs.  Campbell  Praed,  Author  of  <  The  Luck  of  the  Leura.' 

A    NEW    CINDERELLA.     By  Fred  Whishaw,  Author  of  '  The  Secret  Syndicate.' 

THE    PAXTON    PLOT.     By  C.  Guise  Mitford,  Author  of  f  Izelle  of  the  Dunes.' 

TWO     POPULAR     NOVELS     SIX     SHILLINGS     EACH 

MRS.      BARRINGTONS      ATONEMENT 

By  VIOLET  TWEEDDALE,  Author  of   'Lady  Sarah's  Son.' 
Outlook— "  A  cleverly  told  story,  full  of  character  study  and  the  strong  social  interest  with  which  the  author  invariably  invests  her  books." 

CYNTHIA      IN      THE      WILDERNESS 

By  HUBERT  WALES,  Author  of  'The  Yoke,'  'Mr.  and  Mrs.  Villiers.' 

Tatler. — "  Mr.  Hubert  Wales,  in  his  latest  novel,  '  Cynthia  in  the  Wilderness,'  deals  with  further  aspects  of  social  problems,  and  the  unfolding  of  Cynthia's  married  life  is  one 
which  will  be  followed  by  the  reader  to  the  very    nd  of  the  book.    Mr.  Wales  has  made  a  distinct  step  forward,  and  his  latest  novel  is  likely  to  be  as  widely  discussed  as  was  '  The  Yoke.'  ' 

"A  VOLUME  OF  REMARKABLE  FASCINATION."-World. 

SOCIETY  RECOLLECTIONS  IN  PARIS   AND  VIENNA,  1879-1904 

By  an  ENGLISH  OFFICER.     With  numerous  Portraits  of  Celebrities.     Demy  8\o,  12s.  net. 

Globe.— "  The  anonymous  author  is  a  gossip  who  would  have  delighted  Mr.  Pepys  himself.     The  book  is  full  of  gossip  of  all  sorts  of  people,  and  well  illustrated  by  photographs  of 
celebrities,  Royal  and  theatrical.     The  author  has  produced  a  very  amusing  volume." 

Croum. — "There  will  be  a  great  run  upon  the  book,  and  I  shall  be  surprised  if  several  editions  are  not  speedily  called  for." 

THE   RECORD   OF   AN   AERONAUT 

BEING  THE  LIFE  OF  JOHN  M.  BACON. 

By  his  Daughter,  GERTRUDE  BACON.     With  Photogravure  Portrait  and  G2  Illustrations.     Demy  Svo,  16s.  net. 

Globe.— "The  book  can  be  cordially  recommended."    Scotsman.— "The  work  gives  a  highly  readable  account  of  the  author's  many  voyages,  adventures,  and  narrow  escapes.' 
Evening  Standard.— "  Full  of  interesting  matter."    Dally  Express.— "  A  fascinating  story." 


THE  HOME  LIFE  OF  THE  EX-CROWN  PRINCESS  OF  SAXONY. 

THE    STRUGGLE    FOR   A    ROYAL    CHILD 

(Anna  Monica  Pia,  Duchess  of  Saxony).    My  Experiences  as  Governess  in  the  Household  of  the  Countess  Montignoso. 

l'<y  IDA   KREMER.     With  Photogravure  Portraits  of  the  ex-Crown  Princess  and  the  little  Princess  Monica.     Crown  8vo,  6s.        [Second  Edition  at  press. 

Daily  Telegraph. — "The  volume  gives  a  picture  of  Royalties  in  exile  which  is  as  amusing  as  it  is  instructive.     Quite  excellent  is  the  portrait  the  author  gives  of  the  lady 
doings  have  occupied  European  attention  for  so  long  a  time.    One  of  the  chief  charms  of  this  quite  Interesting  volume  is  that  it  is  so  human,  and  we  closed  the  book  with  thanks  to  the 
author  for  a  piece  of  discreet,  valuable,  and  lively  psychology." 

THE    "MR.    D00LEY    OF    ST.    JAMES'S    STREET." 

BRUMMELL 

By   COSMO   HAMILTON,    Author    of    'Adam's    Clay,'    'Duke's   Son,'    &c.     6s. 

World, — "My.  Hamilton's  '  Brummell' is  an  altogether  stimulating  and  delightful  companion,  quaintly  original  and  diverting,  clever  and  amusing,  always  pointed,  witty,  and 
exhilarating,  and  never  misses  its  mark." 

Bystander.— "J&r,  Hamilton  is  one  of  the  '  smartest  '  writers  living  on  the  'smart  set'  and  the  smartness  of  '  Brummell '  is  undeniable." 


JOHN  LONG,   12,    13,    14,  Norris  Street,    Baymarket,  London. 


Editorial  Cimimunicatione  should  be  addressed  to  "THE  EDITOR"— Advertisements  and  Busin.  ss  batten  U>  "THE  1TBL1SIIEHS  "-  at  the  Office,  Bream's  timidities,  CUMOSTJ  [ant,  I  0 
Published  Weekly  by  JOHN  0.  FRANCIS  and  J.  EDWARD  FRANCIS  at  Breams  Buildings.  Chancery  Lane,  E.c ..  and  Printed  by  J.  KinvAKH  FRANCI8,  Athemrum  Press  Bream's  Build-,  t  ry  Lane.  E.C 

Agents  for  Scotland,  Usfesrs,  BELL  4  EltADFUTE and  Sir.  JOHS  MENZIES.  Edinburgh.— Saturday.  January  11,  11)08. 


I\ 


THE  ATHEN^UM 


f  flartral  af  (English  an&  $avti§n  f  iterators,  §&twm,  t\)t  jfte  ^rts,  Jitasit  anft 


f*0F  TORO 


No.  4186. 


SATURDAY,   JANUARY    18,  1908. 


PRICE 
THREEPENCE. 

REGISTERED  AS  A  NEWSPAPER. 


T  IBRARY      OF      THE      UNIVERSITY     OF 

JU  LONDON,    SOUTH    KENSINGTON. 

The  GENERAL  LIBRARY  and  the  GOLDSMITHS'  LIBRARY 
of  ECONOMIC  LITERATURE  are  OPEN  on  MONDAYS,  WED- 
NESDAYS, FRIDAYS,  and  SATURDAYS,  from  10  a.m.  to  5  p.m., 
ami  on  TUESDAYS  and  THURSDAYS,  from  10  a.m.  to  9  p.m.  A 
Pamphlet,  giving  general  information  respecting  the  Libraries,  can 
he  obtained  on  application. 


A 


7ICT0RIA 


LEAGUE. 


The  EDUCATION  COMMITTEE  of  the  VICTORIA  LEAGUE 
offer  a  PRIZE  of  BOOKS  to  the  value  of  TWENTY  GUINEAS,  to  be 
competed  for  by  Undergraduates  of  the  Universities  of  the  United 
Kingdom. 

The  term  "Undergraduates"  shall,  for  the  purposes  of  this  Com- 
petition, be  understood  to  include  : — 

Students  and  Undergraduate  Students,  Men  and  Women,  in 
regular  attendance  at  College  Lectures  ;  Women  reading  for 
Degree  Examinations  at  Oxford  or  Cambridge  ; 
but  NOT  External  Students  of  the  University  of  London. 
SUBJECT    OK    ESSAY. 
'Compare  the  British  Empire  with  other  Empires, 
Past  and  Present.' 
For  further  Information  as  to  Conditions  apply  to  THE  SECRE- 
TARY,   Education    Committee,    Victoria    League,    Dacre     House, 
Victoria  Street,  London,  S.  W. 


(Exhibitions. 


ROYAL     ACADEMY     OF     ARTS. 
WINTER    EXHIBITION. 
Work  by  Old  Masters  and  Deceased  Masters  of  the  British  School, 
including  Special  Collections  of  Pictures  by  Hogarth  and  the  late 
J.  C.  Hook,  R.A. 

Open  from  9  a.m.  to  6  p.m.  Admission  Is.   Catalogue  6(i.  Season 
Ticket  5s. 

} EXHIBITION  OF  FURNITURE,  METAL 
J  WORK,  and  MODELLED  CEILINGS  bv  ERNEST  W. 
GIMSON.  DEBENHAM  &  FREEBODY'S  ART  GALLERIES, 
Wigmore  Street,  W. 

EARLY  BRITISH  SCHOOL— SHEPHERD'S 
WINTER  EXHIBITION  of  PORTRAITS  and  LANDSCAPES 
by  EARLY  BRITISH  MASTERS  is  NOW  OPEN.— SHEPHERD'S 
GALLERY,  27,  King  Street,  St.  James's. 


SPANISH 

A  R  T 

Ci     A    L    L    E    R    Y, 

50,     CONDUIT    STREET,    LONDON,     W. 

ART    DEALERS    AND    IMPORTERS 
OF    ANTIQUITIES     FROM     SPAIN. 

Antique  Embroideries,  Brocades, 
Velvets,  Persian  Rugs,  Armour, 
Furniture,  Gothic  Pictures, 
China,      Silver,      Enamels,     <fcc. 

RARE      MUSEUM      OBJECTS. 


^jroiri&ntt  Institutions. 

HE       BOOKSELLERS'       PROVIDENT 

INSTITUTION. 

Founded  18.17. 

Patron-HEK  MAJESTY  OJIEEN  ALEXANDRA. 

Invested  Capital,  30.000?. 


T 


A    UNIQUE    INVESTMENT 
Offered  to  London  Booksellers  and  their  Assistants. 
A  young  man  or  woman  of  twenty-five  au  invest  the  sum  of  Twenty 
iQaineM  lor  its  equivalent  by  Instalments),  and  obtain  the  riaht  ti> 
participate  in  the  following  advantage!:— 

FIRST.  Freedom  from  waul    in  time  of  Adversity  as  long  a!  need 

second.  Permanent  Relief  in  Old  Am, 

THIRD    Medical  A. bin-  !,v  eminent  Physicians  and  Surgeons 

FOURTH.  A  Cottage  in  the  Country  I A  hi  Kits  Ijimdev  Hertford 
shire)  for  aged  Member*,  with  garden  produce,  coal,  and  medical 
attendance  free.  In  addition  to  an  annuity 

FIFTH.  A  furnished  house  i„  (he  same  Retreat  at.  Abbott  Unglev 
for  the  use  of  Memliers  and  their  families  for  holidays  or  durlnir 
■convalescence.  * 

For  further  information  apply  to  the  Secretary.  Mu.  GEORGE 
LARNEK,  •.*,  Paternoster  Row,  B.C.  "' 


N 


EWSVENDORS'    BENEVOLENT 

PROVIDENT  INSTITUTION. 


AND 


Founded  ]8.'!0. 

Funds  exceed  27,0001. 

Office :  15  and  16,  Farringdon  Street,  London,  E.C. 

Patron : 

The  Right  Hon.  THE  EAUL  OP  ROSEBERY.  K.G.  K.T. 

President : 

The   LORD   GLENESK. 

Treasurer : 

THE  LONDON  AND  WESTMINSTER  BANK,  LIMITED. 

OBJECTS.— This  Institution  was  established  in  1839  in  the  City  of 
London,  under  the  Presidency  of  the  late  Alderman  Harmer,  for 
granting  Pensions  and  Temi>orary  Assistance  to  principals  and 
assistants  engaged  as  vendors  of  Newspapers. 

MEMBERSHIP.— Every  Man  or  Woman  throughout  the  United 
Kingdom,  whether  Publisher,  Wholesaler,  Retailer,  Employer,  or 
Employed,  is  entitled  to  become  a  Member  of  this  Institution,  and 
enjoy  its  benefits  upon  payment  of  Five  Shillings  annually,  or  Three 
Guineas  for  life,  provided  that  he  or  she  is  engaged  in  the  sale  of 
Newspapers,  and  such  Members  who  thus  contribute  secure  priority 
of  consideration  in  the  event  of  their  needing  aid  from  the  Institution. 

PENSIONS.— The  Annuitants  now  number  Thirty-six,  the  Men 
receiving  25t.  and  the  Women  201.  per  annum  each. 

The  "Royal  Victoria  Pension  Fund,"  commemorating  the  great 
advantages  the  News  Trade  enjoyed  under  the  rul**  of  Her  late 
Majesty  Oueen  Victoria,  provides  20f.  a  year  each  for  Six  Widows  of 
News  vendors. 

The  "Francis  Fund"  provides  Pensions  for  One  Man,  25Z.,  and  One 
Woman  201.,  and  was  specially  subscribed  in  memory  of  the  late  John 
Francis,  who  died  on  April  (i,  188'2.  and  was  for  more  than  fifty  years 
Publisher  of  the  Athenwum.  He  took  an  active  and  leading  part 
throughout  the  whole  period  of  the  agitation  for  the  repeal  of  the 
various  then  existing  "  Taxes  on  Knowledge,"  and  was  for  very  many 
years  a  staunch  supjtorter  of  this  Institution. 

The  *  Horace  Marshall  Pension  Fund"  is  the  gift  of  the  late  Mr. 
Horace  Brooks  Man  hall.  The  employes  of  that  firm  have  primary 
right  of  election  to  its  benefits. 

The  "Herbert  Lloyd  Pension  Fund"  provides  35t,  per  annum  for 
one  man,  in  perpetual  and  grateful  memory  of  Mr.  Herbert  Lloyd,  who 
died  May  12,  J89S). 

The  principal  features  of  the  Rules  governing  election  to  all  Pensions 
are,  that  each  Candidate  shall  have  been  (1)  a  Member  of  the  Institu- 
tion for  not  less  than  ten  years  preceding  application  ;  (21  not  less  than 
fifty-five  years  of  age  ;  (3)  engaged  in  the  sale  of  Newspapers  for  at  lva*t 
ten  years. 

RELIEF.— Temporary  relief  is  given  in  cases  of  distress,  not  only 
to  Members  of  the  Institution,  but  to  Newsvendors  or  their  servants 
who  may  be  recommended  for  assistance  by  Members  of  the  Institu- 
tion. Inquiry  is  made  in  such  cases  by  Visiting  Committees,  and 
relief  is  awarded  in  accordance  with  the  merits  and  requirements  of 
each  case.  W.  WILK1E  JONES,  Secretary. 


(B&nrational. 

T3IRMINGHAM  AND  MIDLAND  INSTITUTE. 


SCHOOL  OF  MUSIC. 

Visitor-Sir  EDWARD  ELGAR,  Mns.Doc.  LL.D. 

Principal-GRANVILLE  BANTOCK. 

Visiting  Examiner— H.  WALFORD  DAVIES,  Mus.Doc. 

SESSION  1907-1908. 

The  SESSION  consists  of  AUTUMN  TERM  I8EPTEMBER  1G  to 

DECEMBER   21).  WINTER  TERM  (JANUARY  '20  to  APRIL  11), 

SUMMER  TERM  (APRIL  '27  to  JUNE  271. 

Instruction    in    till    Branches    of    Music.      Students'    Choir    and 
Orchestra,  Chamber  Music,  Students'  Rehearsals,  Concerts,  and  Opera. 
Prospectus  and  further  information  mav  he  obtained  from 

ALFRED  HAYES,  Secretary. 

THE  DOWNS  SCHOOL,  SEAFORD,  SUSSEX. 
Head  Mistress-Miss  LUCY  ROBINSON,  M.A.  (late  Second  Mis- 
tress St.  Felix  School,  Southwold).  References :  The  Principal  of 
Bedford  College,  London  ;  The  Master  of  Peterhouse,  Cambridge. 

CHURCH      EDUCATION      CORPORATION, 
CHERWELL  HALL,  OXFORD. 

Training  College  for  Women  Secondary  Teachers. 

Principal— Miss   CATHERINE  I.    DODD,    M.A.    date   Lecturer  in 

Education  in  the  Manchester  University). 

Students   are   prepared   for  the  Oxford,   the  Cambridge,  and   the 

London  Teachers  Diploma.    Special  arrangements  made  for  Students 

to  attend  the  School  of  Geography. 

EXHIBITIONS  and  SCHOLARSHIPS  awarded  in  December  and 
July.— Apply  to  the  Principal. 


MISS  DREWRY'S  CLASSES  for  the  STUDY 
of  ENGLISH  LITERATURE  will  BEGIN  again  in  the 
THIRD  WEEK  OF  JANUARY,  190S.  Wednesday.  January  22, 
7.45  p.m.,  and  Friday,  January  '2-1.  1 1.16  a.m..  Readings  from  the  Poets, 
with  Discussion.  Thursday,  January 2:1,  11.15a.m.,  aCourseof  Lectures 
for  (lirls  who  have  left  School.  Subjects  : — Chaucer,  Spenser,  or  8hak- 
spere.  Fee  for  the  Course  of  Ten  Meetings,  One  Guinea;  to  Pro- 
fessional Timbers,  Haifa-Guinea.  Miss  Dewry  receives  Private 
Pupils.— 141,  King  Henry's  Road.  London,  N.W. 

EDUCATION. 
Parents  or  Guardians  desiring  accurate  information  relative  to 
the  CHOlt'E  of  SCHOOLS  for  BUYS  or  GIRLS  or 
TUTORS  in  England  or  Abroad 
are  invited  to  call  ujton  or  send  fullv  detailed  particulars  to 
MESSRS.  GABBITAS,  TURING  &  CO.. 
who  for  more  than  thirty  years  have  been  closely  in  touch  with  the 
leading  Educational  Establishments. 

Advice,  free  of  charge,  is  given  by  Mr.   TURING,  Nephew  of  the 
late  Head  Master  of  Uppingham,  86,  Sackville  Street,  London,  W. 


Situations  Uarant. 

COUTH      AFRICAN      COLLEGE      SCHOOL, 

IO  CAPE  TOWN. 

A  SCIENCE  MASTER  WANTED  for  the  above  SCHOOL,  to  teach 
Chemistry  and  Physics. 

Duties  to  begin  on  AI'HII,  8.  Candidate!  molt  )>ossess  the  Privy 
Council  Oertluoate.  and  a  Bcienoe  Degrea.  Ralary  SOOL  per  annum, 
with  prospect*  of  Increau.  Applications,  stating  aire,  with  six  copies 
of  Testimonials  and  Health  Certificate  to  reach  the  Registrar,  8.  A. 
College,  Cape  Town,  on  or  before  FEBRUARY  1*  NEXT. 


Yearly  Subscription,  free  by  post,  Inland, 
15s.  3d. ;  Foreign,  18s.  Entered  at  the  New 
York  Post  Office  as  Second  Class  matter. 

THE  ATHEN.EUM  is  published  on 
FRIDAY  AFTERNOON  at  2  o'clock. 


T 


HE    UNIVERSITY    OF    SHEFFIELD. 


APPOINTMENT  OF  DEMONSTRATOR  IN  BOTANY. 


The  COUNCIL  are  about  to  appoint  a  DEMONSTRATOR  in 
BOTANY.    Salary  1507.  per  annum. 

Applications  should  be  made  to  the  undersigned,  from  whom 
further  particulars  may  be  obtained,  not  later  than  JANUARY  25, 
1908.  W.  M.  GIBBONS,  Registrar. 


T 


HE      UNIVERSITY      OF      LEEDS. 


Applications    will  be  received  up    to    FEBRUARY'  15th  for    the 
appointment  of  ASSISTANT  PROFESSOR  of  EDUCATION. 


400i.— Particulars  may  be  obtained  from  THE  REGISTRAR. 


Salai  y 


BEDFORD        COLLEGE       FOR       WOMEN 
(UNIVERSITY    OF    LONDON), 
YORK    PLACE,    BAKER    STREET,    W. 
The  COUNCIL  are  about  to  appoint  a  LECTURER  in  BOTANY', 
who  will  be  Head  of  the  Department.    The  appointment  is  open  to 
Men  and  Women  equally,  and  will  take  effect  at  the  beginning  of  the 
Easter  Term. 

Applications,  with  twenty-five  copies  of  Testimonials,  should  be 
sent  not  later  than  JANUARY  81,  to  the  Secretary,  from  whom 
further  particulars  may  be  obtained. 

ETHEL  T.  McKNIGHT,  Secretary. 

HACKNEY     METROPOLITAN     BOROUGH 
CO0NCIL 
PUBLIC  LIBRARIES. 
LIBRARY      ASSISTANTS. 
The  BOROUGH  COUNCIL  are  prepared  to  receive  applications  for 
the  ap|iointment  of  the  following  Officers  : — 

(II  MALE  LIBRARY  ASSISTANT,  with  previous  experience  in 
Public  Library  Work.  Salary  1501.  per  annum,  rising  by  10J.  annually 
to  a  maximum  of  2(io?.  per  annum. 

(2)  SENIOR  FEMALE  LIBRARY  ASSISTANT.  Salary  50/.  per 
annum,  rising  by  6Z.  annuallv  to  a  maximum  of  757..  per  annum. 

CI)  FEMALE  LIBRARY  ASSISTANTS  (Two  Appointments). 
Salary  407.  per  annum,  rising  by  57.  annually  to  a  maximum  of  60!.  per 
annum. 

Forms  of  Application  may  be  obtained  from  the  undersigned  at  the 
Town  Hall,  Hackney,  on  any  weekday  within  office  hours. 

Applications,  which  must  be  accompanied  by  three  recent  Testi- 
monials, must  be  delivered  to  the  undersigned  not  later  than  12  o  clock 
noon  on  MONDAY,  January  27,  1908. 

W.  A.  WILLIAMS,  Town  Clerk. 
Town  Hall,  Mare  Street.  Hackney,  N.E. 
January  15, 1908. 


G 


Situations  Mantcb. 

RADUATE,    M.A.    B.Sc,   abstainer,  age  2S, 

VT  6eeks  position  as  SECRETARY',  Assistant.  Loudon  Agent.  &<•. 
Highest  credentials.— Please  address  Box  1382,  Athenaeum  Pre^-s,  13, 
Bream's  Buildings,  Chancery  Line,  E.C. 

SECRETARY    (LADY)     REQUIRES     POST. 

O    Skilled  Correspondent,  Research,  Precis  Writing.  Reports.  Com- 
mittee Work.    Book-keeping.      Several  years'  experience.     Educated 
Public  Schools  and  Abroad.— Box  1384,  Athenaeum  Press,  13,  Bn 
Buildings,  Chancery  Line,  E.C. 

GENTLEMAN,  24*  years,  M.A.  (Scotland), 
refined,  of  unquestionable  character  and  integrity,  fine  appear- 
ance and  manner,  seeks  post  as  SECRETARY.  Home  or  Abroad.  To 
suit  married  preferred.  References.— Address  K,  care  of  Post 
Office.  Lugar,  Ayrshire,  N.B. 


jfttisttllancoua. 


PRIVATE  TOURS  FOR  GENTLEWOMEN.— 
SUNNY  ITALY.  FEBRUARY  86,  One  Month.  Rome.  Naples. 
Capri.  Sorrento.  Pompeii,  Florence.  Venice.  Milan.  Genoa.  References 
exchanged.— MISS  BISHOP,  '27,  St.  George's  Road,  Kill. urn. 

pOUNTRY  TRAVELLER  can  CARRY  a  FEW 

\J     ADDITIONAL    LINES.     Spring  Journey  commences  END  ol 
JANUARY.— Box  1833,  Athena-uni  Praam  13,  Bream's  Buildings.  E  C 

LADY     desires     TRANSLATION      WORK— 
French,  German,  into  English.     First -cla««   Honours  in  both, 
L.L.A.    Exam.     Lived  Abroad. -Miss   F.    D.  WRIGHT,  Willingdon. 

Eastbourne. 


pULTUREI)     RUSSIAN     GENTLEMAN      is 

\J  anxious  to  give  LESSONS  in  RUSSIAN  or  POLISH,  to  obtain 
Business  Correspondence  Work.  Hook  Keeping.  Ac  Highest 
references.- Address  Miss  FRANK. :..  RIvacton  Place.  s.W. 


NORTHERN     NEWSPAPER     SYNDICATE, 
Kendal.  SUPPLIES  EDITORS  with  LITERARY  MATTER, 
and  invites  Authors  to  submit   MSS    of  Serials.   Short   Stories,  nix! 
Article*.     Proposals  for  Berial  Use  of  nil  high  class  Literary  Mstier 
careful   nn.l    prompt    (ouiidcralioi.       Telegraphic    Address, 
t..  Kendal." 


58 


T  II  E     AT  II  K  n  -i:  ('  M 


No.  H86,  Jaw.  18.  1908 


To  AUTHOR8  am.  pi  i.i  ism  its  in  i'i:\  [N(J, 

TV.  I  llv    undertaken     by 

i  .  »rs  of 

Klrlmi.  •    n  A   i                -  .•!          -      I         I          U         I  ■     »  \\ 


LITER  \i;y  RESEAR(  H  undertaken  »t  the 
b  Museum  iiml  elsewhere  mi  moderate  terms.  Excellent 
Testimonials  A  II.  Hoi  I'"-'.  Atlieiinum  Press.  1.1.  Hrcaius 
Buil.li    .  |  I^niir.  K.C. 


MR8.  J.  0.   PRAZina,  4,  Parkeide,  Cambridge, 
highly  KKi  OMMENDS  HOI  SBKEEPER    Bpeclally suitable 

\|  hi      In.  iiml. ll<'  February. 


F 


OP      SALE.     RUSK  INS     MODERN 

PAINTERS  iKn.i  Edition),  BTONBfl  <>!'  VENICE  118881, 
Mil\  LAMPS  (1888),  original  green  rover*,  rikhI  condition.— 
AM't  RTON,  *\  Stirling  Road.  Edgluiston,  Ilirminghaui. 


HUntied  to  $urrijasf. 

POPULAR    MAGAZINE  WANTED  TO  PUR- 
t'HASE      Reply,   statin*  fullest    particulars,   to  INVESTOR, 
care  of  .lames  White  4  Leonard,  Solicitors,  Hank  Buildings,  Ludgate 
E.C. 


(Tnpc-oOIrittrs,  &c. 

AUTHORS'  MSS.  9d.  per  1,000  words.—  Sermons, 
Plays,  and  all  kinds  of  TYPE- WRITING  oarefullvdone  at  homa 
('Remington'.  Good  Paper.  Orders  promptly  executed.  Duplicating 
from  3«.  <kl.  per  100.— M.  L.  L.,  18,  Edgeley  Road.  Clapham,  S.W. 

TYPE-WRITING  undertaken  by  highly  educated 
Woman  [Olasaioal  Tri)>os;  Cambridge  Higher  Local;  Modern 
Languages1.  Research.  Revision.  Translation.  Shorthand.  Dictation 
Room.-THE  CAMBRIDGE  TYPEWRITING  AGENCY.  10,  Duke 
Street.  Adelphi,  W.C. 


AUTHORS'  MSS. ,  NOVELS,  STORIES,  PLAYS, 
ESSAYS  TYPE- WRITTEN  with  complete  accuracy,  M.  per 
1,000  words.  Clear  Carbon  Copies  guaranteed.  References  to  well- 
known  Writers.— M.  STUART.  Allendale.  Kymberley  Road,  Harrow. 

TYPE-WRITING,  9d.  per  1,000  words.  All 
kinds  of  MSS.,  Stories,  Plays.  Novels,  Ac,  accurately  TY'PED. 
Clear  Carbon  Copies.  3d.  per  1.000.  References  to  well-known  Authors. 
Oxford  Higher  Local.— XI.  KING,  24,  Forest  Road,  Kew  Gardens,  S.W. 

TYPE- WRITING,  Id.  per  1,000.  Carbons,  2d. 
per  1,000.  Duplicating  from  2«.  6d.  per  100.  Special  quotations 
for  "  First  Novel  Competition."  Orders  executed  promptly.  Accuracy 
guaranteed.— A.  M.  P.,  15.  Clovelly  Road,  Hornsey,  N. 


T 


YPE-WRITING.— The  WEST  KENSINGTON 

<  iFKICES.  Authors'  MSS..  Translations.  Ac.  Legal  and  General 
Copying.  Circulars,  Ac,  Duplicated.  Usual  terms.  References. 
Established  fifteen  S'ears— SIKES  &  SIKES.  290,  Hammersmith 
Road,  W.     .Private  Address  :  IS,  Wolverton  Gardens.  Hammersmith.) 

TYPE-WRITING.— NOVELS,  PLAYS, 
SERMONS,  and  other  MSS.  Accurate  work.  Short  Articles 
by  return  of  post.  Carbon  Copies.  Duplicating  Circulars,  Ac.  Legal 
and  General  Copying.— For  terms  apply  H.  T.  HOW,  43,  Page  Street, 
Westminster,  S.W. 


(ftaiaknrites. 


WOODCUTS.  EARLY  BOOKS,  MSS.,  Ac. 

T  EIGHTON'S  ILLUSTRATED  CATALOGUE, 

J-J  Containing  1,350  Facsimiles. 

Thick  8vo,  art  cloth.  25». ;  half -morocco.  30s. 
Part  XIII..    Cal—  Chrys.   with   1tS4   Facsimiles,  including  Berners's 
Froissart.   Cambridge  Bindings.    Capgrave,   1016,   Cepio,   1477,    and  a 
large  collection  of  Early  Chronicles.  [Abie  ready.    Price  Us. 

J.  A  J.  LEIGHTON, 
40,  Brewer  Street.  Golden  Square,  London,  W. 

CATALOGUE  No.  48.— Drawings  of  the  Early 
English  School— Turner's  Liljcr  Studiorum  and  other  Engravings 
after  .Turner— Etchings  by  Turner.  S.  Palmer.  Whistler— Japanese 
Colour-Prints— Fine-A't  Books— Works  by  Ruskin.  Post  free.  Six- 
pence.—WM.  WARD,  2,  Church  Terrace,  Richmond,  Surrey. 

BOOKS.— ALL  OUT-OF-PRINT  and  RARE 
BOOKS  on  any  subject  SUPPLIED.  The  most  expert  Book- 
finder  extant.  Please  state  wants  and  ask  for  CATALOGUE.  I  make 
a  special  feature  of  exchanging  any  Saleable  Books  for  others  selected 
from  my  various  List-     Bpecia]  List  of  2.000  Books  I  particularly  want 

g)st  free.— EDW.  BAKERS  Great  Bookshop,  14-16  John  Bright  Street, 
irminuham.      Oscar    Wilde's    Poems.  21«.,   for  10«.  Oil.  ;    Ballad  of 
Reading  Gaol.  5a.     Who  's  Who,  2  vols.  I'toi,  1  Is.  net,  for  5s. 

CATALOGUE  of  FRENCH  BOOKS,  at  greatly 
reduced  prices.  I.  PHILOSOPHY.  II.  RELIGION.  III.  HIS- 
TORY. IV  POJSTRY,  DRAMA.  MUSIC.  V.  BEAUX  ARTS.  VI. 
GEOGRAPHY.  VII.  MILITARY  VIII.  FICTION.  IX.  GENERAL 
LITERATURE. 

DULAU  A  CO.  37,  Soho  Square.  London,  W. 

BO  0  K  S.  —  WILLIAM  BROUGH  &  SONS, 
Hers  and  Exporters,  are  prepared  to  give  highest  cash 
prices  for  Libraries  of  any  description  and  of  any  magnitude.  Gentle- 
men, Executors  and  others,  should  communicate  with  WILLIAM 
BKDl'GH   ,';  SONS,  who  are  at  all  times  prepared   to  give  full   .ash 

mine  for  Booki  In  all  Branches  of  Literature.  Vendor!  will  And  this 
method  of  disposing  of  their  Properties  to  be  much  more  advantageous 
than  Auction,  while  the  worry,  delay,  and  expense  inseparable  to 
Auction  Bale  will  be  entirely  obviated.  CATALOGUES  gratis.— 
818,  Broad  Btreot,  Birmingham.  Established  1846.  Telegrams— 
"Bibliopole,  Birmingham." 

A  NCIENT  and  MODERN   COINS.— Collectors 

XV  and  Antiquarians  are  invited  to  apply  to  SPINK  A  BON, 
Limited,  for  Specimen  Copy  Igratisi  of  their  NUMISMATIC  ciltcu- 
LAK  The  finest  Greek,  Roman,  and  English  Coins  on  View  and  for 
Bale  at  Moderate  Prices.— 8P1NK  A  80N,  Limited,  Experts.  Valuers, 
and  Cataloguers,  IS,  17,  and  18,  Piccadilly,  Lou. Ion.  w.  Established 
lipwauls  of  a  Century. 


CiIRST    I  hi  l  IONS   ol    MODERN    AUTHORS, 

in.  1. 1. Iln*  Dickens,  Thackeray,  Ley*,    Alntworth ;    Books  illus 

I      •         ■  k.  Phil    Huwuuidaoi      i  'I  be 

'  Colic,  lion  offered  f..r  Hale  in  the  World      i  ATA 

•  ■  llouiht  — 

WAL'I  l 

ALL  tin'  Im-sl   booki  at   km  r.     Sum 

Books,  S.-coli.l  band    1-s.k.s.  nod    IUI-.imi.I    Books  equal   l 

CATAL li     Issued     Monthly    and    sent    free    to    any    A 

Ml  DIE'S    SELECT    LIBRARY.    Ltd.,    a)  34.    New    Oxford  Str«i 
London,  \V  C 

T>  M.         B    A     R    N    A    R    D,      M.  A. 

(Formerly  Classical  end  TheoJaglaal  Bt  h.dar  of 
Christ »  College,  Cambi  I 

10,  DUDLE1    i:n\i)  (opposite  the  Open  limine), 
TUNilKIlxiK   WELLS. 

CATALOGUE    19,    JUST    ISSUED,    contains:— 

MISCELLANEOUS    BOOKS,     including    OCCULT    AND    OLD 

CATALOGUE    18    can   still   be   had.— Books    on 

KENT    HISTORICAL  TRACTS.  AMERICANA. 


^utljars'  jXgrnts. 


THE  AUTHOR'S  AGENCY.— Established  1879. 
The  interests  of  Authors  capably  represented.  Agreements  for 
Publishing  arranged.  MSS.  placed  with  Publishers.-  Terms  and  Ti  m 
mouials  on  application  to  Mr.  A.  M.  BURGUES.  34,  Paternoster  Row 

MR.  GEORGE  LARNER,  Accountant  and 
Liconsed  Valuer  to  the  Boofcsell.ng,  Publishing,  Newspaper 
Printing,  nn.l  Stationery  Trades.  Partnerships  Arranged.  Balance 
Sheets  and  Trading  Accounts  Prepared  and  Audit-d.  All  Business 
earned  out  under  Mr.  Lanier's  personal  supervision. —28  -JO  and  SO 
Paternoster  Row.  K.C.,  Secretary  to  the  Booksellers'  Provideui 
Institution. 


|3rint*r5. 


ATHEN^UM    PRESS. -JOHN    EDWARD 

A  FRANCIS.  Printer  of  the  Atlu-nieum,  Notet  and  Queries.  Ac,  is 
prepared  to  SUBMIT  ESTIMATES  for  all  kinds  of  BOOK.  NEWS, 
and  PERIODICAL  PRINTING.— 13.  Bream's  Buildings,  Chancery 
Lane,  E.C. 


^aLes  by  Ruction. 


Valuable  Miscellaneous  and  Scientific  Books,  including  the 
Library  of  the  late  Capt.  J.  ST.  JOHN  FREDERICK 
(sold  by  order  of  the  Executors). 

MESSRS.  HODGSON  &  CO.  will  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  at  their  Rooms,  115.  Chancery  Lane.  W.C,  on 
WEDNESDAY'.  January  22,  and  Two  Following  Days,  at  1  o'clock. 
VALUABLE  MISCELLANEOUS  BOOKS,  including  the  ABOVE 
LIBRARY  and  other  Properties,  comprising  Cbamberlaine's  Imita- 
tions of  Holbein,  Original  Edition,— Pvne's  Royal  Residences,  Large 
Paper.  3  vols.  —  Hutchins's  History  of  Dorset.  Best  Edition.  4  vols.— 
Gould's  Humming  Birds,  5  vols.— Meyer's  Illustrations  of  British  Birds, 
Original  Edition,  4  vols.— Curtis's  Botanical  Magazine,  72vols.  1787-1846 
—Edwards's  Botanical  Register,  33  vols.— Annals  of  Natural  History, 
the  Five  Series  complete.  100  vols.— Microscopical  Society's  Trans- 
actions, Ac,  1844-1905,  and  other  Natural  History  Books— British 
Museum  Catalogues,  50  vols— a  fine  Set  of  Dibdin's  Bibliotheea  Spen- 
ceriana.  7  vols.,  Large  Paper— Smith's  Catalogue  Raisonne,  9  vols.— 
Propert's  Miniature  Art— Issues  from  the  Kelmscott  Press— Nurem- 
burg  Chronicle,  1493  — The  Tudor  Translations,  Japanese  Vellum 
Edition,  21  vols.  —  Froissart's  Chronicles,  with  Noel  Humphreys' 
Illuminations,  handsomely  bound  in  4  vols  —Best  Edition  of  Lytton, 
47  vols,  cloth.— Library  Sets  of  Dickens,  Thackeray,  and  Marryat  — 
03uvres  de  Victor  Hugo,  Large  Paper.  48  vols,  half-morocco— Books 
on  Cricket  and  other  Sports— Original  Drawings  by  Kate  Greenaway. 
Aubrey  Beardsley,  and  others— a  fine  Collection  of  Chinese  Coloured 
Drawings,  in  a  vols,  folio— Collections  relating  to  the  Military  History 
of  Great  Britain,  in  29  vols.— a  large  Selection  of  Arundel  Society's 
Chromo-Lithographs,  Ac. 

To  be  viewed,  and  Catalogues  had. 


M 


ESSRS.    CHRISTIE,   MANSON  &  WOODS 

respectfully  give  notice  that  they  will  hold  the  following 
SALES  by  AUCTION,  at  their  Great  Rooms.  King  Street,  St.  James's 
Square,  the  Sales  commencing  at  1  o'clock  precisely : — 

On  TUESDAY  and  WEDNESDAY,  January  21 

and  22.  ENGRAVINGS,  the  Property  of  Mr.  THOMAS  McLEAN. 

On  THURSDAY,  January  23,  OLD  ENGLISH 

SILVER  PLATE,  formerly  at  the  Albion  Tavern,  and  from  various 
sources. 

On  FRIDAY,  January  24,  the  COLLECTION 

of    STAFFORDSHIRE    WARE    of   PERCY    FIT/GERALD.    Esq.. 
F.S.A. 

On  SATURDAY,  January  26,  PICTURES  and 

DRAWINGS,  the  Property  of  the  late  H.  C.  BRUNNING,  Esq..  and 
others. 


M 


General  Natural  History  Specimens. 
TUESDAY  NEXT,  at  half  past   12  o'clock. 
R.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  OFFER  at  his  Rooms, 

.18.  King  Street,  Covent  Garden.  London,  W.O.,  BRITISH 
and  EXOTIC  LEP1DOPTERA.  In  Botes  and  Papers,  from  various 
sources— Collection  of  Minerals.  Agates.  Ivory  Tusks.  Ac  — Birds  sit 
up  in  Glass  Cases— British  and  Foreign  Land  and  Freshwater  Shells— 
well-seasoned  Canincts. 

On   view  day  prior,  10  to  8,  and  morning  of  Sale.    Catalogues  on 
application. 


Curiosities. 

MR.    J.     C.    STEVENS'S    NEXT    SALE    of 
CURIOSITIES  will  take  place  on  TUESDAY.  January 93,  at 

half-put  IS  O'clock,  and  will  include  Weapons.  Can  id  Clubs,    Paddles. 

Ac.  from  New  Guinea,  Samoa.  New  Zealand,  and  other  parte— Antique 

Onus  and  PIstOlS,  Metal  Lamps.  Candle  Holders.  Till. lor  Roves.  .tic  — 
Baxter  and  other  Prints— Wooden  soled  Shoe  supposed  to  ha\e  been 
worn  by  Thomas  a  Beeket— and  the  usual  Miscellaneous  Assort  mint. 

On  view  day  prior  10  to  D  and  Morning  of  Sale.  Catalogues  on 
application  to  the  AUCTIONEERS,  38,  King  Street,  Covent  Garden, 
London   W.C. 


Salti  of  M ' UrrWiufiiui  Pti  j 

Ml'.    •'     ''     si  i:\'i:\s    ben  u<   nrmounoe  that 
MALES  aio  li.  1,1   EVERY   Kltll.AV.  ut    bis  1 
•  ii.    Londu 

OB.IKITIVI  ;--.-TI.k»Miw- 

trlcal  an. I  Meietitloi    liittruniei  ■ 
all  kinds  of  Photographic  Appsratu* 

and    all    Ai<-«-«kti-»    In     great    \nrlrty     l.\     Ile»l     Maker* 
Furniture— Jeweller} —»nd  other  Mi»cell»tir.        i 

On  view  Thursday  a  to  5  and  morning  of  Hale. 


3.  PARK  PLACK.  LEEIjS 
Re      V.      DTKX8,      drceated. 

MKSSKS.     BOLLI8    k    WEBB,    instructed    bv 
the  Executors.  »ill  SELL  bj   AUCTION,  M   their  Ro 
above,  on  JANUARY22,  S.  end  J*,  tlo-  r.-markably  fine  LIBRARY 
of    BOOKS     Inclo     nl  i  of   the    Kelmscott    Press,    including 

Cbaucer.  First  English  Translations  ol  Essays. 

and  Cervantes'   Don    O'  Editions    of    the    Dramatists- 

Tudor    Translations —  Villon    H>«-iely  —  Fine-Art    Books  —  Limited 
Editions  of  illiistiati-d  Preocn  Works. 

Catalogues  Iprice  (W.  each)  can  be  had  from  the  AUCTIoM 
g,  Park  Place,  Leeds. 

On  view  Two  Days  prior  to  the  Sale. 
Sale  at  11  o'clock  each  day. 


iHaga^iius,  &c. 


THE     ENGLISH     HISTORICAL    REVIEW. 
Edited  by   REGINALD    L.    PooLE.    MA.    Ph.D. 
No.  89.    JANUARY.  1908.     Royal  Bro,  price  6s. 

1.  Art: 

THE  KING'S  COUNCIL  FROM  EDWARD  I.  TO  EDWARD  III. 

By  James  F.  Baldwin. 
THE  AMALGAMATION  01   THE  ENGLISH   MERCANTILE 

CRAFTS.    By  Miss  Stella  Kramer. 
THE     NORTHERN     PACIFICATION     OF    1719-20.      By  J.   F. 

Chance.     Part  III. 
QUEEN    VICTORIA'S  LETTERS.  1ST7-1861.     By  the  Master  of 

Peterhouse,  Cambridge. 

2.  Notts  itnil  DocumtmtM. 

THE  DATES  OF  HENRY  II.  s  CHARTERS.    By  the  Editor. 
CISTERCIAN  8CHOLARS  AT  OXFORD.     By  R.  C.  Fowler. 
A  VOLUNTARY  SUBSIDY   LEVIED   BY   EDWARD  IV.,  1482. 

By  Miss  Cora  L.  Scofield. 
THE  CORONATION  OF  QUEEN    ELIZABETH.     By  the  Rev. 

H.  A.  Wilson. 

THE  SALE   OF    EPISCOPAL   LANDS   DURING    THE  CIVIL 
WARS  AND  THE  COMMONWEALTH.     By  G.  B.  Talbam. 

3.  iJertetrs  of  JJook*.  4.  Short  -Volices. 

LONGMANS.  GREEN  A  CO.  39,  Paternoster  Row.  London.  E.C. 


T 


HE       EDINBURGH       RE  VIE  \V. 

No.  423.    JANUARY.  1906.     8vo.  rrice  6s. 

1.  THE  GOVERNMENT  OF  SUBJECT  RACES. 

2.  LADY  MARY  WORTLEY  MONTAGU. 

3.  THE    ORIGIN    AND    PROSPECTS   OF    GOTHIC    ARCHI- 

TECTURE. 

4.  BISHOP  GORE  AND  THE  CHURCH  OF  ENGLAND. 

5.  THE  FALLACIES  OF  SOCIALISM. 

6.  VERSAILLES. 

7.  HEINRICH  HEINE  :    EMOTION  AND  LRONY. 

8.  RELIGION  IN  LITERATURE. 

9.  THE    AGRICULTURAL     POSITION    OF    THE     UNITED 

KINGDOM. 

10.  THE  SECOND  HAGUE  CONFERENCE. 

11.  QUEEN  VICTORIA'S  LETTERS. 

LONGMANS.  GREEN  A  CO.  39.  Paternoster  Row,  London,  E.C 


"TnE  WRITERS  WHITAKER. 

THE    LITERARY     YEAR    BOOK,    190S. 
With  a  Classified  List  of  Popular  Reprints  as  Supplement. 
Crown  Svo,  cloth,  ga.  net. 
Contents  .—Review  of  the  Literary  Y'ear  19)17— Authors'  Directory — 
Index  of  Authors— Law  and  Letters— Publishers'  Directory — Periodical 
Publications  and  Contributor's  Guide— Libraries— Lists  of  So. ; 
Booksellers.  Literary  Agents.  Typists.  Indexors,  Ac 

"Indispensable  towriters.it  is  a  volume  of  remarkable  interest  to 
the  reading  and  publishing  world."— Mancheatt  r  Courier. 

GEORGE  ROUTLEDGE  A  SONS.  Ltd.,  London,  EC. 


K 


JUST  PUBLISHED. 
Crown  Svo,  cloth.  397  pp.  and  Portrait  of  the  Author,  price  6*. 

0        S        M        0        S; 

or.  Philosophic  Studies  for  Lectures  and  Private  Use  on  Order. 

and  Correlations  In  Nature,  Mind.  Art.  and  Theism. 

By  GEORGE  WooLNoUGU.  MA. 

London  : 

SIMPKIN,  MARSHALL.  HAMILTON.  KENT  A  CO.,  Ltd. 


A 


JOHN  HAMILTON  THOM  CENTENARY, 
JANUARY  10,  1908. 

TO  BE  ri'BJ.IsnED  IMMEDIATELY. 

SECOND  (ABRIDGED)  EDITION  OF 

OPIRITUAL  P  A  I  T  H. 

Sermons  by  JOHN  HAMILTON  THOM. 

Crown  Svo,  pp.  210,  price  2*.  net  ;  by  post,  2s.  3d, 

BY  THE  SAME  AUTHOR. 
LAWS    OF    L1FK    A  ITER   THE    MIND    OF   CHRIST. 

First  and  Second  Series,     it.  Gd.  net  each. 
CHRIST  THE  REVEALER     2s.  net. 
A    MINISTER    OF    COD.       Selections    from    Occasional 

Sermons  and  Addresses.     With  a  Memoir,     is.  net. 

London  :  PHILIP  GREEN,  5,  Essex  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 


No.  4186,  Jan.  18,  1908 


THE     ATHEN.EUM 


59 


THE   BUILDER   (founded    1842),    4,  Catherine 
Street,  London,  W.C.,  JANUARY  18,  contains  :— 
THE   DANGERS   OP    BUILDING.     II.     The   Question  of 
Administration. 

A  COMPETITION  DESIGN  FOR  THE  LONDON  COUNTY 
HALL. 

HYDRAULICS. 

THE  AQUEDUCTS  OF  ANCIENT  ROME.    II. 

THE  JAMAICA   EARTHQUAKE   AND  REBUILDING  IN 

KINGSTON  (Architectural  Association). 
FORESHORE  EROSION  AND  RECLAMATION  (Surveyors' 

Institution). 
REINFORCED  CONCRETE  BEAM  FORMULAE  (Student's 

Column). 

From  Offices  as  above  (4c?.,  by  post  4£c£.),  at  Rail- 
way Bookstalls,  Bookshops,  and  of  all  Newsagents. 

ELEVENTH    EDITION    NOW    READY. 
Price  Two  Shillings  net. 

/CELESTIAL    MOTIONS  :    a    Handy    Book    of 

V^     Astronomy.     Eleventh  Edition.     With  5  Plates.     By  W.  T. 
LYNN,  B.A.  F.R.A.S. 
"Well  known  as  one  of  our  best  introductions  to  astronomy." 

Guardian. 
London : 
SAMUEL  BAGSTER  &  SONS,  Limited,  15,  Paternoster  Row. 

NINTH    EDITION    IN    THE    PRESS. 
Fcap.  8vo,  cloth,  price  Sixpence. 

REMARKABLE  ECLIPSES:  a  Sketch  of  the 
most  interesting  Circumstances  connected  with  the  Observation 
of  Solar  and  Lunar  Eclipses,  both  in  Ancient  and  Modern  Times.  By 
\V.  T.  LYNN,  B.A.  F.R.A.S. 

London  : 
SAMUEL  BAGSTER  &  SONS,  Limited,  15,  Paternoster  Row. 

THIRTEENTH  EDITION  JUST  OUT,  price  Sixpence,  cloth. 

EEMARKABLE    COMETS  :   a  Brief  Survey  of 
the  most  interesting  Facts  in  the  History  of  C'ometary  Astro- 
nomy.   By  W.  T.  LYNN,  B.A.  F.R.A.S. 
London  : 
SAMUEL  BAGSTER  &  SONS.  Limited,  15,  Paternoster  Row. 


A 


FIFTH  EDITION,  Revised  to  1908,  NOW  READY. 
Fcap.  8vo,  cloth,  price  Sixpence. 

STRONOMY    FOR     THE    YOUNG. 

By  W.  T.  LYNN,  B.A.  F.R.A.S. 


London : 
SAMUEL  BAGSTER  &  SONS,  Limited,  15,  Paternoster  Row 


SECOND  EDITION  NOW  READY,  price  One  Shilling. 

BRIEF  LESSONS  ON  THE  PARABLES  AND 
MIRACLES    OF    OUR   LORD.     With  an   Appendix   on    the 
Names  of  the  Apostles  and  4  Maps.    By  W.  T.  LYNN,  B.A.  F.R.A.S. 
Associate  of  King's  College,  London. 
"That  praiseworthy  little  book."— Quardian,  August  '22,  1906. 
London : 
SAMUEL  BAGSTER  &  SONS,  Limited,  15,  Paternoster  Row. 


No.   2    NOW    READY. 
THE 


A     REVIEW     OF    THE     WORLD'S 

PROGRESS. 

Monthly,    Is.    net. 

The  January  number  contains  important  articles 
by  leading  Foreign  Statesmen  on  the  Crisis  in 
Portugal,  the  Future  of  Austria,  the  Labour  Party 
in  Belgium,  &c,  &c. 

Special  features  of  the  number  a.e  articles  on 
new  development  in  art  and  literature  by  Walter 
■Crane,  Professor  Regnault  (Paris),  Lily  Braun 
-(Berlin),  and  Dr.  Schoenhof  (Vienna). 

The  Editor  contributes  an  article  on  the  Awaken- 
ing of  Art  in  Oriental  Countries,  and  the 
sensational  new  developments  of  realistic  painting 
in  Japan,  illustrated  with  several  fine  repro- 
ductions of  the  principal  pictures. 

THE 

INTERNATIONAL. 

The  Magazine  which  records  all  important 
reform  movements  throughout  the  World.  Over 
2.">0  Foreign  Correspondents.  Obtainable  through 
any  Booksellers.     Price  Is.   net. 


CAMBRIDGE    UNIVERSITY    PRESS 


ARISTOTLE.— DE  ANIMA. 

Notes  by  R.  D.  Hicks,  M.A. 


With  Translation,  Introduction,  and 


Royal  8vo 
18s  net 


The  first  English  edition  of  this  treatise  appeared  in  18S2  under  the  title  of 
"Aristotle's  Psychology  in  Greek  and  English, "  with  Introduction  and  Notes  by 
Edwin  Wallace,  and  has  been  for  some  time  out  of  print.  In  preparing  the 
present,  independent  edition,  the  Editor  has  made  full  use  of  the  fresh  materials 
which  have  accumulated  owing  to  the  researches  of  the  last  quarter  of  a  century, 
especially  the  critical  edition  of  De  Anima  by  the  late  William  Biehl,  and  the 
series  of  Aristotelian  Commentaries  re-edited  under  the  auspices  of  the  Berlin 
Academy. 


A  BOOK   OF   GREEK 

Fellow  of  King's  College. 


VERSE.     By  Walter  Headlam,  Litfc.D., 


Crown  Svo 
6s  net 


"Many  of  Dr.  Headlam's  renderings  approach  perfection  in  diction  and 
rhythm,  and  are  inspired  by  a  feeling  for  poetry  which  is  as  rare  as  it  is  delightful. 
By  disclosing  beauties  over  which  ordinary  translators  cast  a  thick  veil,  his  book 
will  help  readers  ignorant  of  Greek  to  understand  and  share  the  enthusiasm  which 
that  literature  excites  in  its  votaries.  But,  naturally,  these  translations  appeal 
most  strongly  to  the  initiated.  They  set  before  the  young  student  who  can 
recognize  their  excellence  a  standard  which  he  may  hope  some  day  to  reach,  while 
the  mature  scholar  will  derive  from  them  a  keen  aesthetic  pleasure  and  an  increased 

appreciation  of  the  poetic  value  of  familiar  passages  and  phrases The  Greek 

versions  we  have  no  space  to  review  in  detail,  and  can  only  record  our  belief  that 
they  are  not  surpassed,  if  indeed  they  are  equalled,  by  any  existing  productions  of 

the  same  kind Some  fifty  pages  of  notes,  full  of  erudition  and  fine  criticism, 

complete  the  volume,  which  appears  at  an  opportune  moment  to  defend  the  cause 
of  classical  education,  and  encourage  those  advocates  of  reform  who  desire  that 
Latin  and  Greek  should  be  taught,  not  as  dead  languages,  but  as  living  literature." 

Athenaeum. 

THE   INDUSTRIAL  REVOLUTION.     Being   the   parts  entitled 

PARLIAMENTARY  COLBERTISM  and  LAISSEZ  FAIRE  reprinted  from  THE 
GROWTH  OF  ENGLISH  INDUSTRY  AND  COMMERCE  IN  MODERN  TIMES.  By 
W.  Cunningham,  D.D.  F.B.A.,  Archdeacon  of  Ely. 

The  importance  of  studying  the  causes,  through  which  the  existing  state  of 
affairs  has  come  into  being,  is  being  recognized  by  many  of  those  who  take  an 
interest  in  the  social  and  industrial  questions  of  the  present  day.  With  the  view  of 
meeting  the  requirements  of  such  readers,  the  Syndics  of  the  Cambridge  Uni- 
versity Press  have  consented  to  reprint  the  portions  of  The  Growth  of  Industry  and 
Commerce  in  Modem  Times  which  deal  with  the  revolution  that  occurred,  both  in 
town  and  country,  during  the  eighteenth  and  the  first  half  of  the  nineteenth  century. 
The  original  divisions  and  pagination  have  been  preserved,  as  it  may  sometimes  6e 
convenient  to  use  this  reprint  in  classes  or  otherwise,  along  with  the  complete  work. 


Demy  Svo 
5s  net 


By  Norman  Robert  Campbell, 


MODERN  ELECTRICAL  THEORY. 

M.A.,  Fellow  of  Trinity  College,  Cambridge. 

The  author  has  attempted  to  expound  the  subject   in  its  logical  order,    to 

Demy  Svo  analyse  the  arguments  by  which  the  various  phenomena  are  correlated,  to  draw 

■  7S  g(i  1le(  special  attention  to  the  assumptions  that  have  been  made,  and  to  show  which  of 

•  these  assumptions  are  fundamental  in  the  modern  theory  of  electricity,  and  which 

may  be  expected  to  be  abandoned  in  the  further  progress  of  investigation.     In  the 

selection  of  the  material  to  be  treated,  subjects  have  been  selected  not  for  their 

intrinsic  importance  or  for  the  interest  of  the  accessory  studies  with  which  they  are 

connected,   but  for  the  light  which  they  throw  upon  the  central  problem,    the 

relation  of  electricity  and  matter. 

THE    THEORY    OF    OPTICAL    INSTRUMENTS.      By    E.    T. 

Whittaker,  M.A.  F.R.S.  Hon.Sc.D.(Dubl.);   Royal  Astronomer  of  Ireland.     (Xo.   7  of 

Cambridge  Tracts  in  Mathematics  and  Mathematical  Physics.) 

In  this  work  the  endeavour  is  made  to  lead  up  directly  from  the  first  elements 

of  optics  to  those  parts  of  the  subject  which  are  of  the  greatest  importance  to 

Demy  8vo  workers  with  optical  instruments.   The  writer  moreover  believes  that  the  customary 

2s  6d  net  course  of  Geometrical  Optics  presented  to  mathematical  students  in  universities 

might  with  advantage  be  modified,  and  offers  the  present  tract  as  a  suggestion  to 

this  end. 

BALLADS  AND  POEMS  ILLUSTRATING  ENGLISH  HISTORY. 

Edited  by  Frank  Sidgwick. 

"Ballads  and  poems  which  every  boy  and  girl  needs  to  know  are  here,  together 

with  many  a  less  hackneyed  gem.    And  in  addition  to  all  those,  Mr.  Sidgwick  has 

Fcap  8vo  given  notes  at  the  end  of  the  volume,  which  are  calculated  not  only  to  give  the 

ls  gj  pupil  details  sufficient  to  enable  him  to  understand  allusions,  but  to  Impress  the 

poems  and  the  scenes  upon  his  mind  for  ever."— Bookman. 

"Fortunate  will  be  those  young  pupils  whose  lessons  in  history  are  Imprinted 
on  the  memory  by  learning  these  poems." — Tribune. 

"Of  the  historical  and  explanatory  notes  added  to  the  volume  it  is  impossible 
to  speak  too  highly." — M cmckester  Courier. 

EDMUND    SPENSER.— THE  FOWRE    HYMNES.      Edited    by 

L.   Winstanley,    M.A.,   Lecturer  in   English  in  the    University   College    of    Wales, 


Aberystwyth. 

Foolscap  8vo 
2s 


T.    FISHER    UNWIN,     London. 


Though  this  edition  is  intended  primarily  for  students,  it  is  hoped  that  the 
Introduction  may  prove  of  some  use  to  Spenserian  scholars  generally.  So  far  as 
the  editor  knows,  the  influence  of  the  llemici  Fnrori  on  Spenser  has  not  been 
suggested  before,  and  that  of  the  Symposium  and  Phtu  drut  and  of  Ficlnois  worked 
out  much  more  fully  than  can  be  found  elsewhere. 

POEMS    BY   WILLIAM  WORDSWORTH.     Selected  and  anno 

tated  by  Clara  L.  Thomson,  Author  of  'Samuel  Richardson:   a   Critical  and  Bio- 
graphical Study,'  'A  First  History  of  England/  &c. 

"  It  makes  an  excellent  reading  booh  tor  classes  in  English."    Scotsman, 
"  Miss  Thomson  has  given  as  hereabout  forty  of  Wordsworth's  shorter  poems, 
and  two  selections  from  the  longer  poems    one  from  the  'Prelude,'  and  the  other 
from  the  'Excursion.1     To  these  she  lias  prefixed  two   sin.it  and  well-written 
prefaces— one  on  Wordsworth's  life  and  one  on  his  poems    and  has  added  al  the 

end  a  few  Holes  In  explain  the  harder  passages.      The   little   book   is  a  well   thought 
OUtand  scholarly  production,  and  thoroughly  deserves  t„  mii d." 

Journal  of  Education, 
London,  Fetter  Lane :  Camuridge  University  Press  Warehouse;  C.  F.  Olay,   Bias 


Foolscap  8vo 

lsGd 


60 


T  II  E     AT  II  KX.K  L'M 


N<>.  U86,  .Ian.  18.  L908 


MACMILLAN'S    EDUCATIONAL    LIST. 

THE    INTERNATIONAL    GEOGRAPHY. 

By  BEVBNTS    AUTHOR8.     Edited  by  H.  R.  MILL,  D.Sc.    With  189  Illustrations.     Now  Edition,  Bvo,  complete,  15«. 

The   folic Winn   Sections   are    issued    separately    wilti    hmiw   and    Examination    Papers    in    the   Text:-].    BBTTIAH     BUS,    U        MM   BOPS,  MI      \~IA,    2#.  ; 

IV |  AUSTRALIA.  1*.  Orf.  ;  V.  NORTH  AMEBIC  A,  CKNTBAL  AMERICA,  .id  the  WE8T  INDIES.  2..  .  M    BOl   HI  A  M  KRICA,  1*.  Orf.  ;  VII    UTtOi 

Plscut  write  for  detail  <i  Pimjieiifiii.  _^^^^^___^_^^_^_— 


NEW   EDITION,  REVISED  AM)   ENLARGED. 

ARITHMETIC    FOR    SCHOOLS.     By  the  Rev.   J.    B.    LOOK,    M.A., 

:iii<1  v.  M.  Tl'RMU  1. 1..  MA.     Extra  crown  8vo,  U.  id. • 

A  MODERN  ARITHMETIC.  With  Graphic  and  Practical  Exercises. 
By  II.  SVDM'.V  JONES,  MA.  Part  I.  Globe  BTO,  n  iihout  Answers,  2*.  6(7.  ;  with 
tMHn,  3s. ^ 

ARITHMETIC.    Chiefly  Examples.    By  G.  W.   Palmer,  M.A.    Crown 

sui,  'A*.  6rf.  

GRAPHICS  applied  to  Arithmetic,  Mensuration,  and  Statics.  By  G.  C. 
Tl'RNEK.  B.Se.  (Lond.),  crown  8vo,  &*. 

ELEGEIA.  Passages  for  Latin  Elegiac  Verso.  With  Hints  and  English- 
Lit  in  Gradual  By  C.  H.  ST.  L.  RUSSELL,  M.A.,  Assistant-Master  at  Clifton 
College,     Globe  8vo,  3s.  Orf. 

Kdueation. " An  excellent  work.     It  satisfies  a  long-felt  want,  anil  should   have  a 

i,aih  sale  anions' Public  Schools  of  the  higher  class We  cordially  commend  the  book  to 

master!  In  oni  great  Public  Schools.  

DECURSUS  PRIMUS.     A  First  Latin  Grammar.     With  Exercises.     By 
Prof.  T.  G.  TUCKER,  Litt.D.     Globe  8vo,  2s.  Orf. 
Schoolmaster.—"  An  excellent  beginners'  hook,  which  can  be  recommended." 

AN     INTRODUCTION     TO     LATIN     PROSE. 

MITCHELL,  M.A.     Crown  8vo,  3s.  6d. 


By    George    W. 


AIDS  TO  THE  STUDY  AND  COMPOSITION  OF  ENGLISH. 
KyJ.  C.  NESFIKLD,  M.A.    Qlobe  Sro,  4c  6d.    Key,  4*.  <w 

Education. — "Mr.  NesfieM  -  excellent  little  work." 

The  Scottish  Class  Teacher.—"  Certainly  the  best  treatise  we  hare  yet  perused  on  the 
study  of  the  mother  tongue." 

ENGLISH    ESSAYS.     Materials  and    Models   for  Composition  from   the 
Great  Essayists.     Selected  and  Arranged  bv.I.  H.  FOWLER,  M.A.,  Ajwistant  M 
at  Clifton  College.     Globe  BTO,  2s.  84 

ENGLISH  LITERATURE  FOR  SECONDARY  SCHOOLS-New  Volfl. 

THE  AGE  OF  THE  ANTONINES.  (The  History  of  the  Decline  and 
Fall  of  the  Roman  Empire,  by  EDWARD  GIBBON,  Chapters  L-III.)  Edited  by 
J.  H.  FOWLER,  M.A.     Globe  BTO,  limp  cloth,  1*. 

SEVENTEENTH  CENTURY  PROSE.  Selected  and  Edited,  with 
Introductions,  Notes,  Glossary,  &c,  by  ELIZABETH  LEE    Globe  8vo,  limp  cloth,  U. 

Crown  9 

[Tuesday. 


A  SHORT  FRENCH  GRAMMAR.     By  Otto  Siki  mann. 


6rf. 

SIEPMANN'S  FRENCH  SERIES  FOR  RAPID  READING. 
LA  BIBLIOTHEQUE  DE    MON    ONCLE.     By  Rodolfhe  Topftek. 

Globe  8vo,  sewed,  Orf.  [Tuesday. 


CAMBRIDGE     LOCAL 

KNOWLEDGE. 


RELIGIOUS 

THE   ACTS   OF   THE  APOSTLES.     Greek  Text. 

With  Notes  by  T.  E.  Page,  M.A.    3s.  6d. 

[Junior  and  Senior. 
THE  ACTS    OF    THE    APOSTLES.      Authorised 

Version.     With  Notes  by  T.  E.  Page,  M.A.,  and  Rev. 

A.  s.  Wai.pole,  M.A.    28.  6(7.        [Junior  and  Senior. 

ENGLISH. 

SCOTT  — MARMION.    Cantos  I.  and  VI.    With  Intro- 
duction and  Notes  by  M.  Macmillan,  B.A.     Is. 

[Preliminary. 

MARMION.      With    Introduction    and    Notes    by 

M.  Ma  CM  ill  an,  B.A.    3s.  ;  sewed,  2s.  6rf.         [Junior. 

MARMION,  &c.    Edited  by  F.  T.  Palgrave.    Is. 

[Junior. 

QUENTITJ    DURWARD.      With    Introduction 

and  Notes.     2s.  0(7.  [Junior. 

QUENTIN  DURWARD.    Abridged  for  Schools. 

l.s.  (id.  [Junior. 

KINGSLEY'S  HEROES.    With  Notes.    Is.  Orf. 

[Preliminani. 
SHAKESPEARE'S  MERCHANT  OF  VENICE. 
With  Introduction  and  Notes  by  K.  Deighton.    Is.  9(7. 

[Junior  and  Senior. 

THE   MERCHANT   OF   VENICE.     Eversley 

Edition.     With  Notes.     Is.  [Junior  and  Senior. 

CORIOLANUS.    With  Introduction  and  Notes  by 

K.  Deighton.    2s.  6(7.  [Senior. 


EXAMINATIONS,     1908. 

LATIN    AND    GREEK— continued. 


ENGLISH—  continued. 

SHAKESPEARE'S  CORIOLANTJS.  Everslev  Edi- 
tion.    With  Notes.     Is.  [Senior. 

TENNYSON'S  SELECT  POEMS.  With  Intro- 
duction and  Notes  by  H.  B.  George  and  W.  H. 
HADOW.     2s.  6rf.  [Jmiior. 

MILTON— COMUS.  With  Introduction  and  Notes  by 
W.  BELL,  M.A.     Is.  3(7.  [Senior. 

LYCIDAS,  SONNETS,  &c.    By  W.    Bell,  M.A. 

1«-  M-  [Senior. 

FRENCH  AND   GERMAN. 

LE  MISANTHROPE.  G.  E.  Fasnacht 


MOLIERE. 

Is. 
GOETHE.  —  HERMANN 

J.  T.  Hatfield.    3s.  6(7. 


UND 


[Senior. 
DOROTHEA. 

[Senior. 


GREEK. 

Vol.  I.  (containing  Lives  of 


LATIN   AND 

CORNELIUS  NEPOS. 

Miltiades,  Themistocles,  Aristides,  Pausanias,  Cimon). 
With  Notes  and  Vocabulary  by  Herbert  Wilkinson, 
M.A.     Is.  6d.  [Preliminary. 

C^ESAR.-GALLIC  WAR.  BOOKS  II.  and  III. 
With  Notes  and  Vocabulary  by  Rev.  W.  G.  Ruther- 
ford, LL.D.     Is.  6d.  [Junior. 

THE    GALLIC    WAR.      Edited    bv  Rev.   John 

Bond,  M.A.,  and  Rev.  A.  S.  Walpole,  M.A.    4s.  6rf. 
[Junior. 


VIRGIL.—  AENEID.  BOOK  X.  With  Notes  and 
Vocabulary  by  S.  G.  Owen,  M.A.    Is.  6d. 

[Junior  and  Senior. 

LIVY.-BOOK  XXL  By  W.  W.  Capes,  M.A.,  and  J.  E. 
Meliiuish,  M.A.     Is.  6(7.  [Senior. 

BOOKS    XXI.   and   XXII.     Edited   bv  Rev.    W.    W. 

Capes,  M.A.    4s.  6d.  [Senior. 

CICERO.— THE  CATILINE  ORATIONS.  Edited 
by  A.  S.  Wii.kins,  Litt.D.    2s.  6<7.  [Senior. 

HORACE.— ODES.  BOOK  IIL  With  Notes  and 
Vocabulary  by  T.  E.  Page,  M.A.  Elementary  Classics, 
Is.  6<7.  ;  Classical  Series,  2s.  [Senior. 

XENOPHON— ANABASIS.  BOOK  L  With  Notes 
and  Vocabulary  by  Rev.  A.  S.  Walpole,  M.A.  Is.  6rf. 
With  Exercises" by  E.  A.  Wells,  M.A.  Is.  Od. 

[Junior. 

EURIPIDES.  — HECUBA.  With  Notes  and  Voca- 
bulary by  Rev.  J.  Bond,  M.A,  and  Rev.  A.  S.  Walpole, 
M.A.     Is.  6d.  [Junior  and  Senior. 

PLATO. -EUTHYPHRO,  APOLOOY,  CRITO, 
AND  PHAEDO.  Translated  by  F.  J.  Cmitni. 
28.  6rf.  net.  [Senior. 

HOMER.-ILIAD.  BOOK  VI.  With  Notes  and  Voca- 
bulary by  Walter  Leaf,  Litt.D.,  and  Rev.  M.  A. 
BaTFIELD,  M.A.     Is.  6(7.  [Senior. 

ILIAD.      BOOKS    I.-Xn.      Edited    by    W.    Leaf, 

Litt.D.,  and  Rev.  M.  A.  Bayfield,  M.A  6s.  [Senior. 


RELIGIOUS 


OXFORD 

KNOWLEDGE. 


THE  GOSPEL  ACCORDING  TO  ST.  LUKE. 
Greek  Text.  With  Introduction  and  Notes  by  Rev.  J. 
Bond,  M.A.    2s.  6(7.  [Junior  and  Senior. 

AN  INTRODUCTION  TO  THE  CREEDS.  By 
Rev.  G.  F.  Maclear,  D.D.    3s.  6(7.  [Senior. 

THE  ACTS  OF  THE  APOSTLES.  Greek  Text. 
With  Notes  by  T.  E.  Page,  M.A.    3s.  6(7. 

[Junior  and  Senior. 

THE  ACTS  OF  THE  APOSTLES.  Authorised 
Version.  With  Notes  by  T.  E.  Page,  M.A.,  and  Rev. 
A.  S.  Walpole,  M.A.    2s.  6(7. 

[Preliminanj,  Junior,  and  Senior. 

LATIN. 


LOCAL     EXAMINATIONS,     1908. 

LATIN  —  continued. 


CdSSAR.-THE  GALLIC  WAR. 
John  Bond,  M.A.,  and  Rev.  A.  s 
4s.  6(7. 

GALLIC    WAR. 

Vocabulary  by  Rev.  A 


Edited   by  Rev. 
Walpole,  M.A. 
[Senior. 

BOOK    I.      With    Notes   and 
S.  Walpole,  M.A.    is.  orf. 

[Junior  and  Senior. 
-  GALLIC    WAR.     BOOKS   II.    and   III.      With 
Notes  and  Vocabulary  by  Rev.  W.  G.  Rutherford, 
LL.D.     Is.  6d.  [Senior. 

VIRGIL.— AENEID.     BOOK    I.      With  Notes   and 
Vocabulary  by  Rev.  A.  S.  Walpole,  M.A.     Is.  6d. 

[Junior  and  Senior. 

AENEID.    BOOK  I.     With  Notes  and  Vocabulary 

by  T.  E.  Page,  M.A.    Is.  6(7.         [Junior  and  Senior, 

AENEID.    BOOK  II.     With  Notes  and  Vocabulary 

by  T.  E.  Page,  M.A.    Is.  Od.  [Senior. 

LIVY.-BOOK  V.     With  Notes  and  Vocabulary  by  M. 
Alford.    is.  6(7.  [Senior. 

BOOK   XXI.     By  W.  W.  Capes,  M.A.,  and  J.   E. 

Mi.lhuish,  M.A.     Is.  6(7.  [Senior. 

BOOKS    XXL   and   XXII.     Edited  by  Rev.    W.    W. 

Capes,  M.A.    4s.  6(7.  [Senior. 


HORACE.-ODES.  BOOKS  I.  and  II.  With  Notes 
and  Vocabulary  by  T.  E.  Page,  M.A.  Elementary 
Classics,  is.  (id.  each  ;  Classical  Series,  2s.  each. 

[Senior. 

ENGLISH   AUTHORS. 

LAMB.— TALES  FROM  SHAKESPEARE.  With 
Introduction  and  Notes  by  C.  D.  Punthard,  B.A. 
(Contains  'The  Tempest,'  'As  You  Like  It,'  'The 
Merchant  of  Venice,'  'King  Lear,'  'Twelfth  Night,' 
'Hamlet.')    Is.  Crf.  [Preliminary. 

POEMS  OF  ENGLAND.  With  Introduction  and 
Notes  by  H.  B.  George,  M.A.,  and  A.  SlDGWICK,  M.A. 
2s-  6rf.  [Preliminary  and  Junior. 

DEFOE.  -  ROBINSON  CRUSOE.  Edited  by  H. 
Kingsley.     2s.  6rf.  [Preliminary. 


-  ROBINSON  CRUSOE. 
M.A.    2s.  Crf.  net. 


Edited  by  J.  W.  Clark, 

[Preliminary. 

LONGFELLOW.— HIAWATHA.  With  Introduc- 
tion and  Notes  by  H.  B.  Cotteiull,  M.A.     Is.  6(7. 

[Preliminary. 

SHAKESPEARE. -RICHARD  II.  With  Introduc- 
tion and  Notes  by  K.  Deighton.  With  an  Appendix. 
Is.  'Mi.  [Junior  and  Senior. 

JULIUS  C^SAR.     With  Introduction  and  Notes 

by  K.  Deighton.     1*. Orf.  [Junior  ami  Senior. 

THE  MERCHANT  OF  VENICE.  With  Intro- 
duction and  Notes  by  K.  Deighton.  Is.  Orf.  [Junior. 


SCOTT. -OLD 

and  Notes.     2j 


MORTALITY. 

.  0(7. 


With    Introduction 
[Junior  and  Senior. 


-  MARMION.    With  Introduction  and  Notes  by  M. 
Macmillan,  B.A.     3s.  [Junior  and  Senior. 


MARMION,  Ac. 


Edited  by  F.  T.  Palgrave.    Is. 
[Junior  and  Senior. 


ENGLISH    AUTHORS-coH/nim /. 
TENNYSON-POETICAL  WORKS.    Globe  Edi- 
tion.    3s.  6rf.    (This  Volume  contains 'The  Marriage  of 
Geraint,'  'Geraint  and  Enid,'  "The  Coming  of  Arthur,' 
'  The  Passing  of  Arthur.')  [Junior  and  Senior. 

SCHOOL     EDITION      OF      TENNYSON'S 

WORKS.  Part  IIL  2s.  6(7.  (This  Volume  contains 
'The  Marriage  of  Geraint,1  'Geraint  and  Enid,'  'The 
Coming  of  Arthur,'  'The  Passing  of  Arthur.') 

[Junior  and  Senior. 

IDYLLS  OF  THE  KING.    2s.  net.    (This  volume 

contains  'The  Marriage  of  Geraint,'  'Geraint  and  Enid.' 
'The  Coming  of  Arthur,'  'The  Passing  of  Arthur.') 

[Junior  and  Senior. 

GERAINT  AND  ENID  AND  THE  MAR- 
RIAGE OF  GERAINT.  With  Introduction  and 
Notes  by  G.  C.  Macaflay,  M.A.     2s.  6rf. 

[Junior  and  Senior. 

THE  COMING  OF  ARTHUR  AND  THE 

PASSING  OF  ARTHUR.  With  Introduction  and 
Notes  by  F.  J.  Row  e,  M.A.  2s.  Orf.  [Junior  and  Senior. 

KINGSLEY.  -  WESTWARD  HO!  Illustrated. 
3s.  6rf.  ;  2s.  6(7.  ;  2s.  net ;  Is.  ;  sewed,  6(7.  Abridged 
Edition.     Is.  6(7.  [Junior. 

MILTON.- COMUS.  With  Introduction  and  Notes  b] 
W.  Bell,  M.A.    U  3rf.  [Semtor. 

L'ALLEGRO,  IL  PENSEROSO,  ARCADES, 

LYCIDAS,  SONNETb,  &c.  By  W.  Bell,  MA. 
1*  Bit  [Senior. 

BACON.— ESSAYS.  With  Introduction  and  Notes  by 
F.  G.  SEI.nv,  M.A.     3s.  [Senior. 

WOKDSWOETE-POEMS  OF  WORDS- 
WORTH. Chosen  and  Edited  by  M.  Arnold. 
2s.  6(7.  net.  [Senior. 

HELPS  TO  THE   STUDY  OF  ARNOLD'S 

WORDSWORTH.     Bv  U.  WILSON,  B.A.     Is.  net. 

MA C AULA Y. -ESSAY  ON  ADDISON.  With 
Introduction  and  Notes  by  R.  F.  WINCH,  M.A.  2«.  6rf. 
(English  (lassies  Series.)  "  [5oii«r. 

ESSAY  ON  ADDISON.    Edited  byR.  F.  Winch. 

M.A.  is.  (English  Literature  for  Secondary  School 
Series.) [Srntor. 


MACMILLAN  &   CO.,  Ltd.,  St.  Martin's  Street,  London,  W.C. 


No.  4186,  Jan.  18.  1908 


THE     A  T  H  E  N  M U  M 


61 


MESSRS.    BELL'S    RECENT   EDUCATIONAL   BOOKS. 


ARITHMETIC. 

A  NEW  SCHOOL  ARITHMETIC.  A  New  Arithmetic  on  Modern  Lines 
by  Chakles  Pendlebury,  M.A.  ;  assisted  by  F.  E.  Robinson,  M.A. 
Fourth  Edition.  4s.  Qd. ;  or  in  Two  Parts,  2s.  Qd.  each.  Examples, 
separately,  3s. ;  or,  Part  I.,  Is.  Qd.  ;  Part  II.,  2s. 

A  JUNIOR  ARITHMETIC.     By  C.  Pendlebury,  M.A.     Is.  Qd.  ;  or,  with 

Answers,  2s.     (The  Answers  separately,  Qd.  net.) 


JUNIOR   ARITHMETIC 

Answers,  Is.  6c?. 


EXAMPLES.      Separately,    Is.  ;    or,    with 


NEW  SHILLING  ARITHMETIC.     ByC.  Pendlebury,  M.A.     Is.  ;  or, 

with  Answers,  Is.  id. 
*,.*  Similar  to  the  Junior  Arithmetic,  except  that  all  treatment  of  the 
first  four  rules  is  omitted. 

EXAMPLES  IN  ARITHMETIC.  With  some  Notes  on  Method.  By  C. 
0.  Tuckey,  M.A.,  Assistant  Master  at  Charterhouse.     3s. 

ALGEBRA- 

A  FIRST  ALGEBRA.     By  W.  M.  Baker,  M.A.,  and  A.  A.  Bourne,  M.A. 

Is.  Qd.  ;  or,  with  Answers,  2s.     The  Answers  separately,  Qd.  net. 

ELEMENTARY  ALGEBRA.  By  W.  M.  Baker,  M.A.,  and  A.  A. 
Bourne,  M.A.  Fourth  Edition,  Revised.  With  or  without  Answers. 
4s.  Qd.  Also  in  Parts — Part  I.  To  Quadratic  Equations,  2s.  6c?.  ;  or 
with  answers,  3s.  Part  II.  With  or  without  Answers,  2s.  Qd. 
FULL  KEY,  10s.  net ;  or,  in  Two  Parts,  5s.  net  each.  Examples, 
separately,  3s. 


EXAMPLES  IN  ALGEBRA.    By  C.  0.  Tuckey,  M.A. 
3s.     Appendix  of  Supplementary  Examples.     Qd.  net. 


Fifth  Edition. 


GEOMETRY. 

ELEMENTARY  GEOMETRY.  By  W.  M.  Baker,  M.A.,  and  A.  A. 
Bourne,  M.A.  Complete.  Fifth  Edition,  Revised.  4s.  6d.  COM- 
PLETE KEY,  6s.  net.     Also  in  Parts.     Complete  List  on  application. 

A  FIRST  GEOMETRY.  By  W.  M.  Baker,  M.A.,  and  A.  A.  Bourne, 
M.A.     With  or  without  Answers,  Is.  Qd. 

ALGEBRAIC  GEOMETRY.  A  New  Elementary  Treatise  on  Analytical 
Conic  Sections.  By  W.  M.  Baker,  M.A.  6s.  ;  or  Part  I.  (containing 
the  Straight  Line  and  the  Circle),  2s.  Qd.     KEY,  7s.  Qd.  net. 

A  FIRST  YEAR'S  COURSE  IN -GEOMETRY  AND  PHYSICS.    By 

Ernest  Young,  B.Sc,  Head  Master  Lower  School  of  John  Lyon, 
Harrow,  formerly  of  the  Education  Department,  Siam.  Crown  8vo, 
2s.  Qd.     Also  Parts  I.  and  II.  in  1  vol.,  Is.  Qd.  ;  Part  III.,  Is. 


FRENCH    AND    GERMAN. 

BELL'S  FRENCH  COURSE.     By  R.  P.  Atherton,  M.A.     Complete  in 
Two  Parts.     Illustrated.     Is.  Qd.  each. 


BELL'S  FIRST  FRENCH  READER.    By  R.  P.  Atherton,  M.A.     Is. 

A  FRENCH  HISTORICAL  READER.  With  Illustrations,  Brief  Notes, 
and  a  Vocabulary.  By  H.  N.  Adair,  M.A.Oxon.,  Assistant  Master  at 
St.  Paul's  Preparatory  School.     Crown  8vo,  Is.  Qd. 

STORIES  AND  ANECDOTES  FOR  TRANSLATION  INTO 
FRENCH.  A  Primer  of  French  Prose  Composition.  By  Carl 
Heath.     With  Notes  and  Vocabulary.     Is. 

GASC'S  CONCISE  DICTIONARY  OF  THE  FRENCH  AND  ENG 
LISH    LANGUAGES.     Fourth   Edition,   Revised.     Medium    16mo, 
Treble  Columns,  xii-941  pp.,  3s.  6c?.     Also  in  Two  Parts,  2s.  each. 

BELL'S  FIRST  GERMAN  COURSE.  By  L.  B.  T.  Chaffey,  M.A., 
Assistant  Master  at  Eton.     Illustrated.     2s. 

A  GERMAN  READER.  By  Calvin  Thomas,  Professor  in  Columbia  Uni- 
versity, and  W.  A.  Hervey.     Crown  8vo,  438  pp.,  4s.  Qd. 

KURZER   LEITFADEN    DER    DEUTSCHEN    DICHTUNG.     By 

A.  E.  Cop,  German  Mistress  at  the  Church  of  England  Girls'  Grammar 
School,  Melbourne.     Crown  8vo,  2s.  Qd. 


LATIN  AND  GREEK. 

BELL'S  CONCISE  LATIN  COURSE.  By  E.  C.  Marchant,  M.A., 
Fellow  of  Lincoln  College,  Oxford,  and  J.  G.  Spencer,  B.A.,  Assistant 
Master  at  St.  Paul's  Preparatory  School.     2s. 


BELL'S  CONCISE  LATIN  COURSE.    Part  II. 
M.A.,  and  S.  E.  Winbolt,  M.A.     2s.  Qd. 


By  E.  C.  Marchant, 


TRIGONOMETRY,   &c. 


A  NEW  TRIGONOMETRY  FOR  SCHOOLS.  By  W.  G.  Borchardt, 
M.A.,  and  Rev.  A.  D.  Perrott,  M.A.  4s.  6c/.  ;  or  in  Two  Parts, 
2s.  Qd.  each.     KEY,  10s.  net ;  or  in  Two  Parts,  5s.  net  each. 

ELEMENTARY  DYNAMICS.  By  W.  M.  Baker,  M.A.  Second  Edition, 
Revised  and  Enlarged.     Crown  8vo,  4s.  Qd.     KEY,  10s.  Qd.  net. 

DIFFERENTIAL  CALCULUS  FOR  BEGINNERS.  By  Alfred 
LODGB,  M.A.  With  an  Introduction  by  Sir  Oliver  Lodce,  D.Sc. 
F.  R.S.  LL.D.     Second  Edition,  Revised,  4s.  6c/. 

INTEGRAL  CALCULUS  FOR  BEGINNERS.  By  Alfred  Lodge,  M.A. 
Crown  8vo,  4s.  Qd. 

PRACTICAL  PHYSICS. 

A  FIRST  YEAR'S  COURSE  IN  PRACTICAL  PHYSICS.  By  Jaboh 
Sim  laib,  M.A.  (Glas.),  B.Sc.  (Lond.),  Head  Science  Master  in  Shaw- 
lands  Academy,  Glasgow.     With  numerous  Diagrams.     Is.  Qd. 


BELL'S  ILLUSTRATED  LATIN  COURSE  FOR  THE  YEAR.  By 

E.  C.  Marchant,  M.A.,  and  J.  G.  Spencer,   B.A.     In  Three  Parts. 
With  Coloured  Plates  and  numerous  other  Illustrations.     Is.  Qd.  each. 

LATIN  UNSEENS.  Selected  and  arranged  by  E.  C.  Marchant,  M.A., 
Fellow  of  Lincoln  College,  Oxford,  and  late  Classical  Master  at  St. 
Paul's  School.     Is. 

COTHURNULUS.  Three  Short  Latin  Historical  Plays  for  Beginners,  with 
Vocabularies.     By  Edwin  Vernon  Arnold,  Litt.D.     Crown  8vo.     Is. 

CLIMAX  PROTE.  A  First  Greek  Reader.  In  Two  Progressive  Parts. 
With  Hints  and  Vocabulary.  By  E.  C.  Marchant,  MA.,  Fellow  of 
Lincoln  College,  Oxford,  and  late  Classical  Master  at  St.  Paul's  School. 
With  30  Illustrations.     Crown  8vo,  Is.  Qd. 

ENGLISH. 

MASON'S  NEW  ENGLISH  GRAMMARS.  Revised  and  Augmented  by 
A.  J.  Ashton,  M.A.,  Senior  English  Master,  Kelvinside  Academy, 
Glasgow.  To  be  issued  in  Three  Courses- — Junior,  Intermediate,  and 
Senior — of  which  '  Junior  English  Grammar'  is  now  ready.     Is. 

ELEMENTARY  ENGLISH  GRAMMAR  THROUGH  COMPOSITION. 

By   John    D.    Rose,    M.A.,    Rector  of   the   Kirkcaldy   High    School. 
Crown  8vo,  Is. 


A   SECOND    YEAR'S    COURSE   IN    PRACTICAL    PHYSICS 
James  SINCLAIR,  M.A.  B.Sc.     Is.  Qd. 


A  THIRD  YEAR'S  COURSE  IN  PRACTICAL  PHYSICS. 
Sinclair,  M.A.  B.Sc.     Is.  Qd. 


By 

By  JAMSS 


THE    YORK   POETRY  BOOKS.     For  the  Use  of  Schools. 
Paper  covers,  6c/.  each  ;  or  in  cloth,  8c/.  each. 


In  3  Parts. 


BELL'S  ENGLISH  TEXTS  FOR  SECONDARY  SCHOOLS.    Chown 

to  suit  the  Four  Years'  Course  in  English  prescribed  by  the  Board  oi 
Education.     Full  Prospectus  on  application. 


London:     GEORGE    BELL    &    SONS,    York    House,    Portugal    Street,    W.C. 


62 


T  II  E     AT  II  EN  .Kl'  M 


No.  4186,  Jan.  18.  ] 


SMITH,  ELDER  &  CO.'S  LIST. 


RBADl   JANUARY  21 
Cbown    Bvo,    2s.    6d.    net. 

ENGLISH   SOCIALISM 
OF  TO-DAY: 

Its  Teaching  and  its  Aims   Examined. 
BY  THE  RIGHT  HON. 

H.  O.  AUNOLD-FORSTER,  M.P. 

READY  JANUARY  24. 
Crown    8vo,    3s.     6d.     net. 

MY     ALPINE 
JUBILEE,   1851-1907. 

By  FREDERIC  HARKISON. 


LORD  WANTAGE,  V.C.  K.C.B. 

A    Memoir.       By     HIS    WIFE. 

■With  8  Photogravure  Portraits. 
Large  Svo,  10s.  6d.  net. 

The  Spectator  says  : — "  In  this  modestly  written 
but  most  interesting  book,  Lady  Wantage  has 
raised    a    worthy    monument    to    her    husband's 

memory." 

A    HISTORY    OF 
THE     MINORIES,     LONDON. 

By  the   Rev.    E.    M.    TOMLINSON, 

Sometime  Vicar  of  Holy  Trinity,  Minories. 

With  Portraits  and  Illustrations.     18s.  net. 

The  Standard  says: — "A  valuable  contribution 
to  a  neglected  corner  of  London. " 

THE    SOCIAL    FETICH. 

By  LADY  GROVE. 

With  a  Frontispiece.     Demy  8vo,  5s.  net. 

Country  Life  says  : — "  Amusing  essays  on  social 
solecisms,  in  which  Lady  Grove  displays  a  delight- 
ful sense  of  humour." 

HUMOURS    OF    THE    FRAY. 

Rhymes  and  Renderings. 

By  CHARLES  L.  GRAVES, 

Author  of  '  The  Hawarden  Horace,'  &c. 

3s.    6d.    net. 

The  Daily  Telegraph  says : — "  All  lovers  of 
skilful  and  witty  light  verse,  should  get  Mr. 
Graves's  volume  at  once." 

NATURE'S     MOODS     AND 
TENSES. 

By  HORACE  G.  HUTCHINSON. 
With   32  Illustrations.      7s.    6d.    net. 
The  Academy  says  : — "  A  charming  fireside  com- 
panion.    Nature- lovers  will  find  every  phrase  of 
country  life  touched  upon." 

REMINISCENCES    OF 
OXFORD. 

By  the    Rev.    W.    TUCKWELL,   M.A. 
Revised  and    Cheaper    Edition,   considerably 

Enlarged.     With  16  Illustrations.     6s. 
Punch   says  :  —  "  Mr.    Tuckwell's    good    things 
illuminate  every  page,  and  are  told  with  that  brevity 
which  is  essential  to  success." 


JOHN    HARVARD    AND    HIS 
TIMES. 

By  HENRY  C.  SHELLEY. 
With  24  Full-Page  Illustrations.     7s.  6d.  net. 
The    Westminster   Gazette    says:  — "A    notable 
example    of    constructive    and    conjectural     bio- 
graphy."   

London :  SMITH,  ELDER  &  CO.  15,  Waterloo  Place. 


SIX    NEW    NOVELS. 


1. 


By  Olive 


BY     THE    AUTHOR     OF    '  THE 
SOUL    MARKET.' 

THE  SPECULATOR. 

CHRISTIAN    MALVKKY. 

Tlio  heroine  in  the  novel  eduaetes  hereelf  to  fill  the  rl  It 
of  badneu  men  In  the  city.    HeMdeH  n  itronglove  Int. 

and  the  portrayal  of  passionate  icenea,  there  are  exciting 
adventure!  In  lOCfa  pTf—  >'s  an  Opium  Den,  a  Midnight 
Club  in  London,  and  a  graphic  picture  of  a  Covent  Garden 
Hall,  and  a  supper  at  whirh  some  of  the  dancers  appear 
in  a  dramatic  scone.  A  vivid  picture  is  given  of  tome 
women's  cluhs  in  London,  and  »cencs  in  The  Upeculator'i 
office  will  show  what  the  race  for  wealth  means  to  men 
and  women.  The  6tory  is  essentially  one  of  modern  life  and 
society  of  to-day. 

2.  BY     THE     AUTHOR     OF    'THE 

KING'S    WIFE.* 

THE   QUEENS   FRIEND.      By 

HELEN  E  VACARESCO. 

A  family  in  a  Roumanian  chateau  give  their  children  an 
English  education,  the  young  girl  of  the  bouse  marries  an 
Knglish  lord.  She  mixes  in  English  Society,  where,  owing 
to  differences  of  race  and  habits,  she  is  most  unhappy,  and 
unjustly  judged.  The  hook  gives  a  most  interesting  picture 
of  Court  Life  from  the  inside. 

3.  BY     THE    AUTHOR     OF    'THE 

LAST    MIRACLE.' 

THE  WHITE  WEDDING.     By 

M.  P.  SHIEL. 

A  story  with  a  hero — a  Caesar  in  the  realm  of  morals— 
though  a  very  average  person  in  appearance  until  a  most 
strange  combination  of  events  brings  out  what  is  latent  in 
him,  such  is  Mr.  Shiel's  latest  book,  which  is  at  present 
being  prepared  for  the  stage.  The  scene  is  laid  in  the 
west  country,  of  which  the  author  shows  a  close  knowledge, 
and  as  usual  in  his  tales  the  incidents  are  new,  and  chase 
one  another,  and  the  characters  are  creations. 

4.  A    HUMOROUS     SPORTING 

NOVEL. 

SHORTY  McCABE.     By  Sewell 

FORD.       Illustrated    by    F.    V.   WILSON. 

Crown  8vo. 
This  is  a  sporting  novel  with  a  laugh  on  nearly  every 
page.  It  is  the  autobiography  of  an  ex-prizefighter  who 
starts  a  school  of  physical  culture  for  the  upper  classes. 
Shorty  is  a  new  type  in  fiction— full  of  hard  sense  as  well 
as  kindly  sympathy.  He  is  a  finely  drawn  character,  with 
a  rare  insight  into  human  nature,  and  a  flow  of  witty  slang 
that  makes  the  reader  almost  gasp  for  breath.  The  book  is 
a  sure  cure  for  the  blues. 

5.  BY     THE    AUTHOR     OF    'THE 
SALVING    OF    A    DERELICT.' 

LETHBRIDGE  OF  THE  MOOR. 

By  MAURICE   DRAKE. 

Released  from  Dartmoor  after  five  years  penal  servitude, 
George  Lethbridge  must  perforce  adjust  himself  to  the 
ways  of  the  outer  world  that  he  as  yet  knows  nothing  of. 

A  man  in  years,  but  still  a  boy  in  inexperience  of  life,  he 
is  as  severely  handicapped  by  his  ignorance  as  by  the  odium 
attaching  to  his  sentence.  Without  occupation,  without 
means,  without  relations  or  friends,  he  drifts  helplessly 
downwards;  and  when  in  despair  he  takes  the  only  hand 
that  seems  stretched  out  to  him  in  kindness,  it  offers  him 
the  choice  between  wrecking  the  life  of  the  woman  he  loves 
or  sacrificing  himself  for  the  man  he  hates.  He  elects  to 
sacrifice  himself,  and,  personating  his  enemy,  returns  to 
prison  in  his  place.  Freed  later  by  the  disclosure  of  his 
identity,  he  returns  to  claim  his  reward. 

6.  BY     THE    AUTHOR     OF    'THE 

NANCY    MANOEUVRES.' 

JULIAN  WINTERSON  (Coward 

and  Hero).     By  CHARLES  GLEIG. 

A  novel  of  character,  with  life  in  the  Royal  Navy  as  a  back- 
ground. Julian' Winterson,  sprung  from  a  long  line  of 
fighting  men,  is  clever,  lovable,  essentially  a  gentleman — 
but  he  is  cursed  from  childhood  by  the  taint  of  physical 
cowardice.  Cowardice  is  no  new  theme  in  fiction,  but  it  is 
analyzed  hero  In  a  manner  which  compels  the  reader  to 
pause  and  to  consider  whether  cowardice  merits  scorn, 
pity,  or  scientific  acceptance. 


MR.     MURRAY'S 

NEW    BOOKS. 


FIRST  EDITION  NEARLY  EXHAUSTED. 
SECOND  IMPRESSION  IN  THE  PRESS. 

IAN  MACLAREN'S  LAST  NOVEL. 
GRAHAM  OF  CLAVERHOUSE. 

By  the  Author  of 
'BESIDE  THE  BONNIE  BRIAR  BU8H/  fco.    6s. 


V   PLEASE  SEND  FOR  MR.    WERNER  LAURIE'S 
SPRING    LIST. 


WERNER  LAURIE,  Clifford's  Inn,  London. 


STUDIES    IN   THE    HISTORY 
OF    VENICE. 

By    HORATIO    P.    BROWN,   Author  of  'Life  on  the 
LogOOU,'      Deuiy  bvo,  I  voK  L8*  net. 

"  We  have  all  read  many  books  on  Venice,  not  a  few  of 
them  mere  bookmaking.  but  Mr.  Brown's  new  book  i-  ■ 
monument  of  great  learning  pleasantly  presented.  One 
rises  from  it  a  wiser  man — the  one  test  of  such  volume*  ae 
these."— Sphere. 

THE   QUARTERLY   REVIEW. 

No.  414.     JANUARY,  190s.     6«. 

1.  NINETEENTH  -CENTURY  SPAIN. 

2.  WILLIAM  BLAKE.     By  T.  BUuge  Moore. 

3.  THE  ENGLISH  BOROUGH.     By  H.  W.  C.  Davis. 

4.  JOHNSON '8  LIVES.     By  Prof.  J.  Churton  Collins. 

5.  THE  RELIGION  OF  JAPAN.     Bv  Sir  Charles  Eliot, 

K.C.M.G. 
G.  ARIOSTO.     By  R.  Warwick  Bond. 

7.  THE  EIGHT  HOURS   DAY  IN  COAL  MINE-. 

8.  THE  POETRY  OF  MR.  ALFRED  AUSTIN. 

9.  THE  RIGHT  TO  WORK. 

10.  THE  HAGUE  CONFERENCE.     By  Prof.  Westlake, 

11.  GREEK  TEMPLES  AND  EARLY  RELIGION.     By 

Prof.  R.  Carr  Bosanquet. 

12.  THE  JUBILEE   OF  THE    ALPINE  CLUB.      By  sir 

Martin  Conway. 

13.  MR.  BIRRELL'S  RECORD  IN  IRELAND. 


JOHN  MURRAY,  Albemarle  Street,  W. 
26,  RUE  DE  CONDE,  PARIS. 

MERCURE  DE  FRANCE. 

— • — 
LA  DEPENDANCE  DE  LA  MORALE 
ET  L'INDEPEND ANCE  DES  MCEURS 

Par  JULES  DE  GAULTIER.  Vol.  in-S,  3.50. 
Dans  ce  nouvel  ouvrage  l'auteur  connu  du 
Bovarysme  s'est  propose  de  demontrer  que  I'exist- 
ence  implique  en  son  developpement  un  principe 
incalculable  qui  la  fait  echapper  a  toute  possibility 
de  determination  scientific] ue. 

LE  TSAR  ET  LA  REVOLUTION. 

Par  D.  MEREJKOWSKY,  Z.  HITTIUS.  et  DM. 
PHILOSOPHOFF.  Vol.  in-lS,  .150. 
Traite  du  conflit  du  peuple  russe  avec  son 
gouvernement,  du  choc  inevitable  entre  eux  et  de 
sa  repercussion  sur  toute  1' Europe.  Les  auteurs, 
eerivains  russes  tres  renseignes,  d<  montrent  que 
le  sens  intime  de  cette  Revolution  n'est  pas  com- 
prehensible sans  une  analyse  religieuse. 

L'ART   CHEZ  LES  F0US. 

Par  MARCEL  RE.TA.     Vol.  in-lS,  3.50. 
Le  Dessin,  la   Prose  et  la  Poeeie  chez  les  fous 
sont  passes  'it  revue  dans  ce  livre,  dont  -<5  illustra- 
tions augmentent  l'attrait,  et  on  l'auteur,  medeein 
alienist©,  a  mis  toute  son  experience  professionnelle. 

TH.  D0ST0IEVSKI. 

C0RRESP0NDANCE  ET  VOYAGE 
A  L'ETRANGER. 

Trad,     par     J.      W.     BIENSTOCK 
Avec  un  Portrait.      Vol.  in-S,  7.50. 
Precieux   commentaire  a  l'ceuvre  do  l'ecrivain, 
dont   elle   reticle   fidelemcnt    fame,    ainsi   que  les 
<ii Constances  de  sa   vie  litteraire    et    privee,    de 
1837  a  1880. 

Envoi  franco,  sur  demande,  du  Catalogue  complet 
des  Editions  du  MERCURE  DE  FRANCE. 


No.  4186,  Jan.  18,  1908 


THE     ATHENiEUM 


63 


FROM 


BLACKWOODS'  EDUCATIONAL   LIST 

CATALOGUES    FORWARDED    POST    FREE    ON    APPLICATION. 

THE  BEST   DICTIONARY. 

STORMONTH'S   ENGLISH  DICTIONARY. 


I.  SCHOOL  AND  COLLEGE  EDITION".    Crown  8vo,  1,100  pp.,  5s.  net. 


II.  HANDY  SCHOOL  EDITION.    16mo,  Is. 


Educational  News. — "  Possesses,  in  copious  selection  of  words,  and  keenness  as  well  as  clearness  of  definition,  high  worth — as  a  concise,  accurate,  and  full  treasury  of  the  most 
useful  vocables  in  the  English  language." 


<< 


THE    STORY  OF   THE  WORLD. 


j  j 


PRIZE  EDITION,  complete  in  two  volumes,  3s.  6d  net  each. 


Adopted  by  the  London  County  Council  Education  Committee. 


THE  STORY  OF  THE  "WORLD.  In  Five  Books.  By  M.  B.  Synge,  Author  of  'Stories  from  European  History,'  &c.  Coloured  Frontispiece,  numerous  Illustrations  and  Maps. 
Book  I.— On  the  Shores  of  the  Great  Sea,  Is.  id.  Book  II.— The  Discovery  of  New  Worlds,  Is.  6d.  Book  III.— The  Awakening  of  Europe,  Is.  6d.  Book  IV.— The  Struggle  for 
Sea  Power,  Is.  6d.    Book  V.— Growth  of  the  British  Empire,  2s. 

Uniform  with  the  above. 

THE  "WORLD'S  CHILDHOOD.    Suitable  for  Standards  I.  and  II.    In  Two  Books.    Fully  illustrated,  lOd.  each. 


BLACKWOODS    LITERATURE   READERS. 

Adopted  by  the  London  County  Council  Education  Committee. 
Edited  by  JOHN  ADAMS,  M.A.  B.Sc.  F.C.P.,  Professor  of  Education  in  the  University  of  London. 


Book  I. 
Book  II. 


For  Standard  IV. 
For  Standard  V. 


Pp.  228 Price  Is. 

Pp.275 Price  Is.  id. 


Book  III.     For  Standard  VI.     Pp.  303 
Book  IV.      For  Standard  VII.    Pp.  381 


Price  Is.  6<f. 
Price  Is.  dd. 


Athenceum. — "The  volumes,  which  are  capitally  printed,  consist  of  selected  readings  of  increasing  difficulty,  to  which  notes  and  exercises  are  added  at  the  end.    The  selected 
pieces  are  admirably  chosen,  especially  in  the  later  books,  which  will  form  a  beginning  for  a  really  sound  and  wide  appreciation  of  the  stores  of  good  English  verse  and  prose." 


FROM 

BLACKWOODS'  ILLUSTRATED  CLASSICAL  TEXTS. 

C^ISAR— GALLIC  "WAR.    VI.,  VII.    By  C.  A.  mi  Pontet,  M.A.,  Harrow.    Is.  6d. 
VIRGIL.— GEOHGICS.    IV.    By  J.  Sargeaunt,  M.A.    Is.  6<i 
VIRGIL.—  .2ENEID.    V.,  VI.    By  St.  J.  B.  Wynne-Willson,  M.A.    Is.  6d. 
HORACE.— ODES.    III.,  IV.     By  J.  Sargeaunt,  M.A.     Is.  6<f. 
OVID.-METAMORPHOSES    (Selections).     By  J.  H.    Vince,  M.A.,  Bradfield. 

Is.  6d. 
HOMER.— ODYSSEY.    VI.    By  E.  E.  Sikes,  M.A.,  St.  John's  College,  Cambridge. 

Is.  6d. 
SALLTJST.— JUGURTHA.    By  J.  F.  Smedley,  M.A.,  Westminster.    Is.  6cJ. 

Full  List  on  application. 


BLACKWOODS'    ENGLISH    CLASSICS. 

MACAULAY.— LIFE  OP  JOHNSON.    By  D.  Nichol  Smith,  M.A.    Is.  6d. 
GOLDSMITH— TRAVELLER,    DESERTED    VILLAGE,    AND   OTHER 

POEMS.     By  J.  H.  Lobban,  M.A.     Is.  6d. 
SCOTT.-LADY  OP  THE  LAKE.    By  W.  E.  W.  Collins,  M.A.    Is.  6d. 
SCOTT.— MARMION.    By  Alexander  Maciue,  M.A.    Is.  6d. 
MILTON.— PARADISE  LOST.    BOOKS  I.-IV.     By  J.  Logie  Robertson,  M.A. 

2«.  6d. 
BYRON.— SELECTIONS.    By  J.  W.  Duff,  M.A.    3s.  6d. 

Full  List  on  application. 


Adopted  by  the  London  School  Board. 

BLACKWOODS'  SIMPLEX  CIVIL  SERVICE  COPY  BOOKS.     By  John 

T.  Pearce,  B.  A,  Leith  Academy.     In  8  Books.     Id.  each. 

THE  UNIVERSAL  "WRITING  BOOKS.    No.  1,  No.  2.    Id.  each. 


BLACKWOODS'    SCHOOL    SHAKESPEARE. 

Edited  by  R.  Brimley  Johnson. 

Each  Play  complete,  with  Introduction,  Notes,  and  Glossary.    In  crown  8vo  volumes, 

stiff  paper  covers,  Is.  ;  cloth,  Is.  6d. 


THE  MERCHANT  OP  VENICE 
RICHARD  II. 
JULIUS  CAESAR. 
MACBETH. 


THE  TEMPEST. 
AS  YOU  LIKE  IT. 
HENRY  V. 
TWELFTH  NIGHT. 
***  Others  in  preparation. 


ENGLISH. 

?^^S1L0£J?N0LI8H  LITERATURE.    By  J.  L.  Robertson,  M.A.    3s. 

OUTLINES   OF   ENGLISH    LITERATURE.     By  the  Same.     Is.  6,1. 

THE    GEORGE   ELIOT   READER.      By  Elizabeth    Lee.      With  Introduction 

and  Portrait.     2s. 
ELEMENTARY  GRAMMAR  AND  COMPOSITION      Is. 
3!Sl,N„C^S^TEV'ERY   DAY-     A  Popular  Science  Reader.'    Illustrated.     2s. 
THE  SCHOOL  ANTHOLOGY  OP  ENGLISH  VERSE.     From  Chaucer  to  the 

Present  Day,  by  J.  II.  LOBBAH,  M.A.     In  Two  Parts,  2s.  each.     In  1  vol.  4s.     Prize 

Edition,  5x. 
ENGLISH   WORDS  AND  SENTENCES.     Book  I.,  for  the  Junior  Division,  Crf. 

Book  II.,  for  the  Intermediate  Division,  8rf 
PARAPHRASING.  ANALYSIS,  AND  CORRECTION  OP  SENTENCES. 

By   D.   M.   J.   JAMBS,   M.A.,  Gordon  School*,    Huntley.     Is.      Also  in  Two  Parts- 

PAS8AGES     FOB     PARAPHRASING.      8A      EXERCISES     IN     ANALYSIS 

PARSING,  AND  COBREOnON  OP  SENTENCES:    6A  M*h,WB| 


LATIN    AND    GREEK. 

HIGHER  LATIN  UNSEENS.    By  H.  W.  Auden,  M.A.    2s.  6<f. 
HIGHER  LATIN  PROSE.    By  H.  W.  Auden,  M.A.    2s.  6d.    V  Key,  5s.  net. 
LOWER  LATIN  PROSE.    By  K.  P.  Wilson,  M.A.    2s.  6rf.    V  Key,  5s.  net 
LOWER  LATIN  UNSEENS.    By  W.  Lobban,  M.A.    2s. 
FIRST  LATIN  READER.    By  K.  P.  Wilson,  M.A.    Is.  6d. 
TALES  OF  ANCIENT  THESSALY.    By  J.  W.  E.  Pearce,  M.A.    Is. 
HIGHER  GREEK  UNSEENS.    By  H.  W.  Auden,  M.A.    2s.  M. 
HIGHER  GREEK  PROSE.    By  H.  W.  Auden,  M.A.    2s.  6d.    V  Key,  5s.  net. 
GREEK  PROSE  PHRASE  BOOK.    By  H.  W.  Auden,  M.A.    Interleaved.    3s.  M. 
GREEK  TEST  PAPERS.    By  James  Moir,  Litt.D.,  LL.D.    2s.  6d.    «.*  Key,  5s.  net. 
LOWER  GREEK  PROSE.    By  K.  P.  Wilson,  M.A.    2s.  6d.    %*  Key,  5s.  net. 
GREEK  ACCIDENCE.    By  T.  C.  Weatherhead,  M.A.    Is.  6d. 
THE  MESSENIAN  WARS.    An  Elementary  Greek  Reader.    With  Exercises  and 
Vocabulary.    By  H.  W.  Auden,  M.A.    Is.  6d. 


MATHEMATICS. 

ARITHMETIC.     With  numerous  Examples,  Revision  Tests,  and  Examination  Papers. 

By  A.  Veitcii  Lothian,  M.A.  B.Sc.  F.R.S.E.,  Mathematical  and  Science  Lecturer, 

E.C.  Training  College,  Glasgow.     With  Answers.    3s.  6d. 
PRACTICAL  ARITHMETICAL  EXERCISES.      For  Senior  Pupils  in  Schools. 

Containing  upwards    of    8,000  ;Exauiples.      Second  Edition,   Revised.      3s.      With 

Answers,  3s.  6d. 

HIGHER  ARITHMETIC.     For  Upper  Classes.     With  numerous  Examples   and 
Examination  Papers.     Paper,  6rf.  ;  cloth,  8rf.    Answers  separate,  3rf. 

MODERN   GEOMETRY    OF   THE   POINT,    STRAIGHT    LINE,    AND 
CIRCLE.    An  Elementary  Treatise.    By  J.  A.  Third,  D.Sc.    3s. 


MODERN    LANGUAGES. 

HISTORICAL  READER  OP  EARLY  FRENCH.    By  Prof.  H.  A.  Strong  and 
L.  D.  Barnett,  M.A.  Litt.D.     3s. 

ALL  FRENCH  VERBS  IN  TWELVE  HOURS  (except  Defective  Verbs).    By 
A.  J.  Wyatt.    Is.  '        J 

THE    TUTORIAL    HANDBOOK    OP    FRENCH    COMPOSITION.      By 
Alfred  Mekcier,  L.-es-L.    3s.  6<f. 

THE  CHILDREN'S  GUIDE  TO  THE  FRENCH  LANGUAGE.     By  Annie 
G.  Ferrieu.     Is. 

A   FIRST   BOOK    OF   "FREE    COMPOSITION"    IN    FRENCH.     By  J. 
Edward  Mansion,  B.-es-L. 


GERMAN  GRAMMAR.     Parts  I.  2s.,  and  II.  2s.  6rf.     By  the  Same. 

LOWER  GRADE  GERMAN.    By  the  Same.    2s.  6rf. 

A  COMPENDIOUS  GERMAN  READER.    By  G.  B.  Beak,  M.A.    2s.  C«1. 

A  GERMAN  READER  FOR  TECHNICAL  SCHOOLS.   By  K.  P.  sk.cki.f.r.  it. 

A   HISTORY  OF  GERMAN    LITERATURE.      By  J.   G.   BOBBRTSOK.    Ph.D. 
10*.  M.  net. 

A  SPANISH  GRAMMAR.    With  a  Copious  General  Vocabulary  Opmlah-BmrJish) 
By  William  A.  Kessen.    8*.  <W. 


FORTY  ELEMENTARY  LESSONS  IN  CHEMISTRY.    By  W.  L.  Sarcant, 

M.A.    Illustrated.    It.  («/. 
AN  INTRODUCTORY  TEXT-BOOK  OF  LOGIC.    By  S.  H.  Mi-.it.onk,  M.A.   6*. 


WM.  BLACKWOOD   &   SONS,  45,  George  Street,  Edinburgh,  and  37,  Paternoster  Row,  London,  E.C. 


*;4 


T  II  K     A  Til  ENiEUM 


No.  U86,  Jim.  18,  l     - 


MACMILLAN  &  CO.'S  I  HURST  &  BLACKETTS 


NEW    BOOKS. 


JOHN    SMITH.      By    C. 

Translated  and  Edited  by 
In   1U   vols.   8vo.     Vol.   I. 


RAMBLING 

RECOLLECTIONS. 

BY 

BIR   11KNKY   DKUMMOND  WOLFF. 

With  Photogravure  and  other  Illustrations. 
2  vols.  8vo,  30*.  net.       [  Tucxday. 

A  CATALOGUE  RAISONNE 

OP    THE    "WORKS    OF 

THE  MOST  EMINENT  DUTCH 
PAINTERS  OF  THE  SEVEN- 
TEENTH CENTURY. 

Baaed    on    the    Work    of 

BOFSTEDB  DK  GROOT. 

EDWARD   Q.    11AWKK. 

25*.  net. 
Vol.  I.  JAN    STEEN,    GABRIEL   METSU,   GERARD 
DOU,     PIETKE    ]>E     HOOCH,     CAREL    EABRITIUS, 
JOHANNES  VERMEER. 

THE  THRESHOLD  OF  MUSIC. 

An  Inquiry  into  the  Development  of  the  Musical  Sense. 
By  WILLIAM  WALLACE.     Extra  crown  8vo,  5s.  net 

[  Tuesday. 

H.  FIELDING  HALL'S  NEW  BOOK. 

THE  INWARD  LIGHT. 

By  H.  FIELDING  HALL,  Author  of  'The  Soul  of  a 
People,"  &c.    8vo,  10».  net. 

VOL.  II.  NOW  READY. 

THE  EVERSLEY  TENNYSON. 

Annotated  by  ALFRED,  LORD  TENNYSON.  Edited 
by  IIALLAM,  LORD  TENNYSON.  Vol.11.  POEMS. 
Globe  8vo,  4k.  net. 

BY    LORD    ACTON. 
THE  HISTORY  OF  FREEDOM. 

AND  OTH  ER  ESSAYS.  Edited,  with  an  Introduction, 
by  J.  N.  FIGGIS,  M.A.,  and  R.  V.  LAURENCE,  M.A. 
8vo,  10k.  net. 

HISTORICAL  ESSAYS 
AND    STUDIES. 

Edited,  by  the  Same.     8vo,  10k.  net. 
ENGLISH  MEN  OF  LETTERS.-New  Volume. 

JAMES   THOMSON. 

By  G.  C.  MACAULAY.    Crown  8vo,  2s.  net. 
Tribune..— "  A  brilliant  elucidation  of  points  of  obscurity 
in  the  bibliography  and  biography  of  Thomson." 

THE  POCKET  KIPLING. 

Scarlet  limp  leather,  5s.  net  per  vol. 

THE  SECOND  JUNGLE  BOOK. 


NEW  EDITION,  COMPLETELY   REVISED,  OF 
VOLUME   II. 

A    TREATISE    ON    CHEMISTRY. 

By  H.  E.  ROSCOE,  F.R.S.,  and  C.  SCHORLEMMER, 

F.R.S.     Vol.   II.   THE  METALS.     New  Edition,  com- 
pletely  Revised  bv  Sir  H.    E.   ROSCOE  and  Dr.   A. 
HARDEN.     8vo,  30s.  net. 
This,  and  the   preceding  Volume  on  the  NON- 
METALLIC    J&LEMFjNTS  (21s     net),   constitute 
the   most   complete  and   up-to-date    Treatise    on 
Inorganic  Chemistry  now  available  in  the  English 
language. 

COMPARATIVE  ANATOMY 
OF    VERTEBRATES. 

Adapted  from  the  German  of  Dr.  BOBERT  WEIDERS- 
11 1.1  M  by  Prof.  W.  N.  PARKER,  Ph.D.  Third 
Edition,  founded  on  the  Sixth  German  Edition.  With 
372  Figures  and  a  Bibliography.     8vo,  16«.  net. 

LESSONS  IN  HYGIENIC 
PHYSIOLOGY 

By  WALTER  MOORE  COLEMAN,  A.B.,  Fellow  of 
toe  Physical  Society  of  London.     Crown  8vo,  3*. 

MACMILLAN'S    GUIDE    TO 
EGYPT   AND    THE    SUDAN. 

Including  a  Description  of  the  Route  throuch  Uganda 
to  Mombasa.  With  3;>  Maps  and  Plans.  Fifth  Edition. 
6*.  net. 


MACMILLAN  &  CO.,  Ltd.,  London. 


L  I  S  T. 
SIX-SHILLING    NOVELS. 

NOW    READY. 
NEW  NOVEL  BY  L.  LOCKHART  LANG, 

Author  of  '  The  Vulgar  Truth,'   'Modern 
Platonic  Dialogues,'  &c. 

THE    IMBECILES. 

NEARLY  READY. 

NEW  NOVEL  BY  R.  NEILSON  STEPHENS 
AND  G.  H.  WESTLEY. 

CLEMENTINA'S 

HIGHWAYMAN. 

Jan.  24. 

NEW  NOVEL  BY  EDWARD  H.  HURST. 

THE       MYSTERY      ISLAND. 

Jan.  31. 

NEW  POWERFUL  STORY  BY  C0ULS0N 
KERN  AH  AN. 

THE    RED    PERIL. 

Jan.  31. 

THIRD  IMPRESSION  NOW  READY. 

MRS.   B.    M.    CROKER'S    NEW    INDIAN 

NOVELS. 

THE  COMPANY'S  SERVANT. 

"  This  is  an  admirable  story  of  life  in  India  as  it 
is  lived  by  English  people  who  are  not  Civil 
Servants,  or  soldiers,  or  planters,  or  merchants,  and 
by  the  Eurasian  population  who  have  more  or  less 
to  do  with  them." — Spectator. 

SECOND  EDITION  NOW  READY. 
DOLF   WYLLARDE'S   NEW   NOVEL. 

M  A  F  0  0  T  A. 

With  8  Illustrations. 

"  Miss  Wyllarde  handles  the  setting  of  her  story 

with  admirable  breadth  and  effect she  can  be 

trusted   to   produce    her   pictures   in   vivid,   well- 
chosen  words." — Pall  Mall  Gazette. 

JUSTIN  HTJNTLY  McCARTHY-SERAPHICA. 

MISS  BRADDON.-HER  CONVICT. 

"RITA."— A  MAN  OF  NO  IMPORTANCE. 

GERTRUDE  PAGE.-LOVE  IN  THE  WILDERNESS. 

HELEN    PROTHERO    LEWIS.-THE  RUDDER 
AND  THE  ROCK. 

E.    R.    PUNSHON.-THE    MYSTERY    OF    LADY 
1SOBEL. 

IN  THE  PRESS. 

GUESSES    AT    TRUTHS. 

Ethical,  Social,  Political,  and  Literary. 

BY  DAVID  CHRISTIE  MURRAY. 

Some   "Merlin"   contributions   to   The   Referee. 

With  a  Portrait.     Crown  8vo,  6s. 

HURST    AND    BLACKETT,    Limited, 
182,  High  Holborn,  W.C. 


MESSRS.  CONSTABLE'S 

LIST. 


-♦ — 


RMA  D  Y  IM MEDIA  TEL  Y. 

THE  PROCEDURE  OF  THE  HOUSE 

(IF  COMMONS.  A  Studv  of  its  Hit-torv  and 
Present  Form.  By  JOSEF  REDLR  H. 
taUted  by  a.  B.  STEINTHAL.  With 
an  Introduction  and  Supplementary  Chapter 
bv  Sir  OOURTENAY  ELBERT,  K.C.&L, 
(  l«i  k  to  the  House  of  Commons.  Royal  hvo, 
3  vols.  31*.  (id.  net. 


NOW    READY. 
DYOTT'S    DIARY,    1781-1845.      A 

Selection  from  the  Journal  of  William  I'. 

sometime  General  in  the  British  Army,  and 

Aide-de-Camp  to  His  Majesty  King  George  III. 

Edited  by  REGINALD  W.  JEFFERY,  M.A., 

Brasenose  College.    With  Portraits.    In  2  vols. 

demy  8vo,  31*.  6tf.  net. 

"From   3'outh   to  old  age  he   jotted  down   in 

pithy,  uncompromising  terms  his  impressions  and 

verdicts  on  the   men  he  met,  and  the  movements 

he  witnessed,  in  the  course  of  a  long  and  active 

life.     This  sort  of  book — it  is  a  veritable  human 

document — throws  often  deliberately,  but  quite  as 

often  unconsciously,  vivid  little  bits  ot   colour  on 

the   page  of   history General    Dyott began 

his  distinguished  military  career  as  an  ensign  in 
the  Fourth  Regiment.  He  rose  in  due  course  to 
the  rank  of  aide-de-camp  of  George  III.,  and  when 
William  IV.  became  king  he  was  gazetted  General. 
He  saw  a  good  deal  of  active  service  first  and  last, 
but  that  was  common  in  those  days ;  what  is  un- 
common in  these  days  is  the  fact  that  he  kept  a 
diary  excellently  well,  that  it  has  now  leaped  to 
light,  and  is  full  of  good  stuff." — Standard. 

THE   ART    OF   LANDSCAPE 

GARDENING.  By  HUMPHRY  REPTON. 
Revised  and  Edited  by  JOHN  NOLEN. 
Illustrated  from  the  Original  Plates. 
12*.  6d.  net. 

VENETIAN     LIFE.      By     W.     D. 

HOWELLS.  Revised  with  an  Additional 
Chapter  and  20  Full-Page  Plates  in  Colour. 
16*.  net. 

GREECE     AND     THE     AEGEAN 

ISLANDS.  By  P.  S.  MARDEX.  With 
100  Illustrations,  12*.  6U  net. 

THE  PULSE  OF  ASIA.  By  Ellsworth 

HUNTINGTON.     Fully  illustrated,  14*.  net. 

BURIAL  CUSTOMS  OF  ANCIENT 

EGYPT.  By  JOHN  GARSTANG,  B.A. 
F.S.A.,  Author  of  'Tombs  of  the  Third 
Egyptian  Dynasty.'     Crown  4to,  31*.  Gd.  net. 

INDEX      OF     ARCHAEOLOGICAL 

PAPERS,  1665-1890.  Compiled  bv  G. 
LAURENCE  GOMME,  F.S.A.  Royal  8vo, 
25a.  net. 

N.B. — The  Indexes  since  1891  hare  been  issued 
in  Annual  Parts,  price  1*.  each.  That  for  1906  is 
just  ready. 

TYPES  OF  ENGLISH  LITERATURE  SERIES. 

1.  THE    POPULAR  BALLAD.     By 

FRANCIS  B.  GUMMERE,  Professor  of 
English  in  Haverford  College.  Crown  S\.>. 
6«.  net. 

2.  THE      LITERATURE      OF 

ROGUERY.  Bv  FRANK  WADWEKMl 
CHANDLER,  Professor  of  English  and 
History,  Brooklyn  Polytechnic.  2  vols. 
Crown  8vo,  12*.  net. 


London :  A.  CONSTABLE  &  CO.  Ltd. 


No.  4186,  Jan.  18,  1908 


THE     ATHEN^UM 


65 


SATURDAY,  JANUARY  18,  190S. 


CONTENTS. 

PAGE 

Two  Books  on  the  Old  Chevalier 65 

Virgil's  Messianic  Eclogue        66 

The  Writing  ok  English 67 

Lord  Acton  on  Freedom ^ 

Continuation  Schools         69 

Educational  Books 70 

For  Schools  and  students         71 

Our  Library  Table  (The  Social  Fetich;  The  Seven 
Ages  of  Washington  ;  Studies  in  Primitive  Greek 
Religion  ;  Russian  and  Bulgarian  Folk-lore  Stories  ; 
How  to  Collect  Postage  Stamps  ;  Hustled  History ; 
Whitaker's    Almanack    and   Peerage;     Erasmus 

against  War) 72    73 

Robert  Atkinson  ;  Notes  from  Paris  ;  The  In- 
corporated Association  of  Head  Masters; 
Assistant  Masters  in  Secondary  Schools ; 
The  Modern  Language  Association  ;  The 
L.C.C.  Conference  of  Teachers;  'Shake- 
speare's Warwickshire  Contemporaries'; 
The  Aim  in  Classical  Teaching     ..        ..       74—78 

List  of  New  Books 79 

Literary  Gossip         79 

Science— Health  in  the  School  ;  Lessons  in 
Practical    Hygiene  ;    Societies  ;    Meetings  ; 

Gossip 81—82 

Fine  Arts— The  Inteknational  Society  ;  Gossip  ; 

Exhibitions 82—83 

Music— Gossip;  Performances  Next  Week..        ..    83 
Drama— A  White  Man  ;  The  Plays  of  Moliere  ; 

Holger  Drachmann       83—84 

Index  to  Advertisers        84 


LITERATURE 


The  King  over  the  Water.  By  Alice  Shield 
and  Andrew  Lang.     (Longmans  &  Co.) 

James  Francis  Edward,  the  Old  Chevalier. 
By  Martin  Haile.     (Dent  &  Co.) 

That  "  the  Old  Chevalier  "  should  have 
had  to  wait  a  hundred  and  forty  years 
for  his  biography  is,  we  think,  less  sur- 
prising than  that  the  task,  so  long  unat- 
tempted,  should  have  obtained  a  double 
fulfilment    in    the    publication    within    a 
month  of  two  independent  works.     The 
unhappy   prince,    who   has   engrossed   so 
little    of  the  passionate   interest  excited 
by   his   house,    had   certainly   a   history, 
but  can  hardly  be  said  to  have  had  a 
career.     His  father  had  reigned  at  White- 
hall, and  his  son  for  a  brief  season  was  to 
keep   court   in   his   name    at    Holyrood ; 
but  James  Francis  Edward,  never  grasping 
for  a  moment  the  reality  of  power,  was 
driven  hither  and  thither  over  the  restless 
sea  of  politics,  a  strenuous  but  ineffective 
navigator,  the  sport  of  winds  and  currents 
which    greater    ability    than    his    might 
have  failed  to   utilize.     As  the  attitude 
of  European  sovereigns  towards  him  and 
towards  each  other  was  usually  of  more 
consequence  to  James  than  anything  he 
could  himself  devise  or  execute,  no  account 
of  his  life  can  be  accepted  as  adequate 
which   does  not  enter  with  considerable 
fullness    into   the   history   of   his   times  ; 
but  "  Measures,  not  men,"  has  never  been 
the   motto   of   Jacobitism,    and   the   im- 
portance of  general  movements,  assumed 
to  be  familiar,   is  apt  to  be  overlooked 
by  a  writer  who  can  claim,  as  in  this  case, 
to    be   a   pioneer    of    research.     We    are, 
therefore,    not   unprepared    to    find    that 
one  of  the  Chevalier's  present  biographers 
has  confined  herself  mainly  to  the  personal 
aspects  of  her  theme. 


In  Mr.  Lang's  Preface  to  the  work 
which  has  been  written  under  his  super- 
vision by  Miss  Alice  Shield  we  are  told 
that  "the  purpose  has  been.... as  far 
as  may  be,  to  avoid  incursions  into  general 
history,  confining  the  work  to  biography." 
This  limitation  seems  to  us  to  detract 
from  the  value  of  the  book  without  adding 
anything  to  its  interest.  Indeed,  a  narra- 
tive so  minute  and  exhaustive  of  the 
titular  king's  daily  life — his  plots,  his 
peregrinations,  his  domestic  troubles,  his 
"  eternal  correspondence  " — would  have 
been  less  fatiguing  and  less  difficult  to 
follow  if  the  reader's  attention  had  occa- 
sionally been  diverted  to  a  survey  of 
political  conditions  outside  the  exiled 
Court.  Biography,  for  example,  might 
well  have  expanded  into  history  at  the 
point  where  James  loses  his  best  friend 
in  Louis  XIV.,  and  France,  under  the 
Orleans  regency,  advances  towards  that 
alliance  with  Great  Britain  which  forms 
so  remarkable  an  interlude  in  what  has 
been  called  "  a  second  Hundred  Years' 
War."  The  author  holds  that  the  death 
of  Louis  XIV.  was  no  great  misfortune 
to  the  Jacobites,  since  "  he  was  as  much 
bound  by  the  Treaty  of  Utrecht  as  the 
Regent  could  be "  ;  but  whilst  Louis 
had  no  motive  except  prudence  for  not 
violating  the  treaty,  the  Duke  of  Orleans 
and  George  I.  had  a  common  interest  in 
upholding  it — the  one  because  it  excluded 
the  Spanish  Bourbons  from  France,  and 
thus  placed  him  next  in  succession  to 
the  sickly  child  Louis  XV.  ;  the  other 
because  it  excluded  the  Stewarts  from 
England.  It  was  the  belief  of  Boling- 
broke  that,  if  Louis  had  lived  six  months 
longer,  the  preparations  he  was  secretly 
making  to  assist  the  Chevalier  would 
have  led  to  a  renewal  of  the  war.  The 
Regent,  unwilling  to  desert  James  before 
he  had  made  sure  of  King  George,  did 
not  wholly  stop  these  preparations  ;  but 
he  had  been  in  communication  with  the 
British  Ministry  even  before  the  King's 
death,  and,  within  a  month  after,  he  was 
discussing  proposals  for  a  mutual  guaran- 
tee of  succession  as  the  basis  of  an  alliance. 
Making  use  of  the  facts  furnished  by  Mr. 
Lang  in  his  '  History  of  Scotland,'  Miss 
Shield  puts  it  beyond  doubt  that  James 
had  no  thought  of  deceiving  either  Boling- 
broke  or  Berwick  in  the  instructions 
which  he  sent  to  Mar,  without  their  know- 
ledge, to  begin  the  rising  in  Scotland  ; 
but  his  action  is  admitted  to  have  been 
"  rash." 

The  crisis  of  1715  is  not  the  only  one 
in  which  the  dependence  of  Jacobitism 
on  international  relations  is  inadequately 
explained  ;  but  those  who  are  interested 
in  "  James  III.,"  not  as  a  mere  pawn  on 
the  European  chessboard,  but  as  a  crown- 
less  sovereign,  the  centre  of  a  shadowy 
Court,  need  ask  for  nothing  better  than 
this  book.  It  is  manifestly  the  fruit 
of  judicious  and  exhaustive  research ; 
it  has  the  flavour  of  literature,  shows 
insight,  and  is  remarkably  free  from  bias. 
Not  the  least  interesting  of  the  chapters 
are  the  three  which  describe  the  part 
played  by  James  in  the  War  of  the 
Spanish  Succession,  including  his  gallantry 


amidst  the  awful  carnage  of  Malplaquet, 
where  he  headed  the  French  assault 
in  no  fewer  than  a  dozen  charges.  Boling- 
broke  receives  less  than  justice  ;  but  the 
author  has  no  romantic  illusions,  and 
appraises  Jacobitism — at  all  events,  offi- 
cial Jacobitism — at  much  less  than 
its  popular  value.  We  have  noticed 
very  few  blunders.  The  historian  of 
George  II.  (p.  452)  was  of  course  Horace, 
not  Edward,  Walpole ;  the  Jacobites 
and  their  Spanish  allies  in  1719  were  far 
from  being  "annihilated"  (p.  320)  at 
Glenshiel ;  and  when  one  recalls  the  out- 
burst of  popular  indignation  to  which 
Admiral  Byng  was  sacrificed,  it  is  dis- 
concerting to  read  (p.  460)  with  regard 
to  the  loss  of  Minorca  that  "  the  English 
cared  no  more  than  if  George  II.  had 
lost  his  pocket-handkerchief."  Lord  Tulli- 
bardine  at  Malplaquet  can  hardly  be 
said  to  have  fallen  "  at  the  head  of  the 
Atholl  Highlanders."  Not  a  few  of  these 
had  no  doubt  enlisted  under  the  son  of 
their  chief  ;  but  the  corps  he  commanded 
was  the  Scots  Brigade  in  the  Dutch 
service,  which  was  recruited  mainly  from 
the  Lowlands.  The  Preface  informs  us 
that  "  most  of  the  research  and  almost 
all  the  writing  are  Miss  Shield's  "  ;  but 
the  reader  who  takes  pleasure  in  Mr. 
Lang's  sprightly  style  will  find  something 
not  unlike  it  in  these  pages.  The  youthful 
Chevalier  may  possibly  have  been  guilty, 
like  Sam  We'ller,  of  "  one  amiable  indis- 
cretion "  ;  and  on  this  we  have  the  com- 
ment : — 

"  James  was  but  a  man  and  a  prince,  and 
the  ways  of  princes  in  those  days — though 
no  doubt  we  have  changed  all  that— were 
often  strait  and  secret,  yet  leading  to 
destruction." 

In  point  of  industry  and  research  there 
is  little  scope  for  choice  between  Martin 
Haile's  monograph  and  that  of  Miss 
Shield,  and,  happily  for  the  total  con- 
tribution to  our  knowledge  made  by  the 
two  books,  the  subject  is  viewed  rather 
from  the  political  than  from  the  personal 
standpoint.  Martin  Haile  is  laudably 
indifferent  to  the  advantages  offered  by  a 
popular  theme  ;  but  the  work,  though  it 
quotes  largely  from  documents,  cites  theni 
in  the  margin,  and  discusses  them  in 
foot-notes,  is  by  no  means  a  mere 
compilation,  and  ought  to  appeal  to  a 
wider  public  than  that  of  professed 
students.  It  is  a  painstaking  study  of 
Jacobitism  in  relation  to  wider  issues. 
The  author  is  thoroughly  alive  to  the 
significance  of  the  Orleans-Hanover  com- 
pact ;  does  justice  to  the  Quadruple 
Alliance  in  its  bearing  on  the  Jacobite 
expedition  of  1719 ;  explains  the  attempt 
of  James  to  mediate  between  France 
and  Austria  in  1735,  and  shows  how 
serious  a  blow  to  his  hopes  was  the 
renewal  of  hostilities  between  thoso 
Powers  in  1740.  Martin  Haile  has  bor- 
rowed two  facts,  new  to  English  history, 
from  the  researches  of  a  French  scholar, 
M.  Weisener.  It  is  shown  that  it  was 
George  I.,  and  not  the  Duke  of  Orleans, 
who  took  the  initiative  in  proposing 
an  alliance  ;  and  the  arrest  at  Innsbruck 
of    James's    intended   bride,   Clementina 


<;<; 


TH  E     A  T  II  E  N  -K  I'  M 


Nm.   Hm;.  Jan.  \*%  [QQ% 


Sobietki,  is  accounted  fox  by  showing 
tliat  the  Emperor,  in  the  trordi  of  his 
ambassador  at  Rome,  "  m  not  in  a 
position  to  refuse  anything  to  the  Elector 
of  Hanover,"  from  whom  be  had  received 
a  considerable   subsidy    in   return   for  a 

promise    to    close     his    dominions    to    the 

Pretender  and  bis  adherents.  Martin 
Haile  is  not  beyond  reproach  in  style, 
and,  though  incapable  oi  suppressing  or 

distorting  tacts,  sometimes  sees  them 
with  a  jaundiced  eye.  We  find  nothing 
but  evil  concerning  George  I.  ;  and  it  is 
surely  a  vapid  remark  to  say  concerning 
James  II.  that  his  "  most  unconstitutional 
acts  pale  beside  the  proceedings  of  "  the 
Convention  Parliament.  Without  a  viola- 
tion of  the  Constitution  kings  may  reign, 
but  can  hardly  be  deposed.  The  author 
imagines  that  England  and  France  were 
involved  in  successive  wars  through  the 
deposition  of  James  II.,  and  would  have 
become  allies  if  France  in  1740  had  com- 
bined with  Spain  and  succeeded  in  restor- 
ing his  son.  The  war  which  terminated 
at  Ryswick  in  1697  was  no  doubt  due 
to  the  Revolution  ;  but  the  Anglo-French 
quarrel  throughout  the  eighteenth  century 
had  its  roots  in  maritime  and  imperial 
antagonism,  and  we  may  be  sure  that  a 
Dupleix  in  India  and  a  Duquesne  in 
America  would  have  arisen  to  vex  the 
subjects  even  of  a  Stewart  king.  The 
statement  on  p.  63  that  the  Scottish 
Act  of  Security  was  "  for  the  succession 
of  Hanover  "  is  rectified  on  p.  69,  where 
we  are  told  that  the  Act  provisionally 
excluded  that  succession ;  but  so  well- 
informed  a  writer  might  have  been  ex- 
pected to  express  things  with  more 
accuracy  than  this  : — 

"  The  young  Archduchess  Maria  Theresa's 
title  as  Queen  of  Hungary  was  uncontested  ; 
but  her  assumption  of  that  of  Empress  of 
Austria  was  at  once  opposed  by  the  Elector 
of  Bavaria,  who  claimed  the  empire  for  him- 
self." 

In  those  days  there  was,  of  course,  no 
"  Empress  of  Austria."  Maria  Theresa's 
claim  to  succeed  her  father  in  the  duchy 
of  Austria  was  indeed  contested  by  the 
Elector  of  Bavaria  ;  but  her  sex  disquali- 
fied her  for  the  dignity  of  Holy  Roman 
Emperor,  and  it  was  her  husband,  Francis 
of  Lorraine,  whom  the  Elector  defeated 
as  candidate  for  that  office.  Both  works, 
it  should  be  mentioned,  are  illustrated 
and  indexed  ;  but  the  entry  "  James  III.," 
which  engrosses  1\  columns  of  Miss 
Shield's  index,  is  omitted  in  the  other 
volume. 

We  shall  now,  it  is"  to  be  hoped,  see  no 
more  in  history  of  the  tipsy,  amorous 
Chevalier  whom  Thackeray,  despite  his 
researches  at  the  British  Museum,  depicted 
in  '  Esmond.'  James  was,  indeed,  a 
sober,  upright,  and  chivalrous  prince, 
conscientious  in  the  use  of  his  very 
ordinary  gifts ;  and  pathetic  are  the 
glimpses  we  get  of  him  in  Miss  Shield's 
book,  plying  the  shuttle  of  an  ever-baffled 
diplomacy,  writing  and  dictating  in- 
numerable letters,  "  a  man,"  as  Mr.  Lang 
has  elsewhere  said,  "  eternally  absorbed 
in  his  sad  futile  business."  We  are  told 
that    he    was    "  a    Quietest    or   Christian 


Stoio  "  ;  but  his  profession  "f  tolerance, 
inevitable   in   one   in     in-     position,   did 

not,  we  think,  dl  STVe  SO  mm  h  empha- 
sis.      The  son   of    a   king   who    had     been 

deposed  for  attempting  to  dispense  with 

the  penal  laws  against  Catholics  uould 
have  been  in  a  hopeless  predicament  if  he- 
had  refused  to  tolerate  Protestants. 


Virgil's  Messianic  Eclogue.  By  J.  B. 
Mayor,  W.  Warde  Fowler,  and  R.  S. 
Conway.     (John  Murray.) 

It  is  matter  of  common  knowledge  that 
in  Germany  the  poems  of  Virgil  are  not  a 
popular  instrument  of  education,  and  that, 
as  only  the  equivalent  of  an  English  school 
term  is  devoted  to  the  '  /Eneid  '  and  a 
"  Durchblick  durch  das  ganze  Werk,"  and 
as  the  '  Georgics  '  and  '  Eclogues  '  are  vir- 
tually unknown  to  the  schools,  the  real 
gospel  of  Virgil  does  not  reach  young 
Germany.  Recent  work, such  asMr.  Glover's 
studies,  Mr.  Warren's  '  Death  of  Virgil,' 
and  the  three  essays  contained  in  this 
volume,  proves  conclusively  that  the 
humane  teaching  of  the  Mantuan  still  has 
a  strong  hold  over  thinking  men  in  this 
country.  Undoubtedly  there  are  in  Ger- 
many keen  students  of  Virgil's  works,  but 
it  is  obvious  that  his  influence  cannot  be 
so  pervasive  as  it  would  be  if  a  large 
proportion  of  the  young  thought  of  the 
nation,  as  in  England,  were  steeped 
in  the  lofty  sentiments  and  haunting 
rhythms  of  the  poet.  With  both  of  these 
merits  the  fourth  Eclogue  is  specially 
endowed,  and,  even  without  a  clear  under- 
standing of  its  difficulties,  many  a  young 
student  may  have  carried  away  from  a 
reading  of  the  "  Sicelides  Musae "  the 
edifying  thought  of  the  infinite  possibilities 
of  human  amelioration  which  spring  from 
its  teaching  of  lovingkindness  and  mercy. 
Still,  it  is  a  gain  if  these  difficulties  can 
be  swept  away,  and  a  definite  meaning 
attached  to  lines  which  have  hitherto  been 
regarded  as  cruces  in  the  poem.  We  of 
the  present  generation  have  mostly  taken 
our  guidance  from  Conington  or  Mr.  Arthur 
Sidgwick.  The  former  was  content  not  to 
press  the  doubtful  passages,  but  to  allow 
particular  problems  to  remain  un- 
solved while  he  expounded  the  general 
drift  of  the  Eclogue.  Mr.  Sidgwick,  with 
his  commendable  desire  to  make  things 
clear  to  young  minds,  in  discussing  the 
difficulty,  Who  was  the  child  ?  was  led  to 
decide  for  the  progeny  of  Pollio.  This 
decision,  we  take  it,  is  overthrown,  as  far 
as  is  possible  in  a  case  where  final  certainty 
cannot  be  reached,  by  the  consensus  of  the 
three  essayists  who  contribute  to  this 
volume.  We  think  that  what  on  this 
matter  is  common  ground  to  Mr.  Conway, 
Mr.  Warde  Fowler,  Mr.  Joseph  Mayor,  and 
many  another  scholar  might  well  be 
definitely  taught  in  schools,  and  that  Mr. 
Sidgwick's  conjecture  should  now  be  set 
aside. 

Even  at  the  risk  of  taking  up  some 
space,  it  is  worth  while  to  state  what 
seems  to-day  the  best  view  of  this  much- 
debated  Eclogue.  If  more  truth  has  been 
attained,  it  is  by  use  of  the  only  reason- 


able  method  of  approaching  such  nnfwtfom. 

that   is,  by  a  close  study  of  Virgil's  works 
.x   whole,   of    his    life   and    the   circum- 

stances  of  bis  times.    .Mi.  Warde  Fowiec 

expresses  the    general    position   in  a   few 

words  when  he  writes  :  — 

"  I  look  on  it  as  the  celcl, ration,  in  mys- 
tical, and  as  the  writers  of  tl  •  I .  -ays 
believe,  Messianic  language,  of  the  actual 
birth  of  a  real  child,  who  is  destined  to 
initiate  a  new  era  of  happincsi  for  Italy  and 
the  world." 

.Mr.  (Jon way  in  his  essay  make,  good 
his  point  that  in  the  whole  work  of  Virgil 
there  is  often  found  a  conception  which 
in  many  ways  is  parallel  to  the  Jewish 
expectation  of  a  Messiah, 

"the  conception  of  a  national  hero  and 
ruler,  divinely  inspired,  and  sent  to  delivr 
not  his  own  nation  only,  but  mankind,  rais- 
ing them  to  a  new  and  ethically  higher 
existence." 

Working  this  out  more  in  detail,  he 
proceeds  to  prove  satisfactorily  that 
Virgil  consciously  entertained  the  ideas 
that  the  world  was  in  need  of  regenera- 
tion ;  that  the  establishment  of  the 
Empire  was  favourable  to  such  an  ethical 
movement ;  that  Rome's  duty  was  to 
attempt  the  task  ;  and  that  one  special 
deliverer  must  begin  the  work — a  work 
which  would  involve  disappointment,  and 
the  essence  of  which  lay  in  a  more 
humane  ideal,  an  ideal  of  mercy.  "  Italy 
regenerate,"  says  Mr.  Warde  Fowler, 
"  after  a  period  of  darkness  and  wicked- 
ness— this  is  the  one  great  idea  that 
animates  the  poet's  mind  throughout." 
He  also  sees  that  the  question  who  the 
child  was  is  not  a  vital  matter,  so  far  as 
the  poem  itself  is  concerned.  Still,  there 
seems  to  have  grown  up  a  remarkable 
agreement  among  eminent  scholars  as  to 
the  child.  Except  in  so  far  as  Prof. 
Skutsch  gives  forcible  expression  to  this 
view,  much  need  not  be  made  of  his 
having  reached  it  himself.  WTe  believe  we 
are  right  in  saying  that  many  English 
scholars  previously  thought  the  same  as 
the  Breslau  professor.  The  "  father " 
who  has  given  the  world  peace  is 
Octavian  ;  the  child  is  the  heir  to  the 
Empire  whose  birth  was  expected  in 
40  B.C.,  but  who  in  fact  was  never  born. 
The  child  Scribonia  bore  early  in  39  was 
a  girl,  the  unhappy  Julia.  Scribonia  was 
divorced  on  the  same  day.  Virgil's 
Eclogue,  already  published,  was  "allowed 
to  stand,  enigma  though  it  had  become," 
because  "  its  real  object  was  to  hail  the 
coming  Better  Age  rather  than  to  salute 
the  expected  infant." 

In  considering  the  sources  of  the  fourth 
Eclogue  Mr.  Mayor  sets  himself  to  answer 
a  question  asked  by  Conington  :  Are  not 
the  images  used  by  Virgil  sufficiently 
paralleled  in  pagan  literature  ?  His 
answer  is  that  such  parallels  are  not  to 
be  found,  except  in  the  Jewish  Scriptures, 
to  which  he  traces  them  back.  The 
"  Cumaeum  carmen "  he  traces  to  the 
Sibylline  books  doctored  by  Jews  for 
Jewish  purposes.  A  consideration  of  the 
fact  that  the  Jewish  Scriptures  lend 
themselves  with  extraordinary  readiness 
to  parallel  quotation   in   many  branches 


No.  4186,  Jan.  18,  1908 


THE    ATHENiEUM 


67 


of  poetry,  history,  and  philosophy  puts 
us  on  our  guard  against  a  too  easy 
acceptance  of  such  parallels  as  those 
made  out  between  this  Eclogue  and 
passages  of  Isaiah  ;  yet  in  spite  of  this 
we  think  Mr.  Mayor's  conclusions  are  too 
strong  to  resist.  The  "  Cumaeum  carmen  " 
"  was  either  one  of  the  many  oracles 
which were  apparently  still  in  circula- 
tion in  Rome "  ;  or  it  may  have  been 
imported  to  Rome  between  76  and  40  B.C. 
"  In  either  case  it  is  probable  that  this 
carmen  was  of  Jewish  origin."  There  are 
two  features  of  Virgil's  vision  which, 
though  alien  to  Graeco-Roman  thought, 
pervade  and  dominate  Hebrew  literature  : 
the  ideas  that  man's  true  perfection  lies 
in  the  future/ not  the  past  ;  and  that  the 
perfect  state  is  to  be  brought  about  by 
the  birth  of  a  child.  Mr.  Mayor  accepts 
Munro's  rendering  of  "  Jo  vis  incre- 
mentum,"  "  promise  of  a  Jove  to  be,"  a 
phrase  which,  though  unexampled  in 
classical  literature,  is  amply  paralleled  in 
the  Hebrew  prophets.  The  upshot  of  the 
whole  matter  is  that  the  thoughts  and 
expressions  of  Isaiah  somehow  filtered 
through  to  Virgil,  and  that  the  Sibyl  was 
the  medium  of  communication  reaching 
through  500  years. 

Such  being  the  main  drift  of  the 
poem,  there  are  one  or  two  points  of 
interpretation  which  we  may  accept  or 
reject  without  prejudicing  the  position 
held  by  the  three  essayists.  Mr.  Fowler 
cleverly,  though  not  quite  convincingly, 
suggests  that  the  "  bulk  of  the  poem  is  a 
prophetic  Carmen  conceived  as  sung  by  a 
votes  fatidica,  with  whom  Virgil  half 
identifies  himself,  during  the  actual  birth  of 
a  child.'''  He  also  adopts  the  reading 
(1.  62)  "  qui  non  risere  parentes  "  ;  but  we 
feel  with  Mr.  Conway  that  this  Latin,  in 
such  a  place,  is  virtually  impossible,  and 
are  prepared  to  stand  by  "  cui  non  risere 
parentes."  Again,  a  highly  probable  sug- 
gestion is  made  by  Mr.  Fowler,  who  aptly 
applies  to  the  present  passage  a  quotation 
from  the  additions  to  Servius  :  "  Proinde 
nobilibus  pueris  editis  in  atrio  domus 
Iunoni  lectus,  Herculi  mensa  ponebatur." 
The  deus  is  Hercules,  the  dea  is  Juno,  and 
the  two  together  were  regarded  as  the  di 
coniugales.  Anyway,  the  general  sense  of 
these  fines  seems  to  us  to  be  :  "  The  child 
whom  its  parents  do  not  joyfully  acknow- 
ledge cannot  be  expected  to  find  favour  in 
the  sight  of  the  gods  who  joined  those 
parents  in  wedlock." 

We  find  ourselves  at  one  with  Mr. 
Fowler  in  our  inability  to  accept  certain 
views  of  Sir  W.  M.  Ramsay  and  Prof. 
Reinach.  The  former  holds  that  Virgil  did 
not  refer  to  an  actual  human  child  :  the 
child  was  an  abstraction,  an  idealized 
generation  then  beginning.  The  answer 
to  this  view  is  the  concrete  character  of 
the  last  four  lines.  The  latter  tries  to 
establish  that  there  are  no  historical  or 
political  allusions  in  the  poem,  but  that 
the  character  of  the  whole  is  exclusively 
religious  or  mystic.  To  him  the  child  is 
Dionysus,  the  son  of  Jupiter. 

We  lay  down  this  little  book,  with  its 
scholarly  and  feeling  attempt  at  poetical 
interpretation,    with     a    sense     that    its 


perusal  will,  in  the  best  and  broadest  way, 
stimulate  the  imagination. 


The  Writing  of  English.  By  P.  J.  Hartog, 
assisted  by  Mrs.  A.  H.  Langdon.  (Oxford, 
Clarendon  Press.) 

The  first  sentence  in  Mr.  Hartog's  Pre- 
face is  "  The  English  boy  cannot  write 
English,"  and  a  fairly  extensive  experi- 
ence of  boys'  attempts  to  do  so  compels 
us  to  admit  —  and  deplore — the  general 
truth  of  the  statement.  Further  on  in 
thejbook  we  are  told 

"  that  though  he  may  be  totally  ignorant  of 
the  rules  of  grammar,  he  has  the  power  of 
saying  accurately  what  he  needs  and  wants  to 
say  in  the  language  in  which  he  thinks." 

We  hardly  think  so  highly  of  the  boy's 
power  of  oral  composition  ;  he  will,  we 
admit,  make  his  wants  known,  but  in 
doing  so  will  often  depend  as  much  on 
facial  expression,  voice,  intonation,  and 
signs  as  on  the  correct  construction  of 
his  sentences.  In  writing,  he  has  all 
to  learn ;  in  speaking,  much ;  it  is, 
however,  difficult  to  keep  the  training 
of  the  one  faculty  separate  from  that 
of  the  other. 

Mr.  Hartog  concentrates  his  attention 
on  the  writing  of  English,  and  first  points 
out  the  almost  total  absence  of  effective 
rational  teaching  of  the  language  in  our 
schools,  and  then  shows,  by  careful  in- 
vestigation of  school  methods  in  France, 
how  the  mother-tongue  is  successfully 
taught  there,  and  how,  mutatis  mutandis, 
similar  efficient  instruction  in  English 
might  be  given  in  this  country.  In  a 
useful  appendix  he  supplies,  with  Mrs.  Amy 
H.  Langdon's  assistance,  practical  details 
of  the  literary  training  which  he  desires 
to  see  introduced  into  English  schools. 
The  arguments  in  favour  of  comprehensive 
judicious  training  in  modern  English, 
both  in  our  primary  and  secondary 
schools,  are  unanswerable,  and  the  sug- 
gestions for  the  carrying  out  of  such  a 
course  of  instruction  are  of  practical 
value. 

It  can  hardly  be  denied  that  English, 
both  written  and  spoken,  is  deteriorating. 
Those  who  can  recall  the  not  very  high 
literary  standard  attained  in  English 
by  boys  and  girls  leaving  school  thirty 
or  forty  years  ago,  will  probably  agree 
that  it  was  higher  than  that  attained 
by  young  people  of  like  standing  now. 
It  is  not  easy  to  offer  a  satisfactory 
explanation  of  the  change  for  the  worse  ; 
and  it  would  be  interesting  to  know  how 
an  expert  like  Mr.  Hartog  accounts  for 
it.  It  is  a  curious  experience  nowadays, 
when  we  hear  young  people  describe  a 
long  day  on  the  links,  a  successful  dance, 
or  any  other  topic  in  which  they  feel 
real  personal  interest,  to  note  the  meagre 
vocabulary  at  the  speakers'  disposal, 
and  the  grotesquely  inaccurate  use  of 
the  few  words  left  to  them.  Their 
descriptions  in  the  form  of  written  narra- 
tive would  be  still  balder.  Correspond- 
ingly unfavourable  criticism  of  a  French 
boy  8  composition  would  not  be  justifiable, 
for   he   writes   his   own   languago  clearly 


and  correctly ;  and  his  literary  skill 
cannot  be  attributed  to  national  aptitude 
rather  than  school  training,  for,  as  Mr. 
Hartog  tells  us,  "  national  aptitudes, 
in  this  as  in  other  things,  are  singularly 
difficult  to  dissociate  from  training  and 
tradition.  In  France  "  training  and 
tradition "  have  long  obtained  in  the 
mother-tongue ;  but  in  this  country 
they  existed  only,  and  still  exist  mainly, 
in  classical  studies,  and  men  who  passed 
through  the  old-fashioned  course  acquired 
directly  but  a  scanty  knowledge  of  their 
own  language,  although  they  acquired 
such  a  literary  training,  and  such  a  know- 
ledge of  language  itself,  that  they  could, 
if  it  became  expedient,  gain  efficient 
mastery  of  English  readily  and  easily. 
"  On  the  other  hand  "—we  quote  F.R.C.S. 
from  the  recent  correspondence  in  The 
Times  on  '  Science  and  the  Public  '  : — 

"  men  whose  education  has  been  conducted 
on  the  '  modern  '  side  of  a  school,  and  sub- 
sequently in  *  science '  classes,  have  seldom 
learnt  any  language  at  all,  and  are  often 
incapable  of  expressing  themselves  with 
clearness  or  accuracy.  They  often  possess 
only  a  very  limited  vocabulary ;  the  con- 
struction of  their  sentences  is  often  extremely 
faulty  ;  and  they  frequently  misapply  even 
quite  common  words,  because  they  have 
never  been  taught  to  understand  and  con- 
sider meaning." 

There  must  be  something  seriously  wrong 
in  our  national  system  of  education  if 
a  youth  who  has  been  through  the  modern 
side  of  a  school,  and  has  subsequently 
attended  science  classes,  is  virtually 
ignorant  of  his  own  language. 

By  the  end  of  the  seventeenth  century 
the  French  had  elaborated  a  rational 
system  of  literary  instruction  in  their 
native  tongue  ;  but  in  this  country  at 
the  same  date  Locke,  in  his  '  Essay ' 
and  '  Thoughts  concerning  Education,' 
was  writing  with  utter  scorn  of  our 
teaching  of  rhetoric.  Little  was  effected 
in  this  country  at  that  time  ;  but  in  France, 
in  spite  of  the  struggles  of  the  Jesuits 
(who  looked  askance  at  the  cultivation 
of  the  mother-tongue),  first  with  Port 
Royal,  and  later  with  the  universities, 
a  course  of  literary  training  in  the  national 
language  became,  and  has  since  remained, 
an  important  part  of  the  curriculum  in 
primary  and  secondary  schools.  Many 
Frenchmen  consider  the  teaching  to  be 
"  too  literary,  too  remote  from  life,  too 
declamatory  "  ;  but  the  fact  remains  that 
French  boys  on  leaving  school  can  write 
an  intelligible,  well-ordered,  grammatically 
correct  essay,  narrative,  or  letter.  Mr. 
Hartog  explains  the  methods  of  teaching 
composition  and  literature  adopted  in 
primary  and  secondary  schools  in  France, 
and  describes  the  various  lessons  at  which 
he  was  present  in  a  considerable  number 
of  elementary  schools  and  Lycees  in  Paris. 
The  methods  are  so  judicious,  and  so 
carefully  arranged  and  followed,  that 
none  but  a  boy  far  below  the  average 
of  intelligence  can  fail  to  acquire  the  art 
of  expressing  his  ideas,  and  the  informa- 
tion he  possesses,  with  reasonable  gram- 
matical accuracy  and  a  certain  amount 
of  literary  skill.  Mr.  Hartog  makes  a 
strong   appeal— not   only   to    the   school- 


li,S 


T  ii  ]•:    at  ii  EN  .!■:  r  M 


No.  41  *i;.  .Ian.  18,  1908 


master,  but  slso  to  the  parent,  "  whose 
control  oyer  secondary  education  is  greater 
than  be  thinks/'  and  to  the  community 

— that  they  should  require  equiva- 
lent teaching  in  English  composition 
and  literature  to  be  given  to  all  Eng- 
lish boys;  and  he  points  out  that  the 
pupils'  at  lent  ion  in  the  study  not  only 
of  the  poets,  but  also  of  the  great  prose- 
writers  of  modern  times,  should  be  directed 

"  to  general  sense  and  content  rather  than 
to  exceptional  linguistic  detail  or  to  inci- 
dental allufions,  other  than  those  essential 
for  the  comprehension  of  the  author." 

Teachers  are  not  left  indoubt  as  to  how  Mr. 
Hartog's  suggestions  are  to  be  carried 
out  in  schools,  or  his  requirements  satis- 
fied ;  for  he  provides  numerous  carefully 
chosen  exercises  in  composition,  accom- 
panied with  hints  on  the  general  method 
of  using  them  in  class.  The  last  few 
pages  are  devoted  to  criticism  of  a  school 
essay  written  at  Haileybury,  and  to  the 
critical  analysis  of  a  passage  from  King- 
lake's  '  History  of  the  Crimean  War.' 
Both  criticism  and  analysis  are  excellent. 

If  parents  and  schoolmasters  will  pay 
heed  to  the  good  counsel  and  practical 
suggestions  in  this  handy  and  valuable 
little  work,  no  future  writer  on  literary 
studies  in  our  schools  will,  we  think,  be 
able  to  begin  his  first  chapter — as  Mr. 
Hartog  begins  his — with  the  discouraging 
statement,  "  The  average  English  boy 
cannot  write  English." 


The  History  of  Freedom,  and  other  Essays. 
By  John  Emerich  Edward  Dalberg- 
Acton,  First  Baron  Acton.  Edited  by 
the  Rev.  J.  N.  Figgis  and  Reginald  V. 
Laurence.     (Macmillan  &  Co.) 

There  is  a  pathetic  interest  in  this 
volume,  which  is  suggested  in  its  title. 
Here,  so  far  as  we  are  told,  is  all  that  was 
ever  achieved  of  the  great  history  of 
liberty,  which  was  to  have  been  the  work 
of  Acton's  life.  It  consists  of  an 
address  delivered  to  the  members  of  the 
Bridgnorth  Institution  in  1877  on  '  The 
History  of  Freedom  in  Antiquity,'  and 
another  address,  delivered  to  the  same 
body  three  months  later,  on  4  The  History 
of  Freedom  in  Christianity.'  Perhaps  we 
may  add  to  these  an  article  printed  in 
The  Quarterly  in  1 878  on  Erskine  May's 
'  Democracy  in  Europe.'  The  three  take 
up  exactly  one  hundred  pages  out  of  a 
volume  of  six  hundred.  That  is  all 
that  Acton  ever  accomplished  of  his  great 
design. 

Of  course  it  was  impossible.  No  man 
who  knew  enough  to  write  on  such  a  sub- 
ject could  ever  have  written  the  book. 
One  wonders  if  such  a  volume,  on  the 
only  scale  which  would  have  been  of  value 
to  a  student,  would  ever  have  been  read. 
Indeed,  we  may  be  content  with  the 
brilliant  yet  solid  essays  in  which  the  prin- 
ciples of  the  whole  history  laid  down  are: — 

"  We  must  be  at  war  with  evil,  but  at 
peace  with  men,  and  it  is  better  to  suffer 
than  to  commit  injustice.  True  freedom, 
says  the  most  eloquent  of  the  Stoics, 
consists  in  obeying  God." 


There  irere  the  fundamental  ideas  of 
\>  ton  lammed  up.  He  looked  at  all  life 
pre-eminently  and  persistently  from  the 

moral  point  of  view.  He  hud  no  belief 
in  the  modern  theory  of  the  State — that 
it  is  omnipotent,  and  may  recognize  no 
limits  but  its  own  will.  The  tyranny  of 
the  majority  seemed  to  him  a  hideous 
thing.  The  editors  tell  us  that  he  was 
the  incarnation  of  the  "  spirit  of  Whig- 
gism ";  but  this  was  not  at  all  in  a 
democratic  sense,  and  perhaps  he  was 
nearer  to  the  Whiggism  that  Disraeli 
derided  than  they  admit.  Constitutional 
government  was  his  ideal,  but  he  was  not 
able,  it  would  seem,  to  reconcile  it  very 
closely  with  pure  democracy.  Democracy 
and  absolutism  were  too  near  akin. 

"  Provided  that  freedom  was  left  to  men 
to  do  their  duty,  Acton  was  not  greatly 
careful  of  mere  rights.  He  had  no  belief  in 
the  natural  equality  of  men,  and  no  dislike 
of  the  subordination  of  classes  on  the  score 
of  birth." 

He  was  in  truth  an  aristocrat  through 
and  through,  by  birth  and  training,  by 
association  with  the  nobility  of  Germany 
and  England,  by  a  certain  want  of  sym- 
pathy with  imperfection  in  others,  and  a 
very  decided  contempt  for  ignorance. 
Deep-rooted  though  his  desire  was  to 
secure  to  every  man  his  rights,  and  to  every 
institution  no  more  than  its  rights,  yet  it 
cannot  be  denied  that  there  was  always 
in  him  a  strain  of  that  intolerance  and 
"  superiority"  which  belongs  to  the  pure 
Whig,  which  came  out  in  such  curious 
ways  in  his  letters  to  Mrs.  Drew,  and 
which  is  evident  in  the  description  of 
Lord  Liverpool  quoted  in  the  Introduction 
to  this  book. 

Something  of  this  Acton  saw  himself. 
His 

"  desire  to  maintain  the  view  that  '  morality 
is  not  ambulatory  '  led  him  at  times  to  ignore 
the  complementary  doctrine  that  it  certainly 
developes,  and  that  the  difficulties  of  states- 
men or  ecclesiastics,  if  they  do  not  excuse, 
at  least  explain  their  less  admirable  courses. 

In  a  pathetic  conversation  with  his  son, 

he  lamented  the  harshness  of  some  of  his 
judgments,  and  hoped  the  example  would 
not  be  followed." 

Still,  the  example  was  noble,  because  the 
judgment  was  so  entirely  honest,  the 
standard  so  undeviatingly  high. 

"To  all  those  who  reflect  on  history  or 
politics,  it  was  a  gain  of  the  highest  order 
that  at  the  very  summit  of  historical  scholar- 
ship and  profound  political  knowledge  there 
should  be  placed  a  leader  who  erred  on  the 
unfashionable  side,  who  denied  the  states- 
man's claim  to  subject  justice  to  expediency, 
and  opposed  the  partisan's  attempt  to  palter 
with  facts  in  the  interest  of  his  creed." 

All  this,  and  much  more,  is  most 
admirably  said  in  the  excellent  Introduc- 
tion of  Mr.  Figgis  and  Mr.  Laurence.  We 
do  not  know  that  Acton  can  quite 
fairly  be  described  as  a  leader,  at  least 
during  the  greater  part  of  his  life,  whether 
in  historical  scholarship  or  in  political 
knowledge ;  but  we  have  no  doubt  that 
the  indirect  influence  of  his  intellect  and 
his  knowledge  was  greater  than  was  gener- 
ally known  when  he  was  alive.     It  may 


even  have  been  greater,  as  the  editors 
suggest,  at  the  time  of  the  Vatican 
Council,  than  was  supposed:  at  lea-t 
neither  the  terms  of  the  dogma  of  Infal- 
libility nor  its  effects  were  what  he  feared. 
But  it  is  not  only  as  a  politic  ian  or  a 
moralist  that  Acton  is  shown  in  the 
present  collection  of  his  work.  He  appears 
almost  as  conspicuously  as  a  pure  his- 
torian. His  essays  on  the  Massacre  of 
St.  Bartholomew  and  on  the  Protestant 
theory  of  persecution  are  examples  of 
this.  They  are  minute  and  careful  work, 
full  of  knowledge,  research,  critical  appre- 
ciation. They  distribute  even-handed 
justice  with  an  unsparing  severity.  If 
the  Protestant  action  is  regarded  as  the 
less  defensible,  because  it  depends  on 
a  crude  and  immoral  theory,  yet  the 
defence  of  the  massacre  of  the  Huguenots 
is  condemned  in  uncompromising  style  : — 

"  The  same  motive  which  had  prompted 
the  murder  now  prompted  the  lie.  Men  shrank 
from  the  conviction  that  the  rulers  and 
restorers  of  their  Church  had  been  murderers 
and  abettors  of  murder,  and  that  6o  much 
infamy  had  been  coupled  with  so  much  zeal. 
They  feared  to  say  that  the  most  monstrous 
of  crimes  had  been  solemnly  approved  at 
Rome,  lest  they  should  devote  the  Papacy  to 
the  execration  of  mankind." 

The  interest  of  the  historical  essays  in 
this  volume  is  not,  however,  purely  con- 
structive. It  is  critical  too,  and  per- 
sonal. As  examples  of  the  critical  method 
of  the  author  we  may  note  the  reviews  of 
Mr.  Goldwin  Smith's  '  History  of  Ireland  ' 
and  Dr.  Henry  Lea's  '  History  of  the 
Inquisition.'  Here  we  find  both  wit  and 
detailed  knowledge,  as  well  as  a  fine 
critical  sense  under  the  control  of  a 
determined  and  consistent  fairness. 

The  personal  side  of  Acton's  energies 
comes  out  in  the  extremely  interesting 
papers  on  '  Dollinger's  Historical  Work  ' 
and  on  the  Vatican  Council.  In  the  latter 
there  is  a  marked  and  impressive  restraint 
which  makes  the  record  of  the  facts  the 
more  significant,  and  the  omission  of  any 
concluding  judgment  also  tells  its  own 
tale.  What  it  all  meant  in  Acton's  eyes 
is  partially — but  only  very  partially — told 
in  the  letters  which  have  recently  been 
edited  with  such  evident  skill  by  Abbot 
Gasquet  :  there  is  more  to  come,  we  are 
told  by  Mr.  Figgis  and  Mr.  Laurence, 
when  the  letters  to  Dollinger  are  given  to 
the  world.  Dollinger  was  Acton's  chief 
teacher  from  the  time  he  was  seventeen  ; 
and  special  interest  attaches  to  a  long 
paper  on  the  great  Bonn  scholar's  book 
on  the  Temporal  Power,  and  to  the 
shorter  summary  of  his  historical  work 
published  in  The  English  Historical  Review 
seventeen  years  ago. 

We  have  said  enough  to  indicate  the 
varied  attractions  of  this  volume.  It  shows 
us,  indeed,  the  great  scholar  at  his  best,  in 
his  wide  knowledge,  sound  judgment,  and 
intense  but  restrained  moral  fervour.  It 
is  a  book  which  does  more  than  add  to  our 
information  :  it  strengthens  and  inspires. 
It  makes  us  desire  more  than  ever  these 
Lectures  on  the  French  Revolution  which 
were  promised  us  a  long  while  since,  but 
are  still,  with  no  explanation,  delayed.  \. 


No.  4186,  Jan.  18,  1908 


THE     ATHENAEUM 


69 


Continuation  Schools  in  England  and 
Elsewhere.  Edited  by  M.  E.  Sadler. 
(Manchester,  University  Press.) 

Prof.  Sadler  edits  this  volume  of 
publications  of  the  University  of  Man- 
chester, and  also  contributes  to  it  the 
Introduction  and  several  chapters  ;  the 
remaining  chapters  are  written  by  per- 
sons who  speak  with  the  authority  of 
knowledge.  A  work  of  this  kind  on 
Continuation  Schools  and  kindred  topics, 
containing  much  tabulated  information, 
and  in  many  places  bristling  with  statistics, 
will  hardly  exert  great  initial  attraction 
on  the  general  reader  ;  but  Prof.  Sadler 
and  his  collaborators  exhibit  so  much 
literary  skill,  and  have  so  cleverly  mar- 
shalled their  facts  and  figures,  that 
thoughtful  men  and  women  will  read 
the  volume  with  interest  and  advan- 
tage. It  is  a  treasure  of  facts 
and  judicious  opinions  in  the  domain 
of  the  history  and  administration  of 
education ;  and  although  the  editor's 
views  and  desires — he  being  a  progressive 
and  enthusiastic  advocate  of  education — 
may  be  in  advance  of  those  of  his  readers, 
yet  the  consideration  for  others  as  well 
as  moderation  with  which  they  arc  set 
forth  will  go  far  to  make  converts. 

The  introductory  historical  account  of 
what  has  been  done  in  this  island  for  the 
promotion  of  Continuation  Schools,  and 
the  furthering,  during  the  period  of 
adolescence,  of  education  and  instruction 
consequent  on  primary  teaching,  and 
more  advanced  than  it,  takes  into  con- 
sideration the  interval  between  1780  and 
to-day.  This  interval,  beginning  with 
the  rise  of  the  modern  Sunday-school 
movement,  is  divided  into  four  great 
periods  :  (I.)  from  1780  to  1833,  when 
the  first  Parliamentary  grant  was  given 
"for  the  purpose  of  education  " ;  (II.)  from 
1833  to  the  French  Revolution  in  1848  ; 
(III.)  from  1848  to  the  passing  of  the 
Elementary  Education  Act  in  1870 ; 
and  (IV.)  from  that  date  to  the  present 
day.  We  read  with  satisfaction  that, 
during  the  last  hundred  years,  evening 
schools  and  classes,  and  other  means 
(the  majority  of  them  due  to  voluntary 
agency)  for  the  further  education  of  the 
people,  have  taken  no  unimportant  part 
in  our  social  history  ;  and  that  "in  no 
other  country  have  they  been  more 
numerous  or  more  varied  in  form  and 
purpose."  The  work  of  the  chief  educa- 
tional agencies  (ranging  from  the  Sunday 
school  to  the  University  Extension  Lecture 
and  the  National  Home  Reading  Union) 
that  have  placed  the  advantages  of  in- 
struction within  reach  of  the  young 
(of  both  sexes),  is  sympathetically  re- 
viewed, and  described  in  considerable 
detail ;  and  we  are  glad  to  find  that 
agencies  in  which  recreation  and  physical 
training  are  important,  if  not  predominant 
factors,  are  included.  These  agencies 
have  been  worked  with  greater  or  less 
efficiency,  and  for  varying  lengths 
of  time,  and  all  seem  to  have 
been  really  successful  at  some  point  in 
their  history,  if  not  during  the  whole  of  it. 
After  these  voluntary  agencies  follow  our 


State-aided  evening  schools ;  and  Mr. 
Sadler  places  before  us  an  account  of  the 
work  they  are  doing  in  certain  Northern 
manufacturing  towns  as  well  as  in  rural 
districts.  The  history  of  the  voluntary 
institutions  for  giving  "  further  education" 
shows  clearly  how  great  is  the  debt  owed 
by  the  nation  to  enthusiastic  religious 
belief  in  all  classes  of  the  popula- 
tion. Night  schools  for  adults  were 
recommended  so  early  as  1711  by  the 
Society  for  the  Promotion  of  Christian 
Knowledge,  and  the  work  done  by  the 
Established  Church  is  highly  appreciated 
in  this  historical  review ;  at  the  same 
time  the  efficient  and  successful  agencies 
established  by  Roman  Catholics  and 
Protestant  bodies  receive  unstinted  praise. 
Prof.  Sadler  finds,  in  the  answers  to 
inquiries  addressed  to  17  railway  com- 
panies and  195  large  trade  and  industrial 
firms,  concerning  facilities  granted  to 
their  employees  for  attending  continua- 
tion and  technical  classes,  that  a  large 
number  of  those  who  replied  to  his  ques- 
tions make  attendance  at  these  classes 
easy,  and  encourage  their  workpeople 
to  attend  them,  and  no  doubt  this  number 
will  increase  ;  but  the  half-time  system 
forms  at  the  present  day  a  serious  obstacle 
to  the  efficiency  and  spread  of  the  classes. 
The  half-timer  learns  very  little  in  the 
primary  school,  and  more  often  than  not 
leaves  it  with  a  decided  distaste  for 
mental  effort ;  nor  is  this  surprising.  The 
half-timer,  a  child  under  fourteen,  is 
called  before  5.30  a.m.,  has  just  time  to 
swallow  some  bread-and-butter  and  tea 
that  "  has  often  been  left  to  stew  over- 
night in  the  oven,"  and  must  be  at  the 
factory  at  6.  He  works  there  till  8,  and 
then  has  half  an  hour  for  breakfast,  which 
is  generally  eaten  in  the  "  stuffy  room  " 
where  he  has  been  working.  The  next 
four  hours,  till  12.30,  are  spent  in  work, 
and  about  2  p.m.  the  child  goes  to  school 
for  2-J  hours.  The  evenings  are  spent 
generally  in  some  form  of  recreation,  "  or 
wandering  aimlessly  about  the  streets  "  ; 
in  only  a  small  percentage  of  cases  "  in 
domestic  work,  at  the  evening  Continua- 
tion School,  or  in  reading  at  home." 
The  lives  of  these  half-timers  are  pathetic- 
ally unchildlike,  and  their  lessons  must 
fall  on  drowsy  eyes  and  tired  ears.  It  does 
not  surprise  us  to  read  that  "  a  distinct 
physical  deterioration  sets  in  immediately 
a  child  goes  to  work  half-time."  These 
children  have  also  lost  interest  in  school 
work,  and  seldom  regain  it  during  adoles- 
cence ;  and  it  has  been  found  in  Burnley 
that  the  number  of  half-timers  who  begin 
attendance  at  evening  schools  is  con- 
siderably less  than  half  that  of  day  scholars 
who  continue  their  education  in  this  way. 
Many  successful  mills,  however,  employ 
no  half-timers  at  all,  and  a  few  run  at 
night,  when  the  employment  of  "  half- 
timers  "  is  illegal,  and  there  is  reasonable 
hope  of  a  gradual  change  of  public  opinion 
in  factory  districts  in  respect  Oi  half-time  ; 
so  that  when  the  State  insists — as  it  will 
soon  be  its  duty  to  do — on  the  compulsory 
continuation  of  education  during  adoles- 
cence, the  change  will  be  accepted,  if  not 
welcomed. 


The  descriptions  of  Continuation  Schools 
in  Germany,  Switzerland,  France,  Den- 
mark, and  the  United  States — their 
beginnings,  scope,  maintenance,  and  the 
attendance  at  them — are  most  suggestive. 
We  in  England  have  much  to  learn  from 
these  foreign  schools,  and  in  some  respects 
may  take  them  as  examples  ;  but  in  many 
ways  they  differ  one  from  another,  and 
every  country  seems  to  establish  and 
keep  in  working  order  the  school  system 
best  adapted  to  its  needs.  The  com- 
parison made  between  the  German  and 
English  systems — the  one  authoritative 
and  compulsory,  the  other  simply  volun- 
tary— is  interesting.  Prof.  Sadler  appears 
to  approve  the  former,  but  he  recognizes 
the  good  points  of  both.  The  German 
plan  makes  the  most  of  the  average 
adolescent,  and  even  of  the  dullard,  not 
perhaps  giving  the  best  chance  to  the 
brilliant,  strenuous  scholar ;  ours, 
on  the  other  hand,  makes  the  most  of 
the  really  clever  youth,  but  is  likely  to 
do  less  for  Ms  weaker  competitors  than 
they  deserve  ;  ours,  therefore,  is  the  less 
economical  of  the  nation's  brain-power. 

France  has  attacked  the  problem  of 
"  further  education  "  with  great  enthusi- 
asm, and  with  the  logical  vigour  character- 
istic of  the  Latin  "mind.  Continuation 
classes  and  other  means  of  acquiring 
"  further  education "  are  distributed 
throughout  the  country  ;  they  work 
efficiently,  and  are  producing  good  results 
both  in  town  and  country.  It  will  surprise 
some  readers  to  learn  to  howgreatan  exteno 
the  initiation  and  maintenance  of  these 
institutions  are  due  to  the  ardour,  liberality 
of  mind,  and  generosity  of  various  religious 
bodies,  the  Catholic  Church  and  the 
Protestant  and  Jewish  organizations. 

The  People's  High  Schools  ("  Folke- 
hojskoler")  in  Denmark  are  among  the  most 
interesting  and  most  successful  experi- 
ments in  "  further  education,"  and  have 
to  a  large  extent  solved  the  social  problem 
that  oppresses  our  own  country — how  to 
keep  the  people  on  the  land.  These 
Folkekojskoler  are  private,  State  -  aided 
institutions,  and  their  methods  of  educa- 
tion and  discipline  have  great  elasticity  ; 
but  the  basis  of  all  their  curricula  is 
humanistic  ;  and  owing  to  their  influence 
and  "  a  state  of  the  land  laws  producing 
peasant  proprietorship,  the  rural  exodus 
in  Denmark  has  been  much  less  serious 
than  in  other  countries."  They  also 
furnish  a  striking  instance  of  "  education 
spelling  prosperity  "  :  the  value  of  Danish 
exports  of  bacon  and  dairv  produce 
rose  from  2,402,000J.in  1881  to  13,614,000/. 
in  1904.  These  High  Schools  all  exhibit 
a  common  feature — they  have  a  decidedly 
educational  aim  as  well  as  a  distinctly 
technological  object ;  and  this  differen- 
tiates them  from  the  majority  of  Con- 
tinuation Schools  described  in  Prof. 
Sadler's  volume. 

Education  has  two  sides,  the  material 
and  the  immaterial,  and  of  these  the 
immaterial  is  the  nobler  ;  but  so  severe, 
apparently,  is  the  contest  among  indi- 
viduals for  wages,  and  so  keen  among 
nations  the  struggle  for  supremacy  in 
commercial    and   industrial    pursuits   and 


II 


'I1  II  E     A  T  B  E  N  M  U  M 


No.  4186,  Jan.  Ik,  1908 


operal  ions,  i  hat  t  be  adi  ml  E  educa- 

tion in  the  intellectual  and  spiritual 
development  of  mankind  are  often  kepi 
nut  of  sight.  The  Danes  in  then-  People's 
High  Schools  have,  better  than  other 
nations,  suooeeded  in  combining  the  two 

.sides      of     Continuation       School       work. 

Againsl  the  danger  involved  in  excessive 

utilitarianism  Prof.  Sadler  uttore  a  timely 
warning  : — 

"'  Let  OB  not  identity  the  world  for  which 
we  seek  to  train  every  child  solely  with  the 
world  of  material  interests  and  of  visiblo 
things.  Let  us  not  forget,  in  our  educa- 
tional plans,  the  weight  that  should  be 
attached  to  the  claims  of  the  spiritual  realm, 
whose  frontiers  transcend  political  frontiers, 
and  whose  commonwealth  is  in  heaven." 


EDUCATIONAL    BOOKS. 

John  Bull  and  his  Schools.  By  W.  R. 
Lawson.  (Blackwood  &  Sons.) — John  Bull 
lias  often  been  seriously  blamed  for  his  sins 
of  omission  and  commission  in  the  island 
that  belongs  to  him  ;  but  his  doings  have 
seldom  been  more  severely  criticized  than 
they  are  in  the  volume  before  us  by  Mr. 
Lawson,  who,  with  rather  grim  humour, 
has  set  himself  to  balance  the  advantages 
and  disadvantages  of  the  education  provided 
for  boys  and  young  men  of  all  classes  in 
John  Bull's  country  ;  and  although  the 
strictures  are  not  free  from  exaggeration, 
and  in  some  cases  have  an  air  of  caricature, 
we  must  admit  that  they  place  in  strong 
relief  many  startling  imperfections  in  our 
schools  and  colleges.  The  two  main  charges 
that  he  brings  with  considerable  effect 
against  our  educational  system  are  excess 
of  cost  and  defect  of  efficiency  ;  and 
"  parents,  ratepayers,  and  men  of  business," 
for  whose  enlightenment  the  book  is  written, 
will  read  the  facts,  statistics,  and  opinions 
it  contains  with  some  little  surprise,  not 
altogether  of  a  pleasurable  kind.  Infor- 
mation concerning  the  annual  cost  is 
summarized  in  a  table  showing  "  the  public 
and  private  expenditure  on  education  (all 
grades),"  including  interest  on  the  capital 
value  of  non-provided  premises,  and  the 
cost  amounted  in  1906-7  to  fifty-six  millions 
sterling,  that  is,  it  was  only  about  three 
millions  short  of  the  entire  sum  spent  on 
the  army  and  the  navy  ;  and  if  the  whole 
cost  of  education  were  registered  and  known, 
"  it  might  raise  the  national  school  bill 
considerably  above  the  combined  army 
and  navy  budgets."  Some  of  Mr.  Lawson's 
figures  appear  to  be  conjectural,  but  those 
which  are  certainly  known  are  large  enough 
to  be  matter  of  serious  concern  to  the  patient, 
tax-paying  middle  class  of  the  population. 
The  greater  part  of  this  enormous  expenditure 
is  seemingly  absorbed  by  elementary  educa- 
tion, and  a  large  share  of  it  is  borne  by  the 
middle-class  taxpayer,  who  gains  therefrom 
no  benefit — or  an  infinitesimal  one — for 
his  own  sons  and  daughters.  He  requires 
for  them  higher  (secondary  and  techno- 
logical) and  University  training;  but  with 
a  budget  for  elementary  schools  which  is 
steadily  increasing  (the  cost  of  an  elementary- 
school  boy  in  London  is  about  three  times 
as  great  as  that  of  his  brother  in  Paris), 
there  seems  small  chance  that,  if  the  ex- 
penditure on  higher  education  be  on  a 
similarly  lavish  scale,  the  State  will  do  much 
for  him  :  there  is  on  the  other  hand  a  fear 
that  a  reaction  of  niggardliness  will  set  in, 
or,  to  quote  Matthew  Arnold  in  1878,  "  I 
am  afraid  of  the  cold  fit  following  the  hot 
one  in  a  season  of  less  prosperity." 

Mr.  Lawson,  having  shown  the  magnitude 
of  John  Bull's  school  bill,  pertinently  asks 


"  \\  hal    I.  |    .r  it |  "  :     (  h<  -i\  en  to 

this  question  is  discouraging  in  tha  extreme. 

Mi-     I. .iv.  ■•I.   ia  bhoroug]  bisfied   with 

the  results  lit   our  educational   instituti 
and  lie  1 1  clearly  m<  led  with  the 

products  turned  oul  at  the  top  and  bottom 
of  the  system  that  is,  the  elementary 
schools  and  the  Universities,  especially 
Oxford     and     Cambridge.      The     account     of 

the  older  Universities  is  an  amu  rica- 

ture  rather  than  an  accurate  presentment: 
the  author  writes  at  second  hand  only,  and 
a  good  deal  of  the  description  might  well 
have  been  the  work  of  Alton  Locke  after 
preliminary  study  of  the  adventures  of 
\  i  rdant  Green.  The  author  speaks,  however, 
of  the  life  and  studies  in  the  newer  Univer- 
sities from  more  intimate  acquaintance  with 
them,  and  certainly  with  greater  sympathy. 
He  appreciates  highly  (and,  we  think,  justly) 
the  University  of  Science  slowly  and  judi- 
ciously evolved  at  South  Kensington,  as  well 
as  the  newer  Universities,  with  their  splendid 
technological  equipment,  that  have  risen 
in  the  Midlands,  the  Northern  counties,  and 
in  Scotland  :  their  efficiency  is  largely 
attributed  to  the  co-operation,  in  their 
initiation  and  government,  of  men  of 
business  who  knew  exactly  the  requirements 
of  commerce  and  industry.  Men  of  this 
kind  should  undoubtedly  have  a  much  more 
powerful .  influence  in  the  governing  bodies 
of  elementary  schools  (which  Matthew 
Arnold  insisted  should  be  a  municipal,  not  a 
State,  service)  and  also  of  higher  secondary 
and  technical  institutions. 

Mr.  Lawson  hardly  knows  "  whether  John 
Bull  is  at  the  present  moment  more  worried 
about  his  army  or  his  schools,"  i.e.,  his 
free  elementary  schools.  The  imperfections 
of  these  schools  are  sufficiently  obvious,  and 
the  results  attained  in  them  sadly  disappoint- 
ing, so  that  no  exaggeration  was  necessary 
in  the  scoring  of  points  against  them.  In 
some  instances  Mr.  Lawson  has  overlooked 
this,  as,  for  instance,  when  he  blames 
certificated  teachers  for  teaching  the  weights 
and  measures  legally  used  in  the  country, 
and  he  should  have  known — and  in  fairness 
have  shown  the  knowledge — that  for  years 
Whitehall  has  insisted  on  the  teaching  of 
the  metric  system  ;  and  we  can  safely 
assert  that  there  are,  up  and  down  the  country, 
far  more  rational  teaching  and  judicious 
training  of  faculties  and  powers  of  observa- 
tion than  he  admits.  Still,  the  appalling 
fact  remains  that  a  large  proportion  of  the 
scholars  who  pass  through  all  the  classes 
in  our  elementary  schools  sink  into  casual 
unskilled  work.  "  Evidently,"  we  read, 
"  a  very  small  percentage  of  the  three- 
quarters  of  a  million  children  who  leave 
school  every  year  find  themselves  well 
prepared  "  for  skilled  occupations.  This 
disappointing  condition  of  things  is  not  so 
much  the  direct  outcome  of  our  public 
elementary  instruction  as  of  a  system  of 
Government  organization  which  leaves 
scholars,  at  about  thirteen  or  fourteen  years 
of  age,  under  no  disciplinary  control,  and 
with  no  compulsion,  or  even  strong  incentive, 
to  attend  any  course  of  further  education. 
No  general  inquiry  has  yet  been  made  about 
the  career  of  scholars  after  leaving  primary 
schools  :  this  is  equally  true  in  the  case  of 
higher  secondary  schools  and  Universities. 
Isolated  inquiries  of  the  kind  have  been 
made,  as  in  Finchley  ;  and  it  was  there 
found  that  of  the  children  leaving  the  six 
schools  of  the  district,  34  per  cent,  went 
into  skilled  trades,  15  per  cent,  became 
clerks,  and  51  per  cent,  entered  unskilled 
trades.  If  theso  percentages  be  even 
approximately  true  for  the  whole  country, 
Mr.  Lawson's  sweeping  condemnation  of  ovir 
primary-school  system  is  to  a  large  extent 
justified. 


Suggestion    in     Education.      By    M.    W. 
Keatinge.     (A.  .Mr.  Baatii 

deali  mt.  n  itingly  and  simply  with  tl 
chology  of  suggestion  ;  he  adds  nothing  i 

Lucational  theory,  but,  by  inukn 
rou->  usu   of   the   literature  of   hypnosis  and 
psychometry,  he  shows  by  implication  b 
dull  and    blundering  were  the   textbooks  on 
"method"     and    "school     management" 

familiur  in  training  colleges  two  d 

and  also  how  def<  a  teacher's  training 

without  some  study  of  psychology.  If  it  is 
said  that  teaching  is  a  question  of  p<  rsonality, 
and  that  the  born  teacher  has  always  known 
by  intuition  what  is  here  laboriously  gleaned 
from  innumerable  psychical  experiments,  we 
reply  that  such  a  teacher  will  be  glad  to  have 
his  practice  justified  or  criticized  ;  and  that 
those  teachers  —  the  great  majority  —  who 
have  not  chosen  their  profession  by  predilec- 
tion, will  find  this  book  sufficient  alone  to 
suggest  the  kind  of  material  they  must 
always  be  searching  for  in  order  to  fortify 
and  improve  their  principles. 

All  educated  people  know  that  they  were 
influenced  by  much  in  their  environment,  of 
which  at  the  time  they  were  not  fully  aware. 
In  other  words,  we  live  a  subconscious  as  well 
as  a  conscious  life.  Whilst  admitting  that 
it  is  impossible  to  increase  faculty,  we  recog- 
nize that  the  subconscious  contributes  both 
colour  and  atmosphere  to  its  manifestations. 
It  follows,  therefore,  that  the  teacher  should, 
as  Mr.  Keatinge  says,  make  "  it  his  first  aim 
to  see  that  the  subconsciousness  of  his  pupils 
is  a  mind  of  meanings  not  always  fully 
realized,  but  felt  as  desirable  and  ready 
at  any  moment  to  develope  into  auto- 
suggestion." This  giving  of  meanings  that 
later  may  determine  and  direct  a  child's 
activities  is,  if  not  the  whole  function  of 
schools,  an  essential  part  of  it. 

In  the  chapter  entitled  '  Some  Practical 
Applications  '  the  author  crosses  swords  with 
the  Herbartians  on  the  question  of  moral 
instruction  : — 

"The  too  constant  pressing  upon  a  boy  of 
examples  of  conduct,  or  the  sententious  handling 
of  episodes,  is  certain  to  arouse  suspicion  in  his 
mind.  In  fact,  the  whole  doctrine  of  influence  by 
suggestion  is  wholly  at  variance  with  the  principles 
that  underlie  what  the  school  of  Herbart  calls 
character-forming  instruction. :' 

\Ve  must  express  our  disagreement  with 
the  author  on  one  point.  On  p.  158  he 
writes  ironically,  in  reference  to  a  sound  bit 
of  teaching  enunciated  in  Prof.  Armstrong's 
1  The  Teaching  of  Scientific  Method,'  as 
follows  : — 

"From  the  newer  subjects,  apparently  the  salt 
of  drudgery  which  would  season  the  boy  for  the 
drearier  situations  that  life  presents  may  be 
altogether  omitted." 

Does  Mr.  Keatinge  suggest,  in  view  of  the 
fact  that  we  shall  all  be  bereaved  of  some 
dear  friend  some  day  or  other,  that  the  best 
possible  preparation  for  this  dreary  event 
would  be  a  weekly  or  monthly  attendance  at 
funerals  ?  The  author  has  yet  to  profit  by 
his  own  teaching. 

The  Education  of  To-morrow.  By  John 
Stewart  Remington.  (Guilbert  Pitman.) — 
It  is  argued  in  this  book  that  the  Public 
Schools  and  the  older  Universities  do  not 
turn  out  efficiont  business  men  and  men  of 
science,  and  that  consequently  we  are  not 
keeping  pace  industrially  with  America  and 
Germany.  As  the  Universities  of  London. 
Liverpool,  Manchester,  Birmingham,  and 
Leeds  are  well  equipped  on  their  commercial 
and  technical  sides,  it  is  regrettable,  the 
author  thinks,  that  the  stream  oi  youth  is 
not  diverted  from  the  Public  Schools  to  these 
institutions.  Mr.  Remington  winds  up  his 
criticism  as  follows : — 

"The  Education  of  To-morrow  must  be  the 
education  of  practical  men,  by  practical  men,  for 


No.  4186,  Jan.  18,  1908 


THE    ATHENJEUM 


71 


practical  men.  It  must  be  hidden  behind  no  bars 
of  dead  languages,  and  veiled  by  no  fogs  of  dead 
social  distinctions.  It  must  realize  that  the  present 
and  the  future  are  more  important  than  the  past. 
It  must  understand  that  it  is  to  be  the  weapon  of 
our  sons,  as  the  sword  was  the  weapon  of  our 
fathers,  and  that  its  battles  are  the  battles  ot 
reality,  battles  not  of  muscle,  but  of  knowledge. 


Selected  Writings  of  Thomas  Godolphin 
Hoover.  Edited  by  R.  G.  Tatton.  (Blackie 
&  Son.)— Thomas  Godolphin  Rooper  was 
always  greatly  interested  in  popular 
education;  and  when  he  was  appointed 
H  M  Inspector  of  Schools  under  Sir  Francis 
Sandford,  his  office  supplied  him  with 
occupation  in  most  respects  congenial,  and 
gave  him  a  career  in  which  his  wide  learning, 
deep  sympathy  with  children,  and  remark- 
able insight  into  educational  methods,  as 
well  as  mastery  of  the  principles  underlying 
them,  were  made  available  for  the  national 
advantage.  Rooper  was  appointed  in  1877 
second  inspector  in  Northumberland  under 
Mr  Pennethorne  ;  he  assumed  sole  charge 
of  the  Bradford  district  in  1882,  and  was 
transferred  in  1897  to  Southampton.  He 
died  in  1903,  in  his  fifty-sixth  year. 

Rooper's  marked  charm   of    manner  did 
much  in  gaining  for  him  a  great  and,  we 
trust,     enduring     influence     in     education, 
although,   as  Mr.   Tatton  says  in  speaking 
of  Civil  Servants  generally,  "  it  is  not  easy 
to  explain  the  exact  nature  of  their  services 
or  influence."     The  influence,   however   ac- 
quired, was  recognized  and  felt  most  widely, 
and  it  was  invariably  beneficial.     Rooper, 
although  ready  to  welcome  every  improve- 
ment,   and   to   receive  in   a  friendly   spirit 
all  suggestions,  was  no  faddist  in  education  ; 
hence    he    was    trusted    by     teachers     and 
managers  of  schools,   and  was  heard  with 
attention   and   consideration  by   the  larger 
public   whose   first   desire   is   that   the   ele- 
mentary schools  of  the  country  shall  supply 
the  State  with  young  men  and  young  women 
healthy    and    sound    in    body,    mind,    and 
morals.     There  are  few  problems  connected 
with    elementary    education    that    Rooper 
did  not  discuss  and  elucidate  in  his  speeches 
and  writings;     but   the   subjects  in   which 
perhaps  he  took  the  deepest  interest  were 
rural  schools,  and  manual  training,  both  in 
towns    and    villages.     He    considered    sloid 
to  be  the  system  of  manual  training  best 
adapted   for   school   purposes,    and   insisted 
on  the  value  of  manual  training— as  indeed 
of  all  training  of  the  senses  and  muscles— 
"not  as  a  part  of  technical,  but  of  general 
education."     The  changes  that  lie  wished  to 
make  in  the  routine  of  rural  schools  would 
involve    not    so    much    the    elimination    ot 
existing   studies   from   the   time-table     and 
the  substitution  of  others,  as  an  alteration 
of  the  way  in  which  the  teachers  regard  the 
existing  studies. 

Mr.  Tatton  includes  in  the  volume  before 
us    the    most   important    of    Rooper's    con- 
tributions to  the  literature  of   educational 
theory    and    method.      They     have     been 
collected   from    articles    in    magazines    and 
reviews,   and  from  lectures  and  addresses, 
for  Rooper,  so  far  as  we  know,  published 
no    comprehensive    important    volume    on 
school  work.     He  was  a  thoughtful  student 
and  an  eager  and  skilled  observer  of  educa- 
tional   practice    and    theory,    both    in    this 
country    and    abroad;     and    Mr.    Tatton  s 
readers  will  owe  to  him  a  debt  of  gratitude 
for  giving  them  an  opportunity  of  studying 
the  results  of  extended  experience  and  much 
accurate   thought.     In  the  essays  and   ad- 
dresses that  form  the  larger  part  of  the  work, 
their  author  enforces  the  doctrine  of  apper- 
ception,  and    insists   on   the  application,   in 
everyday   schoolwork,   of    the   principle   of 
the  correlation  of   studies  ;    but  education  is 
investigated    in    all    its    phases    and    from 


different  points  of  view,  and  much  illumina- 
tion is  thrown  on  most  of  the  difficulties 
that  present  themselves  in  practical  instruc- 
tion. Nor  is  there  any  shirking  of  the  deeper, 
more  spiritual  problems  that  beset  the 
thorny  questions  of  religious  education. 
The  essays  entitled  '  Mothers  and  Sons 
and  '  Reverence  '  suggest  possibilities  ot 
solution  by  sane  persons  of  goodwill  and 
"  de  bonne  foy,"  and  at  the  same  time 
convince  us  that  such  possibilities  tend  to 
vanish  amid  the  tumult  of  discordant 
parties  and  the  din  of  political  strife 

Germane  to  the  moral  rather  than  the 
material  side  of  the  teaching  and  training  of 
children  is  '  Gaiety  in  Education,  the 
subject  of  a  charming  essay— a  ''study  in 
Augustine  and  Calvin."  It  would  be  well 
for  pupils  and  teachers  alike  if  the  spirit  of 
this  essay  pervaded  our  educational  systems. 
Rooper  possessed  in  no  small  measure  two 
of  a  teacher's  most  valuable  gifts— wide 
human  sympathy  and  a  keen  sense  ot 
humour;  so  that  from  his  writings  Mr. 
Tatton  has  been  able  to  compile  a  volume 
which  should  be  carefully  read  by  candidates 
for  a  teacher's  diploma,  and  copies  of  which 
should  occupy  prominent  positions  on  the 
bookshelves  in  training  colleges. 


The  Journal  of  Education  (Rice)  is  now 
a  well-established  institution.  The  800  odd 
pages  of  Vol.  XXIX.  (for  1907)  form  a 
valuable  consoectus  of  the  educational 
activities  of  the  year,  and  reference  is  made 
easy  and  ceitain  by  a  capital  index.  This 
we  have  tested  on  certa'n  subjects,  and 
found  to  be  complete.  Among  other  valu- 
able series  is  one  which  has  a  very  practical 
interest  for  teachers,  namely,  that  entitled 
'  Idola  Pulpitorum,'  illustrating  the  pitfalls 
of  the  teachers  of  different  subjects.  This 
volume  takes  the  series  from  No.  III.  to 
No.  XL,  including  English,  French,  Science, 
Nature  Study,  History,  Physical  Training, 
Drawing,  Domestic  Science,  and  Geometry. 
The  Journal  of  Education,  which  Mr.  F. 
Storr  has  so  long  and  so  ably  edited,  is  too 
well  known  as  a  trustworthy  and  representa- 
tive educational  organ  to  need  further 
notice. 

FOR  SCHOOLS  AND  STUDENTS. 

A   series   of  small   and  prettily  printed 
books  in  French  was  announced  a  year  or 
two  ago  by  Mr.  Dent  under  the  title  "  Les 
Classiques  Francais,  publics  sous  la  direction 
de     M.     Daniel     S.      O'Connor."      Several 
volumes,    on   the   whole   well   chosen,    have 
appeared.     We    now    receive    from    Messrs. 
Bell  &  Co.  the  first  volume  of  a  new  series, 
entitled  "  Les  Classiques  Francais  Dlustres, 
publies  sous  la  direction  de  Darnel  O'Connor. 
The  similarity  of  titles  is  likely  to  be  con- 
fusing,  and  it  should  be  pointed  out  that 
the  books  differ  much  in  size  and  appearance 
the  former  being  small  and  dainty,  and  of 
the  size  to  accommodate  '  Adolphe,'  while 
the  latter  are  large  volumes,  with  illustrations 
which  might  easily  have  been  more  intrusive 
upon  the  text,  the  first  volume  being  one 
of    the   masterpieces   of   George    Sand,    Les 
Maitres    Sonneurs.     It    is    preceded    by    an 
unimportant   preface   by   M.    Faguet ;     and 
'  La  Mare  au  Diable  '  and   '  Les  Chouans 
are    announced    for   immediate  publication. 
It  is  a  little  difficult  to  seo  the  aim  or  inten- 
tion of  a  series  in  which  the  '  Dominique 
of  Fromentin  _  the  only  novel t\ .      Are  the 
volumes  to  bo  bought  for  their  illustrations  ? 
The    type,    certainly,    of    this    five-shilling 
book    is    better    than    that    of    the    3fr.    60 
French    original,    and     it    lias    gaudily    gilt 
covers,  which  may  plor   -  the   English  eye. 
But  why  French  novels       ould  be  presented 
to  us  in  the  form  of  gift-books  is  not  clear. 


Another  series  which  is  wholly  commend- 
able  in  aim,  and  on  the  whole  excellently 
carried  out,  is  that  of  M.  Delbos,  the  '  Oxford 
Higher   French   Series"    (Clarendon   Press). 
Each    volume    contains    a    carefully    edited 
text,  with  introduction  and  notes,  sometimes 
written   in   English,   sometimes    in  French. 
The  three  new  volumes  contain  a  selection 
of  the  poems  of  Auguste  Barbier,   a  selec- 
tion   from    '  La    Legende    des    Siecles      of 
Victor  Hugo,   and  five  of  the  finest  short 
stories     of     Prosper     Merimee.     The     last, 
which  is  edited  by  Mr.  J.  E.  Michell,  is  the 
most   welcome   and   the   most   competently 
annotated.     The  Introduction  is  an  admir- 
able piece  of  criticism.     Hugo  is  represented 
at  his  greatest,  in  the  poems  chosen  out  ot 
the  whole  series  of  the  '  Legende  des  Siecles    ; 
and    Auguste    Barbier    is    brought     clearly 
before  us   in  the  poems  selected  from   the 
'Iambes,'      'II      Pianto,'      and       '  Lazare. 
Barbier  is  little  known  in  England,  though 
one  of  his  books  is  entirely  devoted  to  the 
miseries  of  London.     His  work  is  that  of  a 
humanitarian  rather   than   that   of   a  poet, 
and  its  vigour  carries  it  beyond  the  limits 
of  true  art.     When  he  succeeds,  he  succeeds, 
as  Baudelaire  said  of  him,  in  spite  of  himself, 
the  genuine  poetic  impulse  breaking  through 
"lesouci   perpetuel   et    exclusif  d'exprimer 
des  pensees  honnetes  ou  utiles." 

Poesies  choisies  de  Andre  Chenier.     Edited 
by     Jules     Derocquigny.-Poc.sies     choisies 
de  Francois  Coppee.     Edited  by  Leon  Delbos. 
(Oxford,   Clarendon   Press.)— The    idea  and 
general    outline    of    the    "Oxford    Higher 
French  Series,"   edited  by  M.  Leon  Delbos, 
are  equally   admirable   and   original.      One 
of    the    volumes,     Stendhal's     '  Racine    et 
Shakspeare,'  has   long  been  out  of  print  in 
France,  and  few  books  of  French  criticism 
more   deserve   to    be   made   accessible       lo 
find   Flaubert's    '  Salammbo  '    as    a   school- 
book   is   as   reasonable   as   it   is   surprising, 
and  one  of  the  volumes  last  issued,  '  Poesies 
choisies    de    Andre    Chenier,'     can     hardly 
fail   to   do   something   to   acquaint    English 
readers  with  one  of  the  rarest  French  poets, 
who  is  certainly  no  better  known  in  England 
than   Keats   is"  known  in  France.     Chenier 
has  been  defined  as  the  last  of  the  Classics 
and  as   the  first  of   the   Romantics;     in  a 
sense,    he    is    both.     "  La    facture    de    son 
vers  "  Leconte  de  Lisle  said  of  him  not  less 
than    sixty    years    ago,    "la    coupe    de    sa 
phrase    pittoresque    et    energique,    ont    tait 
de  ses  poemes  une  ceuvre  nouvelleetsavante 
d'une    melodie    entierement    ignoree,    dun 
eclat  inattendu."     He  reminds  us  at  times 
of  Landor,  at  times  of  Catullus  ;    he  warms 
the  frigidities  of  his  period  with  a  new  flame 
of  life      Hugo  found  in  his  style    something 
"  incorrect,  parfois  barbare,"  and  welcomed 
it       The   last   of   the   Parnassians,    Heredia, 
spent  his  later  years  in  the  preparation— 
never  brought  to  an  end— of  an  edition  of 
the  '  Bucoliques,'    which  he  loved  with  the 
fervour  of  a  craftsman  recognizing  a  crafts- 
man.    And     now     Chenier     exists,     incon- 
testable  and   uncontested,    a   Vigny    before 

his  time.  ,.  . 

M  Derocquigny's  selection  from  the  scat- 
tered and  often  unfinished  poems  of  Chenier 
is  done  with  skill  and  taste,  and  his  notes 
are  brief  and  to  the  point,  concerned  with 
just  those  difficulites  which  really  exist  in 
the  text  A  better  editor  could  not  have 
been  found,  and  M.  Delbos,  it  is  evident, 
ohoosea  both  his  books  and  his  editors  with 

discretion.  . 

For  his  personal  work  there  is  less  to  be 
said  To  turn  from  Chenier  to  Coppee 
is  a  little  disheartening,  especially  when 
we  are  told  that  the  author  of  '  Les  Humbles 
occupies  a  place  winch  is  "une  des  plus 
distingueea  parmi  lea  grands  poetes  du 
XIX"    siecle."      M.    Coppee    is    among    the 


I 


T  II  K     AT  II  KX.K  T  M 


No. 


4186,  Jan. 


18,  L908 


•  »i»it-  writers  "i  <•  •  rM  :   1)'"  has  ft  wide 
audi. -II-. •.   more  or  less  like  tluit  of   Long- 

fellow    in    England    or    America  ;     and    then- 

would  be  no  great  harm  in  putting  ft  selection 
of  iii,  h.'st  pieces  into  the  hands  of  young 
Btadenta  of  [Trench.  But  it  ■  positively 
harmful  to  assure  these  students  that  a 
ond-ratoe  poet  is  ■  poet  of  the  highest 
rank.  Nor  is  M.  Delbos  more  certain  m 
his  prosody  than  in  liis  literary  judgment. 

"  Verse  incorrectly  read,"  as  he  justly 
azures  us.  "  loses  at  once  its  rhythm,  and 
is  no  longer  poetry  "  ;  and  he  confirms  his 
statement  by  telling  us  to  accentuate  the 
Bret  part  of  the  line 

I)  uis  one  .  liuiilne  oil  111:1  f.intaisie  t/touffiit 

after  this  manner  : — 

I  Vim—  u — ne—  cham— bre — oil, 

"  thus  making,"  as  he  says,  "six  syllables," 
but,  as  he  does  not  see,  leaving  seven 
syllables  to  be  accounted  for  in  the  second 
half  of  the  line  of  twelve. 

Victor  Hugo's  Selected  Poems.  Edited 
by  H.  W.  Eve.  (Cambridge,  University 
Press. ) — This  selection  is  intended  to  smooth 
the  many  difficulties  presented  to  English 
schoolboys  by  modern  French  poetry. 
Not  the  least  attractive  feature  of  the  book 
is  the  rich  variety  of  subjects  with  which 
the  poems  deal,  though  naturally  history 
claims  the  first  place.  The  well-known 
plan  of  the  "  Pitt  Press  Series  "  is  adopted, 
the  Introduction  containing  an  account 
of  the  life  and  literary  work  of  Hugo,  while 
the  notes,  both  historical  and  critical,  are 
not  too  long  to  be  useful. 

Elegeia  :  Passages  for  Latin  Elegiac  Verse. 
By  C.  H.  St.  L.  Russell.  (Macmillan  &  Co.) 
— Mr.  Russell,  who  is  known  as  a  good  writer 
of  Latin  verse,  here  offers  a  manual  of  elegiac 
verse  composition  which  seems  to  us  some- 
what better  than  any  similar  book  at  present 
on  the  market.  It  contains  about  50  pages 
of  hints  on  composition,  divided  under 
158  headings  ;  then  follow  140  pages  of 
passages  for  translation,  with  some  attempt 
at  gradation,  at  any  rate  at  the  beginning 
and  the  end  ;  and  finally  100  pages  of  an 
excellent  English-Latin  gradus.  The  whole 
gives  abundant  evidence  that  the  writer 
is  an  experienced  and  skilful  teacher  of  the 
subject.  We  agree  entirely  with  him  that 
the  next  stage  after  "  nonsense  verses  " 
should  be  the  translation  of  real  English 
verse.  This  at  first  need  not  be  of  a  high 
order,  and  should  be  in  small  instalments  ; 
but  the  teaching  should  centre  round  the 
application  of  some  twenty  or  thirty  obvious 
artifices  consciously  adopted  by  such  Latin 
poets  as  Ovid.  The  first  ten  exercises — 
in  which  the  pupil  is  set  to  expand  into 
couplets  such  ideas  as  "  The  sun  rises, 
Night  departs,"  "  The  woods  grow  dark, 
The  sun  sinks,"  "  The  winds  blow,  The  waves 
rage,"  &c. — are  just  the  thing.  There 
might  with  advantage  have  been  more  of 
them.  Coming  to  the  section  on  hints, 
we  find  here  all  the  "  dodges  "  with  which 
several  Latin  verse  books  have  made  us 
familiar ;  but  they  are  well  stated  and 
exemplified,  and  the  right  things  are  empha- 
sized. Some  points  we  do  not  remember 
to  have  seen  embodied  in  such  hints  before, 
and  the  few  cautions  given  on  the  treatment 
of  metaphor  are  judicious.  Mr.  Russell 
knows  thoroughly  well  where  young  verse- 
writers  go  wrong,  as,  for  instance,  the  mis- 
placing of  que,  and  the  mingling  of  two 
co-ordinate  clauses.  On  p.  47,  where  he 
writes  about  a  molossus  "  in  the  fifth  foot, 
and  last  half  of  the  fourth,"  he  intends  to 
say  the  fourth  and  latter  half  of  the  third. 

But  in  spite  of  these  favourable  points, 
we  think  that  a  really  good  teaching  book 
on  Latin  elegiacs  is  yet  to  be  written.  We 
desiderate  first  a  definite  method,  and  second, 


mors  knowledge  of  tin-  actual  usage  of  tin- 
Latin  elegiac  poets.  The  first  i^  She  mow 
important  matter.  Here  we  have  168  sec- 
tions of  hints,  and  of  course  in  the  p,i 

there     are     references     to     these     hint-.       I'.ut 

one  piece  refers  to  section  <i,  the  next  to  119. 
What  teachers  really  want  is  an  arrangement 
(as   logical   as   circumstances   will    permit) 

of  such  hints  under  some  fifteen  to  twenty 

comprehensive  bondings,  and  then  passages 

arranged  so  that  one  or  two  points  at  a 
time  shall  be  steadily  and  persistently 
driven  home.  Mr.  Russell  must  be  aware 
how  few  of  these  principles  that  he  has 
clearly  stated  can  be  grasped  by  a  boy 
in  a  term,  or  even  in  a  year.  The  constant 
turning  over  of  these  fifty  pages  to  find 
the  right  hint  will  not,  we  are  confident, 
prove  such  a  good  method  as  the  selection 
for  a  term's  work  of  some  dozen  points 
to  be  got  home,  and  the  adaptation  of  small 
pieces  of  English  verse  to  the  teaching  of 
these  points. 

The  second  matter  concerns  the  teacher, 
perhaps,  more  than  the  taught,  for  in  looking 
over  composition  how  many  doubts  teachers 
are  liable  to  as  to  what  is  the  usage  of  Ovid 
or  Propertius  in  such  or  such  a  matter ! 
There  is  not  enough  certainty  in  English 
scholarship  on  such  points  of  usage,  and  un- 
doubtedly there  is  an  opening  here  for  a 
useful  piece  of  work.  Mr.  Russell  himself 
suffers  from  this.  In  section  59  he  touches 
very  lightly  on  the  subject  of  poetic  plurals, 
merely  stating  that  we  must  go  cautiously  : 
"  Thus,  while  pectora  may  stand  for  'pectus,' 
corda  may  not,  I  think,  be  put  for  '  cor.'  " 
Now  there  are  some  150  poetic  plurals 
available  for  elegiac  verse,  and  a  list  of 
50  or  60  of  the  more  common  would  have 
been  very  useful  at  this  point.  Nor  can 
we  agree  with  Mr.  Russell's  acceptance  of 
pectora  and  rejection  of  corda.  The  facts 
as  to  corda  are  that  while  Catullus  uses  only 
the  singular,  Virgil  and  Ovid  use  the  plural 
in  a  singular  sense.  For  Virgil  Mr.  Russell 
may  be  referred  to  Maas,  538  sq.;  for  Ovid, 
to  '  Tristia,'  III.  ii.  16,  cegra  corda,  where 
he  is  referring  to  himself  ;  and  168,  perfida 
corda,  where  he  is  referring  to  his  enemy. 
He  rarely  uses  the  singular,  except  to  secure 
a  short  syllable  before  a  vowel,  as  in  P.,  I.  iii. 
32,  molle  cor  (vowel).  We  give  only  one  in- 
stance out  of  many  to  show  the  need  of 
certainty  on  numerous  points  of  elegiac 
usage.  However,  if  Mr.  Russell  has  not 
risen  much  above  the  level  of  existing 
manuals  on  Latin  elegiac  verse,  we  ought 
not  to  complain,  but  rather  to  congratulate 
him  on  making  some  appreciable  advance. 

An  Introduction  to  Latin  Prose,  by  G.  W. 
Mitchell  (Toronto,  the  Macmillan  Company  ; 
London,  Macmillan),  is  a  useful  little  book, 
well  graduated  and  arranged. 

Chaucer's  Canterbury  Talcs  :  The  Nun's 
Priest's  Tale.  Edited  by  Alfred  W.  Pollard. 
(Macmillan.) — In  his  otherwise  extremely 
able  Introduction  to  this  excellent  edition 
of  the  tale  of  Chauntecleer  and  Pertelote, 
Mr.  Pollard,  we  think,  strives  unnecessarily 
to  refute  what  he  conceives  to  be  the  views 
of  Tyrwhitt  and  Ten  Brink  as  to  its  borrowed 
origin.  So  far  as  we  remember,  neither  of 
those  scholars  has  asserted  or  implied  that 
Chaucer  was  in  this  case  "  writing  with 
books  in  front  of  him"  seeing  that  the  former 
only  says  that  the  Tale  is  "  clearly  borrowed 
from  a  collection  of  ^Esopean  and  other 
fables  by  Marie,  a  French  poetess,"  while 
the  latter  considers  it  evidently  in  connexion 
with  the  '  Roman  de  Renart  ' — statements 
not  incompatible  respectively  with  the 
contention  here  put  forward,  that  the  poet 
was  drawing  from  memory.  In  any  case 
the  germ  of  the  tale  may  be  said  to  have 
been  borrowed  without   belittling  Chaucer's 


memory.     Mr.    Pollard    bases    hi  on 

tin-  RUcamsrc  US.  with  oertain  alterasi 
and  Us  notes  arc  adequate  and  useful  when- 

points  of  language  or  allusi.  I    :    .// 

the  unlearnt  id  ;  i  -ut  >  apt  to  discourse 

concerning  matters  which  should  be  evident 

to  any  reader  of  intelligence,  as  in  the  note 
on     "and     hcrtOS     sufhsaunce  "     (1.      1029  . 
which    begins,    "  It    is    wonderful    how   these 
words    light    u])    their    context."      I  )r.    .1 
Payne  contrihutes  a  brief  appendix  on 
subject  of   Dame   Pertelote'B  comments  on 
the  drcftin   of  her  spouse,   dealing  with    I 
"Four     Humours"     and     their     remedies; 
while  a  second  appendix  gives  the  sources 
of  the  dream  stories  that  occur  in  the  Tale. 
There    are    also    some    brief    examples    of 
Chaucer's  grammar,  and  a  full  Glossary. 

The  Groundwork  of  English  History. 
M.  E.  Carter.  (Clive.) — Candidates  at  the 
London  University  Matriculation  Examina- 
tion are  required  to  show  in  their  English 
paper  a  knowledge  of  "  the  salient  tacts 
of  English  history."  The  compiler  of  the 
volume  before  us  has  exercised  much  judg- 
ment in  her  selection  of  what  she  de> 
to  be  the  salient  facts  ;  but  as  to  whether 
the  London  examiners  would  be  satisfied 
with  the  somewhat  meagre  history  here 
recorded  we  have  grave  doubts. 

English  Composition  and  Essay  Writing, 
by  W.  S.  Thomson,  has  reached  a  seventh 
edition  (Simpkin  &  Marshall),  which  is 
enlarged  and  revised.  Mr.  Thomson  gives 
specimen  essays,  and  deals  with  errors  in 
style,  construction,  and  language.  The 
wealth  of  examples  from  well-known  modern 
writers  affords  much  interesting  matter. 
We  should  say  that  the  book  was  excellent 
for  examination  purposes,  but  we  cannot 
regard  it  as  a  guide  to  the  best  English. 
When  Mr.  Thomson  remarks  that  the  word 
"  folk-lore  is  now  fairly  re-established,"  he 
•seems  to  regard  it  as  an  old  word,  whereas 
it  was  the  excellent  invention  of  Thorns,  the 
first  editor  of  Notes  and  Queries.  As  an 
example  of  foreign  words  used  "  when  native 
words  may  be  found  to  express  the  same 
meaning,"  Mr.  Thomson  includes:  "Her 
conduct  was  very  outre  {sic.)  and  bizarre 
(gushing  and  vulgar),"  and  "  You  are  almost 
as  necessary  to  her  as  her  dachshunds 
(badger-pups)."  These  definitions  seem  to 
us  wildly  wrong,  while  others  are  certainly 
deficient. 

Prof.  Earle  W.  Dow  has  prepared  an 
Atlas  of  European  History  (Bell),  which 
should  be  an  excellent  guide  to  the  learner 
of  history.  The  range  of  the  book  is  wide, 
the  thirty-two  maps  beginning  with  '  The 
Ancient  Eastern  Empires,'  and  ending  with 
'  Contemporary  Europe.' 

In  The  Elements  of  the  Geometry  of  the  Con  ic. 
by  G.  H.  Bryan  and  R.  H.  Pinkerton 
(Dent  &  Co.),  the  properties  of  the  conic 
are  treated  as  completely  as  is  possible 
without  the  introduction  of  analytical 
geometry,  and  the  authors  have  laid  special 
stress  on  those  parts  of  the  subject  that  are 
requisite  for  success  in  higher  mathematics 
and  physics.  A  new  feature  in  an  elementary 
textbook  is  the  chapter  dealing  "  with 
certain  curves  occurring  in  applied  mathe- 
matics," wherein  the  student  will  find 
presented  with  commendable  simplicity 
the  properties  of  the  catenary,  cycloid, 
cardioid,  &c.  Much  instruction  is  condensed 
in  small  compass,  while  all  the  proofs  are 
short  and  lucid. 


OUR    LIBRARY   TABLE. 

The  Social  Fetich.  By  Lady  Grove. 
(Smith,  Elder  &  Co.)— Vulgarity,  it  has 
been  wisely  and  wittily  said,  is  the  behaviour 
of  other  people.      This    book  is  an  indict- 


No.  4186,  Jan.  18,  1908 


THE     ATHENAEUM 


73 


ment  of  some  of  the  defects  of  speech  and 
faults  of  manner  of  the  "  other  people." 
How  seriously  the  author  takes  her  own 
warnings,  reproofs,  and  counsel,  or  how 
seriously  her  readers  will  take  them,  who 
can  tell  ?  To  speak  well,  pronounce  cor- 
rectly, and  behave  pleasingly  seems  to 
some  of  us  an  inherited  and  uncon- 
scious instinct,  the  only  true  guides  to  its 
attainment  being  time  and  good  associa- 
tions. But  there  is  a  kind  of  person  who, 
strives  in  all  good  faith  and  hope  to  follow 
the  ways  of  the  "  best  people,"  as  Thackeray 
called  them.  If  the  imitators  of  ideals 
to  which  they  were  not  born  have  innocently 
joyed  in  the  possession,  the  beauty,  or  the 
utility  of  such  objects  as  tea-cosies,  napkinr 
rings,  knife-rests,  &c,  they  are  now  publicly 
convicted  of  sin.  Such  things  are  formally 
declared  "  beyond  the  pale."  Cosy-corners 
are  probably  implicitly,  though  not  actually, 
condemned.  To  the  earnest  student  diffi- 
culties are  presented.  How,  for  instance, 
in  common  family  life,  can  his  own  napkins 
be  known  to  the  aspirant  after  better  things 
any  more  than  the  lover  minus  his  cockle 
hat  and  shoon  in  the  old  song  ?  And  the 
detested  knife-rest,  must  this  support  go 
too  ?  It  is  a  mainstay  in  many  worthy 
German  households,  and  for  those  who, 
in  our  own  country,  have  to  carve,  not 
only  their  own  fortunes,  but  also  their 
own  dinners.  Such  counsels  of  perfection 
are  not  for  the  first  comer.  Why  dazzle, 
or  sadden,  the  "  other  people  "  by  revela- 
tions of  the  enormous  differences  in  human 
destinies  ?  Let  these  be  taken  for  granted, 
nor  too  closely  examined. 

The  most  captious  reader  cannot,  how- 
ever, fail  to  agree  with  some  of  the  judg- 
ments on  pronunciation  of  words.  To  pro- 
nounce not  perfectly,  but  fairly,  is  an  ideal 
within  the  reach  of  most  educated  and 
observant  men  and  women.  The  current 
pronunciation  of  many  words  is  justly 
condemned.  And  others  not  mentioned, 
but  heard  in  unexpected  places — such  as 
"  year  "  for  ear,  "  a  tome  "  for  at  home, 
"  reconise,"  and  so  forth — rise  unbidden 
to  one's  mind.  The  author  fears  that 
certain  commercial  terms  may  be  creeping 
into  "  the  home  "  ;  but  some  of  those  cited 
are  too  much  the  exclusive  property  of  the 
shop-walker  to  be  dreaded.  One  might 
as  well  expect  to  be  wounded  in  the  house 
of  a  friend  by  the  mention  of  an  "  occasional 
chair  "  or  a  "  sample  of  merv  "  as  "  hose," 
"  couches,"  or  "  mantles."  They  belong  to 
the  counter,  and  one  hopes  they  will  stay 
there.  A  great  many  other  modern  in- 
stances of  faulty  expressions  and  faulty 
manners  are  given.  The  example  on  p.  32 
relating  to  a  common  grammatical  mistake 
is  not  a  case  in  point. 

The  book  contains  many  well-known 
stories.  One  at  least  is  rendered  unfamiliar 
by  the  telling.  But  that  is  often  so  ;  the 
best-known  stories  have  the  most  variations 
on  the  main  theme.  One  prefers  the 
original  context  and  telling.  Though  on 
general  grounds  the  use  of  social  utterances 
may  bo  questioned,  spoken  discussion  is 
not  always  unpleasant.  It  often  enough 
raises  an  amusing  and  interesting  point, 
and  the  conversation  can  be  directed  into 
another  channel  should  it  grow  tedious  or 
annoying.  In  black  and  white  it  has 
a  too  authoritative  and  portentous  air. 
"  Glissez,  mortels ;  n'appuyez  pas,"  may 
be  quoted  as  germane  to  the  subject,  though 
the  present  volume  has  not  been  much 
influenced  by  it. 

Mr.  Owen  Wister's  The  Seven  Ages  of 
Washington  (Macmillan)  forms  a  pretty 
volume,  possessing  obvious  merits,  but  open 
to  criticism  if  considered,  to  use  the  author's 
words,  as  "  a  full-length  portrait  of  Washing- 


ton, with  enough  of  his  times  to  see  him 
clearly  against."  The  short  list  of 
"  authorities "  modestly  described  in  the 
Preface  as  "  noted  in  a  table  at  the  end," 
but  there  erroneously  magnified  into 
'  Bibliography,'  shows  a  narrow  field  of 
reading.  Yet  this  is  no  sufficient  explana- 
tion of  shortcoming,  for  "  his  own  writings 
are  the  material."  A  better  "  portrait " 
could  have  been  drawn  by  the  use  only  of 
the  letters.  Sir  George  Trevelyan's  third 
volume  (noticed  in  The  Athenceum  of 
November  2nd  last)  contains,  indeed,  as  it 
were  by  chance,  a  perfect  account  of  the 
character  and  military  life  of  Washington. 
The  Briton  is  less  fair  to  the  British  than 
is  our  American  author.  He  is,  however, 
more  just  towards  the  French.  Mr.  Wister 
gives  all  his  energy  to  the  demolition  of 
Jefferson,  and  puts  Lafayette  in  the  back- 
ground, while  he  omits  Guizot  from  the 
'  Bibliography.'  Washington  was  at  one 
time  ridiculed  by  a  section  of  the  American 
people  as  "  the  idol."  Lafayette,  to  whom 
the  same  term  was  applied  in  France  in 
the  same  fashion,  has — unlike  Washington — 
not  regained  his  universally  accepted  fame 
of  the  days  of  the  Valley  Forge ;  but  no 
admirer  of  Washington  should  be  chary  of 
praise  of  the  hero's  adopted  "  son." 
Washington  was  right  to  be  neutral 
between  France  and  Britain  in  1793,  and 
to  prepare  to  command  the  army  of  the 
United  States  against  France  four  years 
later ;  but  the  France  of  Lafayette  saved 
the  spirit  or  Washington  in  his  dark  hour. 

Studies  in  Primitive  Greek  Religion,  by 
Rafael  Karsten,  is  issued  by  J.  Simelii  Arf- 
vingars  boktryckeriaktiebolag,  Helsingfors. 
The  writer  of  this  pamphlet — for  it  is 
hardly  more — is  a  Finnish  scholar  already 
known  to  the  world  as  the  author  of  an 
academical  dissertation  entitled  '  The  Origin 
of  Worship.'  In  his  former  work  (which 
was  something  of  a  fragment)  two  ideas 
were  given  special  prominence :  firstly,  that 
the  religious  sense  is  awakened  by  the 
mysterious  or  supernatural ;  secondly,  that 
primitive  religion  is  inspired  by  fear  rather 
than  by  love.  These  same  two  notions 
provide  the  pegs  on  which  the  present 
study  is  hung.  The  standpoint  of  a  purely 
individual  psychology  is  nowhere  tran- 
scended. There  is  no  perception  of  the  pre- 
eminently social  character  of  all  religion. 
Such  points  as  are  made  hold  good  only  as 
against  the  mythological  school,  which  dead 
horse  Dr.  Karsten  flogs  almost  with 
brutality,  stigmatizing  as  "  futile  "  the  work 
of  we  know  not  how  many  distinguished 
Germans.  For  us,  too,  the  apostles  of  the 
sun-myth  are  wrong ;  but  we  maintain 
that  the  study  of  myth  must  be  subordinated 
to  the  study  of  ritual  (as  Robertson  Smith 
pointed  out  long  ago),  not  to  the  study  of 
what  some  hypothetical  savage-mind-in-the- 
abstract  is  likely  to  feel  in  the  presence  of  a 
queer-shaped  stock  or  stone.  We  do  not 
deny  that  the^sense  of  the  mysterious  and 
the  element  of  dread  are  forces,  though  by 
no  means  the  sole  forces,  at  work  in  early 
religion  ;  but  they  do  not  in  themselves 
amount  to  religion,  which  consists  in  the 
social  exploitation  of  sundry  vague  impulses 
that  the  process  itself  invests  with  the 
distinctively  religious  meaning  and  form. 
If,  however,  the  exegetic  value  of  the  essay 
is  not  high,  the  collection  of  facts  will  be 
found  useful,  especially  in  their  bearing 
on  that  fetichistic  side  of  Greek  religion 
which  has  been  recently  illustrated  by  Miss 
Jane  Harrison,  Dr.  de  Visser,  and  others. 
The  book  teems  with  misprints,  but  we 
must  not  be  too  hard  on  a  Finnish  writer 
publishing  in  English  through  a  Finnish 
press. 


Russian  and  Bulgarian  Folk-lore  Stories. 
Translated  by  W.  W.  Strickland.  (G. 
Standring.) — We  are  afraid  that  Mr.  Strick- 
land's book  of  translations  from  Karel 
Erben  is  somewhat  belated.  He  seems 
to  forget  the  great  strides  which  Slavonic 
folk-lore  and  folk-tales  have  made  since 
the  publication  of  Ralston's  book.  The 
best  stories  have  been  translated  over  and 
over  again,  and  have  appeared  both  in 
scientific  and  popular  works.  Collections 
have  been  issued  with  all  the  authority 
of  Government  publications,  as  in  Bulgaria. 
The  scanty  details  of  Slavonic  mythology 
have  been  carefully  scrutinized.  The  plums 
of  Erben's  book  were  picked  by  the  late  Mr. 
Wratislaw,  who  published  a  pretty  volume  of 
the  best  tales.  Mr.  Strickland,  unless  we  are 
greatly  mistaken,  does  not  mention  Wratis- 
law's  book,  which  appeared  about  twenty 
years  ago.  The  tales  are  well  translated 
in  the  present  work,  but  we  cannot  always 
approve  of  the  strong  language  used  in  the 
notes.  Mr.  Strickland  seems  to  be  nuining 
amok  against  institutions  and  individuals. 
The  misprints  are  bad  ;  e.g.,  "  bohumiles  " 
for  bogomiles,  "  Shember  "  (bis)  for  Sembera, 
and  "  Pater  "  for  Patera,  the  scholar  who 
detected  the  forgeries  in  the  '  Mater  Ver- 
borum '  codex.  Erben's  book  was  good 
for  its  time,  but  perhaps  the  preface,  with 
his  views  of  the  Slavonic  languages  and 
dialects — we  must  be  careful  how  we  use 
the  latter  word — is  somewhat  out  of  date. 
We  have  now  Vondrak's  theories  on  the 
subject  in  the  Introduction  to  his  '  Old 
Slavonic  Grammar.' 

How  to  Collect  Postage  Stamps.  By 
Bertram  T.  K.  Smith.  (Bell  &  Sons.)— We 
suppose  it  is  vain  at  this  time  of  day  to 
protest  against  the  extravagances  and 
absurdities  involved  in  the  mania  for  collect- 
ing. There  is  no  doubt  some  interest  to 
be  obtained  by  the  intelligent  collection 
of  stamps,  and  possibly  they  may  prove 
of  some  use  historically  in  other  ages.  But 
philatelists  have  long  gone  past  moderation, 
and  treat  stamps  as  if  they  were  of  intrinsic 
value.  The  collection  of  things  because 
they  have  different  watermarks,  or  are  in 
larger  or  smaller  sets,  or  because  their 
perforation  consists  of  this  number  or  that 
number  of  holes,  proceeds,  regardless  of  time 
and  money.  But  if  any  one  is  anxious  to 
learn  the  rules  of  an  absurd  game,  this 
book  by  Mr.  Bertram  Smith  is  as  good  a 
handbook  as  we  can  conceive. 

Hustled  History,  by  the  authoi  s  of  'Wisdom 
while  You  Wait '  (Pitman),  parodies  some 
recent  journalistic  enterprise  by  a  series  of 
historical  episodes  in  a  modern  setting. 
The  hits  seem  to  us  for  the  most  part  both 
fair  and  witty,  though  they  need  an  extensive 
knowledge  of  current  journalism  to  be 
appreciated.  The  illustrations  and  comic 
advertisements  are  amusing,  like  the  text. 
We  do  not  always  admire  the  taste  of  the 
authors,  but  to  produce  a  hurdred  pages 
of  "  topical  "  jests  is  a  feat  in  itself. 

We  have  received  the  New  Year  issues 
of  Whitaker's  Almanack  and  Whitaker's 
Peerage,  &c.  (12,  Warwick  Lane),  well- 
established  annuals  which  need  no  com- 
mendation. 

The  second  volume  of  "The  Humanist- 
Library,"  Erasmus  against  War,  is  a  good 
specimen  of  the  work  of  the  Merrymount 
Press,  Boston.  The  typo  is  one  of  the  beat 
founts  that  we  have  seen,  and  the  Introduc- 
tion by  Prof.  Mackail  is  both  attractive  and 
informing,  a  graceful  piece  of  prose,  and  a 
worthy  compliment  to  the  Tudor  translator. 
Erasmus  is,  wo  fear,  beyond  most  modern 
readers,  but  wo  hopo  this  fragment  of  his 
thought  may  induce  some  classical  BOholars 
at  least  to  turn  to  his  excellent  Latin. 


74 


T  II  K     AT  II  I.  N  .K  I'M 


NO.  4180,  -Ian.   18,   I 


ROBERT    ATKINSON. 

'I'm:  Fates  ur.'  gainst  Trinity  College, 
Dublin.  Her  great  men  are  bemg  swept 
away,   mostly    before   their   tunc,  and   the 

Epigoni  arc  o!     no    like    promise.        Salmon, 

George  FitzGereld,  Charfaa  July,  arc  gone] 
Bury  and  Robert  Bell  have  emigrated  ;  and 
now   Roberl   Atkinson  has  been  taken  from 

lis,    if   DOt   in    his    prime,    at   least    at    an    age 

beyond  which  many  have  been  able  to  add 

ten  yean  be   their  life's  record.      He  was  a 
man'  such    as    Universities,   and    they   only, 
oan    breed    and    foster — men    whose    chief 
glory   is    their   vast  and  accurate   knowledge 
and  their  sound  and    attractive   teaching — 
men     who    often    despise    speaking    to    the 
public     beyond     their     own     classes      and 
colleagues.      As     a    linguist    Atkinson    bad 
hardly    any    rival.     He   taugbt   with    equal 
success    Sanskrit,    Tamil,    Telegu,   most    of 
the  Romance  languages,  and  was  moreover 
an  adept  in  Russian,  Coptic,  and  mediaeval 
Irisb ;  while  recently  he  had  been  devoting 
his    leisure     to     Chinese.      This     catalogue 
sounds    like    romancing.      It  is  notbing  of 
the  kind.     All   that  he  professed  to  teach, 
he     taugbt     with     amazing     accuracy    and 
thoroughness.       His      pupils      in      Oriental 
languages,  now  among  the  highest  officials 
in    the    India    Civil    Service,  all    remember 
with    lifelong    gratitude    his    incomparable 
gifts     of     imparting     his      knowledge     and 
stimulating  his  pupils.     They  remained  his 
attached    friends    for    life.       His    pupils  in 
French  have  a  similar  story  to  tell.     Though 
he  came    from   Yorkshire,   he   was    one     of 
those  peculiar   men  whom  Trinity  College, 
Dublin,      trains,     or      acquires — who      are 
specialists  in  several  subjects,  and   masters 
in   them    all.     He   published  with  elaborate 
glossaries  more  than  one  of   the   old    Irish 
MSS.    in    the     Royal    Irish    Academy,    of 
which     he     became     President — the     most 
dignified    post    that    a    man     of     learning 
can    hold  in  Ireland,  for    it  has  never  yet 
been  made  a  prize   for  politicians,  and  no 
illiterate  man  has  ever  yet  been  appointed 
to    it.      His    Irish    work    of    course    called 
forth     criticism.      That     field     of     learning 
seems  to  have  the  peculiar  quality  of   the 
dragon's  teeth  in  the  Greek  fable.     But  he 
never     condescended     to     defend     himself, 
knowing   that   in  pioneer's   work  flaws  are 
inevitable,  and  confident  in  the  honesty  and 
usefulness  of  his  labour.     Twice  only  in  his 
life    his    chronic    hatred    of    incompetence 
burst   into    open    flame  at  seeing  men  edit 
books  which  they    could   not    read    in   the 
MS.    before   them,  and   on    both    occasions 
his    critique    was    never    to    be    forgotten. 
The    first   case  was  that  of   an  old  French 
*  Vie  de  St.  Aubain,'  the  second  that  of  a 
Coptic  homily  produced  from  the    French 
school  at  Cairo. 

The  withering  censure  of  these  articles 
contributed  not  a  little  to  the  revulsion  of 
the  feeling  with  which  his  College  was 
regarded  in  England,  passing,  as  it  has  done, 
from  good-humoured  contempt  to  respectful 
commendation.  The  little  men  at  Oxford  and 
Cambridge  (and  there  are  some)  came  to  see 
that  here  lay  a  dangerous  volcano,  whose 
eruption  might  make  havoc  of  their  preten- 
sions. But  possibly  he  caused  the  College  to 
be  as  much  overrated  now  as  it  was  under- 
rated of  old,  for  he  was  a  unique  specimen, 
and  the  knowledge  he  showed  of  old  French 
and  of  Coptic  was  indeed  a  solitary  light.  On 
these  two  remarkable  papers — one  published 
in  Hermathcna,  the  other  in  the  Proceedings 
of  his  Academy — his  fame  as  a  scholar 
stands  secure. 

Gifted  with  a  most  attractive  person- 
ality, a  noble  head  adorned  by  a  golden 
silky  beard,  with  a  figure  lithe  and  athletic, 
delicate    hands    and     feet,     and      in     fact 


with  every  external  stamp  of  refinement, 
in-  was  by   nature  a   proud  and   reserved 

man.  n«'t  seeking  general  company,  and  oven 

on  the  occasion  of  the  Dublin  Tercentenary 
of  1802  standing  aloof,  and  taking  no  part 
(as  he   should    have  dom  |  in    the  u  Itivtttfl  . 

for  be  represented  his  University  both  at 
Loyden    (1873)    and    Berlin    (1908)    on    like 

occasions.  But  to  the  few  friends  he  had 
chosen,  no  man  ever  showed  more  unflinching 
loyalty  and  more  continual  kindness. 
When  he  came  into  any  sympathetic  com- 
pany, the  torrent  of  his  conversation 
astonished  his  hearers,  and  caused  him  to 
shine  in  the  very  way  he  often  deprecated, 
for  lie  did  not  like  talkers,  unless  they  had 
good  or  great  things  to  say.  Yet  his  own 
conversation,  up  to  the  day  of  his  death, 
never  sank  below  this  high  level.  During 
his  last  week  he  was  discussing  Bousset's 
•  What  is  Religion  ?  '  with  wonderful  keen- 
ness and  appreciation.  All  the  political 
and  social  questions  of  the  day  caught  his 
attention,  though  his  body  was  wasting 
with  a  slow  disease,  the  result  of  forty 
years'  over-arduous  work.  Compelled  last 
summer  to  resign  his  duties,  and  confined  to 
his  house  and  garden,  he  seemed  still  to  have 
some  time  to  love,  and  be  loved  by,  those 
around  him,  when  death  came  upon  him 
suddenly,  silently  —  the  veiy  euthanasia 
which  he  often  hoped  for  as  the  happiest 
close  for  any  well-spent  life.  Though  ho 
was  not  seventy,  his  work  was  done  ;  his 
physical  enjoyments  were  gone,  but  no 
weakness  of  body  ever  dimmed  for  one 
moment  the  brilliant  "  candle  of  the  Lord  " 
within  him.  Heu  quanto  melius  est  tut 
meminisse,  quam  cum  aliis  versari. 

J.  P.  Mahaffy. 


NOTES    FROM    PARIS. 

The  news  of  Madame  Marcelle  Tinayre's 
"  decoration,"  making  her  a  "  chevalier  de 
la  Legion  d'Honneur,"  has  met  with  ironical 
commentary  from  our  journalists  and  the 
rivals  of  the  novelist.  "  Feminists  "  have 
used  her  first  exclamation  of  surprise  in 
order  to  try  to  make  us  believe  that  she 
has  refused  the  decoration.  They  have 
misrepresented  a  mere  "  movement "  of 
feminine  modesty  as  a  sign  of  refusal.  If, 
in  her  witty  letter  to  the  editor  of  Le  Temps, 
Madame  Marcelle  Tinayre  has  declared  that 
she  will  not  wear  the  ribbon,  it  is  merely 
because  she  dislikes  ostentation.  She  begs 
me  even  to  tell  you  that,  on  the  contrary, 
she  feels  highly  honoured  at  receiving  a 
favour  which  the  French  still  hold  in  esteem, 
especially  for  women,  as  there  are  so  few 
who  possess  this  distinction.  It  seems  sweet 
to  her  at  thirty-five  to  have  her  literary 
career  crowned  with  laurels  in  her  own 
country.  She  passed  through  a  painful 
early  period,  for  hardly  ten  years  ago  she 
was  obliged  to  accept  a  halfpenny  a  line  for 
her  stories  in  magazines.  Naturally,  what- 
ever people  may  say,  she  feels  a  legitimate 
pride  in  receiving  a  coveted  reward. 
She  will  not  wear  the  badge,  for  reasons  of 
discretion  which  many  Parisians  cannot 
understand,  but  which  will  be  clear  to  your 
readers. 

Two  books  by  Madame  Marcelle  Tinayre 
will  soon  appear:  '  L' Amour  qui  pleure' 
and  '  L' Ombre  de  1' Amour.'  The  former 
contains  four  long  stories — among  them 
'  Robert  Marie,'  published  in  the  Revue  de 
Paris,  and  '  La  Consolatrice,'  published  in 
V Illustration.  '  L' Ombre  de  1  Amour  '  will 
be  finished  at  an  early  date,  and  will  appear 
immediately  in  the  Revue  de  Paris.  I 
predict  for  it  success,  as  it  belongs  to  the 
same  series  as  the  *  Maison  du  Peche.'  It 
is  a  book  of  fine  and  tender  psychology,  the 


philosophy  of  which  b  contained  meshnpei 
"case  of  oonseienee.*<  Haas  the  author 
on   ■  ai     tin    •  ■•  ■  lot i'. n   of  pity  in  woman — 

pity  essentially  Christian,  born  of  martyr- 
dom.     Jiy  the  morbid  attraction  .  :'  -ill:--:. 

pity  changes  into  love,  thus  confirm 
English  adage,  "  Pity  is  akin  to  1<  Thai 

love  makes  a  mother  for.  ibec  duty  to 

herself  and  her  children.  Where  pity  ends, 
and  love  begins,  is  what  Madame  MarcHe 
Tinaj  re  trie-  to  show  in  b<  r  delightful  pa| 
not  the  least  cliarrn  of  which  will  be  the 
view  of  the  pea«ant  manners  and  customs 
of  her  beloved  Correze. 

C.   G. 


THE     INCORPORATED     ASSOCIATION 
OF    HEAD    MASTERS. 

The  Incorporated  Association  of  Head 
Masters  held  its  annual  general  meeting 
at  the  Guildhall  on  Thursday  and  Friday 
in  last  week.  There  was  a  good  attendance 
of  head  masters  from  all  parts  of  the  country, 
the  North  of  England  being  particularly 
well  represented. 

Mr.   R.  Cary  Gilson  (Birmingham)  in  hia 
presidential     address     asked     whether     the 
public    realized    the    extraordinary   din    in 
which   schoolmasters   were   trying   to   work 
at   the   present   time.     It    was    exaggerated 
and    competitive    emphasis — the    result    of 
a    multitude    of    counsellors    all    speaking 
at  once — that  did  so  much  to  darken  eoun-  ! 
All  this  noise  reminded  him  of  a  story  told 
of  a  temporary  master  at  Rugby,  as  to  whose 
h's  the  boys  professed  considerable  doubt. 
This  master  once  called  upon  a  boy  named 
Hall,  and  was  surprised  to  find   the  whole 
form    rising    and    construing    vociferously. 
He  was  far  from  saying  that  the  whole  of 
this   racket,    the   like   of   which    had   never 
been   heard   in   England,    was   mere   sound 
and  fury,  signifying  nothing  ;    but  he  pro- 
tested   against    the    amount    of    the    noise, 
and   the   key    in    which    much    of    it    was 
pitched.     On  the  whole,   however,   he  was 
sanguine    of    the     emergence    of    common 
sense.     As  to  the  problem  of  public  control, 
if    that    should    prove    insoluble,    it    would 
indeed  be  time  to  despair  of  the  republic, 
for  it  was  on  success  in  the  solution  of  such 
difficulties     that     our     national     reputation 
as  a  self-governing  people  was  built.     With 
regard    to    curriculum,    to     "  smiling,    pass 
the  question  by  "  was  the  proper  and  only 
possible   course   to   adopt   with    nine-tenths 
of  the  things  they  were  asked  to  do  or  not 
to  do  ;    but  the  remaining  one-tenth  must 
be   disentangled,   put   in   shape,    and    tried, 
not  in  the  debating  society,  but  in  the  school. 
Was  it  possible  to  feel  satisfied  that,  with 
all   our   machinery,   expenditure,    and   hard 
work,  we  were   producing   the  right  results 
on    the    right    boys  ?     Suppose    a    shrewd 
Englishman  of  a  past  generation,   with  no 
special  views  on  education,  but  with  a  keen 
interest  in  the  welfare  of  his  country,  were 
to   revisit   us,    he   would   see    an   alteration 
in  the  view  taken  by  the  majority  of  parents 
of  the  nature  and  extent  of  their  obligations 
to   the   rising    generation.     It   was   not    till 
the   upper   middle    class   was   reached    that 
there  was  to  be  seen  any  realization  of  the 
duty    of   parents    to    give    their    children   a 
start  in  some  definite  profession  or  occupa- 
tion.    The     tendency     to     put     the     whole 
responsibility    for    the    children's    future    on 
the  State  was  a  deplorably  bad  and  alarming 
sign   of   the   times.     Scholarships    were   too 
numerous.     The   true   object   was   to   appo- 
int ensive   culture   to   the   soil   which    would 
repay    it.     He    was    democratic    enough    to 
wish  to  see  the  right  son  of  the  collier  or 
chimney-sweep   sent  to    Eton  and   Oxford, 
and     into     Parliament     at     twenty-three  ; 
but  he  could  not  help  recognizing  that  the 


No.  4186,  Jan.  18,  1908 


THE     ATHENAEUM 


75 


present  system  did  very  little  in  this  direc- 
tion, while  it  turned  innumerable  good 
artisans  and  domestic  servants  into  very 
inferior  and  wretchedly  paid  clerks.  That 
was  the  problem  to  which  he  would  like  to 
direct  some  of  the  discussion  which  was 
at  present  devoted  to  details  of  curriculum 
and  fantastic  proposals  about  hygiene. 

A  vote  of  thanks  to  Dr.  Rendall  (Charter- 
house) for  his  services  as  President  during 
1907  having  been  passed,  the  revised 
Secondary  School  regulations  of  the  Board 
of  Education  were  considered.  On  the 
motion  of  Mr.  Chambers  (Lincoln),  whose 
speech,  however,  dealt  with  the  general 
question  of  modern  tendencies  in  education, 
it  was  resolved 

"  That  this  Association  welcomes  the  new  regula- 
tions for  Secondary  Schools,  so  far  as  they  remove 
restrictions  and  limitations  which  have  been  found 
detrimental  to  educational  progress  under  the 
previous  regulations." 

The  Rev.  W.  Madeley  (Woodbridge)  said 
that  if  it  was  desired  by  the  Board  of  Educa- 
tion to  revolutionize  the  whole  character 
of  Secondary  education,  their  proposals 
should  have  been  submitted  to  Parliament 
and  have  received  legislative  sanction. 
The  differentiation  of  grants  was  a  financial 
screw,  and  schools  were  faced  with  the 
alternatives  of  sacrificing  their  independence 
or  involving  themselves  in  hopeless  financial 
difficulties.  He  therefore  moved,  and  it 
was  carried,  that  this  Association  "  depre- 
cates the  employment  of  financial  pressure 
as  a  substitute  for  legislation." 

It  was  further  resolved — 

"  (a)  That  care  should  be  taken  to  prevent  the 
use  of  these  regulations  as  a  means  to  transform  the 
constitution  and  character  of  Secondary  Schools 
already  established  under  schemes. 

"  {b)  That  in  schools  established  under  schemes 
the  composition  and  rights  of  Governing  Bodies 
should  be  carefully  safeguarded  in  respect  of  regula- 
tions issued  from  time  to  time  by  the  Board  of 
Education,  and  of  action  taken  by  Local  Education 
Authorities. 

"  (c)  That  it  is  inexpedient  to  lay  down  a  fixed 
general  rule  as  to  the  proportion  of  free  places  that 
should  be  reserved  for  pupils  from  elementary 
schools,  and  that  free  places  in  public  Secondary 
Schools  hitherto  reserved  for  pupils  from  public 
elementary  schools  should  be  open  to  all  duly  quali- 
fied candidates,  irrespective  of  the  place  of  their 
previous  education. 

"  (d)  That  in  estimating  the  percentage  of  free 
places,  only  the  number  of  day-boys  admitted 
should  be  taken  into  account,  and  that  schools 
largely  or  wholly  dependent  upon  boarders  should 
not  be  placed  on  the  same  footing  as  schools  of  a 
more  purely  local  character." 

On  the  last  section,  which  was  moved 
by  Dr.  Rendall  (Charterhouse),  there  was 
considerable  discussion.  Dr.  Upcott 
(Christ's  Hospital)  objected  to  it  on  the 
ground  that  it  appeared  to  him  to  make 
an  invidious  distinction  between  the  presence 
of  the  elementary-school  boy  in  a  day-school 
and  in  a  boarding-school.  After  a  long 
experience  he  could  say,  "  Do  not  be  afraid 
of  the  public-elementary-school  boy  in  your 
boarding-schools."  Dr.  McClure  (Mill  Hill), 
however,  pointed  out  that  the  object  of 
the  motion  had  been  misunderstood.  It 
was  intended  to  safeguard  the  finances  of 
schools  composed  partly  of  day-boys  and 
partly  of  boarders  from  a  distance. 

On  the  motion  of  Mr.  Vaughan  (Giggles- 
wick)  it  was  agreed 

"That,  having  regard  to  the  case  of  Wright  v. 
Zetland,  this  Association  approves  of  the  action  of 
the  Council  in  the  appointment  of  a  Committee  to 
consider  with  a  similar  Committee  of  the  Incor- 
porated Association  of  Assistant  Masters  tho  best 
means  of  giving  to  assistant  masters  a  more  secure 
tenure  of  office." 

After  the  Board  of  Education  had,  on 
the   motion    of    Canon   Swallow    (Chigwell), 


been  thanked  for  its  readiness  to  deal  with 
the  question  of  the  unification  of  statistics 
required  from  head  masters  by  the  Board 
of  Education,  and  by  Local  Education 
Authorities,  the  reports  of  the  various 
committees  were  received.  The  only  one 
which  provoked  discussion  was  that  of  the 
Military  Training  Committee,  the  rejection 
of  which  was  moved  by  Dr.  Bevan  Lean 
(Sidcot),  on  the  ground  that  while  military 
training  might  or  might  not  have  a  place 
at  a  later  age,  the  most  suitable  physical 
culture  for  young  boys  lay  on  other  lines. 
The  motion,  however,  was  lost  by  a  large 
majority. 

The  proceedings  of  the  first  day  terminated 
with  the  re-election  of  Canon  Swallow  and 
Dr.  McClure  as  Hon.  Secretaries,  and  of 
Mr.  W.  G.  Rushbrooke  (St.  Olave's)  as  Hon. 
Treasurer. 

The  second  sitting  opened  with  a  lively 
debate  on  '  The  Registration  of  Teachers,' 
which  was  somewhat  remarkable  for  the 
unanimity  with  which  Column  B  of  the 
old  Register  was  condemned.  After  Dr. 
McClure  (Mill  Hill)  had  explained  the  present 
position,  the  Rev.  W.  Madeley  (Woodbridge) 
moved 

"  That  in  the  opinion  of  this  Association  the  pos- 
session of  the  degree  of  some  recognized  University, 
or  in  the  case  of  women  only  its  equivalent,  or  in 
the  case  of  teachers  of  modern  languages,  music, 
and  art,  some  similar  diploma,  should  be  made  a 
condition  of  admission  to  the  Register  of  Teachers." 

The  Register  was,  he  urged,  of  the  first 
importance  in  obtaining  due  recognition 
for  the  teaching  profession.  If  no  high 
qualification,  however,  were  imposed,  the 
mere  fact  that  a  man  was  a  registered 
teacher  would  carry  no  weight. 

Mr.  Hinton  (Hampstead)  maintained  that 
qualification  of  a  degree  was  too  rigid.  It 
was  possible  that  a  highly  qualified  teacher 
might  just  have  failed  to  get  one.  He 
moved,  as  an  amendment,  the  substitu- 
tion of  "or  other  approved  evidence  of 
general  efficiency  "  for  "or  in  the  case  of 
women  only  its  equivalent." 

Dr.  Gow  (Westminster)  moved  to  add 
to  Mr.  Madeley 's  resolution  the  following 
words  : — 

"  Provided  always  that  the  Registration  Council 
shall  within  twelve  months  after  their  first  meeting 
have  power  at  their  discretion  to  add  to  the  Register 
persons  who  are  not  qualified  for  registration  under 
the  conditions  above  named." 

He  referred  especially  to  the  number  of 
elementary  teachers  who  were,  in  respect 
of  character  and  qualification,  entitled  to 
get  on  the  Register,  though  they  possessed 
no  degrees. 

Dr.  McClure  informed  the  Association 
that  the  National  Union  of  Teachers  were 
entirely  in  favour  of  a  high  qualification 
for  admission  to  the  Register. 

An  amendment  was  moved  by  Dr.  Bevan 
Lean  (Sidcot)  that  a  University  diploma 
in  education  should  be  regarded  as  an 
alternative  to  a  degree  as  a  condition  of 
registration.  This  was,  however,  rejected, 
on  the  ground  that  the  policy  of  the  Asso- 
ciation was  to  insist  upon  training  in  the 
theory  and  art  of  teaching  in  addition  to, 
and  not  in  substitution  for,  a  degree. 

Mr.  Hinton's  amendment  also  was  re- 
jected, and  Mr.  Madeley's  resolution,  with 
Dr.  Gow's  addition,  was  ultimately  carried. 

In  the  absence  of  Mr.  J.  L.  Paton  (Man- 
chester), Dr.  Lancelot  (Liverpool)  moved, 
and  it  was  carried, 

"That  in  tho  opinion  of  this  Association  it  is 
time  that  a  common  understanding  between  the 
University  of  London  and  tho  Northern  Univer- 
sities and  tho  University  of  Birmingham  bo  arrived 
at  as  to  mutual  recognition  of  matriculation  certifi- 
cates on  terms  of  equivalence." 

An  amendment  substituting   "  tho  Univer- 


sities of  the  United  Kingdom  "  for  the 
Universities  named  above  was  rejected 
as  impracticable. 

The  discussion  then  turned  on  specialist 
masters.  The  Rev.  C.  J.  Smith  (Hammer- 
smith) complained  that  the  Board  of  Educa- 
tion were  showing  a  tendency  to  insist  upon 
an  undue  proportion  of  specialist  teachers. 
The  great  work  of  schools  was  the  shaping 
of  character,  and  the  form  master  was  much 
more  valuable  than  the  specialist  master. 
Other  speakers  maintained  that  the  employ- 
ment of  specialist  teachers  was  not  detri- 
mental to  the  formation  of  character.  Mr. 
R.  W.  Jones  (Pengam)  said  the  specialist 
could  also  be  a  form  master,  and  it  was  in 
the  combination  of  the  two  that  the  hope 
for  the  future  lay.  The  following  resolution 
was  finally  agreed  to  : — 

' '  That  in  the  opinion  of  this  Association  the 
recent  tendency  of  the  Board  of  Education  to  urge 
the  employment  of  a  greatly  increased  proportion 
of  specialist  teachers  throughout  the  schools  is  not 
beneficial  to  the  best  interests  of  scholars  in 
Secondary  Schools." 

On  the  motion  of  Mr.  Kahn  (Camden), 
Local  Education  Authorities  were  urged 
to  adopt  the  bursary  system  in  the  training 
of  elementary  teachers,  in  preference  to 
the  pupil-teacher  system  ;  and,  on  the 
motion  of  Mr.  Hitchcock  (Southend),  to 
insist  on  a  year's  work  as  student-teachers 
before  entry  into  a  training  college. 

A  motion  to  the  effect  that  the  metric 
system  should  be  definitely  introduced  into 
Secondary  Schools  was  lost.  The  proceed- 
ings terminated  with  the  adoption  of  resolu- 
tions with  regard  to  medical  inspection, 
the  superannuation  of  teachers,  and  the 
formation  of  a  benevolent  fund. 


ASSISTANT    MASTERS    IN 
SECONDARY    SCHOOLS. 

Representatives  of  all  the  leading 
schools  in  the  country  attended  the  annual 
meetings  of  the  Incorporated  Association 
of  Assistant  Masters,  which,  by  the  kind- 
ness of  the  Head  Master  and  Governors 
of  Merchant  Taylors'  School,  were  held 
on  the  8th  inst.  and  two  following  days 
at  Charterhouse  Square,  under  the  presi- 
dency of  Mr.  R,  F.  Cholmeley  (St.  Paul's), 
Chairman  of  the  Association  for  the  current 
year. 

The  Annual  Report  of  the  Association 
proves  how  great  has  been  the  activity 
of  the  various  committees  during  the  past 
year,  and  records  continued  increase  of 
membership.  New  branches  have  been 
formed,  a  Benevolent  Fund  scheme  has 
been  sanctioned  by  the  Council  ;  special 
advantages  for  life  assurance  have  been 
secured  for  members ;  and  educational 
inquiries  and  discussions  have  been  con- 
ducted with  success  by  several  of  the 
branches.  Interest  has  been  awakened 
by  the  result  of  the  legal  decisions  concerning 
the  Richmond  School  case,  by  fighting  which 
the  Association  has  roused  the  Board  of 
Education  to  the  conviction  that  some 
action  is  now  imperative  to  secure  assistant 
masters  against  the  risk  of  summary  dis- 
missal without  cause  assigned. 

Mr.  A.  A.  Somerville  (Eton),  tho  retiring 
Chairman,  in  moving  tho  adoption  of  tin- 
Report,  congratulated  the  members  on  the 
increased  interest  taken  in  the  work  of 
the  Association,  as  shown  by  the  fact  that 
their  membership  now  exceeded  2,000, 
one-third  of  this  number  coming  from 
Conference  schools.  He  referred  with  satis- 
faction to  the  success  that  had  attend) -<  I 
the  efforts  of  the  Membership  Sub-Committee 
among  tho  Non-Conference  schools.  Ho 
appealed  to  all  members  to  spare  no  effort 


76 


T  II  E     AT  II  KN;EUM 


No.  U86,  -Ian.  L8,  1908 


in  strengthening  the  poaitioo  of  the  Anndir 

tion  and   ^'iviii^  it    u   proper   voice   m  i-duca- 
•  a\   matt. 

On  the  question  of  tenure  be  said  that 
the  ('curt,  of   Appeal   bad,   by   its  dec 
in  the  oase  of  might  ».  Zetland,  made  it 

evident  that  the  position  of  an  assistant 
master  in  u  Secondary  School  was  BUCh 
as  no  efficient  and  self-reepeoting  man  could 
ibly  aooept.  The  Board  of  Education 
in  its  RepOBt  stated  that  it  was  carefully 
considering  the  matter,  and  the  kindred 
associations  of  teachers  were  alive  to  the 
importance  of  a  prompt  and  satisfactory 
settlement  of  the  tenure  question.  The 
\--ociation  must  not  rest  satisfied  until 
assistant  masters  were  recognized  as  servants 
of  the  school,  and  not  merely  the  private 
domestics  of  an  individual.  On  the  subject 
of  the  Teachers'  Register,  the  speaker 
referred  to  the  efforts  made  by  the  Federal 
Council  to  secure  adequate  representation 
of  assistant  masters  in  the  new  Registration 
Council,  and  to  the  great  importance  of 
unity  amongst  all  members  of  the  teaching 
profession.  In  connexion  with  the  new 
Army  Scheme,  he  appealed  to  assistant 
masters  to  take  up  with  enthusiasm  the 
duties  required  of  them  in  the  training 
of  their  boys  in  the  elements  of  military 
defence,  and  concluded  by  thanking  the 
officers  of  the  Association  for  their  services 
during  the  year. 

The  Report  having  been  adopted,  Mr. 
T.  E.  Page  (Charterhouse)  moved  : — 

"  That  in  view  of  the  intolerable  position  created 
by  the  judgment  in  the  Richmond  School  case, 
whereby  Secondary  teachers  are  liable  to  instant 
dismissal,  without  appeal  and  without  redress,  the 
Board  of  Education  should  be  called  upon  to 
promote  legislation  for  the  purpose  of  securing  to 
teachers  (a)  reasonable  notice  in  case  of  dismissal, 
or  salary  in  lieu  of  notice  ;  (b)  an  appeal  to  some 
public  authority  before  whom  the  dismissed  teacher 
should  have  the  right  of  urging  his  case,  in  person 
or  by  his  representative." 

Primary  teachers  were,  he  said,  treated 
with  much  sympathy  by  all  members  of 
Parliament,  owing  to  the  influence  of  votes 
at  elections  ;  but  small  consideration  had 
been  given  to  teachers  in  Secondary  Schools. 
The  Association  had  acted  wisely  in  fear- 
lessly prosecuting  the  appeal  in  the  Rich- 
mond case.  He  could  only  hope  that  the 
expressed  sympathy  of  the  Board  of  Educa- 
tion would  be  followed  by  vigorous  action. 
They  claimed  that,  in  return  for  the  public 
service  they  were  rendering,  they  should 
not  be  liable  to  summary  dismissal  "  at 
pleasure,"  except  for  just  cause,  and  that 
they  should  have  the  right  to  state  their 
case  before  a  proper  tribunal.  The  welfare 
of  education — that  is,  of  the  nation — 
demanded  that  these  rights  should  be  at 
once  granted  to  assistant  masters,  otherwise 
men  of  intellect  and  sound  character  would 
certainly  avoid  the  profession.  Mr.  C.  H. 
Greene  (Berkhamsted),  in  seconding  the 
motion,  claimed  that  it  was  the  duty  of 
the  Government  to  step  in  and  rectify 
matters.  After  a  short  discussion  the  pro- 
position was  unanimously  carried. 

Mr.  G.  H.  Heath  (Aske's),  the  retiring 
Treasurer,  produced  the  annual  statement 
of  accounts,  which  was  satisfactory,  the 
expenses  of  the  recent  legal  action  having 
been  covered  by  guarantee  funds. 

Mr.  W.  A.  Newsome  (Stationers')  spoke 
of  the  increasing  and  successful  work  of 
the  Joint  Agency,  and  urged  members  to 
advertise  it  among  non-members. 

The  following  resolutions,  which  had  been 
passed  by  the  Council  on  the  previous  day, 
were  submitted  and  approved  : — 

"1.  Sickness  and  Accident  Insurance. — That 
the  Essex  and  Suffolk  Office  be  selected  for  an 
annual  policy,  and  the  Profits  and  Income  Office 


for  ■  ]  mi  tn.i  iM-n  t  policy  doo  oanoeUsblc  til)  the  age 
od  M  ;  and  that  at,  l<-a^t  ohm  In  avecy  year  the 
attention  of  members  ai  thi  ttion  be  drawn 

through  the  medinn  of  'The  A.M. A.'  to  the 
■pei  ill  advantage!  offered  by  those  ofl 

" •_'.  Inspection  and  Examination  <>t  Sohools, — 
(1)  Thai  in  order  to  command  the  oonfidanos  "i 
assistant  masters,  it  is  nssontiinl  that  the  inspectors 
and  examiners  appointed  should  have  had  oon< 
■iderable  and  successful  experience  as  school- 
masters. 

"  (2)  That  the  inspections  should  be  bo  arranged 
as  to  allow  an  opportunity  for  quiet  personal 
conversation  between  the  inspector  and  the 
assistant  master — not  in  the  presence  of  the  class, 
but  when  criticism  can  be  candid,  confidential,  and 
sympathetic. 

"  (3)  That  the  suggestions  of  the  inspector  can 
be  more  freely  offered  and  more  freely  considered 
if  they  are  put  forward  in  the  first  instance  as 
recommendations  only. 

"(4)  That,  when  possible,  it  would  be  con- 
venient for  the  master  to  know  at  the  beginning  of 
the  lesson  whether  the  inspector  wishes  to  be 
merely  a  spectator,  or  to  intervene  in  the  conduct 
of  the  lesson. 

"  (5)  That  the  inspector's  formal  report  on  the 
work  of  the  staff  should  be  placed  in  the  hands  of 
each  master." 

The  Rev.  J.  LI.  Dove  (Durham)  in  an 
earnest  speech  moved 

"  That,  the  Territorial  Army  Bill  having  become 
law,  it  is  the  duty  of  every  Secondary  School  to 
contribute  to  the  supply  of  officers,  and  to  this  end 
assistant  masters  in  such  schools  are  called  upon  to 
work  in  every  way  possible. " 

Mr.  Somerville  seconded.  After  some  dis- 
cussion the  motion  was  carried,  with  the 
rider, 

"But  this  work  should  be  considered  as  quite 
voluntary,  and  should  not  be  imposed  on  assistant 
masters  generally  as  one  of  the  ordinary  duties  of 
the  profession." 

The  afternoon  meeting  was  open  to  all 
teachers,  and  a  large  assembly  gathered 
to  hear  Prof.  M.  E.  Sadler  read  a  paper, 
the  subject  of  which  was  '  Should  Secondary 
Teachers  be  Civil  Servants  ?  '  The  advan- 
tages and  disadvantages  that  would  accrue 
to  teachers  were  lucidly  set  before  the 
meeting.  Among  the  former  would  be 
increased  and  reasonably  progressive  salaries 
with  pensions,  and  consequently  an  in- 
creased supply  of  competent  men  teachers. 
This  would  bring  enforced  professional 
training,  and  would  involve  changes  in 
the  present  tenure  of  assistant  teachers. 
The  unfair  disproportion  between  the 
salaries  of  head  masters  and  assistants 
would  be  removed.  On  the  other  hand, 
there  would  be  serious  disadvantages.  There 
would  be  increased  Government  control 
of  the  inner  working  of  a  Secondary  School, 
interfering  with  the  necessary  freedom 
of  experiment  and  development.  Schools 
would  lose  their  individuality  of  character, 
and  teachers  would  have  their  freedom 
of  utterance  and  organization  curtailed. 
There  was  the  danger  lest,  in  the  conditions 
imposed  for  training  of  teachers,  the  intellec- 
tual side  might  be  highly  developed,  and 
the  other  essential  qualifications  of  the 
office  neglected.  The  teaching  profession 
was  a  quasi-public  and  quasi-private  service, 
and  the  subordination  of  the  individual, 
salutary  in  public  administration,  would 
be  injurious  to  the  moral  influence  of  the 
teacher.  In  England  special  difficulties 
would  arise  in  dealing  with  Primary  teachers, 
women  teachers,  private  schools,  and  the 
great  Public  Schools.  Then  University 
teachers  would  also  have  to  be  included. 
An  estimate  of  6,000,0007.  per  year  was 
given  as  the  sum  required  for  Secondary 
teachers,  but  school  fees  would  considerably 
reduce  this  amount.  To  sum  up,  he  thought 
it  would  not  be  conducive  to  liigher  education 


to  make  Secondary  rvante, 

hut    advocated    niereased    balance    for    both 
men    and    women,    with    Mali  -    Oi    movement 

and  penaiona.      As  a  holution  of  •  '.I'll 

of  appeal,  he  huggested  the  formation  of  a 

email    Committee    of    Appeal     under 

pa  ndenoy  of  a  trustworthy   lawyer,   and 

composed    Of    four    representatives    of    head 
masters,  head  mistresses,  assistant  matt. 
and   assistant   mistresses  respectively. 
very  existence  of  such  a  committee  would 
prevent  cases  of  unjust  dismissal.     Although 
he   could   not   foresee   an   early   solution 
all  their  problems,  he  encouraged  the  Asso- 
ciation to  go  forward  in  its  work. 

A   Bhort   discussion   followed   the   reading 
of   the   paper,   for   which   a   hearty   vote 
thanks  was  passed  to  Prof.  Sadler. 


THE    MODERN    LANGUAGE 

ASSOCIATION. 

At  the  meeting  of  the  Modern  Language 
Association  held  at  Queen's  College,  London, 
last  week  the  two  most  important  topics 
discussed  were  the  position  of  German  in 
English  schools  and  the  right  use  of  transla- 
tion in  teaching  foreign  languages.  The 
tale  told  by  Mr.  E.  L.  Milner-Bany  about 
German  was  a  lamentable  one.  The  general 
opinion  is  that  the  language  as  a  school 
subject  is  losing  ground.  Certainly  the 
number  of  boys  and  girls  who  study  it  is 
remarkably  small.  Statistics  collected  by 
the  Association  show  that,  in  119  Secondary 
Schools  from  which  figures  have  been 
obtained,  only  3,224  pupils  are  taught 
German,  while  16,668  are  taught  French  ; 
and  in  40  girls'  schools  only  765  girls  are 
learning  German,  as  against  5,291  learning 
French.  The  last  Report  of  the  Scotch 
Education  Department  states  that  the  same 
tiling  is  happening  in  Scotland,  and  adds  : 
"  Inquiry  shows  that  in  England  the  phe- 
nomenon is  even  more  strikingly  apparent." 
The  recently  published  Report  of  the 
Board  of  Education  declares  that  "  German, 
in  Wales  as  in  England,  is  finding  difficulty 
in  maintaining  its  position,  for  it  is  taught 
in  only  10  schools."  Curiously  enough,  no 
authoritative  information  on  the  curricula  of 
English  schools  is  available  ;  the  120  pages 
of  the  Report  just  referred  to  contains 
scarcely  a  single  paragraph  on  the  actual 
work  being  done  inside  Secondary  Schools. 
But  if  the  Board  keeps  the  public  in  the 
dark  about  the  work  of  the  schools,  it  is 
candid  enough  about  its  own  policy,  winch 
is  to  enforce  the  teaching  of  Latin  in  as 
many  schools  as  possible.  As  it  is  generally 
allowed  that  in  schools  where  the  leaving 
age  is  sixteen  or  seventeen  not  more  than 
two  foreign  languages  can  be  profitably 
taught,  this  policy  involves  the  exclusion 
of  German  from  the  great  majority  of  such 
schools.  Institutions  of  the  type  of  the 
German  Oberreahchule,  in  which  two  modem 
languages  are  taught,  but  no  Latin,  are 
made  almost  impossible  in  this  country. 
Taking  this  view,  the  meeting  passed  with 
three  dissentients  the  following  resolution  : 

"That  this  meeting,  considering  it  desirable 
that  greater  encouragement  should  be  given  to  the 
study  of  German  in  schools,  urges  the  Board  of 
Education  to  reconsider  its  policy  that  where  only 
two  foreign  languages  are  taught  in  a  school,  one 
must  be  Latin,  unless  good  reason  can  be  shown 
for  its  omission." 

On  the  morning  of  the  second  day  the 
meeting,  with  the  new  President,  Lord 
Fitzmaurice,  in  the  chair,  discussed  for 
two  hours  and  a  half  the  use  and  abuse  of 
translation   in    modern    language    teaching, 


No.  4186,  Jan.  18,  1908 


THE     ATHENAEUM 


77 


a  subject  which  had  already  been  debated 
in  print  throughout  the  year  in  the  columns 
of  the  Association's  magazine.  There  is, 
indeed,  scarcely  any  question  of  pedagogics 
which  is  at  the  present  moment  exciting 
more  controversy  than  the  extent  to  which 
it  is  necessary,  or  desirable,  to  make  the 
learners  of  a  language  practise  translation. 
The  extreme  reformers  hold  that  the  atmo- 
sphere of  the  foreign  tongue  should  be  main- 
tained from  first  to  last  during  the  lessor,  and 
no  word  of  the  mother  tongue  spoken.  Such 
extremists  are,  however,  rare — in  this 
country,  indeed,  they  perhaps  scarcely 
exist ;  and  Mr.  F.  B.  Kirkman,  who  opened 
the  discussion  and  who  is  a  keen  advocate 
of  modern  methods,  disclaimed  any  such 
doctrinaire  opinions.  But  he,  and  nearly 
all  the  speakers  who  followed  him,  held  that 
translation  should  be  avoided  as  far  as 
possible,  and  used  only  when  no  other 
method  of  making  clear  the  meaning  of  the 
foreign  text  was  available.  The  feeling  of 
the  meeting,  as  far  as  could  be  judged,  was 
with  the  speakers.  Translation  for  the 
sake  of  translation,  translation  as  an  end  in 
itself,  found  little  favour  ;  translation  should 
be  regarded,  not  as  a  pair  of  legs  for  ordinary 
locomotion,  but  rather  as  an  alpenstock  to 
help  children  up  the  difficult  slopes.  In  the 
first  stage  of  language  teaching  it  is  out  of 
place  altogether  ;  in  the  intermediate  stage 
it  has  only  a  restricted  use  ;  in  the  advanced 
stage  alone  it  has  intrinsic  value  as  a  literary 
exercise.  Nor  must  it  be  supposed  that  this 
view  of  the  right  place  of  translation  is  in 
any  way  connected  with  utilitarian  aims  in 
the  teaching  of  languages.  Nothing  was 
more  noticeable  through  the  whole  course 
of  the  meeting  than  the  applause  with  which 
every  reference  to  literary  culture  as  the 
worthiest  object  of  linguistic  study  was 
received.  If  translation  is  being  deposed 
from  its  proud  position,  it  is  not  because  the 
reformers  think  it  unnecessary  that  boys 
and  girls  should  read  French  and  German 
classics,  but  because  they  believe  that 
French  and  German  classics  are  better 
understood  by  those  who  do  not  feel  the 
necessity  of  rendering  them  into  English 
in  order  to  comprehend  their  thought. 
No  doubt  we  must  have  more  experience 
of  reformed  methods  of  teaching  before  the 
justness  of  this  view  can  be  considered  fully 
established  ;  here  it  can  only  be  recorded, 
and  commended  to  the  thoughtful  considera- 
tion of  language-teachers. 

This  subject  leads  one  naturally  to  say 
a  word  on  Mr.  Francis  Storr's  delight- 
ful presidential  address,  the  subject  of  which 
was  the  translation  of  poetry.  Mr.  Storr 
opposed,  with  a  wealth  of  illustration  and 
argument,  the  dictum  of  George  Henry  Lewes 
that  all  translation  of  poetry  was  doomed 
to  failure.  As  conspicuous  instances  of 
the  contrary  he  cited  Rossetti's  rendering 
of  Villon's  ballade,  with  its  refrain  of  "Where 
are  the  snows  of  yester-year  ?  "  William 
Johnson's  translation  of  the  famous  epigram 
of  Callimachus,  Clough's  version  of  one  of 
the  odes  of  Horace,  and  Du  Bellay's  '  Song 
of  the  Winnowers.'  He  held  that  verse 
must  be  rendered  by  verse,  and  dissented 
from  Mr.  Andrew  Lang's  view  that  a  prose 
translation  of  the  '  Odyssey  '  might  convey 
the  meaning  of  Homer  more  faithfully  than 
a  verse  rendering.  Incidentally,  he  com- 
pared the  English  of  the  Revised  Version 
in  several  famous  passages  with  that  of  the 
Authorized  Version,  much  to  the  disad- 
vantage of  the  latter,  and  expressed  regret 
that  no  place  had  been  found  on  the  Revising 
Committee  for  some  masters  of  English. 
This  brief  summary  can  do  no  justice  to 
what  was  a  charming  literary  causcrie  by 
one  who  has  made  a  special  study  of  his 
subject. 


THE  L.C.C.  CONFERENCE  OF 
TEACHERS. 

The  annual  conference  for  three  days 
organized  by  Dr.  Kimmins,  Chief  Inspector 
to  the  County  Council,  began  on  January 
2nd.  Mr.  J.  T.  Taylor  (Chairman  of  the 
Education  Committee)  being  absent  owing 
to  illness,  the  chair  was  taken  by  Mr. 
Baxter  Forman  (Vice-Chairman  of  the 
Education  Committee). 

The  opening  session  was  devoted  to 
1  Nature  Study.'  Dr.  Percy  Nunn  read  a 
paper  on  '  The  Place  of  Nature  Study  in 
the  School  Curriculum.'  He  regarded  such 
study  as  a  striking  example  of  the  organic 
connexion  which  should  mark  the  parts  of 
the  curriculum  as  a  whole.  Topics 
admirably  chosen  received  adequate  treat- 
ment, but  were  then  allowed  to  drop. 
Thus  the  simple  study  of  rainfall  should 
lead  on  to  the  dew-point  in  hygrometry, 
the  measurement  of  vapour  pressure,  solids, 
and  gases.  Mr.  H.  E.  Turner  followed  with 
a  paper  on  '  School  Excursions,'  and  spoke 
of  his  own  experience.  Mr.  J.  T.  Winkworth 
contributed  a  paper  on  '  The  Use  of  the 
School  Museum  in  Nature  Study,'  advocating 
the  absence  of  labels  for  objects,  in  order 
that  children  might  find  out  names  for 
themselves,  and  consider  their  significance. 
A  discussion  followed. 

The  second  session  was  devoted  to  the 
teaching  of  botany.  Dr.  Forman,  who  pre- 
sided as  before,  pointed  out  that  botany 
was  not  specifically  mentioned  in  the  Govern- 
ment Code  as  a  subject  which  should  be 
included  in  the  curriculum  of  elementary 
schools.  It  was,  however,  included  under 
the  general  heading  of  science  and 
nature  study.  In  the  ordinary  Council 
schools  there  were  16,841  pupils,  and  in  the 
non  -  provided  schools  2,332,  who  took 
botany.  In  view  of  the  present  crowding  of 
subjects  the  course  should  be  as  simple  as 
possible,  and  conversational  rather  than 
formal.  Young  students  should  not  be 
frightened  by  the  vastness  of  the  subject. 
Eminent  men  of  science,  as  a  recent  con- 
troversy in  The  Times  showed,  took  too 
much  for  granted  in  their  lectures. 
Simplicity  and  clearness  were  not  easily 
attained.  In  the  year  which  ended  last 
March  7,500  boxes,  containing  over  five 
and  a  half  millions  of  botanical  specimens, 
were  sent  out  for  the  use  of  schools. 
Facilities  were  afforded  for  observation  in 
the  parks  of  London,  but  a  real  love  of 
nature  was  best  inculcated  in  the  country 
itself,  where  flowers  were  not  labelled  and 
arranged  in  their  natural  orders. 

Miss  Lulham  then  read  a  paper  on 
'  Nature  Study  as  a  Preparation  for  the 
Study  of  Botany,'  and  Miss  L.  B.  Clarke 
another  on  '  Botanical  Laboratories  and 
School  Gardens,'  with  limelight  views. 
At  the  James  Allen  School  for  Girls, 
Dulwich,  they  had  taught  botany  for  years 
by  means  of  observations  and  experiments 
made  by  the  girls  themselves,  with  the  aid 
of  a  special  laboratory  and  school  gardens. 
The  laboratory  was  the  first  of  its  kind,  and 
at  the  present  time  more  than  120  girls  had 
gardens  in  which  they  carried  out  experi- 
ments concerning  pollination,  soil,  &c. 
Miss  von  Wyss  then  read  a  paper  of  •  Sug- 
gestions for  the  Practical  Teaching  of 
Botany  to  Large  Classes  in  Elementary 
Schools,'  and  a  discussion  followed,  in 
which  Miss  Clarke's  methods  were  recognized 
as  the  best,  and  the  lack  of  time  and  want 
of  sufficient  subjects  were  mentioned  as 
drawbacks. 

The  third  session,  on  the  Friday,  was 
devoted  to  '  Commercial  Education,'  under 
the  presidency  of  Sir  Albert  Spicer.  In 
his  opening   address    he    summarized     the 


work  of  the  London  Chamber  of  Commerce, 
which  was  the  first  public  body  to  organize 
a  movement  in  favour  of  improved  com- 
mercial education  in  schools.  Now  there 
were  thirty-six  Chamber  of  Commerce 
and  thirty  educational  authorities  working 
in  co-operation  with  the  London  Chamber 
of  Commerce.  There  were  also  no  fewer 
than  thirty-six  evening  continuation  com- 
mercial schools,  in  addition  to  the  various 
polytechnics  under  the  L.C.C.  giving  special 
attention  to  commercial  subjects.  The 
importance  of  commercial  education  was 
emphasized,  success  being  a  rivalry  of 
brains.  The  nation  which  gave  the  best 
training  was  the  most  likely  to  succeed. 
Since  the  Chamber  of  Commerce  began  its 
scheme  of  examinations,  18,358  candidates 
had  secured  certificates  of  proficiency,  the 
work  being  carried  out  at  the  cost  of  27,0002., 
towards  which  the  business  men  of  London 
had  contributed  14,5002. 

Mr.  A.  Kahn  then  delivered  an  address  on 
'  Commercial  Education  in  Day  Schools.' 
He  pointed  out  that  instruction  in  shorthand 
and  bookkeeping — indispensable  subjects — 
was  not  sufficient,  and  quoted  a  rather 
foolish  paragraph  from  Ruskin.  The  claims 
of  German,  though  Latin  was  awarded 
preferential  treatment  by  the  Board  of 
Education,  were  to  the  future  man  of  busi- 
ness irresistible.  The  history  taught  might 
well  include  the  modern  history  of  Europe 
and  the  study  of  economic  developments. 
Arithmetic  was  often  taught  by  sums 
opposed  to  commercial  practice.  The  centre 
of  interest  in  the  course  should  be  "  descrip- 
tive economics,"  by  which  he  meant  some- 
thing very  different  from  the  traditional 
treatment  of  political  economy. 

Mr.  Sinclair  read  a  paper  on  '  Commercial 
Education  in  Evening  Schools,'  which  began 
in  1898.  Commerce,  on  which  we  prided 
ourselves,  had  too  long  been  the  Cinderella 
of  our  educational  system  ;  but  the  evening 
continuation  schools  now  taught  a  great 
many  subjects  with  that  end  in  view, 
including  precis-writing,  company  law,  and 
practical  banking.  In  commerce  a  career 
was  often  indefinite,  and  this  led  to  a  want 
of  definiteness  in  the  teaching  of  commercial 
centres. 

Mr.  B.  Dumville,  Lecturer  in  Education, 
gave  his  experience  of  the  higher  com- 
mercial schools  of  French  Switzerland.  The 
two  points  worth  special  notice  were  that 
if  the  average  marks  of  a  student  were  low, 
he  could  get  oral  examination  to  increase 
them  ;  and  if  the  average  marks  for  the 
term's  work  of  a  student  were  good,  the 
student  was  excused  examination.  Thus 
those  who  were  good  all  round  got  their 
holidays  some  days  earlier  than  the  others. 
Later,  each  student  represented  a  business 
house,  carrying  out  the  actual  routine. 
There  were  also  "  improvisations  "  in  which 
the  students  were  required  to  speak  con- 
tinuously in  some  modern  language  for 
five  or  ten  minutes.  Mr.  T.  C.  Jackson 
opened  the  discussion  which  followed. 

For  the  fourth  session  the  chair  was  taken 
by  Sir  A.  K.  Rollit,  who  said  that  teaching 
tended  to  become  too  theoretical.  More 
co-ordination  in  commercial  education  was 
needed,  but  he  did  not  believe  in  early 
specializing.  He  went  on  to  show  how  and 
why  in  the  past  English  clerks  had  been 
ousted  by  foreigners.  Mr.  Douglas  Owen 
dealt  with  the  right  training  for  business 
men.  Among  other  points  he  attached 
great  importance  to  English,  and  the  boy 
who  could  write  rapidly  good  terse  English, 
well  expressed  and  well  spelt,  would  start 
with  one  first-rate  commercial  qualification. 
The  education  for  clerks  should  not  bo  con- 
fused with  that  desirable  for  leading  men 
in  a  business. 


7.s 


T  II  B     A  T  II  EN  A:  U  M 


Nm.  U88,  Jam,  18,  1908 


Prof.  L  W .  Lyde  gave  bo  addn 
ography  in  Commercial  [netruotion.' 
Buoh  teaching  had  as  its  object  the  training 
of  imagination  in  kha  sphere  of  space. 
Material  should  be  presented  in  a  definitely 
uniform  order.  Mr.  Kahn  spoke  on  the 
teaching  of  modem  languages  foe  com- 
tnereia]  purposes.  Such  instruction  eras 
i>,^t   founded  on  a  literary  and  oommeroial 

basis.       A  discussion  followed,  which  elicited 

the  fad  that  about  70  per  cent,  of  bankrupts 

kepi    no    hooks,    while   the   remaining   30   per 

cent,  kept  i hem  badly. 

The  tilth  session  was  devoted  to  '  Hand 
and  Eye  Training.'  Sir  John  Cockburn 
occupied  the  chair.  Dr.  Slaughter  delivered 
an  address  on  handicraft  in  the  lower 
standards.  From  scientific  investigations 
two  facts  had  emerged  :  the  human  body 
was  not  separated  from  the  human  mind, 
and  in  practice  there  were  two  stages  of 
development.  Up  to  the  age  of  six  the 
child  was  supposed  to  be  making  a  series 
of  contacts  with  his  environment.  At  six 
he  was  regarded  as  ready  to  enter  on  the 
intellectual  and  spiritual  heritage  of  his 
race.  Manual  training  ought  to  cover  a 
broad  range  of  activities,  especially  as  we 
were  increasingly  sedentary  as  a  race.  Mr. 
J.  C.  Hudson  followed  with  an  address  on 
hand-training  in  American  schools  ;  and 
Mi.  P.  B.  Ballard  delivered  another  on  the 
manual  occupations  of  the  first  four  standards 
of  the  senior  department  of  the  London 
elementary  schools. 

The  final  session  was  devoted  to  the 
experiments  of  teachers  in  dealing  with 
the  ordinary  subjects  of  the  curriculum. 
The  chair  was  taken  by  Dr.  Kimmins,  who 
looked  forward  to  the  time  when  there 
would  be  special  experimental  schools  in 
London.  Mr.  W.  Green  read  a  paper  on 
'  The  School  Library.'  To  interest  the 
children  in  the  books,  he  read  extracts 
from  good  authors  on  the  anniversaries 
of  events  to  which  they  referred.  Mr. 
J.  A.  White  then  gave  an  address  on  a  four 
years'  course  in  the  teaching  of  English 
literature.  In  the  fourth  year  a  special 
period,  centring  in  Dr.  Johnson  and  ending 
with  the  '  Lyrical  Ballads,'  was  taken. 
Mr.  W.  J.  Hazlitt  read  a  paper  on  '  Open-Air 
Geography,'  and  a  discussion  followed, 
which  included  the  suggestions  that  the 
school  and  public  library  should  work  more 
closely  together,  and  that  books  were  now 
so  cheap  that  children  should  be  encouraged 
to  buy  them  for  themselves.  Dr.  Kimmins, 
the  founder  and  present  organizer  of  the 
Conference,  was  thanked  for  his  services, 
and  announced  that  1,200  persons  had 
attended  the  various  sessions. 


<  SHAKESPEARE'S       WARWICKSHIRE 
CONTEMPORARIES.' 

I  have  no  wish  to  contest  any  of  the 
dicta  of  your  friendly  reviewer,  but  I  would 
like  to  say  a  word  or  two  concerning  his 
desiderata.  I  made  no  allusion  whatever  to 
the  marriage  licence  of  Anne  Hathaway,  or 
I  would  certainly  have  mentioned  a  sug- 
gestion which  does  seem  to  bring  "  us 
nearer  the  solution  of  the  mystery  of 
Anne  Whatelcy,"  which  suggestion  I  would 
have  borrowed  from  '  Shakespeare's  Mar- 
riage,' by  Mr.  J.  W.  Gray,  the  only  reliable 
authority  on  the  subject. 

The  reviewer  has  let  me  off  more  gently 
than  I  feared,  for  he  begins,  "  It  is  not 
to  be  expected  that  such  a  book  should 
be  without  errors,"  and  only  notes  one 
self-evident  oversight  in  proof-correction, 
an  alternative  spelling  of  the  name 
"  Somerville  "  ;  and  expresses  doubt  as  to 
the  validity  of  some  of   my  inferences.     I 


mils   Q0f    aware  oi    >ui\     '   I. He'   of  Sir  Thomas 

Lucy,  certainly  of  none  on  the  lines  I 
have  worked  out,  as  I  do  not  believe  him 
to  be  the  original  of  Jo  tice  Shallow.  1 
certainly    mentioned    the    valuable     hook 

'  Shakespean  ana      ( lenealogicu.'       by        Mr. 

French,  wherever  i    referred  to  it  or   bor- 
rowed from  it;    but  all    my    Arden  work    is 
from  original  BOUT 
The  reviewer   further  suggests  expansion 

of  several  chapters.  I  can  assure  him  I 
have  very  much  material  crowded  out  by 
the  exigencies  of  space  and  the  need  of 
contraction. 

I  also  have  always  encouraged  workers 
to  hope  to  find  important  points,  even  at 
this  late  date ;  but  I  hardly  think  we 
shall  bo  able  to  associate  the  poet  with 
the  University  of  Oxford  on  the  lines  now 
laid  down.  C.  C.  Stopes. 


THE    AIM  IN    CLASSICAL  TEACHING, 
i. 

A  great  deal  that  was  written  during 
1907  on  the  subject  of  classical  teaching 
shows  anything  but  a  clear  and  definite 
conception  of  what  should  be  the  aim  of  a 
complete  school  course  in  the  Greek  and 
Latin  classics  ;  and  if  this  is  the  case  with  the 
better  men  who  find  their  way  into  the 
columns  of  important  journals,  and  leave 
their  influence  on  the  reports  of  learned 
committees,  we  may  fairly  assume  that  the 
practice  of  classical  teaching  in  our  great 
schools  is  in  a  haphazard  condition.  It 
would  be  an  interesting  experiment  suddenly 
to  put  to  each  member  of  the  classical  staff 
of  a  great  school  the  single  question,  "  What 
is  the  aim  of  the  classical  teaching  of  this 
school  ?  "  and  allow  five  minutes  for  the 
answer.  We  venture  to  think  that  com- 
paratively few  would  be  able  to  give  a 
reasonable  explanation  of  their  classroom 
methods,  and  the  differences  between  the 
different  teachers  would  be  most  amusing, 
if  they  did  not  painfully  suggest  the  want 
of  co-ordination  (to  say  nothing  of  pre- 
paratory schools  and  Universities)  in  a 
Public  School.  We  do  not  mean  to  suggest 
that  any  one  aim  is  the  right  one,  for  there 
are  two  or  three  competing  systems  of 
classical  education  which  are  nearly  equal 
in  point  of  merit,  and  possibly  a  com- 
promise between  them  might  result  in  an 
improvement  upon  any  one.  How  im- 
perative is  the  necessity  of  clarifying  our 
views  on  this  subject  was  made  plain  by 
a  recent  discussion  between  Mr.  Lyttelton 
and  Dr.  Rouse  in  the  pages  of  The  Classical 
Review.  Do  we  teach  boys  Latin  in  order 
that  they  may  learn  the  language,  or  that 
they  may  read  and  appreciate^Latin  authors, 
or  that  their  minds  may  be  trained  to 
think  ?  These  were  some  of  the  current 
views  discussed  with  reference  to  the  so- 
called  oral  method,  which  after  all  is  not  a 
fundamental  matter.  Happily  Mr.  J.  L. 
Paton  and  Mr.  Frank  Fletcher  have  come 
to  the  rescue  of  befogged  schoolmasters 
with  their  admirable  Board  of  Education 
reports  on  classical  teaching  in  Prussian 
schools.  These  two  writers  show  a  remarkable 
agreement  as  to  the  aims  of  the  English 
system  on  the  one  hand,  and  the  German  on 
the  other.  It  is  well  to  consider  the  points 
made  by  them  in  favour  of  or  against  either 
ideal,  and  see  in  what  respects  the  aim  of 
English  Secondary  Schools  might  be  im- 
proved. A  reasonable  aim  once  established, 
it  would  be  a  comparatively  easy  matter 
to  determine  several  questions  of  method 
which  are  often  prematurely  and  illogically 
discussed. 

In   order  the  more  easily  to   get   to   the 
kernel  of  the  matter,   we  propose  to  limit 


the   d  n    to    the    study    of    Latin    in 

■   oompli  te    PuMie   School   •  and   to 

me  that  we  have  sifted  out  the  right  bo 
to  profit   by  a  clai  ioal  ooarae,  and  that  the 

e    is    framed    to    benefit     B0    ]»r    cent. 

rather  than  tin-  10  pi  t  cent,  oi  exceptionally 

brilliant  pupils.  If  we  can  determine  what 
Cod  m  these  circumstance*,  it  might 
be  possible  to  tell  within  a  little  what 
modifications  should  be  made  in  other  cases. 
To  this  end,  we  shall  consider  fir  (  .it- 

man  aim  with  its  pros  and  cons,  then  the 
English  aim,  and  finally  what  improvement 
might  be  made  in  the  Kmgliah  sy>t<  m. 

The    aim    of    the    German    Reform    Gym- 
nasium is  at  any  rate  precise  : — 

"  On  the  sure  basis  of  grammatical  discipline 
secure  that  a  pupil  understands  the  mere  important 
classical  authors,  and  is  thereby  intnxluced  to  the 
intellectual  life  and  civilization  of  antiquity." 
A  mental  atmosphere  is  the  aim  ;    literature 
is    subsidiary    to    that  ;     and,    in    its    turn, 
grammar   is   subordinate   to   the  reading  of 
authors.     This   is   something   broader,   and, 
to  our  mind,  more  inspiring  that  what  we 
in    England    mean    by    "scholarship   :  :     it 
spells  the  possibility  of  culture,  gained  by 
means  of  a  wide  range  of  information  acting 
on  the  imagination,   for  the  many,   rather 
than    a    "  delicate    sense    of    refinement    in 
the    use    and    appreciation    of    language  " 
for  a  few.     But  at  the  same  time  the  course 
allows    opportunities    for    the    development 
of  aesthetic   and  linguistic  powers   to   those 
who  have  them.     In  trying  to  give  a  short 
formula   for    the    German    aim,  "  their   aim 
is   information,"   we  think  both  Mr.   Paton 
and    Mr.    Fletcher    go    wide    of    the    mark  : 
the  end  is  rather  a  plastic  and  ready  attitude 
of  mind  to  the  broad  problems  of  humanity 
and  history,  and  the  German  teacher  knows 
that  it  matters  little,  a  few  years  after  the 
leaving   examination,   whether   a   pupil   can 
remember  the  facts  of  Livy,  if  he  has  become 
imbued  with   the   spirit   of   his   history.     In 
balancing  the   product   of   the   English  and 
German  systems  it  is  important  to  remember 
this    point.     To    this    end    a    study    of    the 
content    of    the    authors    read   contributes, 
while    correctness   and  logical    acumen    are 
secured     by     the     instruments,     grammar, 
composition     (subsidiary     to      translation), 
and    translation    into    the    mother-tongue. 
The  subjects  in  order  of  importance,  then, 
are  grammar,  translation,  content,  as  instru- 
ments ;    culture,  as  the  end.     Here,  again, 
the    relative    importance    of    departments 
cannot  be  too  strongly  insisted  upon.     The 
educative  value  of  each  of  the  three  instru- 
ments  is   as   follows.     Latin   grammar   and 
translation    give    the    best    possible    insight 
into  the  essential  nature  and  laws  of  lan- 
guage,    which     is     "  the     most     wonderful 
creation    of    human    genius "  ;     translation 
from    Latin    into    English    compels    minute 
comparison   of   the   two   languages,    and   so 
affords  the  best  possible  means  for  appre- 
ciating the  structure  of  the  mother  tongue 
and  using  it  with  accuracy  and  facility.    As  t  o 
content,  its  two  main  divisions  are,  for    the 
purposes  of  German  education,  history  and 
literature.     The   factors   of   Roman   history 
are    comparatively    simple,    and    cause    and 
effect  are  calculable  ;   we  are  so  far  detached 
from  its  problems  that  we  can  study  them 
without    bias  ;     the    influence    of    Rome    is 
deeply   felt  all   over  modern  Europe.     For 
these    reasons    Roman    history    (studied    in 
the  originals)  is  the  best  primer  imaginable 
of  the  social  and  political  questions  of  our 
own  times.     The   Roman  literature  read  is 
instinct   with   broad   humanity  ;     has   in  its 
record    of    brave    deeds    and    patriotism    a 
moral   quality   which   is   peculiarly   adapted 
to  the  needs  of  growing  lads  ;   and  in  expres- 
sion is  simple,   direct,  and  weighty   beyond 
anything  written  in  any  modern  language. 


No.  4186,  Jan.  18,  1908 


THE     ATHENAEUM 


79 


In  carrying  out  their  scheme  of  study  the 
Germans  entirely  neglect  verse  composition, 
and  lay  stress  on  good  translation  rather 
than  on  good  prose  composition.  A  con- 
sideration of  the  German  aim  and  the 
methods  working  up  to  it  compels  us  to 
assent  to  Mr.  Paton's  conclusion  : — 

"It  is  impossible  to  deny  that  the  German  ideal 
is  considerabty  broader  in  its  human  aspect  and 
less  academic  than  the  English,  and,  because  it  has 
these  larger  relations  to  modern  life,  is  more  likely 
to  impress  and  fertilize  the  mind  of  the  average 
boy.'"     (The  italics  are  ours.) 

If  the  German  system  succeeds  in  awakening 
a  broad,  imaginative  interest  in  life,  it 
does  indeed  achieve  a  desirable  end. 


LIST  OF  NEW  BOOKS. 
ENGLISH. 

Theology. 
Abbott  (E.  A.),  Indices  to  Diatessarica,  2/6  net.    With  a 

specimen  of  research  relating  to  Josephus's  version  of 

the  sweetening  of  the  waters  of  Marah. 
Baptist  Handbook,  1908,  2/6  net. 

Campbell  (Eev.  R.  J.),  Christianity  and  the  Social  Order,  6/ 
Maclaren  (A.),  the  Books  of    Esther,  Job,  Proverbs,  and 

Ecclesiastes,  7/6.     In  Expositions  of  Holy  Scripture. 
Maintaining  the  Unity,  3/6  net.     Proceedings  of  the  11th 

International  Conference  and  Diamond  Jubilee  Celebra- 
tion of  the  Evangelical  Alliance  held  in  London,  July, 

1907,  with  portraits. 
Mission  Preaching  for  a  Year,  Part  II.,  2/6  net.     Edited  by 

the  Rev.  W.  H.  Hunt. 
Peabody  (F.  G.),  Jesus  Christ  and  the  Social  Question,  6d. 

New  Edition.     For  former  notice  see  Athen.,  April  6, 

1901,  p.  431. 
Seeley  (Sir  J.  R.),  Ecce  Homo,  1/  net.     New  Edition. 
Slattery  (C.  L.),  Life  Beyond  Life  :  a  Study  of  Immortality, 

3/6  net. 
Watson  (F.),  The  Christian  Life  Here  and  Hereafter,  5/  net. 

A  selection  from  sermons,  edited  by  C.  B.  Drake. 
Whittingham  (W.),  A  Brief  Discourse  of  the  Troubles  at 

Frankfort,  1554-8,  5/  net.    The  first  issue  of  A  Christian 

Library,  a  popular  series  of  religious  literature,  edited 

by  Prof.  E.  Arber. 

Fine  Art  and  Archaeology. 
Armorial  China  :   a  Catalogue  of  Chinese  Porcelain  with 

Coats  of  Arms  in  the  Possession  of  F.  A.  Crisp,  42/  net. 
Calvert  (A.  F.)  and  Hartley  (C.  Gasquoine),  The  Velazquez, 

an  Account  of  his  Life  and  Works,  3/6  net.     With  136 

reproductions  from  his  pictures. 
Catalogue  of  Lowestoft  China  in  the  Possession  of  F.  A. 

Crisp,  21/  net. 
Ely  (T.),  Roman  Hayling,  3/  net.     A  contribution   to  the 

history  of  Roman  Britain,  with  2  plans  and  illustra- 
tions.    Second  Edition. 
Robinson  (Rev.  Stanford  F.  H),  Celtic  Illuminative  Art  in 

the  Gospel  Books  of  Durrow,  Lindisfarne,  and  Kells, 

42/  net. 
Rotherby  (G.  Cadogan),   Decorators'   Symbols,   Emblems, 

and  Devices,  3/  net. 

Engravings. 
Royal  Windsor,   21/  on   India   paper.     Etched    by  C.    O. 

Murray  after  the  painting  by  Niels  M.  Lund. 
Poetry  and  Drama. 
Allen  (P.),  Songs  of  Old  France,  6/  net. 
Bell(M),  Weeds  and  Wild  Flowers,  1  doL  25. 
Bonacina  (C.  M.  R),  Preludes  and  Harmonies,  2/6  net. 
Dillon  (A.),  The  Heir's  Comedy,  3/6  net. 
Farquhar,   George,   3/6.     In   the  Mermaid   Series,   edited, 

with  an  Introduction  and  notes,  by  William  Archer. 
Field  (Michael),  Wild  Honey  from  Various  Thyme,  5/  net. 

A  collection  of  short  poems. 
lord  (W.  J.),  Leelaand  Bertram!,  1/ 
Fotheringham  (D.  R.),  War  Songs  of  the  Greeks  and  other 

Poems,  3/6  net. 
j  Hawksley  (MA  Poems  and  Verses,  1/ 
Jones   (II.  A.),  The  Middleman,  2/6  net.     A   play  in  four 

acts. 
Osmaston  (F.  P.  B.),  Poems  and  Lyrics,  5/ net. 
Robbina  (H.),  Verse  Fancies  and  Facts,  2/6  net. 
Travers  fit.),  The  Two  Arcadias,  2/6  net.     Plays  and  poems, 

with    Introduction  by  Richard  Garnett. — Thyrsis  and 

Fausta,   a   pastoral,  with  other  Plays  and  Poems,  3/6 

net. 
I  Wedmore  (M.  T),  Pilgrim  Songs,  2/  net. 

Music. 
Memories  and  Music,  3/6  net.     Consists  of  letters  to  a  fail- 
unknown. 

Bibliography. 
Reader's  Index.  January  and  February.    The  bi-monthly 

magazine  of  the  Croydon  Public  Libraries. 
Philosophy. 
Wood  (M.   If),    Plato's  Psychology  in  its  Bearing  on  the 

I  )i     elopment  of  Will,  2/6  net.    A  thesis  approved,  in  its 

original   form,  for  the  degree  of  Master  of  Arts  in  the 

University  of  London. 

Political  Economy. 
1  i-k  (O.  M.),  International  Commercial  Policies,  5/ net. 
Porritl  (E.),  Sixty  Years  of  Protection  in  Canada,  1846-1907, 

5/ net.     Written  from  the  point  of  view  of  a  student  of 

political  science  and    industrial    and   economic    deve- 
lopment. 

History  and  Biography. 
kbbott  (K.  M.),  Old   Paths  and   Legends  of  the  New  Eng- 

liind  Border,  15/ net.     Illustrated. 
Coleridge  (S.  'I'.),    Biographia    Literarla,  2   vols.,   B/  net. 

Edited,  with  Ids  ASsthetical  Essays,  by  J.  Shawcross, 
Baton   (.1.),  Grant,   Lincoln,  and  the  Freedmen,  9/   net. 

Reminiscences  of  the  Civil  War,  with  a  History  of  the 


work    for    the    Contrabands    and     Freedmen    of    the 
Mississippi  Valley,  1862-5. 
Macaulay  (G.  C),  James  Thomson,  2/  net.     In  English  Men 

of  Letters. 
Miller  (Hugh),  Selections  from  his  Writings,  3/6.     Chosen 
and    arranged,    with    Introductions    and  explanatory 
notes,  by  W.  M.  Mackenzie.     Illustrated. 
Nolhac  (P.  de),  Petrarch  and  the  Ancient  World.     No.  III. 

in  the  Humanists'  Library. 
Robinson  (J.  H.)and  Beard  (C.  A.),  The  Development  of 
Modern  Europe :  Vol.  I.     The  Eighteenth  Century,  the 
French  Revolution  and    the  Napoleonic    Period,   6/6. 
An  introduction  to  the  study  of  current  history. 
Tschudi  (Clara),   Ludwig;  the  Second,   King  of  "Bavaria. 
Translated    by   Ethel    Harriet    Hearn,   with  coloured 
portrait. 
Whitaker    (R.     Sanderson),    Whitaker    of    Hesley    Hall, 
Grayshott  Hall,  Pylewell  Park,  and  Palermo.  31/6  net. 
Contains  family  records  collected  and  arranged. 
Willcock  (J.),  A  Scots  Earl  in  Covenanting  Times,  10/  net. 
The  life  and  times  of  Archibald,   9th  Earl  of  Argyll 
(1629-85). 

Geography  and  Travel. 
Davis  (R.  Harding),  The  Congo  and  Coasts  of  Africa,  6/  net. 
Walpole  (G.  H.   S.)  and  Barton  (C.   E.),  Handy   Atlas  of 
Church  and   Empire,   1/6  net.    Contains  119  coloured 
maps,   descriptive   list  of  provinces  and  dioceses,  &c. 
and  six  coloured  diagrams. 
Watney  (C),  Motor  Tours  Abroad  in  Winter  and  Spring, 
2/6  net. 

Education. 
Remington  (J.    Stewart),   The   Education   of  To-morrow, 
2/  net.     See  p.  70. 

Philology. 
Deinhardt  (K.)  and  Schlomann  (A.),  Technical  Dictionary 
in   Six   Languages.     Vol     II.   Electrical    Engineering, 
including  Telegraphy  and  Telephony,    25/  net.     Edited 
by  C.  Kinzbrunner,  with  about  4,000  illustrations. 
School-Books. 
Coleman  (W.  M.),  Lessons  in  Hygienic  Physiology,  3/.     New 

Edition. 
Coquelin  (J.),  First  Italian  Course,  2/6  net.  In  the  Rational 

Study  of  Modern  Languages. 
Thomson  (W.  S.),  English  Composition  and  Essay  Writing. 

Seventh  Edition.     See  p.  72. 
Weaver  (F.  J.),  English   History  illustrated   from  Original 
Sources,  1603-60,  2/6.    With  illustrations. 
Science. 
Brown  (S.),  Alpine  Flora  of  the  Canadian  Rocky  Mountains, 

12/6  net.     Illustrated. 
Bruce  (E.  M.),  Detection  of  the  Common  Food  Adultera- 
tions, 5/  net. 
Dall(W.  H.)andBartseh  (P.),  The  Pyramidellid  Mollusks 
of  the   Oregonian  Faunal   Area.     Reprinted  from  the 
Proceedings  of  the  U.S.  National  Museum. 
Dowd  (J.),  The  Negro  Races,  Vol.  I.,  10/6  net. 
Gunther  (C.  A.),  Integration  by  Trigonometric  and  Imagin- 
ary Substitution,  5/  net. 
Jordan  (D.  S.)  and  RichardsonfR.  E.),  Description  of  a  New 
Species  of  Killiflsh,  Lvcania brovmi,  from  a  Hot  Spring 
in   Lower  California  :  List  of  Fishes   collected  in  the 
River  at  Buytenzorg,  Java,  by  Dr.  D.  Houghton  Camp- 
bell.     Reprinted    from  the   Proceedings    of   the  U.S. 
National  Museum. 
Lea(F.  C),  Hydraulics,  18/ net 

Lockwood's  Builder's,  Architect's,  Contractor's  and  Engi- 
neer's Price-Book,  1908,  4/ 
Lyon  (M.  W.),  Mammals  collected  in  Western  Borneo  by 
Dr.  W.  L.  Abbott.     Reprinted  from  the  Proceedings  of 
the  U.  S.  National  Museum. 
Mackenzie  (N.  F.)  Methods  of  Surveying  used  in  the'Compi- 
lation  of   Large-Scale  Plans  of  Small   Areas,   5/  net. 
Illustrated. 
Melick(C.  W.),  Dairy  Laboratory  Guide,  5/ net. 
Neil  (J.  S.),  British  Minerals  and  Where  to  Find  Them,  2/. 
In  Murby's  Science  Series.      Preface  by  J.  Allen  Howe. 
Nutting  (M.  A.)  and  Dock  (L.  L),  A  History  of  Nursing, 
2  vols.,   21/  net.     Treats  of  the  evolution  of  nursing 
systems  from  the  earliest  times  to  the  foundation  of  the 
first  English  and  American  training  schools  for  nurses. 
Ridgeway  (W.),  Who  were  the  Romans?  2/6  net.   Reprinted 

from  the  Proceedings  of  the  British  Academy,  Vol.  III. 
Science  Progress  in  the  Twentieth  Century,  January,  5/  net. 

A  quarterly  journal  of  scientific  work  and  thought. 
Stejneger  (L.),  A  New  Geckoid  Lizard  from  the  Philippine 
Islands.     Another  reprint  from  the  Proceedings  of  the 
I'.S.  National  Museum. 
Stuart  (H.),  The  Doctor  in  the  Schools,  1/  net.     Notes  on 
the  medical   inspection    of    public    elementary  school 
children    under  the  Education    (Administrative    Pro- 
visions) Act,  1907. 
Taylor  (D.  W.)  Resistance  of  Ships  and  Screw  Propulsion, 

10/  net. 
Waddell  (J.  A.  L.),  Specifications  and  Contracts,  4/  net. 
Walker   (Sydney    F.),    Electric    Wiring   and    Fitting    for 

Plumbers  and  Gas-fitters,  5/ net. 
Wilson  (C.  B.),   North   American   Parasitic  Copepods  be- 
longing to  the  Family  Caligida.     Also  reprinted  from 
the  Proceedings  of  the  U.S.  National  Museum. 
Firtion. 
Brown  (Helen  Dawes),  Mr.  Tuckerman's  Nieces,  6/ 
Character  Portraits   from    Dickens,   3/6  net.     Selected  and 

arranged  by  Charles  Welsh. 
Chorley  (II.),  Cleeves  I'.ml,  fi/.     A  realistic  story  of  Kentish 

life  and  morals. 
Dudley  (Kosetta),  The  Emerald  Cross,  6/ 
Durham  (E.  Burton),  Florence  Island,  (!/.     Tells  bow  it  was 
peopled,   and   converted    from   an  .uninhabited  island 
into  a  sportsman's  paradise. 
Gunter(A.  C),  Dr.  Burton's  Success,  6/    Illustrated. 
MacNaughtan  (S.),   A  Lame  Dog's    Diary,   7d.   net.     New 

Edition. 
Mitford  (C.  Guise),  The  Paxton  Plot,  6/ 
Perfect    (Rev,    II.  T.),   Lady   Beauclerc  at  Home,  6/     A 

romance  of  life,  with  illustrations, 
Praed  (Mrs.  Campbel]),iStubble  bufore  the  Wind, 6/.     Four- 

t  ecu  ihort  stories. 
RosenkrontB   (Baron    P.),    Magistrate's  Own   Case,  6/      An 
interesting   story  of  a  trial   for  murder  and   circum 
stantial  evidence. 


Runciman  (Sir  W.),   Looking  Seaward    Again,   3/6.      Six 

short  sketches. 
St.  Barbe  (R),  The  Golden  Fleece. 
Stacpoole  (H.  de  Vere),  The  Blue  Lagoon,  6/ 
Wales  (H.),  Cynthia  in  the  Wilderness,  6/.   Second  Edition. 

For  former  notice  see  Athen.,  Nov.  30,  1907,  p.  684. 
Warden  (Florence),  A  Devil's  Bargain,  6/ 
Wishaw  (F.),  A  New  Cinderella,  6/ 
White  (F.  M.),  Craven  Fortune,  6/.     Illustrated  by  Howard 

Somerville. 

General  Literature. 
Baden-Powell  (Lieut.-General,  R.S.S.),  Scouting  for  Roys, 

id.  net.     An   Illustrated  handbook  for  instruction  in 

good  citizenship. 
Heart  of  the  Rose,  No.  I.     A  small  quarterly  magazine  of 

verse  and  prose,  issued  at  Melbourne. 
Hustled  History,  by  the  Authors  of  '  Wisdom  while  You 

Wait,'  1/    See  p.  73. 
Investor's  Blue- Book  for  1908,  2/6  net. 
Leith  (W.  Compton),  Apologia  Diffidentis,  7/6  net. 
Marble  (A.  R.),  Heralds  of  American  Literature,  6/6  net. 
Mathiesons'  Highest  and  Lowest  Prices,  2/6. 
New  Mediaeval  Library  :  Of  the  Tumbler  of  Our  Lady,  and 

other  Miracles  ;  The  Chatelaine  of  Vergi,  New  Edition, 

translated  by  Alice  Kemp-Welch,  leather,  5/  net  each  ; 

pigskin,  7/6  net  each. 
Pitman's  Secretary's  Handbook,  5/  net.     A  practical  guide 

to  the  work  and  duties,  edited  by  Herbert  E.  Blain. 
Peaga  (Mrs.  A.),  Dainty  Dinner  Tables,  and  how  to  Decorate 

Them,  1/.     With  4  illustrations. 
Roes  (E.   Roberta),   High-Class  and  Economical  Cookery 

Recipes,  as  used  in  the  Westbourne  Grove  Cookery 

School,  4/6  net. 
Shaw  (A.),  The  Outlook  for  the  Average  Man,  5/  net. 
Sims  (G.  R.),  The  Black  Stain,  1/  net.     With  13  illustra- 
tions.    Articles,  re-published  from   The,  Tribune,  con- 
cerning the  neglect  and  ill-treatment  of  children  in 

London  and  other  great  cities. 
Wagner  (E.),  Recipes  for  the  Preserving  of  Fruit,  Vegetables, 

and  Meat,  5/  net. 
Willing's  Press  Guide,  1908,  1/ 

Pamphlets. 
Brice  (A.  M.),  New  Ways  with  Old  Acres,  1/  net.     Advocates 

the  application  of  co-operation  in  connexion  with  the 

Small  Holdings  Act. 
German  Peril,  The  ;  The  Free  Trade  Delusion,  by  Akaroa, 
Harris  (S.   Hutchinson),  The  Will  of  the  People  and  the 

Referendum,    6d.      Reprinted    from    The    Westminster 

Review. 
Winbolt  (S.  E.),  Sir  Robert  Clayton,  Knt.     A  sketch  of  one 

of  the  benefactors  of  Christ's  Hospital. 

FOREIGN. 

Fine  Art  and  Archteology. 
Agresti  (A.),  I  Prerafaellisti :  Contribute  alia  Storia  dell' 

Arte,  15  lire.     Freely  illustrated  with  reproductions  of 

characteristic  pictures. 
Petersen  (E.),  Die  Burgtempel  der  Athenaia,  4m. 

History  and  Biography. 
De"prez  (E.),  Etudes  de  Diplomatique  anglaise  de  l'Avene- 

ment  d'Edouard  I.  k  celui   de   Henri   VII.  :  le  Sceau 

prive",  le  Sceau  secret,  le  Signet,  5fr. 
Guardione  (F.),  II  Dominio  dei  Borboni  in  Sicilia  dal  1830 

al  1861  in  relazione  alle  Vicende  nazionali  con  Docu- 

menti  inediti,  Vol.  I.,  8  lire.     No.  129  in  the  Biblioteca 

storica. 
Laborie  (L.  de  L.  de),  Paris  sous  Napole'on  :  La  Religion, 

5fr. 
Quentin-Bauchart  (P.),  Lamartine  et  la  Politique  etrangere 

de  la  Revolution  de  Fe'vrier,  5fr. 
Revue  historique,  Janvier — Fevrier,  6  fr. 
Rousse  (E.),  La  Liberte"  religieuse  en  France,  1880-1904,  6fr. 

Geography  and  Travel. 
Atlas    universe!     de     Geographie :  Carte    74,     Etats-Unis 

d'Am^rique,  Feuille  Nord-Est,  2fr. 
Gli  Inglesi  nella  Vita  moderna:  Osservati  da  un  Italiano, 

31.  50. 

Philology. 
Bulletin    international    de   l'Academie    des   Sciences    de 

Cracovie:  Classe  de  Philologie,  Classe  d'Histoire  et  de 

Philosophie,  Nos.  3-4,  5,  and  6-7,  Ofr.  90  each. 

Science. 

Bulletin  international  de  l'Acadernie  des  Sciences  de 
Cracovie:  Classe  des  Sciences  mathematiques  et  natu- 
relles,  Nos.  4,  5,  6,  7,  and  8,  Ofr.  90. 

Lindau  (G.)  et  Sydow  (P.)  Thesaurus  Litteratune  Myco- 
logies, Vol.  I.  Parti.,  31m.  25. 

Martel  (E.  A.),  Involution  souterraine,  3fr.  50. 

Panetti  (M.),  Prove  dei  Metalli,  5  lire.  No.  11  in  the 
Raccoltadi  Memorie  e  Rassegne  tecniche. 

General  Literature. 
Chabrier  (C),  (Jens  de  Bien,  3fr.  50. 
Fastrez  (A.),  Ce  que  1'Armee  pent  etre  pour  la  Nation. 

No.  12  of  the  Aetualites  soeiales. 
Gontier  (F.),  Le  Proces  de  M.  Pipe,  3fr.  50. 

*»*  All  Books  received  at  the,  Office  up  to  Wednesday 
Morning  mil  be.  included  in  this  List  unZgM  previotutly 
noted.  f\iblishers  are  requested  to  state  prices  when 
sending  Books. 


Ittoarp  ©osstp. 

Messrs.  Longman  arc  publishing  two 
volumes  on  '  English  Local  Government 
from  the  Revolution  to  the  Municipal 
Corporations  Act:  the  Manor  and  the 
Borough,'  by  Mr.  Sidney  Webb  and  his 
Wife.  This  new  instalment  of  their  survey 
of  English  local  government   is  complete 


80 


T  II  E     AT  II  KN\K  i:  M 


\...  j  1m;.  Jan.  18,  L908 


in  itself,  and  <:ives  for  the  first  time  an 
a i i.il \  1 1.  and  descriptive  account  of  the 
administrations  between  1689  and  1835 
of  the  rural  manors  and  municipal 
boroughfl  of  Kngland  and  Wales.  New 
light  Lb  thrown  upon  the  manor,  its  courts, 
it.s  juries,  and  its  relation  to  other  authori- 
ties ;  in  particular,  upon  the  way  in  which 
the  common-field  agriculture  of  the  village 
was — in  some  places  even  down  to  the 
nineteenth  century — administered  by  the 
jury  at  the  lord's  court.  To  the  Corpora- 
t  ion  of  the  City  of  London  are  devoted 
over  a  hundred  pages. 

Mr.  Murray  announces  some  import- 
ant books  in  biography  and  history. 
'J.  T.  Delane,  1817-79,'  by  his  nephew, 
Mr.  A.  I.  Dasent,  will  include  much 
correspondence  of  the  famous  Times  editor 
with  the  leading  men  of  his  day.  '  The 
Correspondence  of  George  Canning  and 
some  Intimate  Friends,'  edited  by  Josceline 
Bagot,  should  also  be  unusually  interest- 
ing, for  there  is  still  much  unpublished  of 
Canning's  papers.  Miss  Lillias  Campbell 
Davidson  is  writing  the  life  of  '  Catherine 
of  Braganca,'  which  involves  a  good  deal  of 
the  history  of  Charles  II.  ;  and  Miss  M.  F. 
Howard  is  editing  a  '  Memoir  of  Lettice, 
Lady  Falkland,'  which  was  written  by 
her  chaplain,  Dr.  John  Duncan,  in  1647. 

'  Modernism  :  a  Record  and  Review,' 
is  the  title  of  a  book  which  Sir  Isaac  Pit- 
man &  Sons  will  publish  immediately. 
The  author  is  the  Rev.  A.  L.  Lilley,  Vicar 
of  St.  Mary's,  Paddington,  whose  house  is 
a  rendezvous  for  continental  Modernists, 
and  who  has  had  special  opportunities  for 
getting  into  close  touch  with  the  move- 
ment. The  book  is  dedicated  by  per- 
mission to  Father  Tyrrell,  and  consists 
chiefly  of  articles  and  reviews  by  the 
author  which  have  appeared  during  the 
past  seven  or  eight  years,  an  Epistle  Dedi- 
catory, and  a  useful  Bibliography. 

Mr.  Unwtn  will  publish  this  spring 
1  The  Statutes  of  Wales,'  collected, 
arranged,  and  edited  by  Mr.  Ivor  Bowen, 
barrister- at-law  of  the  South  Wales  Cir- 
cuit. In  this  volume  all  the  important 
Acts  of  Parliament  relating  exclusively  or 
principally  to  Wales  which  have  been 
passed  since  the  time  of  Magna  Charta  by 
the  British  Legislature  will  be  reprinted 
in  full.  Most  of  these  statutes  are  to  be 
found  only  in  volumes  not  easily  accessible, 
and  Mr.  Bowen's  work  will,  for  the  first 
time,  present  these  interesting  constitu- 
tional documents  in  a  convenient  form. 
There  will  be  a  long  introduction  dealing 
with  the  history  of  the  legislation  affecting 
Wales  and  the  Welsh  Church. 

The  Bishop  of  Durham,  Bishop 
Welldon,  Principal  Fairbairn,  and 
others  contribute  to  the  February  number 
of  The  Sunday  at  Home  in  a  symposium  on 
1  How  I  became  a  Preacher.'  Prof.  R.  E. 
Welsh  writes  on  Holman  Hunt's  '  Shadow 
of  Death.'  Tomb-copying  in  Egypt  is 
described  by  Jessie  Mothersole.  The  Hon. 
M.  Cordelia  Leigh  gives  an  account  of 
1  The  Schools'  Mutual  Aid  Scheme,'  a 
recent  experiment  in  bringing  town  and 
county  schools  into  contact. 


Mk.  J.  Walter  Smith,  irho  has  bees 
one  of  the  editors  of  .Messrs.  Newnes  since 
1890,  lias  been  appointed  chief  editor  of 
Messrs.  Ca88ell  &  Co.  Mr.  Smith,  who  is 
now  thirty-nine,  was  educated  at  Harvard 
University,  and  came  to  England  as  the 
special  correspondent  of  The  Boston  Tran- 
script and  of  The  Literary  Era,  Phila- 
delphia. 

A  new  county  is  now  included  in 
Messrs.  Phillimore's  "  Parish  Register 
Series,"  as  next  week  the  first  volume  of 
Cambridgeshire  will  be  issued  to  sub- 
scribers ;  it  will  contain  the  Marriage 
Registers  of  St.  Edward's,  Cambridge, 
1558  to  1812,  and  two  rural  parishes,  Fen 
Drayton  and  Knapwell.  The  second 
volume,  now  printing,  will  deal  with 
St.  Sepulchre's  and  others. 

Messrs.  Putnam  have  in  preparation  a 
book  entitled  '  The  Twentieth-Century 
American,'  which  is  the  work  of  an  Eng- 
lishman, Mr.  H.  Perry  Robinson,  who  has 
been  in  the  United  States  for  twenty 
years,  and  travelled  extensively  in  the 
country. 

Messrs.  Constable  &  Co.  are  about 
to  issue  in  one  volume  a  popular  edition  of 
Mr.  Charles  Swynnerton's  '  Indian  Nights' 
Entertainment'  and  'Romantic  Tales  from 
the  Punjab.' 

At  the  annual  meeting  of  the  Edin- 
burgh Faculty  of  Advocates  on  Wednes- 
day the  Keeper  of  the  Advocates'  Library, 
Mr.  W.  K.  Dickson,  reported  that  the 
accessions  to  the  library  in  1907  numbered 
45,785.  The  total  in  ten  years  had  been 
439,877.  The  alterations  at  present  being 
carried  out,  and  the  new  south  wing  in 
course  of  erection,  will  give  mere  room 
for  book  storage  and  a  new  manuscript 
room. 

Mr.  A.  H.  Mtllar  has  been  appointed 
Librarian  of  Dundee  Public  Library  in 
succession  to  the  late  Mr.  John  Mac- 
lauchan.  Mr.  Millar,  who  has  been  on  the 
staff  of  The  Dundee  Advertiser  for  twenty- 
seven  years,  is  author  of  several  works, 
including  '  The  History  of  Rob  Roy,' 
'  Castles  and  Mansions  of  Ayrshire,' 
•  Quaint  Bits  of  Glasgow,'  '  The  Roll  of 
Eminent  Burgesses  of  Dundee,'  and  '  The 
Historical  Castles  and  Mansions  of  Scot- 
land.' 

The  Glasgow  Ballad  Club  is  some- 
thing of  a  unique  institution,  candidates 
for  membership  having  to  submit  samples 
of  their  work  and  be  voted  upon  there- 
after by  ballot.  A  third  volume  of  the 
Club  is  about  to  be  issued  by  Messrs. 
Blackwood,  with  a  portrait  of  the  founder, 
the  late  Mr.  William  Freeland,  several  of 
whose  poems  will  be  included.  The  pre- 
vious publications  of  the  Club  are  ex- 
tremely scarce. 

The  four  thousandth  volume  of  the 
Tauchnitz  English  Series,  which  is  about 
to  appear,  will  be  a  '  Manual  of  American 
Literature.'  It  has  been  written  by  Mr. 
Theodore  Stanton,  assisted  by  several  pro- 
fessors of  English  in  Cornell  University. 

Mr.  Murray  is  publishing  for  Mr.  R.  E. 
Prothero  '  The  Pleasant  Land  of  France,' 
essays  dealing   with  life  in    a   provincial 


town,  and  including  discussions  of  French 
farming  ;  folk-lore  gathered  in  Touraine, 
Herri,  Poitou,  and  Perigord  ;  Rabelais ; 
and  the  associations  of  Fontainebleau. 

Sir  .John  <o>rst  has  written,  and  Sir 
Isaac  Pitman  &  Sons  will  ■hortly  publish, 
a  book  of  Recollections,  called  '  New 
Zealand  Revisited.'  In  1906  Sir  John 
was  invited  by  the  British  Government  to 
represent  it  at  the  opening  of  the  Inter- 
national Exhibition  at  Christ  Church,  New 
Zealand.  This  was  his  second  visit  to 
the  colony.  The  first  was  in  the  early 
sixties,  the  period  immediately  preceding 
the  outbreak  of  the  Maori  War,  when  be 
first  served  in  an  official  capacity  as  Com- 
missioner of  Waikato  under  Sir  George 
Grey.  Naturally,  his  recent  visit  sug- 
gested contrasts  between  old  and  new 
conditions. 

The  arrangements  of  University  College, 
London,  include  a  course  of  public  lectures 
by  Mr.  Fitzmaurice-Kelly  on  '  Spanish 
Literature,'  which  began  on  Thursday  last 
with  '  The  Cid.'  On  the  same  day  Prof. 
W.  P.  Ker  continued  his  course  on  '  Eng- 
lish Literature  in  the  Fifteenth  and 
Sixteenth  Centuries.'  The  public  Barlow 
Lectures  on  Dante's  '  Paradiso '  will  be 
given  by  the  Rev.  E.  Moore  on  Wednesday 
and  Thursday  afternoons,  February  5th 
and  6th,  12th  and  13th.  19th  and  20th. 

The  Right  Hon.  A.  H.  D.  Acland  has 
been  elected  President  of  the  English 
Association  for  1908.  He  was  the  chief 
guest  at  the  annual  dinner,  where  there 
was  some  admirable  speaking.  The 
Master  of  Trinity,  the  outgoing  Presi- 
dent, dwelt  on  the  necessity  of  teachers 
being  able  to  fire  the  imagination  of  their 
pupils  concerning  literary  study.  Among 
the  other  speakers  were  Mr.  Acland,  Prof. 
C.  H.  Firth,  Prof.  C.  A.  Bradley,  Mr. 
P.  A.  Barnett,  and  Prof.  Potter  of  Brown 
University,  U.S.A. 

At  the  sessions  on  Saturday,  in  addition 
to  the  papers  arranged  for,  interesting 
speeches  were  made  by  Prof.  Raleigh,  who 
defined  the  introduction  to  literature  in 
any  full  sense  as  an  introduction  to  life 
itself  ;  and  by  Prof.  Mackail,  who  declared 
that  to  deal  with  literature  in  vital  fashion 
the  teacher  must  efface  himself.  Mr. 
Sidney  Lee,  in  speaking  on  the  teaching 
of  Shakspeare,  pointed  out  the  great 
influence  the  study  of  the  great  dramatist 
should  exert  on  the  mind  and  heart  of  the 
pupil,  and  urged  that  all  care  should  be 
taken  to  prevent  Shakspeare  becoming 
the  "  drill'd  dull  lesson."  Prof.  Boas,  Mr. 
Valentine,  and  others  took  part  in  the 
discussion.  A  leaflet,  '  A  Shakespeare 
Reference  Library  for  Teachers,'  prepared 
by  Mr.  Lee,  will  be  shortly  issued  by  the 
Association. 

A  Commission  has  been  appointed  to 
make  an  inventory  of  ancient  and  his- 
torical Scottish  monuments  and  construc- 
tions illustrative  of  contemporary  culture, 
civilization,  and  conditions  of  life  of  the 
people  in  Scotland  from  the  earliest  times 
to  the  year  1707,  and  to  specify  those  which 
seem  worthy  of  preservation.  Sir  Herbert 
Maxwell  is  Chairman,  and  other  members 
of  the  Commission  are  Lord  Guthrie,  Prof. 


No.  4186,  Jan   18,  1908 


THE     ATHENilUM 


81 


G.  Baldwin  Brown,  Dr.  Boyce,  Mr.  F.  C. 
Buchanan,  Mr.  W.  T.  Oldrieve,  and  Mr. 
Thomas  Ross,  with  Mr.  A.  G.  Curie  as 
Secretary. 

The  inaugural  meeting  of  the  newly 
formed  Association  for  the  Promotion  of 
Classical  Learning  in  Ireland  was  held  in 
the  Lecture  Theatre  of  the  Royal  Dublin 
Society  on  Tuesday  last.  Mr.  Justice 
Madden  took  the  chair,  and  Mr.  S.  H. 
Butcher,  M.P.,  delivered  a  presidential 
address  on  the  importance  of  classical 
studies. 

The  official  returns  from  the  German 
universities  show  an  increase  of  1,335 
students,  as  compared  with  the  winter 
session  of  the  preceding  year.  There  were 
46,471  matriculated  students.  There  was 
an  increase  of  nearly  1,000  in  the  students 
of  philology  and  history,  and  a  decrease 
of  over  200  in  the  law  students ;  while 
the  number  of  those  who  study  agricul- 
ture is  steadily  rising.  Berlin  heads  the 
list  with  8,220  students,  Munich  has  5,943, 
Leipsic  4,341,  Bonn  3,209,  Gottingen 
1,857,  Strassburg  1,709,  Heidelberg  1,676, 
Marburg  1,670,  Wiirzburg  1,382,  Jena 
1,375,  Giessen  1,144,  Konigsberg  1,105, 
and  Kiel  1,025. 

We  note  the  publication  of  the  follow- 
ing Parliamentary  Paper  :  Special  Reports 
on  Educational  Subjects,  Vol.  21,  dealing 
with  School  Excursions  and  Vacation 
Schools.  This  includes  notes  on  two 
French  experiments,  on  Vacation  Schools 
in  England,  on  country  schools  for  back- 
ward children,  on  school  journeys  taken 
by  Jena  boys  and  by  English  schoolboys, 
a  '  Note  on  Foreign  Travel,'  &c,  (5^d). 
We  also  name  another  paper  under  'Science 
Gossip.' 

SCIENCE 


OUR    LIBRARY    TABLE. 

Health  in  the  School  ;  or,  Hygiene  for 
Teachers.  By  J.  S.  C.  Elkington.  (Blackie 
&  Son.) — Going  to  school  is  not  a  natural 
proceeding,  but  it  is  a  necessary  one.  The 
physical  restraints  of  the  schoolroom,  and 
the  conditions  under  which  lessons  are  carried 
on,  are  not  in  general  conducive  to  health, 
but,  unless  the  claims  of  hygiene  are  fairly 
and  adequately  considered,  distinctly  in- 
jurious. This  becomes  a  serious  matter, 
mid  one  of  national  importance,  when  it 
La  remembered  that,  during  term  time  in  a 
public  elementary  school,  children  are  in 
their  classes  for  at  least  five  hours  out  of 
twenty-four  on  five  consecutive  days  in 
each  week :  in  boarding  schools  of  all 
tirades  weekly  school  attendance  is  longer. 
It  must  moreover  be  remembered  that  the 
immature  frames  of  boys  and  girls  are  far 
more  susceptible  to  the  influences  of  environ- 
ment than  are  the  full-grown  bodies  of  adults; 
also  that  the  stress  of  schoolwork  falls 
most  heavily  on  children's  most  delicate 
organs,  their  nervous  centres  and  organs 
of  sense.  Dr.  Elkington  directs  attention 
to  the  circumstances  of  school  life,  and  shows 
how  much  teachers  themselves  may  do, 
even  in  unsatisfactory  premises  and  under 
unsympathetic  or  injudicious  management, 
to  maintain  and  improve  the  health,  both 
in  body  and  mind,  of  the  scholars  committed 
to  thoir  charge.  He  considers  the  hygiene 
of  the  body  in  his  earlier  chapters  (and,  in 


our  opinion,  he  has  taken  the  subjects  in 
the  right  order)  ;  and  he  emphasizes 
the  value  of  the  work  done  in  the  nursery  or 
kindergarten,  for  "it  is  in  the  infant  rooms 
that  the  material  is  most  delicate  and  most 
plastic,  and  that  it  is  above  all  at  the  age  of 
habit-formation."  Dr.  Elkington's  treatment 
of  "  Health  in  the  School  "  deserves  high 
commendation.  He  uses  no  unnecessary 
words,  and  has  succeeded  in  compressing 
into  fewer  than  200  pages  all  that  the 
ordinary  schoolmaster  and  schoolmistress 
need  know  about  the  matter,  shows  them  how 
to  apply  the  knowledge,  and  impresses  upon 
them  the  fact  that  it  is  their  duty  to  apply  it. 
He  wastes  no  chapters  in  discussing  investiga- 
tions into  psychology  and  physiology,  but 
being  himself  an  expert  in  these  subjects, 
selects  the  undoubted  results  and  recognized 
facts  of  these  sciences,  and  applies  them  at 
once  to  the  arrangement  of  premises,  organ- 
ization of  studies,  and  amelioration  of  the 
conditions  of  school  life.  The  foundation 
of  school  hygiene  is,  as  the  author  frequently 
insists,  "  just  plain  common  sense  "  ;  he 
assumes  the  same  basis  for  his  treatise,  and 
has  produced  a  handy  little  volume  at  once 
practical  and  suggestive. 

The  ventilation,  lighting,  warming,  and 
furnishing  of  schools  are  fully  treated  ; 
and  teachers  are  clearly  shown  how  much 
the  efficient  maintenance  of  these  processes 
when  the  apparatus  is  of  the  best  quality, 
and  their  amelioration  when  the  apparatus 
is  old-fashioned  or  defective,  depend  on 
them,  i.e.,  on  their  common  sense  and  desire 
to  make  the  best  of  things.  They  are  also 
told  how  much  the  present  and  future 
welfare  and  intellectual  and  moral  develop- 
ment of  their  pupils  depend  on  the  right  use 
of  premises  as  they  exist — structural  im- 
provements, however  needful,  being  beyond 
the  teachers'  control.  A  discussion  of 
school  ailments  and  the  commoner  accidents 
to  scholars  follows  that  of  the  buildings, 
and  the  advice  given  is  clear  and  definite, 
teachers  being  told  what  to  do  at  the 
time  of  emergency  rather  than  what  to 
think  or  study  before  or  after  it.  A  useful 
chapter  is  devoted  to  defects  of  special 
senses,  tests  of  sight,  hearing,  &c.  ;  and 
another  to  such  interesting  questions  as 
the  personal  factor,  fatigue,  recreation, 
sleep,  and  the  like. 

The  question  of  the  "  curriculum  and  its 
hygienic  arrangement  "  is  judiciously  con- 
sidered. Age  being  "  perhaps  the  dominant 
factor  of  school  life,"  the  scope  and  methods 
of  infants'  schools  are  first  reviewed  ;  and 
then  we  learn  that  the  "  fatigue  values  of 
subjects,"  the  arrangement  of  the  time- 
table, the  necessity  of  "  intervals  for  physical 
occupation  and  recreation,"  the  advisability 
and  duration  of  homework,  shotild  be  sub- 
mitted to  the  judgment  of  the  doctor  as 
well  as  the  schoolmaster.  In  fact,  the 
collaboration  of  physiology  with  pedagogy 
is  essential  to  the  maintenance  of  the  highest 
efficiency  of  a  school.  Not  only,  according 
to  the  author,  should  hygiene  be  considered 
in  the  drawing-up  of  a  judiciously  arranged 
time-table,  but  he  also  enforces  the  ex- 
pediency and  practicability  of  introducing 
the  subject  into  the  daily  routine  of  class- 
work. 

Lessons  in  Practical  Hygiene.  By  Alice 
Ravenhill.  With  Preface  by  Prof.  M.  E. 
Sadler.  (Leeds,  Arnold  &  Son.) — Any  one 
who  worked  through  the  exercises  recom- 
mended and  described  in  Miss  Raven- 
hill's  '  Lessons  in  Practical  Hygiene  '  would 
gain  a  sound  knowledge  of  life  in  all  its 
phases  of  health  as  well  as  of  those  factors 
which  lead  to  longovity.  But  it  is  unlikely 
that  any  individual  or  school  class  could  find 
time    for    so    extended    a    course    of    study 


as  is  here  prescribed,  and  the  value  of  the 
book  will  consist,  therefore,  in  the  sugges- 
tions which  it  contains  for  the  use  of  teachers. 
A  judicious  selection  from  its  several  parts 
will  not  only  vary  the  monotony 
of  class  work,  but  will  also  enable  the 
teacher  to  give  correct  answers  to  many 
awkward  questions.  The  first  part  treats 
of  biology  and  some  of  the  simpler  charac- 
teristics of  air  and  water.  The  succeeding 
parts  deal  with  anatonvy,  physiology,  and 
dietetics,  with  some  exercises  on  personal 
hygiene,  first  aid,  and  principles  leading 
respectively  to  healthy  and  unhealthy 
dwellings.  There  is  a  bibliography  for  those 
who  desire  to  advance  their  knowledge 
still  further  in  any  subject  of  which  the  book 
treats,  a  glossary  for  those  who  are  unskilled 
in  the  classical  languages,  a  good  index, 
and  two  pages  of  introduction  by  Prof. 
M.  E.  Sadler,  one  of  the  most  enlightened 
exponents  of  modern  education.  The  book  is 
throughout  sufficiently  illustrated. 

Miss  Ravenhill 's  method  consists  in  de- 
scribing an  experiment  to  show  some  definite 
point,  the  details  being  sufficient  to  enable 
the  whole  to  be  accurately  carried  out 
by  any  moderately  careful  person. 
Cautions  are  added  where  necessary  ;  and 
at  the  end  of  each  experiment  is  a  note 
ext  laining  the  principles  involved  and 
elucidated. 


SOCIETIES. 


Astronomical. — Jan.  10. — Mr.  H.  F.  Newall, 
President,  in  the  chair.  Sir  Robert  Ball  read  a 
paper  on  the  single  equation  which  comprises  the 
theory  of  the  fundamental  instruments  of  the 
observatory.  He  showed  that  all  the  ordinary 
formula?  used  in  connexion  with  the  different 
instruments  can  be  deduced  as  particular  cases  of 
the  general  equation. — Prof.  Kapteyn  gave  an 
account  of  his  investigation  on  the  number  of  stars 
of  determined  magnitude  and  determined  galactic 
latitude.  Previous  researches  in  this  direction  had 
been  more  or  less  vitiated  by  not  being  based  on  a 
trustworthy  photometric  scale,  and  by  depending 
on  stars  of  too  small  a  range  of  magnitude.  He 
presented  a  copy  of  his  full  investigation,  just 
published  by  the  Groningen  Astronomical  Labora- 
tory.— The  Astronomer  Royal  read  a  paper  on 
observations  of  the  ninth  satellite  of  Saturn 
(Phoebe)  from  photographs  taken  at  the  Royal 
Observatory  in  1907. — Mr.  Stratton  gave  a  short 
account  of  a  paper  on  the  proper  motions  of  faint 
stars  in  the  Pleiades,  Prof  Turner  also  contributing 
a  short  note  on  the  same  subject. — Mr.  Crommelin 
read  a  second  paper,  by  Mr.  Cowell  and  himself, 
on  the  perturbations  of  Halley's  comet  in  the  past, 
the  present  communication  dealing  with  the 
apparition  of  1222.  They  concluded  that  Hind's 
identification  was  incorrect,  and  had  found  a 
comet  recorded  in  the  annals  of  the  Chinese,  which 
was  probably  an  appearance  of  the  comet  of  Halley. 
They  had  not  completed  their  calculations  with 
regard  to  the  comet  of  1066,  represented  on  the 
Bayeux  tapestry,  but  believed  it  would  prove  to 
be  also  an  appearance  of  Halley  *s  comet. — The 
Astronomer  Royal  presented  a  paper,  by  himself 
and  Mr.  Harold  Christie,  on  an  improved  illumina- 
tion of  the  field  in  a  transit  instrument,  and  showed 
a  number  of  data  exhibiting  the  improved  results 
of  this  illumination  on  the  discordance  in  reversed 
positions  of  the  instrument. 


Mathematical. — Jan.  9. — Prof.  W.  Burnsido. 
President,  in  the  chair. — Mr.  T.  J.  Garstang  was 
elected  a  Member. — Prof.  A.  E.  H.  Lore  spoke  on 
'The  Distinctive  Chamoter  of  Lord  Kelvin's 
Mathematical  Investigations,'  and  moved  a  reso- 
lution of  condolence  with  Lady  Kelvin.  This  was 
seconded  by  Sir  W.  I).  Niven,  and  carried  unani- 
mously.— Communications  were  made  as  follows  : 
'  On  a  Formula  of  Interpolation,'  by  Mr.  C.  S. 
Jackson, — '  Hilbcrt's  Invariant  Integral  in  the 
Calculus  of  Variations,"  by  Mr.  T.  .J.  PA.  Broin 
wich, — and  '  An  Operator  related  to  q  Series,'  by 
the  Rev,  P.  H.  Jackson. 


82 


T  II  E    AT  II  ENJEUM 


No.  4180,  Jan.  18,  1908 


MliniXl.S  NKXT  nn 
m         Loodoe  institution.  ■  -  '  Bmmti  bM  m  Dm*  Bm  Mrlaft'  Mr. 

—  Bodot)  of  ArU   -  -Tli.  Th.-.nv  mi.l  Pnutlrcof  eiixknmking,' 

i      i.i     Mr   ll.  II   Cunynibania     iCantoi  La  tun  I 
_       h.~  i.  'v.-     'Infant  Mortality,' Dr   It    II  ut«  hlson, 

Ti.-.    Royal  imtltutlon.  s.— 'Tin  Internal  Knot  DUhrwl   Am 
m  ,1-    1...  lure  II  .  It   A   A   Gray. 

—  Suti-tu  il     II   -'Home    Unooniidared    Factors   uffi-ctlnir    the 

Birthrate,' Hi   Reginald  Dudfleld. 

—  Institution  of  c  nil  Engloeen,  8     'Experimental  InTettlga 

ttoni  ,.(  tin-  Btreaeea  m  Haaonrjr  I>nms  aulm-ctecl  to  Wuter 
re.  Sir  .1  W  Ottlej  and  Dr.  A.  w.  Hrlphtniorc  ; 
M     iii     Dami:    an    F'xi«riiiientul    Inveatiirtition    hy 

meaiia of  India-rubber  Models,  Ueam  J.  8.  Wflaonandw. 
'Straws  in  Moonrj  Dama,  Mr.  K.  Preeoot  Hill. 

—  Society  of  Artii.  8,— "The  Art  of  Jewellery,'  Mrs.  Hadawoy. 

.Applied  Art  Section. I 
Win.     Hoyul  Society  of    Literature,   8.— 'Tolstoi  as    Shakespearean 
Critic.'  Prof.  J.  B.  Mayor. 

—  Geological.  8 —'Tile  Hrigin  of  the  Pillow-Lava  near  Port  Isaac 

in  Cornwall.'  Messrs.  0.  Itcid  and  H.  Dewey';  '(In  Bob 
■  liv i-i<-r»  of  the  Chalk  of  TrlminiiiKhuiii,  Norfolk.'  Mr.  M. 
Brydona, 

—  Society  of  Aits.  8.— 'Siam  an.l  its  People,'  Mr.  It    II    Hillman. 
Tin  us.  Itoyal   Institution.   3.— 'Recent   Lioht    on     Ancient    Physio- 
graphies,' Lecture  II.,  Prof.  W.  W.  Watts. 

—  Royal  Society.  4.30. 

—  London  Institution.  6  —'The  Furniture  of  an  English  House 

a  Century  Ago,'  Mr.  C.  J.  Tabor. 

—  Institution     of     Electrical     Engineers,     8,— '  Standard     Per- 

formances of  Electrical  Machinery,'  Mr.  R.  Goldschini.lt. 
Society  of  Antiquaries.  8.30. 


Fill. 


Sat. 


Physical,  5.— '  Recalescence  Curves,'  Mr.  W.  Rosenhain  ;  'An 
Experimental  Examination  of  Gihhs'  Theory  of  Surface 
Concentration,  anil  an  Application  to  the  Theory  of  Dyeing,' 
Mr.  \V.  0,  M.  Lewis. 

Institution  of  Civil  Engineers,  8.—'  A  Cost  Theory  of  Itein- 
foreed-Concrete  Beams,'  Mr.  J.  R.  Wade  ;  The  Neutral  Axis 
In  Reinforccd-Concrete  Beams,'  Mr.  E.  I.  Spiers.  (Students' 
Meeting.  I 

Royal  Institution,  9.— 'The  Extinction  of  Malta  Fever,' 
«'ol.  D.  Bruce. 

Mathematical  Association.  2.30.— Annual  Meeting  :  Presi- 
dent's Address.  Papers:  'On  the  Teaching  of  Elementary 
Mechanics.'  Mr.  W.  ,T.  Dorhs  ;  '  On  the  Teaching  of  the 
Elements  of  Analysis,'  Mr.  0.  O.  Tuckey ;  'On  the 
Geometrical  Treatment  of  Series  in  Trigonometry.'  Mr. 
F.  J.  W.  Whipple;  'On  a  New  Treatment  of  Similarity  in 
Elementary  Geometry,'  Mr.  W.  E.  Bryan. 

Royal  Institution,  3.— 'The  Electrification  of  Railways,' 
Lecture  II.,  Prof.  G.  Kapp. 


SScunze  (Sosstp. 

Mr.  A.  E.  Shipley  is  republishing  with 
Mr.  Murray,  under  the  title  of  '  Pearls  and 
Parasites,'  a  number  of  essays  which  have 
for  the  most  part  appeared  in  The  Quarterly 
Review.  The  book  will  include  an  account 
of  life  in  the  deep-sea  abysses,  the  British 
fishery  question,  and  the  work  of  Pasteur  in 
elucidating  the  origin  of  disease. 

Mr.  Murray  is  also  publishing  '  From 
Peking  to  Sikhim,'  by  Count  de  Lesdain,  the 
record  of  a  journey  carried  out  by  him  and 
his  wife  through  the  district  of  the  Ordos 
Desert,  which  lies  in  a  bend  of  the  Hoang- 
Ho  ;  thence,  by  the  province  of  Kansu,  across 
a  high  mountainous  district  into  the  valley 
of  the  Yangtse,  and  so  to  Tibet. 

'  The  Origin  of  Vertebrates,'  by  Dr. 
Walter  H.  Gaskell,  which  Messrs.  Longman 
have  in  the  press,  is  the  outcome  of  twenty 
years'  work.  In  it  is  put  forth  a  theory  of 
the  origin  of  Vertebrates  which  is  based  upon 
two  propositions  :  ( 1 )  that  the  essential 
factor  for  the  upward  evolution  of  all 
animals  is  growth  of  brain-power  ;  (2)  that 
each  higher  group  of  animals  has  arisen 
from  some  member  of  the  highest  group 
evolved  up  to  that  time,  and  not  from  a 
lower  group.  A  special  chapter  is  devoted  to 
the  consideration  of  the  difficulties  presented 
by  current  embryological  doctrines. 

We  note  the  issue  as  a  Parliamentary 
Paper  of  the  Annual  Report  of  Proceedings 
under  the  Sale  of  Food  and  Drugs  Acts, 
1875  to  1899,  the  Merchandise  Marks  Act 
1887  to  1894,  &c.  {Id.). 

At  a  meeting  of  friends  of  the  lale  John 
Samuel  Budgett,  held  in  Cambridge  on 
February  8th,  1904,  it  was  decided  to  per- 
petuate his  memory  by  the  publication 
of  a  memorial  volume  with  reprints  of  his 
various  zoological  papers,  and  descriptions 
of  the  more  important  material  brought 
back  by  him  on  his  various  expeditions. 
The  Syndics  of  the  Cambridge  University 
Press  undertook  the  responsibilities  of 
publication,  the  heavy  expenses  of  illustra- 
tion being  met  by  a  fund  subscribed  by 
Budgett's  friends.  The  volume  has  been 
edited  by  Prof.  Graham  Kerr.  Mr.  A.  E. 
Shipley  has  acted  as  Hon.  Treasurer  of  the 
fund,  lias  contributed  a  biographical  sketch, 


and    helped    in    many    ways    towards    the 

bringing  out  of  the  volume. 

DtraixG  the  last  "few  months  many  in- 
teresting specimens  have  been  added  by 
gift  to  the  collections  in  the  Natural 
History  Department  of  the  Royal  Scottish 
Museum.  In  the  course  of  the  excavations 
recently  carried  on  at  the  old  Roman 
military  camp  at  Newstead,  near  Melrose, 
many  bones  of  dogs,  deer,  and  horses  were 
discovered.  From  the  remains  of  the 
last,  an  almost  complete  skeleton  of  a  Koman 
horse  has  been  built  np,  and  is  now  exhibited 
in  the  Small  Mammal  Hall.  Note  should 
also  be  made  of  the  specimens  of  a  small 
"  leaf-footed  "  crustacean,  the  shield-shrimp 
(Apus  cancriformis).  This  tiny  creature, 
scarcely  two  inches  long,  was  discovered  in 
185  0  in  some  ponds  in  England,  but  since 
that  date  had  not  been  recorded  for  Britain, 
and  was  regarded  as  extinct,  until,  in  Sep- 
tember last,  examples  were  discovered  in 
a  pond  in  Kirkcudbrightshire. 

Photographic  registrations  of  Encke's 
periodical  comet,  which  has  never  failed 
to  return  since  its  period  was  determined 
in  1818,  were  obtained  by  Prof.  Max  Wolf 
at  the  Astrophysical  Institute,  Konigstuhl, 
Heidelberg,  on  Christmas  Day  and  again 
on  the  2nd  inst.,  the  brightness  on  both 
occasions  being  estimated  to  be  of  only  about 
the  thirteenth  magnitude.  It  is  situated 
in  the  constellation  Pisces,  moving  in  a 
north-easterly  direction  towards  Aries.  The 
perihelion  passage  will  not  be  due  until 
about  the  end  of  April  ;  the  last  took  place 
on  Janaury  4th,  1905. 

Two  faint  small  planets  were  photo- 
graphically discovered  by  Mr.  Metcalf  at 
Taunton,  Mass.,  on  the  27th  of  November 
and  the  11th  of  December  respectively  ; 
one  by  Prof.  Max  Wolf  on  the  3rd  inst., 
and  two  (the  second  remarkably  bright  for 
a  recent  discovery,  being  nearly  equal  to  a 
star  of  the  ninth  magnitude)  by  Herr  Kopff 
of  Konigstuhl,  on  the  3rd  and  4th  inst. 
respectively.  In  No.  4226  of  the  Astrono- 
mische  Nachrichten  is  given  a  list  of  the 
results  of  a  large  number  of  observations 
of  small  planets  obtained  by  Father  Tsut- 
sihashi  at  the  Observatory  of  Z6-se,  China, 
which  is  situated  near  the  coast,  to  the 
south-east  of  Nanking. 


FINE   ARTS 


THE    INTERNATIONAL    SOCIETY    OF 

PAINTERS,    SCULPTORS,    AND 

GRAVERS. 


At  the  New  Gallery  the  eighth  exhibition 
of  this  Society  contains  few  examples  of 
the  lasting  interest  that  attaches  to  work 
of  the  best  period  of  art,  and  although  this 
gives  to  the  show  an  unsatisfactory  look 
of  flippancy,  yet  it  should  be  remembered 
that  experimental  art  and  the  passing 
attractiveness  of  topical  and  journalistic 
motives  have  a  legitimate  claim  on  our 
attention.  In  England  the  policy  of  illus- 
trated journals  in  filling  their  pages  with 
photographs  has  almost  abolished  the  kind 
of  draughtsman  of  whom  Renouard  may 
be  cited  as  a  typical  example,  and  this 
freak  of  fortune  has  pressed  hard  on  some 
of  the  artists  of  the  "  International." 
Discouragement  has  settled  on  the  illustrators 
who  formed  a  large  part  of  the  original 
strength  of  the  Society,  and  there  is  a 
temptation  for  them,  as  for  other  artists 
of  the  brief  brilliance  proper  to  journalism, 
to  spend  their  talent  in  the  production  of 
flimsy  exhibition  works.     Such  a  picture,  as 


distinct  from  that  painted  for  the  intonate 
pleasures    of    possession,    is     difficult 
criticize,   because    it    hats    no   rctieon    d- 
except  as  an  introduction  to  something  else. 

It  is  fair  to  only  a  certain  proportion, 
therefore,  Of  these  arti-t-  to  judge  of  their 
work  by  its  success  or  failure  according 
to  the  older  standard  which  seeks  a  picture 
in  a  serious,  complex  thing  wherein  are 
many  strands  of  interest  mysteriously 
interwoven.  Among  the  others  may  be 
many  men  excellently  adapted  to  do  the 
transient  work  of  the  hour — work  which 
the  world  needs,  but  does  not  know  that 
it  needs,  if  we  may  judge  by  the  decline 
of  fine  illustrated  journalism  on  the  one 
hand,  and  the  absence  of  any  general  use 
of  decorative  painting  on  the  other.  These 
two  branches  of  their  profession  are  what 
most  of  these  artists  should  be  practising, 
were  art  playing  its  proper  part  in  the 
national  life,  and  they  are  fitted  for  one 
branch  or  the  other  according  as  their  gift3 
lie  in  the  direction  of  close  actuality  or  a 
more  generalized  treatment  of  life. 

The  small  "  Illustrators'  Gallery,"  with 
which  the  exhibition  opens,  while  it  is  the 
most  interesting  of  the  three,  brings  home 
to  one  the  extent  to  which  draughtsmen 
are  despairing  of  any  worthy  career  strictly 
in  the  domain  of  journalism.  How  much 
lively  observation  straight  from  life  we 
should  have  found  here  eight  years  ago  ! 
To-day  the  space  is  so  largely  given  up  to 
work  not  illustrative,  but  pictorial,  that 
one  lithograph,  Sam  of  Sorrow  Corner,  by 
Mr.  A.  S.  Hartrick,  remains  almost  the  sole 
representative  of  that  vigorous  naturalism 
which  then  promised  so  rich  a  store  of  raw- 
material  for  the  future  historian.  In  this 
sort  of  work  Mr.  Hartrick  is  a  master,  and 
we  regret  that  the  superb  series  of  topical 
drawings  that  appeared  in  the  early  numbers 
of  The  Daily  Graphic  is  not  being  continued 
to-day.  Excellent  in  another  fashion,  his- 
other  two  prints  of  more  permanent  and 
general  appeal,  Tlie  Crucifixion  and  Caliph 
Vathek,  do  not  give  quite  the  same  impres- 
sion of  being  the  productions  of  a  man  born 
to  do  this  work  and  no  other.  Mr.  E.  J. 
Sullivan's  best  exhibit,  Old  Darkie,  is  in 
similar  vein,  but  shows  slight  leanings 
towards  the  pictorial.  Mr.  Joseph  Pennell 
sends  some  etchings  which  may  tempt 
the  collector  more,  but  cannot  compare 
in  brilliance  and  charm  with  the  everyday 
pen  drawings  he  has  produced  in  such 
profusion  ;  nor  are  the  coloured  drawings 
of  Elizabeth  Shippen  Green  examples  of 
the  best  way  in  which  illustration  can  be 
influenced  by  painting.  In  England  and 
America  an  illustration,  owing  to  the  in- 
vention of  the  three-colour  process,  tends 
to  appioximate  in  appearance  to  an  easel 
picture — not  to  its  advantage.  In  France, 
on  the  other  hand,  thanks  to  a  public  that 
relishes  draughtsmanship  of  some  lightness 
and  continuity— thanks  also  to  the  develop- 
ment of  the  cartoon  as  a  serious  work  of 
art — illustrators  glide  naturally  and  suitably 
into  decorative  painting  of  the  lighter  kind  ; 
for  a  fine  cartoon  demands  just  that  power 
of  generalization,  of  abstraction  which 
marks  off  the  decorator  from  the  illustrator. 
Willette  might  be  cited  as  an  instance,  or 
Forain,  whose  work  we  shall  see  here  later. 
It  is  a  disappointment,  therefore,  to  find  that 
well-known  caitoonist  M.  Charles  Leandre 
responsible  for  A  Design  for  the  Decoration  of 
a  Brasserie  of  entirely  vulgar  and  realistic 
aim  ;  the  more  so  as  his  small  drawing 
beneath  it,  Les  Spares,  has  just  that  easy 
and  stylish  design  which  we  hoped  to  see  in 
his  decoration.  Jean  Veber  has  a  coloured 
etching  which  is  also  disappointing.  Hover- 
ing on  the  borderland  between  illustration 
and  decoration,  and  not  thorouglily  satisfac- 


No.  4186,  Jan.  18,  1908 


THE     ATHENiEUM 


83 


tory  as  either,  Louis  Legrand's  large  pastels 
are  extraordinarily  clever.  The  lady  getting 
out  her  glasses  in  La  Debutante  may  be 
mentioned  as  the  most  daring  and  dainty 
passage  of  draughtsmanship,  his  oil  paintings 
in  the  exhibition  being  flagrant  examples 
of  how  unwise  even  so  masterly  a  draughts- 
man may  be  when  he  allows  himself  to  be 
seduced  into  picture  painting.  Even  in 
the  drawings  he  is  somewhat  uneven,  the 
ballet  subjects  being  noticeably  coarser 
in  feeling  ;  while  Le  vieux  Berger,  in  which 
he  attempts  greater  elaboration,  is  metallic 
and  commonplace.  Sir  Charles  Holroyd's 
William  Strang,  A.R.A.,  and  Mr.  E.  Zak's 
portrait  are  better  examples  of  hard,  careful 
portraiture  in  imitation  of  early  masters, 
but  these  are  a  little  stiff  and  laboured. 

The  Femme  a  la  Fenetre  by  Degas  is  more 
truly  archaic  than  these  in  its  fine  delibera- 
tion of  touch,  and  here  we  come  to  a  more 
intimate  painting,  claiming  kinship  with  the 
marvel  of  stipple  that  represents  the  art 
of  Matthew  Maris.  Miss  Elaine  Lessore 
as  a  Child  is  typical  of  that  artist  in  the 
way  in  which  it  renders  the  mystery  of 
life,  yet  renders  apparently  very  little 
else ;  it  is  as  though  we  were  conscious 
of  the  presence  of  the  child  peering  at  us 
through  a  dirty  glass.  Of  the  same 
order  of  quiet,  penetrating  work  are  Mr. 
Muhrman's  pastels  The  Old  Cottage  and 
Snow  Scene,  Meissen,  and  the  excellent  water- 
colours  by  Mr.  Livens  of  scenes  at  Hastings. 
Of  the  coloured  prints  in  the  room,  Charles 
Cottet's  Deuil  Marin  is  a  decent,  unpreten- 
tious rendering  of  one  of  his  own  pictures  ; 
while  P.  Nordfelt  shows  himself  a  real 
master  of  that  art  of  printing  which  is 
technically  the  most  difficult  part  of  the 
Japanese  woodblock  process,  but  utilizes 
it  to  produce  a  beautiful  bit  of  stuff  rather 
than  for  purposes  of  expression.  Of  Mr. 
Morley  Fletcher  this  is  not  so  true,  and 
he  depends  less  on  Japanese  inspiration, 
but  is  still  too  intent  on  the  preciosity  of 
the  objet  d'art  to  attain  any  generous  degree 
of  creative  power. 


Jfiru-^ri  (gossip. 

Messes.  Ernest  Brown  &  Phillips  will 
hold  during  the  coming  season  an  exhibition 
of  the  works  of  the  late  J.  Buxton  Knight. 
It  will  include  paintings  and  water-colours. 

In  the  Art  Section  of  the  "  Entente- 
Cordiale "  French  Exhibition  to  be  held 
in  London  between  May  and  November 
of  this  year,  of  which  we  wrote  last  week, 
there  is  to  be  a  Retrospective  division. 

Yesterday,  at  University  College,  Lon- 
don, Prof.  E.  A.  Gardner  began  a  course  of 
lectures  on  '  The  Theatre  of  the  Greeks.' 

The  death  in  his  seventy-sixth  year  is 
announced  from  Berlin  of  the  well-known 
German  caricaturist  Wilholm  Busch,  whose 
'  Max  und  Moritz,'  of  which  he  was  botli 
author  and  illustrator,  has  taken  its  place 
among  the  classics  of  the  German  nursery. 
His  '  Munchner  Bilderbogen  '  enjoyed  a 
great  reputation,  and  the  accompanying 
verses  have  in  many  cases  become  household 
words.  He  was  a  master  of  the  art  of 
writing  nonsense  verses,  and  in  the  grotesque 
style  of  drawing  which  he  practised.  Among 
the  best  known  of  his  '  Bilderbopen  '  were 
tin'  comic  pictures  of  '  Der  Virtuoso1  and 
'  Diogenes  und  die  bosen  Buben  von  Korinth,' 
with  its  often-quoted  moral,  "  Das  kommt 
von  das." 

M.  Theodore  Jourdan,  whoso  death  at 
the  age  of  seventy-five  is  announced  this 
•week    from    Marseilles,    where     he    was    a 


professor  at  the  Ecole  les  Beaux-Arts,  was 
an  animal  painter  of  considerable  merit. 

M.  Camille  Groult,  of  Paris,  whose 
death  is  announced  at  the  age  of  seventy- 
six,  was  an  enterprising  collector  of  a  type 
which  would  have  delighted  Balzac.  Thanks 
to  a  prosperous  business,  M.  Groult  was 
able  to  buy  most  things  that  he  wanted.  He 
once  declared  that  he  bought  a  whole  col- 
lection in  order  to  secure  five  articles  in  it. 
His  own  collection  contains  many  fine  tilings 
of  the  French  eighteenth-century  school,  and 
his  mistakes  in  purchasing  early  English 
pictures  are  counterbalanced  by  some 
examples  of  the  first  rank — the  beautiful 
Gainsborough  of  Lady  Mulgrave,  and  the 
charming  Hoppner  of  Mary  Benwell,  and 
several  fine  Turners. 

Some  interesting  particulars  are  now 
available  about  the  discovery  a  month  ago 
of  an  extensive  Frank  cemetery  at  Haine- 
St.  Paul  in  Belgium,  At  the  present  time 
45  separate  tombs  have  been  opened,  and 
in  25  of  them  have  been  found  ornaments 
as  well  as  a  good  deal  of  the  black  pottery 
typical  of  the  Merovingian  period.  Three 
of  the  tombs  seem  to  have  been  reserved 
for  women,  to  judge  from  the  ornaments 
found  in  them,  which  include  bracelets, 
brooches,  and  rings.  The  cemetery  must 
have  been  in  use  for  a  long  time,  as  several 
different  ways  of  placing  the  bodies  are 
noted. 

EXHIBITIONS. 

Sit.    (Jan.  18).— Camsix  Art   Club  Exhibition  of  Pictures,  Private 
View.  Goupil  Gallery. 

—  French   Engraved    Portraits    and    Mezzotints    by    Xanteuil, 

Vaillaut.  anil  others,  Mr.  Gutekunst's  Gallery. 

—  Gardens   by   G.    S.   Elgood,    R.I.,    Private   View,    Fine-Art 

Society. 

—  Life  Work  of  the  late  Sir  Noel  Paton,  R.S.A..  Pore  Gallery. 

—  Pictures  of  Brittany  and  the   Isle    of  Skye,   by    C.    Lillian 

Sheppard.  and  small  Landscapes,  mostly  Euglish,   by  Rose 
Aspinall  Syers.  Dore  Galleries. 

—  Royal  Society   of    Miniature    Painters,   Thirteenth    Annual 

Exhibition,  Modern  Gallery. 

—  Sunshine  in   Greece,   Italy,   and  Albania,  Water  Colours  by 

Stephen   Simpson,   and    Etchings    and    Music    Pictures  by 
Pamela  Colman  Smith,  Baillie  Gallery. 


MUSIC 


iKusical  (gossip. 

Madame  Liza  Lehmann's  new  song-cycle, 
'  Nonsense  Songs,'  from  '  Alice  in  Wonder- 
land,' was  performed  for  the  first  time  at 
the  Chappell  Ballad  Concert  at  Queen's 
Hall  last  Saturday  afternoon.  In  her 
settings  of  Lewis  Carroll's  delightful  lyrics 
the  clever  composer  again  shows  that  she 
can  write  music  which  is  both  melodious 
and  diverting.  Madame  Lehmann  has 
dealt  in  her  most  entertaining  manner  with 
"  You  are  old,  Father  William,"  which, 
planned  as  a  duet  for  tenor  and  baritone, 
exhibits  pleading  strains  for  the  youth 
contrasted  with  firm  and  dignified  utterance 
on  the  part  of  the  old  man.  Very  humorous, 
too,  is  the  setting  of  "  They  told  me  you  had 
been  to  her,"  interrupted  by  recitatives, 
in  the  style  of  old  -  fashioned  Italian 
opera.  Of  the  songs,  '  Mock-Turtle  Sou])  ' 
and  '  The  Queen  of  Hearts ' — the  one  for 
tenor,  the  other  for  soprano — show  special 
refinement  and  charm.  An  admirable  per- 
formance was  given  by  Miss  Caroline 
Hatchard,  Miss  Palgrave  -  Turner,  Mr. 
Gregory  Hast,  and  Mr.  Hamilton  Earle, 
with  the  support  of  the  composer  in  the 
pianoforte  accompaniments. 

At  a  meeting  held  last  Monday  at  New- 
castle-on-Tyne,  with  the  Lord  Mayor  in  the 
chair,  it  was  resolved  to  establish  a 
Triennial  Musical  Festival  on  a  scale  similar 
to  those  of  Birmingham,  Leeds,  and 
Sheffield.  The  Duke  of  Northumberland 
was  unanimously  elected  President. 

Thk  prize  of  500/.  offered  by  Messrs. 
Ricordi  for  an  opera  in   English   has    been 


won  by  Dr.  Edward  Woodhall  Naylor. 
Messrs.  Joseph  Bennett,  Percy  Pitt,  Tito 
Ricordi,  and  Sir  Charles  Stanford  were 
the  adjudicators.  Dr.  Naylor  is  organist 
and  Lecturer  in  Music  at  Emmanuel  College, 
Cambridge. 

Verdi's  '  Falstaff  '  will  be  performed  by 
the  students  of  the  Royal  College  of  Music 
at  His  Majesty's  Theatre,  under  the  direction 
of  Sir  Charles  V.  Stanford,  on  Tuesday 
afternoon. 

'  Fidelio  '  was  announced  for  yesterday 
at  the  Vienna  Hofoper,  the  first  performance 
there  under  the  new  director,  Felix  Wein- 
gartner. 

Die  Musik  states  that  the  Municipal 
Museum  of  Erfurt  has  recently  acquired  a 
portrait  of  the  first  half  of  the  eighteenth 
century,  at  the  back  of  which  is  the  following 
inscription  :  "  Joh.  Sebast.  Bach,  born 
March  21,  1685,  at  Eisenach.*'  It  was  at 
first  supposed  to  be  the  portrait  which  Kittel, 
a  pupil  of  Bach,  is  known  to  have  possessed  ; 
but  it  does  not  agree  either  in  age  or  dress 
with  certain  known  details  concerning  that 
picture. 

M.  Henri  Marteau,  Professor  of  the 
Violin  at  the  Geneva  Conservatoire,  has 
been  appointed  successor  to  Dr.  Joseph 
Joachim  as  Professor  of  the  Violin  at  the 
Hochschule,  Berlin.  According  toLcMene- 
strel  of  last  Saturday,  however,  M.  Marteau, 
in  a  letter  to  the  Journal  de  Geneve,  states 
that  though  negotiations  have  been  opened, 
and  though  he  has  signed  a  protocol,  the 
matter  will  have  to  be  submitted  to  the 
Prussian  Minister  of  Finance,  and  afterwards 
to  the  Prussian  Diet. 


a™. 


Mon. 
Toes. 


Wko. 
Tiichs 


PERFORMANCES     NEXT     WEEK. 

Concert.  3.30.  Albert  Hall. 

Sunday  Society  Concert,  3.80,  Queen's  Hall. 

Sunday  League  Concert,  7,  Queen's  Hall 

The  Illuminated  Symphony,  s.15.  Queen's  Hall. 

'Falstaff'  by    Students    of  Royal    College    of   Music.  2,  His 

Majesty's. 
Miss  Daisy  Hansell's  Violin  Recital.  B.80.  Bechstein  Hall. 
Twelve  o'clock  Concert,  noon.  .Eolian  Hall, 
.loachim  Memorial  Concert.  8.  Queen's  Hall. 
Broadwood  Concert.  8.30,  .Eolian  Hall. 
t'happell's  Ballad  Concert,  2.30,  Queen's  Hall. 
Popular  Concert  for  Children  and  Young  Students,  3,  Steinway 

Hall. 
Miss  Myra  Hess's  Recital,  3.15,  ..Eolian  Hall. 


DRAMA 


THE   WEEK. 

Lyric. — A  White  Man  :  a  Romance  of  the 
West,  in  Four  Acts.  By  Edwin  Melton 
Royle. 
There  is  always  room  on  the  stage  for 
first-rate  melodrama — and  such,  in  its 
American  scenes,  '  A  White  Man '  may 
be  considered.  The  play  is  prodigal 
of  romantic  incidents,  emotional  crises, 
and  theatrical  situations  containing  the 
element  of  surprise  ;  and  the  setting 
of  its  story  is  at  once  picturesque 
and,  for  English  playgoers,  more  or  less 
novel.  It  is  only  by  depicting  faith- 
fully an  unfamiliar  environment  that 
a  writer  of  melodrama  can  show  originality 
or  give  the  appearance  of  getting  close  to 
life.  Compelled  by  the  conventions  of 
his  form  of  art  to  adopt,  as  the  springs  of 
the  action  of  his  characters,  extravagant 
motives  of  chivalry  and  self-sacrifice  on 
the  one  hand,  and  of  jealousy,  envy,  and 
hatred  on  the  other,  he  can  in  the  main 
present  but  one  unchanging  picture — that 

of  the  ultimate  triumph  of  virtue  over 
vice,  and  of  true  love  over  the  tyranny 
of  circumstance.  But  it  is  possible  for 
him   to   secure    variety  or    an    aspect    of 


,X4 


T  II  E     AT  II  EN  -i:  ('  M 


X<>.  U86,  .Ian.  18,  L908 


actuality  for  the  external.-  of  that   picture. 

Be  may,  for  inatanoe,  if  bii  play  lias  a 

military  <»r  naval  colour,  realise  vividly 
the  routine  of  cither  of  the  services.  Or 
v  hen,  as  is  the  case  with  Mr.  Milton  Royle, 
his  choice  falls  on  the  life  of  a  pioneer 
settlement  in  the  Far  West,  he  may  sketch 
in  natural  manner  the  superficial  features 
cf  such  rough  civilization.  Mr.  Royle  not 
only  enlists  our  interest  in  his  cowboys 
and  ranchers  and  "  toughs "  and  Red 
I  lulians,  in  his  scenes  of  banter  and  quarrel 
and  revolver-shooting  laid  in  a  makeshift 
drinking  saloon  ;  he  also  contrives  to 
render  the  whole  atmosphere  of  his  play 
extraordinarily  realistic.  No  wonder, 
then,  that  this  American  piece,  which 
boasts,  besides,  an  exciting  plot  and  makes 
a  strong  sentimental  appeal,  received 
a  more  than  friendly  first-night  reception. 
The  plot  is  compact  of  quixotry.  For 
example,  the  hero — a  young  officer  who 
is  heir  to  a  peerage — consents,  out  of  love 
for  a  married  woman,  to  plead  guilty  by 
flight  to  having  committed  a  fraud  which 
is  the  work  of  that  lady's  husband,  his 
titled  cousin.  Once  arrived  out  West, 
Jim  Carston,  as  he  calls  himself,  gives 
further  proof  of  his  chivalry  by  marrying 
an  Indian  girl  who  has  saved  his  life,  and 
by  becoming  in  consequence  a  "squaw- 
man,"  a  type  of  settler  unpopular  and 
socially  ostracized  in  the  States.  So  when 
the  inevitable  message  comes  telling  him 
that  his  cousin  has  died,  making  full  con- 
fession, and  that  he  himself  has  succeeded 
to  the  title,  and  might  perhaps  marry  his 
cousin's  widow,  the  news  arrives  too  late. 
Not  only  has  he  his  Indian  squaw  to 
consider,  but  also  a  little  son,  whose 
sudden  entry  with  the  cry  of  "  Daddy  !  " 
just  as  his  father  has  learnt  of  his  change 
of  fortune,  furnishes  one  of  the  most 
dramatic  moments  of  the  piece.  Jim 
decides  that  he  must  play  the  "  white 
man  "  still,  and  so  refuses  to  leave  his 
wife,  but  makes  arrangements  for  his 
boy's  education  in  England.  The  father's 
grief  at  parting  with  his  child  would  con- 
stitute the  most  affecting  scene  of  the 
play,  were  not  the  pathos  overstrained. 
As  it  is,  Jim  has  not,  after  all,  to  give  up 
Ms  boy,  for  the  mother,  in  despair  at 
losing  lier  son,  kills  herself,  and  so  cuts 
the  knot  of  her  husband's  embarrass- 
ments. 

Mr.  Lewis  Waller  has  provided  a  cast 
that  is  agreeably  efficient.  He  himself,  of 
course,  in  the  titular  part,  is  the  most 
gallant  and  resonant  of  self-sacrificing 
heroes.  His  ringing  voice  and  hand- 
some presence  have  rarely  shown  to  better 
advantage,  and  he  lends  a  pretty  touch 
of  sincerity  to  the  emotional  scenes. 
Hardly  less  effective  is  Mr.  George 
Fawcett  in  the  character  of  a  deli- 
berate, contentious  Yankee.  Miss  Nora 
Lancaster  is  a  trifle  artificial  as  the 
Countess,  Miss  Dorothy  Dix  producing 
much  more  effect  as  the  Indian  squaw, 
though  her  acting  is  almost  entirely  con- 
fined to  pantomime.  But  perhaps  the 
most  interesting  performances  are  given 
in  the  Indian  parts  by  real  Indians  em- 
ploying a  still-extant  dialect  which  has 
to  be  translated  to  the  English-speaking 


oharaotem,  as   well  as  to  the  audience,  by 
an  interpreter. 


The  Playa  of  Moliere.  8  vols.  (Edin- 
burgh, John  Grant.) — The  publication  of 
this  edition  of  Moliere'i  plays,  which  ■ 

begun  and  left  unfinished  by  another  firm, 
has  been  successfully  taken  over  by  Mr. 
John  Grant,  the  result  being  that  Un- 
complete set  of  eight  volumes  is  now  avail- 
able. Alongside  the  French  text,  which  is 
based  upon  the  edition  of  MM.  Eugene 
Despois  and  Paul  Mesnard,  is  an  English 
rendering  by  Mr.  A.  R.  Waller,  preceded 
by  a  critical  introduction  by  Prof.  Saints- 
bury,  and  illustrated  by  31  etchings  after 
Leloir.  Published  at  a  moderate  price, 
the  edition  is  designed  to  meet  the  require- 
ments of  those  playgoers  and  playlovers 
whose  purse  is  limited,  or  who  wish  to 
supplement  their  knowledge  of  French 
by  an  adequate  English  rendering. 

To  describe  the  English  portion  as  a 
translation  is  hardly  correct  ;  it  is  rather 
a  literal  rendering  in  English  prose,  and  the 
delicacy  of  diction  which  marks  the  French 
text  is  hardly  retained.  To  do  that,  how- 
ever, would  require  supreme  gifts,  and  we 
readily  admit  that  Mr.  Waller  has  accom- 
plished his  task  with  discretion  and  ability  ; 
the  result,  though  hardly  inspired,  is  a  sound 
and  sensible  version.  The  substitution  of 
the  French  equivalent  of  "  sir "  in  the 
English  translation,  occurring  as  it  does 
continually,  is  irritating.  Thus  we  read  : 
"  Ah  !  Monsieur  de  l'Armenie,  you  shall 
be  well  tanned,"  &c,  and  again,  "  So, 
Monsieur  impostor,  you  have,"  &c.  On 
occasion  there  is  a  coarseness  in  expression 
which  might  have  been  avoided.  Taking 
an  example  at  haphazard,  we  find  that  in 
'  Les  Precieuses  Ridicules '  Portibus  ex- 
claims :  "  Truly,  it  is  very  necessary  to 
spend  so  much  money  to  grease  your  mugs," 
as  a  rendering  of  "II  est  bien  necessaire 
vraiment  de  faire  tout  de  depense  pour 
vous  graisser  le  museau." 

The  etchings  after  Leloir  with  which  the 
various  volumes  are  embellished  are  ad- 
mirable. In  vol.  i.  is  Prof.  Saintsbury's 
lengthy  Introduction,  in  which  an  admirable 
sketch  is  given  of  Moliere' s  career,  together 
with  an  appreciative  and  critical  analysis  of 
the  principal  plays.  In  discussing  the  oft- 
repeated  insinuation  that  Moliere  was  not 
too  particular  as  to  whose  ideas  he  annexed 
in  order  to  form  a  foundation  for  his  own 
plays,  Prof.  Saintsbury  touches  upon  con- 
troversial matter,  and  his  conclusion  is  as 
followrs  : — 

"As  to  the  charges,  direct  or  indirect,  of  pla- 
giarism, it  cannot  at  this  time  of  day  be  necessary 
to  say  much.  It  is  practically  acknowledged  by 
all  critics  whose  opinion  is  of  the  slightest  value 
that  such  charges  are  only  valid  against  bad  writers, 
that  the  good  writer  may  take  his  property  (in 
Moliere's  own  attributed,  and  very  likely  genuine 
words)  where  he  finds  it." 

This  is  to  state  the  matter  too  lightly. 
The  fact  is  that  Moliere  belongs  to  the 
greatest ;  and  we  are  bound  to  forgive  the 
greatest  whatever  they  do. 


HOLGER    DRACHMANN. 

Denmark  has  lost  her  greatest  poet, 
and  Danish  literature  a  picturesque  figure, 
by  the  death  of  Holger  Drachmann  on  the 
14th  inst.,  at  the  age  of  sixty-one. 

Few  writers  have  been  so  prolific  as 
Drachmann,  who  in  all  published  some  fifty 
volumes  of  romantic  plays,  dramas,  lyrics 
and  epics,  tales  of  fishermen,  novels,  and 
travel  sketches,  often  illustrated  by  his  own 


a    -pinti-'l    v>-r-i'.!i    in    Dam 

of  '  Don  Juan.'     He  ha-  often  been  nai 
tin-    Penith    Byron,    En    view    r>oth    of    I 

■  nality     and     bin     choice     of     subjects. 
The  sea  had  a  perpetual  attraction  for  him. 
and   he   devoted    himself    to   it  a*   an   ar 
before  he  changed  the  palette  for  the  pen. 

In      1872     appeared     his     first      '  \ 
inspired    by    a    prolonged     stay    in    Land 
and   by  the  Commune  in  Paris,  the  sub. 
of  several   poems.     For  sonc  Drach- 

mann acknowledged  the  leadership  of 
Hrandes   as   one   of   the   chief    men    <>i   the 
"awakening"'  of  modern  Danish  litera* 
in     the     severities.      '  Songs     by     the     S> 
'  Venezia,'   '  Vines  and  Roses,'  and  '  Youth 
in  Poetry  and  Song,'  as  well  as  his  popular 
tales   of   fishermen   with    their   stru;.-. 
existence,  belong  to  this  period.     Lat- 
a  series  of  romantic  plays  and  poems,  a 
his    descriptions    of    the    last    proviace    of 
Sleswick    showed    that    his    radicalism    had 
matured    into    nationalism.     But    reaction 
soon  set  in  again,  and  in  the  eighties  Drach- 
mann was  once  more  to  be  found  in  the  nu 
of  the  opposition,  fighting  like  a  free  lanee. 
as  he  loved  to  describe  himself  in  his  poet 

He  then  travelled  abroad,  visiting  Ham- 
burg (where  he  braved  the  cholera  epidemic 
of  1892),  Skagen,  the  picturesque  fish 
town  at  the  meeting  of  the  North  Sea  and 
the  Kattegat,  and  various  towns  in  Denmark 
and  Norway,  and  paying  a  second  visit  to 
London  in  1900. 

Scathing  attacks  on  the  Copenhagen 
bourgeoisie    and    officialdom    appear    in    his 

novel  '  Pledged  to '  (1890),  perhaps  his 

most  characteristic  prose  work. 

He  is  best  known  to  England  as  a  dra- 
matist, and  published  a  dozen  or  so  of 
romantic  plays  ('  Volund  the  Smith,'  'Halfred 
the  Scald,'  '  Renaissance,'  '  Once  upon  a 
Time,'  '  Gurre '),  all  of  which  gained  a 
success  on  the  Copenhagen  stage.  In  the 
four  '  Melodramas,'  among  other  romantic 
plays,  Drachmann  may  be  said  to  have 
caught  the  spirit  of  the  Danish  ballads  and 
the  light  nights  of  the  Danish  midsummer. 

His  sixtieth  birthday  in  1906,  the  culmina- 
tion of  his  poetic  career,  was  celebrated  as  a 
national  event  in  Denmark.  He  died,  after 
having  been  in  poor  health  for  some  time,  at 
a  little  fishing  village. 


To  Correspondents.— C.   G.— J.    E.  B.  M.— G.   N 
T.  R.  E.  H.— O.  A.— H.  W.  T.— A.  R.  B.— Received. 

J.  B.  T. — Not  suitable  for  us. 

We  cannot  undertake  to  reply  to  inquiries  concerning  the 
appearance  of  reviews  of  books. 

We  do  not  undertake  to  give  the  value  of  books,  china, 
pictures,  &c. 

No  notice  can  be  taken  of  anonymous  communications. 


INDEX   TO   ADVERTISERS. 

— * — 

Authors'  Agents      

Beli.  &  Sons 61 

Blackwood  A  sons 63 

Cambridge  I "nivkrsity  Press 69 

Catalogues       68 

Clowes  &  son-  SS 

constable  a  co '  ♦ 

Cove         

educationai 

kxiiiuitions 

Burst  a  Blackett 6* 

I.UK1K 

Macmii.lan  A  CO 60,64 

Magazines,  Ac 

mercuke  de  Francs        

Miscellaneous 

Murray 

Notes  and  Queries 86 

Printers £8 

Provident  Institutions 

Sales  bt  Auction 

situations  Vacant 

situations  Wanted 6. 

smith,  Elder  A  Co 

Sonnknschein  A  Co 

Tyte-writers,  Ac 

Unwin       

Wanted  to  Purchase        °° 


No.  4186,  Jan.  18,  1908 


THE     ATHENiEUM 


85 


SWAN    SONNENSCHEIN    &   CO.,   Ltd 


THE    LIFE    AND    TIMES    OF 
THE    EMPRESS    PULCHERIA. 

By  ADA  B.  TEETGEN.    With  9  Illustrations  and  Map.    Demy  8vo,  cloth,  10s.  6d. 
"This  able  study  of  a  characteristic  figure  in  Roman  history— the  first  woman  that 
ruled  the  Romans— should  prove  welcome  to  students  who  like  to  explore  unfamiliar 
ground." — Scotsman. 

"It  contains  some  good,  sound  writing,  and  is  well  worth  a  study." 

St.  James's  Gazette. 

THE    ODES    OF    HORACE. 

A  Translation  and  an  Exposition.    By  E.  R.  GARNSEY,  B.A.    Demy  Svo,  6s. 

EPILEGOMENA    OF    HORACE. 

By  E.  R.  GARNSEY,  B.A.    Demy  8vo,  5s.  net. 


By 


ORA    MARITIMA    SERIES. 

Edited   by   Prof.    E.    A.    SONNENSCHEIN,    D.Litt. 
NEW  VOLUME  NOW  READY. 

THE    GREEK    WAR    OF    INDEPENDENCE. 

A  Greek  Text  for  Beginners,  with  Notes,  Exercises,  Vocabularies,  and  Maps. 

CHARLES  D.  CHAMBERS,  M.A.  Crown  8vo,  cloth,  3s. 
This  book  applies  to  Greek  the  methods  which  Prof.  Sonnenschein  has  expounded  in 
his  '  Ora  Maritiina '  and  '  Pro  Patria.'  It  is  assumed  that  pupils  beginning  Greek  will  have 
been  learning  Latin  for  at  least  two  years.  The  Story  of  the  Greek  War  of  Independence 
(1821-1827)  is  told  with  the  use  of  only  about  1,250  words,  nearly  all  of  which  occur  in 
Thucydides. 

ORA    MARITIMA. 

A  Latin  Story  for   Beginners,  with   Grammar   and   Exercises. 
SONNENSCHEIN,  D.Litt.     Crown  8vo,  cloth,  2s. 

PRO    PATRIA. 

A  Latin  Story.    Being  a  Sequel  to  '  Ora  Maritima,'  with  Grammar  and  Exercises  to 
the  end  of    the  regular  Accidence.    By  Prof.   E.   A.   SONNENSCHEIN,   D.Litt. 
Crown  8vo,  cloth,  2s.  6d. 
"  Prof.  Sonnenschein's  books  do  not  gild  the  pill.    They  merely  make  the  pill  a  healthy 
one." — Week's  Survey. 

AM    RHEIN. 

A  German  Story  for  Beginners  on  the  same  lines. 


By  Prof.   E.   A. 


By  C.  WICKMANN,  Ph.D. 

[In  preparation. 


NEW  AND  THOROUGHLY  REVISED  EDITION  OF 

INTRODUCTION    TO    THE    STUDY 
OF      ORGANIC      CHEMISTRY. 

A  Theoretical  and  Practical  Text-Book  for  Students  in  the  Universities  and 
Technical  Schools.  By  JOHN  WADE,  D.Sc.  (Loud.),  Lecturer  on  Chemistry  at  Guy's 
Hospital,  University  of  London.     Crown  8vo,  8s.  6d.  net. 

THE    CHILD    AND    THE    CURRICULUM. 

By  CATHERINE  I.  DODD,  M.A.     Crown  8vo,  2s.  6rf. 

THE    SCIENCE    OF    COMMON    LIFE. 

A  Theoretical  and  Practical  Text-Book  for  Students  in  Secondary,  Domestic 
Economy,  and  Rural  Schools.  By  JOHN  COPPOCK,  B.Sc.  (Lond.),  F.I.C.  F.C.S. 
With  70  Illustrations.    Crown  Svo,  3s.  GtZ. 

!0LD    MAIDS'    CHILDREN. 

By  EDITH  ESCOMBE.     Crown  8vo,  cloth,  3s.  M. 
"No  parent  can   read   this  really  charming  book  without  being  impressed  by  the 
l  profound  knowledge  of  child  life  manifested  by  the  authoress."—  Western  Mail. 

PRODUCTION.    A  Study  in  Economics. 

By  P.  H.  CASTBERG,  of  Christiania.    Demy  8vo,  10s.  6d. 

ARITHMETICAL    EXAMPLES. 

With  Answers.  By  J.  LOGAN,  F.R.G.S.,  Head  Master  of  the  Ormond  School  for 
Boys,  Dublin.    Crown  Svo,  Is. 

ARITHMETICAL    WRINKLES. 

By  J.  LOGAN,  F.B.G.S.,  Head  Master  of  the  Ormond  School  for  Boys,  Dublin. 
Crown  8vo,  Is. 


SURE    STEPS    TO    INTELLIGENT    FRENCH. 

By  H.  R.  BEASLEY,  late  Head  Master  of  Hornsey  Grammar  School.    Crown  Svo,  Is. 
"  An  endeavour  by  a  head  master  of  long  experience  to  break  the  dead  English  method 
of  teaching  a  language  by  its  grammar  alone." — Nottingham  Guardian. 

THE    STUDENT'S    HYGIENE. 

By  ERNEST  EVANS,  of  the  Technical  School,  Burnley,    Crown  Svo.  3s.  6d. 

AN    ELEMENTARY    TEXT- 
BOOK      OF     BOTANY. 

By  Dr.  SIDNEY  H.  VINES,  M.A.  D.Sc.  F.R.S.,  Sherardian  Professor  of  Botany  in 
the  University  of  Oxford.    483  Illustrations.     Demy  8vo,  9s. 

HANDBOOK    OF    SYSTEMATIC    BOTANY. 

By  Dr.  E.  WARMING.  Edited  by  M.  C.  POTTER,  M.  A.,  Professor  of  Botany  in  the 
Durham  College  of  Science.     With  610  Illustrations.     Demy  8vo,  15s. 

HISTORY    AND    ETHNO- 
GRAPHY   OF    SOUTH     AFRICA. 

(South  of  the  Zambesi.)  By  G.  M'CALL  THEAL.  Vol.  L— THE  PORTUGUESE 
IN  SOUTH  AFRICA,  1505-1700.    Demy  Svo,  7s.  6d. 

SEX    EQUALITY. 

By  EMMET  DENSMORE,  M.D.,  Author  of  'The  Natural  Food  of  Man,'  'How 
Nature  Cures,'  &c.     Crown  Svo,  cloth,  6s. 

DICTIONARY    OF    ENGLISH    QUOTATIONS. 

By  Col.  P.  H.  DALBIAC.  Fourth  and  Carefully  Revised  Edition,  with  Appendix. 
Small  demy  Svo,  7s.  6<J. 

DICTIONARY    OF    SPANISH    QUOTATIONS. 

By  T.  B.  HARBOTTLE  and  MARTIN  HUME,  C.  de  la  Real  Academia  Espafiola, 
Lecturer  in  Spanish  History  and  Literature,  Pembroke  College,  Cambridge.  With 
Authors  and  Subjects  Index.    Small  demy  Svo,  7s.  6rf. 

NOW  READY,  VOL.  II.  OF 

CAPITAL.    Capitalist  Circulation. 

Translated  from  the  German  of  KARL  MARX  by  ERNEST  UNTERMANN. 
Demy  Svo,  10s.  6d. 

MAN; 

Or,  Problems  Ancient  and  Modern  relating  to 
Man,  with  Guesses  at  Solution. 

By  WILLIAM  T.  NICHOLSON,  B.A.,  Vicar  of  Egham.    Demy  Svo,  3s.  6d. 

HISTORY  OF  THE  1st  BATTALION  SHERWOOD 
FORESTERS  (Notts  and  Derby  Regt.)  IN  THE  BOER 
WAR,  1899-1902. 

By  Capt.  GILSON.  With  an  Introduction  by  Lieut. -General  Sir  H.  L.  SMITH- 
DORRIEN,  K.C.B.     With  Maps  and  Portraits.     Demy  8vo,  cloth,  5s.  net. 

LUDWIG  THE  SECOND,  KING  OF  BAVARIA. 

By  CLARA  TSCHUDI.  Translated  by  ETHEL  HARRIET  HEARN.  With 
Coloured  Portrait.     Demy  Svo,  cloth,  7s.  6rf. 

MENTAL  PATHOLOGY  IN  RELATION 
TO  PSYCHOLOGY. 

By  Prof.  STORRING.  Translated  by  ROBERT  LOVEDAY,  M.A.,  Professor  of 
Philosophy  in  the  South  African  College.     Demy  8vo,  10s.  6d. 

THE  WILL  TO  DOUBT ; 

Or,  the  Place  of  Doubt  in  Human  Experience. 

By  ALFRED  H.  LLOYD,  Ph.D.,  Professor  of  Philosophy  in  the  University  of 
Michigan.    Crown  8vo,  cloth,  4s.  Cd. 

EIGHTEENTH  YEAR  OF  ISSUE.     3s.  6rf.  net. 

THE  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS  YEAR  BOOK,  1908. 

[Heady  shortly. 


THE    PARALLEL    GRAMMAR    SERIES 

Now  includes  Grammars  o-f  English,  French,  German,  Welsh,  Latin,  and  Greek,  each  consisting  of  Two  Parts— 

I.  ACCIDENCE,  II.  SYNTAX— varying  in  price  from  Is.  to  2s.  6d.  each  Part, 

The  Series  also  includes  Readers  and  Writers  for  French,  German,  Latin,  and  Greek,  together  with  Exercises  in  English, 

at  from  Is.  to  Is.  6d.  each. 

Single  Copies  of  any  Volume  will  be  sent  post  free  to  any  Teacher  on  receipt  of  half  its  published  price.    Keys  to  the  Latin 
and  German  Readers  and  Writers  may  be  had  by  Teachers  direct  from  the  Publishers. 


SWAN  SONNENSCHEIN  &  CO.,  Limited,  25,  High  Street,  Bloomsbury,  W.C. 


B6 


T  II  K     A  Til  KX  M  0  M 


No.  4186,  Jaw.  l«,  1908 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


GENERAL    INDEXES. 


m£  FOLLOWING  ARE  STILL  IN 
STOCK:— 


£     8.     d. 


3    3    0 


0    6    0 


GENERAL  INDEX, 


FOURTH  SERIES 


GENERAL  INDEX, 


SIXTH  SERIES 


GENERAL  INDEX, 


SEVENTH  SERIES  .-060 


GENERAL  INDEX, 


EIGHTH  SERIES 


0    6    0 


For  Copies  by  post  an   additional  Three- 
pence is  charged. 


JOHN  C.  FRANCIS  &  J.  EDWARD  FRANCIS, 
Notes  and  Queries  Office,  Bream's  Buildings,  E.C. 


For  Acidity  of  the  Stomach. 
For  Heartburn  and  Headache. 
For  Gout  and  Indigestion. 


D  IN 


N   E   F   O    R   D  '  S 


M 


A  G   N   E   S   I   A. 


For  Sour  Eructations  and  Bilious  Affections. 

A  Safe  and  most  effective  Aperient  for 
regular  use. 


AUTHORIZED     TO     BE     USED     BY 
BRITISH     SUBJECTS. 


THE      NATIONAL      FLAG, 


BEING 


THE    UNION   JACK. 


COPIES  OF 


NOTES   AND    QUERIES 

FOR  JUNE  30,  1900, 

Can  still  be  had,  Is.  Id.  free  by  post,  containing  an  Account  of  the  Flag,  -with 
Coloured  Illustration  according  to  scale. 


JOHN  C.  FRANCIS  and  J.  EDWARD  FRANCIS, 
Notes  and  Queries  Office,  Bream's  Buildings,  Chancer y  Lane,  E.C. 


CLIFFORD'S      INN. 

For  view  of  CLIFFORD'S  INN,  taken  in  1892,  see 

NOTES    AND    QUERIES,  April  2,  1892. 

The  same  number  also  contains  sketches  of  the  ROLLS  CHAPEL,  OLD  SERJEANTS 
INN,  the  GATEWAY,  LINCOLN'S  INN,  Ac. 

Price  4^Z.,  free  by  post,  of 


JOHN  C.  FRANCIS  and  J.  EDWARD  FRANCIS, 
Notes  and  Queries  Office,  Bream's  Buildings,  Chancery  Lane,  E.C. 


NEARLY    READY. 


N 


OTES     AND      QUERIES 

TENTH   SERIES,  VOLUME   IX, 

JULY    to    DECEMBER,    1907. 


Price  10s.   6d. 


JOHN  C.  FRANCIS  and  J.  EDWARD  FRANCIS, 
Notes  and  Queries  Office,  Bream's  Buildings,  Chancery  Lane,  E.C. 


NEXT  WEEKS  ATHENEUM  will  contain 
Reviews  of  JOHN  LAW  OF  LAUBISTON  and 
A  SISTER  OF  MARIE  ANTOINETTE. 


No.  4186,  Jan.  18,  1908 THE    ATHENAEUM 87 

THE    OLDEST    HORTICULTURAL    NEWSPAPER. 


THE 

3d.  15s. 

weekly     GARDENERS'  YEARLY 

Postage  Post 

CHRONICLE.       ** 

(THE      'TIMES'     OF     HORTICULTURE.) 


FOR     OVER      SIXTY     YEARS     THE      LEADING     JOURNAL. 


ITS  CONTRIBUTORS  COMPRISE  THE  MOST 

EXPERIENCED    BRITISH    GARDENERS, 

AND  MANY  OF  THE  MOST 

EMINENT    MEN    OF    SCIENCE, 

AT  HOME  AND  ABROAD. 


IT   HAS  AN   INTERNATIONAL  REPUTATION   FOR  ITS    ILLUSTRATIONS    OF    PLANTS. 


SPECIMEN    COPY    POST    FREE    ON    APPLICATION    TO    THE    PUBLISHER, 

H.  G.  COVE,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  London. 
Telegraphic  Address— «  GARDCHRON,  LONDON."  Telephone  No.  1543  GERRARD. 


May  be  ordered  of  all  Booksellers  and  Newsagents,  and  at  the  Railway  Bookstalls. 


THE     AT  II  E  N'.K  U  M  No.  U«6,  Jam.  18,  1908 


ANNOUNCEMENT. 


MESSRS.  WILLIAM  CLOWES  %  SONS,  Limited,  beg  to  announce 
that  they  have  recently  taken  over  the  business  of  Messrs.  Gilbert  S$  Rivington, 
toyether  with  all  their  Oriental  and  Foreign  type  and  trained  staff. 

Messrs.  Clowes  have  always  made  Oriental  anil  Foreign  work,  for  which 
Messrs  Gilbert  8$  Rivinyton  have  been  so  long  celebrated,  one  of  the  special  feature* 
of  their  business,  and  this  amalgamation  enables  them  still  further  to  do  so,  and  to 
undertake  Translations  and  Printing  in  all  living  and  dead  languages. 

In  addition  to  their  general  business  in  all  its  branches  of  Printers,  Litho- 
graphers, Electrotypers,  Stationers,  and  Bookbinders,  Messrs.  Clowes  make  a  speciality 
of  Colour  Printing  of  every  kind. 

Messrs \  Clowes  have  also  within  the  last  feiv  years  added  to  their  business  that 
of  Telegraphic  Code  Compilers,  and  undertake  the  compilation,  reconstruction,  printing, 
and  binding  of  private  and  other  Telegraphic  Codes  to  meet  all  requirements. 

The  great  facilities  afforded  by  their  large  staff  and  by  the  complete  equipment 
of  their  works,  both  in  London  and  in  the  country,  enable  Messrs.  Clowes  to  do  full 
justice  to  every  class  of  work  ivith  which  they  may  be  entrusted. 


WORKS  :- 

Head  Office  :    DUKE    STREET,  STAMFORD    STREET,    LONDON,    S.E. 

West  End  Branch  :  27  and  28,  GREAT  WINDMILL  STREET,  and  51-53,  BREWER  STREET,  W. 

Country  Branch  :    BECCLES,  SUFFOLK. 
Telegraphic  Cods  Department  :    9,  FENCHURCH  BUILDINGS,  E.G. 

Telegraphic  and  Code  Address:        Telephones— Duke  Street:  3430  Hop  (two  lines).         Fenchurch  Buildings  :  461  Central. 
"CLOWES,  LONDON."  Great  Windmill  Street :  2123  Gerrard.    Beccles:  3  Beccles. 


Editorial  Communications  should  baaddrMMd  to  "THE  EDITOR"— Advert iscrucDts  and  Business  Letters  to  "THE  PUBLISHERS "-«* the  Office,  Bream's  Buildings,  Chancery  Lan> 
Published  Weekly  by  JOHN  C.  FRANCIS  tod  3.  EDWARD  FRANCIS  at  Bream's  llmMhic-.  Chaneery  Lane,  E.f ..  and  Printed  by  J,  K1>\VAR1>  FRANCI8.  Athen*um  Press,  Breum'a  Buildings,  Chancery  Lane,  E.C, 

Agent!  for  Scotland,  Messrs.  BELL  &  BRADFUTE  and  Mr.  JOHN  MENZIES,  Edinburgh.-Saturday,  January  18,  1908. 


THE  ATHEN^U 

Immtai  nf  (Bnglislj  an&  jfomgtt  literature  %ttem,  tljs  JFte  ^rts,  $W 


No.  4187. 


SATURDAY,   JANUARY    25,  1908. 


REGISTERED  AS 


OF 


T  IBRARY      OF      THE      UNIVERSITY 

XJ  LONDON,    SOUTH    KENSINGTON. 

The  GENERAL  LIBRARY  and  the  GOLDSMITHS'  LIBRARY 
of  ECONOMIC  LITERATURE  are  OPEN  on  MONDAYS,  WED- 
NESDAYS, FRIDAYS,  and  SATURDAYS,  from  10  a.m.  to  5  p.m., 
and  on  TUESDAYS  and  THURSDAYS,  from  10  a.m.  to  9  p.m.  A 
Pamphlet,  giving  general  information  respecting  the  Libraries,  can 
be  obtained  on  application. 


V 


I  C  T  0   R  I  A 


LEAGUE. 


The  EDUCATION  COMMITTEE  of  the  VICTORIA  LEAGUE 
offer  a  PRIZE  of  BOOKS  to  the  value  of  TWENTY  GUINEAS,  to  be 
competed  for  by  Undergraduates  of  the  Universities  of  the  United 
Kingdom. 

The  term  "Undergraduates"  shall,  for  the  purposes  of  this  Com- 
petition, be  understood  to  include  :— 

Students  and  Undergraduate  Students,  Men  and  Women,  in 
regular  attendance  at  College  Lectures  ;  Women  reading  for 
Degree  Examinations  at  Oxford  or  Cambridge  ; 
but  NOT  External  Students  of  the  University  of  London. 
SUBJECT    OP    ESSAY. 
'  Compare  the  British  Empire  with  other  Empires, 

For  further  Information  as  to  Conditions  apply  to  THE  SECRE- 
TARY. Education  Committee,  Victoria  League,  Dacre  House, 
Victoria  Street,  London,  S.W. 


i&xllibitiam. 


ROYAL     ACADEMY     OF     ARTS. 
WINTER    EXHIBITION. 
Work  by  Old  Masters  and  Deceased  Masters  of  the  British  School, 
including  Special  Collections  of  Pictures  by  Hogarth  and  the  late 
J.C.  Hook,  R.A. 

Open  from  9  a.m.  to  6  p.m.  Admission  18.   Catalogue  6<i.   Season 
Ticket  5s. 

EARLY  BRITISH  SCHOOL— SHEPHERD'S 
WINTER  EXHIBITION  of  PORTRAITS  and  LANDSCAPES 
by  EARLY  BRITISH  MASTERS  is  NOW  OPEN.-SHEPHERD'S 
GALLERY,  27,  King  Street,  St.  James's. 

RENCH   PORTRAITS   AND   MEZZOTINTS 

By  NANTEUIL.  VAILLANT.  Ac. 

NOW  ON  VIEW  at  Mr.  R.  GUTEKUNST'S, 

16,  King  Street,  St.  James's,  S.W.     10-6  Daily.     Is. 


F 


O     P    A    N    I     S     H 

A  E  T 

p     ALL    E     R    Y, 
50,     CONDUIT    STREET,     LONDON,     \V. 

ART    DEALERS    AND    IMPORTERS 
OF    ANTIQUITIES     FROM      SPAIN. 

Antique  Embroideries,  Brocades, 
Velvets,  Persian  Rugs,  Armour, 
Furniture,  Gothic  Pictures, 
China,      Silver,      Enamels,     &c 

RARE      MUSEUM      OBJECTS. 

(Btutraticmal. 

CHURCH      EDUCATION      CORPORATION, 
CHERWELL  HALL,  OXFORD. 
Training  College  for  Women  Secondary  Teachers. 
Principal-Miss   CATHERINE  I.    DODD,    Hi.    (late   Lecturer  in 
Education  in  the  Manchester  University!. 
Students    are    prepared    for  the  Oxford,   the  Cambridge,  and   the 
London  Teacher*  Diploma.    Special  arrangements  made  for  Students 
to  attend  the  School  of  Geography. 

EXHIBITIONS  an. I  SCHOLARSHIPS  awarded  in  December  and 
July.— Apply  to  the  Principal. 

EDUCATION. 
Parents  or  Guardian*  desiring  accurate  information  relative  to 
the(  HOICE  of  SCHOOLS  for  BOY8  or  (ill:  I 
TUTORS  in  England  or  Abroad 
are  invited  to  call  upon  or  send  fully  detailed  particulars  to 
MESSRS.  GAI'.I'.ITAS.  TllKINO  *  CO., 
nlio  for  more  than  thirty/earl  hare  Wn  closely  in  touch  with  the 
li  i. Imp  Bdui  stional  Establishments. 

Advice,  free  of  charge,  is  given  by  Mr    TURING.  Nephew  of  the 
late  Head  Mastei  of  Cppingh  im,  36,  gackville  Street,  London,  VI. 


T 


H  E 


LAW 


SOCIETY. 


The  COUNCIL  offers  for  award  in  JULY  NEXT  EIGHT 
STUDENTSHIPS  of  the  annual  value  of  301.  to  Ml.  each,  tenable  on 
conditions  of  pursuing  under  proper  supervision  Courses  of  Legal 
Studies  approved  by  the  Council.  „«„„,m,T 

For  copies  of  the  Regulations  apply  THE  LAW  SOCIETY, 
103,  Chancery  Lane,  W.C. 


%tttnvez. 


ROYAL  INSTITUTION  OF  GREAT  BRITAIN. 
ALBEMARLE  STREET,  PICCADILLY,  W. 

TUESDAY  NEXT,  January  28,  at  3  o'clock.  Prof.  F.  J.  HAVER- 
FIELD,  M.A.  LL.D.,  FIRST  of  TWO  LECTURES  on  'Roman 
Britain  :  l«l  Its  Frontiers  and  Garrison;  (ty  Its  Interior  Civilization,' 
Half-a-Guinea  the  Course.  ^m       „„,,„ 

THURSDAY.  January  30.  at  3  o'clock.  Major  MARTIN  HUME. 
FIRST    of    THREE    LECTURES    on    'The    Story    of    the    Spanish 

Armada.'    Haifa-Guinea.  ___ 

•  SATURDAY.  February  1,  at  3  o'clock,  LIONEL  CUST,  Esq. 
M.V.O.  M.A.,  FIRST  of  TWO  LECTURES  on  'Anthony  Van  Dyck. 
Haifa-Guinea.  „   .  _.  ,    , 

Subscription  to  all  the  Courses  in  the  season  Two  Guineas.  Tickets 
may  be  obtained  at  the  Office  of  the  Institution. 


u 


^ituattfftta  Vacant 

NIVERSITY      OF      OXFORD. 


PROFESSORSHIP  OF  ENGINEERING  SCIENCE. 

The  ELECTORS  to  this  PROFESSORSHIP  will  proceed  to  an 
ELECTION  in  the  course  of  MARCH  or  APRIL,  1908. 

Candidates  are  requested  to  send  in  their  applications,  with  such 
evidence  of  their  qualifications  as  they  may  desire  to  submit,  to  the 
Registrar  of  the  University,  Old  Clarendon  Building.  Oxford,  so  as  to 
reach  him  not  later  than  March  1,  1908.  If  Testimonials  are  sub- 
mitted, seven  copies  of  each  should  be  sent.  The  Professor  will  be 
elected  for  a  period  of  five  years,  but  will  be  re-eligible.  He  will 
receive  a  sura  of  not  less  than  600(.  nor  more  than  700(.  per  annum 
from  the  University  Chest.  He  will  in  addition  receive  the  sum  of 
260J.  per  annum,  the  emoluments  of  a  Fellowship  at  New  College 
attached  to  the  Professorship. 

It  will  be  the  duty  of  the  Professor  to  lecture  and  give  Laboratory 
instruction  in  the  subjects  of  Engineering  Science.  He  will  also  tike 
charge  of  any  Engineering  Laboratory  which  may  be  assigned  to  him 
bv  the  University. 

"He  will  be  subject  in  respect  of  residence  and  duties  to  the  General 
Regulations  laid  down  in  Statt.  Tit.  IV.  Sect.  1,  §3 ('Oxford  University 
Statues,'  ed.  1907,  pp.  57,  58) ;  and  also  to  the  Particular  Regulations 
applicable  to  the  Professors  enumerated  in  Schedule  C  {ibid., 
pp.  69,  60|. 

C.  LEUDESDORF,  Registrar. 

University  Registry,  Old  Clarendon  Building,  Oxford. 
January  20,  190S. 


Q 


U    E    E 


N  '  S 

HARLEY 


COL 

STREET,    W. 


LEGE, 


The  PROFESSORSHIP  of  ENGLISH  LANGUAGE  and  LITERA- 
TURF  is  VACANT. 

Applications 'should  be  sent  in  by  FEBRUARY  22,  addressed  to 
THE  WARDEN,  who  will  furnish  particulars. 


T 


HE      UNIVERSITY      OF      LEEDS. 


Applications  will  be  received  up  to  FEBRUARY  15th  for  the 
appointment  of  ASSISTANT  PROFESSOR  of  EDUCATION.  Salary 
4007.— Particulars  may  be  obtained  from  THE  REGISTRAR. 

KING'S       COLLEGE,       LONDON. 
(UNIVERSITY    OF    LONDON.) 
The  COUNCIL  invite  applications  for  the  post  of  LECTURER  and 
DEMONSTRATOR  in  GEOLOGY.    Salary  200/.     Applications  should 
be  sent  in  by  FEBRUARY  17.— For  conditions  apply  to  Secretary. 
WALTER  SMITH,  Secretary. 

BEDFORD        COLLEGE       FOR       WOMEN 
(UNIVERSITY    OF    LONDON), 
YORK    PLACE.    BAKER    STREET,    W. 
The  COUNCIL  are  about  to  appoint  a  LECTURER  in  BOTANY, 
who  will  be  Head  of  the  Department.    The  appointment  is  open  to 
Men  and  Women  equally,  and  will  take  effect  at  the  beginning  of  the 
Easter  Terra.  .         .  ,       ,      , ,   , 

Applications,  with  twenty  five  copies  of  Testimonials,  should  be 
sent  not  later  than  JANUARY  81,  to  the  Secretary,  from  whom 
further  particulars  may  be  obtained. 

ETHEL  T.  McKNIGHT,  Secretary. 


THE  ROYAL  AGRICULTURAL  COLLEGE, 
CIRENCESTER. 
A  new  PRINCIPAL  of  the  COLLEGE  will  be  REQUIRED  at  the 
END  OF  THE  ENSUING  SUMMER  TERM.— Applications  for  the 
poll  accompanied  by  copies  of  not  more  than  six  Testimonials, 
must  be  addressed  forthwith  to  E.  II.  HAYOARTII.  Becretary  to 
the  R  A.  College,  Cirencester,  from  whom  all  particulars  may  be 
obtained. 


I 


LFORD      URBAN      DISTRICT      COUNCIL. 


APPOINTMENT    OF    LIBRARIAN. 

The  ILI'oRD  URBAN  DISTRICT  COUNCIL  are  prepared  to 
receive  applications  from  competent  imtsoiis  for  the  position  of 
LII'.RARIAN  of  their  PUBLIC  LIBRARY,  at  present  in  course  of 
erection  at  High  Road,  Reven  Rings. 

Commencing  Salary  loot,  per  annum. 

AnpUoatloni,  With  copies  of  three  recent  Testimonials,  to  be 
en.  lose, 1  in  an  envelope  marked  "  Librarian."  -mil  addressed  and  sent 
to  the  undersigned  on  or  before  noon  on  TUESDAY.  February  n.  isos. 

Canvassing  Members  of  the  Council,  directly  OI  indirectly,  will  be 
deemed  ■  disqualification. 

.mil\  \v    BENTON,  clerk  Ic  the  Council. 

Town  Hall,  liford.  Essex,  January  18,  I80B 


Yearly  Subscription,  free  by  post,  Inland, 
15s.  3d. ;  Foreign,  18s.  Entered  at  the  New 
York  Post  Office  as  Second  Class  matter. 


Tl 


'HE  GOVERNMENT   of    CEYLON  require  a 

JL  SCIENCE  MASTER  for  the  ROYAL  COLLEGE,  COLOMBO, 
to  teach  Chemistry  and  Physics  for  London  University  Pass  Examina- 
tions, including  the  Inter.  B.Sc.  Salary  3X1.,  rising  to  4501.  by  annual 
increments  of  251.,  subject  to  deduction  of  4  per  cent,  as  contribution 
to  pensions  of  widows  and  orphans  of  Government  officers.  Free 
passage  to  Colony.  Post  pensionable.  Candidates  should  be  between 
•24  and  35,  Honours  Graduates  in  Science  of  a  University  of  the 
United  Kingdom,  with  not  less  than  three  vears'  teaching  experience. 
Applications  should  be  sent  before  FEBRUARY  15  to  THE 
ASSISTANT  PRIVATE  SECRETARY,  Colonial  Office,  S.W.,  and 
envelopes  should  be  marked  with  the  name  of  the  post  applied  for. 
Copies  only  of  Testimonials  (not  more  than  six). 

T>RISTOL    EDUCATION    COMMITTEE. 

FAIRFIELD  SECONDARY  SCHOOL. 

WANTED.  FIRST  ASSISTANT  MISTRESS,  experienced  in 
Secondary  School  Work.  Must  he  a  Graduate  of  an  approved 
University,  or  hold  an  equivalent  Diploma,  and  will  be  required  to 
exercise  general  supervision  over  the  Girls  and  their  Games.  Ability 
to  teach  Hygiene  is  desirable.  Salary  120Z.  per  annum,  rising  by  51 
annually  to  1407.  In  calculating  the  initial  Salary  credit  will  be  given 
for  half-length  service  in  a  Secondary  School— Forms  of  Application, 
which  must  be  received  here  not  later  than  WEDNESDAY,  January  29, 
1908,  may  be  obtained  by  sending  a  stamped  addressed  foolscap 
envelope  to  THE  SECRETARY,  Education  Offices,  Guildhall,  Bristol. 

January  20. 1908. 

MUNICIPAL    SECONDARY   SCHOOL    AND 
PUPIL-TEACHER  CENTRE,  ACCRINGTON. 

WANTED,  an  ASSISTANT  MISTRESS.  Applicants  must  be 
Graduates,  and  have  good  qualifications  for  the  teaching  of  French. 
Latin,  and  English.  Previous  teaching  experience  essential.  Salary 
to  commence  at  100Z.,  and  rise  by  iol.  a  year  to  170!.  The  Scale 
provides  an  allowance  for  previous  teaching  experience,  and  also  for 
possible  non-automatic  increments  between  170?.  and  2001. 

Forma  of  Application  (returnable  not  later  than  FRIDAY, 
January  31)  to  be  obtained  from  JNO.  RHODES,  Secretary. 

THOROUGH    OF    BARROW-IN-FURNESS. 

PUBLIC  LIBRARY. 

The  COMMITTEE  invite  applications  for  the  position  of 
ASSISTANT  (Malel  in  the  above  LIBRARY.  Age  not  to  exceed  22. 
Training  and  experience  in  a  Public  Library  essential.  Preference 
will  be  given  to  Candidates  holding  Certificates  of  the  Library 
Association.    Salary  50?.  per  annum. 

Applications  in  Candidates'  own  handwriting,  stating  full  name 
ami  address,  age,  experience,  when  available,  and  accomjmnied  by 
three  Testimonials  of  recent  date,  to  reach  the  undersigned  not 
later  than  12  o'clock  noon  on  MONDAY',  February  3.  1908. 

C.  W.  GABBATT,  Librarian. 

Librarian's  Office,  Town  Hall,  Barrow. 


Situations  WLtmUto. 

GENTLEMAN,    24*    years,    M.A.    (Scotland), 
refined,  of  unquestionable  character  and  integrity,  fine  appear 
seeks  post  as  SECRETARY'.  Home  or  Abroad.    " 


anoe  and  mann 

suit    married    preferred.      References 

Office,  Lugar,  Ayrshire,  N.B 


-Address   K,  care    of 


To 
Pest 


SECRETARY  (LADY)  REQUIRES  POST  to 
M.P.  or  other.  Skilled  Correspondent,  Research,  Precis  Writing, 
Reports,  Committee  Work,  Book-Keeping.  Several  years'  experience. 
Educated  Public  Schools  anil  Abroad— Box  1334,  Atheureum  Press, 
18,  Bream's  Buildings,  Chancery  Lane,  E.C. 

LADY,  with  much  experience  in  CATERING  on 
a  large  scale,  and  ORGANIZING  generally,  wishes  to  find 
siniilarwork  under  a  County  Council  or  in  a  Factory  Special  capacity 
for  Organizing.  Good  Salary  required.— Box  1330,  Athen.Tum  Press, 
13,  Bream's  Buildings,  Chancery  Lane,  E.C. 


Iftisccllaruoiis. 


PRIVATE  TOURS  FOR  GENTLEWOMEN  — 
SUNNY  ITALY'.  FEBRUARY'  28,  One  Month,  Rome.  Naples, 
Capri  Sorrento.  Pompeii,  Florence.  Venice,  Milan.  Genoa.  References 
exchanged.  —  Miss  BISHOP,  27.  St.  George's  Road,  Kilburn. 

TO  PUBLISHERS.  —  Distinguished  Scholar, 
exceptional  Linguist,  Professor  of  Literature  in  leading 
English  university,  with  considerable  experience  of  Editorial 
responsibilities,  would  ENTER  INTO  PARTNERSHIP  with,  or 
control  Educational  Department  for.  a  well-established  Firm  of 
Publishers  -Write,  in  the  first  instance,  to  T.  B.,  care  of  Willing's.  5 
Knightsbridgo,  S.W.  

TO  PUBLISHING  HOUSES.— An  old-estab- 
lished FIRM  oilers  the  PART  SERVICES  of  their  RF.PRI' 
sentative.  covering  the  East.  South,  and  West  of  England. 
Terms  Part.  Expenses  and  Commission.  —  Address  TRAVELIJK 
cars  ol  Baxter  A  Son.  38,  Paternoster  Square,  B  0 

A  UTHORS  Me  to  WRITE  POPULAR 
x\_  HANDBOOKS  on  scientific  or  TECHNICAL  SUBJECTS, 
about  25  000  words  length,  are  Invited  to  conuuuniiatc  by  letter, 
naming  SuMectS  and  Terms.  VUTIKiRH  also  RK<>1  IREH  to 
WRITE  Bright  interesting  RIOOR APHIKH  of  WORLD'S  GREAT 
MEN    and    WOMEN,   earb  27.000   words- PUBLISHERS.    Box    1335, 

Athenaeum  Press,  18,  Bream's  Buildings,  Chancer;  Lane),  EC. 

CJIR  CHARLES  GRANDISON,  8  vols.  leather 

IO    bound,  published  i7.m.     vicAR  OF  WAKEFIELD,  cloth,  1822, 

Illustrated.  Also  First  Editions  by  Maria  Bdgewortb  and  tVhMe 
Mclvilb  •  IRELAND,  Box  1*37,  Athcmrum  Prow,  13,  Bream's 
Buildings,  Chancery  Lane  I    I 


!MI 


T  ii  !•:    at  1 1  i:\  .i:r  \i 


No.  4187,  .Jan.  35,  L908 


THE 

AUTOTYPE  COMPANY, 

74,  NEW  OXFORD  STKKET,  LONDON. 

MONOCHROME    COPIES 

BY    T1IK 

PERMANENT  AUTOTYPE  CARBON 

PROCESS  OF  PICTURES  BY 

OLD  MASTERS, 

From  the  Principal  Collections  of  Note. 

NUMEROUS    EXAMPLES   OF   WORKS 

BY   MODERN   ARTISTS. 


1  UK  AUTOTYPE  COMPANY'S   PROCESSES  OF  PER- 
MANENT      PHOTOGRAPHIC      HKPKODUCTION      are 

extensively  employed  l>y  the  Trustees  of  the  British 
Moieiim,  the  Local  Government  Board,  many  of  the 
Learned  Societies,  and  leading  Publishers. 

COPIES  OF  COINS.  SEALS,  MEDALS. 
MSS.,  DRAWINGS,  ENGRAVINGS.  ART 
OBJECTS,     MICROSCOPIC    WORK,    &C. 


Inquiries  are  invited  from  those  requiring  Book 
Illustrations  of  the  very  highest  quality. 

SPECIMENS  AND  ESTIMATES  SUBMITTED. 

THE  AUTOTYPE  FINE-ART 
CATALOGUE. 

ENLARGED    EDITION,    with    Hundreds    of    Miniature 
Photographs  and  Tint  Blocks  of  Notable  Autotypes. 

For  convenience  of  reference  the  Publications   are 
arranged  Alphabetically  under  Artists'  Names. 

Post  Free,  ONE  SHILLING. 
A  VISIT  OF  INSPECTION  IS  INVITED  TO 

THE  AUTOTYPE  FINE  ART  GALLERY, 
74,  NEW  OXFORD  STREET,  LONDON,  W.C. 


(Kaialonws. 


CATALOGUE  No.  48.— Drawings  of  the  Early 
English  School— Turner's  Liber  Studiorum  anil  other  Engravings 
after  iTurner— Etchings  by  Turner.  S.  Palmer,  Whistler— Japanese 
Colour-Prints— Fine-Art  Books— Works  by  Ruskin.  Post  free,  Six- 
pence.— WM.  WARD,  2,  Church  Terrace,  Richmond,  Surrey. 

BOOKS.— ALL  OUT-OF-PRINT  and  RARE 
BOOKS  on  any  subject  SUPPLIED.  The  most  expert  Book- 
finder  extant.  Please  state  wants  and  ask  for  CATALOGUE.  I  make 
a  special  feature  of  exchanging  any  Saleable  Books  for  others  selected 
from  my  various  Lists.  Special  List  of  2,000  Books  I  particularly  want 
post  free.— ED W.  BAKER'S  Ureat  Bookshop,  14-16  John  Bright  Street, 
Birmingham.  Oscar  Wilde's  Poems,  21a.,  for  10s.  6<f.  ;  Ballad  of 
Reading  Gaol,  S«.    Who's  Who,  2  vols.  1907,  lis.  net,  for  5s. 

ANCIENT  and  MODERN  COINS.— Collectors 
and  Antiquarians  are  invited  to  apply  to  SPINK  &  SON. 
Limited,  for  Specimen  Copy  (gratis)  of  their  NUMISMATIC  CIRCU- 
LAK.  The  finest  Greek,  Roman,  and  English  Coins  on  View  and  for 
Bale  at  Moderate  Prices.— SPINK  A  SON  Limited,  Experts,  Valuers, 
and  Cataloguers,  16,  17,  and  18,  Piccadilly,  London,  W.  Established 
mpwardi  of  a  Century. 

A    G   G   S        BROS.. 

109,  Strand,  London,  W.C. 

DEALERS  IN  RARE  AND  VALUABLE  BOOKS, 

PRINTS,  AND  AUTOGRAPHS. 

CATALOGUES  sent  post  free  to  all  parts  of  the  World. 

Export  Orders  solicited. 

Telegraphic  and  Cable  Address  :  "  Bibliolite,  London."— Telephone 

"Gerrard  4664." 

WOODCUTS,  EARLY  BOOKS,  MSS.,  4c. 

LEIGHTON'S  ILLUSTRATED  CATALOGUE, 
Containing  1,350  Facsimiles. 
Thick  8vo,  art  cloth,  25a. ;  half-morocco.  30«. 
Part  XIII..    Cal-Chrys,   with   164  Facsimiles,  Including  Beruers's 
Froinart.  Cambridge  Bindings,    Capgravc,   1016,  Ceplo,   1477.    and  a 
large  collection  of  Early  Chronicles.  I  Now  ready.    l*ricc  2s. 

J.  &  J.  LEIGHTON, 
40,  Brewer  Street,  Golden  Square,  London,  W. 


M 


For  Type-writers  and  Magazines,  &c, 
see  pp.  112, 114. 


^ahs  by  ^Auction. 


Engraving*  and  Etching*. 

MESSRS.  SOTHEBY,  WILKINSON*  HOTXJK 
wiU  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  House.  No.  IS,  Wellington 
8trcc-t.  Strand.  W.C,  on  MONDAY.  January  27.  at  1  o'clock  precisely 
ENGRAYINGS  and  ETCHINGS,  Framed  ami  in  the  Portfolio.  com- 
pnr'-- 
\Vi 
the 

Tomkin 

—French  Engravings  by  J.  M.  Mmoaii.  N.  ae  Litoiiay,'  N.~PouOft  1'  1' 
Cniiffard.  VoyM,  Blmonet,  4c„  after  P.  A.  liandouin.  N.  LVaTretnce  8 
Frendeburg,  i,.  BoiUy,  J.  is.  Qrauxe  0.  BHaen,  F.  Bouoher  Lancret 
and  uther«— Modern  Etchings  and  Engravings  byJ.McN.  Whistler 
D.  l.  Cameron.  Hellcn.  anil  others,  4c. 

May  be  viewed.     Catalogues  may  be    ad. 


Kngrai  ingt  and  l  U  i 

MKssks.  su'i  HEBY,  WILKINSON*  HODGE 
will  HKI.LI.y  AUCTION,  at  th.-ir  Houm.    So    I  i.  YVrllliiyum 
ml,    W  c.    ..,,    HI  I'M  HDA"i       I 
Following  Days,  at   I  o'clock  precisely.  KNGKAYINUH    K  T<  II  : 

DRAWINGS,  A.   .  Framed  and  In  the  Portfolio,  .rialiu 

an. I  Htii.|i|e  I'mtiaita  afin  Mr  .1     Reynolds.  Kir  T.  Isswi 
Koeller.  dil   1"    Lei*.    R.  Coaway.  Blr  A    Vandyck.  and  otliers     i 
BubjacU  of  the  Kmdii.li  Bchool.  altar  O.  MorUnd.  A    K 

ini,  K   Wliintl.y.  J    Conatabla,  J.  M.  W   Turner,  fc      Kl 
and  Bngravinn  bv  Barly  and  Modern   H  Including  A    i 

w     Hollar,  J    Wlnail.-r.  Seymour  Haden,  and  others— Topographical 
Prints -Drawings  by  old  Mart  an   Japanoae  Prints  and  Drawii 

Coll.-.ti .t  Drawings  in  Water-Colours  of  old  Inns.  byJ.T.  WiU.m 

lOd  a  tew  Oil  Paintings,  ho. 

.May  Im  ilewed  two  days  prior.     Catalogues,  may  be  bad. 

A  Portion  ft  the  Library  of  (he.  late  Rrr.  HEN  It )     H.I  /. 

POLE  PRBDBRICR  Mains  HARRIS. 

ME88RS.BOTHEBY.  WILKINSON  fc  HODGE 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION  at  tie  it  1Ii.uk.-.  No.  13.  Wellington 
Street.  Strand.  W.C  .  on  MONDAY,  February  ;:.  at  I  o'clock  precisely, 
Books  and  MANUSCRIPTS,  comprising  the  Property  of  the  late 
A.  W.  UAODONALD,  Esq.,  Aberdeen;  the  Property  of  Mi 
KENNEDY,  a  Portion  of  the  I.iiikaky  of  the  late  Bet  HENRY 
WALPOI.K  FREDERICK  MOHUN  HARRIS  .sold  by  order  of  the 
Administratrix.!,  and  othai  I'roiiertles.  iucluding  Natural  History 
Book!  -Work!  on  Ireland— Privately  printed  Registers,  by  F.  A. 
Crisp— Art  Books— Hennepin's  New  Di».  overy  in  America,  1698— 
llerrera,  General  History  of  America,  6  vols.,  1725-U— Latham's 
Falconry,  1633— Killigrew,  Comedies  and  Tragedies,  iwrtrait,  1064— 
Llnscbotcn.  Voyage*,  1698— Holinshed's  Chronicles— First  or  Shake 
■paaxean  Edition,  2  vols.,  ir>77— Purchas.  Hakluytus  Postliminy. 
B  vols.,  1625-1).  fine  copy,  4c— including  a  large  number  of  Books  in 
old  0al(  bindings,  with  the  fine  Book-plate,  dated  1896,  of  Francis 
Fulfoid. 

May  Im-  viewed  two  days  prior.    Catalogues  may  lie  had. 

Tht  Collection  of  (i reek  Cuius  funned  by  the  late  Rev. 
HENRY  ELLIOTT,  and  the  valuable  Collection  of 
Em/Huh  Coins,  the  Property  of  REGINALD  E.  BAH- 
COMBE,  Esij. 

MESSRS.  SOTHEBY,  WILKINSON  &  HODGE 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  House,  No.  13.  Wellington 
Street.  Strand.  W.C,  on  TUESDAY,  February  4,  and  Following  Day, 
at  1  o'clock  precisely.  COIN'S  and  MEDALS,  including  a  COLLEC- 
TION of  GREEK  COINS  of  Italy,  Sicily,  Greece,  and  Asia  Minor, 
in  Gold,  Silver,  and  Bronze,  collected  by  the  late  Rev.  HENRY 
ELLIOTT;  the  valuable  COLLECTION  of  ENGLISH  GOLD  and 
SILVER  COINS,  the  Property  of  REGINALD  E.  BASOOMBE, 
Esq.,  comprising  Nobles  of  Henry  V.  and  VI.— Unite  and  Half-Unite 
of  the  Commonwealth  — Cromwell  Broad  — Five-Guinea  Pieces  of 
Charles  II.,  James  II.,  William  and  Mary,  Anne,  and  George  I.,  in 
Mint  state— Two-Guinea  Pieces  of  same  Reigns— Specimen  Mint  Sets 
of  George  IV..  William  IV.,  and  Victoria.  In  Silver:  Oxford  Half- 
Pound  of  Charles  I.— fine  Crowns  of  Edward  VI.,  Elizabeth.  James  I. 
of  First  Coinage,  Charles  I.  of  the  Tower,  Exeter,  and  Oxford  Mints. 
May  be  viewed  two  days  prior.    Catalogues  may  be  had. 

Silver  Plate  and  Old  English  Porcelain  and  Pottery. 

MESSRS.  SOTHEBY,  WILKINSON  &  HODGE 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION  at  their  House,  No.  13,  Wellington 
Street,  Strand.  W.C.  on  THURSDAY.  February  6.  at  1  o  clock 
precisely.  OLD  ENGLISH  PORCELAIN  and  POTTERY.  Oriental 
and  Continenta  China,  Glass,  4c,  from  various  sources— Silver  Plate, 
Enamels,  fee. 

May  he  viewed  two  days  prior.    Catalogues  may  be  had. 

Valuable  Miscellaneous  Books. 
ESSRS.    HODGSON  &  CO.   will    SELL    by 

AUCTION,  at  their  Rooms,  115,  Chancery  Lane,  W.C.  on 
THURSDAY.  January  30,  and  Following  Day,  at  1  o'clock,  VALU- 
ABLE MISCELLANEOUS  BOOKS,  including  SELECTIONS  from 
the  LIBRARIES  of  TWO  GENTLEMEN,  comprising  a  setof  Gouj.il  s 
Historical  Monographs,  18  vols.,  including  Creighton's  Queen  Eliza- 
beth, and  Skelton's  Mary  Stuart— Hayleys  Life  of  Roinney.  original 
boards— Frankau's  J.  R.  Smith,  and  W.  and  J.  Ward— J.  H. 
Fragonard,  by  Pierre  de  Nolhac— A  set  of  The  Studio  from  the  com- 
mencement to  1907— Catalogue  of  the  Slade  Collection  of  Glass,  and 
other  Books  on  the  Fine  Arts— The  Victoria  History  of  the  Counties 
of  England,  32  vols.— Walpole's  Letters,  by  Cunningham,  9  vols.— 
The  best  edition  of  Keats's  Works,  4  vols.— Mrs.  Delany's  Auto- 
biography, the  Two  Series,  6  vols.— A  complete  Set  of  the  Dictionary 
of  National  Biography.  68  vols.— Books  relating  to  Napoleon— Works 
on  Angling— Orme  s  Military  and  Naval  Anecdotes,  Coloured  Plates— 
Howitt's  Foreign  Field  Sports— Warburton's  Hunting  Songs,  the  rare 
Original  Edition— Goldsmith's  Vicar  of  Wakefield,  with  the  Coloured 
Plates  by  Rowlandson,  1817— Ainsworth's  Jack  Sheppard,  First 
Edition,  3  vols.,  cloth,  uncut— The  First  Edition  of  Scott's  Waverley, 
3  vols.,  uncut— Goldsmith's  The  Traveller.  Retaliation,  She  Stoops  to 
Conquer,  and  the  Good  Natur'd  Man,  First  Editions— Gray's  Odes. 
First  Edition.  1757— A  Few  Specimens  from  the  Early  German  and 
Dutch  Presses— Books,  Maps,  and  Engravings  relating  to  America  — 
Early  Documents  and  Manuscripts— An  Album  of  Old  Portraits,  4c. 
To  be  viewed,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Curiosities. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS'S  NEXT  SALE  of 
CURIOSITIES  will  take  place  on  TUESDAY.  January  28.  at 
half-past  12  o'clock,  and  will  include  Weapons,  Carved  Clubs,  Paddles. 
4c,  from  New  Guinea,  Samoa.  New  Zealand,  and  other  parts— Antique 
Guns  and  Pistols,  Metal  Lamps,  Candle  Holders,  Tinder  Boxes,  4c— 
Baxter  and  other  Prints— Wooden  soled  Shoe  supposed  to  have  been 
worn  by  Thomas  iv  Becket— and  the  usual  Miscellaneous  Assortment. 

On  view  day  prior  10  to  5  and  Morning  of  Sale.  Catalogues  on 
application  to  the  AUCTIONEER,  38,  King  Street.  Covent  Garden, 
London  W.C 

Sales  of  Miscellaneous  Property. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  begs  to  announce  that 
SALES  are  held  EVERY  FRIDAY,  at  his  Rooms.  33,  King 
Street,  Covent  Garden,  London,  W.C,  for  the  disposal  of  MICRO- 
SCOPES, SLIDES,  and  OBJ  ECT1YES  — Telescopes-Theodolites- 
Levels — Electrical  and  Scientific  Instruments— Cameras,  Lenses,  and 
all  kinds  of  Photographic  Apparatus— Optical  Lanterns,  with  Slides 
and  all  Accessories  in  great  variety  by  Best  Makers— Household 
Furniture— Jewellery— and  other  Miscellaneous  Property. 
On  view  Thursday  2  to  5  anil  morning  of  Sale. 

MESSRS.  CHRISTIE,  MANSON,  &  WOODS 
respectfully  give  notice  that  they  will  hold  the  following 
SALES  by  AUCTION,  at  their  Great  Rooms.  King  Street,  St.  James's 
Square,  the  Sales  commencing  at  1  o'clock  precisely. 

On    MONDAY,    January    27,    PiCTURES   by 

OLD  MASTERS,  the  Property  of  a  GENTLEMAN  and  Others. 

On  WEDNESDAY,  January  29,  and  THURS- 
DAY'. January  30,  The  COLLECTION  of  OLD  ENGLISH  SILVER 
PLATE  of  the  late  E.  J.  STANLEY,  Esq. 

On  THURSDAY,  January  SO,  OLD  ENGLISH 

SILVER    PLATE  of  Miss  M.   I.   WILSON,    deceased,    HERBERT 
l'EEL,  Esq.,  and  others. 

On  FRIDAY,  January  31,  The  COLLECTION 

Of  PORCELAIN  and  DECORATIVE  FURNITURE  of  the  late  K.  J. 
STANLEY.  Bat, 

On  SATURDAY,  February  1,  PICTURES  and 

DRAWINGS,  the  Property  of  the  late  Mrs.  HANNAH  ENTW1STLE 
and  Others. 


M 


MR.   HEINEMANN'S  NEW   BOOKS. 


Mr.     Ih'innnnuu    begt    (0    UMUnmCt     '<'■"'    hi    wQl 

publish  n>  it  im  l.  n  work  of  ijrvit  §odai  and 

■  lit. 

MEMORIES   OF 

EIGHT  PARLIAMENTS. 

By  HENRY  W.  LUCY. 

With   Portrait.     1    vol.   demy  8vo,   8*.    M.   net.* 

Speaking  at   Kpsoin  on   Dec.   18,  1S'.»9,   LORD  RosKUKKI 
saiil  :  — "  On  anything  relating  to  Parliament  Mr.  Loci 
expert.     There  is  perhaps,  no  man  living  who  Ins  had  so 
000  -'ant  and  M  close  observation  of  Parliamentary  life  in 
its  many  aspects." 

MEMOIRS  OF  THE 

C0MTESSE  de  BOIGNE 

The  THIRD  Volume  (1820-1830),  completing  the 
work,  is  now  ready.  Demy  svo,  10*.  net. 

"The  second  and  third  volumes  are  even  more  interest  in; 
than  the  first.  The  excellent  translation  will  introduce 
these  to  a  large  number  of  readers." — Spectator. 

Uniform  with  the  above,  10s.  net  each.* 
Vol  L,  1781-1814,  and  Vol.  IL,  1815-1819. 

FATHER  AND    SON. 

With  Frontispiece.     Demy  8vo,  8s.   6d.   net. 

[Third  Impression. 
"This  book   is   unique.     It  is  at  once   a  profound  and 
illuminating  study  in  the  concrete  of  the  development  of 
a  child's  mind,  and  also  an  historical  document  of  great 
value." — Atheiuv/i  hi. 

MEMOIRS  OF 
SARAH   BERNHARDT. 

Illustrated.    Demy  8vo,  15*.  net.* 
"Sarah  Bernhardt  all  over."— Time*. 

Mr.  HEINEMANN  begs  to  announ  ce  the  com- 
pletion, with  the  publication  of  Vol.  I.  (croici. 
48. )  of  the  first  collected  edition  of 

THE  WORKS   OF 

HENRIK  IBSEN. 

Edited  by  YVILLIAM  ARCHER. 
11  vols.,  21.  is.  the  set.    Each  volume  sold  separately.* 

NEW   SIX-SHILLING    NOVELS. 
THE  HISTORY  OF 

AYTHAN  WARING. 

By  VIOLET  JACOB,  Author  of  '  The  Sheepstealers.' 

THE   EXPLORER. 

By  W.  S.  MAUGHAM,  Author  of  '  The  Merry-go-round.' 

[Second  Iwtprwm 

"A  story  which  stirs  the  heart  as  well  as  the  interest  to 
its  very  foundations.  An  absorbing  novel  of  the  grtwte-* 
artistic  merit,  a  real  story  of  real  people  which  will  live 
long  in  our  memories."— Daily  Telegraph. 

SHEAVES. 

By  E.  F.  BENSON,  Author  of  'The  House  of  Defence,'  Ac" 
"  A  remarkably  strong,    sincere,  and  touching  piece  of 
work,  the  publication  of  which  already  lends  distinction  to 
the  literary  reputation  of  190S." — Daily  Telegraph. 

THE    SHUTTLE. 

By  Mrs.  HODGSON  BURNETT.  [Fourth  Impression 

"  A  triumph."— Pa''  Mall  Gazett-: 

THE   WEAVERS. 


By  Sh  GILBERT  PARKER. 


[Third  Inipr 


"Wealth  of  colour  and  exciting  incident,  careful  por- 
traiture, minute  character  analysis."— Spectator. 

THE    STANDERT0NS. 

By  the  EARL  OF  ELLESMERE. 

THE  ORCHARD  THIEF. 

By  Mrs.  HENRY  DUDENEY. 
"  A  book  which  people  will  read  with  eagerness  and  will 
never  forget." — Standard. 

*  Prospectus  on  application. 
WM.  HEINEMANN,  21,  Bedford  Street,  W.C. 


No.  4187,  Jan.  25,  1908 


THE    ATHENAEUM 


91 


MESSRS.  CONSTABLES  LIST. 


HEADY  IMMEDIATELY. 

A  NEW  LONG  NOVEL  BY 
ELLEN  GLASGOW, 

Author  of  '  The  Wheel  of  Life,'  and  '  The  Battle  Ground,' 

ENTITLED 

THE  ANCIENT  LAW. 

Crown  8vo,  6s. 


MISS  MARIE  CORELLI'S  WORKS. 

Crown  8vo,  6s.  each. 

THE  TREASURE  OF  HEAVEN. 

AVith  Frontispiece  Portrait. 

DELICIA,  and  other  Stories. 

FREE  OPINIONS  FREELY  EXPRESSED. 

MR.   BERNARD  SHAW'S  WORKS. 
DRAMATIC     OPINIONS     AND     ESSAYS. 

With  the  Author's  Apology.     In  2  vols,   crown  8vo, 
10s.  td.  net. 

JOHN    BULL'S    OTHER    ISLAND    AND 

MAJOR  BARBARA.    6s.       [Second  Impression. 

MAN  AND  SUPERMAN.    6s. 

A  Comedy  and  a  Philosophy,  containing  as  well  THE 
'.REVOLUTIONIST'S  HANDBOOK  and  MAXIMS  FOB 
REVOLUTIONISTS. 

PLAYS  PLEASANT.    6s. 

Contents:  L  *ARMS  AND  THE  MAN.  2.  *CANDIDA. 
S.  THE  MAN  OF  DESTINY.  4.  *YOU  NEVER  CAN 
TELL 

PLAYS  UNPLEASANT.    6s 

Contents:  1.  ^WIDOWERS'  HOUSES.  2.  *THE  PHI- 
LANDERER   3.  *MRS.  WARREN'S  PROFESSION. 

THREE  PLAYS  FOR  PURITANS.    6s. 

Contents:  1.  *THE  DEVIL'S  DISCIPLE.  2.  *C.«SAR 
AND  CLEOPATRA.  3.  "CAPTAIN  BRASSBOUND'S 
CONVERSION. 

CASHEL  BYRON'S  PROFESSION.    6s. 

Being  No.  4  of  the  NOVELS  OF  HIS  NONAGE.  Con- 
taining also  THE  ADMIRABLE  BASHVILLE,  and  an 
Essay  on  Modern  Prize  Fighting. 

THE  IRRATIONAL  KNOT.     A  Novel.     6s. 
THE   COMMON  SENSE  OF   MUNICIPAL 

TRADING.    2s.  6(1. 

THE   PERFECT    WAGNERITE.     A    New 

Edition.     Crown  8vo,  3s.  6d.  net. 

*  These  Plays  are  also  issued  separately. 
In  paper  wrappers,  Is.  (Sd.  net  each  ;  cloth,  2s.  net. 

MR.    GEORGE    MEREDITH'S 
WORKS. 

Pocket  Edition,  in  18  vols.,  cloth  gilt,  2s.  6rf.  net  each  ; 
full  limp  leather,  3s.  (Sd.  net;  Library  Edition,  in  crown 
8vo,  18  vols.,  each  with  a  Photogravure  Frontispiece,  6s. 


DIANA  OF  THE  CROSS- 
WAYS. 

HARRY  RICHMOND. 

RHODA  FLEMING. 

THE  SHAVING  OF 
SHAGPAT. 

THE  TRAGIC  COME- 
DIANS. 

SHOUT  STOUIES. 

POEMS— In  Two  Volumes. 

AN  ESSAY  ON  COMEDY. 


RICHARD  FEVEREL. 
BKAUCHAMP'S  CAREER. 
SANDRA  BELLONI. 

vrrroRiA. 

THE  EGOIST. 

EVAN  HARRINGTON. 

ONE  OF  OUR  CON- 
QUKKOE8. 

LORD  ORMONT  AND 
HIS  AMINTA. 

THE  AMAZING  MAR- 
RIAGE. 

NATURE    POEMS.     With   Illustrations   in 

Photogravure    by    WILLIAM     HYDE.      Royal    8vo, 
Vis.  Ca.  net. 

SELECTED  POEMS.    Crown  8vo,  buckram, 

6s.    net ;    16mo,    half-parchment    or    limp     lambskin, 
3s.  6(/.  net. 

A     READING     OF     LIFE.      Crown    8vo, 
buckram,  6s.  net. 

ODES  TN  CONTRIBUTION  TO  THE  SONG 

OF  FRENCH  H ISTORY.    Crown  8vo,  buckram,  6s.  net. 

THE  TALE  OF  CHLOE.    16mo,  half-parch- 

ment,  3».  (id.  net. 

THE  STORY  OF  BH  AN  AVAR.    16mo,  half- 
parchment, :;.«.  ad.  net. 


THE  MEREDITH  POCKET  BOOK      Selec- 

tions  Compiled  and  Arranged  by  G.  M.  TREVELYAN. 
Cloth,  2s.  net;  leather,  2s.  6rf.  net. 

THE    POETRY    AND     PHILOSOPHY    OF 

OBOBGE    MEREDITH.      By  G.    M.   TRKVKLYAN. 
3*.  ad.  net.  [Second  Impression. 


HUMPHREY,    DUKE 
OF  GLOUCESTER. 

By    KENNETH     H.     VICKEKS,     M.A. 

Demy  8vo,  illustrated,  15s.  net. 

"A  piece  of  sound  and  excellent  work,  and  Mr.  Vickers 
is  a  welcome  recruit  to  the  ranks  of  mediaeval  historians." 

Times. 

"  Full  of  the  fruits  of  careful  and  far-reaching  study,  and 
demands  of  right  a  place  among  the  more  significant  his- 
torical works  of  to-day." — Outlook. 

"  A  very  interesting  biography  of  a  very  important 
fifteenth-century  princely  nobleman.  Mr.  Vickers  has 
succeeded  in  bringing  together  much  matter  illustrating 
the  character  and  actions  of  Duke  Humphrey,  and  has 
made  of  them  an  eminently  satisfactory  piece  of  historical 
biography,  one  from  which  the  reader  can  obtain  an  ad- 
mirable impression  of  one  of  England's  great  nobles  at  a 
remarkable  period  in  the  country's  fortunes." — Telegraph. 

DYOTT'S    DIARY, 
1781-1845. 

A    Selection  from  the  Journal  of  William 

Dyott,  sometime  General  in  the  British  Army 

and  Aide-deCamp    to    His    Majesty   King 

George  III. 

Edited  by  REGINALD  W.  JEFFERY,  M.A. 

Brasenose    College. 

With  Portraits. 

In  2  vols,  demy  8vo,  Sis.  6cZ.  net. 

"From    youth    to  old   age   he  jotted   down   in   pithy,   I 
uncompromising  terms  his  impressions  and  verdicts  on  the 
men  he  met,   and  the  movements  lie   witnessed,   in    the   [ 
course  of  a  long  and  active  life.     This  sort  of  book— it  is  a  i 
veritable  human  document— throws  often  deliberately,  but 
quite  as  often  unconsciously,  vivid  little  bits  of  colour  on   j 
the  page  of  history.    The  Dyott  family  has  been  settled  in 
Staffordshire  since  the  year  in  which  Mary  Tudor  came  to   ! 
the  throne,  and  when  Cavaliers    and  Roundheads  drew 
swords,  more  than  one  member  of  it  played  a  gallant  part   | 

in    the     Royalist    cause.      General    Dyott began    his 

distinguished  military  career  as  an  ensign  in  the  Fourth  i 
Regiment.  He  rose  in  due  course  to  the  rank  of  aide-de-  ' 
camp  of  George  III.,  and  when  William  IV.  became  king  , 
he  was  gazetted  general.  He  saw  a  good  deal  of  active 
service  first  and  last,  but  that  was  common  in  those  days;  ] 
what  is  uncommon  in  those  days  is  the  fact  that  he  kept  a  ] 
diary  excellently  well,  that  it  has  now  leaped  to  light,  and  j 
is  full  of  good  stuff."— Standard 

THE 

HOUBLON  FAMILY: 

Its  History  and  Times. 

By  Lady  ALICE  ARCHER   HOUBLON. 

Containing    numerous    Illustrations. 
2  vols,  dem}'  8vo,  31*.  6<l.  net. 

"  The  value  of  this  book  lies  in  the  pictures  of  society  at 
various  times  since  the  fifteenth  century.  The  author  has 
been  very  painstaking  in  her  researches,  and  has  em- 
bodied the  results  of  wide  reading." — Daily  News. 

"  She  has  spared  no  trouble  anil  research  in  making  her 
narrative  attractive,  as  well  as  complete,  and  the  outcome 
is  a  work  which  is  worthy  of  claiming  a.  place  beside  the 
most  valuable  and  most  entertaining  books  of  the  kind  that 
have  appeared  in  recent  years."— Scotsman. 

FACTORS  IN 
MODERN    HISTORY. 

By  A.   F.    POLLARD, 

Professor  of  Constitutional  History  at  University 

College,    London. 

7.s.  (id.  net. 

"Mr.  Pollard  is  possessed  in  quite  a  rare  degree  of  the 
balance  of  temperament  that  we  associate  with  the  ideal 
historian ...  .There  are  piges  in  this  volume  which  those 
who  really  care  for  history  will  read  over  and  over  again 
to  enjoy  their  mingled  strength  and  Iridescence  ..Mr. 
Pollard  has  given  OS  B  book  Which  may  not  improbably 
1  conic  txi  1m'  regarded  as  Indispensable  to  the  most  modest 
pretensions  of  historical  culture."— Pall  Mall  <ia:i  (ta 


NOW  READY. 

THE    PROCEDURE    OF    THE 
HOUSE  OF  COMMONS. 

A  Study  of  its  History  and  Present  Form. 

By  JOSEF  REDLICH, 
Professor  in  the  Faculty  of  Law  and  Political  Science  in 
the  University  of  Vienna,  Author  of  'Local  Government 

in  England.' 

Translated  from  the  German  by  A.  ERNEST  STEINTHAL, 

Of  Lincoln's  Inn,  Barrister-at-Law,  formeily  Fellow 

of  Trinity  College,  Cambridge. 

With  an  Introduction  and  a  Supplementary  Chapter  by 

Sir  COURTENAY    ILBERT,   K.C.S.L, 

Clerk  to  the  House  of  Commons. 

Royal   8vo,    3   vols.    31*.    6d.    net. 

BURIAL  CUSTOMS 
OF    ANCIENT    EGYPT. 

As  illustrated  by 
Tombs  of  the  Middle  Kingdom- 
Being  an  Account  of  Excavations  made  during  1902-3-4 
in  the  Necropolis  of  Beni  Hassan. 
With  over  230  Illustrations. 
By  JOHN  GARSTANG,  B.Litt.  (Oxon)  M.A.  F.S.A.     John 
Rankin  Professor    of    the    Methods    and    Practice    of 
Arch.eology    and    Reader    in    Egyptian    Arehreology, 
University  of  Liverpool ;  Hon.  Fellow  of  the  Society  of 
Northern  Antiquaries,  Copenhagen. 
Crown  4to,  31s.  6d.  net. 
"  This  book  is  a  model  of  what  such  volumes  should  be, 
and    we  heartily  congratulate  both    the  author  and    his 
University,  as  well  as    his  enlightened  patrons,   on  this 
handsome  and  permanent  memorial  of  a  well-planned  and 
well-executed  piece  of  excavation  work." — Liverpool  Courier^ 


RECENT   BOOKS    ON    EGYPT. 
THE  TOMB  OF  IOUIYA  ANDTOUIYOU. 

By  PERCY  E.  NEWBERRY  and  GASTON  MASPERO. 
With  many  Illustrations  in  Colour  and  in  Collotype  by 
HOWARD  CARTER     4to,  "I.  2s.  net. 

THE  TOMB  OF  QUEEN  HATSHOPSITU. 

By  EDOUARD  DE  NAVILLE  and  HOWARD 
CARTER.  Introduction  by  THEODORE  M.  DAVIS; 
The  Life  and  Monuments  of  the  Queen,  by  EDOUARD 
DE  NAVILLE ;  Description  of  the  Finding  and 
Excavation  of  the  Tomb,  by  HOWARD  CARTER 
(Theodore  Davis  Explorations).     4to,  '11.  is.  net. 

A   HANDBOOK    OF    EGYPTIAN 

RELIGION.  By  ADOLF  ERMAN,  Professor  of 
Egyptology,  University  of  Berlin.  Translated  by 
A.  S.  GRIFFITH.  With  130  Illustrations.  Large 
crown  Svo,  10s.  6d.  net. 

SCARABS.      An  Introduction    to    the 

Study  of  Egyptian  Seals  and  Signet  Rings.  By 
PERCY  E.  NEWBERRY.  With  44  Plates  (coloured 
Frontispiece)  and  numerous  Illustrations  in  the  Text. 
Royal  Svo,  18s.  net. 

A    SHORT    HISTORY    OF     ANCIENT 

EGYPT.  By  PERCY  E.  NEWBERRY  and  JOHN 
GARSTANG.  With  4  Maps.  Second  Edition,  illus- 
trated.     Crown  Svo,  3.v.  6rf.  net. 


TECHNICAL    AND    SCIENTIFIC 

BOOKS. 

BOILER    CONSTRUCTION.      By  Frank 


B.    KLEINHANS. 
Tables.     12*  6rf.  net. 


With    nearly    400    Figures    and 


ECONOMICS  OF  AMERICAN  RAIL- 
WAY OPERATION.  By  M.  L  BYERS.  With 
numerous  Diagrams  and  Tables.     21s.  net. 

INTEGRATION    BY    TRIGONOMETRIC 

AND  IMAGINARY  SUBSTITUTION.    By  CHARLES 
O.  QUNTHER,  M.E.,  with  an  Introduction   by 
BURKITT  WEBB,  C.E.     5*.  net. 

PURE   FOOD   TESTS. 

BRUCE.    Illustrated,    lima,  6a  net. 

DAIRY     LABORATORY     GUIDE 

Prof.  C.  W.  MELICK.    Illustrated.    6&  net. 


.1. 


By  Prof.  E.  M. 

By 


London  :   ARCHIBALD  CONSTABLE  &  COMPANY,  Ltd. 


92 


T  B  K     A  Til  E  N  .K  U  M 


No.  ii-:.  Jan. 


MACMILLAN  &  CO.'S   HURST  &  BLACKETTS 


NEW    BOOKS. 


RAMBLING 

RECOLLECTIONS. 

ItY 

Sir  HENRY  DRUMMOND  WOLFF. 

With  Photogravure  and  other  Illustrations. 
■2  vols.  Svo,  tOa.  net. 

Tribune.—  "To  the  anecilotal  and  biographical  literature 
of  the  last  generation  these  volumes  form  an  exceptionally 
interesting  supplement." 

THE  COMING  STRUGGLE 
IN    EASTERN    ASIA. 

By  B.  L.  PUTNAM  WEALE,  Author  of  '  Manchu  and 
Muscovite.'  'The  He-Shaping  of  the  Ear  East,'  'The 
Truce  in  the  East.'  With  numerous  Illustrations,  and 
a  Comprehensive  Map.    Svo,  12s.  6d.  net.       [Tuesday. 


A  CATALOGUE  RAISONNE 

OP    THE    WORKS    OF 

THE  MOST  EMINENT  DUTCH 
PAINTERS  OF  THE  SEVEN- 
TEENTH CENTURY. 

Based  on  the  Work  of  JOHN  SMITH.  By  C. 
HOFSTEDE  DE  GROOT.  Translated  and  Edited  by 
EDWARD    G.    HAWKE.      In  10  vols.   8vo.     Vol.   I. 

Vol  I.  JAN  STEEN,  GABRIEL  METSU,  GERARD 
DOl'  PIETER  DE  HOOCH,  CAREL  FABRITIUS, 
JOHANNES  VERMEER. 


BY    LORD    ACTON. 
THE  HISTORY  OF  FREEDOM. 

AND  OTHER  ESSAYS.  Edited,  with  an  Introduction, 
by  J.  N.  FIGGIS,  M.A.,  and  R.  V.  LAURENCE,  M.A. 
Svo,  10s.  net. 

HISTORICAL  ESSAYS 
AND    STUDIES. 

Edited  by  the  Same.     8vo,  10s.  net. 


THE  THRESHOLD  OF  MUSIC. 

An  Inquirv  into  the  Development  of  the  Musical  Sense. 
By  WILLIAM  WALLACE.     Extra  crown  8vo,  5s.  net. 


H.  FIELDING  HALL'S  NEW  BOOK. 

THE  INWARD  LIGHT. 

By  H.  FIELDING  HALL,  Author  of  "The  Soul  of  a 
People,'  &c.    8vo,  10s.  net. 


VOL.  II.  NOW  READY. 

THE  EVERSLEY  TENNYSON. 

Annotated  by  ALFRED,  LORD  TENNYSON.  Edited 
by  HALLAM,  LORD  TENNYSON.  Vol.  II.  POEMS. 
Globe  8vo,  4s.  net. 


LIST. 


SIR  WALTER  SCOTT. 


By   the   Right   Hon.    GEORGE    WYNDHAM,    M.P. 
8vo,  limp  cloth,  Is.  net 


JAMES   THOMSON. 

By  G.  C.  MACAULAY.    Crown  8vo,  2s.  net. 

[English  Men  of  Letters. 
Times.— "The  book  is,  one  need  hardly  say,  a  work  of 
thorough  scholarship  ;  it  is  a  very  complete  study  of  the 
man  and  his  poetry.  

APHORISMS  AND 
REFLECTIONS  FROM  THE 
WORKS  OF  T.  H.  HUXLEY. 

Selected  by  HENRIETTA  A.  HUXLEY.  Pott  8vo, 
2s.  fid.  net ;  also  cloth  elegant,  2s.  6d.  net ;  limp 
leather,  3s.  6d.  net.  [Golden  Treasury  Series. 

OWEN    WISTER'S    NEW    BOOK. 

THE  SEVEN  AGES 
OF  WASHINGTON. 

A  Biography.  By  OWEN  WISTER,  Author  of  '  Lady 
Baltimore,'  &c.     Illustrated.    Crown  Svo,  8s.  6(i.  net. 

ST.  PAUL'S  EPISTLES  TO 
THE      THESSALONIANS. 

Greek  Text.  With  Introduction  and  Notes  by  GEORGE 
MILLIGAN,  D.D.    Svo,  12s. 


NEW    SIX-SHILLING    NOVELS. 
KOW     HEADY. 

THE    IMBECILES. 

By  L.    LOCKHART   LAN*;, 

Author  of  '  The  Vulgar  Truth,'  «  Modern 

Platonic  Dialogues,'  &e. 


MACMILLAN  &  CO.,  Ltd.,  London. 


ON  FRIDAY. 

NEW  NOVEL  BY  R.  NEILSON  STEPHENS, 

Author  of  '  An  Enemy  of  the  King,'  &c. 

AND 

G.  H.  WESTLEY, 
Author  of  '  At  the  Court  of  the  King,'  &c. 

CLEMENTINA'S 

HIGHWAYMAN. 

6  Illustrations  by  ADELAIDE  EVERHART. 
NEW  NOVEL  BY  EDWARD  H.  HURST. 

THE       MYSTERY      ISLAND. 

Jan.  31. 

NEW  POWERFUL  STORY  BY  C0ULS0N 
KERNAHAN. 

THE    RED    PERIL. 

Jan.  31. 
IN  THE  PRESS. 

GUESSES      AT      TRUTHS. 

Ethical,  Social,  Political,  and  Literary. 

By  DAVID  CHRISTIE  MURRAY. 

Some    ' '  Merlin "   Contributions   to   the   Referee. 

With  a  Portrait.     Crown  8vo,  6s. 

THIRD  IMPRESSION  NOW  READY. 

MRS.   B.    M.    CROKER'S    NEW    INDIAN 

NOVELS. 

THE  COMPANY'S  SERVANT. 

' '  This  is  an  admirable  story  of  life  in  India  as  it 
is  lived  by  English  people  who  are  not  Civil 
Servants,  or  soldiers,  or  planters,  or  merchants,  and 
by  the  Eurasian  population  who  have  more  or  less 
to  do  with  them." — Spectator. 

SECOND  EDITION  NOW  READY. 
DOLF   WYLLARDE'S   NEW   NOVEL. 

M  A  F  0  0  T  A. 

With  8  Illustrations. 

"  Miss  Wyllarde  handles  the  setting  of  her  story 

with  admirable  breadth  and  effect she  can  be 

trusted   to  produce   her  pictures  in  vivid,  well- 
chosen  words." — Pall  Mall  Gazette. 

JUSTIN  HUNTLY  McCARTHY.-SERAPHICA. 

MISS  BEADDON.-HER  CONVICT. 

"RITA."— A  MAN  OF  NO  IMPORTANCE. 

GERTRUDE  PAGE— LOVE  IN  THE  WILDERNESS. 

HELEN    PROTHERO    LEWTS.-THE  RUDDER 
AND  THE  ROCK. 

E.    R.    PUNSHON— THE    MYSTERY    OF     LADY 
ISOBEL.  

HURST    &    BLACKETT,    Limitid, 
182,  High  Holborn,  W.C. 


NEW  BOOKS. 

PUBLISHED  BY 

MR.  T.  FISHER  UNWIN. 
THE    SWISS    DEMOCRACY. 

A  Study  of  a  Sovereign  People. 

By  H.   1).  LLOYD  and  JOHN  A.  HOB80H 

(>».  net. 

THE  CONGO  AND  THE 

COASTS    OF  AFRICA. 

By   RICHARD  HARDING    DAVIS.     Illu- 
trated.     6&  net. 
This  book  sheds  much  new  and  surprising   light 
on  the  manner  in  which  King  Leopold  has  con- 
ducted and   is  conducting  the  government  of  the 
Congo. 

WILD  HONEY  FROM 
VARIOUS  THYME. 

By   MICHAEL   FIELD.     Crown   8vo,  cloth, 

o*.  net. 
The  Academy  says  : — "  Michael  Field  is  perhaps 
the   greatest  of  our   living   lyric   poets   who  are 
actually  writing  at  this  time." 


POEMSBYGIOSUE  CARDUCCI 

Selected  and  Translated,  and  with  an  Intr  > 
duction  by  MAUD  HOLLAND.  Half-parch- 
ment, 58.  net. 

WHAT  IS  RELIGION? 

By  Prof.   W.  BOUSSET.      With  an   Intro- 
duction.    Second  Impression.     5s.  net. 
The  Guardian  says  : — "  We  have  not  often  come 
across  a  volume  dealing  with  comparative  religion 
in  which  so  lurid  a  presentation  is  to  be  found/" 

CHEAP    EDITION. 

THE  AGE  OF    THE    EARTH, 

and  other  Geological  Studies. 

By  W.  J.  SOLLAS,  LL.D.  Illustrated. 
6s.  net. 


THE   CAUSES    OF    PRESENT 
DISCONTENTS    IN    INDIA. 

By  C.  J.  O'DONNELL,  M.P.     2s.  6d.  net. 
A  criticism  of  the  policy  of  the  present  Govern- 
ment, and  a  plea  for  the  adoption  of  conciliatory 
methods. 

NEW    6-    NOVELS. 

THE    BLUE    LAGOON. 

By  H.  DE  VERE  STACKPOOLE,  Author  of 
'  The  Crimson  Azaleas.'    [Third  Imprt  mow. 
The  Globe  says  : — "  Weirdly  imaginative,  remote, 
and  fateful." 

The    Daily    Telegraph    says : — "  A   hauntingly 
beautiful  story." 

EVE'S    APPLE. 

By    ALPHONSE    COURLANDER,    Author 
of  '  The  Sacrifice,' &c.     8s. 
A  society  romance  with  a  strong  ethical  interest. 

THE    TERROR    OF 
THE    MACDURGHOTTS. 

By  C.  E.  PLAYNE.     6a. 
A  powerful  story  of  a  family  feud. 

Mr.  Fisher  Univin's  Spring  Announcement  List  is 
now  ready.    Sent  post  free  on  application. 

T.  FISHER  UNWIN,  1,  Adelphi  Terrace,  London. 


No.  4187,  Jan.  25,  1908 


THE    ATHENAEUM 


93 


SATURDAY,  JANUARY  25,  190S. 


CONTENTS. 

PAGE 
NUNBURNHOLME 93 

A  Sister  of  Marie  Antoinette 9* 

The  Clyde,  River  and  Firth 95 

John  Law  of  Lauriston 96 

New  Novels  (Second  Selves  ;  The  White  Wedding  ; 
The  Sacred  Herb  ;  The  Speculator  ;  The  Golden 
Fleece  ;  A  New  Cinderella  ;  Dr.  Burton's  Success)  97—98 

Verse  Old  and  New 98 

Our  Library  Table  (Correspondance  de  Dostoi'evski ; 
Pontifical  Services  ;  Factory  and  Shop  Acts  of  the 
British  Dominions  ;  The  Post  Office  Directory  ; 
Willing's  Press  Guide        99—100 

Notes  from  Paris  ;  The  Aim  in  Classical  Teach- 
ing ;  '  Shakespeare's  Warwickshire  Contem- 
poraries';  The  History  of  the  Indian 
Mutiny  100—102 

List  of  New  Books 102 

Literary  gossip         103 

Science  —  Research    Notes  ;    Anthropological 

Notes;  The  Pitt  Rivers  Museum  at  Oxford; 

Societies;  Meetings  Next  Week;  Gossip  104—107 

Fine  Arts— Solon  on  Italian  J  Majolica;  The 
International  Society;  Sale ;  Gossip    ..    108—110 

Music— Mr.  Holbrooke's  Illuminated  Dramatic 
Symphony  ;  Elf  Wiener  Tanze  ;  Gossip  ;  Per- 
formances Next  Week 110—111 

Drama— The  O'Grindles Ill 

Index  to  Advertisers        112 


LITERATURE 


Nunburnholme :  its  History  and  Anti- 
quities. By  the  Rev.  M.  C.  F.  Morris. 
(Frowde.) 
There  seems  to  be  something  in  the 
Yorkshire  air  which  leads  certain  of  the 
beneficed  clergy  to  write  with  vividness 
and  accuracy  of  the  parishes  with  which 
they  are  connected.  Among  the  best  of 
the  topographical  writings  of  recent 
years  are  the  late  Canon  Atkinson's 
'  Forty  Years  of  a  Moorland  Parish ' 
and  Mr.  Brooke's  '  Slingsby  and  Slingsby 
Castle.'  To  these  and  others  of  their 
class  may  now  be  added  Mr.  Morris's 
account  of  the  small  parish  of  Nunburn- 
holme, of  which  he  has  been  rector  for 
the  last  fifteen  years,  in  succession  to  his 
father,  the  Rev.  F.  O.  Morris  of  ornitho- 
logical fame. 

Nunburnholme,  which  stands  at  the 
extreme  western  edge  of  the  East  Riding 
wolds,  is  a  long,  narrow  parish  with  a 
much-diversified  geological  surface,  and 
varied  and  picturesque  scenery.  The 
population  is  but  little  over  200,  and  the 
area  about  1,850  acres  ;  yet,  under  the 
skilled  hand  of  the  rector,  its  story  is  well 
worth  telling,  and  the  manner  in  which 
it  is  treated  ought  to  make  this  book  of 
considerable  interest  to  many  of  those 
who  have  no  immediate  acquaintance 
with  either  the  place  or  the  district. 
The  pages  are  so  pleasantly  and  easily 
written,  without  any  undue  intrusion  of 
scholarship  or  dry  archaeological  details, 
that  the  book  might  well  serve  as  a  model 
for  those  who  have  wit  and  patience 
sufficient  to  draw  up  a  genuine  history  of 
the  parish  in  which  they  live. 

The  introductory  chapter  deals  with 
the  geological  formation  and  cultivation 
of  the  surface  : — 

"  Until  within  the  last  hundred  years  or  so, 
when  Sir  Tatton  Sykes  and  others  discovered 


the  capabilities  of  the  wolds  for  growing  corn 
and  turnips,  there  were  probably  few  parts  of 
England  that  had  undergone  less  change  in 
appearance  than  the  Wold  district  of  the 
East  Riding.  Its  long  stretches  of  wave-like 
rolling  and  open  country,  covered  with  fine 
grass,  must  have  looked  much  the  same  as 
they  did  when  the  ancient  Britons  were 
living  here,  clustered  together  in  their  rude 
hut-like  dwellings." 

In  the  same  section  there  is  a  good 
summary  of  the  prehistoric  and  Roman 
records  of  the  parish,  and  this  is  followed 
by  a  concise  treatment  of  the  descent 
of  the  manor,  which  has  been  successively 
held  by  a  large  number  of  distinguished 
families,  beginning  in  early  days  with  the 
great  feudal  house  of  Greystoke,  from 
whom  it  passed  by  marriage,  at  the 
beginning  of  the  sixteenth  century,  to  the 
Dacres,  and  thence  to  the  Howards  and 
Cavendishes.  In  1847  the  sixth  Duke  of 
Devonshire  sold  the  Londesborough  pro- 
perty, including  the  manor  of  Nunburn- 
holme, to  Mr.  George  Hudson,  the  once- 
celebrated  "  Railway  King."  It  after- 
wards passed  to  the  Earls  of  Londes- 
borough. Mr.  Morris  has  been  successful 
in  finding  a  considerable  number  of 
manorial  court  rolls,  which  begin  early  in 
the  seventeenth  century  ;  from  these  he 
gives  a  variety  of  interesting  extracts. 

The  third  chapter  treats  of  the  church 
and  benefice.  The  church,  though  small, 
is  an  interesting  fabric,  chiefly  of  Norman 
date,  but  includes  some  thirteenth- century 
features.  During  a  restoration  in  1873 
two  of  the  original  three  sections  of  a 
richly  ornamented  pre-Norman  cross  shaft 
were  discovered,  and  these  have  been 
replaced  in  position  in  the  churchyard. 
The  designs  are  unusual,  and  date  from 
the  Viking  period  between  900  and  1000. 
The  late  Romilly  Allen  considered  this 
cross  shaft  to  be  of  exceptional  historical 
value  ;  he  dealt  with  it  at  length  in  The 
Reliquary  for  April,  1901,  and  illustrations 
of  it  are  here  reproduced  from  that 
journal. 

Mr.  Morris  has  shown  much  industry 
in  drawing  up,  with  a  considerable  amount 
of  annotations,  a  complete  list  of  fifty- 
five  rectors,  beginning  with  Alan  de 
Hessell,  who  was  instituted  by  Arch- 
bishop Walter  Gray  in  1240.  Up  to 
1268  the  patronage  of  this  rectory  was 
in  the  hands  of  the  prior  and  convent  of 
the  neighbouring  Austin  house  of  Warter  ; 
but  in  that  year  Archbishop  Gray  effected 
an  exchange  by  which  this  rectory  was 
transferred  to  himself  and  his  successors, 
with  whom  it  remains.  We  are  glad 
to  find  that  Mr.  Morris  has  not  fallen  into 
the  trap,  complacently  entered  by  the 
usual  run  of  topographical  writers  in 
the  Yorkshire  diocese,  of  accepting  the 
easily  accessible  Torre  MSS.  as  authori- 
tative and  conclusive.  Torre  was  an 
industrious  compiler,  in  the  seventeenth 
century,  from  the  original  episcopal 
registers  of  the  see,  drawing  up  lists  of  all 
the  holders  of  benefices ;  but  the  few 
who  are  acquainted  with  the  actual 
registers  are  well  aware  that  Torre  made 
a  variety  of  mistakes,  both  of  omission 
and  commission,  particularly  the  former. 
Thus,  in  the  thirteenth-century  records, 


Mr.  Morris  has  found  entries  at  York  of 
the  institution  of  two  rectors  of  this 
parish  of  the  days  of  Archbishop 
Giffard  who  escaped  the  notice  of 
Torre.  Among  the  later  rectors  is 
mentioned  the  case  of  William  Page, 
D.D.,  who  held  the  benefice  from  1816  to 
1818.  His  was  a  gross  instance  of 
pluralism.  He  was  at  one  and  the 
same  time,  in  addition  to  being  rector 
of  Nunburnholme,  head-master  of  West- 
minster School,  rector  of  Quainton,  vicar 
of  Willan  and  Steventon,  prebendary  of 
Westminster,  and  sub- almoner.  There 
is  no  indication  in  the  registers  that  he 
ever  resided  in  this  parish  ;  Mr.  Morris 
concludes  that  he  probably  visited  the 
place  only  once,  namely,  when  he  was  in- 
ducted. The  author  seems  to  be  unaware 
that  some  of  the  bishops  of  that  period 
not  infrequently  permitted  induction  by 
proxy.  Charles  Dyson,  who  held  the 
living  from  1818  to  1829,  was  a  happy 
contrast  to  his  predecessor.  He  was  a 
generous  and  devoted  parish  priest,  a 
great  scholar,  and  for  a  time  a  fellow  of 
Ms  college,  Corpus  Christi,  Oxford.  Dyson 
was  the  intimate  friend  of  John  Keble, 
Arnold,  and  J.  T.  Coleridge,  and  it  is  said 
that  it  was  chiefly  owing  to  his  advice 
and  influence  that  Keble  was  induced  to 
publish  '  The  Christian  Year.' 

The  parish  registers  of  Nunburnholme 
begin  in  1586.  The  annotations  on 
specific  entries  are  throughout  written  in 
a  bright  and  informing  way,  without 
any  undue  extension.  In  a  baptismal 
entry  of  1731  the  father  of  the  child  is 
described  as  a  "  datall  man."  Mr.  Morris 
adds  that  the  word  is  still  common  enough 
in  parts  of  the  East  Riding  (and  to  this 
we  may  add  North  Riding),  though  it  is 
now  written  "  daytal  "  ;  it  merely  signifies 
that  the  man  was  a  day  labourer,  or  paid 
by  the  day.  By  far  the  greater  part  of 
the  agricultural  work  used  to  be  done 
by  those  who  were  hired  for  the  year  at 
Martinmas. 

The  sixth  chapter  contains  a  charming 
account  of  the  small  Benedictine  nunnery, 
which  was  founded  in  the  twelfth  century, 
and  has  obviously  given  the  prefix 
"  nun  "  to  the  present  name  of  the  village 
and  parish.  Like  every  one  of  unbiassed 
mind  who  has  gravely  studied  the  mediaeval 
religious  houses  of  England  and  the 
manner  of  their  suppression,  Mr.  Morris 
has  come  to  the  conclusion  that 
the  monastic  visitors  appointed  by 
Thomas  Cromwell  were  men  of  the  vilest 
stamp,  odious  slander- mongers,  whose 
charges  are  unworthy  of  credence.  He 
does  not  hesitate  to  describe  Legh  and 
Layton,  the  two  visitors  of  this  priory  in 
1535,  as  "  ruffians."  and  adds  : — 

"  There  can  be  little  doubt  that  had  the 
question  of  the  continuanco  or  otherwise  of 
our  nunnery  been  decided  by  those  living  on 
the  spot  and  in  the  immediate  neighbourhood, 
the  vast  majority  would  have  given  their 
voices  in  its  favour." 

Two  of  the  later  chapters — those  that 
deal  with  field  names  and  the  dialect — 
treat  of  subjects  in  which  Mr.  Morris, 
as  shown  by  his  previous  writings,  such 
as  '  Yorkshire  Folk-Talk,'  is  an  expert. 


!M 


T  II  E     ATI!  KNJEUM 


No.  U87,  Jan.  25,  190G 


Tho  account  Of  the  parish,  with  its  great 
fields,  before  the  enclosures  of  17f>.r)  liad 
taken  place,  is  a  straightforward,  graphic 
hit  of  writing,  which  brings  home  to  us 
in  a  few  sentences  the  true  nature  of  the 
Open-field  system  of  agriculture  which 
prevailed  throughout  England  for  many 
centuries. 

Mr.  Morris  contends,  after  a  con- 
vincing fashion,  that  the  old  dialect 
or  folk-speech  of  East  Yorkshire  might 
rightly  be  termed  Anglo-Scandinavian,  for 
the  elements  of  the  Norse  language  even 
now  are  greatly  prevalent.  In  addition 
to  a  considerable  number  cf  words  in 
common  use  which  are  strictly  Norse,  and 
unknown  in  other  parts  of  England, 
there  is  a  large  vocabulary  which  differs 
but  slightly  from  the  general  usage  of  the 
king's  English.  Such  variations  are  com- 
monly passed  over,  as  mere  mispronuncia- 
tions, by  those  who  have  made  no  study 
of  the  dialect.  But  doot  for  doubt,  hus 
for  house,  bink  for  bench,  toon  for  town, 
pund  for  pound,  and  tumrrCl  for  tumble 
are  more  like  their  Scandinavian  originals 
than  are  the  usually  accepted  forms  and 
pronunciations  of  the  same  words.  Mr. 
Morris  lays  particular  stress,  as  an  example, 
on  the  common  word  hus,  arguing  that  hus 
is  right,  and  "  house  "  is  wrong  ;  that  is  to 
say,  hits  is  in  exact  unison  with  the  Norse 
sound  of  the  word  whence  ours  is  derived, 
and  is  thus  pronounced  by  all  Scandi- 
navians to-day,  including  Icelanders ; 
and  it  certainly  was  hus  in  Saxon  times. 
Moreover,  the  Yorkshire  use  of  the  word 
is  somewhat  different  from  that  of  ordinary 
modern  English. 

"  It  sounds  almost  like  a  riddle  to  ask  when 
is  a  man  at  one  and  the  same  time  in  his 
house  and  not  in  his  house.  The  answer  is, 
when  he  is  upstairs.  The  explanation  is  this. 
Our  Yorkshire  folk  do  not  speak  about  a 
bedroom  as  part  of  the  house  proper  ;  the  has 
is  the  downstairs  daily-room  where  they  sit : 
the  word  bedroom,  by  the  way,  is  never  used  ; 
it  is  always  called '  t  chaam'r'  (the  chamber). 
I  was  once  visiting  an  old  man  who  was  ill, 
and  I  found  him  upstairs  in  bed  ;  ho  told  me 
that  he  had  not  been  '  i'  t'  hoos  for  mair  'an 
a  week.'  I  imagine  the  old  Yorkshire  use 
of  this  word  is  due  to  the  fact  that  in  olden 
days  the  houses  of  the  poor  had  no  upstair 
rooms.  To  this  day  in  the  country  places  in 
Western  Denmark,  it  is  a  rare  thing  to  find  an 
old  cottage  with  a  sleeping-place  anywhere 
but  on  the  ground  floor.  If  there  is  an  upper 
8tory  at  all,  it  is  merely  used  as  a  store- 
room or  granary." 

Local  etymologists  and  students  of 
dialect  cannot  fail  to  appreciate  Mr. 
Morris's  handling  of  the  topics  in  which 
they  are  interested.  Many  readers  will 
find  a  good  deal  that  is  novel  and  inform- 
ing in  his  account  of  Elizabethan  Nun- 
burnholme  and  in  the  chapter  termed 
4  Agricultural  Notes.'  Other  sections  deal 
with  important  families,  and  with  the 
birds  and  flowers  of  the  district ;  whilst 
antiquaries  will  find  in  the  appendixes 
transcripts  of  a  variety  of  early  charters 
pertinent  to  the  parish. 

A  number  of  illustrations,  a  good  map, 
and  a  satisfactory  index  add  to  the  value 
of  one  of  the  best  topographical  books 
dealing  with  a  single  parish  which  it  has 
been  our  lot  to  notice.  .  . 


A    Sister   of  Marie   Antoinette  :     the   Life 

Story    of  Maria     Carolina,     Queen    of 

Naples.  By    Mrs.    Bearne.        (Fisher 
Unwin.) 

Mrs.  Bjearne  follows  the  fashion  in 
making  an  attempt  to  divorce  biography 
from  history.  "  The  more  serious  st  udent 
of  history  "  is  several  times  warned  off 
her  pages  ;  and  any  pretence  to  research 
is  expressly  disclaimed  in  the  Preface. 
Yet,  though  "  the  life  and  personal 
history "  of  Maria  Carolina,  Queen  of 
Naples,  is  stated  to  be  her  theme,  the 
author  seems  to  have  made  herself  ac- 
quainted with  works  of  a  larger  scope 
than  the  compilation  of  a  chronicle 
of  gossip  would  have  necessitated,  and 
to  have  formed  with  their  help  decided 
conclusions  of  her  own.  Although  the 
references  she  makes  to  authorities  are 
not  over-precise,  she  is  at  least  conscious 
of  the  propriety  of  giving  sound  work  to 
her  readers.  She  is  herself  evidently 
a  good  linguist.  The  result  is  an  interest- 
ing and  not  uninstructive  piece  of  his- 
torical biography,  which  may  easily  be 
supplemented  or  corrected  by  those  who 
wish  to  pursue  the  subject  further. 

The  author  is  doubtless  right  in  thinking 
that  most  people  know  little  about  Marie 
Antoinette's  sisters.  Of  the  daughters 
of  Maria  Theresa  (or  Theresia,  as  Mrs. 
Bearne  calls  her),  Carolina  was  the  only 
one  besides  the  unfortunate  Queen  of 
France  who  figured  prominently  on  the 
European  stage.  Some  account  of  the 
others  and  their  brothers,  two  of  whom 
became  Emperor,  is  given  in  the  opening 
section  of  the  volume.  Neither  of  the 
two  historical  personages  was  their 
mother's  favourite.  Yet  the  Empress 
considered  that  of  all  her  daughters 
Carolina  resembled  her  the  most.  Mrs. 
Bearne  remarks  that  the  Queen  of  Naples, 
like  her  mother,  did  her  utmost  to  obtain 
a  lasting  influence  over  her  daughters, 
and  that,  like  her,  she  unfortunately 
had  favourites. 

Between  Marie  Antoinette  and  Maria 
Carolina  there  was  a  strong  resemblance 
in  person,  but  those  who  knew  them 
both  awarded  intellectual  superiority  to 
the  latter.  Where  the  Neapolitan  Queen 
showed  her  inferiority  was  in  her  in- 
capacity for  bearing  adversity.  "  She 
would  never  have  said,  like  her  sister," 
notes  the  present  writer,  "  '  J'ai  tout  vu, 
tout  su,  et  tout  pardonne.'  "  Yet  it  must 
be  said  on  her  behalf,  that  though  she 
had  only  exile  to  face,  her  trial  was  more 
prolonged.  Napoleon  evidently  had  some 
such  opinion  of  the  consort  of  Ferdinando 
as  Mirabeau  expressed  of  the  wife  of 
Louis  XVI.  The  sisters  were  linked 
alike  in  the  affections  of  early  youth 
and  in  their  political  enmities.  The 
avenging  of  Marie  Antoinette's  death, 
and  steadfast  opposition  to  the  principles 
of  those  who  had  brought  it  about  and 
their  successors,  was  Maria  Carolina's 
life-task.  In  her  study  she  kept  a  picture 
of  the  Queen  of  France,  inscribed  :  "  Je 
poursuiverai  ma  vengeance  jusqu'au  tom- 
beau." 

The  Empress  Maria  Theresa  stipulated 


in  the  marriage  contract  of  he*  daughter 
with  Ferdinando  IV.  of  Naples  that 
Maria    Carolina    should  in 

the  State  Council  when  she  had  borne 
an  heir.  The  Queen  of  Naples  fully 
inherited  her  mother's  predilection  for 
public  business.  She  was  successful  in 
shaking  of!  Spanish  influences  in  Nea- 
politan affairs,  and  aided  Acton  in  Lis 
work  of  making  her  State  a  power  to 
be  reckoned  with  in  Italy.  Her  husband 
was  content,  except  at  rare  intervals, 
to  leave  everything  in  their  hands,  so 
long  as  he  could  have  plenty  of  hunting 
and  fishing,  and  indulge  in  an  occasional 
frolic  with  the  lazzaroni  and  a  fleet- 
ing amour  with  a  mistress.  A  typical 
Southern  Italian,  he  did  not  deserve 
his  popularity.  The  cruelties  perpetrated 
by  Bomba's  grandfather  have,  as  the 
author  points  out,  been  unfairly  attributed 
to  his  wife's  influence ;  whereas  they 
took  place  during  her  absence,  and  while 
her  power  was  temporarily  in  abeyance. 
Conversely,  the  administrative  reforms 
inaugurated  in  the  pre  -  revolutionary 
period  have  been,  without  reason  ascribed 
to  the  King. 

Whilst  the  author's  critical  strictures 
upon  the  general  tone,  and  some  of 
the  specific  statements,  of  Colletta  and 
other  revolutionary  writers  appear  to 
be  justified,  she  cannot  be  considered 
free  herself  from  an  opposite  bias.  Not 
only  revolutionists,  but  also  "  radicals  " 
(a  favourite  term  with  her),  seem  to  be 
in  her  mind  synonymous  with  everything 
base  and  immoral.  Mrs.  Bearne  writes 
obscurely  of  the  causes  of  quarrel  between 
Naples  and  the  French  Republic  in  1792  ; 
and  her  statement  that  '*  Ferdinando 
did  blame  the  Queen  for  the  plight  they 
were  in  "  seems  hardly  compatible  with 
her  anxiety  a  few  pages  earlier  to  combat 
any  such  assertion  with  regard  to  the 
first  flight  to  Sicily.  The  annulling  of 
Ruffo's  convention  with  Caracciolo  may 
have  been  perfectly  consistent,  as  Mrs. 
Bearne  holds,  with  international  practice, 
and  the  Queen  may  have  had  little  to 
do  with  Nelson's  action  ;  but  the  note 
on  the  subject  is  by  itself  inconclusive, 
nor,  if  blame  attaches  to  the  English 
admiral's  action,  is  it  to  be  removed  by 
the  consideration  of  his  "  not  inexplicable" 
dislike  of  "  the  French  and  the  Jacobins." 
And  when,  in  discussing  the  execution 
of  Caracciolo,  the  author  remarks  that 
"  the  fate  of  Andre  at  the  hands  of 
Washington  has  not ....  caused  that  emi- 
nent republican  to  be  called  a  tyrant  or 
murderer  by  radical  writers," 

she  misses  the  point  altogether,  which 
is  that  Andre  was  a  spy,  even  though 
he  was  "  a  loyal  soldier  and  stainless 
gentleman." 

Mrs.  Bearne  does  not  venture  to  defend 
the  obstinate  vagaries  of  her  hen  ineV 
later  years.  She  admits  that  Maria 
Carolina  "  had  no  discrimination  of  charac- 
ter in  choosing  her  friends,  and  no  reserve 
or  caution  when  she  had  chosen  them," 
though  a  plausible  plea  is  advanced 
for  her  notorious  spy  system.  She  denies, 
probably  with  reason,  that  the  Queen 
was  personally  implacable  or  inclined  to 


No.  4187,  Jan.  25,  1908 


THE     ATHEN^UM 


95 


cruelty ;  and  she  very  fairly  places 
against  the  revolutionary  hypothesis  of 
scandalous  letters  of  hers  found  in  the 
Naples  archives,  and  suppressed  in  the 
family  interest,  the  blameless  tenor  of 
her  existing  voluminous  correspondence. 
She,  is,  however,  constrained  to  admit 
that  the  Queen's  opposition  to  the 
Sicilian  demands  was  unreasonable,  and 
that  the  action  which  she  took  to  repress 
them  justified  the  English  intervention. 

It  is  clear  that  at  this  period  the 
Queen's  mind  had  become  unhinged  by 
her  sufferings  ;  and  as  she  would  net  of 
her  own  will  retire  into  private  life, 
England  could  hardly  have  done  anything 
better  for  the  general  good  than  send 
her  back  to  Austria.  When  it  was  too 
late,  Maria  Carolina  seems  to  have  realized 
her  own  mistakes,  for  she  said  to  a 
friend  : — 

"  For  a  long  time  I  have  believed  that  I 
knew  how  to  govern,  and  I  have  only  found 
out  my  mistake  when  it  was  too  late.  In 
order  to  rule  men  wisely  one  should  study 
and  understand   them  ;    this  I  did   not  do. 

j    If  ever  God  should  restore  me  to  the  throne, 

J   I  will  begin  a  new  life." 

But  this  she  had  never  a  chance  of  doing, 
her  death  taking  place  while  the  Congress 
of  Vienna  was  sitting.  She  lived,  how- 
ever, to  forgive  Napoleon,  and  to  urge 
her  grand-niece,  Marie  Louise,  not  to 
abandon  him  :  it  is  said  that  the  exiled 
Queen  had  more  influence  than  any  one 
else  over  that  unsatisfactory  person. 

Mrs.  Bearne  has  printed  in  her  book 
several  letters  of  Maria  Carolina,  most 
of  them  from  the  Broadley  Collection. 
The  explanation  that  her  customary 
signature  was  Charlotte  should  have 
come  after  the  first  of  them.  Several 
are  addressed  to  "  Milady  Hamilton  "  : 
they  are  usually  in  very  indifferent 
French.  It  is  not  stated  who  was  the 
recipient  of  those  printed  on  pp.  406-7. 
In  one  of  these  the  unintelligible  "  mare- 
lier  "  is  a  manifest  misprint  for  marcher. 
On  p.  292  the  substitution  of  an  n 
for  an  m  ("  n'etant  "  for  "  m'etant  ") 
materially  affects  the  sense.  Other  mis- 
prints are  "  Paisello "  (p.  363)  and 
"1815"  fcr  1805  (p.  365).  The  transla- 
tions are  in  most  cases  good.  The  name 
of  the  victor  of  Maida  was  Sir  John  (not 
"  Sir  Robert  ")  Stuart.  The  illustrations 
are  passable,  but  the  index  is  ludicrously 
inadequate. 


The  Clyde,  River  and  Firth.  Painted  by 
Mary  Y.  and  J.  Young  Hunter.  De- 
scribed by  Neil  Munro.  (A.  &  C.  Black.) 
Glasgow,  we  learn,  is  "  no  place  for 
the  singleminded  enthusiast  whose  passion 
is  trout  fishing  or  the  collection  of  birds' 
eggs."  It  is  a  mighty  place  for  trade, 
"  with  a  stern  and  arid  Sabbath,  and  a 
preposterous  early  hour  for  the  closing  of 
public-houses."  Above  it  you  find  the 
river,  in  it  the  harbour,  below  it  the  firth. 
All  three  have  their  beauties,  rendered  with 
such  grace  and  variety  in  the  67  water- 
colour  illustrations  by  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Hunter  that  the  difficulty  is  to  determine 
whether  the   brilliancy  of    Neil   Munro's 


letterpress  is  more  a  literary  reflection  of 
his  colleagues'  artistic  impressions,  or  a 
revelation  of  his  own  filial  pride  in  the 
firth.  The  river  "  from  a  mossy  cup  in 
a  nook  of  barren  hill,"  and  the  estuary 
down  to  Ailsa  Craig,  are  shown  under 
many  phases  of  wind  and  weather,  with 
castles,  mountains,  hill-sides,  waterfalls, 
villages,  orchards,  and]  fishing  pools  ;  the 
harbour  and  shipping ;  and  the  yacht- 
flecked  lower  waters  and  mountain- girt 
lochs,  with  endless  glens  and  islands  and 
landmarks  of  history  since  the  Norsemen's 
time.  The  fidelity  of  these  sketches  is 
as  marked  a  characteristic  as  their  win- 
someness.  Perhaps  the  ships  sometimes 
come  out  rather  hard  and  stiff,  although 
the  lighter  craft,  with  the  sweep  of  their 
white  sails,  are  finely  caught  in  motion. 
The  Clyde  is  set  down  truly  as  well  as 
beautifully,  for  the  too  frequent  sky  of 
lead  is  not  flattered  out  of  these  land- 
scapes. For  examples  of  singularly  happy 
achievement  it  may  be  enough  to  refer  to 
the  pictures  of  Glen  Croe,  of  Tinto,  and  of 
Corra  Linn. 

Neil  Munro  starts  his  text  with  a 
whimsical  adventure,  a  nefarious  enter- 
prise of  himself  and  a  co-conspirator 
against  the  very  existence  of  the  river. 
At  its  veritable  source,  where  a  hat  would 
cover  the  nascent  stream,  a  bottle  of  hock 
was  emptied  to  the  honour  of  all  rivers, 
but  specially  to  Clyde,  "  the  mother  of 
our  fortunes  "  ;  then  the  two  traitors  took 
the  cork — made,  alas  !  in  Germany — and 
feloniously  corked  the  rill.  They  fled,  to 
be  haunted,  however,  on  their  homeward 
way  by  a  blood-guilty  consciousness  of 
the  first  stillness  of  innumerable  centuries 
coming  upon  Corra  Linn,  of  Bothwell's 
ruined  keep  aghast  over  an  empty  and 
arid  chasm,  and  Glasgow  horrified  to 
find  her  ships  heeled  over  in  the  fetid 
ooze !  The  note  of  persiflage,  here 
luxuriant,  is  frequently  in  evidence, 
sometimes  in  sheer  buoyancy  of  spirits, 
sometimes  as  a  sly  touch  of  sarcasm,  often 
as  a  humorous  turn  to  the  emotion  of  a 
man  who  knows  and  loves  his  Clyde — for 
that  is  the  underlying  note  of  all. 
The  author  is  incorrigible:  he  not 
only  dares  to  chaff  the  sacrosanct  Words- 
worth and  Turner  and  Johnson,  but  also 
quotes  a  benighted  passage  of  disrespect 
to  the  grave  Hunterian  Museum  itself. 
He  hesitates  to  deify  the  Corporation  of 
Glasgow,  indicates  objection  to  a  Cove- 
nanter dying  in  his  well-earned  bed,  and 
can  be  guilty  of  playful  disparagement  of 
suburban  charms.     Thus  : — 

"  There  is  a  certain  air — not,  strictly  speak- 
ing, hauteur,  let  us  call  it  dignity  or  self- 
respect — about  Helensburgh  which  makes  it 
stand  aloof  from  the  vulgar  competition  of 
other  towns  for  popular  recognition.  It  does 
not  advertise  itself  as  the  '  Madeira  of  Scot- 
land,' and,  following  the  counsel  of  Fenelon, 
does  everything  without  excitement,  simply 
in  the  spirit  of  grace." 

But  Helensburgh  has  its  revenge,  for  even 
a  picturesque  pen  may  find  it  difficult  to 
realize  the  spirit  of  grace  in  Greenock,  and 
may  betray  symptoms  of  exhaustion  when 
( lourock  is  the  theme. 
Glasgow      the      writer     describes     as 


constructing  ships'  hulls  "  by  the  mile," 
but  he  has  the  consideration  (worthy  of 
grateful  recognition)  neither  to  explain  its 
well-known  superiority  over  Edinburgh, 
nor  to  derive  the  place-name  from  a 
happy  family  or  a  coloured  greyhound, 
nor  to  account  for  the  fishmarket  sense  of 
"  Glasgow  magistrate."  You  get  these 
things,  as  lie  suavely  indicates  regarding 
some  such,  "in  all  the  other  books  about 
the  Clyde."  While  his  chapters  are 
essentially  open-air  essays,  they  form  a 
comprehensive  survey,  historical  and 
descriptive,  in  which  the  characteristics  of 
the  river  and  its  communities,  past  and 
present,  are  shown  with  surprising 
freshness,  and  even  gaiety. 

His  chief  sympathies  are  apparently 
those  of  an  angler  and  a  yachtsman.  He 
pictures  the  dead  season  of  the  yachts 
laid  up  in  rows  for  the  winter,  dismasted, 
pathetic — like  Greenwich  pensioners,  who 
will  never  again  go  back  to  sea — while 
their  owners  are  "counting  the  days  till 
they  shall  return  to  the  sport  of  kings." 

"  But  no  sooner  do  the  birds  of  the  wood 
begin  to  build  than  those  seabirds,  infected 
by  the  Spring,  begin  to  stir:  as  the  days 
lengthen  they  come  flying  forth,  and  shake 
their  wings  in'the  heat  of  the  sun,  and  grow 
bolder  and  stronger  till  with  the  swallow 
they  remember  and  soar  into  the  old  familiar 
blue.  Then  the  Firth  of  Clyde  is  itself  again, 
and  standing  on  its  shore  you  see  these 
swooping  vessels  wheel  and  poise,  as  things 
all  quivering  with  life,  invested  with  some 
soul  of  reason.  Of  all  the  varied  crafts 
that  make  the  estuary  a  busy  highway, 
there  are  three  that  eminently  delight  the 
artist's  eye — not  the  frequent  ship  of  war 
with  her  sinister  grey  reptile  aspect,  nor  the 
ocean  liner  like  a  tenement  afloat,  nor  the 
great  white  steam  yacht  that  is  a  palace, 
nor  the  sordid  '  tramp,'  but  the  square-rigged 
merchantman,  the  humble  lighter  and  the 
cutter  yacht.  The  doom  of  the  sailing  ship 
is  knelled,  they  say,  but  still  white  barques 
and  brigantines  rise  day  by  day  like  phantoms 
of  dead  armadas,  and  come  round  the  Cloch 
as  proud  and  stately  as  of  old  :  their  figure- 
heads stretch  and  aspire  in  ivory  and  gold 
as  though  only  they  knew  the  secret  of  the 
sea,  and  are  singing  night  and  day  as  they 
lead  the  way  over  its  unseen  paths." 

The  fisher-town  cf  Tarbert  would  have 
had  its  interest  heightened  by  a  note 
that  it  was  once  the  county  town  of  a 
forgotten  shire  of  Tarbert.  Rosneath, 
which  Scott  "  proclaimed  an  island,"  was 
long  before  Sir  Walter's  day  styled 
"  insula  "  in  title-deeds — an  island  in  the 
older  popular  conception  perhaps  not 
requiring  rigorously  to  be  surrounded  by 
water.  Finlayston  is  associated  with  an 
unusual  feudal  service,  which  should 
interest  our  author.  The  feuars  of  six- 
teenth-century Earls  of  Glencairn  in  Salt- 
coats, Ayrshire,  were  bound  to  supply  the 
best  boat  the  town  could  boast  in  order  to 
convey,  in  March,  the  earls'  chattels  by  sea 
from  their  mansion  at  Kerelaw,  Saltcoats, 
to  their  other  mansion  of  Finlayston, 
Renfrewshire,  and  to  take  them  back  in 
July.  Dumhuck,  the  fine  height  above 
Bowling,  had  an  old  proverb  sometimes 
used  to  denote  its  command  of  Dumbarton: 
"Ho  that  beareth  Dumbuck  may  bear 
Dumbarton."  Sucli  press  errors  as  "  have  " 
for  has  (p.   42)  and  "  hoardes  "    (p.  176) 


96 


Til  E     ATI!  KN\K  I'M 


Nu.  4187,  .Jan.  25,  L908 


,iir  venial  blemishes  in  a  beautiful  book, 
which  ii  an  c\(  rill -iit  memorial  i  f 
the  Clyde,  dewed  through  three  happy 
temperaments. 


John     hue    of    Lauriston.     By    A.    W. 

Wiston-tJlynn.      (E.  Saunders  &  Co.) 

When  a  bcok  comes  in  a  guise  so  gracious 
as  this  ;  when  it  opens  easily  and  flatly  ; 
when  printing  and  paper  arc  such  that  it 
is  a  pleasure  to  read  and  to  handle  ;  and 
when  there  is  a  margin  of  lavish  generosity, 
even  the  most  austere  of  critics  would 
Teel  his  task  ungracious  if  conscience 
compelled  him  to  find  fault.  But  in 
the  present  case  there  is  so  much  to 
praise  and  so  little  to  challenge  that  he 
can  enjoy  all  these  luxuries  at  his  ease. 
Moreover,  even  here  he  can  find  something 
at  which  to  cavil ;  for  the  portrait  of 
Law  which  forms  the  frontispiece  came 
away  from  its  place  at  the  first  opening 
of  the  book,  and  has  been  an  anxiety  ever 
since. 

The  career  of  John  Law  of  Lauriston, 
now  for  the  first  time  adequately  depicted, 
is  assuredly  one  of  the  most  extraordinary 
in  history,  at  any  rate  in  the  history  of 
finance.  The  young  adventurer,  with  his 
charms  of  person  and  address,  financial 
genius,  commanding  audacity,  and  san- 
guine temperament  (unhampered  by  any 
discernible  alloy  of  positive  scruple)  played 
upon  the  credulity  and  the  distress  of  a 
bankrupt  and  despairing  people  so  suc- 
cessfully that  he  virtually  controlled 
its  national  fortunes,  making  and  un- 
making ministers,  and  tossing  its  finances 
from  hand  to  hand  like  a  juggler  with 
his  balls.  He  even  made  it  believe  that 
it  was  at  the  very  height  (f  prosperity 
when  it  was  really  in  the  lowest  depths 
of  insolvency,  and  that  out  of  waste  paper 
he  had  created  illimitable  wealth.  It  is 
satisfactory  that  the  tribute  of  posterit\' 
to  such  a  career  has  come  at  last  from 
such  capable  hands.  Mr.  Wist  on -Glynn, 
indeed,  appears  to  have  been  so  cap- 
tured by  his  hero  that  he  sometimes 
is  over-generous  in  his  application  of 
Avhitewash  to  what  strikes  us  as  sheer 
dishonesty,  and  here  and  there  our  taste 
in  some  details  of  composition  differs  from 
his.  None  the  less  his  book  is  a  deeply 
interesting  record  of  an  amazing  episode, 
and  it  is  written  with  clearness,  sobriety, 
and  that  avoidance  of  unnecessary  detail 
which  comes  only  from  ripe  knowledge 
of  a  theme. 

We  have  one  word  of  warning  for  the 
reader  who  is  unskilled  in  the  technicalities 
of  finance.  Unless  he  can  walk  with 
fair  certainty  in  the  financial  jungle  of 
specie,  forced  currency,  paper  money, 
scrip,  face  values,  billets  d'etat,  and  the 
like,  we  counsel  diffidence  and  patience. 
There  is,  however,  in  this  strange  story, 
apart  from  technicalities,  a  wide  field 
of  human  interest  in  which  all  can  share, 
and  to  which,  therefore,  we  shall  confine 
the  reader's  attention. 

John  Law  was  born  of  a  banking  stock, 
his  father,  who  died  when  John  was  thir- 
teen, being  a  "  goldsmith  "  of  high  stand- 


ing and  importance  in  Edinburgh.    Care. 

fully  educated  under  his  mother's  can-, 
the  boy  displayed  remarkable  aptitude 
for  mathematics,  especially  as  bearing 
upon    financial   and  economic   problems. 

But  he  formed  a  strange  study  in  con- 
trasts.    By  the  time  he  was  twenty-one, 

I '.can  Law,  as  lie  was  named  by  the 
women  for  his  handsome  person,  engaging 
manners,  and  taste  for  gallantly,  baa 
made  his  way  to  London,  and  had  estab- 
lished his  reputation  as  a  roue  and  a 
gambler.  Within  three  years  he  had 
dissipated  a  handsome  fortune,  plunged 
himself  in  debt,  killed  his  man  in  a  duel 
about  a  woman,  escaped  from  prison 
and  trial  for  murder  to  St.  Germains, 
and  there  seduced  another  man's  wife. 
Obtaining  no  encouragement  at  the  exiled 
Court,  he  employed  the  next  three  or 
four  years  in  a  gambling  trip  through 
the  principal  cities  of  Europe.  Mr. 
Wisten-Glynn  thus  describes  it  : — 

"  Gambling  in  his  case  was  no  mere 
means  of  satisfying  an  uncontrollable 
passion.  He  did  not  conduct  it  pro- 
miscuously. He  based  his  speculations  upon 
a  system  which  he  had  developed  for  his 
own  guidance  after  the  most  careful  study 
of  the  laws  of  chance.  Although  success 
did  not  invariably  attend  his  play,  the 
balance  of  probability  was  so  frequently  in 
his  favour  that  he  was  not  only  able  to 
maintain  his  position  as  a  gentleman  of 
worth,  but  to  amass  a  considerable  fortune 
in  an  incredibly  short  period  of  time.  No 
doubt  the  cool,  calculating  Scotchman,  apart 
from  any  merit  his  system  of  play  may  have 
possessed,  was  more  likely  to  rise  from  the 
table  with  success  than  those  with  whom  he 
would  choose  to  gamble.  Not  only  would 
his  confidence  and  boldness  irritate  and 
excite  his  opponents,  but  the  reputation  his 
skill  had  acquired  for  him  would  be  in  itself 
a  disturbing  element  to  their  minds,  and 
render  them  unequal  to  his  superior  play." 

Upon  which  it  occurs  to  us  to  remark 
that  "  systems  "  are  fallible  ;  that  there 
is  such  a  thing  as  "  correcting  fortune  "  ; 
and  that  even  Barry  Lyndon,  who  under- 
stood that  art,  was  not  always  successful 
at  play.  But  while  money  was  Law's 
immediate  object,  there  is  no  dispute 
that  he  had  far  higher  ultimate  ambitions. 
Two  things  stand  out  clearly  in  Mr. 
Wiston-Glynn's  account  :  first,  that  Law 
had  already  conceived,  and  had  the  most 
intense  desire  to  apply  on  a  large  scale, 
economic  theories  far  in  advance  of  his 
time,  and  moreover  took  every  oppor- 
tunity of  equipping  himself  for  his  mission  ; 
and  next,  that  to  regard  him  as  emotionally 
or  consciously  solicitous  for  the  welfare 
of  humanity  is  absurd  :  there  was  no  more 
benevolence  towards  humanity  in  what 
he  ultimately  did  than  there  is  on  the 
part  of  an  enlightened  farmer  towards 
the  land  which  he  treats  with  a  new 
manure,  or  towards  the  flock  upon  which 
he  experiments  with  a  new  kind  of  food. 
There  is  not  a  sign  that  Law  ever  thought 
of  gratitude  or  affection  from  any  human 
being  ;  and  assuredly  he  never  received  it. 
In  1699  Law  returned  to  Scotland,  where, 
in  the  panic  which  followed  the  collapse 
of  the  Darien  scheme,  he  hoped  to  preach 
hi-!  gospel  with  success.  But  his  time 
was     not    yet ;      his     proposals     for     a 


Council  of  Trade  which  should  control 
the  national  treasury  and  direct  the 
national  revenue,  and  later,  in  1705, 
for  the  establishment  of  a  Land  Bank, 
with  power  to  issue  notes  to  landlords 

ired  upon  their  estate**,  and  havii 
forced    currency    at    their    face     value, 

wcii-  Successively  rejected  by  the  Scottish 
Parliament. 

In  pushing  these  proposals  I^aw  had 
expended  the  tribute  which  he  had  levied 
on  Europe,  and  was  forced  to  fill  his 
purse  again  by  exercising  his  skill  and 
his  "  system  "  upon  his  own  countrymen. 
This  career,  however,  was  cut  short  by  the 
passing  of  the  Act  of  Union,  which  rendered 
him  liable  to  arrest  on  the  old  murder 
charge,  which  was  still  being  pressed, 
as  if  he  were  in  England.  Consequently 
he  sailed  to  the  Hague,  and,  "  with  a 
keen  eye  to  the  weaknesses  of  a  people, 
introduced  the  Dutch  to  the  exciting 
possibilities  of  the  lottery  system,"  which 
was  taken  up  with  enthusiasm  until  the 
Grand  Pensionary,  "  being  also  a  nice 
calculator,"  discovered  that  Law  had 
secured  for  himself  about  200,000  guilders 
by  his  philanthropy.  Law  was  thereupon 
"  privately  advised  by  the  States  to  leave 
their  dominions."  So  for  six  more  years 
he  went  back  to  the  old  Barry  Lyndon 
trade,  with  entire  success,  and  "  quickly 
gained  a  notoriety  throughout  Europe 
as  a  player  of  remarkable  and  unvarying 
success  in  every  game  of  chance." 

"  He  seems  first  to  have  gone  to  Paris, 
which  afforded  a  rich  and  extensive  field  for 
gambling  operations,  and  his  good  fortune 
brought  around  him  a  cringing  crowd  of 
followers,  hoping  to  attract  to  themselves 
some  of  the  glamour  that  surrounded  the 
person  of  their  idol.  In  his  train  were  to 
be  found  the  flower  of  the  French  nobility. 
He  spent  his  time  in  the  houses  of  the  aris- 
tocracy of  the  day,  of  whom  he  was  at  all 
times  a  favoured  guest,  not  less  by  his 
skilful  play  than  by  his  pleasant,  affable 
manner  and  brilliant  conversation  and  wit. 
Faro  was  the  game  in  which  he  most  de- 
lighted, and  at  the  houses  of  Poisson, 
Duclos,  and  at  the  Hotel  de  Gesvres  he  held 
a  sort  of  faro  bank,  and  the  entree  to  these 
houses  was  considered  a  matter  of  the 
greatest  favour.  In  the  fashionable  crowd 
of  excited  gamesters  Law  was  the  only  one 
who  remained  absolutely  cool,  whatever  the 
fortunes  of  the  game." 

But,  favoured  guest  as  he  was,  he  was 
clearly  regarded  as  too  expensive  an 
acquisition  ;  and  he  was  served — this 
time  publicly — with  a  notice  to  leave 
Paris  within  twenty-four  hours,  since 
"  he  knew  how  to  play  too  well  at  the 
games  he  had  introduced." 

Once  more  he  went  on  tour.  His 
former  piowess  had  not  been  forgotten, 
and  this  time  his  journey  was  a  triumphal 
progress  from  city  to  city  like  that  of  a 
royal  personage,  rumour  preceding  him 
to  herald  his  coming.  "  He  was,"  Mr. 
Wiston-Glynn  tells  us,  "  no  common 
gambler."  Neither  was  Barry  Lyndon. 
"  He  was  an  accomplished  man  of  the 
world,  exquisitely  courteous,  and  with 
interests  that  rose  above  the  sordid 
pursuits  from  which  he  derived  his 
primary  prosperity."  Barry  Lyndcn  once 
more,     by     his     own     account.     Finally, 


No.  4187,  Jan.  25,  1908 


THE     ATHENiEUM 


97 


"  his  political  instincts  " — for  which,  by 
the  by,  we  have  searched  in  vain — "  were 
allowed  free  play,  and  by  close  observation 
he  acquired  the  amplest  knowledge  of 
the  industrial  and  economic  conditions 
of  the  various  countries  he  visited."  In 
fact,  as  a  Frenchman  would  put  it,  he 
was  a  gambler — not  to  say  a  suspected 
card-sharper — only  pour  patienter,  until 
he  could  appear  in  his  proper  part 
of  saviour  of  distressed  nations.  Of 
these  there  were  several,  and  France 
seemed  the  most  promising.  So  thither 
he  betook  himself  once  more,  after  six 
years'  absence,  only  to  be  baffled  again 
by  rinding  that  Louis  XIV.  declined  to 
accept  economic  salvation  at  the  hands 
of  a  heretic.  But  if  the  King  of  France 
would  not  be  saved,  perhaps  the  King 
of  Sardinia  might  be.  That  monarch, 
however,  advised  him  to  try  France 
again.  So  Law  returned  to  that  most 
distressful  country  in  1714,  and,  secure 
in  the  favour  of  the  Duke  of  Orleans 
(soon  to  be  Regent),  which  he  had  acquired 
in  his  earlier  visits,  of  the  Comptroller- 
General,  and  the  English  Ambassador, 
Lord  Stair,  waited  quietly  for  the  death 
of  the  old  King.  With  that  event  in 
the  following  year  Law's  hour  had  arrived. 
Barry  Lyndon  gave  place  to  the  heaven- 
born  financier  of  imperial  instincts  and 
scope. 

The  story  that  follows  is  of  the  ascend- 
ancy of  a  strong  man  with  ideas  and  with 
dynamic  persuasiveness,  an  ascendancy 
made  possible  by  the  bewilderment  of 
a  degraded  Court,  a  heartless  and  grasping 
noblesse,  and  an  unguided  and  impover- 
ished people — a  story  of  legitimate  fiscal 
enterprise  rapidly  yielding  to  a  speculative 
debauch,  and  then  deteriorating  into 
juggling,  thimblerigging,  and  lies  ;  of 
credulity,  exultation,  and  madness, 
quickly  followed  by  doubt,  fury,  and 
despair.  In  Mr.  Wistonn  -  Glyn's  telling 
of  it  there  is,  even  for  the  non-expert, 
not  a  dull  page,  from  the  formation  of 
Law's  bank  in  May,  1716,  to  the  day, 
four  years  later,  when,  amid  the  execra- 
tion of  a  nation,  he  barely  escaped  with 
his  life,  to  resume — but  with  broken  wits 
and  on  a  lower  plane — the  sordid  career 
of  former  days,  until  he  died  in  utter 
poverty  on  March  21st,  1729. 

It  is  impossible  to  follow  the  author 
through  the  amazing  record.  Some  of 
the  pictures  which  lighten  the  analysis 
of  the  fiscal  story — scenes  such  as  those 
of  the  mad  turmoil  at  the  Company's 
offices  in  the  Rue  Vivienne,  and  of  the 
welter  of  confusion  at  the  Exchange  in 
the  Rue  Quincampoix — might  have  been 
witnessed  on  a  smaller  scale  in  our  own 
little  "  flutter  "  of  the  South  Sea  Bubble. 
But  we  produced  nothing  quite  so 
humorous  as  our  countryman  Joseph 
(rage — one  of  the  305,000  foreigners 
who  are  said  to  have  invaded  Paris  to 
join  in  the  scramble — who  seriously  offered, 
first  to  the  King  of  Poland  and  then  to 
the  King  of  Sardinia,  three  millions 
from  the  enormous  fortune  he  had  gained 
by  speculation,  if  they  would  resign 
their  crowns  in  his  favour.  Still  more 
remarkable  was  the  way  in  which  social 


caste,  the  pride  of  the  most  exclusive 
noblesse  in  Europe,  sullenly  abased  itself 
before  the  claims  of  wealth.  Simple  mar- 
riages, indeed,  between  newly  enriched 
bourgeois  or  lackeys  and  the  daughters 
of  noble  families  were  rare  ;  but  a  com- 
promise was  arranged  : — 

"  Marriages  of  a  very  different  class  from 
these  were  brought  into  favour  amongst  this 
class  of  suitor  during  these  days  of  financial 
excitement.  These  were  known  as  marriages 
a  remere, — marriages  with  right  of  redemp- 
tion,— the  distinctive  feature  of  which  con- 
sisted in  the  right  of  the  noble  husband  to 
cancel  the  marriage  at  a  future  date.  Marais 
instances  the  case  of  the  Marquis  D'Oise, 
of  the  house  of  Villars-Brancas,  who  entered 
into  a  proposal  of  marriage  with  a  little  girl 
of  two  years  old,  daughter  of  Andre  the 
Mississippian.  The  betrothal  was  made 
with  the  consent  of  the  two  families.  The 
Marquis  was  to  have  an  annuity  of  20,000 
livres  until  the  marriage  took  place,  and 
even  in  case  it  never  took  place.  If  it  took 
place,  the  dowry  was  to  be  four  millions. 
Little  girls  would  no  longer  have  dolls,  but 
asked  for  '  Marquises  of  Oise  to  play  with.' 
This  marriage,  however,  did  not  take  place, 
the  pretext  for  its  cancellation  being  found 
in  the  subsequent  fall  of  Andre  on  the  col- 
lapse of  the  scheme.  The  marriage  of  the 
Count  D'Evreux  was  of  the  same  class.  His 
wife  was  a  young  girl  of  twelve,  daughter  of 
the  famous  Crozat.  The  Count  received  a 
sum  of  2,000,000  livres  on  the  marriage, 
but,  subsequently  gaining  enormous  profits 
on  successful  share  transactions,  repaid  the 
dowry  and  obtained  release  from  the  nuptial 
tie." 

The  following  picture  is  given  by  Lord 
Stair  of  the  state  to  which  Law  himself 
was  brought  by  the  knowledge  cf  the 
approaching  collapse  of  his  schemes, 
after  three  years  of  feverish  applica- 
tion : — 

"  To  make  matters  better,  Law's  head  is  so 
heated  that  he  does  not  sleep  at  night,  and 
he  has  formal  fits  of  phrenzy.  He  gets  out 
of  bed  almost  every  night  and  runs,  stark 
staring  mad,  about  the  room,  making  a 
terrible  noise ;  sometimes  singing  and 
dancing,  at  other  times  swearing  and  stamp- 
ing, quite  out  of  himself.  ..  .The  officer  of 
Law's  guard  was  the  first  that  came,  who 
found  Law  in  his  shirt,  who  had  set  two 
chairs  in  the  middle  of  the  room,  and  was 
dancing  round  them,  quite  out  of  his  wits." 

Another  arresting  passage  is  that 
which  describes  Law's  conversion  to  the 
Catholic  faith,  which  was  necessary  before 
he  could,  in  France,  hold  any  recognized 
official  position.  Conversion  indeed,  in 
any  real  sense  of  the  word,  there  was 
none,  for  Law  was  as  completely  non- 
religious  as  he  was  non-moral.  To  such 
a  man  nothing  which  appeared  necessary 
to  the  support  of  the  tottering  fabric 
could  give  a  moment's  pause  on  its  own 
merits.  But  there  was,  even  in  the 
prevailing  demoralization,  "  danger  of 
the  public  regarding  the  conversion  of 
Law  under  royal  auspices  in  the  light 
of  a  highly  scandalous  proceeding "  ; 
while  Law  himself  shrank  from  owning 
allegiance  to  a  Church  which  could  not 
approve  of  his  irregular  life  : — 

"  It  was  accordingly  necessary  to  have  a 
very  indulgent  converter,  one  who  would  not 
only  attest  sinceie  conversion,  but  would  at 
the  satno  time  refrain  from  interfering  with 
Law's  connubial  relations." 


How  all  this  was  duly  brought  about  by 
the  insistence  of  the  Regent,  the  finesse 
of  Cardinal  Dubois,  and  the  profuse 
bribery  of  the  two  priests  concerned, 
the  official  converter  and  the  priest  of 
Law's  parish  church,  should  be  studied 
in  Mr.  Wiston- Glynn's  pages.  They  make 
rare  reading,  and  we  are  glad  that  he  has 
left  the  story  as  it  stands  without  comment. 
One  of  the  chief  virtues  of  the  book 
is,  indeed,  the  absence  of  comment. 
When  Mr.  Wiston-Glynn  does  intervene, 
it  is,  as  we  have  said,  to  impress  upon 
us  that  Law's  views  were  sound  ;  that  in 
the  main  he  was,  as  to  private  gain, 
astonishingly  disinterested ;  and  that, 
had  he  been  left  to  himself,  had  he  not 
been  thwarted  by  the  ill-advised  meddling 
of  the  Regent  and  the  persistent  intrigues 
of  jealous  and  unprincipled  rivals,  he  would 
have  successfully  brought  order  out  of 
chaos,  and  national  prosperity  out  of 
the  very  extremity  of  distress.  We  are 
obliged  to  confess  that,  in  view  of 
Law's  earlier  life  ;  his  almost  invariable 
"  luck "  at  cards  ;  his  expulsion,  first 
from  Holland  and  then  from  France,  and 
the  reasons  for  such  drastic  treatment;  the 
barefaced  "  booming  "  of  the  Mississippi 
scheme,  described  on  p.  67  ;  and  many 
incidents  of  similar  import,  we  are  unable 
to  accept  our  author's  views  without  a 
good  deal  of  reserve,  and  indeed  without 
a  smile. 


NEW    NOVELS. 


Second    Selves.       By    Algernon    Gissing. 

(John  Long.) 
There  has  been  more  of  promise  than 
achievement  in  Mr.  Gissing's  work  so  far  ; 
but  this  story  cannot  be  said  to  contain 
much  of  either.  One  or  two  characters  in 
it  are  rather  striking,  after  their  fashion  ; 
but  none  of  them  is  convincing,  and  no 
single  incident  of  the  plot  impresses  one 
as  inevitable.  Two  young  Oxford  under- 
graduates are  introduced  in  rural  sur- 
roundings. One  is  a  good  fellow,  the 
author  tells  us — his  actions  merely  demon- 
strate his  foolishness — and  the  other  is  a 
thoroughpaced  blackguard  of  the  senti- 
mental type,  with  leanings  towards  crime. 
The  good  fellow  deliberately  saddles  him- 
self with  the  onus  of  the  other  man's 
crime,  because  he  admired  the  latter' s 
father ;  and  so  we  arrive  at  rather  tame 
complications.  Mr.  Gissing  can  do  better 
than  this,  or  we  have  been  deceived  in 
him. 

The    White    Wedding.     By   M.    P.    Shi  el. 

(Werner  Laurie.) 
There  is  a  touch  of  power  about  Mr. 
Shiel's  work  ;  but,  in  this  as  in  previous 
books  from  his  pen,  it  is  a  touch  utterly 
undisciplined,  unrestrained  to  the  verge  of 
riotousness.  He  presents  to  us  a  curious, 
crazy  girl,  anaemic,  but  passionate.  The 
scene  is  laid  in  the  west  of  England,  but  the 
atmosphere  is  reminiscent  rather  of  the 
remoter  parts  of  Ireland.  Mr.  Shiel  has  a 
remarkable  forccfulncss  and  imaginative 
vehemence,  if  he  would  but  seek  to 
master  his  undoubted  talent,  instead  of 
allowing   it  to   master  him.     A  strangely 


98 


T  ii  E    at  ii  i:\j-;  r  M 


No.  ii-:.  Jah.  25.  L908 


ill-written  ann<>uneement  0D  t  In-  cover  of 
tho  story  tells  us  thai   a  Stage   version   is 

being  prepared,  and,  lightly  handled,  the 
lunik   should    make  a  stirring  play.     A 

gamekeeper  (with  the  mind  of  a  cultured 
nobleman)  loves  a  woman  who  lias  oaught 
the  fancy  of  his  master.  The  master,  a 
soldier,  is  called  to  South  Africa,  and,  out 
of  his  lifelong  devotion,  the  servant 
swears  to  preserve  and  protect  the  girl  for 
his  employer.  The  method  forced  upon 
the  gamekeeper  is  that  of  marriage.  To 
prevent  the  contract  being  binding,  and 
preserve  their  common  heroine  for  his 
master,  the  gamekeeper  first  marries  an 
old  hag  in  London,  and  then  goes  through 
the  form  of  marriage  with  the  girl  he  really 
loves.    Then  come  exciting  complications. 


The    Sacred    Herb.       By   Fergus    Hume. 
(John  Long.) 

A  complicated  succession  of  incidental 
thrills,  with  a  suspicion  of  the  occult  in 
the  atmosphere,  is  our  impression  of  Mr. 
Hume's  latest  book.  Two  startling 
murders  (each  of  them  combined  with 
the  catalepsis  of  a  witness  on  whom  may 
fall  the  burden  of  suspicion)  provide  the 
problem  for  solution.  In  his  own  way 
the  author  has  seldom  done  better, 
but  the  style  of  the  book  leaves  much  to 
be  desired. 

The  Speculator.     By  Olive  Christian  Mal- 

very.  (Werner  Laurie.) 
There  is  no  lack  of  either  material  or 
sensation  in  this  volume,  abounding  as  it 
does  in  conspiracies,  assassinations,  and 
Stock  Exchange  manoeuvres  ;  but  the 
writing,  though  spirited  and  often  interest- 
ing, is  scarcely  of  the  kind  which  carries 
conviction.  We  never  entirely  believe  in 
the  disguised  heroine  and  her  marvellous 
achievements,  and  we  cannot  help  think- 
ing that  the  story  would  have  been  both 
more  successful  and  more  probable  had 
she  been  content  to  carry  on  her  financial 
operations  without  masquerading  as  a 
man,  even  though  this  would  have 
entailed  exclusion  from  the  sacred  pre- 
cincts of  the  "  House."  She  is  an  excel- 
lent person,  animated  throughout  by  the 
highest  motives,  yet  we  confess  that  her 
husband's  unsympathetic  attitude  seems 
to  us  not  altogether  surprising. 


The  Golden  Fleece.  By  Reginald  St.  Barbe. 
(Sisley.) 

This  is  a  story  of  the  type  which  is 
popular  as  a  serial ;  but  it  is  not  a 
striking  specimen  of  its  class,  and  fails  to 
hold  our  attention.  Its  hero  is  a  "  Copper 
King "  whose  riches  are  derived  from 
mines  in  Spain  ;  and  its  heroine  is  the 
daughter  of  a  choleric  English  squire  (an 
almost  intolerably  stupid  fellow),  whom 
the  hero  unsuccessfully  tries  to  preserve 
from  the  wiles  of  a  fraudulent  syndicate 
with  a  "  salted "  mine  for  sale.  The 
incidents  are  mildly  melodramatic,  and 
mostly  occur  in  the  neighbourhood  of 
Malaga  ;  but  there  is  no  real  flavour  of 
Spain  in  the  book. 


A  New  Cinderella.       By  Fred   Whishaw. 

(John  Long.) 

This  story  of  middle-class  life  in  the 
suburbs  is  graphic,  but  terribly  depressing. 
Jellibee,  the  City  clerk,  his  vulgar  wife 
and  more  vulgar  daughters,  the  young 
men  who  surround  them,  and  their  modes 
of  thought  and  speech  are  reproduced 
with  obvious  veracity.  The  character  of 
the  unselfish  sister  and  drudge  of  the 
family  is  a  wholesome  disinfectant,  but 
that  of  her  elderly  lover  redeems  the 
story,  which  ends  far  more  pleasantly 
than  it  begins.  The  criminal  experience 
of  Jellibee  in  a  bucket-shop  swindle  is  up 
to  date. 

Dr.   Burton's  Success.     By  A.  C.   Gunter. 

(Ward,  Lock  &  Co.) 
This  is  the  continuation  of  a  series  of 
detective  narratives  of  which  the  hero  is 
a  young  doctor  of  New  York.  The  book 
begins  with  a  discovery  and  a  pursuit 
involving  ample  ingenuity  and  excite- 
ment, and  all  the  exploits  of  the  amateur 
detective  are  very  readable,  though  hardly 
up  to  the  first  section.  The  author  has 
restrained  to  advantage  his  somewhat 
flamboyant  style,  which  reached  absurdity 
in  earlier  books. 


VERSE  OLD  AND  NEW. 

The  Prologue  to  the  Canterbury  Tales,  The 
Romaunt  of  the  Rose,  and  Minor  Poems.  By 
Geoffrey  Chaucer.  Done  into  English  by 
Prof.  Skeat.  (Chatto  &  Windus. )— Prof . 
Skeat's  performance  of  his  difficult — we 
might  say  hopeless — task  is  worthy  of  all 
praise.  We  can  never  look  for  anything 
approaching  a  really  faithful  rendering  of 
Chaucer  in  modern  verse,  for  changes  of 
pronunciation,  the  vanishing  of  final  e's, 
and  the  modification  of  other  endings — with 
their  consequent  havoc  in  rhyme  and  scan- 
sion— make  consistent  exactness  an  im- 
possibility ;  while  the  modernizer,  forced 
to  tinker  with  lines,  eliminate  some  words, 
change  the  position  of  others,  and  devise 
new  rhymes,  is  in  danger  of  obscuring — even 
destroying — the  personality  of  the  poet, 
which  is  one  of  the  principal  charms  of  such 
a  work  as  '  The  Prologue.'  Again,  the 
amount  of  innovation  entailed  by  a  com- 
pulsory departure  from  the  original  is 
not  easily  to  be  regulated  ;  and  as  we  are 
of  opinion  that  Chaucer,  early  as  his  name 
figures  on  the  roll  of  English  literature,  was 
yet  guided  by  some  sense  of  art,  conscious 
or  otherwise,  in  his  choice  and  arrangement 
of  words,  any  tampering  therewith  must 
tend  rather  to  mutilation  than  exposition. 
The  four  concluding  lines  of  the  description 
of  the  Parson  in  '  The  Prologue '  form  a 
striking  illustration  of  this  unavoidable 
drawback. 

In  the  original  text,  according  to  Prof. 
Skeat,  they  run  : — 

He  wayted  after  no  pompe  and  reverence, 
Ne  maked  him  a  spyced  conscience, 
But  Cristes  lore,  and  his  apostles  twelve. 
He  taught*,  and  first  he  folwed  it  himselve  ; 

while  in  his  modern  English  version  they 
become : — 

( Obsequious  honour  would  he  ne'er  expect, 

Nor  would  pretended  holiness  affeel  ; 

But  all  that  Christ  and  His  apostles  taught 

He  preached,  and  first  himself  their  lessons  wrought. 

In  the  main,  however,  Prof.  Skeat  has 
grappled  with  his  difficulties  to  some 
purpose,  and  does  succeed  now  and  again 
in  conveying  something  of  the  Chaucerian 


Savour,  as  in  the  following  lines  from   'The 

Prologue/  when-  tli.-  poet  makea  bii  apology 

for  the  ytnncH  to  follow  :  — 

Hut  fii-t  I  pntjf  vou,  of  your  OOSHrl 

'lh.it  never  ■hall  ye  laj  t)  ■  me, 

Although  I  speak  herein  with 
And  all  their  very  words  and  ways  en 
Oi  though  I  give  their  speeches  faithfully. 

For  tins  ft  needs  tiiii-t  Know  as  u,-i: 
Whoe'er  j.  :  ry  telling  man 

Must  needs  rehearse,  as  nigh  as  •■  r-r  i, 

All  words  alike  that  OOme  within  his  I  BSU 

Although  the  speaker's  «tyh 

Or  else  be  tells  the  tale  in  words  untrue, 

Or  feigns  the  thing,  or  sprits  in  phrases  new. 

Christ  plainly  ipafce  Him-i-lf  in  holy  writ  ; 
Vet,  well  ye  know,  no  homeliness  j.  it. 
Ami  Plato  saith— whoever  can  bin  read— 
"  The  words  should  aye  be  cousins  to  the  dead." 

The  difficulties  which  confront  the 
modernizer  in  '  The  Romaunt  of  the  Rose  ' 
and  the  minor  poems  are  similar  in  kind, 
particularly  in  the  case  of  the  latter,  where 
complications  of  metre  make  an  additional 
obstacle.  Yet,  speaking  generally,  we  con- 
sider that  Prof.  Skeat  lias  been  more  success- 
ful here  than  in  the  narrative  style  of  '  The 
Prologue  '  or  '  The  Romaunt  of  the  Rose '  ; 
his  rendering,  for  example,  of  the  poem  here 
called  '  Truth,'  but  better  known  as  the 
'  Balade  de  Bon  Conseyl ' — held  by  Ten 
Brink  to  be  the  poet's  last  work — is  remark- 
ably faithful  and  effective.  We  quote 
the  second  stanza  : — 

Essay  not  all  that's  crooked  to  redr. 
In  trust  on  her  that  tumeth  as  a  ball : 
Great  leisure  lies  in  little  business  ; 
And  eke  beware  to  kick  against  an  awl ; 
Strive  not  as  did  the  pitcher  with  the  wall. 
Subdue  thyself  who  blatuest  other's  deed  ; 
And  Truth  shall  work  deliverance  indeed. 

The  volume  is  furnished  with  an  Intro- 
duction dealing  with  each  of  the  poems 
selected,  and  there  are  notes,  brief,  but 
adequate  for  those  who  read  for  pleasure, 
of  whom  there  should  be  many.  Prof. 
Skeat  is  to  be  congratulated  on  a  most  able 
and  scholarly  attempt  to  achieve  the 
impossible. 

The  Posies.  By  George  Gascoigne.  Edited 
by  John  W.  Cunliffe.  (Cambridge,  Uni- 
versity Press.) — This,  the  first  of  the  two 
volumes  in  which  the  complete  works  of 
Gascoigne  are  to  be  added  to  the  "  Cam- 
bridge English  Classics,"  contains,  among 
lesser  tilings,  liis  comedy  '  Supposes  ' — 
based  on  '  Gli  Suppositi '  of  Ariosto,  and 
the  first  prose  humorous  play  in  our  lan- 
guage— together  with  the  tragedy  of 
'  Jocasta,'  drawn  from  Euripides  through 
Italian  channels.  To  the  serious  student 
of  literature  the  book  will  be  of  great 
value,  for  the  text  has  been  edited 
with  scrupulous  care  ;  while  to  modern 
readers  other  than  students  we  fancy  that 
the  wit  and  shrewdness  of  the  three  intro- 
ductory epistles  in  prose — '  To  the  Reverend 
Divines,'  '  To  al  Yong  Gentlemen,'  and 
'  To  the  Readers  Generally  ' — will  prove 
more  attractive  than  the  '  Lover's  Recan- 
tations '  and  kindred  plants  that  contribute 
so  largely  to  the  '  Flowers,'  '  Hearbes,'  and 
'  Weedes  '  wluch,  in  their  turn,  make  up  the 
'  Posies.'  '  Certayne  Notes  of  Instruction 
concerning  the  Making  of  Verse '  are  also 
included  ;  and  these,  in  addition  to  much 
other  wisdom,  instil  the  sage,  but  seldom 
followed  counsel  :  "  In  all  these  sortes  of 
verses,  when  soever  you  undertake  to 
write,  avoyde  prelixitie  and  tediousnesse." 

The  Appendix  with  which  the  volume 
is  furnished  deals  with  variant  readings  and 
the  like,  and  is  long  and  comprehensive. 

Minor  Poems.  By  Michael  Drayton. 
Edited  by  C.  Brett."  (Oxford,  Clarendon 
Press.) — This  admirable  edition  of  Drayton's 
lesser  works  is  highly  to  be  commended 
in  all  respects,  but  especially  for  Mr. 
Brett's  choice  of  poems,  which  includes 
virtually  all  the  sonnets  ;  the  ten  '  Nim- 
phalls,'   or   '  The  Muses'   Elizium,'   in   their 


No.  4187,  Jan.  25,  1908 


THE    ATHEN^UM 


99 


completeness  ;  and  the  songs  from  '  The 
Shepherd's  Garland.'  The  editor's  treat- 
ment of  the  text,  too,  is  most  welcome  in 
these  days  of  modernization  :  it  is  based 
on  the  original  editions,  ignoring  Drayton's 
subsequent  revisions  ;  and  the  old  spelling 
and,  as  far  as  possible,  the  old  punctuation 
have  been  retained,  with  great  advantage 
to  such  readers  as  desire  to  perceive 
something  of  the  man  behind  his  work — 
for  the  connexion  between  the  spelling  and 
the  spirit  of  an  old  author  is  undoubted, 
though  elusive.  In  addition,  the  volume 
contains  the  '  Odes '  and  the  '  Elegies,' 
the  ever-delightful  '  Nimphidia,'  and  '  The 
Shepherd's  Sirena  '  ;  while  there  are  short 
textual  notes  and  also  an  Appendix  of 
"  fugitive  pieces."  Mr.  Brett  has  provided 
an  adequate  Introduction — not  too  long — 
dealing  with  the  life  of  Drayton  and  kindred 
matters  ;  and  the  externals  of  the  book — 
its  binding,  paper,  and  type — are  delightful. 

Poems.  By  Mary  E.  Coleridge.  With 
Prefatory  Memoir  by  Henry  Newbolt. 
(ElkinMathews.) — The  moststriking  quality, 
to  our  mind,  in  these  poems  from  the  pen 
of  Mary  Coleridge,  is  the  mystical  vein  which 
runs  through  many  of  them — a  vein  distinc- 
tive, original,  and  impressive.  This  is 
evident  in  such  lyrics  as  '  Master  and  Guest,' 
1  At  Dead  of  Night,'  '  The  King's  Guard,' 
and  '  Unwelcome,'  the  last  named  of  which 
we  quote  as  indicating  both  the  power  and 
the  weakness  of  the  author  in  this  respect : — 

We  were  young,  we  were  merry,  we  were  very,  very  wise, 

And  the  door  stood  open  at  our  feast, 
When  there  passed  us  a  woman  with  the  West  in  her  eyes, 

And  a  man  with  his  back  to  the  East. 

Oh,  still  grew  the  hearts  that  were  beating  so  fast, 

The  loudest  voice  was  still. 
The  jest  died  away  on  our  lips  as  they  passed, 

And  the  rays  of  July  struck  chill. 

The  ruddy  cups  of  wine  turned  pale  on  the  board, 

The  white  bread  black  as  soot. 
The  hound  forgot  the  hand  of  her  lord, 

She  fell  down  at  his  foot. 

Let  me  lie,  let  me  lie,  where  the  dead  dog  lies, 

Ere  I  sit  me  down  again  at  a  feast 
Where  there  passes  a  woman  with  the  West  in  her  eyes, 

And  a  man  with  his  back  to  the  East. 

Here  the  metre  is  haunting,  and  the  eerie 
atmosphere  manifest  ;  but  to  the  ordinary- 
reader,  even  to  the  ordinary  reader  of  poetry, 
the  clue  will,  we  venture  to  think,  be  wanting. 
As  there  is  a  point  beyond  which  suggestion 
must  not  go,  if  it  is  to  remain  suggestion, 
so  also  there  is  a  point  to  which  it  must 
attain,  if  it  really  is  to  suggest  ;  and  in  this 
case,  and  some  others,  it  apj;>ears  to  us  that 
the  author  has  relied  overmuch  on  the 
reader's  sympathetic  interpretation  of  her 
words,  though  it  is  probable  that  a  more 
sustained  effort  would  have  eliminated 
this  weakness.  The  technique  of  the  poems 
is  generally  admirable,  and  even  the  slightest 
of  them  share  in  the  simplicity  and  sweetness 
of  expression  which  seem  to  have  been  Miss 
Coleridge's  poetical  heritage.  These  dis- 
tinctive qualities  are  well  illustrated  in  the 
poem  called  '  Evening,'  which  opens  thus  : — 

The  great  rain  is  over, 

The  little  rain  begun, 
Falling  from  the  higher  leaves, 

Hright  in  the  sun, 
Down  to  the  lower  leaves, 

One  drop  by  one  ; 

and  in  the  stanzas  on  '  Knowledge,'  where 
the  beauty  of  the  thought  owes  much  to  the 
naturalness  of  the  language  which  clothes 
it:— 

Let  weaker  souls  at  His  decree  repine  ! 

To  us  eternity  in  time  was  given. 
Whene'er  we  parted,  'twas  your  death  and  mine. 

Whene'er  we  met  again,  why  then  'twas  I l.-:i \ in. 

Now  let  the  tempest  rise,  the  fierce  wind  blow, 

And  shake  the  house  of  life  from  floor  to  rafter  ! 
Whichever  goes,  whichever  stays,  we  know 
Both  death  and  what  comes  after. 

In  so  large  a  collection  of  short  poems, 
it  is  scarcely  mattor  for  surpriso  that  there 
should  be  somo  which  would  have  been 
better  omitted,  yet  the  general  lovol  is  so 


high,  and  the  lapses  are  so  few,  as  to  make 
our  regret  poignant  that  the  author's  work 
is  finished. 

Both  in  the  dedication  of  Songs  of  Life 
and  Love  (Nutt),  and  in  the  concluding  lines 
called  '  Love's  Finale,'  Miss  May  Aldington 
seems  to  show  an  undue  consciousness  of 
the  gravity  of  the  message  which  she  has 
to  convey,  for  her  '  Songs,'  while  often, 
metrically,  commendable,  and  sometimes 
musical,  are  tricked  out  in  all  the  conven- 
tional trappings  of  the  minor  poet — love, 
flowers,  death,  cruel  seas,  moonlight,  and 
the  rest,  with  little,  so  far  as  we  can  see, 
to  suggest  originality,  whether  in  thought 
or  treatment.  There  is  a  woeful  inability 
to  discern  the  trite  in  the  following  lines 
from  '  The  Answer  '  : — 

Pulse  of  the  earth, 

Deep  throbbing  sea. 

What  do  you  mean  ?    Vast  mystery  ! 

and  in  the  concluding  verse  of  '  The  White 
Yacht '  :— 

Once  a  white  yacht  quivering  sank, 

White  foam  seething  o'er  it ; 
When  the  sea-gull  saw  the  wave, 

There  was  blood  upon  it. 

The  apology  for  a  rhyme  in  the  second  and 
fourth  lines  is  the  least  of  many  blemishes. 
Carelessness  is  perhaps  responsible  in  part 
for  this  and  many  similar  features  which 
render  the  book  painfully  amateurish.  For 
example,  "  dreams  "  is  made  to  rhyme  with 
"  gleans,"  and  "  Divine  "  with  "  sublime  "  ; 
while  in  the  first  stanza  of  '  I  wonder  '  the 
question  of  rhyme  has  been  completely 
ignored,  though  those  following  are  regular. 
Technique,  especially  when  unsupported 
by  the  power  of  individual  thought,  is  too 
lightly  neglected  by  those  who  aspire  to 
write  verse. 

Myths  about  Monarchs  (Eveleigh  Nash), 
drawn  for  the  most  part  from  Herodotus, 
and  set  forth  in  the  guise  of  light  verse, 
are  told  with  all  the  ease  and  apparently 
effortless  smoothness  which  are  the  technical 
essentials  for  writing  of  this  kind.  Mr. 
Hansard  Watt  handles  metre  with  great 
skill,  and  his  rhymes  are  generally  witty, 
and  always  neat  and  effective  without  being 
forced.  An  equally  important  quality  how- 
ever— sustained  humour  of  treatment — is 
not  so  evident.  For  example,  the  following 
story  opens  well  : — 

Let  us  sing  of  Rhamsinitus, 
Ancient  Egypt's  miser  king, 

For  his  story  will  delight  us 

(Which  is  mainly  why  we  sing) : 

Know  that  he  amassed  a  treasure 
Greater  far  than  he  could  count, 

Nor  could  any  process  measure 
The  amount ; 

but  it  tails  off,  as  the  end  draws  near,  into 
little  more  than  a  metrical  narrative,  relying 
for  effect  on  colloquial  language,  apt  rhymes, 
and  such  an  uninspired  vivacity  as  is  ex- 
emplified by  a  reference  to  The  Memphis 
Weekly  Times.  The  other  '  Myths '  are 
open  to  similar  criticism,  with  the  exception 
of  that  of  Polycrates,  where  Mr.  Watt,  eluding 
the  snares  of  his  own  facility,  has  produced 
a  delightfully  humorous  version  of  the  fish 
episode. 

The  title  The  Pilgrim's  Staff  (Duckworth) 
covers  an  altogether  delightful  anthology 
of  '  Poems  Divine  and  Moral,'  selected  and 
arranged  by  FitzRoy  Carrington,  and  rang- 
ing, in  point  of  time,  from  Spenser  to  Henley 
and  Robert  Louis  Stevenson.  Apart  from 
the  fact  that  no  room  has  been  found  for 
even  a  portion  of  Christopher  Smart's  '  Song 
to  David,'  the  selection  is  well  made  and 
comprehensive,  drawn  as  it  is  from — among 
many  others — Donne,  Wither,  and  Jeremy 
Taylor,  Milton,  Pope,  and  Addison,  tho 
Wesleys  and  Dr.  Watts  ;  and  in  the  moro 
modern  periods,  Montgomery,  Moore,  Heber, 
and  Christina  Rossetti  ;  wlule  it  should  prove 
of  special  interest  to  many  in  that  it  includes 


two  familiar  hymns — "  Jerusalem,  my  happy 
home,"  and  "Abide  with  me" — in  their 
original  forms.  The  archaic  style  of  printing 
lends  a  distinct  charm  to  the  volume. 


OUR    LIBRARY   TABLE. 

Twelve  pages  of  introduction  by  the 
translator,  a  portrait,  and  the  letters  con- 
tained between  pp.  439  and  485,  are  the 
only  valuable  parts  of  a  bulky  volume — 
Correspondance  de  Dostoievski,  traduit  du 
Russe  par  J.  W.  Bienstock  (Paris,  Societe 
du  Mercure  de  France).  The  translator  has 
done  his  work  with  industry  and  care, 
but,  in  spite  of  the  excellence  of  his  bio- 
graphical sketch,  we  are  totally  unable  to 
agree  in  the  final  note  : 

"  A  la  suite  de  cette  correspondance,  qui  decouvre 
au  lecteur  la  douloureuse  vie  de  Th.  Dostoievski, 
nous  donnons  en  Appendice  quelques  articles  et 
documents,  qui  completent  a  propos  la  si  interes- 
sante  correspondance  du  genial  ecrivain  russe." 
Dostoievski  was  not  "genial,"  and  his  letters, 
except  those  to  ladies,  beginning  in  1876,  are 
not  interesting.  "  Begging-letters  "  seldom 
are.  and  the  interminable  epistles  filling  420 
pages  of  this  volume  all  contain  the  demand 
for  money,  "  pour  1' amour  du  Christ," 
generally  addressed  to  men  at  least  as  poor 
as  the  writer. 

Dostoi'evski's  misfortunes  excuse  even  the 
weakness  of  character  in  middle  life  which 
let  him  gamble  away  the  funds  he  had  wrung 
from  his  starving  brother.  He  "  made  a 
good  end,"  for  the  last  five  or  ten  years  of 
his  life  were  honourable.  Brought  up  in  the 
Imperial  Engineering  School,  he  resigned 
his  place  after  a  year's  tenure,  became  a 
moderate  Socialist,  and  was  sentenced  to  be 
shot.  The  most  definite  charge  against  him 
was  that  of  having  laughed  at  the  censor- 
ship of  the  press,  with  which  he  had  come 
into  conflict  as  a  translator  of  French  novels. 
He  was  taken  to  the  execution  post,  dressed 
in  a  white  shirt,  made  to  kiss  the  crucifix, 
and,  after  his  sword  had  been  broken, 
informed  that  Nicholas  had  spared  his  life. 
Then  follow  "  the  fortress "  of  Peter  and 
Paul  (with  the  Bible  for  sole  companion), 
Siberia,  and  service  in  the  ranks.  Yet  the 
man  was  a  Russian  patriot,  a  Russian 
Churchman,  and  a  supporter  of  the  principle 
of  autocracy,  all  through  his  life. 

At  the  end  of  eighteen  months'  service 
Dostoievski  became  a  lieutenant  of  infantry. 
His  petition  to  Alexander  II.  shows  that  two 
years  later  "Votre  Majeste  daigna  m'ac- 
corder  le  droit  de  noblesse  hereditaire,"  and 
he  was  allowed  to  retire  from  the  army. 

Seven  years  then  passed  before  the  author 
began  to  produce  the  best  work  of  his  life. 
Even  after  he  had  published  '  Crime  et 
Chatiment,'  he  writes  from  Dresden  to 
explain  that  his  trousers  are  at  the  pawn- 
shop, and  adds  about  his  "  banker,"  who 
expects  him  to  telegraph,  when  he  is  unable 
to  find  the  cash  to  pay: — 
"  C'est  la  negligence  do  I'homme  qui  ne  veut  pas 
connaitro  la  situation  d'un  autre  homme.  Et  apres 
cela  ils  exigent  de  moi  de  l'art,  de  la  purete 
poetique,  sans  effort,  sans  delire,  et  ils  me  donnent 

Tourguenev, pourmodeles  !     Qu'ils  voientdonc 

dans  quelle  situation,  moi,  je  travaille  ! " 

Such  criticism  as  is  to  be  found  in  the 
letters  is  usually  affected  by  refusals  to  lend 
— or  to  continue  to  lend — money.  Some  of 
Dostoi'evski's  criticism  is  not  affected  by  this 
consideration,  but  is  not  of  value.  English 
writers  are  indiscriminately  praised ;  the 
French  lightly  dismissed,  as,  for  example. 
"Le  boufion  Eonaard."  Of  Tolstoy  and 
Tourgn6nief  he  writes :  "  Savez-vous,  tout 
cela  n'est  que  de  la  litterature  de  grands 
proprictaires." 

On  tho  other  hand,  the  latest  letters  arc 
excellent.   There  is  light  "chaff"  of  Russian 


1(1(1 


T  II  E    AT  II  E  N  M\J  M 


No.  U87.  .Ian.  25,  [90S 


" students  "  and  <>i  Etaesiaii  learned  ladiaia 
the  former  "  iout-ii-fait  eanaauoune  instrao- 

1 1<  iii.* '  uiiii  the  tatter  OOfnfMred  unfavourably 
with  their  "  boor  "  husbands:  "11  est  pos- 
sible que  08  suit  vous  qui  VOUfl  trouviez 
niurieure   n  lui,    et    lion   piLs    lui    inferieur   a 

Vi'lH." 

This  is  ii  fine  passage  on  the  revolutionary 
movement  i — 

"  Ou'arrivu-t-il !  Cette  parolo  de  verite  dent 
est  alter.  <•  la  ieuune,  ells  (a  oherche  Dien  suit  ou, 
(!;;ns  dea  endroits  extraordinairea,  mais  non  pas 
dans  lo  peuple,  dans  la  Torre  (et  elle  s'accordo 
enoora  one  ibifl  aveo  la  societe  pourrie  de  Russes 
enropeeoa  qui  l'a  inise  au  monde).  Alors,  a  la  tin, 
.i  tine  epoque  determinee,  ni  la  jeunesse,  ni  la 
sooiete  ne  connaissent  plus  le  peuple.  Au  lieu  de 
vivre  de  sa  vie,  les  jcunes  gens,  ne  le  connaissant 
pas,  et  dedaignant  au  contraire  profondement  ses 
liases,  telle  cpie  la  foi,  s'eh  vont  vers  le  peuple — 
non  pour  s'y  instruire,  mais  pour  l'enseigner, 
lenseigner  aveo  hauteur,  aveo  mepris,— amusement 
purement  aristocratique,  jeu  de  seigneur  !  '  Ces 
jeunes  messieurs,'  dit  le  peuple,  et  il  a  raison. 
C'est  etrauge :  partout  et  toujours,  dans  tout 
l'univers,  les  democrates  tiennent  pour  le  peuple  ; 
ehez  nous  seuls,  notre  democratisme  intelleetuel 
russe  s'unit  aux  aristocrates  contre  le  peuple  :  ils 
vont  au  peuple,  '  pour  lui  faire  du  bien '  et 
meprisent  ses  coutumes  et  ses  bases.  Le  mepris 
ne  conduit  pas  a  l'amour  ! " 

We  were  interested  in  the  use  of  the 
phrase  "les  nouvelles  couches"  in  1868. 
The  errors  in  the  book  are  few,  but  Dos- 
toi'evski  is  made  to  compare  himself  to 
"  Mister  Micowber  ":  "  Je  me  trouve  main- 
tenant  dans  une  situation  aff reuse  (Mister 
Micowber).  Pas  un  sou ;  et  cependant,  il 
faut  exister  jusqu'a  l'automne,  quand  j'aurai 
de  l'argent."  "  General  Sharngornst  "  is  a 
form  of  name  produced  by  the  vulgar 
Russian  substitution  of  g  for  h,  as  in 
"  Guppy  "  for  Hope,  and  in  the  use  of  the 
terms  "Gospice"  and  "  Gopital." 

More  Pages  from  the  Day-Booh  of  Bethia 
Hardacre  (Constable  &  Co.)  is  a  continuation 
of  the  scheme  we  praised  in  1895.  Mrs. 
Fuller  Maitland  gave  us  in  the  original 
book  a  lovesick  maiden  lagging  behind  her 
century  with  a  goodly  collection  of  old 
herbals.  The  present  volume  is  hardly 
so  successful.  It  is  not  free  from  gusli, 
and  it  has  too  much  borrowed  matter, 
which  is  but  ill  strung  together.  The  author 
does  not  lack  charm  of  style  on  occasion, 
but  permits  herself  some  slipshod  English. 
Further,  it  seems  to  us  a  little  surprising  that 
a  writer  with  a  delicate  taste  of  her  own 
should  always  be  referring  to  this  or  that 
editor  of  prose  and  poetry.  When  we  get 
a  book  of  impressions  in  admired  disorder, 
we  receive  it  as  the  presentation  of  a  per- 
sonality, the  revelation  of  an  Ego,  which 
borrows  little,  and  is  just  charming  because 
it  indulges  freely  in  wanderings  without  the 
help  of  a  correct,  but  possibly  pedantic, 
guide  and  schoolmaster.  We  have  too 
many  snippets  due  to  instructors  in  this 
volume.  But  perhaps  we  are  reviewing 
its  contents  with  too  high  a  standard  before 
us.  It  is  tolerably  certain  that  many 
readers  of  tbis  book  will  know  little  of 
William  Browne  or  Drayton,  or  the  origin 
and  habits  of  gipsies,  or  of  laureateships. 
The  tract  preserved  at  the  Bodleian,  '  Ob- 
servations on  Prince  Rupert's  White  Dog, 
called  Boy,'  is  certainly  a  good  discovery. 
There  are  some  pleasant  passages  on  the 
birds  of  the  poets.  As  for  the  robin,  he 
figures  so  largely,  we  imagine,  in  literature 
because  he  is ,.  fond  of  human  company 
himself.  He  observes  the  labours  of  the 
countryman. 

As  careful  robins  eye  the  delver's  toil, 
says  Tennyson.    There  is  a  naive  and  delight- 
ful reference  to  the  same  bird  gobbling   up 
spiders  in  the  second  part  of  'The  Pilgrim's 
I*rogress,'  interesting  as  an  early  reference  to 


that  cruelty  <>t  nature  which   bai  -m i«  1-  oed 
many  modern  obaeri  i 

Pontifical  Services.  Vol.  III.  With  De- 
scriptive Notes  by  F.  C.  Eeles.  (Longmans.) 
— The-  Alcuin  Club  printed  two  volumes  in 
1901  which  dealt  with  pontifical  services. 
The  present  volume  is  a  further  contribution 
to  the  study  of  the  very  wide  subject  of 
the  services  which  specially  belong  to  the 
bishop.  The  woodcuts  of  the  first  part  of 
the  Roman  Pontificals  printed  in  Venice  in 
1520  and  1572  are  reproduced,  with  brief 
explanatory  descriptions.  Each  incident 
portrayed  is  illustrated  by  two  pictures  of 
the  respective  dates  on  the  same  page 
It  is  of  particular  interest  to  note  the  change 
that  came  about  in  ecclesiastical  vestures 
and  many  accessories  during  the  half 
century  which  elapsed  between  the  issue 
of  these  two  Pontificals.  The  cuts,  which 
number  145,  are  quaint  ;  they  are  of  value  to 
students  of  costume  and  furniture  as  well 
as  to  liturgiologists.  Mr.  Eeles's  descriptive 
notes  are  for  the  most  part  terse  and 
accurate  ;  but  occasionally  there  is  a  slip, 
as  when  he  writes  "  a  bishop  with  a  pallium": 
surely  in  this  case  he  ought  to  have  written 
"  archbishop."  Every  possible  detail  of 
the  services  in  which  a  bishop  engages  is 
here  set  forth.  The  Pontifical  opens  with 
two  pictures  representing  confirmation. 
These  are  followed  by  representations  of 
the  various  incidents  relating  to  the  con- 
ferring of  orders,  such  as  the  tonsure  ;  the 
investing  with  surplice  ;  the  delivery  of 
keys  to  the  doorkeeper,  of  the  book  to 
readers  and  to  exorcists,  of  the  candle  to 
the  acolytes,  of  the  empty  chalice  and 
paten  to  the  sub-deacon,  and  of  the  gospel 
book  to  the  deacon  ;  and  the  laying  on  of 
hands  in  the  case  of  the  priest.  The 
consecration  of  a  bishop  gives  occasion  for  a 
large  variety  of  pictured  incidents  ;  and  the 
coronation  of  the  Pope  to  another  series, 
including  the  Pope's  coronation  dinner. 
The  last  incident  is  represented  in  the  1520 
Pontifical  after  a  rough  and  almost  grotesque 
manner.  Three  trestle  tables  are  spread 
for  dinner,  with  the  Pope  seated  by  himself 
in  cope  and  mitre  at  the  centre  one,  whilst 
bishops  in  mitres  are  seated  at  the  side 
tables.  In  the  foreground  two  small  dogs 
are  fighting.  Other  groups  represent  the 
incidents  pertaining  to  the  consecration  of 
an  abbot,  the  blessing  of  an  abbess,  and  the 
profession  of  nuns.  A  particularly  interest- 
ing series  deals  with  the  coronation  of  kings 
and  queens  ;  whilst  the  volume  concludes 
with  illustrations  of  the  blessing  of  a  new 
knight. 

Such  a  book  as  this  scarcely  requires  an 
index,  but  it  is  a  decided  mistake  not  to 
have  given  a  table  of  contents  at  the  begin- 
ning. 

There  is  room  for  the  handbook  The 
Factory  and  Shop  Acts  of  the  British 
Dominions  (Eyre  &  Spottiswoode).  Tbe 
compiler  is  Miss  Violet  R.  Markham,  one  of 
the  three  women  authors  who  gave  us  the 
best  tliree  statements  of  the  British  case  in 
our  relations  with  the  Boer  republics.  Mrs. 
H.  J.  Tennant,  author,  with  Arthur  Llewelyn 
Davies,  of  "  Abraham  and  Davies,"  writes 
the  preface ;  and  Dr.  Stephen  Bauer  and 
Mr.  Sanger  are  recorded  as  having  helped. 
These  stand  warrant  for  general  accuracy, 
secured,  indeed,  in  Miss  Markham 's  pages. 
The  difficulties  in  the  way  of  the  writers  are 
great.  It  is  not  easy  to  treat  the  labour 
laws  in  vacuo,  without  explanation  of  their 
history  or  their  results;  but  this  course  has 
— rightly,  we  think — been  followed.  The 
attempt  to  construct  a  treatise  for  the 
general  reader  would  present  still  graver 
inconvenience.  Yet  no  one  can  follow  the 
law  of  Truck  as  stated  on  pp.  27-8  without 


ivering   ■  contradiction  which  judicial 

di  oiekmi    alone    could    illustrate.      If    the*-;e 

were  given,  the  statement  would   be  long, 

and  the  variation  of  the  "  judge- mado-law  " 
would  bo  apparent.  It  would,  perliaps, 
have  been  best  to  refer  to  the  matter  as  n 
under  consideration  by  the  Lord  Advocate  s 
Select  Committee.  The  index  is  defective  in 
not  including  under  'Truck  '  such  references 
as  that  to  "  Deductions  "  on  p.  88. 

In  the  matter  of  the  creation  of  Wages 
Boards,  the  need  for  the  intervention  of 
Parliament  in  Victoria  appears  to  be  omitted, 
and  we  believe  tliat  Queensland  has  taken 
the  first  step  in  imitation  of  Victoria  and 
South  Australia,  though  the  absence  of 
mention  of  the  fact  is  probably  consistent 
with  the  bcheme  of  the  book.  All  these,  by 
the  way,  are  now  **  States"  not  "  Colonies." 
The  Labour  laws  of  New  Zealand  have  had 
their  historian  in  Mr.  W.  P.  Reeves,  and 
since  the  first  great  advance  of  1894  many 
volumes  have  dealt  with  New  Zealand  and 
New  South  Wales.  It  is  more  difficult  to  find 
a  comparison  of  the  Labour  laws  of  the  whole 
of  the  Australian  States,  and  this  Miss  Mark- 
ham gives  for  some  branches  of  the  subject 
— hardly  including  the  arbitration  laws,  but 
including,  as  we  have  seen,  the  rival  forms  of 
fixing  wage.  From  many  little  signs  we 
are  inclined  to  guess  that  the  index  is  not 
made  by  one  familiar  with  the  subjects 
treated,  and  it  should  receive  careful  revi- 
sion and  some  extension  at  the  hands  of 
Miss  Markham  herself  or  one  of  her  com- 
petent friends. 

The  Post  Office  Directory,  1908  (Kelly's 
Directories),  is  now  in  use,  our  copy  being 
admirably  bound  for  us  by  the  publishers. 
The  book  itself,  which  we  once  described  as 
an  "indispensable  mammoth,"  is  a  marvel 
both  in  its  contents,  and  in  the  wonderful 
organization  which  lies  behind  the  successful 
arrangement  and  exhibition  of  them.  Facing 
the  title-page  is  an  admirable  linen  map, 
which  may  be  purchased  separately.  We 
have  carefully  tested  the  various  directories 
— two  of  special  merit  are  concerned  with 
law  and  Parliament — and  found  them  in 
every  case  laudably  accurate. 

Willing' s  Press  Guide,  1908.  (Willing.)— 
This  work  is  carefully  compiled,  as  usual, 
and  the  classified  list  of  publications  adds 
much  to  its  value  ;  there  is  also  a  separate 
list,  arranged  chronologically,  of  existing 
newspapers  and  periodicals  which  date  from 
the  seventeenth  and  eighteenth  centuries. 
Of  couise  The  Oxford  Gazette  (London  Gazette) 
comes  first  (1665).  A  second  list  gives 
titular  changes,  so  that  the  history  of  a 
journal  can  be  easily  traced ;  for  instance, 
the  Daily  Universal  Register  of  1 785  became 
the  Times  of  1788. 


NOTES    FROM    PARIS. 

When  I  announced  the  three  new  books  by 
Anatole  France,  I  gave  as  the  dateof  publica- 
tion of  the  '  Pingouins ' — anglice  penguins 
— the  middle  of  February,  and  of  '  Les 
Contes  de  Jacques  Tournebroche  '  the  end 
of  March.  The  publishers,  Messrs.  Caiman n- 
Levy,  informed  me  yesterday  that  they  will 
not  be  able  to  realize  the  wishes  of  the 
author  so  quickly.  They  hope  to  bring  out 
the  Penguins  in  May  and  '  Les  Contes  de 
Jacques  Tournebroche '  somewhat  later. 
Oidy  the  two  volumes  of  'Jeanne  d'Arc' 
will  appear  at  an  early  date.  But  I  will 
delay  no  longer  the  first  account  of  the 
adventures  of  the  Penguins,  as  Anatole 
France  has  related  them  to  me. 

The  legend  of  these  symbolical  birds  goes 
back  as  far  as  the  zoological  Genesis  of 
Creation.     In   a  lonely  island    called  Alca, 


No.  4187,  Jan.  25,  1908 


THE     ATHENAEUM 


101 


the  Penguins  in  all  their  innocence  lived  as 
happily  as  Adam  and  Eve  in  the  Garden  of 
Eden.  Their  souls  were  simple,  and  they 
went  without  clothes,  thinking  no  evil.  A 
day  came  when  they  were  baptized  and  trans- 
formed into  men.  From  that  time  date  all 
their  troubles.  The  holy  man  who  had  the 
unfortunate  idea  of  making  this  meta- 
morphosis was  not  long  in  repenting  of  it. 
Soon  after  having  given  them,  by  baptism, 
the  knowledge  of  good  and  evil,  he  went 
with  one  of  his  disciples  to  the  sea-shore, 
where  the  Penguins  were  always  to  be  found. 
There  the  couples  of  Penguins  united  by 
mutual  sympathy  and  attraction,  ate,  drank, 
and  indulged  in  their  natural  occupations. 
The  most  beautiful  females  were  surrounded 
by  their  lovers,  who,  however,  paid  little 
attention  to  their  unveiled  beauty.  Scan- 
dalized at  the  sight  of  this  spectacle,  the 
holy  man  set  his  mind  on  initiating  them 
into  decency,  and  teaching  them  the  art  of 
dressing  themselves.  But  the  disciple 
stopped  him  at  the  moment  when  he  was 
about  to  choose  from  a  heap  of  skins  and 
pieces  of  stuff  what  would  be  becoming  to 
the  females.  "  Why  should  you  give  clothes 
to  Penguins?"  said  he.  "It  will  be  only 
the  beginning  of  pride  and  vanity  for  them, 
and  they  will  never  be  anything  but  animals, 
after  all.  In  the  hypocrisy  of  their  adornment 
you  will  give  the  females  a  formidable  weapon 
and  I  predict  great  misery  therefrom." 
In  order  to  prove  his  words,  the  disciple 
walked  towards  the  sea,  looking  for 
the  plainest  female  that  he  could  find. 
Beckoning  to  her  to  follow  him,  he  led 
her  to  the  holy  man  and  set  himself 
to  the  task  of  teaching  her  the  essential 
elements  of  a  coquetry  which  repairs  the 
faults  and  freaks  of  nature.  Quickly  in- 
terested, she  soon  learnt  how  to  draw  in  her 
waist  and  hide  her  imperfections  under  the 
graceful  and  harmonious  folds  of  a  pink 
"  peplum."  As  it  was  too  long,  and  hindered 
her  free  movements,  she  raised  it  elegantly 
with  one  hand. 

"  Already !  "  sighed  the  holy  man. 

Coiling  her  hair  on  the  nape  of  her  neck, 
she  put  on  a  charming  hat  covered  with 
flowers,  and,  thus  adorned,  walked  down 
to  the  sea.  At  the  sight  of  her  pink  and 
flowing  veil — evidently  hiding  marvels  from 
their  view — the  Penguins  uttered  a  clamorous 
sound.  Nevertheless  the  dressed-up  young 
girl  continued  on  her  way  without  deigning 
to  look  in  their  direction.  Leaving  their 
beautiful,  but  unclothed  ladies,  they  all 
rushed  tumultuously  after  her,  and  the 
disciple,  caught  in  his  own  trap,  followed 
suit.  In  spite  of  this  convincing  proof,  the 
holy  man,  who  was  not  very  worldly-wise, 
pursued  his  first  design,  and,  thanks  to  him, 
both  sexes  of  the  Penguins  learnt  the  evils 
that  "pudeur"  engenders.  They  organized 
themselves  into  Society,  and  experienced  all 
the  tribulations  to  which  humanity  is  heir. 

As  Anatole  France  wishes  to  reserve  for 
his  readers  the  surprise  of  learning  by  what 
stages  the  Penguins  passed  from  their 
Biblical  purity  to  modern  corruption,  I 
do  not  like  to  anticipate  the  charm  of 
discovery.  But  I  had  personal  satisfaction 
in  ascertaining  from  the  recital  of  the  story 
of  the  Penguins  that  the  malicious  ironist  was 
once  more  playing  fon  the  credulity  of  the 
French  peoplo  in  his  last  book,  '  Sur  la 
Pierre  blanche.'  He  seemed,  indeed,  really 
to  believe  in  the  happiness  that  Socialists 
promise  us  in  their  dreams  of  future  society. 
This  new  work  will  show  them  that  it  is 
not  so,  inasmuch  as  it  is  difficult  for  Anatole 
France  to  believe  in  anything  at  all.  With 
the  final  evolution  of  these  birds  transformed 
into  men,  and  brought  up  to  the  golden  age 
of  "collectivism,"  the  author  shows  how 
this  stage  wearies  the  Penguins  of  human 


life.  They  wish  to  disappear !  A  mixture 
of  explosive  gas,  born  of  radium,  blows  up 
Alca,  and  brings  them  their  hoped-for 
liberation. 

The  '  Contes  de  Jacques  Tournebroche  ' 
are  conceived  in  the  finest  spirit  of  "  Vieille 
France."  They  are  a  series  of  light 
anecdotes  taken  from  legend  and  from 
history  between  the  twelfth  and  eighteenth 
centuries.  These  are  presented  in  that 
exquisite  form  which  is  the  secret  of  Anatole 
France.  They  will  be  found  in  a  pretty 
volume  illustrated  by  Lebegue  in  the  style 
of  an  old  missal.  Already  I  am  able  to 
give  you  some  of  the  titles  of  these  witty 
stories,  in  which  the  author's  indulgent 
philosophy  savours  of  Lafontaine.  The 
first  of  these  tales  '  Le  Gab  d' Olivier,' 
relates  a  visit  of  the  Emperor  of  the  West — 
Charlemagne — to  the  Emperor  of  the  East. 
After  a  sumptuous  banquet,  when  Charle- 
magne's twelve  "  pairs  "  had  partaken  too 
freely  of  the  libations  offered  them  at 
Constantinople,  they  amused  themselves  by 
making  fantastic  wagers,  called  "  gab  "  in 
old  French.  That  of  Olivier,  of  amorous 
fancy,  surpassed  all  in  audacity.  Obliged, 
under  penalty  of  death,  to  keep  to  his 
wager  by  the  Eastern  Emperor,  Olivier 
accepted  the  challenge  and  triumphed,  after 
having  married  the  daughter  of  the  master 
of  Constantinople.  The  story  is  perhaps 
unsuitable  to  your  British  tastes.  I  shall 
not  relate  in  detail  '  Le  Miracle  de  la  Pie,' 
•  Frere  Jolande,'  '  La  Picarde,'  '  La 
Poitevine,'  or  '  La  Lecon  bien  apprise,' 
where  we  assist  at  the  gallant  conversion  of 
a  great  lady  in  the  time  of  Louis  XL  Of 
chaste  habits,  this  amiable  and  coquettish 
person  charges  a  pilgrim  on  his  way  to 
Jerusalem  to  bring  back  a  mirror.  On  his 
return  the  pious  man  offers  her  a  death's 
head.  By  this  lesson  the  lady  is  so 
impressed  that  she  decides  to  profit  more 
joyfully  by  her  youth  and  beauty.  The 
volume  will  include  also  '  Le  Pate  des 
Langues,'  '  Les  Etrennes  de 
Roncine,'  and  «  Mile.  Roxane.' 

At  the  end  of  these  delightful 
Anatole  France  ought  to  write 
conclusion  dear  to  the  ancient  French  story- 
tellers :  "  Puissent  mes  lecteurs  prendre  a  la 
lecture  de  ces  contes  le  plaisir  que  j'ai  eu  a 
les  ecrire."  C.  G. 


Mile,     de 

little  tales 
the    usual 


THE  AIM  IN  CLASSICAL  TEACHING. 
ii. 
I'now  turn  from  the  German  to  the  English 
aim.  This  is  nowhere  clearly  defined, 
though  we  may  infer  it  from  the  traditional 
system,  and  from  statements  issued  by  the 
Board  of  Education  and  the  Curricula 
Committee  of  the  Classical  Association. 
The  traditional  system  postulates  that  the 
making  of  the  fine  scholar  is  the  aim,  and 
that  the  acquisition  of  knowledge  and  ideas 
should  be  as  much  a  by-product  as  scholar- 
ship is  in  the  German  system.  This  esti- 
mate of  the  relative  importance  of  subjects 
seems  to  be  the  principle  of  the  Board  of 
Education  circular  (574),  which  represents 
the  aim  of  Latin  instruction  to  be  (i.)  a 
careful  and  thorough  knowledge  of  the 
structure  of  the  language,  (ii.)  acquaintance 
with  some  of  the  most  important  authors 
of  the  classical  period,  and  (iii.)  as  much 
knowledge  as  can  be  obtained  of  the  history 
and  life  of  Rome.  Any  one  end  to  which 
these  three  are  subservient  is  not  stated, 
although  apparently  it  would  be  a  fair 
inference  that  tho  reading  of  authors  is  the 
aim,  and  that  knowledgo  of  Roman  history 
and  life  is  regarded  as  a  possible  extra.  (It 
is  true  that  the  course  here  dealt  with 
closes  at  about  seventeen,  but  that  makes 


no  difference  to  the  general  drift  of  our  argu- 
ment.)    The   Curricula   Committee's    report 
seems  to  be  groping  its  way  towards  the 
German     ideal.     The     substance     of     their 
statement    of    aim    is :     (i.)    the    study    of 
grammar  and  composition  (the  latter  of  the 
utmost     importance     as     developing     clear 
thinking,   and  giving  the  necessary  insight 
into    the    meaning    of    classical      authors) 
as  a  linguistic  and  logical  discipline,  and  as 
a  means  to  intelligent  reading  of  authors  ; 
(ii.)   the   study   of   an   attractive   literature 
capable   of  training  taste,   developing   cha- 
racter, and  awakening  intellectual  ambitions. 
In  (ii.)  the  English  and  German  aims  are 
virtually  at  one.     But  this  is  in  the  nature 
of    a   pious  aspiration  on   the  part  of  the 
Committee,    as   is   shown  by  the  sentence  : 
"  It  is  too  common  even  at  the  present  day 
for  teachers  to  set  up  a  mechanical  concep- 
tion of  Latin  as  a  merely  formal  gymnastic." 
Possibly    the    members    of    the    Committee 
hardly    realize    how    deplorably    common  ! 
But  the  essential  difference  between  English 
and   German   classical   training   is   revealed 
in    the    English    insistence    in    (i.)    on    the 
"  utmost  importance  "  of  composition,  which 
in  its  turn  necessarily  affects  (ii.),  and  tends 
to  throw  the  stress  on  the  training  of  literary 
taste,    to    the    comparative    neglect    of    the 
broadening    of    the    mental    horizon.     This 
insistence  on  the  importance  of  composition 
undoubtedly  tends  to  make  classical  authors 
largely    hunting-grounds    for    phrases    and 
idioms  which  will  be  useful  in  composition, 
and,  though  this  exercise  is  by  no  means  in 
itself    useless,    it    is   possible   that   it    does 
largely  divert  attention    from    an    author's 
content.     Moreover,   it   is   a   serious   defect 
that  as  there    are    four    kinds    of    classical 
composition  (prose  and  verse  in  both  Greek 
and  Latin)  being  studied  at  one  time,  there 
is  a  natural  tendency  to  have  simultaneously 
read   authors   which   may   serve   as  models 
for   each   form    of   composition  ;     and   con- 
sequently    any     ordered    sequence     or     co- 
ordination   of    books    read    becomes    very 
difficult,  if  not  impossible.     "  Completeness 
or    unity  in    what    is    read "    is    an    ideal 
too   foreign   to   English   classical   curricula. 
A    fifth-form    master    wishing    to    see    how 
much  Virgil  his  form  has  read  will  get  an 
answer  like  the  following  :    "  About  250  lines 
of  '  yEneid,'  Book  I.,  a  half  of  Book  V.,  and 
thewhole  of  Book  IX."  Where  such  an  answer 
is  given,  it  is  more  than  doubtful  whether 
any  idea  of  the  '  iEneid  '  as  a  whole  will  ever 
be  a  part  of  the  pupils'  mental  property  or 
inspiration.     It  is  obvious  that  these  pupils 
will  not  have  been  trained  in  discriminating 
between   the   essential   and   tho   unessential 
in  the  argument  of  the  '  ^Eneid,'  though  in 
their    verse    composition    they    may    have 
acquired  "  somo  subtle  but  rather  indefin- 
able sense  of  rhythm  and  sensibility  of  taste." 
The  acquisition,  however,  probably  applies 
only  to  the  few,  tho  loss  to  the  many.     Mr. 
Fletcher  sums  up  his  views  by  saying  : — 

"  We  aim  at  what  I  may  call  the  constructive 
side  of  scholarship— not  merely  at  the  knowledge 
of  a  certain  number  of  classical  books  or  classical 

facts.     Greek  and  Latin  composition as  well  as 

literary  translation  with  considerable  attention  'to 

style,  are  important  parts  of  our  curriculum To 

an  English  mind,  the  knowledge  required  [in  Ger- 
many] seems  sometimes  unimportant,  and  I  formed 
the  impression  that  classics,  as  taught  in  England, 

develop  more  faculties  than  the  German  system 

I  do  not  think  that  '  knowledge  '  in  this  instance 
should  be  regarded  as  involving  also  'grasp'  and 
power  to  use  the  knowledge  acquired.     It  is  <li1h 
cult  to  judge  whether  it  brings  appreciation." 

On  the  whole,  Mr.  Fletcher  seems  to  find  the 
balance  in  favour  of  England,  mainly  because 
of  a  thought  which  Beams  to  lie  behind  Mr. 
Paton's  warning  expressions,  "  Mere  absorp- 
tion is  not  mental  discipline  ;     ]Viss<  n  must 


].,._> 


T  II  E    AT  II  EN2EUM 


X<     41S7,  Jan.   j:>.  I'.m.* 


bo  oonverted  int'>  Written."  it  ihould  be 
remembered,    however,    that    in     Germany 

the    grammar    <lrill    and    composition    (ho  fur 
it     goes)     aro     confessedly    successful     in 

producing  accuracy  and  nip  in  (he  reading 

of  classical  authors.  Moreover,  if  "the 
knowledge  required  seems  sometimes  un- 
important," it  is  fair  to  suppose  that  German 
ten,  hers  regard  such  knowledge  only  as  a 
feet  whether  pupils  have  properly  appre- 
ciated connexion  of  thought.  Knowledge 
of  Ciesar's  tactics  in  a  given  battle  is  not 
likely  to  he  of  direct  use  to  its  possessor  ; 
but  no  more  is  knowledge  of  the  quantities 
of  final  vowels  in  Latin  prosody. 

From  this  comparison  and  contrast  of  the 
German  and  English  systems  of  classical 
education,  so  far  as  aim  is  concerned,  it 
seems  that  we  in  England  need  to  broaden 
our  training,  with  a  view  to  acquiring, 
through  more  knowledge  of  facts  and  content, 
and  closer  attention  to  logical  sequence,  a 
wider  culture  based  on  ideas  and  imagina- 
tion, rather  than  on  a  delicate  balance  of 
thought  and  expression.  Within  the  limits 
we  set  ourselves  in  this  article,  our  classical 
training  errs  on  the  side  of  excess  of  lin- 
guistic training,  and  the  obvious  remedy 
would  appear  to  be  the  lightening  of  the 
composition  load  of  the  fifth-  and  sixth-form 
boy.  It  seems  to  us  undeniable  that  at 
present  the  average  classically-trained  boy 
is  so  let  and  hindered  by  the  linguistic  side 
of  his  work  that  he  assimilates  ridiculously 
little  of  the  Grseco-Roman  culture,  and 
that  such  assimilation  must  come  more 
easily  to  the  Frankfort  boy.  The  highest 
ideals  of  classical  instruction  in  the  two 
countries  approach,  as  we  have  said,  very 
near  each  other ;  but  in  practice  there 
is  considerable  difference.  While  to  us 
aesthetic  and  linguistic  points  are  essential, 
and  the  handling  of  ideas  subsidiary,  the 
Germans  regard  familiarity  with  and  the 
handling  of  ideas  as  essential,  and  aesthetic 
and  linguistic  points  as  subsidiary.  The 
result  is  that  our  culture  product  is  of  a  less 
comprehensive  and,  pace  Mr.  Fletcher,  "  con- 
structive "  type.  The  construction  which 
deals  with  ideas  is  more  inspiring  than  that 
which  deals  with  words.  It  is  ideas  that 
fertilize  the  mind,  and  the  culture  which 
results  is  more  valuable  than  that  of  "scholar- 
ship," however  fine. 


'  SHAKESPEARE'S      WARWICKSHIRE 
CONTEMPORARIES.' 

Mrs.  Stopes's  interesting  note  of  last 
week  contains  suggestions  of  further  work 
which  are  very  welcome,  but  does  not  add 
anything  to  our  knowledge  at  present. 
What  is  meant  by  her  allusion  to  a  '  Life ' 
of  Sir  Thomas  Lucy  I  do  not  know ;  and 
the  identification  with  Justice  Shallow  has 
been  so  admirably  put,  quite  recently,  by 
Canon  Beeching  that  there  is  no  need  to 
argue  the  question  again  ;  nor  is  there  need 
to  remind  Shakspearean  students  of  Mr. 
J.  W.  Gray's  admirable  book.  No  associa- 
tion of  Shakspeare  with  the  University 
of  Oxford  has  (so  far  as  I  know)  yet  been 
suggested,  but  a  link  of  connection  between 
him  and  one  of  the  colleges  is  not  haH  to 
find,  and  will,  no  doubt,  be  further  pur- 
sued before  long.  Your  Reviewer. 


THE  HISTORY  OF  THE  INDIAN 
MUTINY. 

In  the  bibliography  of  the  recently 
published  volume  of  '  The  Political  Historj' 
of  England '  my  *  History  of  the  Indian 
Mutiny'  is  said  to  be  "based  upon  Kaye 
and  Malle3on."     I  have  a  right  to  ask    on 


what  evidence  Messrs.  Sidney  Low  nnd 
Lloyd    Sunders,    who    prcsumahly    OOmpfled 

the    bibliography,    baaed   tin-    deeoiiption, 

which  (although  they  add  that  "  the  writer 
consulted  sonic  authorities  not  available 
when  his  predecessors  wrote")  would  lead 
any  one  who  had  not  read  my  book  to 
suppose  that  it  was  an  epitome,  standing  in 
the  same  relation  to  the  works  of  Kaye  and 
Malleson  as  the  '  Student's  Gibbon  '  to  the 
*  Decline  and  Fall.'  It  may  perhaps  be 
assumed  that  Messrs.  Low  and  Sanders  have 
read  the  'History  of  our  own  Times'  and 
the  '  History  of  Modern  England  ' ;  but  I 
should  be  impertinent,  and  probably  unjust, 
if  I  inferred  that  the  latest  volume 
of  '  The  Political  History  of  England ' 
was  "  based  upon  McCarthy  and 
Paul."  The  nature  of  my  obligations  to 
Kaye  and  Malleson  is  stated  precisely  in  the 
preface  to  the  first  edition,  reprinted  in  the 
fifth  edition  of  1898  and  in  the  reissue  of 
that  edition,  which  should  be  compared  with 
a  note  on  p.  ix:  the  evidence,  printed  and 
manuscript,  on  which  my  book  is  based  is 
indicated  in  Appendix  V.  and  in  the  foot- 
notes. If  the  description  which  Messrs. 
Low  and  Sanders  have  given  of  my  book 
were  adequate,  it  is  unlikely  that  it  would 
have  been  mentioned,  alone  among  all  the 
books  on  the  Indian  Mutiny  which  had 
appeared  up  to  1887,  in  Dr.  Richard 
Garnett's  survey  of  the  literature  of  the 
Victorian  Age.  In  March,  1884,  Col.  Malle- 
son, under  the  pseudonym  of  "  Morgan 
Fenwolf,"  contributed  a  long  review  of  my 
book  to  The  Army  and  Navy  Magazine.  It 
was  not  until  later  that  I  discovered  the 
identity  of  the  reviewer,  whom  I  had  only 
once  met.  Messrs.  Low  and  Sanders  will  admit 
that  Col.  Malleson  was  likely  to  discover 
whether  my  book  could  be  fairly  described 
as  "  based "  upon  his  own.  His  judgment 
was  that  "  in  every  page  there  is  abundant 
proof  that  Mr.  Holmes  has  gone  to  original 
sources  for  his  information."  The  revision 
of  1898  was  based  upon  a  year's  additional 
work,  the  sources  of  which  are  pointed  out 
in  the  preface  to  the  fifth  edition  and  in 
Appendix  V.  T.  Rice  Holmes. 


LIST  OF  NEW  BOOKS. 

ENGLISH. 

Theology. 
Adams  (Rev.  J.),  Sennons  in   Syntax  ;  or,  Studies  in  the 

Hebrew   Text,    4/6   net.    A    book   for   preachers  and 

students. 
Adderley  (Hon.  and  Rev.  J.),  The  Catholicism  of  the  Church 

of  England,  2/6  net. 
Cole  (Rev.  F.  G.),  Mother  of  all  Churches,  3/6  net,     A  hand- 

book  of  the  Holy  Eastern  Orthodox    Church,   with  5 

illustrations. 
Dowdall  (Rev.  L.  D.),  Pithy  Thoughts  for  Pulpit  Teaching, 

2/6  net.     Selected  from  old  divines  and  other  writers. 
Manning  (W.),  Some  Elements  of  Religion,  3/ net. 
Metropolitan  Tabernacle  Pulpit,  1907,  5/  net. 
Mylne  (Bishop),  Missions  to  Hindus,  3/6  net.    A  contribution 

to  the  study  of  missionary  methods. 
Salmon  (Provost),  Episcopacy,  and  other  Sermons,  6d.   New 

Edition. 
Scannell  (T.  B.),  The  Priest's  Studies,  3/6  net.    In  the  West- 
minster Library. 
Thorn  (J.   H.),   A  Spiritual  Life,   2/  net.    Sennons.    New 

Edition. 

Law. 
Markham  (V.  R.),  The  Factory  and  Shop  Acts  of  the  British 

Dominions,  2/6  net.    See  p.  100. 

F-ir*e  Art  and  Archaeology. 
American  Journal  of  Archaeology,  October-December,  1907. 
American  Journal  of  Archaeology,  Annual  Reports,  1906-7. 

Supplement  to  Vol.  XL 
Burnett  (C.  P.  A.) — A  Ritual  and  Ceremonial  Commentary 

on  the  Occasional  Offices  of  Holy   Baptism,  Matrimony, 

Penance,  &c,  7/6  net. 
Burrows   (R.    M.),    The    Discoveries  in  Crete,    and    their 

Bearing  on  the  History  of  Ancient  Civilization,  5/  net. 

New   Edition,   with  addenda   of   the   season's  work   of 

1907.     For  notice  of  first  edition,  see  Atlten.,  Julv  l;i. 

1907,  ]).  46. 
Cortissoz  (It.),  Augustus  Saint  -Gaudens,  31/6  net,     Contains 

full-page  illust  rations  of  the  sculptor's  important  works. 
Essex  Archaadogical   Society,   Transactions,  Vol.  X.     Part 

in.,  8/ 

Essex  Review,  January,  1/6  net.  Among  the  articles  Is  an 
account,  with  portrait  of  the  late  Mr.  Chalkley  Gould. 

Green  (E  Tyrrell),  Towers  and  Spires,  their  Design  and 
Arrangement,  10/6.     Illustrated. 


i\V    J.),  A   S  '  N'-bu<h  a 

front    NippW.      One  of  the    roluinea   '.f   the    Rabylmii    u 

Kxp<  '  i' 

Hoppner  (.!.),    Ks-.i>»  on  Art,   _' •    !•■      Edited,  with   on 

Introduction  by  Frank  Bo 
Borne  (H.  P.\  Be  nam  BottlnelH.  Pnfnfer  of  Tlnwoe     210/ 

net.     Illustrated. 
Jelfery  ((;.).   A    summary  of  the  Architectural   MOBU 

of  CypniM  (chiefly  Median]  an. I   l.,ier>,   4''      ' 

Prefatory  Notes,  and  Part  \  I.  :  Kyrenia  District. 
Norfolk   Antiquarian  Miscellany,  Hecoad  Berien,  Put  II., 

7/B 

Obsequiale  ;  or,  the  Rites  to  be  obeeired  at  the  Burial  of 
the  Dead.  Arranged  by  the  Iter.  W.  J..  Ha;,  ward,  :i/0 
net. 

Reproductions  from  Illuminated  Mann*  rij.u  bj  the  British 
Mu.-rum.  Series  III.,  0/,  H  platea.    ret  notice,  of 
tt  Ath'T.,  Aug.  21,  1M7,  p 

Buskin  (J.),  The  LAWS  of  Pesole,  '■>}  net.  A  treatise  on  the 
elementary  principles  and  practice  of  drawing  and  paint- 
ing as  determined  by  the  raeenn  mar-ten*. 

Poetry  and  Drama. 
Book  of  Elizabethan  Verse,  6/ net.     Edited  by  W.  S.  Braith- 

waite. 
Burrow  (C.  Kennett),  London  Dead,  and  other  Verse*,  1/ 

net.     Many  of  these  verses  are  reprinted  from  various 

papers 
Gibb  (K.  J.  W.),  A  History  of  Ottoman  Poetry,  VoL  V.,  15/ 

net     Edited  by  Prof.  B.  G.  Browne. 
Hobart  (Marie  E.  J.),  'Hie  Vision  of  St.  Agnes'  Kve,  4/6  net. 

A  mvstery  play.. 
Hundred  Great  Poems,  1  dol.  2a.     Selected  and  annotated 

by  R.  J.  Cross. 
Mann  (K.),  Stray  Stanzas,  2/6  net. 
Monro  (Harold),  Judas.    The  author  has  endearoure 

see  as  Judas  saw,  to  understand  U  he  understood. 
Old   English  Plays  :    Every'  Man   in  his  Humour,  by  Ben 

Jonson ;     The    Maid's    Tragedy,    by    Beaumont    and 

Fletcher,  6d.  net  each.     Edited  with  Introduction  and 

notes  by  F.  J.  Cox. 
Pearl,  an   Anonymous   English    Poem  of   the  Fourteenth 

Century.    Rendered  in  prose  by  C.  G.  Osgood. 
Tennyson  Poems,  Vol.  II.,  4/  net.     Edited  by  the  p;< 

Lord  Tennyson  in  the  Eversley  Series. 
Music 
Wallace  (W.),  The  Threshold  of  Music,  5/ net.     An  inquiry 

into  the  development  of  the  musical  sense. 
Bibliography. 
Catalogue  of  Early-Printed  and  other  Interesting  Book-, 

Manuscripts,  &c.     Offered  for  sale  by  J.  <fc  J.  Leighton. 

Part  XIII.  Cal.-Chr.  2/ 
Hazlitt  (W.  C),  A  Roll  of  Honour,  21/.     A  calendar  of  the- 

names  of  over  17,000  men  and  women  who  throughout 

the  British  Isles,  and  in  our  early  colonies,  collected 

MSS.  and  printed  books  from  the  fourteenth  to  the 

nineteenth  century. 
Library,  January,  3/  net. 

Philosopl  y. 

Hall  (H.  Fielding),  The  Inward  Light,  10/  net.  The  clue  to 
the  title  is  given  in  the  following  quotation  :  "  What  is 
Self?"  'It  is  the  Man-Soul  made  of  I'nderstandiim 
between  the  Breaths  ;  the  Inward  Light  within  the 
Heart.  He  becometh  an  Understanding  Dream  ami 
fareth  beyond  this  World.' 

Woolnough  (G.),  Kosmos ;  or,  Philosophic  Studies  for  Lec- 
tures and  Private  Use  on  Order  and  Correlations  in 
Nature,  Mind,  Art,  and  Theism,  6/ 
Political  Economy. 

Arnold-Forster  (Rt.  Hon.  H.  O.),  English  Socialism  of  To- 
day, 2/6  net.  An  examination  of  its  teaching  and  it- 
aims. 

Bogart(E.  L.),  An  Economic  History  of  the  United  S: 
9/ net. 

Knoop  (D.),  American  Business  Enterprise,  1/6  net.  A 
Report  on  the  results  of  a  tour  in  the  United  States  in 
1906-7.  No.  VIII.  in  the  Economic  Series  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  Manchester. 

History  and  Biography. 

Anderson  (J.  H.),  Precis  of  Great  Campaigns,  1798-1815, 
10/6  net.     With  maps  and  plans. 

Boigne  (Comtesse  de),  Memoirs,  Vol.  III.,  10/  net.  Edited 
from  the  original  Ms.  by  M.  Charles  Nieoullaud.  with 
frontispiece.  For  notice  of  the  French  original  of  this 
volume  see  Athen.,  Dec.  7,  1907,  p.  727. 

Cooper  (Kev.  A.),  James  Anthony  Froude,  6rf.    A  lecture 
delivered    at   the    Richmond    Athenaeum,    Surr. 
November  18th  last. 

Dod's  Peerage,  Baronetage,  and  Knightage  for  1908, 10'6  net. 
Includes  all  the  titled  tinmen 

English  Historical  Review,  January",  5/ 

Family  Chronicle,  derived  from  Notes  and  Letters  selected 
by  Barbarina.  the  Hon.  Lady  Grey,  12/  net.  Edited  by 
Gertrude  Lvster. 

Feet  of  Fines  for  Essex,  Part  VIII.  Edited  by  R.  K.  0. 
Kirk. 

Marble  (A.  R.),  Heralds  of  American  Literature,  6/6  net.  A 
group  of  patriot  writers  of  the  Revolutionary  and 
National  periods. 

Mathews  (T),  The  O'Neills  of  Ulster,  their  History  and 
Genealogy,  3  vols.,  35/  net. 

Past  do  (C.  E.),  No.  10,  Downing  Street.  Whitehall.  M 
Deals  with  its  history  and  associations,  and  has  ii 
tions  in  colour  and  other  sketches. 

Powell  (Rev.  A.  H),  The  Ancient  Borough  of  Bridgwater  id 
the  County  of  Somerset ;  Bridgwater  in  the  Later  Da]  s. 
2  vols.,  \\  ith  map  and  illustrations. 

Redlich  (J.),  The  Procedure  of  the  House  of  Commons.  :'. 
vols.,  31/6  net.  A  study  of  its  history  and  present  form, 
translated  by  A.  Ernest  Steinthal.  With  Introduction 
and  a  supplementary  chapter  by  Sir  Court enay  Ilbert. 

Some  Special  Studies  in  Genealogy,  2/6  net.  Contains  0) 
American  Emigrants,  by  G.  Fothergill  :  (2)  The  Quaker 
BeOOtda,  by  ■'•  Newman  :  and  (3)  The  Genealogy  of  the 
submerged,  bv  C.  A.  Bernau, 

Williams     (II.    Noel),    A    Princess    of     Intrigue : 

Genevieve  de  Bourbon,  Duchesse  de  Longueville.  and 
her  Times,  2  vols.,  24/  net,  With  2;  photogravure 
frontispieces  and  32  illustrations. 


No.  4187,  Jan.  25,  1908 


THE    ATHENiEUM 


103 


Wolff   (Sir    Henry  Drummond),    Rambling    Recollections, 

2  vols.,  30/ net. 
Wyndham  (Rt.   Hon.   G.),   Sir    Walter    Scott,   1/   net.    A 
speech  to  the  Edinburgh  Walter  Scott  Club,  at  their 
fourteenth  annual  dinner  on  November  29th  last. 
Geography  and  Travel. 
Doughty  (C.  M.),   Wanderings  in  Arabia,  2  vols.,  16/  net. 
With  photogravure  portrait  and  map,  also  Introduction 
by  Edward  Garnett. 
Gray  (G.),  Sandwich,  the  Story  of  a  Famous  Kentish  Port, 

2/6  net.     No.  63  of  the  Homeland  Handbooks. 
Harrison  (F.),  My  Alpine  Jubilee,   1851-1907,  3/6  net.     An 

account  of  the  author's  mountaineering  experiences. 
Piatt  (D.  Fellowes),  Through  Italy  with  Car  and  Camera, 

21/  net. 
Seitz  (Don.  C.)  Discoveries  in  Everyday  Europe,  3/6 
Six  Weeks  and  the  Mediterranean,  by  "  Passenger,"  1/  net, 
with  illustrations  and  charts. 

Sports  arid  Pastimes. 
Lisle  (H.  de  B.  de),  Polo  in  India,  15/  net. 

Folk-lore. 

Spence  (L.),  The  Mythologies  of  Ancient  Mexico  and  Peru, 

1/  net.     In  Religions  Ancient  and  Modern. 

Philology. 

Drake  (A.  E.),  Discoveries  in  Hebrew,  Gaelic,  Gothic,  and 

other  Caucasic  Languages,  25/  net. 
Pitman's  International  Mercantile  Letters:  English-Ger- 
man, 2/6 
Wright  (J.  and  E.  M.),  Old  English  Grammar,  6/ net.    In 
the  Students'  Series  of    Historical    and  Comparative 
Grammars. 

School-Books. 
Balzac  (H.  de),  Eugenie  Grandet,  2/6  net.    Edited  by  H.  E. 

Berthon  in  the  Oxford  Higher  French  Series. 
Briggs  (W.),  Elementary  Science  for  the  Certificate  Exami- 
nations :  Introductory  Section,  2/6 
Croker  (J.  W.),   Stories  selected  from  the  History  of   Eng- 
land, from  the  Conquest  to  the  Revolution,  2/.     New 
Edition,  with  24  illustrations. 
French  Song  and  Verse  for  Children,  1/6.    Edited  by  Helen 
Terry,  with  Introduction  by  P.  A.  Barnett,  and  illustra- 
tions by  P.  Tempestini. 
Sand  (G.),  La  Mare  au  Diable,  1/6.    With  biography,  foot- 
notes,  and  exercises  by  W.  G.  Hartog.     In    Murray's 
French  Texts. 
Scott  (Sir  W.),  The  Heart  of  Midlothian,  2/.     With  Intro- 
duction and  notes  by  J.  Harold  Boardman. 
Siepmann  (O.),  A  Short  French  Grammar,  2/6.     Comprising 
essentials  of  accidence  and  syntax,  with  a  chapter  on 
French  sounds,  lists  of  words  for  practice  in  pronuncia- 
tion and  spelling,  <fec. 
To-day  in  Greater  Britain,  1/  net.    Vol.  I.  of  the  Citizen 

Books,  edited  by  W.  Beach  Thomas. 
Topffer  (R.),  La  Bibliotheque  de  mon  Oncle,  6d.    In  Siep- 
mann's  French  Series  for  Rapid  Reading. 
Science. 
Brockbank  (E.  M.),  Life  Insurance  and  General  Practice, 

7/6  net.     One  of  the  Oxford  Medical  Publications. 
Byers  (M.  L.),  Economics  of  Railway  Operation,  21/  net. 
Campbell  (N.  R.),  Modern  Electrical  Theory,  7/6  net.    In 

the  Cambridge  Physical  Series. 
Dwight  (T.),  A  Clinical  Atlas,  Variations  of  the  Bones  of 

the  Hands  and  Feet,  21/  net. 
Francis  (F.)  and  Fortescue-Brickdale  (J.  M.),  The  Chemical 
Basis  of  Pharmacology,  14/  net.     An  introduction  to 
pharmacodynamics  based  on  the  study  of  the  carbon 
compounds. 
Gallstly  (W.),  The  Nine  Point  Circle,  1/.     With  notes  on  (1) 
Simson's  Line,  (2)  The  Radical  Axis,   (3)  The  Quadri- 
lateral. 
Goldingham  (A.  H.),  The  Gas  Engine  in  Principle   and 

Practice,  6/6  net. 
Hague  (A.),  Pumping  Engines  for  Water  Works,  21/ net. 
Heath  (F.  G.),  Our  British  Trees  and  How  to  Know  Them, 

10/  net. 
Karapetoff    (V.),    Experimental    Electrical    Engineering, 

25/6  net. 
Kennel  Encyclopedia,  Vol.  II.  Part  3,  5/  net.    Edited  by  J. 

Sidney  Turner. 
Laxton's  Builders'  Price-Book  for  1908,  4/ 
Paper  Mills  Directory,  1908,  2/6  net. 

Parker  (W.  N.),  Comparative  Anatomy  of  Vertebrates,  16/ 
net.     Adapted  from  the  German  of  Dr.  R.  Wiedersheim, 
with  372  figures  and  a  bibliography.    Third  Edition. 
Pattin  (Dr.  H.  C),  The  Ritual  of  Temperance  and  Bodily 

Cleanliness,  1/  net. 
Pearson  (R.  Hooper),  The  Book  of  Garden  Pests,  2/6  net.    In 

Handbooks  of  Practical  Gardening. 
Rainbow  (W.  .J.),  A  Guide  to  the   iStudy   of   Australian 

Butterflies,  3/6 
Rogers  (L),  Fevers  in  the  Tropics,  30/  net.    Another  of  the 

Oxford  Medical  Publications. 
Science    Physics    Papers,  2/6.    The    questions  set    at    the 
Intermediate  Science  Examination  of  the  University  of 
London    from    1880    to    1907.     One    of   the    University 
Tutorial  Series. 

i  (K.  P.),  Mathematical  Handbook,  10/6  net. 
Standard    Handbook    for    Electrical    Engineers,    17/    net. 

Written  by  a  stiff  of  specialists. 
Symons's  Meteorological  Magazine,  January,  Id. 
Wrench    (G.    T.),     Rotunda     Midwifery     for     Nurses    and 
Midwives,    6/  net.      A  third   volume    of    the  Oxford 
Medical  Publications. 
Fating  (Major  II.  P.),  Hints  on  Horses,  with  Short  Notes  on 
Camels  and  Pack  Animals,  1/net.    Contains  also  a  few 
suggestions  on  the  training  of  polo  ponies  and  players, 
and  gymkhana  training  and  racing.     Fourth  Edition. 
Zeidler  ( jT)  and  Lustgarten  (J.),  Electric  Arc  Lamps,  their 
Principles,  Construction  and  Working,  5/ net. 
Fiction. 
Charles  (K.),  Keys  to  the  Drood  Mystery,  1/net.     Illustrated 

by  K.  Coffin. 
Courlander(A.),  Eve's  Apple,  0/ 

Darche  (M.),  The  Porters  of  Woodthorpe.  6/.  The  theatrical 
experience  which  the  author  has  gained  has  been  need 
in  this  novel. 
Dickens  (C),  Edwin  Drooil  rind  Mnster  Humphrey's  Clock  ; 
Reprinted  Pieces,  Sunday  under  Three  Heads,  &c, 
2  vols.,  10/6  net  each.     National  Edition. 


Donovan  (D.),  The  Sin  of  Preaching  Jim,  6/.    A  romance 

founded  on  fact. 
Dumas  (A,),  The  Crimes  of  the  Marquise  de  Brinvilliers  and 

Others,  6/.     With  an  Introduction  by  R.  S.  Gamett  and 

8  illustrations. 
Fisher   (A.    O.).    Withyford,  6/.    An    Exmoor    story,  with 

frontispiece  by  G.   D.  Armour,  and  5  illustrations  by 

R.  H.  Buxton. 
Ford  (S.),  Shorty  McCabe,  6/,     Illustrated  by  F.  V.  Wilson. 
Glasier  (K.  B.),  Tales  from  the  Derbyshire  Hills,  1/6  net. 
Hunter  (C.  B.),  The  Eloping  Maharani,  6/.    A  glimpse  of  the 

purdah  side  of  India  as  it  is  now. 
Jacob  (V.),  The  History  of  Aythan  Waring,  6/ 
Kipling  (R.),  The  Second  Jungle  Book,   5/  net.     Pocket 

Edition. 
Koebel  (W.  H.),  The  Anchorage,  6/.    The  story  of  a  New- 
Zealand  sheep  farm. 
Lang  (L.  L  ),  The  Imbeciles,  6/ 
Maclaren  (Ian),  Graham  of  Claverhouse,  6/ 
Mann  (M.  E.),  A  Sheaf  of  Corn,  6/.     A  book  of  short  stories. 
Murray  (D.  C),  Demos  Awakes,  6/ 
Orczy  (Baroness),  Beau  Brocade,  6/ 
Phillpotts  (E.),  The  Mother,  6/.    A  story  of  Dartmoor  life, 

illustrated  by  Gunning  King. 
Randall  (F.  J.),  Love  and  the  Ironmonger,  6/.    A  tale  of 

Upper  Thames  Street. 
Reid  (Christian),  Princess  Nadine,  6/ 
Royle  (E.  M.)  and  Faversham  (J.  O.),  A  White  Man  (The 

Squaw  Man),   6/.     Founded  on  the  play  noticed  last 

Shore  (W.  Teignmouth),  The  Pest,  6/ 

Vaile  (P.  A.),  Woman  the  Adorer,  2/6  net.  Contains  recol- 
lections and  reflections  of  Major  Hilton  Cairnsforth  as 
related  by  him  to  the  author. 

Yorke  (Curtis),  Their  Marriage,  6/.  With  coloured  frontis- 
piece by  E.  F.  Sherie. 

General  Literature. 

Adcock  (A.  St.  John),  The  World  that  Never  Was,  6/  net. 
A  London  fantasy,  illustrated  by  Tom  Browne. 

Anti-Suffragette-Itis,  by  the  Sisters  Grace  and  Peace,  1/ 
net. 

Bourne's  Insurance  Directory,  1908,  5/.  Edited  by  F.  Har- 
court  Kitchin. 

British  Imperial  Calendar,  and  Civil  Service  List  for  1908, 
5/ 

Imperial  Review,  No.  43,  dd.    Published  at  Melbourne. 

Independent  Labour  Party  Year-Book  for  1908,  Id.  A 
guide  to  the  Socialist  and  Labour  movement.  _  A 
reference  book  of  facts,  political,  industrial,  and  social. 

McDonnell  (M.  F.  J.),  Ireland  and  the  Home  Rule  Move- 
ment, 1/.     With  Preface  by  John  Redmond,  M.P. 

Phillips  Exeter  Academy,  U.S.,  Bulletin,  December. 

Royal  Navy  List  and  Naval  Recorder,  January,  10/ 

Scott-James  (R.  A.),  Modernism  and  Romance,  7/6  net. 

Smithsonian  Institution  Report  for  the  Year  ending  June  30, 
1907. 

Vacaresco  (H.),  the  Queen's  Friend.  A  picture  of  Court 
life  from  the  inside. 

Pamphlet*. 

Call  of  the  Church  to  Laymen,  by  the  Bishop  of  Stepney, 
the  Bishop  of  Perth,  Western  Australia,  and  others,  2d. 
Problems  for  consideration  at  the  Pan-Anglican  Con- 
gress. 

Congress  of  Archaeological  Societies  in  Union  with  the 
Society  of  Antiquaries  of  London,  July  3,  1907,  Report. 

Cripps  (A.  Redgrave),  Freewill,  and  Modern  Scientific  Con- 
ceptions, 3d.     Reprinted  from  The  Westminster  Review. 

Muggeridge  (H.  T.),  The  Labour  Pilgrim's  Progress,  3d. 

FOREIGN. 

Fine  Art  and  Archaeology. 
Eudel  (P.),  Trues  et  Truqueurs,  6  fr. 
Fossa  (F.  de),  Le  Chateau  historique  de  Vincennes  k  travers 

les  Ages,  Vol.  I.,  25  fr. 
Sjoberg    (N.),    Svenska   Portriitt   i   offentliga   Samlingar, 

Vols.   I.   and  II.,   15  kr.   each.     Vol.  I.  describes  and 

illustrates  the  portraits  at  the  royal  castle  of  Drottning- 

holm,  and  Vol.  II.  those  at  Gripsholm. 
Philosophy. 
Brevier  (E.),  Les  Idees  philosophiques  et    religieuses  de 

Philon  d'Alexandrie,  7  fr.  50. 

History  and  Biography. 
Bonnefons  (A.),   La  Chute  de  la  Republique    de  Venise, 

1789-97,  5fr. 
Davidsohn  (R.),  Forschungen  zur  Geschichte  von  Florenz, 

Vol.  IV.  13  und  14,  Jahrhundert,  15m.  ;  Geschichte  von 

Florenz,,  Vol.  II.  Part  I.  Staufische  Kainpfe,  13m. 
Fan  re  (M.).  Pour  la  Terre  Natale,  5fr. 
Masson  (F.),  Le  Sacre  et  le  Couronnement  de  Napoleon, 

7fr.  50. 
Matter  (1\),  Bismarck  et  son  Temps  :  Vol.  III.  1870-98,  lOfr. 
Pappadopoulos  (J.  B.),  Theodore  II.  Lascaris,  Empereur  de 

Nicee,  4fr. 
Slovak  (A.),  La  Bataille  d'Austerlitz,  Documents  inedits  sur 

la  Campagne  de  1805,  Traduction  de  L.  Leroy,  3fr.  50. 
Tiersot  (J.),   Les   Fetes  et  les  Chants    de    la    Revolution 

francaise,  3fr.  50. 

Science. 
Felice  (R.  de),  La  Basse-Normandie  :  Etude  de  Gdographie 

regionale,  12fr. 
Revue  des  Etudes  ethnographiques  et  sociologiques,  No.  I., 

22fr.  yearly. 

Fiction. 
Bazau  (N.),  Le  double  Visage,  3fr.  50. 
Koylesve  (R.),  Mon  Amour,  3fr.  50. 
Salle  (L.  de  la),  Le  Beactlonnairo,  3fr.  50. 

General  Literature. 
Bonnal  (General  H.),  La  premiere  Bataille,  le  Service  de 

deux   Ans,   3fr.    50.     The   Second    Series  of    Questions 

milltairas  d'Actnallte*. , 

Dura;  (Capitaine  V.),   I.' Education  du  Soldat:   quelques 

Moyens  pral  iques,  2fr. 
Pedoya  (General),  I/Annee  evolue  :  Part  I.  Discipline,  Ant  i- 

militarisme,  Antlpatriotisma 
Revue  germanlqne,  Janvler-FeVrWr,  4fr. 

Skirnir,  Part  III.,  1907. 

*»*  All  Books  received  at  the  Office  up  to  Wednesday 
Morning  will  be  included  in  this  List  unless  previously 
noted.  I'ublishers  are  requested  to  state  prices  when 
sending  Books. 


litoarj  (Sosstp. 

In  The  Cornhill  Magazine  for  February, 
Mr.  A.  C.  Benson  treats  of  '  The  Dramatic 
Sense.'  The  Right  Hon.  G.  W.  E.  Russell, 
in  the  light  of  Queen  Victoria's  letters, 
writes  on  '  The  Queen  and  the  Whigs/ 
1  The  All-Red  Route  '  is  discussed  by  the 
Hon.  W.  P.  Reeves,  and  'The  Late 
American  Crisis,'  by  Mr.  Hartley  Withers ; 
while  'The  Book  on  the  Table,'  introduced 
by  Miss  Virginia  Stephen,  is  '  The  Memoirs 
of  Sarah  Bernhardt.'  In  '  Fishermen's 
Sorrows '  Mr.  F.  G.  Aflalo  sets  forth 
several  problems  of  the  sea.  Mr.  A.  W. 
Pollard  contributes  an  interesting  account 
of  '  Indexes  '  ;  while  '  A  Straggler  from  a 
Forgotten  Fight,'  of  which  Mr.  John 
Barnett  tells,  is  the  old  Impregnable, 
which  took  part  in  the  bombardment  of 
Algiers.  Poetry  is  represented  by  Mr. 
Alfred  Noyes,  '  The  Lights  of  Home.' 

To  the  February  number  of  The  Inter- 
national  Mr.  L.  G.  Chiozza-Money,  M.P.r 
will  contribute  an  article  containing  some 
remarkable  statistics  on  the  state  of  un- 
employment in  England  ;  while  M.  Emile 
Vandervelde  will  discuss  the  question 
of  the  Belgian  Parliament  and  Congo 
annexation.  The  results  of  the  first  year's 
working  of  the  Law  of  Separation  between 
Church  and  State  in  France  will  be  dealt 
with  by  the  Abbe  Paul  Maudet ;  and 
M.  George  Khroustaleff,  ex-President  of 
the  Council  of  Labour  Members  of  the 
Duma,  will  write  on  the  causes  of  the 
comparative  failure  of  Russian  revolu- 
tionary movements  up  to  the  present. 
But  perhaps  the  most  conspicuous  feature 
of  the  number  will  be  a  symposium  of  the 
opinions  of  prominent  European  and 
American  sociologists  on  the  possible 
developments  of  the  Science  of  Sociology. 
The  editor's  leading  article  will  likewise 
be  on  the  subject  of  Social  Science. 

1 A  History  of  the  Volunteer 
Forces,'  treated  historically  from  the 
earliest  times  to  the  year  1859,  and  tracing 
the  connexion  both  with  the  army  and 
with  the  old  "  constitutional  force,"  has 
been  in  preparation  for  some  years  by 
Capt.  Cecil  Sebag-Montefiore,  and  is  to  be 
published  this  spring  by  Messrs.  Constable 
&  Co. 

Miss  Edith  Sichel's  new  volume,  com- 
plementary to  '  Catherine  dei  Medici  and 
the  French  Reformation,'  which  was  pub- 
lished by  the  same  firm  in  1904,  is  now 
in  the  press,  and  will  be  issued  shortly  by 
the  same  firm.  It  is  entitled  '  The  Later 
Years  of  Catherine  dei  Medici,'  and  will 
deal  with  the  troublous  period  from  the 
Massacre  of  St.  Bartholomew's  Eve  to  the 
murder  of  Henri  III. 

Messrs.  Macmillan  &  Co.  will  publish 
next  week  Mr.  Putnam  Weale's  new  work 
on  '  The  Coming  Struggle  in  Eastern  Asia.' 
It  forms  the  fourth  of  the  author's  series 
of  political  treatises,  and  contains  a  care- 
ful  revaluation  of  the  old  forces  in  the 
Far  Eastern  situation  as  thoy  displayed 
themselves  during  the  first  half  of  1907, 
when  Mr.  Weale  again  travelled  over  the 
countries  concerned.      Other  publications- 


KM 


Til  E     AT  II  EN  M  U  M 


No.  U87,  Jah.  !■>.  L908 


ol  the  treek  by  the  same  firm  will  bo  the 

BOOOd  edition  of  Lord  Dunraven's  'Self- 
Instruction  in  the  Theory  and  Practice  of 
Navigation,'  which,  having  been  revised 
and  considerably  enlarged,  now  occupies 
three  volumes;  and  Canon  Hensley  11<  n 
son's  volume  of  sermons  and  essays  on 
the  history  and  constitution  of  the  National 
Church,  to  which  Dr.  Llewelyn  Davies 
contributes  an  Introduction. 

Early  in  February  the  same  firm  will 
publish  '  Confessio  Medici,'  by  the  author 
of  '  The  Young  People,'  a  volume  of  essays 
which,  while  especially  addressed  to  the 
young  man  who  intends  to  follow  the 
profession  of  medicine,  claims  to  be  ac- 
ceptable to  a  wider  public.  The  author 
says  of  his  book  : — 

"  Here  is  no  confession  of  sins  and  errors, 
no  disclosure  of  secrets,  no  mention  of 
names,  no  memory  of  offences,  no  airs  of 
penitence. .  .  .1  only  want  to  confess  what  I 
have  learned,  so  far  as  I  have  come,  from 
my  life,  so  far  as  it  has  gone." 

The  death  is  announced  at  New  York, 
in  his  seventy-fourth  year,  of  Mr.  Edmund 
Clarence  Stedman,  poet  and  critic,  who 
was  first  a  journalist  and  magazine  writer, 
and  from  1869  to  1900  had  a  seat  in  the 
New  York  Stock  Exchange.  He  is  best 
known  in  England  by  his  excellent  critical 
work,  reprinted  from  Scribner's  Magazine, 
on  'Victorian  Poets  '  (1875),  reproduced  in 
London  in  1876  :  this  was  followed  ten 
years  later  by  a  similar  work  on  the  '  Poets 
of  America.'  Along  with  T.  B.  Aldrich, 
he  edited  '  Cameos  from  the  Poems  of 
Walter  Savage  Landor ' ;  with  Ellen  M. 
Hutchinson,  '  A  Library  of  American 
Literature,'  in  11  volumes  ;  and  with  Prof. 
Woodberry,  '  The  Works  of  Edgar  Allan 
Poe,'  in  ten  volumes.  He  also  compiled  a 
'Victorian  Anthology'  (1895)  and  'An 
American  Anthology'  (1900),  and  was 
author  of  a  work  on  '  The  Nature  and 
Elements  of  Poetry.'  His  own  poems  fill 
about  a  dozen  volumes.  He  delivered  the 
initiatory  course  of  lectures  of  the  Turn- 
bull  Chair  of  Poetry,  Johns  Hopkins 
University,  and  succeeded  Lowell  as  Presi- 
dent of  the  American  Copyright  League. 

Dr.  Holland  Rose,  in  collaboration 
with  Mr.  A.  M.  Broadley,  joint  author  of 
'  Napoleon  and  the  Invasion  of  England,' 
will  publish  with  Mr.  John  Lane  in  the 
autumn  '  Dumouriez,  and  the  Defence  of 
England  against  Napoleon.'  The  book 
will  include  a  multitude  of  illustrations, 
and  several  unpub fished  documents,  in- 
cluding the  schemes  of  defence  devised 
by  Dumouriez  in  his  holograph  copy,  and 
by  the  Duko  of  York  in  1803.  '  Napoleon 
and  the  Invasion  of  England  '  is  about  to 
go  into  a  second  edition. 

Mr.  Rudyard  Kipling  has  consented 
to  preside  at  the  dinner  in  celebration  of 
the  118th  anniversary  of  the  Royal 
Literary  Fund,  to  be  held  in  the  White- 
hall Rooms,  Hotel  Metropole,  on  Thurs- 
day, May  21st  next. 

Mr.  H.  A.  Evans  writes  from  Yarnton: — 

"  In  connexion  with  your  reviewer's 
remarks  on  Thomas  Jenkins  ('  Shakespeare's 
Warwickshire  Contemporaries,'  p.  37, 
Jan.  11th),  it  is  perhaps  worth  while  to 
note  that  Hugh  Evans,  M.A.  of  Brasenose, 


was     vicar    of     Yarnton,     a    village     between 
Woodstock  and   Oxford,  from    l.'.T'.i  to   1618, 

and  t Imt  ho  kept  a  school  at  the  vioerege 

house." 

The  death  of  Thomas  Day  Seymour, 
whose  book  on  Homeric  life  we  recently 
reviewed,  "  brings,"  says  Prof.  Goodwin  in 
the  New  York  Nation, 

sadness  to  the  lioarts  of  all  classical 
scholars  in  tho  land.  During  tho  twenty- 
seven  yoars  in  which  be  nobly  represented 
Greek  letters  at  Yale  he  made  himself 
familiarly  known  to  ovory  school  and  college 
in  which  Greek  was  studied.  His  sound 
scholarship,  which  was  conspicuous  in  all 
that  he  said  or  wrote,  and  his  absolute 
freedom  from  display  of  doubtful  erudition, 
gained  him  universal  respect." 

Mr.  A.  G.  Bradley's  new  volume  of 
Canadian  history,  called  '  The  Making  of 
Canada,'  deals  with  the  little  -  known 
period  from  1763  to  1814,  and  forms  a 
sequel  to  the  same  author's  popular  work 
on  the  Wolfe  and  Montcalm  struggle, 
entitled  '  The  Fight  with  France  for 
North  America.'  The  present  work, 
which  shows  how  Canada  evaded  the 
threatened  fate  of  becoming  "  the  four- 
teenth State  of  the  Union,"  will  be  pub- 
lished by  Messrs.  Constable  &  Co. 

The  first  general  meeting  of  the  Dante 
Society  of  Ireland  was  held  at  Lincoln 
Chambers,  Dublin,  on  Monday  last.  The 
Society,  which  resembles  the  parent  society 
in  London  in  its  objects  and  scope,  already 
has  a  membership  of  100.  The  Hon. 
Secretaries  are  Mrs.  James  Duncan  and 
Mr.  Herbert  Wood. 

Geheime  Justizrat  Felix  Stoerk, 
whose  death  in  his  fifty-seventh  year  is 
announced  from  Greifswald,  was  Pro- 
fessor of  Law  at  that  University,  and 
author  of  a  number  of  legal  works,  among 
them  '  Handbuch  des  Volkerreckts,'  '  Me- 
thodik  des  ofientlichen  Rechts,'  and 
'  Archiv  fur  offentliches  Recht.' 

The  death,  at  the  age  of  sixty-one,  is 
reported  from  Vienna  of  the  distinguished 
journalist  Dr.  Eduard  Bacher,  editor  and 
part  proprietor  of  the  Neue  Fre.it  Presse. 
He  was  originally  a  parliamentary  reporter 
on  the  paper,  but  his  remarkable  gifts 
soon  won  recognition  from  those  in 
authority,  and  he  rapidly  advanced  in  his 
profession.  His  leading  articles  made 
him  an  authority  in  political  circles. 

Holger  Drachmann  is  to  be  buried 
at  Skagen,  the  fishing  village  that  often 
figures  in  his  poetry  and  prose.  Here  the 
ashes  will  be  placed  in  a  sandhill  facing 
the  North  Sea.  The  cremation  took  place 
in  Copenhagen,  and  the  urn  was  carried 
with  the  escort  of  a  torchlight  procession 
to  the  steamer.  The  poet  left  several 
completed  MSS.,  viz.,  some  plays  and  a 
novel. 

We  note  the  publication  of  the  follow- 
ing Parliamentary  Papers  likely  to  be  of 
interest  to  some  of  our  readers  :  Board  of 
Education,  Building  Regulations  for 
Secondary  Schools  and  Pupil  -  Teacher 
Centres,  being  principles  to  be  observed 
in  designing  buildings,  rules  as  to  con- 
struction, &c.  (2d.)  ;  and  Special  Reports 
on   Educational   Subjects  :    Vol.  19,   The 


Domestic  Training  of  Girls  in  Germany 

and  Austria  (7W.). 


SCIENCE 


RESEARCH    .VOTES. 

In  the  December  number  of  Tf^e  Philo- 
sophical Magazine  Dr.  .J.  A.  V\>  mi: 
a  detailed  account  of  some  expenm 
made  by  him  at  University  College,  London, 
with  what  he  calls  "  closed-circuit  antenn.*- 
for  high-frequency  closed -circuit  wir< 
telegraphy."  Tho  apparatus  employed 
him  seems  to  have  been  a  few  turns  of 
insulated  stranded  wire  wound  round  a 
square  frame  of  8  ft.  diameter.  One  of 
these  coils  was  made  the  seat  of  continuous 
or  undamped  oscillations  by  means  of  a 
i'oulsen  arc,  wliilo  its  fellow  was  placed 
at  a  distance  and  received  the  signals 
the  aid  of  Dr.  Fleming's  oscillation  valve 
or  glow-lamp  detector.  Later,  the  ex- 
porimenter  saw  reason  to  discard  the  Poulsen 
arc,  and  to  use  the  ordinary  spark-gap  and 
a  high-tension  transformer  as  the  means 
of  exciting  the  oscillations.  The  result 
proved  that  the  signals  from  such  a  trans- 
mitter could  be  received  in  a  similar  circuit 
when  syntonized,  without  using  any  high 
antenna?  and  without  interruption  to 
telephonic  circuits  in  the  neighbourhood, 
while  the  receiving  circuit  was  not  impressed 
by  messages  sent  from  the  high  antenna- 
generally  used  in  wTireless  telegraphy.  The 
drawback  seems  to  be  that  the  effect  falls 
off  rapidly  with  the  distance  ;  but  further 
experiments  on  the  subject  are  promised. 
It  was  also  found  that  the  best  position  for 
the  transmitter  was  the  horizontal  one, 
the  square  employed  being  fixed  at  not 
more  than  8  ft.  from  the  ground.  Consider- 
able space  would  therefore  be  required  for 
experiments  on  a  large  scale,  and  they 
would  probably  prove  an  objection  to  the 
use  of  the  apparatus  in  cities. 

Facts  are  constantly  coming  to  light  which 
show  that  the  possibilities  of  uranium  as 
a  source  of  high  radio-activity  are  by  no 
means  exhausted.  Prof.  V.  F.  Hess,  writing 
in  the  Berichte  of  the  Vienna  Academy  of 
Sciences  last  year,  asserted,  in  continuation 
of  the  previous  observations  of  Dr.  Moore 
and  Dr.  Schlundt,  that  uranium  X  gives 
Alpha  as  well  as  Beta  rays,  although  this 
does  not  seem  to  have  been  noted  by  Prof. 
Rutherford  in  his  '  Radio-active  Trans- 
formations.' Prof.  Hess  also  asserted  (see 
Science  Abstracts,  Dec.  30th,  1907)  that 
these  Alpha  rays  had  a  range  of  only  107cm. 
in  air — the  smallest,  in  fact,  of  any  Alpha 
rays  known.  Prof.  Levin,  on  the  other 
hand,  as  the  result  of  experiments  made  in 
the  Cavendish  Laboratory,  and  announced 
in  the  Physikalisclic  Zeitschrift,  will  have 
it  that  uranium  X  gives  out  an  absorbable 
radiation  which  is  not  an  Alpha  ray.  It 
would,  indeed,  be  singular  if  the  result 
of  these  experiments  were  to  show  that 
uranium,  like  the  other  highly  radio-active 
substances  thorium,  radium,  and  actinium, 
produces  an  emanation — a  theory  which 
was  announced  some  years  ago  in  France, 
and  received  with  great  scorn  by  some 
Cambridge  physicists.  In  this  connexion 
may  be  mentioned  a  recent  article  by  Prof. 
G.  A.  Blanc  in  the  Xuovo  Cimento,  in  which 
he  points  out  that  thorium  hydrate  can  be 
precipitated  from  thorium  nitrate  by  an 
excess  of  ammonia,  and,  after  being  dried, 
powdered,  and  left  to  rest  for  six  weeks, 
will  exhibit  the  main  radio-active  phe- 
nomena, such  as  emanation,  ionization  of 
gases,  and  induced  radio-activity.  As  he 
calculates  the  cost  of  the  10  grammes  re- 
quired at  three  shillings  only,  this  would  seem 


No.  4187,  Jan.  25,  1908 


THE     ATHENAEUM 


105 


to  put  the  possibility  of  experimenting 
with  radio-active  phenomena  within  the 
reach  of  everybody. 

The  result  of  an  inquiry  into  the  radio- 
activity of  substances  other  than  the  highly 
radio-active  group  is  given  by  Prof.  H. 
Greinacher  in  the  Annalen  der  Physik,  and 
summarized  in  the  before-quoted  number 
of  Science  Abstracts.  Prof.  Greinacher' s 
experiments  were  directed  to  ascertaining 
whether  simple  metals,  like  zinc,  cadmium, 
mercury,  and  bismuth,  and  salts  like  the 
sulphates  of  zinc,  cadmium,  and  magnesium, 
and  the  nitrates  of  uranium  and  lead, 
exhibited  any  trace  of  remaining  at  a  higher 
temperature  than  their  surroundings.  For 
this  purpose  he  enclosed  a  specimen  of  each 
in  a  vacuum- jacketed  vessel  packed  in  ice, 
and  left  it  there  for  some  hours,  the  tempera- 
ture^being  taken  by  a  thermo-electric  junc- 
tion and  a  galvanometer.  Apparently  the 
existence  of  a  slightly  higher  temperature 
was  established,  but  this  was  very  much 
less  than  that  observable  with  radium, 
and  was  inferior  to  the  hundredth  of  1  °  C. 
Crystalline  nitrate  of  lead,  indeed,  presented 
the  anomalous  phenomenon  of  a  fall  of 
temperatm^e  below  that  of  its  surroundings, 
amounting  to  some  hundredths  of  a  degree. 
These  experiments  are  interesting,  but  the 
differences  observable  were  evidently  very 
small,  and  it  would  be  unwise  to  accept 
them  at  present  as  a  further  proof  of  the 
radio-activity  of  ordinary  materials. 

An  interesting  experiment  in  magnetism 
has  been  made  by  Prof.  L.  Donati,  and  is 
recorded  in  a  recent  number  of  the  journal 
Elettricista.  He  used  a  cylindrical  bundle 
of  iron  wire  8  inches  long,  and  with  a  sec- 
tional area  of  50  sq.  cm.  Ten  cm.  of  one 
end  of  this  was  surrounded  by  a  magnetizing 
coil  of  400  turns  of  wire,  fed  by  a  three-phase 
current  from  the  central  supply.  He  then 
calculated  the  lag  of  phase  at  different 
points  of  the  core,  and  derived  from  it 
the  velocity  of  what  he  calls  the  "  wave 
of  magnetization  "  along  the  wires.  This  he 
declares  to  be  at  the  rate  of  a  thousand 
metres  per  second,  which  may  be  compared 
with  the  300,000  kilometres  per  second  for 
the  propagation  of  light. 

It  may  be  remembered  that  Dr.  d'  Arsonval 
some  years  ago  announced  that  the  thera- 
peutic use  of  the  high-frequency  current 
would  reduce  the  hardening  of  the  arteries 
hitherto  considered  inseparable  from  old 
age,  and  the  use  of  "  d' Arson valization," 
as  it  has  been  called,  for  this  purpose,  has 
consequently  passed  into  medical  practice. 
MM.  J.  Bergonie,  A.  Broca,  and  G.  Ferrie 
have  now  published  in  the  Comptes  Rendus 
of  the  Academie  des  Sciences  and  elsewhere 
a  long  series  of  experiments  that  they  have 
made  with  an  apparatus  more  powerful 
than  any  yet  employed,  and  giving  in  an 
auto-conduction  solenoid  10  to  15  wave- 
trains  per  second,  the  maximum  intensity 
of  each  wave-train  being  about  500  amperes. 
Of  39  measurements  taken  with  this,  they 
found  that  21  gave  no  variation  of  arterial 
pressure,  10  an  actual  elovation,  and  only 
4  a  reduction.  It  does  not  seem  to  follow 
i  ram  1  his,  however,  that  "d'Arsonvalization  " 
is  useless.  That  the  living  human  body 
dues  not  behavo  towards  olectricity  like  a 
metallic  or  other  lifeless  conductor  18  proved 
by  the  great  disturbance  produced  in  it 
by  alternating  currents  of  low  frequency, 
while  those  of  high  frequency,  such  as  aro 
employed  by  Dr.  d' Arsonval,  pass  through 
it  unnoticed.  Moreover,  the  higb-froquency 
treatment  may  be  supposed  to  act  by 
Stimulating  tho  trophic  or  repairing  cells 
to  a  groater  osmotic  action,  or  exchange 
of  (heir  contents  with  tho  surrounding 
medium.  But  the  direction  of  osmosis 
through  a  semi-permeable  medium    changes 


with  the  direction  of  the  stimulating  current, 
and  who  shall  say  what  this  direction  is  for 
a  rapidly  changing  current  by  the  time  it 
reaches  the  internal  cell  ? 

In  the  current  number  of  the  Revue 
Generate  des  Sciences — soon,  by  the  way, 
to  increase  the  amount  of  its  subscription — 
is  an  article  by  M.  Paul  Meyer  on  the 
Mendelian  law  affecting  the  crossing  of 
animals  and  the  transmission  of  charac- 
teristics to  their  descendants.  In  the 
course  of  this,  he  rapidly  runs  through 
some  of  the  experiments  in  the  crossing  of 
cereals  pursued  at  the  Cambridge  experi- 
mental farm,  and  supplements  them  by 
mstances  taken  from  the  Royal  Agricultural 
Society's  Journal  and  Messrs.  Weatherby's 
'  Stud  Book.'  Generally,  he  shows  that  all 
the  facts  there  given  confirm  the  existence 
of  marked  races,  that  is  to  say,  of  those 
exhibiting  several  dominant  characteristics, 
and  that  what  he  calls  internal  and  little 
apparent  characteristics,  such  as  speed  in 
race-horses,  quality  of  meat,  and  of  yield 
in  milk  or  wool  in  stock,  are  transmissible, 
in  accordance  with  the  laws  which  also 
govern  external  characteristics,  such  as 
the  colour  of  the  coat  or  the  existence 
or  non-existence  of  horns.  The  article 
is  very  clearly  written,  and  may  be  recom- 
mended as  a  popular  resume  of  an  interesting 
subject.  That  it  has  more  than  mere 
scientific  or  technical  importance  is  shown 
by  Prof.  Bottomley's  experiments  on  the 
use  of  nitrogen-fixing  bacteria  in  agriculture, 
to  which  it  is  hoped  to  return  when  they  are 
published  in  scientific  shape. 

In  the  last-quoted  review  an  extraordinary 
story  is  given  from  an  American  source 
that  Prof.  Wilder  has  succeeded  in  restoring 
to  several  Peruvian  mummies  something 
like  the  appearance  they  must  have  presented 
during  life,  by  soaking  them  first  in  a  solution 
of  caustic  potash  and  then  in  one  of  forma- 
line. It  is  suggested  that  the  same  process 
should  be  tried  upon  some  of  the  mummified 
remains  of  the  Pharaohs  now  exhibited 
in  the  Cairo  Museum  and  elsewhere.  But, 
while  the  story  lacks  confirmation,  and  is 
not  prima  facie  credible,  it  may  be  pointed 
out  that  such  a  proceeding — even  if  success- 
ful— would  be  of  little  benefit  to  science, 
and  it  is  to  be  hoped  that  the  mummies 
in  question  may  be  guarded  against  further 
profanation.  F.  L. 


ANTHROPOLOGICAL    NOTES. 

The  Gazette  des  Beaux-Arts  for  December, 
1907,  contains  a  paper  on  the  popular  origins 
of  art,  read  by  M.  E.  Pottier,  of  the  Institute, 
before  the  Academy  of  Inscriptions  on 
November  15th.  The  author  reviews  the 
discoveries  of  prehistoric  drawings  in  the 
caves  of  Fiance  and  Spain  communicated 
to  the  Academy  during  the  last  five  years, 
and  compares  them  with  the  rock-carvings 
of  the  Bushmen  and  tho  Australians.  He 
interprets  both  prehistoric  art  and  savage 
art,  which  deal  mainly  with  representations 
of  animals  useful  to  the  life  of  the  com- 
munity, as  intended  to  secure  by  magic 
an  abundant  supply  of  game  or  other  food. 
He  assigns  a  similar  utilitarian  origin  to  the 
art  of  music,  as  having  been  first  emj  loyed 
to  direct  the  simultaneous  actions  of  workers 
by  a  regular  cadence.  This  is  illustrated  by  a 
Greek  terra-cotta  of  the  sixth  century  a.d., 
where  a  party  of  four  workmen  are  directed 
by  a  flute-player. 

Folk-lore  for  December  contains  a  paper 
on  the  principles  of  fasting  by  Dr.  E.  Wester- 
marck.  Tho  author  accepts  the  desire 
of  having  supernatural  converse  or  acquiring 
supernatural  powers  as  one  of  tho  objects 
of  fasting,  but  adds  some  weight  to  the 
ideas  that  food   may  convey  pollution  and 


be  detrimental  to  sanctity,  and  that  it  is 
dangerous  or  improper  for  the  worshipper 
to  partake  of  food  before  the  god  has  had 
his  share.  Of  these  he  cites  many  instances 
from  ancient  and  modern  authorities. 

Mr.  Andrew  Lang,  in  an  interesting  paper, 
draws  attention  to  the  resemblances  between 
two  stories  of  the  disturbance  of  coffins 
in  a  vault,  the  one  as  published  in  1860 
by  R.  Dale  Owen,  and  alleged  to  have 
taken  place  in  1844  at  Ahrensburg,  Isle  of 
Oesel,  in  the  Baltic  ;  the  other  as  published 
in  1833  by  Sir  J.  E.  Alexander,  as  having 
taken  place  at  various  times  between  1812 
and  1820  at  the  vault  of  the  Chase  family 
at  Christchurch  in  Barbados. 

Dr.  H.  F.  Feilberg  describes  and  figures 
an  opening  made  in  the  outer  wail  of  a  house 
in  West  Jutland  to  allow  of  the  passage  of 
a  coffin  direct  from  that  room  to  the  street 
for  the  funeral  procession  to  church,  instead 
of  taking  it  through  the  house  door.  The 
opening  was  immediately  bricked  up  again. 
As  it  appears,  however,  to  be  arched  over, 
it  seems  odd  that  so  much  pains  should  have 
been  taken  with  a  breach  made  for  a  tem- 
porary purpose. 

Mr.  A.  R.  Wright  figures  and  describes 
a  number  of  objects  connected  with  the 
secret  societies  and  beliefs  of  the  tribes  of 
Sierra  Leone — a  mask  worn  by  the  personator 
of  the  devil  spirit  of  the  Porro  Society,  a 
black  female  figure  used  by  the  Yassi 
Society  to  obtain  magical  information, 
a  number  of  amulets,  and  other  objects, 
including  a  farm  devil  worked  in  steatite, 
a  material  which  the  present  natives  do  not 
know  how  to  carve. 

Mr.  Northcote  W.  Thomas  has  compiled 
for  the  Joint  Committee  of  the  Royal 
Anthropological  Institute  and  the  Folk-lore 
Society  a  '  Bibliography  of  Anthropology 
and  Folk-loie  for  1906,'  containing  works 
published  within  the  British  Empire,  and 
intended  to  be  the  first  of  an  annual  series. 
It  is  the  continuation  of  the  bibliography 
of  folk-lore  for  1905  compiled  by  the  same 
indefatigable  scholar  for  the  Folk-lore 
Society,  which  was  more  than  once  referred 
to  in  The  Athenozum  as  an  excellent  piece 
of  work.  The  new  list  is,  however,  far  more 
comprehensive  than  that  pioneer  publica- 
tion, for  it  contains  nearly  twice  the  number 
of  entries.  The  total  entries  for  1906  reach 
779 — all  derived  from  works  and  periodicals 
issued  in  the  British  Empire  during  that 
year,  with  the  exception  of  a  few  published 
in  the  English  language  in  such  non- 
European  cour tries  as  China.  No  archaeo- 
logical papers  relating  to  periods  later  than 
the  prehistoric  are  included  ;  and  in  lan- 
guages only  the  unwritten  ones  are  noticed. 
An  asterisk  is  used  to  mark  works  of  special 
importance  and  articles  of  value  contained 
in  non-anthropological  periodicals. 


THE    PITT   RIVERS   MUSEUM 

AT  OXFORD. 

st.  Andrews,  Jan.  21,  1008. 
In  my  brief  account  of  the  career  of  Mr. 
E.  B.  Tylor  in  'Anthropological  Essays' 
(the  book  presontod  to  Mr.  Tylor,  and 
reviewed  in  The  Athenaeum  on  October  26th 
of  last  year)  1  find  that  I  made  an  error. 
I  attributed  to  the  loarned  anthropologist 
the  arrangement  of  the  speoimens  in  the 
Pitt  Rivers  Museum  at  Oxford,  in  ignorance 
of  <he  fact  that  the  work  is  that  of  Mr. 
Henry  Balfour,  tho  Keeper  of  the  Museum. 
Permit  me  to  restore  the  rose  which  I  un- 
wittingly abstracted  from  Mr.  Balfour's 
ohaplet,  and  to  express  ray  regret  for  tho 
mistake.  A.  Lam:. 


100 


T  ii  E    at  ii  i:\j-;  r  m 


No.  4187,  Jan. 


25. 


1908 


SOCIETIES. 

Gkoi.ocicai..      Jan.    S. — Sir.    Archibald    ("cikie, 

I'i.  odent,  in  the  ohair.  UMm  A.  J.  H.  Atkin 
mid  O,  < '.  Ooaearwere  elected  Pellowij  and  Dr. 
Peodor  (  Vmy.shrv  of  8t,  Petenbnrg  wu  elected  a 
Foreign  Oorreipondeot.— Mr. R.  H.  Tiddexnan  and 

Dr.    A.    EL    Salter  were  elected    Auditors   of    the 

Society's  Moonnta  for  tli«  preceding  year.— The 
following  communications  were  read  :  'Chronology 

of  the  Glacial  Epoofa  in  North  America,'  by  Prof. 
<;.  K.  Wright,— tod  'On  the  Application  of 
Quantitative  Methods  to  the  Study  of  the  Struc- 
tnre  and  History  of  Rocks,'  by  Mr.  H.  Clifton 
Sorby. 

Royal  Asiatic. — Jan.  14. — Sir  Raymond  West, 
Director,  in  the  chair. — Mr.  E.  H.  0.  Walsh  read 
«  paper  on    '  The  Coinage  of    Nepal,'  which    was 
illustrated  by  seven  plates  of  the  coins  mentioned. 
The  coinage   of  Nepal  falls  under   three    distinct 
periods.      The   first    is   the   early   coinage   of   the 
Licchavi  and  Thakuri  dynasties,  who  in  635  A. D. 
were  reiening  contemporaneously,  the  former  from 
their  palace  of   Managriha,  and  the  latter  from  a 
palace  called  Kailasakuta,  at  a   common  capital, 
which  occupied  the  site  of  the  present  Kathmandu 
or  in  its   immediate   neighbourhood  —  the  former 
reigning  over  the  eastern  portion  of  the  country, 
and   the   latter    over    the   western.      Mr.    Walsh 
agreed  with  Prof.  Rapson  that  this  early  coinage 
was  derived  from  that  of  the  Kushanas,  while  the 
seated  figure  on  some  of  the  coins,  and  the  form  of 
the  vase  of  flowers  on  the  later  "  Pasupati"  coins, 
show  a  close  resemblance  to  those  of  the  Guptas. 
The  coins  of  this  dynasty,  reproduced  or  imitated, 
appear  to  have  remained  the  only  currency  of  the 
country   until   the   commencement   of    the    silver 
coinage  of  the  Malla  kings  under  Jaya  Mahendra 
Malla,  who  obtained  permission  from  the  Emperor 
of  Dehli  to  issue  a  silver  coinage  in  1566  a.d.,  and 
who  took  as  his  standard  a  coin  called  a  mohar, 
one-half  the  standard  of  weight  and  value  of  the 
Indian  sicca  rupee.     Mr.  Walsh  pointed  out  that 
Mahendra    Malla   was   able    to    institute   a   silver 
coinage  because  he  made  a  treaty  with  Tibet  by 
which  he  supplied    the   coinage   of   that  country, 
obtaining  from   Tibet  the  silver  for  the  purpose, 
and   also   using   it   for    the   currency   of   his   own 
country.     The  earliest  specimens  of  this  coinage, 
however,  do  not  date  further  back  than  1631  a.d., 
and  it  is  difficult  to  account  for  the  disappearance 
both  in  Nepal  and  Tibet  of  the  coins  between  1566 
and  1631.     The  Malla  kings  also  coined  fractional 
parts  of  the  mohar — a  half,   quarter,  eighth,  six- 
teenth, and  thirty-second.     Only  one  Malla  king, 
Jaya  Prakasa  Malla  in  1753,  coined  gold.     He  took 
as  his  gold  standard  an  ashrafi  of  the  same  weight 
and  design  as  his  mohar,  and  subdivided  it  into 
similar  fractional  coins.     The  characteristic  of  the 
Malla  coinage  is  the  variety  and  elaborateness  of 
its  designs,  many  of  which  are  very  artistic.     The 
third  period  of  the  Nepal  coinage  is  that  of  the 
Gorkhas,    which  dates  from  the  conquest  of  the 
country  by  Prithvi  Narayan  in  1768,  and  continues 
to  the  present  time.     The  Gorkhas  maintained  the 
same  system  of  coinage,  but  have  adhered  to  one 
standard  design  for  their  mohars  (developed  from 
that  of  some  of  the  Malla  kings),  and  continued 
their  designs  for  the  fractional  coins.     The  Gorkha 
rulers  have  also  struck  a  gold  coinage,  and  it  is  in 
their   double    ashrafis    that    they    have    adopted 
original  designs.      Both   the    Malla  and  Gorkha 
rulers  frequently  struck  coins  bearing  the  names  of 
their  consorts,  generally  conjointly  with  their  own 
names,  but  sometimes  separately.     The  coins  of 
the  Malla  period  were  illustrated  by  five  plates 
showing  seventy  specimens,   most  of  which  have 
not   previously    been   figured.     The   types   of   the 
Gorkha  coinage  were  also  illustrated.     The  coins 
of  the  early  period  have  been  described  by  Sir  A. 
Cunningham,  Prof.    Bendall,    Mr.   V.   Smith,   Dr. 
Hoernle,  and  Prof.  Rapson  ;  but  for  those  of  tho 
Malla   kings    and    the    present    Gorkha    dynasty 
reference  has  hitherto  had  to  be  made  to  Mars- 
den's  'Numismata  Orientalia,'  as  the  coins  of  Nepal 
in  the  British  Museum   have  not  yet   been   cata- 
logued.    Mr.  Walsh  thanked  the  authorities  of  the 
British  Museum  for  allowing  him  to  have  casts  of 
the  coins  of  the  early  dynasties,  of   15  of  those  of 
the  Mallas,  and  of  the  examples  given  of  tho  coins 
of    the   present   Gorkha   dynasty  ;    and   also   Dr. 
Hoernle  for  letting  him  take  a  cast  of  a  unique 
square   "  nisar  "   coin  of  Pratapa   Malla  of   1661. 
The  other  55   Malla  coins  illustrated  were  from 


Mr.  Walsh's  own  eollirt  ion.    -A  diHCUssion  followed, 
in  which  Prof.  Rapson,   Dr.    Hoernle,  Dr.  (Jrierson, 

end  Mr.  Lena  Fox  Pitt  took  pait. 

Society  ok  A.NTioiAiti^s.—  Jan.  16.— Sir  Richard 
Holmes,  V.P.,  in  the- chair.  —  Mr.  T.  S.    BuhIi    reed 
a    paper  giving  a   brief  Nummary  of    exploration! 
carried  out  during  tho  last  throe  years  at  the  north 
end  of  Lanadown,  aliout  four  miles  from  Path.     IP- 
first  explained  what  led  to  these  explorations,  viz., 
workmen    in    digging   a   trench    met    with    some 
Roman  coins,  fragments  of  pottery,  and  Ixmes.     In 
June,   1905,  two  experimental  trenches  were  cut. 
Tho    result   proving  satisfactory,   operations  have 
since    been   continued   at   intervals.     The   field    is 
triangular,  enclosing  an  area  of  about  seven  acres. 
To  the  west  the  ground  is  level  ;  on  the  other  two 
sidos  it  slopes  off  sharply  into  the  valley.     With 
tho  exception  of  some  low  banks  in  the  middle  of 
the  field,  forming  [irregular  enclosures,  and  others 
on  the  north  and  south  sides,  the  ground  is  flat, 
sloping  slightly  to  the  south.       When  the  l>anks 
were  cut  through  in  several  places,  they  were  seen 
to  be  made  up  of  either  thin  stones  laid  flat  or  of 
rubble.      There  being  nothing  on   the  surface  to 
indicate  anything  below,  trenches  were  cut  hap- 
hazard, usually  1^  ft.  wide  and  down  to  the  loose 
rock  overlying    the    solid    rock,   rarely  exceeding 
1^  ft.,  in  many  places  of  the  field  much  less.     Parts 
of  the  foundations  of  six  buildings  have  been  dis- 
covered.    It  is  presumed  that  the  walls   were  of 
stone,    there  being    plenty    close    at    hand,    and 
quantities    of  stones  were  found  spread  over  the 
ground  alongside  the  walls,  as  if  they  had  been 
thrown  down.      The  floors  of  some  of  the  rooms 
were  evidently  of  Pennant  stone,   the  roofs  were 
probably    of   stone   tiles,  as  a  few    broken    ones, 
pierced   with  a  hole  for  a  nail,  have  been  found. 
Some  bases  and  capitals  of    pilasters,  and  other 
worked  stones,  have  been  met  with,  which  shows 
that  the  buildings  were  fairly  important.      Near 
the  east  end  of  the  field  is  a  mound  much  reduced 
in  size,   built  up  of    thin  stones  laid  on  the  flat. 
Just  below  the  surface  are  a  wall  and  part  of  the 
cross  walls.      To   the    south  of   this  a  trench  had 
been    cut    through    the    rock    about    6  ft.   deep, 
extending  to  the  brow  7  ft.  wide  at  top.  and  3  ft. 
at  bottom.     To   the  north   was   a   similar  trench 
about  44  ft.  long,     At  2  ft.   8  in.  from  the  surface 
was  a  bed  of  burnt  material,  6  in.  to  8  in.  thick, 
5  ft.  to  3J  ft.  wide.     Above  this  were  two  Roman 
coins,  bronze  fibula,  a  small  finger-ring,  &c.  ;  and 
below  it  animal  bones  (Bos  longi/rons,  &c),    and 
fragments  of  pre-Roman  pottery.     At  the  west  end 
of    the    field    several    trenches    were  cut  to  the 
boundary  wall.     In  each  case  it  was  seen  to  have 
been   built  on   a   bank   of    thin    stones  laid  flat. 
About  6  ft.  of  this  wall  were  pulled  down,  and  a 
cutting  made  through  the  bank,  when  it  was  found 
that  the  bank  had  been  built  on  the  foundation  of 
a  building  which  extended  from  this  field  into  the 
next.     In    the    bank    were    three    Roman    coins. 
Amongst    the    relics  unearthed  during  the  three 
years'   work   were — of    bronze   a    mosaic    brooch, 
fibulce,  armlets,  finger-rings,  tweezers,  spoon,  &c.  ; 
of  iron,  a  fibula,  knives,  keys,  hobnails,  parts  of 
shoes    for   horses,    ponies,    and    bullocks,  an  axe, 
part  of  currency   bar,    &c.  ;   of    sundries  a  great 
variety — bits  of  glass,   bone  pins,  flint  scrapers, 
spindle    whirls,  rubbers,  whetstones,  querns,   lead 
and  iron  ore,  and  a  quantity  of  potterj',   including 
some  stamped   Samian.      The  coins  included  one 
rude  British  and  234  Roman,  the  latter  covering  a 
period  of  about  270  years,  from  Antoninus  Pius  to 
tho  beginning  of  the    fifth    century.     Four  stone 
(oolite)  coffins,   hewn  out  of  the  solid,  were  dis- 
covered.      Two  contained    female  skeletons,    and 
two  male.      They  lay  E.    and  W.,  head  to   W.  ; 
N.W.  to   S.E.,  head  N.W.  ;  E.  and  W.,  head  to 
E.  ;  and  N.  and  S. ,  head  to  N.     There  were  also 
two  skeletons  without  coffins  :  one,  a  man,  lying 
on  his  side,  N.  and  S.,  head  to  N.,  facing  E. ;  the 
other,  an  old  woman,  buried  face  downwards,  the 
head  protected  by  stono  forming  an  arch  over  it ; 
she  lay   E.   and   W.,  head   to   W.     Other  human 
skulls  and  bones  were  met  with,  placed  in  a  heap. 
Mr.  Bush  stated  that    the  work  throughout  had 
been  under  the  supervision  of  Mr.  Gerald   Grey 
and  himself ;  the  Rev.  H.  H.  Winwood   had    ren- 
dered    valuable    assistance  ;     the     Rev.     W.     T. 
Blathwayt,  of  Durham    Park,    the   owner   of   the 
field  as  well  as  of  the  greater  part  of  the  Down, 
had  not    only    readily    given    permission    for  the 
explorations,  but  had  also  left  in  Mr.  Bush's  hands 
the  arrangement  of  the  relics.     These  have  been 


placed  in  the  museum   of   the    Literary  Institution, 
Bath.         Mr.     Bu«h     exhihit/Ml     Nome     Nan 
pottery    of    an    unuauul    character,     several    flat 
circular  HtoncN  worked  in  oolite,  and  a  quantity  of 
white  lias  moulds  of  various  forma. 

Prof.  p.  Haverfield  Huggehted,  as  a  working 
hypothesis,  that  the  Little  Down  hite.  wan  occupied 
shortly  lx;fore  the  Roman  period,  and  that  the 
OOOnpanta  practised  metal  working.  Two  of  the 
fibula,  the  Nilver  British  coin,  and  'if  correctly 
identified)  the  piece  of  UUIieuuj  l<ar  of  iron,  belong 
to  their  time  ;  the  pieces  of  crude  copper,  iron 
slag,  and  lead  indicate  metallurgy ;  and  the  moulds 
in  white  local  lias  may  well  Ixith  be  ascribed  to 
the  suggested  date  and  be  taken  as  evidanoi 
metal  industry.  These  moulds  are  remarkahle, 
and  almost  unique.  The  only  parallels  known  to 
him  are  the  moulds  for  bronze  ornamented  strainers, 
jugs,  and  saucepans  which  have  been  found  in 
Egypt,  and  are  ascribed  by  Bohreiber  to  theGrasco- 
Alexandrian  artists.  But  these  Egyptian  pieces 
are  more  classical  in  detail.  The  Little  Down 
moulds,  intended  apparently  for  the  handles  of 
patera'  or  mirrors  and  for  small  ornaments,  aro 
ruder,  and  the  treatment  of  the  bird's  head  on  the 
"attachments"  of  the  handles  shows  much  the 
same  "degradation "  of  design  as  appears  on  many 
British  coins.  Prof.  Haverfield,  however,  had 
never  seen  vessels  actually  corresponding  to  these 
moulds,  and  the  ribbing  of  the  handles  could  be 
paralleled  only  from  Roman  glass  jugs  used  in  this 
country.  The  painted  pottery  found  on  the  site 
has  also  occurred  at  Silchester  ;  it  has  apparently 
affinities  with  Gaulish  and  other  continental  Celtic 
pottery. 

Mr.  W.  H.  St.  John  Hope  stated  that  several 
specimens  of  the  turned  disks  of  oolite  had  been 
found  at  Silchester  about  the  basilica  and  forum  in 
1892,  and  were  thought  by  Mr.  Fox  and  himself 
to  be  architectural  ornaments,  perhaps  of  the  forum 
gateway,  &c. 

Royal  Society  of  Litekatuke. — Jan.  22. — 
Lord  Collins  in  the  chair  — Prof.  J.  B. Mayor  read 
a  paper  on  'Tolstoy  as  Shakespearean  Critic.* 
'  King  Lear '  being  regarded  by  many  as  Shak- 
speare's  masterpiece,  Tolstoy  uses  this  play  to  test 
the  quality  of  Shakspeare's  dramatic  work  in 
general,  and  he  finds  him  deficient  in  two  of  the 
chief  elements  of  true  poetry  :  greatness  of  subject, 
and  beauty  of  form.  For  the  former  Shakspe.n.:c- 
substitutes  mere  outward  greatness,  as  may  be 
seen  by  a  glance  at  his  dramatis  persona,  and  he 
has  no  sympathy  with  those  in  humble  position. 
He  worships  authority,  and  is  indifferent  to 
progress  of  every  kind.  Beauty  of  form  con^ 
mainly  in  the  adaptation  of  the  language  to  tho 
speaker,  but  Shakspeare  has  only  one  pompous, 
artificial  language,  which  he  puts  into  the  mouths 
of  all  his  characters.  The  answer  to  these  charges 
is  that  Shakspeare  sets  far  more  store  by  greatness 
of  character  than  greatness  of  position,  yet  thelat  tcr 
has  a  dramatic  value  of  its  own.  Beauty  of  form  con- 
sists not  merely  in  the  correspondence  of  the  language 
to  the  speaker,  but  in  that  larger  correspondence 
of  thoughts,  feelings,  words,  and  actions  which  we 
knowr  as  character.  An  illustration  may  be  offered 
from  the  difference  in  the  characters  of  Goneril  and 
Regan.  Shakspeare's  greatest  effects  are  some- 
times produced  by  extreme  simplicity  of  speech,  as 
in  the  case  of  Cordelia.  Tolstoy  is,  however, 
justified  in  objecting  to  the  Falstafnan  speech  of 
Kent  to  the  steward.  Tolstoy  denies  to  Shak- 
speare the  power  of  characterization.  All  his 
characters,  he  says,  are  taken  from  the  old  plays 
or  chronicles,  which  provide  him  with  his  subjects  ; 
and  they  are  almost  always  weakened  or  destroyed 
in  his  remodelling,  as  maybe  seen  in  '  Lear,'  which 
he  contrasts  at  length  with  the  old  play  of  '  Loir.' 
The  charge  of  anachronism,  which  he  brings  against 
the  former,  is  more  applicable  to  the  latter  ;  but  it 
is  a  charge  without  point  or  meaning  :  atmosphere 
and  environment  are  the  Shakspearean  equivalents 
of  time  and  place.  The  old  play  has  beauties  of 
its  own,  but  all  the  characters  are  weaker,  and  the 
play  throughout  is  on  a  lower  plane,  than  Shak- 
speare's. Prof.  Mayor  then  considered  Tolst 
further  objections  to  the  addition  of  a  subordinate 

Elot  in  '  Lear,'  to  the  part  of  the  fool,  to  the 
linding  of  Gloster,  to  the  accumulation  of  deaths, 
and  the  failure  of  poetical  justice  in  the  closing 
scene  ;  above  all,  to  that  utter  absence  of  moral 
and  religious  principles  which  was,  and  still  is,  the 
I  chief  cause  of  Shakspeare's  popularity  with  the 
upper  classes.     He  also  attempted  to  explain  how 


No.  4187,  Jan.  25,  1908 


THE    ATHEN^UM 


107 


a  man  of  genius  like  Tolstoy  should  fail  so  entirely 
to  appreciate  the  mightier  genius  of  Shakspeare. — 
Canon  Beeching,  the  Rev.  John  Eames,  and  the 
Chairman  discussed  the  subject. 

British  Archaeological  Association. — Jan. 
15. — The  subject  of  the  "denehole"  having  again 
arisen,  owing  to  the  discovery  of  fresh  specimens 
near  Erith,  three  papers  on  this  question  were 
submitted  to  the  meeting.  In  the  first  Mr.  T.  V. 
Holmes  restated  his  opinion  that  these  pits  were 
not  mines  for  chalk,  and  inclined  to  the  theory  that 
they  were  grain  pits. — Mr.  J.  G.  N.  Clift,  Hon. 
Secretary,  dealt  with  the  question  in  an  original 
manner,  taking  each  of  the  various  theories  in  turn, 
and  demonstrating  mathematically  the  impossibility 
of  all  except  the  chalk-mine  theory.  In  dealing 
with  this  he  took  as  his  text  the  dictum  of  the 
Hangman's  Wood  Exploration  Committee  that 
because  there  was  no  sign  of  any  connexion  between 
the  pits  underground,  and  because  they  appeared 
to  have  been  kept  carefully  separated  the  one  from 
the  other,  they  could  not  be  called  chalk-pits.  Mr. 
Clift  maintained  that,  by  the  showing  of  their  own 
report  of  the  explorations,  no  such  careful  separa- 
tion of  the  pits  had  in  fact  ever  existed,  and  that 
therefore  the  strongest  argument  against  the  chalk- 
pit theory  was  unsupported  by  any  evidence  worthy 
of  serious  consideration. — Mr.  R.  H.  Forster 
followed  with  a  paper  dealing  principally  with  the 
chalk-mine  theory.  He  maintained  that  the 
objections  which  have  been  brought  against  this 
view  were  based  on  misconception  and  on  the 
assumption  that  the  pits  were  of  very  early  origin  : 
of  this  there  was  no  evidence,  nor  was  there  any 
better  proof  of  the  supposed  concealment  of  the 
shafts.  Mr.  Forster  gave  it  as  his  considered 
opinion  that  the  pits  in  Hangman's  Wood  were 
chalk  pits  pure  and  simple. — Dr.  Birch  doubted  if 
the  excavations  could  have  been  made  by  other 
than  skilled  miners,  and  would  not  accept  the  idea 
that  they  were  the  work  of  agricultural  labourers. — 
Mr.  Miller  Christy  ably  defended  the  views  of  the 
opponents  of  the  chalk-pit  theory,  but  would  not 
express  a  preference  for  any  of  the  rival  hypotheses. 
— Mr.  T.  E.  Forster,  as  a  mining  engineer, 
endorsed  Mr.  Cliffs  views  as  to  the  ease  and 
comparative  cheapness  of  sinking  shafts  through 
the  Thanet  sand.  He  further  said  that  the  situa- 
tion had  been  obscured  by  an  attempt  to  give  these 
pits  a  romantic  interest ;  in  his  opinion  they  were 
simply  chalk  pits,  and  as  such  they  were  quite 
normal. 

Entomological. — Jan.  15. — Annual  Meeting. — 
The  following  were  elected  as  officers  and  to  serve 
on  the  Council  for  the  session  1908-9  :  President, 
Mr.  C.  0.  Waterhouse ;  Treasurer,  Mr.  A.  H. 
Jones  ;  Secretaries,  Mr.  H.  Rowland-Brown  and 
Commander  J.  J.  Walker  ;  Librarian,  Mr.  G.  C. 
Champion  ;  Other  Members  of  the  Council,  Dr. 
T.  A.  Chapman,  Mr.  A.  J.  Chitty,  Mr.  A.  Harrison, 
Mr.  W.  J.  Kayc,  Dr.  G.  B.  Longstaff,  Mr.  H. 
Main,  Mr.  G.  A.  K.  Marshall,  Prof.  R.  Meldola, 
T'rof.  L.  C.  Miall,  Prof.  E.  B.  Poulton,  Mr.  R. 
Shelford,  and  Mr.  G.  H.  Verrall.— The  Report 
for  the  session  1907-8  showed  that  the  Society 
had  increased  considerably,  and  that  the  number 
of  ordinary  Fellows  exceeded  that  of  any  previous 
year  since  the  foundation  of  the  Society  in 
1833. — The  President  then  read  his  address, 
which  dealt  chiefly  with  the  present  unsatis- 
factory state  of  nomenclature  in  entomological 
science.  He  also  advocated  the  establishment  of  a 
central  "type"  museum,  on  the  lines  of  an  experi- 
mental collection  now  formed  at  South  Kensington, 
for  the  purpose  of  lending  specimens  to  institutions, 
whereby,  it  was  suggested,  the  existing  confusion 
might  be  avoided,  and  the  general  work  of  identifi- 
es! i"ii  made  easier. 


Meteorological.  —Jan.  15.—  Annual  Meeting.— 
Dr.  H.  R.  Mill,  President,  in  the  chair.— The 
Council  in  their  Report  expressed  their  pleasure  at 
the  marked  and  increasing  interest  which  is  being 
taken  in  the  science  of  meteorology  throughout  the 
country.  The  lectm es  and  exhibitions  inaugurated 
by  the  Society  are  bearing  fruit,  as  shown  by 
the  large  increase  in  the  number  of  Fellows. — After 
the  Report  had  been  adopted,  the  President  pre- 
senter! the  Xymons  Memorial  Gold  Medal  to  M. 
Leon  Teiaaerene  de  Bort  of  Paris,  this  having  been 
awarded  to  him  by  the  Council  "in  consideration 
of  the  distinguished  work  which  he  lias  done  in 
connexion   with  meteorological  science,  especially 


the  study  of  the  upper  air."  The  President  is  the 
Director  of  the  British  Rainfall  Organization, 
and  so  chose  for  his  address  the  subject  of  '  Map- 
Studies  of  Rainfall.'  He  said  that  the  special 
problem  which  he  had  before  him  was  to  deter- 
mine the  normal  annual  rainfall  of  the  British 
Isles  in  relation  to  the  general  configuration 
of  the  land,  and  to  ascertain  how  the  rainfall  of 
individual  years  and  months,  and  even  of  the  con- 
stituent showers,  was  related  to  the  normal.  The 
most  useful  method  of  working  towards  this  end 
was  by  the  preparation  and  study  of  maps  of 
rainfall.  He  then  described  the  methods  he 
adopted  in  preparing  annual,  monthly,  and  daily 
maps  of  the  distribution  of  rainfall,  and  also 
referred  to  cyclonic  and  thunderstorm  rains.  The 
rainfall  showed  an  unmistakable  relation  to 
configuration. 

Institution  of  Civil  Engineers. — Jan.  14. — 
Sir  William  Matthews,  President,  in  the  chair. — It 
was  announced  that  20  Associate  Members  had 
been  transferred  to  the  class  of  Members,  and  that 
20  candidates  had  been  admitted  as  Students. 
The  monthly  ballot  resulted  in  the  election  of  5 
Members,  20  Associate  Members,  and  4  Associates. 


Historical.—  Jan.  16.— The  Rev.  Dr.  W.  Hunt, 
President,  in  the  chair. — A  paper  was  read  by  Mr. 
Basil  Williams  on  '  Some  Unpublished  Notices  of 
the  Family  of  Yorke  under  George  III.'  The 
President  spoke  after  the  paper,  and  was  followed 
by  the  Rev.  A.  B.  Beaven.  —The  Rev.  H.  G.  Woods, 
Master  of  the  Temple,  the  Rev.  T.  T.  Norgate,  the 
Rev.  R.  F.  Porter,  Mr.  Stampa,  and  Mr.  Vickers 
were  elected  Fellows. 


Society  of  Biblical  Archeology. — Jan.  15. — 
Annual  Meeting. — Mr.  W.  H.  Rylands  in  the  chair. 
— The  Council's  Report  and  accounts  were  read. 
The  latter  showed  that  the  number  of  members  had 
increased  by  six  during  the  past  year,  while  the 
Society's  financial  position  continued  to  be 
extremely  strong. — Mr.  F.  Legge  read  a  paper  on 
1  The  Titles  of  the  Thinite  Kings,'  illustrated  by 
lantern-slides.  He  traced  the  gradual  evolution 
of  the  five  distinctive  titles  used  by  the  Kings  of 
Egypt  back  from  the  reign  of  Ptolemy  Epiphanes, 
and  showed  how  they  developed,  under  the  first 
three  dynasties,  from  the  simple  cognizance  or 
"  banner-name"  which  designated  the  Pharaoh  as 
"the  Hawk  "  par  excellence,  or  as  the  chief  of  the 
ruling  tribe  which  bore  that  animal  as  their  totem. 
Mr.  Scott-Moncrieff,  Mr.  M.  Rouse,  and  the  Chair- 
man also  spoke. 

meetings  next  week. 

Mok.  Institute  of  Actuaries.  5.—'  On  the  Construction  of  Mortality 
Tallies  from  Census  Returns  and  Records  of  Deaths,'  Mr.  fi. 
King. 

—  London  Institution,  5.—'  Prehistoric  Man  on  the  Highlands  of 

East  Surrey,'  Mr.  A.  E.  Carey. 

—  Society  of    Arts,  8.— 'The   Theory  and   Practice   of   Clock- 

Making.'  Lecture    II.,   Mr.  H.  H.  Cunynghaine.     (Cantor 
Lecture.) 

—  Surveyors'  Institution,  8. 

—  Geographical,     8.:I0.— '  Exploration     and     Climbing    in     the 
Gurhwal  Himalayas,'  Dr.  T.  G.  Longstaff. 

Royal  Institution,  3.— 'Roman   Britain:    its    Frontiers   and 

Garrison,'  Prof.  F.  J.  Havcrlield. 
Society  of   Arts,   4.30.— 'The    Development   of   Colonial  Self- 

Government  in  the  Nineteenth  Century,'  Mr.  A.  Berriedale 

Keith.    (Colonial  Section.) 
Institution  of    Civil    Engineers,    8 —Discussion  on   'Expert* 

mental    Investigations  of  the  Stresses    in   Masonry   Dams 

subjected    to    Water    Pressure';    'Stresses    in    Dams:    an 

Experimental    Investigation    by    Means    of     India-rubber 

Models' ;  and  'Stresses  in  Masonry  Dams.' 
Anthropological  Institute,  8.30.— Annual  Meeting  :  President's 

Address,  "Anthropology  in  the  Eighteenth  Century.' 
Society  of  Arts,  H.  — 'The  New  Patent  Act.'  Mr.  J.  W.  Gordon. 
Royal   Institution,   3.— 'The  Story  of  the  Spanish   Armada, 

Lecture  I.,  Major  Martin  Hume. 

—  Royal,  4..'i0. 

—  London  Institution,  6.—'  Municipal  and  Company  Finance  :  a 

Contrast,'  Mr.  A.  J.  Windus. 

—  Society  of  Antiquaries,  8.30.— 'Rei>ort  a6  Local  Secretary  for 

Rutland,'  Mr.  V.  It.  Crowthcr-Ucyum. 
Fki.      Royal  Institution,  !).—' Recent  Researches  on  Radio-activitv,' 

Prof.  E.  Rutherford. 
Sat.      Royal  Institution,  3.— -'Anthony  Van  Dyck,'  Lecture  I.,  Mr. 

Lionel  Cust. 


Tuns. 


Wkd. 

Tut  hs 


Science  (fSossip. 

The  death  in  his  sixty-first  year  is  an- 
nounced from  Loipsic  of  tho  distinguished 
statistician  Prof.  Hasse,  tho  Diroctor  of 
the  Statistical  Office  in  Leipsic,  and  Pro- 
fossor  of  Statistics  and  Colonial  Policy  at 
that  University.  He  bolongod  to  the  ex- 
treme Nationalists,  and  was  tho  President 
of  tho  Altdeutscho  Verband,  and  from 
1893  to  1903  represented  tho  National 
Liberal    party    in    tho    Reichstag.     Among 


his  writings  are  '  Geschichte  der  Leipziger 
Messen  '  '  Die  Wohnungsverhaltnisse  der 
armeren  Volksklassen  in  Leipzig,'  and 
'  Kolonien  und  Kolonialpolitik.' 

The  Neue  Ziircher  Zeitung  reports  that 
last  year  the  Loetschen  glacier  receded 
11  '50  metres,  the  Durand  glacier  12,  the 
Grand  Desett  15,  and  Mont  Fort  26. 

Some  particulars  of  Dr.  Sven  Hedin's 
movements  are  given  in  a  letter  from  the 
explorer,  dated  Gargunsa,  November  8th 
last,  which  is  published  in  the  Pioneer.  He 
was  just  leaving  for  Khotan,  and  seemed 
uncertain  whether  he  would  proceed  in  the 
spring  to  Peking  or  to  India.  He  claims  to 
have  discovered  the  true  source  of  the 
Brahmaputra  (Sanpu)  at  Kubi  Tsampo ; 
and  he  pronounces  Marium  Chur — the 
previously  latest-discovered  source — merely 
"  one  of  the  smallest  tributaries  from  the 
west."  He  then  discovered  what  he  calls 
"  the  real  source  of  the  Indus  "  at  the  back 
of  Kailas.  Dr.  Sven  Hedin  also  warns  us 
that  "  the  map  of  Tibet  will  hereafter  look 
very  different  from  even  the  latest  edition 
of  the  Royal  Geographical  Society's  Map." 

The  geographical  results  of  the  French 
Mission  under  the  charge  of  Commandant 
Lenfant,  who  recently  arrived  in  Paris, 
appear  considerable.  Among  these  may  be 
mentioned  the  discovery  of  the  sources  of 
the  Nana  at  an  altitude  of  nearly  5,000  ft., 
and  also  of  the  Louham  Bahr-Sara,  which 
the  French  officer  considers  to  be  incontest- 
ably  the  parent  stream  of  the  Chari,  the  two 
joining  near  Fort  Archambault.  Another 
important  discovery  was  that  of  a  thoroughly 
practicable  route  by  the  Peunde  river  from 
Carnot  to  Hal,  by  which  cattle  can  be 
transported  from  Tchad  to  Sangha. 

On  Thursday,  the  16th  inst.,  the  Cam- 
bridge Senate  passed  without  opposition  the 
Grace  for  establishing  a  Diploma  in 
Anthropology.  The  Board  of  Anthropo- 
logical Studies  established  some  years  ago 
had  already  the  power  of  approving  properly 
qualified  candidates  for  the  D.Litt.  and 
D.Sc.  degrees.  The  new  diploma  will  afford 
an  opportunity  to  junior  candidates  and 
to  "  Advanced  Students  "  of  obtaining  a 
hall-mark  for  their  work.  It  will  only  be 
given  for  research,  unlike  the  Oxford 
diploma,  which  is  given  by  examination. 

Sir  George  Darwin,  F.R.S.,  Plumian 
Professor  of  Astronomy  at  Cambridge,  has 
been  elected  a  Corresponding  Member  of 
the  Imperial  Academy  of  Sciences  at 
St.  Petersburg. 

Mr.  Lynn  has  in  the  press  a  new 
(ninth)  edition  of  his  handy  little  book  on 
1  Remarkable  Eclipses,'  which  will  appear 
early  next  month.  It  is  brought  up  to  the 
present  year,  and  has  as  a  frontispiece  a 
reproduction  of  one  of  the  Astronomer 
Royal's  photographs  of  the  total  eclipse  of 
August  30th,  1905. 

Mr.  McLean's  attempt  to  observe  the 
total  eclipse  of  the  sun  on  the  3rd  inst.  at 
Flint  Island,  in  the  South  Pacific,  was 
partially  successful,  the  sky  being  clear 
during  the  latter  part  of  the  totality,  when 
some  photographs  of  the  corona  were 
obtained.  '  ? 

The  Gold  Medal  of  the  Royal  Astronomical 
Society  has  this  year  been  awarded  to 
Sir  David  Gill,  who  recently  retired  from  tho 
directorate  of  the  Royal  Observatory  at  the 
Cape  of  Good  Hope. 

We  regret  to  announce  the  death  on  the 
14th  inst.  in  the  eighty-first  vear  of  his  age 
of  Mr.  R,  L.  J.  Eliery,  C.M.G.,  F.R.S.,  the 
first  Government  Astronomer  of  the  colony 
of  Victoria.  The  observatory  was  founded 
at  Williamstown  in  1853.  but  removed  to  a 
more  suitable  site    at    Melbourno    in    1863. 


108 


T  II  E     AT  II  E  X  .K  r  M 


\m.  4187,  Jan.  85,  L908 


It  whs  provided  in  1K70,  with  a  Orubb 
nfleotor,  4  ft.  in  aperture,  and  <>f  20  ft.  f<  oal 
length.  Mr.  Cilery,  who  vrai  horn  at 
Crauleigh,  Surrey,  on  Jury  nth,  1987,  first 
u.  nt    t  .    Australia    in     1857.      His    work 

included  not  only  astronomical  and  meteoro- 
logical observations,  hut  also  the  geodetic  ul 
Survey  of  the  colony.  Se  retired  in  1805, 
but  held  the  post  of  Chairman  of  the  Board 
of  Visitors  of  the  Ohservatory  till  hisdeath. 
lie  was  for  twenty-three  years  President  of 
the  Royal  Society  of  Victoria.  Besides  all 
this,  he  organised,  and  for  a  time  com- 
manded, the  Victorian  Torpedo  Corps  (now 
called  the  Submarine  Mining  Engineers),  on 
retiring  from  which  in  1889  he  was  given 
the  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel.  He  was 
succeeded  at  the  Observatory  by  M.  Barncchi. 
M.  Baillaud,  who  had  been  Director  of 
the  Observatory  at  Toulouse  during  the  last 
thirty  years,  has  recently  been  appointed  to 
succeed  the  late  M.  Lcewy  as  Director  of  the 
National  Observatory  at  Paris. 


FINE   ARTS 


History 
Majolica. 
&  Co.) 


and 

By 


Description    of 
M.    L.    Solon. 


Italian 
(Cassell 


In  the  presence  of  some  choice  collection 
of  Italian  maiolica  it  is  easy  to  understand 
how  the  texts  dealing  with  this  resplend- 
ent vasework  have  come  to  occupy  so 
large  a  space  on  the  bookshelves  of 
students  of  ceramic  art.  Nature  alone 
in  her  most  brilliant  aspects  is  capable  of 
setting  forth  such  a  feast  of  rich  and 
harmonious  colours.  In  the  other  forms 
of  Italian  Renaissance  art  colour-schemes 
equally  potent  and  joyous  were  not  un- 
known ;  but  being  in  materials  of  which 
the  durability  was  more  or  less  fleeting, 
they  have  by  the  action  of  time  lost  much 
of  their  pristine  splendour.  Thus  it  is 
known  from  contemporary  description 
that  the  frescoes  by  the  Quattrocentisti 
in  the  Sistine  Chapel,  painted  by  command 
cf  Pope  Sixtus  IV.  (1471-84),  were  dazzling 
with  azure  and  gilding,  and  we  also  know 
their  present  state.  Yet  the  colours  in 
the  bust-portrait  of  a  young  man  on  a 
maiolica  tile  which  came  from  the  convent 
of  San  Paolo  at  Parma  (now  at  South 
Kensington  Museum),  and  was  painted 
at  about  the  same  time,  are  to-day  as  clear 
and  resonant  as  when  the  potter  took  the 
tile  from  the  furnace.  The  durability 
of  enamelled  wares,  however,  is  pretty 
much  the  same  wherever  they  were  made, 
but  the  "  quality  "  — to  use  the  term  as 
it  is  understood  by  connoisseurs — in 
which  their  ornamentation  is  painted 
varies  considerably,  and  it  is  precisely 
the  quality  in  the  colour  of  Italian 
maiolica  to  which  it  owes  its  high  place 
in  ceramic  art. 

At  the  same  time  the  Renaissance 
maiolica  painter3  were  not  content  alone 
to  adorn  their  vases  with  beautiful  colour, 
however  fine  in  quality.  They  were 
equally  sensitive  to  the  grace  of  line  and 
form,  decorating  their  wares  with  the 
fanciful  and  imaginative  ornamentation 
of  the  period,  or  combining  with  it  figure 
motives  illustrating  passages  from  sacred 
story  or  the  classic  poets,  sometimes,  also, 
from    popular    literature    of   the    day    cr 


proverbial  sayings  current  among  the 
people.  The  versatility  of  maiolica  design 
was  without  limit.  All  forma  of  the  art 
of  the  time  were  laid  under  contribution 

by  those  indefatigable  potters,  ho  that  in 
the  end  maiolica  became  a  very  microcosm 
of  Renaissance  art.  It  is  this  representa- 
tive oharaoter  which  cannot  fail  to  imp 
the  visitor  when  passing  before  a  well- 
selected  and  well  -  arranged  collec- 
tion of  the  wares,  like  that  at 
the  Britisli  Museum  or  at  South  Ken- 
sington. At  each  step  he  is  reminded 
of  seme  phase  of  the  national  art  cr  some 
famous  name  in  the  national  history  cf 
the  time.  New  it  is  a  masterpiece  by 
Raphael,  Michael  Angelo  or  Signcrelli, 
Donatello  or  Luca  della  Robbia,  which  is 
called  to  remembrance,  and  not  by  a 
servile  copy,  but  by  a  legitimate  adapta- 
tion, honourable  alike  to  the  painter  and 
the  ceramist.  Or  the  attention  is  arrested 
by  fine  bowls  and  vases  emblazoned  with 
the  arms  of  Popes,  like  Pius  II.,  Julius  II., 
or  Leo  X. ;  of  celebrated  writers,  like 
Bembo  and  Guicciardini  ;  and  of  illustrious 
families,  like  the  Medici,  the  Este  (especially 
the  gracious  Isabella),  the  Gonzaga,  and 
innumerable  others. 

An  art  associated  with  names  like 
these,  and  possessing  in  itself  such  splendid 
qualities  of  design  and  colour,  has  already 
secured  immortality,  with  a  consequent 
demand  for  an  adequate  histcry  of  its 
rise  and  evolution.  This,  however,  has 
not  yet  been  achieved,  and  he  is  a  bold 
man  who  would  venture  to  suggest  the 
time  when  it  will  be.  The  initial  difficulty 
arises  from  the  fact  that  no  comprehensive 
record  of  the  art  was  produced  when  the 
documents  referring  to  it  were  in  existence, 
or  when  its  traditions  were  still  fresh  in 
the  memory  of  living  persons.  This 
happened  in  the  case  of  the  architecture, 
painting,  and  sculpture  cf  the  Renaissance, 
and  we  have  only  to  imagine  what  would 
now  be  our  knowledge  of  the  course  cf 
those  arts  in  Italy  if  modern  writers  had 
been  without  Vasari's  '  Lives  '  as  a  basis 
for  their  histories.  Maiolica,  however, 
found  no  Vasari  to  write  the  lives  of  its 
more  famous  masters ;  hence,  when  in 
the  last  century  the  rising  interest  in  the 
art  created  a  desire  for  information  respect- 
ing its  history  and  manufacture,  it  was  dis- 
covered that  the  known  facts  relating  to 
the  one  and  the  otner  were  of  the  scantiest. 
The  history,  in  short,  had  to  be  written 
ab  initio.  It  began  with  the  search  for 
contemporary  documents,  which,  being 
work  of  a  kind  wherein  the  Italian  archiv- 
ists and  archaeologists  are  well  skilled, 
was  mainly  prosecuted  by  Italian  writers. 
At  the  same  time  the  classification  and 
cataloguing  of  the  wares  fell  principally 
to  the  lot  of  transalpine  students  of  the 
art,  on  account  of  its  representation  being 
found  chiefly  in  Western  museums  and 
collections.  In  both  cases  the  amount 
cf  historical  evidence  collected  is  remark- 
able. That  the  explorers  would  now  and 
again  have  to  retrace  their  steps  was 
inevitable  ;  that  errors  of  attribution  in 
the  published  records  of  the  investigations 
would  sometimes  occur  was  to  be  ex- 
pected ;    yet,  regarded  merely  as  a  piece 


of    intelligent    spade-work,    the   evidtt 
Collected   will  stand  comparison  with  any 
Other   similar    research   in   the    history    Of 
artistic  origin-. 

It  is  from  this  mass  <>f  I onstantlv  accu- 
mulating material  that  the  author  who 
undertakes  to  write  the  history  of  maiolica 
has  to  construct  his  narrative.  At  present 
he  can  scarcely  expe<  t  to  set  forth  a 
consecutive  story,  by  reason  of  the  lack 
of  examples  in  the  output  cf  the  maiolica 
potteries  at  one  time  or  another,  or  of  any 
evidence  relating  to  such  times.  He  n 
therefore  pass  over  those  obscure  passages 
as  best  he  may,  confining  his  narratn- 
to  matters  concerning  which  there  is 
tolerable  certainty.  This  is  the  plan 
adopted  by  Mr.  Solon,  whose  previous 
studies  in  the  history  of  French  and 
English  pottery  have  earned  for  him  the 
favourable  consideration  of  all  students 
of  ceramic  art.  That  his  treatment  of 
his  present  subject  is  not  altogether  so 
successful  as  in  his  former  volumes  is 
apparent,  but  on  account  of  the  more 
difficult  matter  he  has  had  to  deal  with, 
this  might  have  been  expected.  When  he 
was  telling  the  story  of  the  French  and 
English  potteries  the  already  published 
texts  were  easily  accessible,  and  generally 
to  be  trusted.  Hence  there  was  little  need 
of  close  research,  or  the  consultation  of 
documents  at  first  hand. 

It  is  otherwise  with  the  maiolica  texts, 
and,  especially  in  the  case  of  the  general 
histories,  it  is  unsafe  for  the  author  to 
compile  from  the  works  of  his  predecessors. 
So  it  has  happened  that  Mr.  Solon  has 
introduced  some  confusion  into  his  account 
of  early  Faventine  maiolica  by  quoting 
a  description  of  the  pottery  made  at 
Faenza  from  '  La  Piazza  Universale,'  by 
an  Italian  writer  Tommaso  Garzoni,  which 
he  states  was  published  in  1485.  The 
description,  with  the  same  date,  is  found 
in  Fortnum's  '  Maiolica  '  (1896),  but  in  his 
case  the  date  is  either  a  slip  or  a  printer's 
error,  since  in  his  South  Kensington 
Catalogue  (1873)  it  is  given  correctly, 
namely,  1585.  From  this  it  would  appear 
that  Mr.  Solon  has  copied  his  description 
from  Fortnum's  latest  work.  Further, 
on  the  same  page  of  '  Maiolica  '  as  the 
Garzoni  quotation  there  is  an  account  of 
an  agreement  between  a  Paduan  noble, 
Isacco  di  Dondi,  and  a  Faventin  bochalaro, 
Giacomo  di  Pietro,  relating  to  a  service 
of  maiolica  that  Giacomo  was  to  make 
for  the  Dondi.  It  was  to  be  beautifully 
ornamented  on  a  fair  white  ground,  and 
the  pieces  were  to  bear  the  Dondi  arms 
cum  oro :  the  agreement  was  dated 
1454.  This  likewise  is  quoted  by  Mr. 
Solon,  but  without  giving  a  reference, 
so  that  it  seems  probable  he  was  again 
copying  from  '  Maiolica.'  Fortnum  notes 
the  words  cum  oro,  and  points  out  that 
gold  was  not  applied  to  niaiolica  till  late 
in  the  sixteenth  century  ;  and  as  to  the 
oro  meaning  lustre,  the  lustre  process 
was  never  practised  at  Faenza,  ncr  any- 
where else  in  Italy  in  the  middle  of  the 
fifteenth  century.  Fortnum,  however, 
and  also  other  writers  of  his  time,  accepted 
the  agreement  as  genuine.  This  precious 
document,  which  has  never  been  seen — 


No.  4187,  Jan.  25,  1908 


THE     ATHENJEUM 


109 


its  first  publisher,  Prof.  Malagola,  stating 
that  he  had  been  furnished  with  only  a 
copy  of  it — is  now  believed  to  be  a  forgery. 

From  the  selection  of  the  vase  forming 
the  frontispiece  to  Mr.  Solon's  volume 
it  may  be  inferred  that  his  artistic  prefer- 
ence lies  with  the  later  rather  than  the 
earlier  schools  of  maiolica.  The  object 
in  question  is  an  Urbino  vase  at  South 
Kensington,  by  Orazio  Fontana.  Its 
extreme  elegance  of  shape,  small  foot, 
slender  snake  handles,  and  smooth  surface 
covered  with  dainty,  if  trivial  and  un- 
impressive ornamentation  surrounding  a 
medallion  painted  with  the  delicacy  of  a 
miniature,  all  proclaim  that  the  decadence 
was  at  hand,  if  it  had  not  already  arrived. 
As  a  masterpiece  of  its  period  its  historical 
importance  is  considerable,  and  it  might 
therefore  have  been  expected  that  the 
author  would  have  more  to  say  about 
such  a  famous  example  of  Urbino  maiolica 
than  merely  to  state  its  derivation  and 
maker's  name.  The  descriptions  of  the 
objects  illustrated  in  works  on  maiolica 
are  sometimes  made  the  vehicle  for 
valuable  information  respecting  their 
design,  technique,  or  history,  as,  for 
instance,  in  the  catalogues  of  Fortnum, 
Darcel,  and  Sir  J.  C.  Robinson.  Mr. 
Solon,  however,  has  been  content  to 
cenfine  the  descriptions  of  his  illustrations 
to  little  more  than  their  mere  title,  and 
this  is  not  always  accurate.  We  note,  for 
■example,  that  the  large  plateau  with  the 
hare  and  artichoke  decoration  at  South 
Kensington,  on  Plate  II.,  is  stated  to  be 
"  Sgraffiato,"  whereas  the  ornament  is  not 
incised,  but  painted.  The  plateau  happens 
to  be  a  specimen  of  a  remarkable  fifteenth- 
century  ware  of  which  fewer  than  a  dozen 
pieces  have  come  down  to  our  time — 
South  Kensington  possessing  three,  and 
Berlin,  the  Louvre,  Sevres,  and  the 
Hotel  de  Cluny  one  each. 

On  one  occasion  Mr.  Solon  has  departed 
from  his  usual  custom,  devoting  three 
pages  to  the  discussion  of  the  piece  illus- 
trated in  Plate  IV.,  which  is  the  roundel 
representing  '  Gathering  Olives  '  from  the 
famous  series  of  ceiling  tiles  by  Luca 
della  Robbia,  and  one  of  the  glories  of 
Soutn  Kensington.  It  will  be  remembered 
that  the  entire  series  of  twelve  roundels 
is  described  by  Sir  J.  C.  Robinson  in  his 
'  Catalogue  of  Italian  Sculpture,'  &c. 
(1862),  the  conclusion  arrived  at  being 
that  it  formed  a  portion  of  the  roof 
decoration  of  a  small  writing  cabinet 
which  was  in  the  palace  built  by  Michelozzo 
Michelozzi  for  Cosimo  de'  Medici,  and 
which  Vasari  and  Filarete  state  was 
decorated  by  Luca  in  enamelled  terra- 
cotta. The  evidence  for  the  attribution 
of  the  roundels  to  Luca  is  stated  with 
singular  lucidity  and  fairness,  so  as  to 
carry  conviction  to  an  impartial  reader 
who  has  followed  the  argument  and  is 
conversant  with  fifteenth-century  Floren- 
tine art.  The  evidence  certainly  satisfied 
Fortnum,  who  incorporated  the  descrip- 
tion in  the  '  Catalogue  of  Italian  Sculpture' 
bodily  into  his  Catalogue  of  1873  and  his 
'  Maiolica  '  of  1896.  Some  later  writers 
have,  however,  expressed  doubts  respect- 
ing   the    attribution,    but    on    obviously 


insufficient  grounds.  Thus  Prof.  Caval- 
lucci  and  the  late  E.  Molinier  in  their 
volume  '  Les  della  Robbia '  say  they 
would  be  inclined  to  accept  the  attribution 
if  they  knew  of  other  analogous  work  by 
Luca,  presumably  meaning  enamelled 
painting  in  blue  camaieu.  They  seem  to 
have  forgotten  that  the  roundels  show 
analogous  technique  with  other  known 
work  by  Luca,  proving  that  they  came 
from  his  bottega  :  the  fact  being  that  the 
authors,  like  some  other  last-century 
writers  on  maiolica,  paid  little  attention 
to  its  technical  side.  But  with  regard  to 
the  method  of  representation  in  the 
roundels,  there  is  nothing  surprising  in 
the  fact  that  Luca,  who  would  have  learnt 
the  art  of  enamelling  when  he  was  a 
goldsmith,  and  whose  drawings  "  lamog- 
giate  di  biacca  "  (silver-point  drawings  on 
blue  paper  heightened  with  white)  are 
praised  by  Vasari,  should  on  occasion 
employ  the  same  charming  system  and 
colour-scheme  in  his  tile-decoration.  More- 
over, the  method  is  admirably  adapted 
to  its  purpose,  where  more  realistic 
representation  would  disturb  the  repose 
appropriate  to  the  decoration  of  a  small 
writing  cabinet.  No  less  happy  is  the 
choice  of  the  motives  themselves,  namely, 
the  impersonation  of  the  agricultural 
operations  of  the  year  by  figures  of 
husbandmen  engaged  in  the  work  proper 
to  each  of  the  months — the  labourers 
being  lithe  Tuscan  peasants  such  as 
those  who  worked  at  the  Medici  farms 
at  Careggi  and  Caffagiolo,  where  both 
Cosimo  and  his  son  Piero  di  Cosimo 
delighted  to  dwell  when  they  could  get 
away  from  their  official  duties  at  Florence. 
It  is  even  not  unlikely  that  the  subjects 
were  chosen  by  the  pater  patriae  himself. 

We  can  readily  understand  that  Italian 
fifteenth-century  pastoral  pictures,  where- 
in the  actors  are  living  Tuscan  peasants, 
may  not  greatly  interest  Mr.  Solon,  and 
also  that  he  may  not  agree  with  Sir  J.  C. 
Robinson's  conclusions  respecting  these 
particular  ones,  although  the  fact  of  so 
acute  a  student  as  Molinier  not  detecting 
a  flaw  in  the  argument  or  an  error  in  its 
statement  might  have  given  him  pause. 
However,  if  he  thought  otherwise,  he  was, 
at  least,  bound  to  produce  satisfactory 
reasons  for  his  dissent.  Instead  of  these 
we  have  only  a  dogmatic  assertion  of 
opinion  unsupported  by  a  tittle  of  evidence. 
The  impression  we  receive  is  that  of  a 
writer  referring  to  objects — as  the  Robbia 
enamel  paintings  on  the  flat  at  Florence 
— which  he  has  never  seen,  but  describes 
at  second  hand.  Otherwise  it  is  incon- 
ceivable that  he,  a  ceramic  artist,  having 
once  stood  before  the  famous  Robbia 
painting  of  the  Eternal  Father  between 
two  adoring  angels,  should  speak  of  it  as 
"  a  circular  plaque  imbedded  over  the 
door  of  the  Museo  del  Duomo "  ;  in 
point  of  fact,  it  is  a  lunette  above  a  door 
in  the  vestibule  of  the  Opera  del  Duomo  ; 
nor  is  it  a  plaque,  for  it  is  composed  of 
three  or  four  pieces  put  together  after  the 
Delia  Robbia  fashion  ;  and  there  are  other 
such  errors  in  the  passage.  It  is  true 
that  he  does  not  plainly  state  that  tin- 
roundels  are  not  by  Luca  ;   he  leaves  that 


to  "  some  subsequent  biographers,"  him- 
self content  with  just  hinting  a  fault  here, 
and  hesitating  a  dislike  there,  so  that  the 
reader  may  conclude  that,  the  roundels 
being  insignificant,  it  is  unimportant  by 
whom  they  were  made.  We  must  confess 
to  preferring  Mr.  Solon  on  his  own 
ground,  where  pitfalls  are  almost  unknown, 
and  problems  cease  from  troubling ; 
especially  when  the  illustrations  of  the 
volume  are  his  own  clever  etchings,  and 
masterly  pen-and-ink  drawings  in  the  text. 


THE    INTERNATIONAL    SOCIETY    OF 

PAINTERS,    SCULPTORS,    AND 

GRAVERS. 

II. 

The  two  larger  rooms  do  not  offer  a  like 
number  of  interesting  works  to  correspond 
with  their  greater  area.  In  the  West 
Gallery  the  best  two  pieces  of  painting  come 
to  us  from  an  earlier  generation — Renoir's 
Portrait  of  Madame  M.  and  Monet's 
Fruits.  The  former  has  already  done 
duty  at  one  of  the  earlier  of  these 
International  shows,  but  is  nevertheless 
welcome.  It  is  an  extraordinary  painting, 
full  of  sap,  yet  of  wonderful  refinement, 
a  riot  of  strange  and  vivid  hues  wondrously 
in  accord,  a  harmony  in  which  the  biting, 
translucent  green  of  the  leaf  of  an  arum  lily 
and  the  flood  of  golden  light  that  fills  the 
bird-cage  are  exquisite  notes.  Monet's  still 
life  is  a  technical  marvel  of  gleaming  paint 
— in  heavy  impasto,  yet  subtly  modulated. 
Compared  with  these,  Mr.  William  Nichol- 
son's The  Costumiers  is  a  little  dull  and 
conscientious,  but  it  is  an  excellent  work. 
This  artist  has  an  eye  for  a  telling  first 
impression,  and  secures  it  again  and  again 
without  undue  surrender  of  more  serious 
qualities.  His  picture  is  one  of  the  best 
shown  by  any  of  the  younger  generation. 
Mr.  Ricketts,  doomed  often  to  inspire 
others  rather  than  to  realize  his  ambitions 
in  his  own  works,  has  a  Besurrection  of  some 
dramatic  power  ;  but,  hung  next  to  the 
Renoir,  it  betrays  its  failure  to  "  carry,"  to 
retain  its  validity  at  different  distances. 
It  may  be  questioned  whether  the 
plastic  form  in  which  it  is  cast  is  proper 
to  a  design  in  which  the  movement  is 
so  much  in  one  plane — whether,  in  fact, 
lie  has  not  simpiy  confused  and  made  vague 
a  fine  line  drawing.  Perhaps  here  again  we 
have  a  draughtsman  too  easily  seduced  into 
painting — nay,  perhaps  a  powerful  and 
eloquent  journalist  strangled  by  pedantry 
and  a  desire  to  produce  works  that  shall 
live.  His  sculpture,  like  his  painting, 
is  marked  by  restless  and  tortured  efforts. 
Mr.  Shannon  also  loses,  by  pitching  his  work 
in  a  key  of  seriousness  that  demands  a 
robuster  personality  to  justify  it.  He  has 
the  gifts,  but  not  the  training,  of  a  light  and 
tactful  decorator,  clever  at  distributing 
interest  over  his  picture.  His  Souvenir  of 
the  International  Ball  shows  this  with  unusual 
happiness.  Mr.  George  Lambert  is  of 
stronger  mould,  but  exhibits  here  only  a 
little  nude,  an  exercise  in  virtuosity,  and  the 
elusive  handling  of  pigment.  The  room  is 
further  adorned  by  three  portraits  of 
excellent  quality  :  Lucien  Simon's  Old  Lady, 
Cottet's  portrait  of  Simon,  and  Mr.  George 
Sauter's  Joseph  Pcnvcll.  Esq.,  as  well  as  bj 
two  landscapes  by  Oliver  Hall,  Albi  and 
Bardsea  Forest,  which  have  a  welcome 
refinement. 

The  late  Eugene  Carriere's  Thidtre  de  Bellr- 
ville  dominates  the  North  Room.  Of  a  size 
unsuitable  for  the  subject  and  the  artist's 
technique,  it  is  yet  exceedingly  successful — 


lilt 


T  IT  E     AT  II  EN  -K  U  M 


Nfo.  U87,  Jan.  25,  1008 


the  proportion  ot  the  Bgorea  and  space  not 
ill  oaloulated,  the  composition  thought  out 
with  exceeding  thoroughness,  the  infinitely 
slight  imp—to  disposed  with  so  olose  relation- 
ship  tn  tin-  plastic  structure  of  the  subject 
as  td  produoe  an  effect  <>f  solidity,  yet  of 
mystery,  with  a  mere  wash  of  paint  on  tho 
canvas.  Although  <>f  so  slight  a  texture, 
it  seems  to  have  improved  rather  than 
otherwise  sinoe  it  was  first  shown  in  Paris 

-it  ten  years  ago.  Mr.  Orpcn's  portrait 
group  shows  how  necessary  it  is  as  yet  for 
this  artist  to  retain  a  realistic  basis  for  his 
work.  The  composition  .sliould  have  been 
good  enough,  but  imitation  of  some  master 
of  conventional  composition  lias  led  him  into 
regions  where  literal  painting  from  nature 
became  impossible,  and  he  has  been  obliged 
to  rely  on  a  taste  and  instinct  for  design 
that  he  sadly  lacks.  Mr.  Neven  du  Mont's 
large  llarlet/uinade  is  just  such  another  fiasco, 
and  proves  that,  whatever  else  may  be  taught 
to  modern  art  students,  decorative  design  is 
not.  Compare  with  these  the  Danseuses  by 
M,  Forain.  The  latter  is  hideously  framed, 
and  its  general  tonality  is  of  a  violent  yellow 
that  is  not  very  agreeable  ;  but  its  internal 
economy  is  perfect.  The  manner  in  which 
figures  and  background  seem  to  arise  natur- 
ally out  of  the  processes  of  painting,  the 
nice  proportion  of  the  touch  to  the  detail, 
absolutely  firm,  but  perfectly  free,  make 
this  little  canvas  worthy  of  Fragonard. 
It  might  be  recommended  to  students  of 
the  Royal  Academy  as  a  means  of  study 
supplementary  to  the  patient  copying  of 
the  model  in  a  classroom.  Other  meritorious 
works  in  this  gallery  are  an  unusually  good 
portrait  by  Mancini,  Lady  Glyn  ;  an  interior 
by  Simon  Bussy,  Summer  Evening  in  the 
South,  which  in  its  rather  uncouth  fashion 
shows  original  research  into  fields  yet  un- 
explored ;  and  (this  on  familiar  lines,  but 
very  good)  Mr.  Frank  Mura's  Going  Home. 
On  the  wall  opposite  to  this  a  little  group  of 
works  of  flowerlike  delicacy  is  found  in 
E.  Vuillard's  Sur  le  Sofa,  George  Sauter's 
Little  Bouquet,  and  the  Vieux  Delft  of 
Storm  van  s'  Gravesande.  In  the  Balcony, 
besides  some  fairly  good  etchings  by  E.  S. 
Lumsden  and  G.  Lodge,  there  are  oil  paint- 
ings, some  of  which  are  wisely  thus  exiled 
aloft.  Joachim  Mir,  for  example,  has  a 
picture  of  High  Trees  which  is  only  reduced 
to  tolerable  tone  by  the  distance  of  twenty- 
five  paces  at  which,  happily,  we  first  caught 
sight  of  it.  The  works  of  Mr.  H.  E.  Cross 
and  M.  Paul  Signac  would  exact  at  least  a 
hundred. 

The  sculpture  comprises  the  much- 
battered  Homme  qui  marche  by  M.  Rodin, 
which  is  a  fine  fragment,  most  impressive 
and  truthful.  Mr.  McGill  has  a  figure  of  a 
boy  carefully  and  sympathetically  modelled  ; 
and  M.  Bartholome  has  a  fragment  from  his 
great  group  at  Pere  Lachaise,  which  un- 
fortunately gives  no  idea  of  the  impressive- 
ness  of  the  whole  design.  Mr.  Harvard 
Thomas  has  some  portrait  medallions  which 
are  hardly  worthy  of  that  fine  draughtsman, 
though  carefully  chiselled.  One  of  them  is 
spoilt  by  the  opening  of  an  ear  punched  to 
disproportionate  depth  through  the  middle 
of  the  head. 

A  collection  of  the  work  of  the  late  Jules 
Dalou,  however,  is  the  principal  feature  of 
the  show.  He  was  sent  to  remind  us  that 
sculpture  is  not  in  the  hands  of  every  man 
an  art  of  great  severity.  When  he  aimed 
at  that,  as  in  Les  Rameaux,  he  sometimes 
achieved  a  very  ordinary  result,  even  if  he 
showed  great  capacity.  Compare  it  with 
the  undignified  softness,  the  irresistible 
charm  of  the  Liseuse,  the  unpretentious 
honesty  of  The  Late  Mrs.  Gwyn  or  the 
unctuous,  exuberant  Bacchanale  inspired  by 
Rubens  at  his  best.     These  and  the  Femme 


mi  iht  liiiin  are  perhaps  the  pick  of  a 
collection  of  varied  merit.  Some  of  the 
exhibits  are  s  little  common,  all  are  sturdy 

and  \  il" >r< >i i  -.  and  together  they  make  a  not 

Unworthy     monument     to     the     manliest     of 
mod.-rn  sculptors. 


LE. 
Msbsbs.  Ohbisteb  sold  last  Saturday  the  follow- 
ing pictures,  tho  property  of  Mr.  Thomas  MoLean: 
Constable,  Helaungnau  Dull,  Suffolk,  \~>~t.  P. 
Billet,  Avant  la  Peohe,  ll.V.  J.  li.  C.  Corot, 
Through  the  Wood  :  Evening,  Moody  landscape, 
with  Bgures  and  cow,  202/.  Lawrence,  Larly  Hill, 
in  black  cloak  trimmed  with  fur,  a  .string  of  pearls 
round  her  neck,  1202.  Reynolds,  Lady  Ann  Camp 
bell,  Countess  of  Strafford,  in  white  dress,  and  blue 
cloak  lined  with  ermine  ;  and  the  engraving  by  T. 
Johnson,  372/.  Bruges  School,  The  Madonna,  in  a 
green  dress,  with  the  infant  Saviour,  1667.  Cuyp, 
A  River  Scene,  with  a  village,  ferry-boat,  and 
figures,  189/. 


3Ft:w-£.rt  (gossip. 

Two  articles  in  the  February  number 
of  The  Burlington  Magazine  are  devoted 
to  modern  art,  the  first  dealing  with  the 
newly  formed  gallery  at  Dublin,  the  second 
with  '  The  Last  Phase  of  Impressionism,' 
as  exhibited  at  the  show  of  the  International 
Society.  Mr.  Claude  Phillips  describes  a 
series  of  newly  discovered  portraits  by 
Reynolds  of  members  of  the  Walker- 
Heneage  family  ;  Mr.  Lionel  Cust  concludes 
his  study  of  '  The  Great  Piece '  by  Van 
Dyck  in  the  Royal  Collection  ;  Prof. 
Church  throws  fresh  light  on  the  early  history 
of  English  stonewares  ;  Mr.  Herbert  Cook 
discusses  the  work  of  Pacheco,  the  master 
of  Velasquez  ;  Mr.  Campbell  Dodgson  pub- 
lishes in  facsimile  a  delightful  woodcut 
alphabet  by  Hans  Weiditz  ;  and  Mr.  Weale 
writes  on  the  Memlinc  '  Passion '  at  Turin. 
The  numerous  full-page  plates  include 
reproductions  of  the  notable  examples  of 
Correggio  and  Rubens  from  the  Ashburton 
Collection  now  on  exhibition  in  London. 
A  portrait  of  Eleonora  of  Spain,  attributed 
to  Jean  Clouet,  which  has  recently  boon 
recognized  by  Miss  Hewett,  is  also  described 
and  illustrated.  The  American  section  con- 
tains notes  on  decorative  sculpture  (Mr. 
Kenyon  Cox)  ;  on  the  great  work  in  course 
of  issue  dealing  with  noteworthy  pictures 
in  America  ;  and  on  Mr.  Pierjjoint  Morgan's 
collection  of  porcelain. 

Prof.  C.  J.  Holmes  will  deliver  six  lectures 
on  Constable  at  the  University  Galleries, 
Oxford,  on  Wednesday  evenings  during  term, 
beginning  next  week.  The  lectures  will  be 
illustrated  with  lantern-slides. 

The  latest  addition  to  the  National 
Gallery  is  Joseph  Ducreux's  '  Portrait  of 
the  Artist'  (No.  2162),  which  has  been  hung 
on  the  South  Wall  of  Room  XVII.  This 
French  picture  has  been  purchased  out 
of  the  T.  D.  Lewis  Fund. 

The  Dublin  Municipal  Gallery  of 
Modern  Art  was  formally  opened  on 
Monday  last  by  the  Lord  Mayor  of  Dublin. 
The  fine  collection  of  modern  pictures  and 
sculpture  includes  many  valuable  gifts 
from  artists  and  others — a  large  number  of 
pictures  and  Rodin's  fine  bronze  '  L'Ago 
d'Airain'  having  been  presented  by  the 
Hon.  Director,  Mr.  Hugh  Lane.  Amongst 
the  speakers  at  the  opening  ceremony  were 
the  Earl  of  Drogheda,  Prof.  Mahaffy,  and 
Sir  Walter  Armstrong. 

The  Director  of  the  Dublin  Museum 
(Count  Plunkett)  offers  to  students  of  tho 
Metropolitan  School  of  Art  prizes  for  the 
best  and  second-best  set  of  drawings  of 
objects  in  the  Museum. 


.Mi;.      YoSKXO     Makkino,     the     .Japanese1 
artist,    whoso    illustrations    to    '  The    Colour 

of  London'  wo  noticed  with  pleasure  la 
spring,  is  now  at  work  on  a  set  of  illustratu  I 
for  a   similar   \olunn-.    to   l.o   pubhshi 
autumn,  on  'The  Colour  of  Paris/   the  b  N' 
of  which   will   be   written   in   coUaborati 
by  the  members  of  the  Academic  Gkmcoort. 

An    important    decision    regarding    copy- 
right   in     paintings     in     tho     I'm' 

lias  just  been  given  by  the  Supreme  Court 
at  Washington,  tho  highest  Court  of  Appeal. 
This  decision  ends  a  lawsuit  which  has  for 
a  nurnbor  of  years  boon  carried  on  by  tho 
Berlin  Photographic  Company  (of  Berlin, 
London,  New  York,  and  Paris)  against  the 
American  Tobacco  Company  and  the 
American  Lithograph  Company,  which  had 
reproduced  Mr.  Dendy  Sadler's  well-known 
picture  '  Chorus,'  of  which  tho  Berlin  Com- 
pany hold  the  copyright.  The  defendants 
asserted  that  the  Company's  copyright  had 
no  value  in  the  States  (although  it  was  duly 
entered  at  Washington)  because  the  original 
painting,  when  exhibited  at  our  Royal 
Academy,  did  not  bear  an  inscription  to 
the  effect  that  the  copyright  belonged  to 
any  one.  They  further  claimed  that,  accord- 
ing to  American  views,  the  exhibition  in  a 
public  gallery  made  a  picture  public  pro- 
perty. The  Supreme  Court  declared  that 
the  public  exhibition  of  a  painting  does 
not  amount  to  a  publication  within  the 
meaning  of  the  statute,  and  that  tho  copy- 
right notice  which  has  to  appear  on  tho 
reproductions  need  not  be  on  the  original 
painting. 

Prof.  Bosanquet  of  Liverpool,  who  is 
the  Dalrymple  Lecturer  for  1908,  delivered 
the  first  of  a  course  of  five  lectures  on 
'  Recent  Discoveries  in  Greek  Lands '  on 
Monday,  at  Glasgow  University.  The  sub- 
ject was  '  The  Heroic  Age  :  Crete  and  the 
Mainland.' 

The  Antiquary  for  February  will  contain,, 
among  other  articles,  the  following  :  an 
illustrated  account  of  '  The  Recent  Excava- 
tion at  Pevensey,'  by  Mr.  L.  F.  Salzmann  ; 
'  The  Beginning  of  the  Lancashire  Coal 
Trade,'  by  Col.  Fishwick  ;  '  Heraldry  as 
Art,'  by  Mr.  G.  W.  Eves  (illustrated)  : 
'  On  a  Letter  from  John  Maitland,  Duke 
of  Lauderdale,  to  Richard  Baxter,  regarding- 
Sundry  Seventeenth-Centurv  Superstitions.' 
by  Dr.  W.  E.  A.  Axon  ;  '  Palaeolithic 
Implements  at  Lowestoft'  (illustrated), 
by  Mr.  W.  A.  Dutt  ;  and  a  further  instal- 
ment of  Mr.  MacMichael's  '  The  London 
Signs  and  their  Associations.' 

exhibitions 

Sat.    (.Tau.  BB).— EmrraTinus   in    Mezzotint   by    Mr.   Norman  Hint. 
Dowileswell  Galleries. 

—  Society  of  Twclfe.   Prints    and    Drawings.    Messrs.    Obach » 

Gallery. 

—  Works  by  the  late  Prof.  Ludwig  N'ieper,  Modem  Gallery. 


MUSIC 

THE   WEEK. 
Queen's    Hall. — Mr.   Holbrooke's  Illu- 
minated Dramatic  Symphony. 

On  Monday  evening  was  produced  an 
"  Illuminated  Dramatic  Symphony  with. 
Choral  Epilogue."  The  hall  was  darkened, 
and  orchestra  and  chorus  were  more  or 
less  hidden  by  a  large  screen,  on  which 
were  thrown  the  words  of  Mr.  Trench's 
poem,  '  Apollo  and  the  Seaman,'  one  or 
more  stanzas  at  a  time.  The  object  of 
this  was  to  "  concentrate  attention  upon 
the  music  and  upon  the  ideas  underlying 
it,"  thus  avoiding  "  something  of  the 
uncertainty     necessarily     attaching     to 


No.  4187,  Jan.  25,  1908 


THE     ATHENiEUM 


111 


'  analytical  programmes.'  "  The  scheme 
may  therefore  be  described  as  a  new  kind 
of  programme- music.  The  composer  was 
Mr.  Joseph  Holbrooke,  who  in  many  ways 
has  displayed  talent  of  a  high  order. 
Whether  this  scheme  is  really  the  "  be- 
ginning of  a  new  and  beautiful  art-form," 
as  Mr.  W.  H.  Hadow  hopes,  seems  to  us 
open  to  question.  Some  allowance  must 
no  doubt  be  made  for  the  beginning  on 
Monday.  Not  only  were  the  lines  of 
the  poem  occasionally  changed  so  quickly 
that  there  was  not  time  even  to  read 
them,  far  less  to  reflect  as  to  how  far  the 
inusic  expressed  the  ideas  underlying 
them ;  but  that  music  was  also  frequently 
so  indefinite  that  there  was  no  apparent 
connexion  between  it  and  the  words. 
Yet  there  were  impressive  passages,  as, 
for  instance,  in  the  earlier  part  those 
referring  to  Apollo,  and  the  dignified 
strains  illustrating  the  lines  beginning 
I  shall  tell  thee,  as  music  tells. 

The  "  new  art,"  as  illustrated  by  Mr. 
Holbrooke,  seemed  to  produce  an  effect 
just  the  contrary  of  what  was  intended. 
Attention  was  principally  concentrated 
upon  the  poem.  The  eye,  and  through 
it  the  intellect,  was  attracted  by  words 
fraught  with  deep  meaning.  Those  in- 
tending to  be  present  were  recommended 
to  read  carefully  the  text  of  the  poem 
before  going  to  the  concert.  To  those  who 
had  done  so  the  illuminated  text  therefore 
seemed  in  the  way.  Any  one  having 
studied  the  argument  and  spirit  of  the 
poem,  would  surely  best  follow  the 
programme- music  without  the  words,  i.e., 
if  the  moods  corresponded  in  any  degree 
to  those  of  the  poem. 

It  may  be  asked,  Does  Mr.  Trench's 
striking  poem  lend  itself  well  to  music  ? 
We  think  not.  It  is  full  of  earnest, 
closely  packed  thought.  Mr.  Holbrooke, 
as  quoted  above,  spoke,  indeed,  of  the 
"  ideas "  underlying  his  music.  But 
what  about  expression  of  feeling  ?  The 
poem  is  argumentative,  philosophical, 
rather  than  emotional ;  hence  to  us  it 
does  not  yearn  for  the  sister  art.  Before 
the  "  new  art "  is  condemned,  it  ought, 
however,  to  be  exhibited  under  more 
favourable  conditions  as  regards  choice  of 
poem.  To  "  the  great  ship  Immortality  " 
the  world  is  indebted  for  some  of  the 
deepest,  noblest  music  ever  penned.  Will 
the  new  philosophy  prove  an  equal  source 
of  inspiration'? 

Before  the  performance  of  the  Dramatic 
Symphonv  came  a  "Symphonic  Poem"  by 
Mr.  W.  H.  Bell,  bearing  the  title  of 
another  poem  by  Mr.  Trench,  viz.,  'The 
Shepherd.'  The  music  was  in  parts  clear 
a.nd  interesting ;  but  neither  the  words 
of  the  poem  being  supplied,  nor  any 
outline  of  it,  to  enable  the  listener  to 
follow  the  scheme  of  the  music,  it  was 
impossible  to  judge  the  work  fairly.  It 
ought  to  be  heard  again,  and  under 
more  favourable  conditions. 

The  New  Symphony  Orchestra  and 
its  conductor,  Mr.  Thomas  Beecham, 
deserve  all  praise  for  their  rendering  of 
both  works  ;  also  Mr.  Allen  Gill's  male 
choir  of  150,  which  took  part  in  the 
choral  epilogue,  acquitted  itself  well. 


OUR    LIBRARY    TABLE. 

Elf  Wiener  Tdnze  (4  Walzer,  5  Menuetten 
and  2  Laendler)  have  just  been  published 
by  Messrs.  Breitkopf  &  Hartel  under  Beet- 
hoven's name.  Schindler  in  the  first  edition 
of  his  Beethoven  biography  (1840)  states 
that  in  1819  a  musical  society  consisting 
of  only  seven  persons,  in  the  habit  of  playing 
dance  music  at  an  inn  near  Modling,  begged 
Beethoven  to  write  some  waltzes  for  them. 
Schindler  adds  that  the  composer  complied 
with  their  request,  and  even  wrote  out  the 
parts  himself.  It  appears  that  some  time 
afterwards  an  attempt  was  made  to  find 
the  parts,  Beethoven  having  lost  the  score  : 
but  all  in  vain,  for  the  biographer  adds  that 
the  society  was  broken  up.  Now  the  dances 
just  published  (in  score)  are  actually  all, 
with  the  exception  of  No.  2,  in  seven  parts 
(strings  and  wind),  and  Dr.  Hugo  Riemann, 
who  has  edited  them,  is  convinced  that  they 
are  the  very  dances  mentioned  by  Schindler. 
They  have  been  published  from  manuscripts 
in  the  Thomasschule.  There  is  a  "  d.  B." 
(dal  Beethoven  ?)  against  the  violin  part 
of  No.  5,  but  nothing  further.  Dr.  Riemann, 
contending  that  the  music  points  to  Beet- 
hoven as  the  author,  calls  attention  to  two 
passages  which  resemble  others  in  the  Baga- 
telles, Op.  119,  on  which  Beethoven  was 
engaged  in  1819.  The  evidence  of  author- 
ship offered  by  these  passages  is  certainly 
curious,  though  not  wholly  convincing.  Dr. 
Riemann,  however,  considers  that  the 
music  generally  bears  strong  "  traces  of  the 
lion,"  also  the  scoring  ;  so  that  these  like- 
nesses weigh,  so  far  as  they  are  of  value, 
in  favour  of  his  argument.  The  last  of  the 
eleven  numbers  is  not  in  the  same  hand- 
writing as  that  of  the  rest  ;  but  the  editor 
sees  no  reason  to  doubt  that  its  composer 
was  Beethoven.  In  this  No.  11  there  is  a 
figure  which  recalls  the  Huntsmen's  Chorus 
in  '  Der  Fre^schiitz,'  and  this  is  curious,  as 
the  dances,  before  Dr.  Riemann  examined 
them,  had  been  ascribed  to  Weber.  There 
are  two  other  reminiscences.  One  is  at  the 
opening  of  the  Trio  of  No.  2,  in  which  there 
is  a  distinct  borrowing  from  the  Larghetto 
of  Beethoven's  Second  Symphony,  and 
another  in  the  No.  11,  to  which  reference 
has  just  been  made,  from  Mozart's  "  Se  vuol 
ballare."  Then  a  sketch-book  in  the  royal 
library  at  Berlin,  used  by  Beethoven  for 
his  late  quartets,  &c,  contains  also  sketches 
of  "  Walzer  pour  le  Piano,"  and  one,  though 
in  duple  measure,  bears  relation  to  the 
opening  of  No.  4  of  the  '  Elf  Tanze,'  as 
strong,  to  our  thinking,  as  either  of  the 
reminiscences  pointed  out  by  Dr.  Riemann. 
We  mention  these  not  to  suggest  that  the 
'  Tiinze  '  were  written  earlier  or  later  than 
1819,  but  merely  to  show  that  ''  reminis- 
cences "  of  themselves  may  easily  prove 
misleading.       

iltuBtcnl  (Bosstp. 

At  the  Symphony  Concert  at  Queen's 
Hall  last  Saturday  Miss  Mario  Hall  gave  an 
excellent  performance  of  a  Concerto  in  o 
by  Joachim,  which  the  composer  first  played 
at  a  Philharmonic  Concert  in  1864,  and, 
nine  years  later,  at  the  Crystal  Palace. 
The  work  was  then  shelved,  so  far,  at  any 
rato,  as  London  was  concerned.  The  first 
and  last  movements  are  clear  in  form  and 
of  ploasing  charactor,  but  the  slow  move- 
meat  is  remarkably  earnest  and  strongly 
emotional.  Renderings  of  symphonies  by 
Mozart  (the  'Haffnor')  and  Tsehai'kowsky 
(No.  5),  under  the  direction  of  Mr.  Henry 
Wood,  gave  great  satisfaction. 

V*KRDl's  opera  '  Falstaff,'  written  by  the 
composer  at  the  age  of  eighty,  is  rcniarkablo 
for    its    fresh    music,    dramatic    point,    and 


piquant  scoring.  Tt  was  produced  at  Milan 
in  1893,  and  performed  at  Covent  Garden 
in  February  of  the  following  year.  After 
being  given  two  years  later  by  the  students 
of  the  Royal  College  of  Music,  it  was  not 
heard  again  in  London  until  last  Tuesday, 
when  it  was  repeated  by  students  of  the 
same  College,  under  the  direction  of  Sir 
Charles  Stanford.  Mr.  Arthur  Wynn,  who 
impersonated  Falstaff,  sang  well,  while  his 
acting  was  free  from  exaggeration.  Miss 
Alice  Moffat  (Mistress  Ford)  also  deserves 
favourable  mention.  The  performance  on 
the  whole  was  good. 

M.  Efrem  Zimbaust,  the  talented  young 
Russian  violinist,  who,  like  Mischa  Elman, 
studied  under  Prof.  Auer,  gave  a  concert 
at  Queen's  Hall  on  Thursday  evening  of 
hist  week  with  the  assistance  of  the  London 
Symphony  Orchestra,  conducted  by  Mr. 
Landon  Ronald  The  artist  again  merited 
praise  for  the  finish  and  fluency  of  his  tech- 
nique, but  his  tone,  though  bright  and  pleas- 
ing, is  not  large.  From  the  executive  stand- 
point his  performance  of  the  solo  part  in 
Brahms' s  Concerto  was  satisfactory,  but 
from  the  intellectual  it  was  not  particularly 
strong.  M.  Zimbalist  appeared  to  better 
advantage  when  presenting  Glazounow's 
Concerto,  which  is  dedicated  to  Prof.  Auer, 
and  affords  favourable  opportunities  for 
technical  display.  The  orchestra  introduced 
a  new  and  remarkably  melodious  Andante 
for  strings,  composed  by  Mr.  Herbert 
Bedford. 

The  performance  of  the  '  Ring  '  in  English, 
under  the  direction  of  Dr.  Richter,  will  begin 
on  Monday  evening  at  Covent  Garden. 

Signor  Francesco  Piovano  has  dis- 
covered in  the  library  of  the  Academy  of 
St.  Cecilia  at  Rome  an  unknown  opera  by 
Gluck,  viz.,'  II  Tigrane,'  p^-formed  at  Crema 
in  1743.  The  author  of  the  libretto  is  not 
named,  but  it  had  been  set  to  music  in  1741 
by  Giuseppe  Arena,  and  the  work  was  pro- 
duced at  Venice. 


Six. 
II.  .x. 

Toes. 


Wbd. 

Tin- h 


Fin. 
Sat. 


PERFORMANCES  NEXT  WEEK. 
Concert.  3.30,  Albert  Hall. 
Sunday  Society  Concert,  3.30,  Queen's  Hall. 
Sunday  League  Concert,  7,  Queen's  Hall. 
Misses  Nettleship's  Concert.  3.  .Eolian  Hall. 
Illuminated  Symphonv,  8.15,  Queen's  Hall. 
Koyal  Opera.  Covent  Garden. 

Lady  Halle  and  Mr.  I).  Tovey's  Recital,  3.  P.echstein  Hall. 
Miss  Gertrude  Peppercorn's  Concert,  3,  .Eolian  Hall. 
Royal  Opera.  Covent  Garden. 
Philharmonic  Society,  8.  Queen's  Hall. 
;.  Mr.  Willy  Burmestef's  Violin  Recital,  3,  Bechstcin  Hall 
Royal  Choral  Society.  8.  Albert  Hall. 
Royal  Opera.  Covent  Garden. 

Miss  Thudichnms  Sour  Recital.  8.30,  Rerhstein  Hall 
Symphony  Concert,  Queen'6  Hall  Orchestra,  ;,  Queen's  Hall. 
Royal  Opera.  Covent  Garden. 


DRAMA 


THE    WEEK. 
Playhouse. — The   G'Grindlcs :  a  Play  in 

Three  Acts.  By  H.  V.  Esmond. 
High  spirits  are  the  recommendation  of 
Mr.  Esmond's  latest  play.  Making  a  new 
departure,  he  affects  to  give  us  a  picture 
of  rural  Ireland  in  the  days  of  the  Penin- 
sular War  ;  but  really  his  piece  is  a 
romantic  farce,  depending  for  its  appeal 
upon  scenes  of  bustle  and  rather  noisy 
mirth.  Now  and  again,  indeed,  as  in  the 
opening  mock-duel  passage,  the  charac- 
ters seem  to  find  the  situations  more 
hilarious  than  can  the  spectators,  and  so 
produce  in  the  latter  that  exasperation 
always  felt  by  the  man  who  is  unable  fully 
to  enter  into  the  jests  of  his  companions. 
Such  moments  apart,  the  farce  is  amusing 
throughout  in  a  boisterous  style.  Neither 
its  sketches  of  Irish  life  nor  its  studies  of 
Irish  character  are  to  be  taken  very 
seriously.      Mr.   Esmond's   types  are   not 


II -J 


'I1  II  E     A  T  II  ENJE  D  M 


such  am  Mr.  Shaw  or  .Mr.  Synge,  or  oven 

[MOO     Boaoioaolt,     would     approve;     they 

•remodelled  eooording  to  the  < >1<  1  fashioned 

re'  ipe  u  hi.h  BUggestfl  that  for  t lie  making 
of  an  Irishman  you  must  mix  gallantry, 
irresponsibility,  dare-devilry,  irascibility, 
and  an  instinct  for  fun  in  fairly  equal 
proportions.  Jim  O'Grindle,  the  hero  of 
this  piece,  is  just  the  "  broth  of  a  boy  " 
of  stage  tradition — a  lad  who  loves  prac- 
tical joking,  is  for  ever  involving  himself 
in  scrapes,  and  cannot  walk  past  the  least 
attractive  of  women  without  paying  his 
tribute  to  the  sex.  Nevertheless  the  love- 
affairs  of  this  inflammable  youngster, 
though  in  the  main  they  take  a  conven- 
tional course  and  arc  placed  in  a  setting 
of  melodrama,  furnish  excellent  sport, 
thanks  to  his  liveliness  and  that  of  his 
stage  associates. 

Into  the  details  of  Mr.  Esmond's  story 
— its  blackmail  episode  and  its  old  trick 
of  the  hero's  assuming  blame  for  an  in- 
discretion cf  his  timid  brother's  commit- 
ting— there  is  no  need  to  enter ;  for  to 
tell  the  truth,  the  plot  of  «  The  O'Grindles' 
is  as  thin  as  it  is  hackneyed.  Just  two 
scenes  in  the  play  should  ensure  its  success, 
and  these  are  both  shared  by  the  hero 
and  his  sweetheart.  Jim,  an  officer  re- 
cently returned  from  the  Peninsular  cam- 
paign, is  laughing  gaily  at  some  country 
cross-roads  over  a  burlesque  duel  which 
he  has  fought  with  a  half-witted  major, 
by  way  of  atonement  for  having  kissed 
the  major's  elderly  sister,  when  he  spies 
a  pretty  peasant  girl.  They  start  chat- 
ting and  joking  together,  when  Jim's 
sweetheart  rides  in  upon  the  scene.  Her 
jealousy  is  roused  by  the  tableau,  but  her 
lover  catches  hold  of  the  bridle  of  her 
mare  and  refuses  to  let  its  mistress  go  till 
he  has  coaxed  from  her  a  smile  :  upon  her 
furious  pretence  of  rage  and  his  calm  dis- 
regard of  her  tantrums  the  curtain  of  the 
first  act  goes  down.  The  other  scene  is 
even  better ;  it  shows  the  hero  so  indig- 
nant with  his  lady-love  for  believing  him 
capable  of  disloyalty  that  he  storms  and 
raves  at  her  in  a  frenzy  of  wrath,  and 
then  flings  off,  vowing  that  she  shall  never 
have  a  soft  word  from  him  again. 

It  can  never  be  said  in  future  that  Mr. 
Cyril  Maude  cannot  lose  his  temper  on 
the  stage.  Those  who  have  thought  so 
should  go  and  see  him  as  Jim  O'Grindle 
bullying  Miss  Alexandra  Carlisle  as  Kate 
Fitzgerald.  As  a  display  of  unbridled 
wrath  it  is  perfect  in  its  kind  ;  but  Mr. 
Maude  is  delightful  in  all  his  love-scenes, 
especially  when  he  momentarily  drops 
banter  for  seriousness.  He  has  a  charm- 
ing partner  in  Miss  Carlisle,  an  actress 
with  a  peculiar  talent  for  suggesting 
girlish  ingenuousness.  No  less  good  than 
these  two  is  Miss  Winifred  Emery,  who 
gives  a  finished  sketch  of  the  hero's  rich 
and  lackadaisical  sister-in-law.  Other 
members  of  the  Playhouse  cast  have  little 
more  to  do — and  they  do  it  well — than 
figure  as  big  babies  perpetually  at  play. 


No.  4187,  Jan.  25.  1908 


ELLIOT     STOCK'S 

NEW    BOOKS. 


Beautifully    printed    in    bum    port    Kvo    volumes; 
and  charmingly  bound  in  crimson  cloth. 

A  CHRISTIAN  LIBRARY. 

A  POPULAR  SERIES  OF  RELIGIOUS 
LITERATURE. 
Edited  by  Prof.  EDWARD  ARBER, 
D.Litt.  (Oxon),  P.S.A., 
Fellow  of  King's  College,  London. 
In  these  Popular  Editions,  all  Latin,  (.reek,  and 
learned  Notes  are  omitted. 
NOW  BEADY. 
Vol.  I. 
A    BRIEF    DISCOURSE    OF    THE 
TROUBLES  AT  FRANKFORT,  1554- 
1558  A.D.     By  WILLIAM   WHITTING- 
HAM,  Dean  of  Durham.     5s. 

WILL  BE  PUBLISHED  SHORTLY. 
Vol.  II. 
THE  TORMENTS  OF  PROTESTANT 
SLAVES  IN  THE  FRENCH  KING'S 
GALLEYS,  AND  IN  THE  DUNGEONS 
OF  MARSEILLES,  1686-1707  A.D. 
Edited  by  E.  ARBER,  D.Litt.  F.S.A. 

Vol.  III. 
THE     SAYINGS    OF     THE    WISE,     OR 
FOOD    FOR    THOUGHT.     A  Book  of 
Moral  Wisdom,   gathered   from   the   Ancient 
Philosophers,  1555  a.d. 


net. 


To  Correspondents.—  J.  C.  M.— O.  K— W.  J.— Received. 

J.  P.  M.— Many  thanks.       G.  M.— G.  A.  M.— Certainly. 

«  E  cannot  undertake  to  reply  to  inquiries  concerning  the 
a  ppearance  of  reviews  of  books. 

We  do  not  undertake  to  give  the  value  of  books,  china, 
pictures,  4c. 


NOW  BEADY. 
Crown  4to,  suitably  bound,  and  embellished  by 
many  Illustrations  of  the  Locality,  price  15a, 

NOTES  ON  THE 

EARLIER  HISTORY  OF  THE 

TOWN  OF  BARTON  0N- 

HUMBER.    Vol.  II. 

By    ROBERT    BROWN,     F.S.A. 

Illustrated  by  Views,  Plans,  and  Maps. 

Extracts  from  Reuiews  of  Vol.  I. 

"Mr.  Brown's  scholarly  and  handsomely  produced 

book  is  well  illustrated  by  many  useful  plans,  maps, 

and  views  of  the  Church  of  St.  Peter." — Antiquary. 

"It  is  a  capital  book,  and  will  be  consulted  by 

archreologists  for  man}'  j'ears  to  come." 

Yorkshire  Post. 
"It  would  be  extremely  difficult  to  speak  too 
highly  of  this  most  interesting  and  valuable  work." 
Eastern  Morning  Neirs. 


In  medium  8vo,  tastefully  printed,  suitably  bound, 
and  illustrated,  price  6s.  net. 

GLEANINGS    AFTER    TIME. 

Chapters  in  Social  and  Domestic  History. 
Edited  by  G.  L.  APPERSON,  I.S.O., 
Author  of  '  An  Idler's  Calendar,'  '  Bygone  London 
Life,'  &c. 
With  29  Illustrations. 
"  Mr.  Apperson's  volume  has  many  quaint  pic- 
tures, and  is  a  valuable  contribution  to  the  litera- 
ture of  England's  past." — Dundee  Adrertiser. 

"How  our  forefathers  lived  and  enjoyed  their 
liberties,  may  be  read  with  the  greatest  of  pleasure 
in  '  Gleanings  after  Time.' " —  Western  Mail. 


Crown  8vo,  paper  cover,  prioe  6d. 

JAMES   ANTHONY  FROUDE. 

A  Lecture  delivered  at  the  Richmond 

Athenaeum,  Surrey,  on  November  18,  1907, 

By  the  Rev.  ASTLEY  COOPER. 


ELLIOT  STOCK, 
62,  Paternoster  Row,  London,  E.C. 


tCypf-tiatritrrs,  &r. 


rpvi'K  \\  klTlXc;  ndertekaa  >>v  bkjMy  educated 

Lang-,  "ii.  H"-vf>lon,  Tmri.Utlon.  Hhorthanl      !n>-l»ii<»o 

Boom       i  I :  >    I    KMUHllHiH    "  U'i.  Wl'.lll.'.'i  .'.  Duke 

Street.  Adelphl,  \\  < 


A  UTHOR8' MSS.,  NOVELS,  8TORIES,  PL* 

xl    BMAYfl  TYPE  H  iiittkn  »n),   . .mii.l-u  accuracy.  U 

1.000  wonl».     Heur  <  art- 

known  Writer*.— Jl.  0TUABT.  aii.^.i.  Kymbaiej  Road.  Harrow. 

TYPE-WRITING,    9d.    per    1,000   word*     All 
kindl  of  MKS     Storiet.  Plari,  KoreU,  Ac.,  accurately  1 

es.  3d.  per  1.00  • « towell  kuown  A  .' 

Oxford  Higher  Local  -M.  KINO.  H,  Fore»t  Road.  Kew  Unro.ec>    - 

TYPE-WRITING,  Id.  per  1,000.     CarU 
lrttr  UN      DupUeatte*  from  'it.  Hi.  per  100.     Special  quotation* 
for  "  Firat  Novel  Couii-etition       ordert  executed  promptly.    Ac 
guaranteed.— A.  M.  P.,  15.  Clorelly  Road,  Homaey,  N. 

TYPE-WRITING.— NOVELS,  PLAY-. 
SERMONS,  and  other  MS8.     Accurate  work.     8taort  .'. 
hy  return  of  po»t.     Oarbon  Copies.     Duplicating  Circular!.  Ac.     Legal 
:md  General  Coding.— For  terms  apply  H.  T.   HOW,  43,  Page  Street. 
Westinineter.  S.W. 


TYPE-WRITING.— The  WEST  KENSIN<  -TON 
OFFICES.    Authors'  MSS..  Translations.  Ac.   Legal  and  General 
Copying.      Circulars,   &<•..    Duplicated.       Usual  terms.       Refrr- 
ExUthlitihed    fifteen    years.— SIKEH    A   8IKES.  ££>.    Hammer- 
Koail,  W.    (Private  Address  :  la,  Wolverton  Gardens,  Hammersmith. 

TYPE- WRITER.— PLAYS  and   MSS.  of  every 
description.     Carlion  and  other  Duplicate  or  Manifold  Copici.. 
-Miss  E.  M.  TIGAR.  84,  Maitland  Park  Road.  Haverstock  Hill.  N  W 
Established  1384. 

AUTHORS'  MSS.  9d.  per  1,000  words.—  Sermons, 
Plays,  and  all  kinds  of  TYPEWRITING  carefully  done  at  home 
(Remington).  Good  Paper.  Orders  promptly  executed.  Duplicating 
from  3s.  6d.  ]>er  100.— M.  L.  L.,  IS.  Edgeley  Road,  Clapham.  S.W. 


Qutfyaxs  Agents. 

THE  AUTHOR'S  AGENCY.—  Established  1879. 
The  interests  of  Authors  capnhly  represented.     Agreen> 
Publishing  arranged.  MSS.  placed  with  Publishers.— Terma  an d 
monials  on  application  to  Mr.  A.  M.  BURGHES.  Ji.  Paternoster  Row 

Pp.  xx-850,  demy  8vo,  price  16s. 

THE  LAW   OF 

INTERNATIONAL      COPYRIGHT. 

With  Special  Sections  on  the  Colonies  and 
the   United  States  of  America. 

BY 

WILLIAM    BRIGGS, 
LL.D.  D.C.L.  M.A.  B.Sc.  F.C.S.  F.R.A.S. 

Times. — "A  work  of  no  small  literary  as  well 
as  legal  value.  This  remarkably  luminous  and 
readable  volume." 

London:      STEYENS    &     HAYNES, 
13,  Bell  Yard,  Temple  Bar,  W.C. 


R 


OMAN 


H    A    Y     L    I    N    O. 


By  TALFOURD    ELY.    D.Lit.    MA     F.S.A.. 

Fellow  of  University  College.  London. 

NEW,  ENLARGED,  and  CHEAPER  EDITION,  including  Later 

Excavations  to  the  End  of  1907. 

With  2  Plans  and  Illustrations.    3*.  net.  post  free  from 

TAYLdR    A    FRANCIS,    Red    Lion    Court.    Fleet    Street. 


INDEX   TO   ADVERTISERS. 


ricr. 

Authors' Agents      US 

Autotype 90 

Beu.  &  Sons H* 

Catalogues       90 

Chatto  A  Windus US 

constable  &  co 91 

Educational 89 

Eno 114 

exhibitions 89 

Heinem.vnn        90 

Hurst  a  blackett 92 

Insurance  Companies         11* 

Lectures 89 

Macmii.lan  &  Co 92 

Magazines,  &c Ill 

Miscellaneous 89 

Putnam's  sons 116 

Sales  hy  Auction 90 

situations  Vacant 89 

situations  Wanted 89 

SiOCK        112 

Times  History  of  the  World 115 

Typewriters,  &c U* 

Unwin      9"- 


No.  4187,  Jan.  25,  1908 


THE     ATHENilUM 


113 


CHATTO    &    WINDUS. 

THE    RHINE.     By   H.    J.    Mackinder,   sometime   Reader  in  Geography  in  the   University   of   Oxford  • 

Director  of  the  London  School  of  Economics,  &c.     Fully  illustrated  after  Water  Colours  by  Mrs.  JAMES  JARDINE,  with  two  Folding  Maps  in  colour,  and  Index.     Large 
fcap.  4to  (9  by  6}  inches),  gilt  top,  20s.  net.  [February  23. 

Mr.  Mackinder  has  made  a  life-long  study  of  the  Rhine  Valley  and  its  history.  No  such  authoritative  or  readable  work  has  hitherto  appeared  upon  the  great  River  :  the  course 
of  which— whether  as  "Priest  Street,"  the  great  European  trans-continental  trade  route,  or  as  the  determining  factor  in  many  an  international  struggle— has  more  deeply  and  more 
consistently  influenced  European  history  than  any  other  force,  natural  or  human. 

THE    BOOK    OF    ELIZABETHAN    VERSE.       Chosen   and   Edited,  with   Notes,   Index    of   Authors, 

Biographical  Index  of  Authors,  and   Index  of  First  Lines,  by  WILLIAM  STANLEY  BRAITHWAITE.      The  Title  with  Vignette  Woodcut  Reproduction  of  a  View  of 
Whitehall  Palace   in  1590;    the  Frontispiece  a   Photogravure  Reproduction  after  the  Charming  Plate    'Cupid   Seated  on  Clouds,'   engraved  by  W.  S.  REYNOLDS  after 
W.  OWEN.    Pp.  850,  small  crown  8vo,  cloth,  gilt  top,  6s.  net. 
Also  in  whole  polished  green  calf,  with  Indian  Proof  of  Frontispiece,  12s.  6d.  net. 

The  binding  design  has  been  specially  reproduced  from  one  of  the  finest  examples  of  the  period,  sometime  ex  the  Old  Royal  Collection,  now  preserved  in  the  British 
Museum. 

Among  the  many  anthologies  now  before  the  public,  few,  if  any,  have  been  prepared  with  more  competence  or  scholarly  care.  Exclusive  of  the  seventy-five  anonymous 
items,  the  work  of  10(5  Elizabethan  authors  is  here  collected  in  their  finest  pieces,  many  of  which  appear  in  no  other  anthology.  With  scarcely  an  exception,  the  675  items 
have  been  gathered  direct  from  the  pages  of  the  authors  quoted. 

BRIDGE  CATECHISM.     By  R.  H.  Brydges,  Author  of  '  Scientific  Whist  Cards.'     Cloth,  2s.  6(1.  net. 

Queen.—"  Every  point  from  Alpha  to  Omega  is  taken  up,  and  dealt  with  carefully.     Our  author  follows  the  Euclidian  method,  '  line  upon  line,  precept  upon  precept' " 
Daily  Chronicle.—"  Fortified  by  this  book  no  one  will  have  any  excuse  in  the  future  for  pleading  ignorance  of  the  '  laws  '  as  settled  by  the  Portland  and  Turf  Clubs." 
Scotsman.—"  Contains  sound  advice  and  direction  given  in  the  most  lucid  form." 
Glasgow  Herald.—"  The  form  in  which  the  instruction  is  cast  makes  the  book  entertaining  as  well  as  instructive." 

NEW    SIX-SHILLING    NOVELS. 
WITHYFORD  :  a  Sporting  Romance  of  Exmoor.     By  Arthur  O.  Fisher. 

With  Coloured  Frontispiece  by  G.  D.  ARMOUR,  4  Illustrations  in  Sepia,  and  1  in  Black  and  White  by  R.  H.  BUXTON. 

THE  MARQUIS  AND  PAMELA.     By  E.  H.  Cooper,  Author  of  <  Mr.  Blake  of  Newmarket.'         [Febniaryo. 

"The  Marquis,"  whose  principal  character  is  an  easily  recognizable  portrait  of  a  famous  sportsman,  deals  to  a  considerable  extent  with  racing  matters  :  and  the  familiar  scenes  of 
Ascot,  Goodwood,  and  Newmarket  are  described  with  a  pen  which  knows  intimately  all  the  humorous,  picturesque,  and  tragic  sides  of  its  subject.  "The  Marquis"  has,  however,  a 
more  dramatic  love  story  than  is  usual  in  Mr.  Cooper's  books. 


ST.     MARTIN'S     LIBRARY.-New  Volumes. 
Post  8vo,  cloth,  gilt  top,  2s.  net;    leather,  gilt  edges,  3s.  net  per  volume. 


JERUSALEM.     By  Sir  Walter  Besant  and  E.  H.  Palmer. 
THE   SHADOW   OP   THE  SWORD.    By  Robert  Buchanan. 
AN  INLAND  VOYAGE.     By  R.  L.  Stevenson. 


WESTMINSTER.     By  Sir  Walter  Besant. 

THE  CHARM  OF  LONDON :  Selections  in  Prose  and  Yerse, 

made  by  ALFRED  H.  HYATT. 


BY  THE  AUTHOR  OF  '  ALICE  IN  WONDERLAND.' 


FEEDING-  THE  MIND.     By  Lewis  Carroll.     With  a  Prefatory  Note  by  William  H.  Draper.     Post  8vo, 


boards,  Is.  net ;  leather,  2s.  net. 


BIBLIOTHECA    ROMANICA. 

THE  BIBLIOTHECA  BOMANTCA  now,  for  the  first  time,  gives  to  students  of  the  Romance  Languages,  French,  Italian,  Spanish,  and  Portuguese  Texts,  clearly  printed, 
ind  edited  after  the  best  Texts,  in  these  several  languages  at  a  price  for  all,  viz.  :  Per  volume,  6  by  4  in.,  wrappers,  8d. ;  in  cloth,  Is.  each  net.  [In  certain  cases  two  or  more  volumes 
are  bound  as  one.  The  price  then  remains  8d.  per  vol.  in  wrappers,  but  in  cloth  the  additional  charge  beyond  the  first  volume  so  bound  up  is  Id.  each,  e.g.,  2  vols,  bound  as  one  are,  in 
wrappers,  Is.  4d.  net;  in  cloth,  Is.  9d.  net.] 

ALREADY  PUBLISHED,  31  Volumes,  viz.  :— 


1.  MOLIERE.—Le  Misanthrope. 

'>.  IWOLIERE.— Les  Femmes  savantes. 


3.  CORNEILLE.— Le  Cid. 

4.  DESCARTES.— Discours  de  la  me'thode. 
6-8.  DANTE.— Divina  Commedia  I.     Inferno. 

7.  BOCCACCIO.— Decameron.     Prima  giornata. 

8.  CALDERON.— La  vida  es  sueno. 

9.  RESTIF  DE  LA  BRETONNE.— L'an  2000. 

10.  CAMOES.— Os  Lusfadas.    Canto  I.,  II. 

11.  RACINE.— Athalie. 

12-15.  PETRARCA— Rerum  vulgarium  fragmenta. 


16-17.  DANTE.— Divina  Commedia  II.    Purgatorio. 

18-20.  TILLIER.—  Mon  oncle  Benjamin. 

21-22.  BOCCACCIO.— Decameron:  Seconda  giornata. 

23-24.  BEAUMARCHAIS.— Le  Barbier  de  Seville. 
25.  CAMOES.— Os  Lusiadas  :  Canto  III.,  IV. 

26-28.  ALFRED   DE   MUSSET.— Comedies  et  Proverbes  : 
La   Nuit    venitienne ;    Andre1    del    Sarto ;    Les 
Caprices  de  Marianne  ;  Fantasio ;  On  ne  badine 
pas  avec  l'amour. 
29.  CORNEILLE.— Horace. 

30-31.  DANTE.— Divina  Commedia  III.  :  Pa.radiso. 


32-34.  PROVOST.— Manon  Leseaut. 
35-36.  (Euvres  de  Maitre  FRANCOIS  VILLON. 
37-39.   GUILLEM    DE    CASTRO.      Las    Mocedades   del 
Cid  I.,  II. 
40.  DANTE.     La  Vita  Nuova. 
41-44.  CERVANTES.     Cinco  Novelas  ejemplares. 

45.  CAMOES.     Os  Lusfadas.     Canto' V.,  VI.,  VII. 

46.  MOLIERE.    L'Avare. 

47.  PETRARCA.     I  Trionfi. 

48-49.  BOCCACCIO.     Decameron.     Terza  giornata. 
50.  CORNEILLE.     Cinna. 


THE     SHAKESPEARE     CLASSICS. -Edited  by  Prof.  I.  GOLLANCZ,  Litt.D. 

16mo,  quarter-bound  antique  grey  boards,  gilt  top,  2s.  6d.  net ;  whole  gold-brown  velvet  persian,  gilt  top,  4s.  net.    Also  a  Special  Edition  on  larger  paper, 

half-bound  parchment  boards,  sold  in  Sets  only,  5s.  net  per  volume. 

NEW  VOLUME. 

BROOKE'S  ■  R0MEUS  AND  JULIET ' :  the  Original  of  Shakespeare's  '  Romeo  and  Juliet.'     Edited 


by  J.  J.  MUNRO. 

Full  Prospectus  sent  post  free  on  application,  giving  particulars  of  this  and  other  sections  of  Messrs.  CHATTO  &  WINDUS'S  Shakespeare  Library. 


[Janvary   <>. 


THE     KING'S     CLASSICS.— Edited  by  Prof.  I.  GOLLANCZ,  Litt.D. 

Printed  on  antique  laid  p.iper,  16mo.  (6  by  4J  in.),  gilt  top.    Quarter-bound  antique,  grey  boards,  or  red  cloth,  Is.  6d.  not;  quarter-vellum,  grey  cloth  sides,  2s.  6d.  not ; 
special  three-quarter  vellum,  Oxford  side  papers,  gilt  tops,  silk  marker,  5s.  net. 

LATEST  VOLUMES. 

SIR   WILLIAM   TEMPLE   ON   THE   GARDENS   OF   EPICURUS.     Together   with   other  XVIIth 

Century  Garden  Essays  (by  Browne,  Kvelyn,  and  Marvell).     Edited,  with   Notes  and   Introduction,  by  A.    FORBES   SIEYKKING,  F.S.A.,   Author  of   'The   Praise  of 
Gardens.'     With  5  Illustrations  after  Early  Engravings  and  a  Portrait  of  Sir  William  Temple. 


THE    POETS    ROYAL    OF    ENGLAND    AND    SCOTLAND.       Being   Original    Poems   by   English 

and  Scots  Kings,  and  other  Royal  and  Noble  Persons,  now  first  Collected  and  Edited,  with  Introduction  and    Notes,  by  W.    BAIIiEY-KEMPLIN'G.      With  a   Frontis- 
piece after  an  early  Engraved  Portrait  of  King  James  I.  of  Scotland. 


CHATTO    &    WINDUS,   111,  St.  Maitin's  Lane,  London,   W.C. 


11 1 


T  BE     AT  II  KX.K  r  M 


No.  4187,  Jan.  25.  1 


JRags$itus,  fa. 


T 


pil        ENGLISH      HISTORICAL     REVIEW. 

■MM  i'.>   UMIKALD   I.    POOL!,   ma     I'l,  D 
rAHUABT.IMt    lu.yul -»...  i'ii«B«. 

kim.  lOOUW  IT.  ntOM  KI'WAUl)  I.  TO  BDWAJtD  MI. 
II t  .Line.  V    lUMvill 
TBI    AMALGAMATION  OF   TIIK  r.Mil.Isll    H KKCANTILE 

CRAJTfl     Hy  Hi  .M.ll.i  Kramer, 
TIIK     NORTHERN     PACIFICATION    OF   1719-30.      By  J.  F. 

Part  Mi 
Ql  i  is    FI0TORIA1   LBTTMM,    w;  isi,     Rj  the  Mailer  of 
Ptterbouae,  Ounbridss. 

l>orutnrnt$. 
TIIK  DATM  Of  HENRY  II  >  CHARTERS.     Ilj  the  Editor. 
CISTERCIAN  SCHOLARS  AT  0XF0RI1.     By  11.  C.  Fowler. 
A  VoLl'STARY  SUBSIDY    LEVIED    BY    EDWARD  IY.,  UOi. 

11>  UiM  Oon  I,  S.ofiel.l. 
•mi:  coronation  OF  QTJBBH   BIJZABETH.     By  the  Bar. 

11.  a.  WUaoB. 
TIIK  BALI  Of   KPIBOOPA1  LANDS  DURING   Tin:  rivn, 
WARS  AMD  Till:  iii.MMiiNWHAI.T1I.     11}  CJ.  11.  Tritlmiii. 
.:   //.  ,:,ut  o)  Boots,  *  Short  NoMeu. 

LONGMANS.  GREEN  k  00.  ">'■>.  Paternoster  Row,  London.  B.C. 


T 


BE        EDINBURGH       REVIEW. 

No.  4il.    JANUARY,  1008,     svo,  nric-c- 6*. 
l.  the  government  0?  SUBJECT  RACES. 
•_'.  LADY  MAKY  WORTI.EY  MONTAGU. 
3    TIIK    ollliilN    AMI    PROSPECTS   OF   GOTHIC    ARCHI- 

TECTURE. 
a.  BISHOP  GORE  AND  THE  CHURCH  OF  ENGLAND. 
...  THE  FALLACIES  OF  SOCIALISM. 
8.  VEHSA1I.I.KS. 

7.  HE1NRKH  HEINE:    EMOTION  AND  IRONY. 
B.  llEI.KiloN  IN  LITERATURE. 
"    THE    AGRICULTURAL     POSITION    OF    TUB     UNITED 

KINGDOM. 

10.  IKE  SECOND  HAGUE  CONFERENCE. 

11.  QUERN  VICTORIA'S  LETTERS. 

LONGMANS,  GREEN  4  CO.  38,  Paternoster  Row,  London,  E.C. 


READY.  MO  pages,  -is.  6d.  net.  •!».  9rf.  post  free.    Yearly  Subscriptions, 
10)t.  i»ost  free. 

rp  H  E      H  I  B  B  E  R  T      JOURNAL. 

Principal  Content*  of  J  A  .\l'A  It  V  Number. 

THE  PROSPECTS  OF  MODERNISM.    By  the  Rev.  George  Tyrrell. 

THE   PAPAL  ENCYCLICAL.      From    :i  Catholic's  Point  of  View, 
lw  the  Rev.  Father  John  Gerard,  S.J. 

THE    PAPACY   IN    ITS    RELATION    TO    AMERICAN    IDEALS. 
By  the  Rev.  L.  Henry  Schwah. 

THE  CATHOLIC  CHURCH  —  WHAT  IS  IT  ?    By  the  Lord  Bishop 
of  Carlisle. 

THE    IMMORTALITY   OF   THE    80UL.-I.     The  Transitory  and 
the  Permanent.     By  Sir  Oliver  Lodge. 

THE     RELIGION     OF     SENSIBLE     SCOTSMEN.      By     William. 
Wallace.  LL.D. 

THE    "JERAHMEEL"    THEORY    AND    THE    HISTORIC     IM- 
PORTANCE OF  THE  NEGEB.    By  Nathaniel  Schmidt,  Ph.D. 

RELIGION   A   NECESSARY    CONSTITUTION    IN    ALL   EDUCA- 
TION.   By  Prof.  J.  H.  Stairhead. 

THE   SOURCES  OF   THE  MYSTICAL  REVELATION.     By  Prof. 
George  Albert  Coe. 

THE    MAGIC  AND  MYSTICISM    OF   TODAY.     By   Mr*.  Stuart 
Moore. 

THE      REASONABLENESS      OF      CHRISTIAN      FAITH.        By 
Wm.  Adams  Brown,  Ph.D.  D.D. 

THE  ALCHEMY  OF  THOUGHT.    By  L.  P.  Jacks. 

With  a  number  of  Discussions.   Signed  Reviews,  and  Bibliography  of 
recent  Theological  and  Philosophical  Literature. 
WILLIAMS  &  NORGATE. 
14,  Henrietta  Street,  Covent  Garden.  London.  W.C. 

*P  H  E      CORNHILL      MAGAZINE. 

JL  For  FEBRUARY.    Price  One  Shilling. 

Content*. 
WROTH.    Chaps.  XVIII.-XIX.    By  Agues  and  Egerton  Castle. 
THE  QUEEN  AND  THE  WHIG8.      By  the  Right  Hon.  G.   W.  E. 

Russell. 
THE  ALL  RED  ROUTE.    By  the  Hon.  W.  P.  Reeves. 
THE  LIGHTS  OF  HOME.     By  Alfred  Noycs. 
THE  BOOK  ON  THE  TABLE.     By  Virginia  Stephen. 
HIS  EXCELLENCY  THE  GOVERNOR.     By  L.  M.  Cooke. 
'I  TIE  LATE  AMERICAN  CRISIS.     By  Hartley  Withers. 
FISHERMEN'S  SORROWS.     By  F.  G.  Allalo. 
INDEXES.     By  Alfred  W.  Pollard. 
A    STRAGGLER     FROM     A     FORGOTTEN     FIGHT.      By    John 

Barnett. 
AT   LARGE.     VIII.     THE    DRAMATIC  SENSE.     By  Arthur  C. 

Benson. 
CATHERINE'S   CHILD.      Chaps.   I1I.-V.      By  Mrs.    Henry  de  la 

Pasture. 
London  :  SMITH.  ELDER  k  CO.,  IB,  Waterloo  Place,  S.W. 


MR.    JOHN     OUSELEYS    GREAT    SUCCESS. 


H 


ELD 


T    0 


II 


O    N    O  U    R. 


AND     OTHER    STORIES. 


ELLA 


BY 

NAPIER 


LKFROY, 


Author  of  'The  Man's  Cause,'  &c. 
Bf.  U.    AT  MOST  LIBRARIES  AND  BOOKSELLERS'. 

sTonstao  /'««<.—"  They  deal  with  the  bin  problem!  of  conduct  and 

the  emotions,  with  such  familiar  yet  eternal  themes  as  a  mother's 
love,  a  man's  dislike  of  marrying  for  money,  the  demands  of  honour, 
and  the  like  ;  but  these  themes  are  dealt  with  in  so  direct  a  manner, 
«fith  such  a  clarity  of  moral  judgment  and  with  so  keen  a  sense  of 
character,  that  tlo -y  appeal  to  us  U  if  tin  y  were  being  treated  for  the 
u;  st  time 

ftmee. — "Talee  which  show  a  gift  for  effective  narrative." 

ggetanoa.—"  The  book  will  not  fall  tn  please." 

\>„,,,i,.  Daily  Adnrrtintr.  —  "Mrs.  Lefroy  is  an  adept  at  the  art  of 
short  story  writing  " 

Linijtool  builu  Poet.— "  A  wealth  of  incident." 

10,    FABRINGDON    STREET.    E.C. 


MR.     H.     P.     HORNE     ON     BOTTICELLI, 


NOW    READY. 


225  COPIES  ONLY   FOR  SALE. 


SANDRO  BOTTICELLI 

I,', 

HERBERT    P.    HORNE. 

Crown  Folio.  Printed  at  the  Chiswick  Press,  on  Arnold's  Hand- 
made Paper.  With  an  Appendix  of  Original  Documents,  many  of 
which  are  printed  for  the  first  time,  and  4.'i  Photogravure  Plates  from 
special  Photographs,  in  many  cases  of  Pictures  never  before  repro- 
duced.    Price  <£10    10s.    net. 

***  A  Supplementary  Volume,  containing  a  detailed 
Study  of  the  School  of  Botticelli,  a  "  Catalogue  Raisonne'  '  of  all 
the  known  works  of  the  master  and  his  followers,  a  Bibliography, 
and  a  full  Index  to  both  volumes  is  in  the  Press,  and  will  be  published 
as  soon  as  possible.  The  price  of  this  volume  will  not  exceed 
£5  5s.   net. 

Orders  will   be  accepted   only  -for  the  Two   Volumes. 

A  PROSPECTUS   WILL  BE  SENT  ON  APPLICATION. 


London  :   GEORGE  BELL  &  SONS,  York  House,  Portugal  Street,  Kingsway. 


THE    GRAND    CLIMACTERIC. 

1  The  grand  climateric  period  was  fi^ed  at  63  by  the  classical  authors  in  the  Man. 
They  were  not  far  wrong,  except  that  there  is  no  one  year  of  Life  to  which  it  can  be 
strictly  confined ....  There  are  present  in  many  post-climacteric  people  vague  feeling> 
of  organic  bodily  discomfort  which  are  difficult  to  analyze  and  impossible  to  name. 
They  do  not  amount  to  pain  nor  to  unhappiness,  but  there  is  a  something  which 
interferes  with  the  full  enjoyment  of  life  and  which  means  that  the  processes  of 
nutrition  and  the  working  of  the  great  internal  organs  connected  with  digestion  are 
not  done  as  well  as  before  and  no  longer  give  conscious  satisfaction.  This  feeling  is 
often  connected  with  a  newly-developed  constipation  of  the  bowels  and  with  a  diminished 
keenness  of  the  appetite  for  food.' — 'The  Hygiene  of  Mind.' — T.  S.  Cloustox. 


ENO'S  ' FRUIT  SALT' 

will  be  found  at  this  critical  period  of  life  a  valuable  remedy,  gently  coaxing,  as  it  were, 
by  natural  means,  the  enfeebled  functions  back  to  normal  health  and  activity. 

'Accuse  not  Nature,  She  has  done  her  part,  do  thou  thine. ' — Milto.v. 

'  As  Health  is  sucli  a  blessing,  and  the  very  source  of  all  pleasure,  it  may  be  worth  the  pains 
to  discover  the  region  where  it  grows,  the  springs  that  feed  it,  the  customs  and  methods  by  which 
it  is  best  cultivated  and  preserved.' — Sir  W.  Temple. 

CAUTION.— Examine  the  capsule,  and  see  that  it  is  marked  EXO'S  'FRUIT  SALT  J 
Without  it  you  have  the  sincerest  form  of  fiattery — IMITATION. 

Prepared  only  by  J.  C.  ENO  (Limited),  '  FRUIT  SALT '  WORKS,  LONDON,  S.E. 


Insurant  Companies. 

ACCIDENTS  OF  ALL  KINDS,  SICKNESS, 

EMPLOYERS'  LIABILITY,  BURGLARY,  AND 

FIDELITY  GUARANTEE  RISKS 

INSURED  AGAINST  BY  THE 

T>  AILWAY  PASSENGERS'  ASSURANCE  CO. 

Capital  (full?  lur*  rlbed)  £1.000,000.         Claim!  paid  «.4Oe.0O0. 


CORNHILL,  LONDON. 


A.  TIAN,  Socretaiy. 


|J"ATIO  N'A  L 

D  R  O  V  I  D  E  N  T 

INSTITUTION 

KOR 

MUTUAL     LIFE     ASSURANCE. 

Established  1635. 

ASSURANCE    AND    INVESTMENT. 

Write  for  Leaflet  on  net  cost  of  Endowment  Assurances, 

48,  Gracechurch  Street,  London,  E.C. 

Applications  /or  Agencit*  invittd. 


No.  4187,  Jan.  25,  1908 


THE     ATHENiEUM 


115 


Th 


e 


describes    its    new    publication 

storians'  History  of  the 


There  is  no  other  English  work  of  similar  scope  and 
extent.  It  is  a  book  for  the  general  reader  and  the  scholar  ; 
a  fascinating  narrative,   a  standard  work  of  reference. 

25  Volumes  ;    17,000  Pages  ;                                                                                              We  have  prepared  a  200-page  Descriptive 

« «««  th           x-  Booklet,  which  exhibits  the  main  features 

3,000  Illustrations;  of   The  Historians'   History.     It   will   be 

And  yet  only  7s.  6d.  per  yolume.                                                                                       sent   gratis    and    post   free    on    request.. 

We  offer  to  send  you  the  entire  25  volumes  of  The  Historians'  History,  carriage  paid,  for  free  examination  in 
your  own  home.  Yoii  may  keep  the  books  for  a  whole  week,  and  use  them  precisely  as  if  they  were  your  own. 
Should  you  not  decide  to  purchase  them,  we  will  pay  the  return  carriage,  and  you  will  incur  no  obligation 
or  expense  of  any  kind.  You  need  assign  no  reason  for  returning  them.  You  tvill  have  no  trouble  in 
unpacking  or  packing  them,  since  they  will  be  sent  ready  for  use  in  a  special  oak  bookcase.  The  utmost 
you  need  do  is  to  loosen  a  few  screws  in  the  lid  of  the  packing-case,  and  there  loill  be  no  litter  of  straw 
or  paper.     This  offer  is  the  best  guarantee  of  our  confidence  in  the  book. 


A  World  History 

World  history  is  one  unbroken  drama,  as  Freeman  says, 
no  part  of  which  can  be  rightly  understood  without 
reference  to  the  other  parts  which  come  before  and  after  it. 
The  Historians'  History  of  the  World  describes  human 
evolution  in  its  broadest  aspect.  It  ranges  from  5000  B.C. 
to  1907  A.  IX,  and  covers  the  globe  from  Pole  to  Pole.  Test 
its  wide  and  universal  outlook  for  yourself,  by  accepting 
our  offer  of  a  week's  free  examination  of  the  complete  work 
in  your  own  home. 

An  Authentic  History 

The  first  commandment  of  history  is  to  be  authentic. 
The  Historians'  History  of  the  World  is  the  product  of 
the  highest  modern  scholarship  applied  to  the  most 
authentic  sources.  It  utilizes  the  best  accounts  written  by 
the  greatest  historians  of  the  leading  events  in  world 
history.  Thus  the  book  represents  the  closest  approach  yet 
made  to  the  ultimate  truth  on  world  history.  Test  this 
claim  for  yourself,  by  accepting  our  offer  of  free  examina- 
tion. 

A  Readable  History 

A  good  history  must  be  readable  as  well  as  authentic. 
The  Historians'  History  of  the  World  describes  all  great 
events  and  personalities  in  the  language  of  the  best  writers. 
The  result  is  a  book  that  unites  the  human  interest  of  the 
best  fiction  to  the  authenticity  of  real  life.  We  cannot 
prove  by  mere  assertion  that  no  reader  will  find  the  book 
dull,  but  we  invite  you  to  test  it  for  yourself  by  accepting 
our  offer  of  free  examination. 


A  Pictorial  History 


A  very  full  pictorial  presentation  of  world  history  is  in- 
cluded in  The  Historians'  History  of  the  World,  which 
contains  more  than  3,000  portraits  and  other  illustrations, 
chosen  for  the  light  which  they  throw  upon  history.  They 
illustrate  the  personages,  costume,  arms,  and  domestic  im- 
plements, art,  manners,  and  customs  of  all  nations.  The 
value  of  this  great  picture  gallery  will  be  best  apparent  if 
you  accept  our  offer  of  free  examination. 


An  Impartial  History 


All  adequate  world  history  must  be  impartial.  But  it  is 
well-nigh  impossible  for  any  single  historian  to  free  himself 
from  every  form  of  bias.  A  high  standard  of  critical  im- 
partiality can  only  be  attained  by  the  co-operative  effort  of 
such  a  cosmopolitan  group  of  scholars  as  are  responsible 
for  The  Historians'  History  of  the  World.  Test  the 
scrupulous  impartiality  of  the  work  for  yourself  by  accept- 
ing our  offer  of  free  examination. 


An  Educative  History 


A  Many-Sided  History 


An  adequate  world  history  must  take  account  of  all  de- 
partments of  human  activity.  The  Historians'  History  of 
the  World  describes  the  political  and  military  achieve- 
ments of  mankind,  their  social  conditions,  their  religions 
and  philosophies,  their  industry  and  commerce,  their  arts, 
sciences,  and  literatures.  Test  it  for  yourself,  by  accepting 
our  offer  of  free  examination. 

A  Great  Work  of  Reference 

We  have  hitherto  spoken  of  The  Historians'  History  of 
the  World  in  its  primary  aspect  as  a  book  to  be  read.  But 
it  is  also  a  gTeat  question-answerer,  or  work  of  reference. 
It  contains  all  tho  Important  facts  of  world  history,  shown 
in  their  true  atmosphere  and  relations— not  set  forth  in  the 
dry  and  disjointed  fashion  of  an  encyclopedia.  Yet  each 
of  these  innumerable  facts  is  readily  discoverable  by  the 
reader,  thanks  to  an  elaborate  system  of  guides  to  the  text. 
The  total  expeiience  of  humanity  is  thus  put  at  the  instant 
M-rvice  of  the  inquirer.  We  invite  you  to  test  this  for 
yourself  by  accepting  our  offer  of  free  examination. 


History  is  thus  an  important  factor  in  education — not 
merely  in  the  education  of  the  young,  but  also  in  that  riper 
and  more  lasting  education  which  is  co-extensive  with 
human  life.  The  story  of  world  progress,  as  told  in  The 
Historians'  History,  may  be  read  with  profit  and  under- 
standing by  any  intelligent  boy  or  girl,  as  well  as  by  the 
mature  man  or  woman.  From  such  a  study  of  world 
history  the  rising  generation  must  derive  a  wider  mental 
horizon,  a  truer  understanding  of  human  nature,  a  clearer 
comprehension  of  the  causes  that  are  dominant  in  the 
practical  world,  than  can  be  attained  in  any  other  way. 
Further,  history  is  "the  school  of  statesmanship" — a  text- 
book of  patriotism  and  those  valuable  qualities  which 
make  for  good  citizenship.  It  teaches  "  what  makes  a 
nation  happy  and  keeps  it  so,"  by  showing  how  great 
Empires  have  grown  up  and  decayed.  Prussia  after  Jena 
and  France  after  Sedan  recognized  this  fact  by  reorganizing 
the  study  of  history  in  their  schools,  as  a  step  towards  the 
regeneration  of  their  people.  One  of  the  chief  aims  of  the 
editors  has  been  to  throw  the  great  political  and  practical 
lessons  of  history  into  a  shape  available  for  general 
instruction.  Test  this  at  our  expense,  by  accepting  our 
offer  to  send  you  the  complete  work  for  a  week's  free 
examination  in  your  own  home. 


A  Wonderfully  Cheap  Book 

The  Times  publishes  The  Historians'  History  of  the 
World  at  "*-.  M.  per  volume,  though  each  volume  contains 
four  times  as  much  as  tho  average  book  at  7*.  M.,  and 
compares  favourably  in  paper,  print,  and  binding  with 
guinea  books.  The  low  price  is  solely  attributable  to  a 
new  and  rational  method  of  publishing. 


A  New  Method  of  Publishing 

The  price  of  a  new  book  is  determined  by  three  factors,, 
which  depend  respectively  on  the  treatment  of  capita! 
outlay,  the  cost  of  manufacture,  and  the  publisher's  profit. 
There  is  a  generic  difference  between  the  old  and  new 
methods  of  treating  capital  outlay.  Publishers  insist  on 
recovering  their  whole  capital  outlay  by  the  sale  of  a  small 
edition  at  a  high  price,  and  then  reduce  the  price  to  reach 
a  larger  public.  We  prefer  to  distribute  the  capital  outlay 
over  the  whole  sale  of  the  work,  and  thus  diminish  the 
Capital  Factor  by  at  least  four-fifths.  The  Production 
Factor,  which  is  the  actual  cost  of  manufacturing  each 
volume,  is  similarly  reduced  by  the  expectation  of  a  large 
sale,  permitting  considerable  economies  in  printing,  binding, 
and  the  price  of  raw  materials.  The  Profit  Factor  depends- 
on  the  policy  of  the  publisher.  By  preferring  a  small  profit 
per  volume  on  a  large  sale  to  a  large  profit  per  volume  on  a 
small  sale,  it  is  possible  still  further  to  reduce  the  price. 

First  Edition  Cheapest 

One  result  of  this  method  of  publishing  is  that  the  first 
edition  is  also  the  cheapest.  The  Tim&s  will  never  lower 
the  price  of  The  Historians'  History  of  the  World,  although' 
it  may  be  necessary  to  raise  it. 

Payment  by  Instalments 

Many  book-buyers  prefer  to  limit  their  monthly  expendi- 
ture. For  their  benefit  The  Times  will  accept  payment  for 
the  work  by  monthly  instalments  of  10s.  6<f.  for  the  cloth- 
bound  volumes,  or  slightly  larger  instalments  for  more 
expensive  bindings. 

The  Descriptive  Booklet 

If  you  wish  to  know  more  about  The  Historians'  History 
of  the  World  before  receiving  it  for  free  examination,  you 
should  apply  for  the  Descriptive  Booklet  of  200  pages,  which 
will  be  sent  gratis  and  post  free.  It  aims  at  exhibiting  the 
main  features  of  the  work,  with  the  aid  of  numerous 
excerpts  and  specimen  pages.  It  describes  the  plan,  scope, 
and  contents  of  the  work,  and  includes  a  full  account  of  the 
new  method  of  publishing  which  enables  us  to  publish  it  at. 
so  low  a  price.  We  hope  that  the  many-sided  interest  of 
this  Booklet  will  excuse  its  necessary  bulk. 

INQUIRY    FORM 

^hc  TEtmCS  (Book  Club),        Date 
380,  Oxford  Street,  London,  W. 
Please  send  me,   gratis  and   post   free,   the  Descriptive 
Booklet  of  The   Historians'   History   of  the   World,    with 
specimen  pages  and  particulars  of  prices  in  various  bindings. 

Name 


(JMease  write  clearly.) 


Address 

At  1 


H:mk,  Profession, ) 
or  Occupation     / 


n<; 


T  II  E     ATII  E  N  J;  l'  M 


No.  U87,  Jan.  26,  L908 


G.    P.    PUTNAM'S    SONS'    LIST. 

A       HISTORY      OF      NURSING. 

The    Evolution   of  the    Methods   of  Care   for  the   Sick    from    the    Earliest  Times  to  the   Foundation   of  the 

First    English   and   American   Training   Schools  for   Nurses. 

]{y    I..W  IMA    L    DOCK,    R.N., 

Secretary  of  the  American  IWttmt  Ion  ol  Hm  m  tad  <>f  the  international  Council  of  Nunct,  Ac., 

And  M.  ADELAIDE  NUTTING,  i:.\  , 

Superintendent  of  Nurses,  The  Johns  Ilopkiim  Hospital  ;    Principal  ol  JohlH  Hopkins,  Training  School  for  Nurses.  A' 

Fully  MluHliateit.     l'  rota.     u\  u.  cloth.  Tit.  net . 
nwrjnnlng  With  the  earliest  available     records  of  sanitary  codes  which  were  built  up  into  liealth  religions,  and   coming  down  through   the  IfM  w  lierever  the  care  and  rowue 
hi  H  it  r.n -I'd,  through  the  pagan  civill/ations,    the  early  Christian  works  ol  mercy,  the   long   and  glorious   history  of   the  religious  nursing  orders,   military   nursing  or 
Crusades,  the  secular C  immunities  ol  the  later  middle  ages,  and  the  revival  of  the  Deaconess  order  which  culminated   in  the  modern  revival    u 
«uu.-t  serious  .it  tempt  yet  made  to  collect  the  scattered  records  Ol  the  Care  Of  the  sick  and  luing  them  all  Into  one  unified  and  sympathetic  presentation. 


THE  LIFE  OF  GOETHE.     By  Albert  Bielschowsky. 

Authorized  Translation  from  the  German  by  WILLIAM   A.  COOPER,  Assistant  Professor  of  German  in  the  Leland  Stanford  Junior   I'. 

In  X  volume*,  fully  illustrated.     Hvo,  cloth,  16s,  net  each. 

Vol.  I.  FROM  BIRTH  TO  THE  RETURN  FROM  ITALY. 

Vol.  II.  FROM  THE  ITALIAN  JOURNEY  TO  THE  WARS  OF  LIBERATION.  17881815. 

IN  THE  PRESS: 

VOL.  III.    FROM  THE  CONGRESS  OF  VIENNA  TO  THE  POET'S  DEATH,  1815-1832. 

Dr.  Dielschowsky  wiis  acknowledged  as  the  foremost  authority  on  Goethe  of  recent  time.  His  Mography  embraces  the  results  of  all  previous  study  of  Goethe,  and  in  addition 
includes  a  great  many  distinct  contributions  to  our  knowledge  of  his  times  and  works,  especially  ol  how  the  writings  are  the  faithful  expression  of  the  man  in  the  various  phases  of 
his  development. 


THROUGH      ITALY    WITH     CAR     AND     CAMERA. 

By    DAN    FELLOWES    PLATT.  With   200    Illustrations.  8vo,  cloth  extra,  gilt  top,  2l«.  net. 

"  Our  trip  was  unique.  One  after  the  other,  small  and  large,  the  centres  of  Italy's  past  artistic  activity  were  visited.  To  most  of  them  w«-  hail  been  previously,  a  fact  which 
permitted  us  sufficient  speed  to  keep  unbroken  the  continuity  of  our  general  art  survey.  Art  gave  us  many  happy  hours— hours  well  defined  in  memory.  Xanire  formed  the  setting  and 
more  than  doubled  the  beauty  of  the  whole.     Italy  sums  up  all  of  Nature's  moods  ;  sea,  sky,  and  plain,  lake,  river  and  mountain— she  has  them  ad  in  unsurpassed  variety." 


CATHEDRALS    AND    CLOISTERS    OF     MIDLAND     FRANCE. 

Burgundy,      Savoy,      Dauphine,      Auvergne,      Acquitaine. 

By  ELISE  WHITLOCK  ROSE  and  VIDA  HUNT  FRANCIS, 

Author  of  '  Cathedrals  and  Cloisters  of  the  South  of  France.' 
With  4  Photogravure  and  200  other  Illustrations  from  Original  Photographs,  and  a  Map. 
2  vols,  cloth  extra,  gilt  tops,  stamped  ou  side  with  full  gilt  and  colour,   boxed,   21s.   net. 
These  two  volumes,  uniform  with  '  Cathedrals  of  the  South  of  France,'  are  the  fruit  of  many  successive  summers  spent  in  wanderings  in  "  rare  unspoiled  France  "  where  the 
tourist  and  his  suit-case  are  practically  unknown. 


TABULAR    VIEWS     OF     UNIVERSAL     HISTORY. 

A    Series    of  Chronological  Tables,   Presenting,   in    Parallel    Columns,  a    Record  of  more   Noteworthy   Events 

in  the  History  of  the  World  from  the  Earliest  Times  down  to  1900. 

The  earlier  Tables  prepared  by  the  late  G.  P.  PUTNAM  have  been  continued  to  date,  on  the  same  general  plan,  by  LYNDS  E.  JONES  and  SIMEON  STRUNSKY. 

New  Edition,  Revised  and  Enlarged.    8vo,  half-leather,  10s.  6d.  net. 


RELIGION  OF  THE  YEDA :  The  Ancient  Religion  of  Yeda. 

(From  Rig-Veda  to  Upanishads.)  By  MAURICE  BLOOMFIELD,  Professor  of 
Sanskrit  and  Comparative  Philology  in  Johns  Hopkins  University.     8vo.  cloth,  lis. 

[American  Lectures  on  the  liistory  of  Religions. 
This   volume  presents  interestingly,   and   brings   out  as   markedly   as  possible,  the 
development  of  the  religious  thought  of  the  Veda  in  distinction  from  myth  and  ceremony. 
*»*  For  other  Volumes  in  this  Series,  see  General  Catalogue. 

THINKING,  FEELING,  DOING.     An  Introduction  to  Mental 

Science.  By  E.  W.  SCRIPTURE,  Ph.D.  M.D.  With  Diagrams.  Crown  8vo,  cloth, 
9j.  net. 

Among  the  special  features  of  the  book  may  be  mentioned  the  wealth  of  illustrations 
showing  experiments  in  every  department  of  mental  life,  clear  and  concise  descriptions  of 
experiments  on  the  time  of  thought  and  .action,  the  remarkable  chapter  in  colour,  the 
entertaining  one  on  binocular  vision,  the  summary  of  Windt's  new  theory  of  the  feelings, 
t  he  practical  instructions  for  training  attention  and  improving  memory,  the  sketches  of 
tuggestion  by  hypnotism,  &c. 

CHRISTIAN  SCIENCE.    Its  Relation  to  Philosophy,  Science, 

and  Religion.    By  LYMAN  P.  POWELL.     Crown  8vo,  cloth,  5s.  net. 

The  dry,  white  light  of  publicity  is  now  beating  mercilessly  upon  Christian  Science,  its 
founder,  its  history,  its  import.  A  great  mass  of  facts,  heretofore  known  to  but  few,  have, 
thanks  to  magazines,  critical  reviews,  lawsuits,  &c,  l>een  uncovered  and  dragged  into 
the  daylight. 

ROMANCE  OF  THE  ITALIAN  VILLAS.     By  Elizabeth  W. 

CHAMPNEY,  Author  of '  Romance  of  the  French  Abbey*,' '  Bourbon  Chateaux,'  &c. 
With  9 Photogravure,  1  Coloured  and  44  other  Illustrations.  8to,  cloth  extra,  gilt 
top,  uncut  edges,  in  box,  15s.  net. 


ALPINE  FLORA  OF  THE  CANADIAN  ROCKY  MOUNTAINS. 

By  STEWARDSON  BROWN.  Fullv  illustrated  with  :  1  \V;iter-Colour  Drawings  and 
98  Photographs  by  Mrs.  CHARLES  SCHAFFER.  Crown  Svo,  cloth,  12*.  6d.  ner. 
Mrs.  Schiiffer,  widow  of  the  late  Dr.  Chas.  Schiiffer  (a  well-known  scientist  of  Phila- 
delphia), has  spent  seventeen  summers  in  this  vast  mountain  playground  of  the  Canadian 
Rockies.  Her  husband  quickly  recognized  a  new  field  for  original  work  among  the  northern 
flora,  and  Mrs.  Schiiffer,  under  his  guidance,  began  a  collection  of  the  rarer  plr.nts  by 
reproducing  them  in  water-colours  and  photography. 

PRISONERS  OF  CHANCE.    By  Randall  Parrish,  Author  of 

'When  Wilderness  was  King,'  'My  Lady  of  the  North,'  4c.    With  Illustrations  iu 

Colour.    Crown  Svo,  cloth,  Hs. 
Mr.  Parrish's  latest  novel  is  a  romance  of  the  province  of  Louisiana  during  the  stirring 
last  years  of  the  eighteenth  century.     His  hero  is  a  young  Englishman  who  meets  ifllJTf 
adventures  among  Frenchmen  and  Spaniards,  and  with  survivors  of  the  ancient  r.t- 
mound-builders. 

PRINCESS 

cloth,  6s. 

This  novel  brings  together  a  charming  groupof  women  and  an  interestine  company  i  I 
men,  most  of  them  belonging  to  the  great  world  of  rank  or  the  brilliant  world  of  fashion. 
The  scene  is  laid  largely  in  Italy. 

THE     NORTHERN     ITALIAN    PAINTERS    OF    THE 

RENAISSANCE.  By  BBRNHARD  BBRENSON,  Author  of  '  Florentine  Painters  of 
the  Renaissance,'  'Central  Italian  Painters  of  the  Renaissance,'  'Venetian  P.iinv:* 
of  the  Henaissance,'  &c.    Crown  t<vo,  cloth  extra,  illustrated,  6s. 

"  HEROES  OP  THE  NATIONS." 
Fully  illustrated.    Crown  Svo,  cloth  extra,   .">*.    each. 

42.  CHARLES   THE   BOLD,  LAST   DUKE   OF  BURGUNDY. 

1433-1477.    By  RUTH  PUTNAM,  Author  of  '  A  Mediaeval  Princess,'  Jte. 


NADINE.      By  Christian    Reid.      Crown    8yo, 


NEW  LIST,  NOW  READY. 


G.   P.   PUTNAM'S   SONS,   24,   Bedford  Street,  Strand,   London,   and  New  York. 


Editorial  Communications  should  be  addressed  to  "THE  EDITOR  "— Advertisements  and  Business  Letters  to  "  THE  PUBLISHERS  "—at  the  Office.  Bream's  Buildings,  Chancery  lane 
Published  Weekly  by  JUHN  0.  FRANCIS  and  J.  EDWARD  FRANCI8  at  Breams  Buildings.  Chancery  Lane.  E.C.,  and  Printed  hy  J.  EDWARD  FRANCIS.  Athenncum  Press,  Bream  s  Buildings.  Chancery  Lane,  E.C. 

Agents  for  Scotland,  Messrs.  BKLL  A  BRADFUTEand  Mr.  JOHN  MENZIES,  Edinburgh.— Saturday,  January  25.  1S0B. 


THE  ATHEN^UM  U™i'>> 


CV 


Irmntai  0!  CKngltslj  anh  faxaffx  literate*,  Crimes,  tfo  JFitie  Jtrfs,  itusir  attrtiK^^it^; 


Wl 


No.  4188. 


SATURDAY, 


FEBRUARY  1,  1908. 


PRICE 
THREEPENCE. 

REGISTERED  AS  A  NEWSPAPER. 


CkljtMttons. 


T 


HE   EXHIBITION   OF  COLOURED 

COLLOTYPE  REPRODUCTIONS    AFTER 

THE  EARLY  FLEMISH,  GERMAN,  AND 

ITALIAN  MASTERS 

Until  FEBRUARY  as.    Daily  from  10  to  6. 
Admission  on  presentation  of  visiting  card. 

THE  NEW  DUDLEY  GALLERY,  169,  Piccadilly,  W. 

ROYAL     ACADEMY     OF     ARTS. 
WINTER    EXHIBITION. 
Work  by  Old  Masters  and  Deceased  Masters  of  the  British  School, 
including  Special  Collections  of  Pictures  by  Hogarth  and  the  late 
J.  C.  Hook,  R.A. 

Open  from  9  a.m.  to  6  p.m.  Admission  Is.   Catalogue  6d.  Season 
Ticket  58. 

EARLY  BRITISH  SCHOOL.— SHEPHERD'S 
WINTER  EXHIBITION  of  PORTRAITS  and  LANDSCAPES 
by  EARLY  BRITISH  MASTERS  is  NOW  OPEN.— SHEPHERD'S 
GALLERY,  27.  King  Street,  St.  James's. 


F 


RENCH   PORTRAITS   AND   MEZZOTINTS 

By  NANTEUIL.  VAILLANT.  &c. 

NOW  ON  VIEW  at  Mr.  R.  GUTEKUNSTS, 

16,  King  Street,  St.  James's,  S.W.     10-6  Daily,     is. 


Q     P    A    N    I    S     H 

A  R  T 

ri     A    L    L    E    R    Y, 

50,     CONDUIT    STREET,    LONDON,     W. 

ART    DEALERS    AND    IMPORTERS 
OF    ANTIQUITIES     FROM     SPAIN. 

Antique  Embroideries,  Brocades, 
Velvets,  Persian  Rugs,  Armour, 
Furniture,  Gothic  Pictures, 
China,      Silver,      Enamels,     &c. 

RARE      MUSEUM      OBJECTS. 


(B  durational. 

riHAILLY,      NEAR      LAUSANNE 
(SWITZERLAND). 

M.  and  Mme.  AUG.  BRIDEL 

will  take,  en  pension, 

CHILDREN  OR  YOUNG  GENTLEMEN 

WISHING  TO  LEARN  FRENCH. 

Every  home  comfort  and  care. 

House  beautifully  situated.    Perfect  sanitation. 

References :  M.  GaUand,  British  Consul  at  Lausanne,  and 
others  on  application. 

Apply    to    M.    AlCJ.    BRIDEL,    Box    11684,    Lausanne, 
Switzerland. 

TUITION     BY     CORRESPONDENCE.—  For 
Matriculation,    Responsions,    B.A.   Scholarships.    Pro* 
ninarles,  Tuition    in    Latin.  Greek,    French,   German.    Italian 
Mathematics.    Mechanics,    Physic*,    Chemistry,    Psychol 
Political  Economy.  Book  Keeping,  fee.     st.atr  Includes  Gradu 
Oxford.  Cambridge.   London,  and  Royal  Universities.— Address  Mr 
J,     CHARLESTON,     P.. A.,    Burlington     Corresponden 
Clapham  Common,  London,  S.W. 


THE  DOWNS  SCHOOL,  SEAFORD,  SUSSEX. 
Head  Mistress— Miss  LUCY  ROBINSON,  M.A.  (late  Second  Mis- 
tress  St.  Felix  School,  Southwold).  References:  The  Principal  of 
Bedford  College,  London  ;  The  Master  of  Peterhouse,  Cambridge. 

EDUCATION. 
Parents  or  Guardians  desiring  accurate  information  relative  to 
the  CHOICE  of  SCHOOLS  for  BOYS  or  GIRLS  or 
TUTORS  in  England  or  Abroad 
are  invited  to  call  upon  or  send  fully  detailed  particulars  to 
MESSRS.  GABBITAS,  THRING  &  CO., 
who  for  more  than  thirty  years  have  been  closely  in  touch  with  the 
leading  Educational  Establishments. 

Advice,  free  of  charge,  is  given  by  Mr.  THRING,  Nephew  of  the 
late  Head  Master  of  Uppingham,  36,  Sackville  Street,  London,  W. 


Situations  Itarant. 


Q,UEEN'S        COLLEGE, 
'  HARLEY    STREET,    W. 

The  PROFESSORSHIP  of  ENGLISH  LANGUAGE  and  LITERA- 
TURE is  VACANT. 

Applications  should  be  sent  in   by  FEBRUARY  22.  addressed  to 
THE  WARDEN,  who  will  furnish  particulars. 


UNIVERSITY       OF       SHEFFIELD. 


rriHE 

APPOINTMENT  OF  DEMONSTRATOR  IN  BOTANY. 

The  COUNCIL  are  about  to  appoint  a  DEMONSTRATOR  in 
BOTANY.    Salary  1507.  per  annum. 

Applications  should  be  made  to  the  undersigned,  from  whom 
further  particulars  may  be  obtained,  not  later  than  FEBRUARY  22, 
1908.  W,  M.  GIBBONS,  Registrar. 


T 


HE  ROYAL  AGRICULTURAL  COLLEGE, 

CIRENCESTER. 
A  new  PRINCIPAL  of  the  COLLEGE  will  be  REQUIRED  at  the 
END  OF  THE  ENSUING  SUMMER  TERM.— Applications  for  the 
post,  accompanied  by  copies  of  not  more  than  six  Testimonials, 
must  be  addressed  forthwith  to  E.  B.  HAYGARTH,  Secretary  to 
the  R.  A.  College,  Cirencester,  from  whom  all  particulars  may  be 
obtained. 


H 


EAD-MASTERSHIP. 


SOLIHULL  GRAMMAR  SCHOOL,  WARWICKSHIRE. 

The  HEAD-MASTERSHIP  of  this  SCHOOL  will  become  VACANT 
at  EASTER. 

The  Head  Master,  who  must  be  a  Graduate  at  some  University  in 
the  United  Kingdom,  will  receive  a  fixed  yearly  Stipend  of  \50l.,  and 
in  addition  a  Capitation  Grant  of  2/.  per  Boy.  There  are  at  present 
135  Boys  in  the  School,  of  whom  40  are  Boarders. 

The  Head  Master's  Residence,  which  is  free  of  Rent,  Rates,  and 
Taxes,  will  accommodate  50  Boarders. 

There  is  a  further  allowance  of  180!.  a  year  to  meet  the  expenses  of 
Gas,  Coal,  Water,  Ac. 

The  Assistant  Masters  are  paid  by  the  Governors. 

Applications  and  fifteen  copies  of  recent  Testimonials  must  be 
forwarded  to  me  on  or  before  FEBRUARY  29,  1908. 

A.  STAINTON,  Clerk  to  the  Governors. 

Solihull. 


QIT 


O  F 


LIVERPOOL. 


EDUCATION  COMMITTEE. 


SECONDARY  SCHOOL  FOR  GIRLS,  AIGBURTH  VALE. 
APPOINTMENT  OF  HEAD  MISTRESS. 
The  LIVERPOOL  EDUCATION  COMMITTEE  invites  applica- 
tions for  the  appointment  of  HEAD  MISTRESS  of  the  AIGBURTH 
VALE  SECONDARY  SCHOOL  FOR  GIRLS,  a  New  School  in 
course  of  erection,  which  will  be  opened  for  the  reception  of  Pupils 
in  SEPTEMBER  NEXT. 

The  Head  Mistress  must  have  had  experience  in  the  work  of 
Secondary  Schools.    The  Salary  has  been  fixed  at  400!.  a  year. 

Application  must  be  made,  on  or  before  FEBRUARY  18.  IMS,  on 
Forms  which,  together  with  full  information  as  to  the  appointment, 
may  be  obtained  on  application  to  the  undersigned. 

.TAMES  G.  LEGGE.  Director  of  Education. 
Education  Office.  14,  Sir  Thomas  Street,  Liverpool, 
January  23.  1908. 


B 


RISTOL    EDUCATION    COMMITTEE. 


FAIRFIELD  SECONDARY  SCHOOL. 
WANTED,  at  the  beginning  of  next  Term,  a  FORM  MASTER, 
with  special  qualifications  in  Mathematics;  one  who  will  take  part 
in  the  coriwrate  life  of  the  School.  Salary  130!.  per  annum,  with 
annual  increments  of  10!.  to  170!.  per  annum.  In  calculating  the 
initial  Salary,  credit  will  be  given  for  half-length  service  in  a 
Secondary  School. — Forms  of  Application,  which  must  be  returned  on 
or  before  THURSDAY,  February  13,  liiox,  may  be  obtained  by 
sending  a  stamped  addressed  foolscap  envelope  to  THE  SECRE- 
TARY. Education  Office,  Guildhall,  Bristol. 

January  28, 11)08, 

OUNTY      OF      LONDON. 


C 


The  LONDON  COUNTY  COUNCIL  invites  applications  for  the 
appointment  of  a  MISTRESS  <>F  ART  at  the  L.C.C.  TRADE 
SCHOOL  FOR  GIRLS,  to  be  held  at  some  Central  Institution. 
Salary  120!.  a  year,  rising  by  annual  Increments  of  :>/.  to  a  maximum 
of  100!.  a  year.  Applicants  must  have  had  experience  in  Design  for 
industrial  jmrposes. 

Applications  should  be  made  on  the  Official  Form,  to  be  obtained, 
together  with  particulars  of  the  appointment,  from  the  clerk  of  the 
Council.  Education  offices,  victoria  Embankment,  W.O.,  to  whom 
the; most  be  returned  not  later  than  11  *.m  .  on  FEBRUARY  12. 
1908,  accompanied  by  conies  of  three  Testimonials  of  recent  date, 

Candidates  applying  through  the  post  for  the  Form  of  Application 
should  enclose  a  stamped  and  addressed  envelope. 

Canvassing,  either  directly  or  indirectly,  "ill  be  held  to  be  I  ilis 
qualification  for  employment. 

Full  particulars  of  apr»ointments  in  (lit-  Council's  avrvloe  are  given 
in  the  London  County  Council  Qatettt,  which  i«  published  weekly,  and 
can  be  obtained   from  the  Council's  Publishers,  Messrs.  P.  S.  Ring  ,t 

Bon.  2  and  4,  Great  Smith  Street,  Wesl  minster,  s  w  .  price  (Including 
postage!  ljcl,  an  issue,  or,  for  the  year,  a  prepaid  subscription  of  Bs  9ft, 
Q.  L.  OOMME,  Clerk  of  the  London  County  CounciL 
Education  Offices,  Victoria  Embankment,  W.C 
Jann  i 


Yearly  Subscription,  free  by  post,  Inland, 
15s.  3d. ;  Foreign,  18s.  Entered  at  the  New 
York  Post  Office  as  Second  Class  matter. 


c 


OUNTY       OF       LONDON. 


The  LONDON  COUNTY  COUNCIL  invites  applications  for  appoint- 
ment, to  the  post  of  ASSISTANT  INSPECTOR.  The  Salary  will  be 
2501.  a  year,  rising  by  annual  increments  of  15!.  to  a  maximum  of 
400!.  a  year.  The  person  appointed  will  be  under  the  control  of  the 
Chief  Inspector  (Education),  and  will  be  required  to  give  hi6  (or  her) 
whole  time  to  the  duties  of  the  Office,  and  to  such  other  duties  as  may 
be  entrusted  to  him  (or  her),  including  the  inspection  of  Public 
Elementary  Schools,  Evening  Schools,  and  other  Educational  Insti- 
tutions.   Women  are  eligible  for  this  appointment. 

Canvassing,  either  directly  or  indirectly,  will  be  held  to  be  a  dis- 
qualification for  appointment. 

Applications  should  be  made  on  the  Official  Form,  to  be  obtained, 
together  with  particulars  of  the  appointment,  from  the  Clerk  of  the 
London  County  Council,  Education  Offices,  Victoria  Embankment, 
W.C,  to  whom  they  must  be  returned  not  later  than  11  a.m.  on 
MONDAY',  February  17,  1908,  accompanied  by  copies  of  three  Testi- 
monials of  recent  date. 

Candidates  applying  through  the  post  for  the  Form  of  Application 
should  enclose  a  stamped  and  addressed  envelope,  endorsed  "  Assistant 
Inspector." 

Full  particulars  of  the  Council's  requirements  as  to  appointments 
vacant  are  given  in  the  London  County  Council  Gazette,  which  iB 
published  weekly,  and  can  be  obtained  from  the  Council's  Publishers, 
Messrs.  P.  S.  King  &  Son.  2  and  4,  Great  Smith  Street,  Westminster. 
S.W.,  price  (including  postage)  1W.  an  issue,  or,  for  the  year,  a  pre- 
paid subscription  of  Ks.  &!. 

G  L.  GOMME.  Clerk  of  the  London  County  Council. 

Education  Offices,  Victoria  Embankment,  W.C. 
January  29,  1908. 

THE  GOVERNMENT  of  CEYLON  require  a 
SCIENCE  MASTER  for  the  ROYAL  COLLEGE.  COLOMBO, 
to  teach  Chemistry  and  Physics  for  London  University  Pass  Examina- 
tions, including  the  Inter.  B.Sc.  Salary  350!.,  rising  to  4501.  by  annual 
increments  of  25!..  subject  to  deduction  of  4  per  cent,  as  contribution 
to  pensions  of  widows  and  orphanB  of  Government  officers.  Free 
passage  to  Colony.  Post  pensionable.  Candidates  should  be  between 
24  and  35,  Honours  Graduates  in  Science  of  a  University  of  the 
United  Kingdom,  with  not  less  than  three  vears'  teaching  experience. 
Applications  6hould  be  sent  before  FEBRUARY  15  to  THE 
ASSISTANT  PRIVATE  SECRETARY',  Colonial  Office,  S.W.,  and 
envelopes  should  be  marked  with  the  name  of  the  post  applied  for. 
Copies  only  of  Testimonials  (not  more  than  six). 

ENT  EDUCATION  COMMITTEE. 


K 


SITTINGBOURNE  HIGHER  EDUCATION  SUB-COMMITTEE. 
COUNTY  SCHOOL  FOR  GIRLS. 
WANTED,  in  MAY  NEXT,  an  ASSISTANT  MISTRESS  for  the 
above-named  School,  specially  qualified  to  teach  Geography  and  Elemen- 
tary Mathematics.  Scripture  or  English  desirable.  Initial  Salary  100!. 
to  110!.  per  annum,  according  to  qualifications  and  experience,  rising, 
in  accordance  with  the  Committee's  Scale,  by  annual  increments 
of  7!.  10s.  for  the  first  two  years,  and  then  by  5Z.  to  a  maximum  of 
140!.  or  150!.  Applications  must  be  made  on  Forms,  to  be  obtained 
from  Mr.  F.  BRIGDEN,  London  Road,  Sittingbourne,  and  must  be 
forwarded,  as  early  as  possible,  to  Miss  L.  H.  FREEMAN,  Head 
Mistress,  County  School  for  Girls,  Sittingbourne.  Canvassing  will  be 
considered  a  disqualification. 

By  Order  of  the  Committee, 

FRAS.  W.  CROOK,  Secretai-v, 
Caxton  House,  Westminster,  January  24,  1S08. 


^ituaiians  Mtantr-ti. 

MR.  S.  A.  VIRGO,  for  past  ten  years  Country 
Representative  to  Messrs.  Hodder  &  Stoughton.  having 
severed  his  connexion  with  that  Firm,  is  desirous  of  NEW  APPOINT- 
MENT. Good  connexion.  Excellent  Testimonials— Address  94, 
llarnmead  Road.  Beckenham. 

GENTLEMAN,  age  33  years,  B.A.,  Trin.  Coll. 
Camb.,  three  years'  business  experience  as  Secretary  to  a 
Private  Limited  Company,  seeks  POST  as  SECRETARY',  Private  or 
otherwise.  —  Box  1340,  Atbenosum  Press,  13,  Bream's  Buildings, 
Chancery  Lane,  E.C. 

WANTED,  by  a  GENTLEMAN  of  middle  age 
and  good  family,  a  post  as  SECRETARY-LIBRARIAN  or 
any  position  of  trust.  Moderate  remuneration.  Highest  references. 
— Address  J.  J.,  34,  Colehernc  Road,  South  Kensington,  S.W 

SECRETARY  (LADY)  REQUIRES  POST  to 
M.P.  or  other.  Skilled  Correspondent.  Research,  Precis  Writing, 
Reports.  Committee  Work,  Book  Keeping,  Several  yean* experience. 
Educated  Public  Schools  and  Abroad— Box  1341,  Athenaeum  Press, 
13,  Bream's  Buildings,  Chancery  Lane,  EC. 


jHisrf-Uancous. 


PRIVATE  TOURS  FOR  GENTLEWOMEN.— 
SUNNY  ITALY.  FEBRUARY  96,  One  Month.  Home,  Naples. 
Capri,  Sorrento.  Pompeii,  Florence.  Venice.  Milan,  Genoa  References 
exchanged.— Miss  BISHOP,  87,  St.  Georges  Road,  Kilburn. 


TO  PARENTS  and  GUARDIANS.— EDITOR 
old-established  Publications  is  willing  to  TRAIN  Two  well 
educated  YOUNG  GENTLEMEN  with  Journalistic  capabilities. 
Premium   required;    pari    to   be   returned  In  Salary.     References 

required  and  given.      Comfortable  Offices  in  centre   of    Journalistic 
World.— Address  (letters  only)  1  oi   Ifeesrs    R   F.  White 

Fleet   Stleet,    !'  (' 

CHINA.— A  PUBLISHER  wishes  to  gel  Into 
muni  cation  with  an  author  who  has  been  In  China  and 
who  oould  write  bright,  descriptive  matter  .about  l.vooo  words)  for  a 
BOOK  'IN  NATIVE  LIFE  in  CHINA  Give  qualifications,  by 
letter,  to  CHINA,  Box  133!>,  Athcmr-uni   Pfafj,  i  ■.  Bream's   Building*, 

01  .  Lane,  B.C. 


lis 


tii  K    a tii  i:\'  t:i'  m 


No.  U88,  Fib.  I,  II 


GERMAN  LESSONS  GIVEN  by  UNIA  BRS1  CI 
.:     PrU.tr  or  ...  School.      ,'""V^V'i"rtlV|.'rFHsi''|? 

Mode,  .n.l  01.1  Oarraan  -•  -'  l»i  boor.-  Addr«*.  Ii<»*  ESMoH. 
Gremlin-  ll.-l.  I.  «.rri.»ill.  l'l-».  Cromwell  Road.  Kanilngton. 

"coTinn  wanted  to  complete  the 

AjA,\>y>\>      p0RcH A8K  ol    •    P0BLI8HINCJ    Hi 
■ood  >tati.liiiK      A.Uertlwi    ha*  loni  imrin"  •>'  Uu  T»d»   but 
SwS^lI    Capital      Principal,    ••nlv.    &>•"«.    <",    >■     «' 
An.1.  •  -v  •    King  William  Street,  Strand,  «  ' 

PUBLISHING  O1ALGAMATI0N,       C0- 

UPKRATION      I'l ItcllAHE.    »r    BALI    -  Well  establish..,! 

•ront  making  HUM  ling  Tecl 'I    Book!  ami 

MaoulnM     SEEKS    AMALGAMATION    with  I  more  .Irnllar 

■-.  Ath.-nivum  Pre**,  13.  Bream's  Building..  E.C. 

KESEARCH    WORK  (British    Museum,  Public 
1  Office,  Somarael    HotUM,  ft.-.i.   Indexing,  Tranalatlona. 
T)i*  Wilting     08LBR,  BO,  forest  Mill  Sou,  s.E. 

TO  AUTHORS  and  publishers.— INDEXING, 
Technical.  Scientific,  and  (Jeneral.  carefully  undertaken  by 
Miss  JAMES  an.l  Mis.  V  ItEALES -Excellent  reference..— Care  of 
Rlcliardaon  A  Co.,  25,  Suffolk  8treet,  Pall  Mall  East,  S.W. 

TRANSLATORS  of  LITERARY  WORK  from 
and  into  nil  Ln intimites  REQUIRED  by  TRANSLATION 
OFFICE  Hint.-  Ijinitim^i's  and  lowest  Term*.— CENTRAL  TRANS- 
LATIONS INSTITUTE.  16,  Eastcheap.  K.C. 

ATORTHERN     NEWSPAPER     SYNDICATE, 

i.1  Kendal.  SUPPLIES  EDITORS  witb  LITERARY  MATTER, 
and  invites  Authort  to  auhmit  MSS.  of  Serials.  8hort  Stories,  and 
Articles.  Proposals  for  Serial  Use  of  all  high  class  Literary  Master 
raeelve  careful  and  prompt  consideration.  Telegraphic  Address, 
"Syndicate,  Kendal."  ^^ 

"VANITY  FAIR  ALBUMS.— FOR  SALE,  FIRST 

V  TWENTY-FIVE  VOLS.,  containing  Caricature  Portraits  by  that 
celebrated  Drawer.  Ano  Pellegrini,  also  those  by  'Spy."  nn.l  others. 
The  vols,  are  composed  of  Proof  Copies,  printed  by  hand,  in  imitation 
of  the  Original  Drawings.  In  some  cases  only  Six  Sets  were  drawn, 
and  it  is  believed  that  only  Two  or  Three  Sets  complete  exist.  These 
Tol8.  were  originally  published  at  107.  10».— For  particulars  as  to  price 
apply  to  H..  Box  1342,  Athenteum  Press,  IS,  Bream's  Buildings,  E.C. 

FOR  QUIET  WORK  or  REST  CURE.— TO  BE 
LET.  FURNISHED,  very  small  well-built  HOUSE,  on  Cliffs 
away  from  traffic  ;  S.  Coast ;  bracing  air.  Rent,  for  long  period,  very 
moderate.    Photo.— Write  F.  Q.,  Willing'*,  73,  Knightsbridge. 

A  UTHORS'  MSS. ,  NOVELS,  STORIES,  PLAYS, 

A  ESSAYS  TYPEWRITTEN  with  complete  accuracy,  9d.  per 
1,000  words.  Clear  Carbon  Copies  guaranteed.  References  to  well- 
known  Writers.— M.  STUART.  Allendale,  Kymberley  Road,  Harrow. 

TYPE-WRITING,  9d.  per  1,000  words.  All 
kinds  of  MSS.,  Stories,  Plays.  Novels,  ftc.  accurately  TYPED. 
Clear  Carbon  Copies.  Sd.  per  1.000.  References  to  well-known  Authors. 
Oxford  Higher  Local.— M.  KING,  24.  Forest  Road.  Kew  Gardens.  S.W. 

TYPE-WRITING.— The  WEST  KENSINGTON 
OFFICES.  Authors'  MSS..  Translations,  ftc.  Legal  and  General 
Copying.  Circulars.  Ac  Duplicated.  Usual  terms.  References. 
Established  fifteen  rears— SIKES  &  SIKES.  229.  Hammersmith 
Road.  W.    iPrivate  Address  :  13.  Wolverton  Gardens,  Hammersmith.) 

TYPE-WRITING.— NOVELS,  PLAYS, 
SERMONS,  and  other  MSS.  Accurate  work.  Short  Articles 
by  return  of  post.  Carbon  Copies.  Duplicating  Circulars.  Ac.  Legal 
and  General  Copving.— For  terms  apply  H.  T.  HOW,  43.  Page  Street, 
Westminster.  S.W. 

TYPE-WRITING  undertaken  by  highly  educated 
Women  (Classical  Tripos ;  Cambridge  Higher  Local ;  Modern 
Languages).  Research.  Revision.  Translation.  Shorthand.  Dictation 
Room.-THE  CAMBRIDGE  TYPE-WRITING  AGENCY,  10,  Duke 
Street.  Adelphi,  W.C. 


Catalogues. 


BOOKS.— ALL  OUT-OF-PRINT  and  RARE 
BOOKS  on  any  subject  SUPPLIED.  The  most  expert  Book- 
flnder  extant.  Please  state  wants  and  ask  for  CATALOGUE.  I  make 
a  special  feature  of  exchanging  any  Saleable  Books  for  others  selected 
from  my  various  Lists.  Special  List  of  2,000  Books  I  particularly  want 
post  free.— EDW.  BAKER'S  Great  Bookshop.  1416  John  Bright  Street. 
Birmingham.  Oscar  Wilde's  Poems.  21s..  for  10s.  6d\  ;  Ballad  of 
Reading  Gaol.  5s.    Who 's  Who,  2  vols.  1907.  lis.  net,  for  r>«. 

GLAISHER'S   REMAINDER   BOOK 
CATALOGUE. 
FEBRUARY  SUPPLEMENT  NOW  READY. 

Comprising  all  most  recent  purchases  in 

PUBLISHERS'     REMAINDER     STOCK. 

Books  in  NEW  condition,  at  REDUCED  Prices. 

WILLIAM    GLAI8HER.    Remainder   and    Discount  Bookseller, 

265,  High  Holborn,  London. 


WOODCUT8.  EARLY  BOOKS,  MSS.,  Ac. 

LEIGHTON'S  ILLUSTRATED  CATALOGUE, 
Containing  1,350  Facsimiles. 
Thick  8vo,  art  cloth,  ar>«. ;  half-morocco.  30s. 
Part  XIII.,    Cal— Chrys,   with   161   Facsimiles,  including  Berners's 
Froissarr.   Cambridge   Bindings,    Capgrave,   1516,   Cepio.   1477,    and  a 
Urge  oollection  of  Early  Chronicles.  {Now  ready.    Price?*. 

3.  ft  J.  LEIGHTON. 
40,  Brewer  Street,  Golden  Square,  London,  W. 


FIRST  EDITIONS  of  MODERN  AUTHORS, 
including  Dickens.  Thackeray.  Lever,  Ainsworth  ;  Books  illus- 
trated by  G.  and  R.  Cruikshank.  Phir..  Rowlandson,  Leech.  &c.  The 
largest  and  choicest  Collection  offered  for  Sale  in  the  World.  CATA- 
LOGUES issued  ami  sent  post  free  on  application.  Books  Bought.— 
WALTER  T.  SPENCER.  27.  New  Oxford  Street.  London,  W.C. 

T?IRST-CLASS     GOODS    AT    THIRD-CLASS 

P  PRICES -The  Best  and  Largest  Stock  of  Second-hand  and 
New  Remainder  Books  in  the  World,  25  to  80  per  cent,  reduction 
from  the  published,  prices.  Write  for  our  FEBRUARY  CATA- 
LOGUE, containing  some  7.000  Titles.— W.  H.  SMITH  ft  SON. 
Library  Department.  1M,  Strand,  London,  W.C. 


ANCIENT  ami   MODERN    COINa     Poll 
an.l   Antiquarians  arr   Invited   t«    apply    to    Kl'INK    ■> 
I.lmllrl    for  r.|*-,lineu  Cony  ifrall.l  of  tbrlr   M'MIHMAIl1     ' 
l.AK      The  finest  Greek    Ron  in   and  English  Coin*  on  li'«   aud  for 
Halrat  Moderate  Prl.  «•       SPINK  ft  H  Kiprrt.     >- 

«u,i  UMalonara,  w.  17.  and  l».  Piccadilly.  Isunduii.  W.    Established 
apwards  of  a  Century. 

CATALOGUE  Na  48.— Drawing!  of  the  Early 
Enuli'li  Behool  Turner '»  l.ll>er  .Slu.lloi  urn  Kiel  nt he.  Eri*Tariii*> 
after  •Turner  — Etchings  by  Turner.  H  Palmar.  Whistler  JapajMM 
Colour-Prints  Fine  Art  Ilooko-Worka  bv  Ku.kln.  Post  free,  l-n 
pance.— WM.  WARD,  t,  Ohuob  Terrace.  Itkhiuoiid.  Murrey. 


JUitljors'  Agcnt5. 

THE  AUTHOR'S  AGENCY.— Established  1879. 
The  interests  of  Authors  onpably  repreaentad.     A 
Publishing  arranged     MSS.  placed  with  Publl  hen      Terms  and  Teati 
moulals  on  application  to  Mr.  A.  M.  B0RGHE8.  H  P»t>-ru«si..-r  Row 

§§ahs  bn  Auction. 

A  Portion  rf the  Library  of  the  latt  It".  I1ENHV   WAL- 
POLE  FREDERICK  MOD  UN-HARRIS. 

MESSRS.  SOTHEBY,  WILKINSON  &  HODGE 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION  at  their  House.  No.  13.  Wellington 
BtTI  '  '.  Strnnd.  W.C  .  on  MONDAY.  February.'!,  nt  1  o'clock  precisely. 
HOOKS  and  MANUSCRIPTS,  comprising  the  Property  of  the  Liter 
A  W.  MACDONALD,  Esq..  Aberdeen;  the  Property  of  lira. 
KENNEDY,  a  Portion  of  the  LIHKARY  of  the  late  Rev.  HENRY 
WALFOLE  FREDERICK  MOHUN -HARRIS  Isold  by  order  of  the 
Administratrix!,  anil  other  Properties,  including  Natural  History 
Books— Works  on  Ireland— Privately  printed  Registers  by  F.  A. 
Crisp— Art  Books— Hennepin's  New  Discovery  in  America,  1696— 
Hcrreru,  General  History  of  America,  6  vols.,  1725-6— Latham's 
Falconry,  16.(3— Killigrew,  Comedies  nnd  Tragedies,  portrait,  1664— 
LinBChoten.  Voyages,  1598— Holinshed's  Chronicles,  First  or  Shake- 
spearean Edition,  2  vols.,  1577  — Purchas,  Hakluytus  Posthumus. 
B  vols..  1625-6.  fine  copy,  &c— including  a  large  number  of  Books  in 
old  calf  bindings,  with  the  fine  Book-plate,  dated  1699,  of  Francis 
Fulford. 

May  be  viewed.    Catalogues  may  be  had. 

The-  Collection  of  Greek  Coins  fanned  bq  the  late  Rev. 
HENRY  ELLIOTT,  and  the  valuable  Collection  of 
English  Coins,  the  Property  of  REGINALD  E.  BAS- 
COMBE,  Esq. 

MESSRS.  SOTHEBY,  WILKINSON  &  HODGE 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  House,  No.  13.  Wellington 
Street.  Strnnd,  W.C.  on  TUESDAY",  February  4,  and  Following  Day, 
at  1  o'clock  precisely,  COINS  and  MEDALS,  including  a  COLLEC- 
TION of  GREEK  COINS  of  Italy.  Sicily.  Greece,  and  Asia  Minor, 
in  Gold.  Silver,  and  Bronze,  collected  by  the  late  Rev.  HENRY 
ELLIOTT;  the  valuable  COLLECTION  of  ENGLISH  GOLD  and 
SILVER  COINS,  the  Property  of  REGINALD  E.  BASCOMBE, 
Esq.,  comprising  Nobles  of  Henry  V.  and  VI.— Unite  and  Half-Unita 
of  the  Commonwealth  — Cromwell  Broad  — Five-Guinea  Pieces  of 
Charles  II.,  James  II..  William  and  Mary,  Anne,  and  George  I.,  in 
Mint  state— Two-Guinea  Pieces  of  the  same  Reigns— Specimen  Mint 
Sets  of  George  IV..  William  IV.,  and  Victoria.  In  Silver  :  Oxford  Half 
Pound  of  Charles  I.— fine  Crowns  of  Edward  VI..  Elizabeth.  James  I. 
of  First  Coinage,  Charles  I.  of  the  Tower,  Exeter,  and  Oxford  Mints. 
May  be  viewed.    Catalogues  may  be  had. 

Silver  Plate  and  Old  English  Porcelain  and  Pottery. 

MESSRS.  SOTHEBY,  WILKINSON  &  HODGE 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION  at  their  House.  No.  13,  Wellington 
Street,  Strand,  W.C,  on  THURSDAY.  February  6,  at  1  o'clock 
precisely.  OLD  ENGLISH  PORCELAIN  and  POTTERY.  Oriental 
and  Continental  China,  Glass,  ftc,  from  various  sources— Silver  Plate, 
Enamels,  ftc. 

May  be  viewed  two  days  prior.    Catalogues  may  be  had. 

Books  and  Manuscripts 

MESSRS.  SOTHEBY,  WILKINSON  &  HODGE 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION  at  their  House.  No.  13,  Wellington 
Street,  Strand,  W.C,  on  TUESDAY.  February  11.  and  Two 
Following  Days,  at  1  o'clock  precisely.  BOOKS  and  MANUSCRIPTS, 
comprising  the  Property  of  Mrs.  H.  S.  CARGEY ;  the  Library  of 
Mrs.  WESLEY7,  deceased,  156,  Holland  Park  Avenue  ;  the  Property  of 
H.  SANDFORD  CLAYE.  Esq.,  Macclesfield  ;  the  Property  of  A.  H. 
MILLER.  Esq.,  Horsham;  the  Property  of  R.  PELTON.  Esq., 
Tunbridge  Wells ;  a  Portion  of  the  Library  of  H.  BUSHBY,  Esq.. 
Wormley  Bury,  Broxbourne,  Herts,  and  other  Properties,  including 
Vale  Press  Publications,  Ulustrated  French  Works— Angling  Books— 
Hearne's  Works,  86  vols,  (many  of  which  are  on  Large  Paper)— First 
Editions  of  Massinger's  Plays— Transactions  of  the  Zoological 
Society.  17  vols.— Gould's  Birds  of  Asia.  7  vols.— Tracts— Holbein 
Society's  Facsimile  Reprints,  13  vols.— Historical  and  Classical 
Works  —  Poetry  —  Topography  —  Arabian  Nights  and  Supplemental 
Nights.  16  vols..  1885-86— Large-Paper  Copies  of  Modern  Works— 
Whitaker's  Loidis  nnd  Elmete.  and  Thoresby's  Ducatus  Leodiensis  by 
Whitaker.  1816— First  Editions  of  the  Writings  of  R.  W.  Emerson, 
O.  W.  Holmes,  J.G.  Whittier.  J.  R.  Lowell,  N.  Hawthorne.  H.  W. 
Longfellow,  and  Walt  Whitman— The  Corsair,  with  Contributions  by 
W.  M.  Thackeray— Fuchsius  de  Historia  Stirpium,  1542,  ftc— an 
Original  Autograph  Manuscript  ol  Robert  Southey— Stuart  Manu- 
scripts—Documents and  Letters— Roxburghe  Club  Publications,  ftc. 
May  be  viewed  two  days  prior,    Catalogues  may  bo  had. 

The  Library  of  H.  C.   BRUNNING,  Esq.,  deceased,  late  of 
Hove,  Brighton,  and  the  Stock  Exchange,  London. 

MESSRS.  SOTHEBY,  WILKINSON  &  HODGE 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION  at  their  House.  No.  13.  Wellington 
Street.  Strand.  W.C.  on  MONDAY.  February  17,  atl  o'clock  precisely. 
HOOKS  nad  MANUSCRIPTS,  comprising  the  Property  of  the  bite 
Miss  CAROLINE  EVERARD.  Laverstock  Hall,  Salisbury,  aud  the 
LIBRARY  of  H.  0.  BRUNNING.  Esq..  deceased,  late  of  Hove, 
Brighton,  nnd  the  Stock  Exchange.  London,  and  other  Properties. 
including  Natural  History  Books— First  Editions  of  the  Writings  of 
Dickens,  Scott.  Rogers,  ftc— Boydell's  Shakespeare  Prints,  ISO;!— 
Books  Illustrated  by  Thomas  Bewick— Dickens's  Pickwick  Papers, 
with  extra, Plates.  1837— La  Fontaine,  Contes,  2  vols.  (Fermiers 
G^neraux  Edition),  1762— Books  illustrated  by  Eisen  and  other 
celebrated  French  Artists— a  fine  collection  of  Modern  Art  Books— 
a  few  Volumes  in  Special  Bindings  executed  by  the  Guild  of  Women 
Binders,  ftc. 

Mny  be  viewed  two  days  prior.    Catalogues  may  be  had. 


MESSRS.  CHRISTIE.  MANSON  &  WOODS 
respectfully  give  notice  that  they  will  hold  the  following 
SALES  bv  AUCTION  at  their  Great  Rooms.  King  Street.  St.  James's 
Square,  the  Sales  commencing  at  1  o'clock  precisely  :— 

On  TUESDAY,  February  4,  OBJECTS  of  ART 

and  VERTU  from  various  Sources. 

On  FRIDAY,   February  7,  PORCELAIN  and 

OLD  ENGLISH  and  FRENCH  DECORATIVE  FURNITURE  from 

various  Sources. 

On     SATURDAY,      February     8.     Important 

PICTURES,  the  Property  of  his  Grace   the  DUKE  OF  SUTHER- 
LAND, KG. 


Lau-  I!',<ki. 

MRfl     HODG80N    *    CO.    will   BELL  bj 
AUCTION   at    their     Rooms.    IU    Chancer.    Laaa     w  I 
TIH'ltHIHV    February  ',.  «t|.       •  «     \  V 
including   the    Proi«-rty   of   the  Ut*    - 

BRUCE.  conipriairiK   .•    H- 1  of  the  low   K':.*u  from  U»»  iii—nnnin 
merit   In    IWU    t-.    1  -«,  In    SJ70  voU  .    half         •  -C   In 

116  vols.— Law  Journal  ReiMiru  from  1"^  to  )nM.    ivji.l.    and  an 
Merles  from  ..,)>-  the    |-  J.laek 

letter  Year  Books.   Best  .Edition    n    Part*,  and   .u,er  Early  Krpuru 
In  tha  various   Courts  —  Bomliay   High  Court    Kei-,rta  and  other- 
Indian  Law— Campbell's    Ruling  (airs.  <M  vob 

Lawiof  England.    13   wis      :.  Kele.tion   of    Koeant  ■     sUo 

i tigs  and  Arundel   H.«  iety  s  Chromolithographs— Ottee  Fumi 
ture.  ftc.  To  l>e  viewed  and  Catalogues  luui. 

Valuable    Miscellaneous    Books. 

MB88R8     BODGSON  £  CO.  will   SELL    by 
AI'CTl'iN.   at    their   Ro-unv    HI     Chancery  Lane     V.  ■ 
WEDNESDAY,  February  12.  and  T.  foaya  at   1  I 

VALUABLE   Ml-   KLLAN  K- 

LIBRART  of  .-.  GENTLEMAN,  oomprlssng  Standard  Work*  in 
History  and    Biography— Sets    of    tin  •..-Modern 

Poetrv— the  Library  Edition  of  Kuokin's  Works,  handsomely  bound. 
f%  vols. -Works  on  Architecture  an<l  the  Fine  ArU—  Books  of 
Reference,  ftc.  Catalogue*  on  application. 

The  Scientific  and  Natural  Histon/  Libraries  of  the  late 
I-rnf.  STEWART  and  others. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  OFFER  for  SALE  an 
TUESDAY,  February  11,  at  half-pant  VI  o'clock,  the  aline. 
whlotl  will  include  the  Raj  Society's  Works— the  Journals  of  various 
Scientific  Societies— Seehohui's  Classification  of  Birds— Proceed r 
the  Royal  Society—  Transactions  of  the  Unman  Society— Portfolio 
of  Prints  and  Etchings;  also  Rckhcnbachia.  Fiist  and  Second  Series 
— Lindenia.  Parts  1  to  69.  ftc. 

Catalogues  on  application  to  the  AUCTIONEER.  3».  King  Street, 
Covent  Garden.  London.  W.C. 


Sales  of  Miscellaneous  Property. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  begs  to  announce  that 
SALES  are  held  EVERY  FRIDAY,  at  his  Rooms.  S«.  King 
Street.  Covent  Garden.  London.  W.C.  for  the  disposal  of  MICRO- 
SCOPES. SLIDES,  and  OBJECTIVES  — Teleacopes— Theodolite*— 
Levels— Electrical  and  Scientific  Instrument* — Camera*.  Len*ea.  and 
all  kinds  of  Photographic  Apparatus— Optical  Lantern*,  with  Slide* 
and  all  Accessories  in  great  variety  by  Be*t  Maker*— Household 
Furniture — Jewellery — and  other  Miscellaneous  Projierty. 
On  view  Thursday  2  to  5  and  morning  of  Sale. 


iftaga$iiust  &c. 


THE  NINETEENTH  CENTURY  AND  AFTER. 
No.  372.     FEBRUARY. 
LABOUR  AND  TARIFF  REFORM.    By  the  Right  Hon.  the  Earl 

of  Dunraven. 
THE  IMPOTENCE  OF  SOCIALI8M.    By  H.  W.  Hoare. 
CRIMINALS    AND    CRIME- A     REJOINDER.       By    Sir    Rot«rt 

Anderson.  K.C.B.,  late  Assistant-Commissioner  of  Police  of  the 

Metropolis. 
THE  MORALITY-  OF  SHAKSPE ARE.     By  H.  Heathcote  Statham. 
THE    FAIRY    MYTHOLOGY    OF   EUROPE  IN    ITS  RELATION 

TO  EARLY  HI8TORY.    By  Arthur  Stewart  Herbert. 
A  CHILD'S  RECOLLECTIONS.    By  Lady  Paget. 
THE    REAL    HERO    OF    THE    NORTHWEST   PASSAGE.     By 

Alfred  Smythe.  F.R.G.S. 
HISTORY  AND  CHARACTER.    By  Dr.  Emil  Reich. 
THE  PALL  MALL  MURDER  OF  1682.     By  Hugh  Childer*. 
CAN  THE  WORKING  CLASSES  SAVE?    A  WORKMAN'S  VIEW. 

By  James  G.  Hutchinson. 
THE  PUBLIC  TRUSTEE.    By  E.  K.  Allen. 
THE    DRAMA    OF   TO-DAY*    AND    THE    PUBLICS    ATTITUDE 

THERETO.    By  J.  H.  Barnes. 
A  VINDICATION  OF  MODERNISM.    By  Henry  C.  Corrance. 
THE  UNIVERSITIES  AND  A  SCHOOL  OF   JOURNALISM.     By 

J.  Churton  Collins.  Professor  of  English  Literature  at  Birmingham 

University. 

London  :  SPOTTI8WOODE  ft  CO..  Ltd.,  5,  New  Street  Square. 

BOOK-LOVER'S        MAGAZINE. 
Vol.  VII.      PART  IT. 
ART  IN  ADVERTISEMENT.    By  Frank  Hamel.    With  24  Hlurtra. 

tions  (4  in  colours). 
RANDOM     RECOLLECTIONS     OF    SWINBURNE.     With    Note* 
towards  n    Bibliography  of  Swinburne  Criticism.    Part  II.    By 
W.  G.  Blaikie  Murdoch. 
ENGLISH    BOOK    ILLUSTRATIONS.     Part    II.      By    Alfred    W. 

Pollard,  Br.Mus.    With  8  Illustrations. 
THE  GLASGOW  CONFERENCE  OF   LIBRARIANS  :  a  Narrative 

and  a  Reflection.    By  Basil  Anderton,  B.A. 
REVIEWS  OF  SOME  RECENT  BOOKS. 

BOOK    PLATES.    By  T.  Sturge  Moore;    J.  Vinycomb.    M.R.I. A. 
David  Becket. 

Subscription  Price  of  volume  20s.  sent  port  free ; 

3s.  !W.  i»st  free  per  part. 

OTTO  SCHULZE  ft  CO.  20,  South  Frederick  Street.  Edinburgh. 

G.  E.  STECHERT  ft  CO.  129-133,  West  20th  8treet,  New  York,  U.8.A. 

THE  BUILDER    (founded     1842),  4,  Catherine 
Street.  London,  W.C,  FEBRUARY"  1st.  contain*:— 
CAMBRIDGE  AND  ARCHITECTURAL  EDUCATION 
THE  LABOUR  PARTY. 

THE  ORTSSELL  MEDAL  DESIGNS  AT  THE  INSTITUTE 
THE  AOUEDICTS  OF  ANCIENT  ROME  -IV. 
STAINED  GLASS  (Architectural  Association). 
SOME  URBAN  LAND  PROBLEMS  (Surveyors'  Institution). 
REINFORCED  CONCRETE  BEAM    FORMULAS   iStudent  I 
Column). 
ILLUSTRATIONS: 

ISLINGTON  CENTRAL  LIBRARY. 
MIDDLE  HILL  HOOK  HEATH.  SURREY. 
CHAPEL  OF  THE  RED  MOUNT,  KINGS  LYNN. 
AQUEDUCTS  OF  ANCIENT  ROME. 

From  Offices  as  ab>ve  (id.,  Ivy  post  4$d.),  at 
Railway  Bookstalls,  Bookshops,  and  of  all  News- 
agents. 

PRIZE  POEMor  MONOLOGUE.— The  EDITOR 
of  the  ANIMALS  GUARDIAN  offers  a  PRIZE  of  FIVE 
GUINEAS  for  the  best  SHORT  POEMor  MONOLOGUE  for  Public 
Recitation  on  the  CRUELTY  and  IMMORALITY  of  VIVISECTION. 
—Manuscripts  must  !*•  sent  not  later  than  FERRUARY  15.  to  the 
EDITOR.  Aittfrsoi*'  Guardian,  IS.  Regent  8treet  meit  door  to  the 
Stores'.  London.  S.W. 

[Continued  on  p.  142.] 


No.  4188,  Feb.  1,  1908 


THE     ATHENAEUM 


119 


SOME  "R.T.S."  RECENT  BOOKS. 

— -♦ — 

THE  BISHOP  OF  DURHAM. 

A  handsome  folio  Gift-Book  (16J  by  111  in.), 
bound  in  white  cloth  gilt,  gilt  tops,  16s. 

SCENES  IN  THE  LIFE 
OF  OUR  LORD. 

Depicted  in  24  Original  Coloured  Drawings  by  HAROLD 

COPPING  (mounted  on  stout  artistic  paper).   Described 

by  the  LORD  BISHOP  OF  DURHAM. 

The  Morning  Post  says  :— "  It  is  difficult  to  say  whether 

the  drawings  or  Dr.  Moule's  simple  but  always  eloquent 

talks  about  them  are  the  most  impressive.     The  artist's 

characterization  is   surprisingly  forcible,  his  grouping  is 

picturesque,  and  his  colouring  is  brilliant,  but  never  glaring 

nor  inharmonious.    Some  of  his  pictures  are  to  be  prized 

indeed." 

THE  BISHOP  OF  DURHAM. 

THE  HIGH-PRIESTLY  PRAYER: 

A  Devotional  Commentary  on  the  Seventeenth 
Chapter  of  St.  John. 

By  H.  C.  G.  MOULE.  D.D.,  Bishop  of  Durham,  Author 
of  'Thoughts  for  the  Sundays  of  the  Year,'  <fcc.  Cloth 
gilt,  3*.  6(i.  [Just  ready. 

The  Church  Newspaper  says:— "Every  chapter  is  cha- 
racterized by  beautifully  simple,  graphic  language,  over- 
flowing from  a  well  of  deep  spiritual  experience,  and 
calculated  to  refresh  and  strengthen  the  faith  of  the  reader." 

A  READABLE  COMMENTARY. 

TWELVE    VOLUMES   ARE  NOW  READY,  Is.  each. 

THE  DEVOTIONAL  COMMENTARY. 

Nothing  quite  like  it. 

GENESIS.  Vol.  I.  By  Rev.  W.  H.  GRIFFITH  Thomas, 
D.D.—  ESTHER.  By  Rev.  Dr.  J.  Elder  Cumming.—  THE 
PSALMS  :  their  Spiritual  Teaching.  By  Rev.  Dr.  J.  Elder 
Cumming.  3  vols.— PHILIPPIANS.  By  Rev.  F.  B.  Meyer. 
—I.  THESSALONIANS.  By  Rev.  A.  R.  Buckland,  M.A. 
—I.  TIMOTHY.  By  Rev.  T.  A.  GuRNEY,  M.A.  LL.B.— 
II.  TIMOTHY.  By  the  Bishop  of  Durham.— PHILEMON. 
By  Dr.  A.  H.  Drysdale.— HEBREWS.  By  the  BISHOP 
OF  DERRY.— JAMES.     By  Rev.  CHARLES  BROWN. 

ANGUS  and  GREEN. 

NEW  CHEAP   EDITION,   REVISED. 

THE  BIBLE  HANDBOOK: 

An  Introduction  to  the 
Study  of  Sacred  Scripture. 

By  JOSEPH  ANGUS,  M.A.  D.D.    Revised  and  partly 

Rewritten  by  Rev.  S.  G.  GREEN,  D.D.    848  pp.  large 

crown  8vo,  cloth,  3s.  6<f.  ;  bound  in  half-paste  grain, 

cloth  sides,  gilt  top,  is.  6d.  net ;  or  in  half-morocco, 

7s.  dd.  net. 

The  British  Weekly  says  :— "This  handbook  of  more  than 

80O  pages  contains  a  mass  of  information  which  cannot 

elsewhere  be  found  in  so  convenient  and  compact  a  form." 

W.  SHAW  CALDECOTT. 

SECOND  EDITION,  large  crown  8vo,  cloth  gilt,  6s. 

SOLOMON'S  TEMPLE : 

Its  History  and  its  Structure. 

By  the  Rev.  W.  SHAW  CALDECOTT,  Member  of  the 

Royal  Asiatic  Society.    With  a  Preface  bv  the  Rev. 

A.  H.  SAYCE,  D.D.  LL.D.     With  a  folded  Plan  and 

8  Illustrations. 
The  Church  Times  says:— "The  book  is  one  of  profound 
interest,  and  none  can  have  such  a  clear  vision  of  the  first 
Temple  as  he  would  desire  who  reads  only  what  predecessors 
of  Mr.  Caldecott  have  written." 

J.  H.  JOWETT. 

NEW  ISSUE,  in  limp  lambskin,  Is.  M.  net. 

MEDITATIONS  FOR 
QUIET    MOMENTS. 

By  the  Rev.  J.  H.  JOWETT,  M.A.,  of  Birmingham. 

St.  James's  Gazette. — "  Simple  and  devout." 
Church  Newspaper.—"  Crisp  little  devotional  studies." 
Christian. — "Thoughtful  and  stimulating." 
Christian  World. — "They  feed  the  mind  as  well  as  the 
spirit."  Literary  World.— "Brief,  earnest,  helpful." 

IAN  MACLAREN. 
ST.  JUDE'S. 

By  IAN  MACLAREN,  Author  of  '  Beside  the  Bonnie 

Brier  Bush,'  &c.     With  10  Full-Page  Illustrations  by 

HAROLD  COPPING.     Large  crown  8vo,  cloth  gilt,  6s. 

The  British  Weekly  says :— "  In  literary  power '  St.  Jude's ' 

is  equal  to  the  best  of  Dr.  Watson's  writings." 

OLIVER  G.  PIKE. 

.71 'ST  READY.— A  NEW  NATURE  GIFT- BOOK. 

ADVENTURES  IN  BIRD-LAND. 

A  Book  for  Boys.  By  OLIVER  G.  PIKE,  Author  of 
'  Home  Life  in  Bird-Land,'  '  Woodland,  Field,  and 
Shore,'  Ac.  With  Coloured  Frontispiece,  4  Photo- 
gravures, and  64  Plates,  containing  100  Photographs 
taken  direct  from  Nature  by  the  AUTHOR.  The  Text 
la  embellished  by  100  Pen  Sketches  by  E.  RICHMOND 
PATON,  printed  in  Monotint  in  the  margins.  Demy 
8vo,  cloth  gilt,  6s.  net. 
The  Guardian  says  :— "  Excellent  illustrations  and  text  in 
an  alluring  formation  make  a  delightful  volume." 

THE   RELIGIOUS   TRACT  -SOCIETY, 
4,  Bouverie  Street,  London,  E.C. 


CAMBRIDGE     UNIVERSITY    PRESS 

THE    CAMBRIDGE    HISTORY   OF    ENGLISH    LITERATURE 

Edited  by  A.  W.  WARD,  Litt.D.,  Master  of  Peterhouse,  and  A.  R.  WALLER,  M.A. 

Volume  I.  of  this  work,  FROM  THE  BEGINNINGS  TO  THE  CYCLES  OF  ROMANCE,  is  now  ready,  price  9s  net 

bound  in  buckram,  or  15s  net  in  half -morocco. 
Press  Notices.  "  The  enterprise  conducted  by  Dr.  Ward   and   Mr.    Waller   promises  to  achieve   as 

notable  a  success   as  the   'Cambridge  Modern  History.' The  book   can   be  read  with 

genuine  pleasure   even  by  those  who  have  but  a   slight  knowledge  of   the  subject.      To 
the  scholar  it  is  simply  indispensable." — Tribune. 

"  It  is  not  so  much  in  the  account  given  of  the  great  lights  of  English  literature  as  in  the 

careful  study  of  the  whole  subject,  a  study  in  which  no  details  are  omitted,  that  the  value 

of  the  '  Cambridge  History  '  is  to  be  found.    Beowulf  is  known  to  every  one,  but  the  minor 

poems  that  appear  to  be  nearly  contemporaneous  with  it ... .  are  less  familiar.    And  they  give 

us  glimpses  of  the  everyday  life  on  which  the  epics  do  not  touch.     The  same  characteristic 

will  be  found  throughout  the  volume.     The  subject  is  treated  with  a  completeness  which 

gives  to  the  work  a  unique  value  for  purposes  of  study  ;  this  value  is  greatly  enhanced  by  the 

bibliographies  which,  as  in  the  'Modern  History,' supplement  the  text." — Westminster  Gazette. 

The  work  will  be  completed  in  fourteen  royal  ootavo  volumes  of  about  500  pages  each.    Each 

chapter,  so  far  as  is   possible,  is  the  work  of  a  writer  specially  familiar  with  the  subject,  while 

the  editors,  Dr.  A.  W.   Ward  and  Mr.  A.  It.  "Waller,  are  jointly  responsible  for  the  whole.    The 

volumes  will  be  sold  separately.    But  there  is  a  special  subscription  price  for  the  complete  work  in 

either  binding,  namely,  £5  5s  net  for  the  buckram  (payable  in  fourteen  instalments  of  7s  6d  on 

publication  of  the  separate  volumes),  and  £8  15s.  net  for  the  half-morocco  (payable  in  fourteen 

instalments  of  12s  6d). 

A  Detailed  Prospectus,  showing  the  Contents  of  Volume  I.  and  the  scope  of  the  other  volumes, 

wilf  be  sent  on  application. 

DECADENCE.     HENRY   SIDGWICK    MEMORIAL  LECTURE. 

By  the  Right  Hon.  A.  J.  Balfour,  M.P.  (Delivered  at  Newnham  College,  January  25, 1908). 

The  decadence  which  the  author  discusses  in  this  lecture  "is  the  decadence 
which  attacks,  or  is  alleged  to  attack,  great  communities  and  historic  civilizations  ; 
which  is  to  societies  of  men  what  senility  is  to  man,  and  is  often,  like  senility, 
the  precursor  and  the  cause  of  final  dissolution." 


Foolscap  8vo 

Is  6d  net 

Ready 

February  4 


GEORGE 

Cunliffe, 


GASCOIGNE : 

M.A 


THE    POSIES.     Edited  by  John  W. 

D.Litt.,  Professor  of  English  in  the  University  of  Wisconsin,  U.S.A. 

"To  students  of  English  poetry  Gascoigne  must  ever  be  an  important  and  inter- 
esting figure Students  and  others  interested,  welcoming  the  present  instalment, 

Crown  8vo  will  pleasurably  anticipate  the  completion  of  Dr.  Cunliffe's  handsome  and  well- 

4s  6d  net  equipped  edition  of  Gascoigne." — Westminster  Gazette. 

"Professor  Cunliffe  has  produced  a  scholarly  reprint,  with  a  minute  and 
laborious  apparatus  criticus  appended." — Manchester  Guardian. 

THE   MODERN   LANGUAGE  REVIEW.     A  Quarterly  Journal 

devoted  to  the  Study  of  Mediaeval  and  Modern  Literature  and  Philology.    Edited  by 
Prof.  John  G.  Robertson,  with  the  assistance  of  an  Advisory  Board. 

Contents  of  Vol.  III.  No.  2.    JANUARY  1908. 
The  Influence  of  Dante  in  Spanish  Literature.     By  W.  H.  Hutton. 
The  Date  of  Chapman's  '  Bussy  D'Ambois.'    By  T.  M.  Parrott. 
Notes  on  some  English  University  Plays.     By  G.  C.  Moore  Smith. 
Dante  and  the  '  Gospel  of  Barnabas.'    By  Lonsdale  Ragg. 
The  missing  Title  of  Thomas  Lodge's  Reply  to  Gosson's  '  School  of  Abuse.'    By  J. 

Dover  Wilson. 
MISCELLANEOUS  NOTES.— Reviews.— Minor  Notices. 

'The  Modern  Language  Review'  appears  four  times  a  year — in  October, 
January,  April,  and  July.  The  annual  subscription  is  8s  net  (post  free  8s  6d), 
payable  in  advance. 

Vol.  I.  (1905-6)  and  Vol.  II.  (1906-7)  may  be  had,  bound  in  buckram,  at  10s  net 
each. 

THE  WORK  OF  JOHN  SAMUEL   BUDGETT,  Balfour  Student 

of  the  University  of  Cambridge.    Edited  by  J.  Graham  Kerr. 

At  a  meeting  of  friends  of  the  late  John  Samuel  Budgett,  held  at  Cambridge  on 
February  8,  1904,  it  was  decided  to  perpetuate  his  memory  by  the  publication  of  a 
Memorial  volume  which  should  contain  reprints  of  his  various  Zoological  Papers, 
together  with  descriptions  of  the  more  important  material  brought  back  by  him  on 
his  various  expeditions.  This  volume,  which  is  now  ready,  contains  a  Collection  of 
his  Zoological  Papers,  together  with  a  Biographical  Sketch  by  A.  E.  Shipley,  F.R.S., 
and  Contributions  by  Richard  Assheton,  Edward  J.  Bles,  Edward  T.  Browne,  J. 
Herbert  Budgett,  and  J.  Graham  Kerr. 


Vol.  III.  No.  II. 
2s  6d  net 


Subscription  Price 


Demy  4to 

with  Portrait  and  28  Plates 

25s  net 


THE  THEORY  OF  LIGHT.     A  Treatise  on  Physical  Optics.    By 

Richard  C.  Maclaurin,  M.A.,  LL.D.,  Professor  of  Mathematics  and  Mathematical  Physics. 
Wellington,  New  Zealand.    In  Three  Parts.    Part  I.  ready  February  5. 


;ive  an 

account  of  the  theory  of  physical  optics  that  is  systematic,  and  as  complete  as 
possible  in  the  limits  within    which    the    author   has  thought  it  expedient  to 


Demy  8vo 

9s  net 

Ready  February  5 


The  aim  of  the  treatise,  of  which  this  volume  forms  the  first  part,  is  to  g 

p\t 
ugi 
confine  himself.  He  hopes  that  the  foundation  has  been  laid  broadly  enough  to 
support  the  whole  superstructure,  and  that  the  mode  of  treatment  will  make 
clear  the  relation  between  light  and  electricity,  when  these  two  sciences  come  into 
contact.  This  will  appear  more  fully  in  the  second  volume,  which  will  deal  with 
those  branches  of  the  subject  not  discussed  in  the  first,  viz.,  such  matters  as 
dispersion,  the  rotations— structural  and  magnetic — aberration,  diffraction,  Ac. 
The  third  volume  will  be  devoted  to  a  history  of  optical  theories. 


SLAVONIC    EUROPE:     a    Political    History    of    Poland    and 

Russia  from  1447  to  1796.  By  R.  Nisbet  Bain,  Assistant  Librarian,  British  Museumr 
Author  of '  Scandinavia,' '  The  First  Romanovs,' '  Gustavus  III.  and  his  Contemporaries,' 
&c. 

This  book  is,  the  author  believes,  the  only  existing  compendium,  in  English,  of 

Crown  8vo  the  political  history  of  Poland  and  Russia,  from  the  middle  of  the  fifteenth  to  the 

5s  6d  net  end  of  the  eighteenth  century,  when  the  Polish  Republic  disappeared  from  the 

_      .     „  ,        _  .  map  of  Kurope  and  the  Russian  Empire  took  its  place  as  the  head  and  right  arm 

Ready  February  5  of  tlhe  slavo,Jic  WorI.I. 

London,  Fetter  Lane:  Cambridge  University  Press  Warehouse:  C.  F.  Clay,  Manager- 


K>0 


T  II  E     AT  II  KXyEUM 


No.  H88.  Feb.  I,  1908 


MACMILLAN  &  CO.'S 

NEW    BOOKS. 


RAMBLING 

RECOLLECTIONS. 

HY 

Sir  HENRY  DRUMMOND  WOLFF. 

With  Photogravure  and  other  Illustrations. 

2  vols.  8vo,  30«.  net. 

Times.—"  At  every  lum  they  Itiiir  U  into  contact  with 

paopll  HBd   thing!  that   nnilt   interest  all   who  care  for 

character  and   pditical  history ...  .The  hook,  as  we  have 

•rail  deserve!  to  be  read,  and  it  is  certain  to  interest 

a  large  public. 

THE  COMING  STRUGGLE 
IN    EASTERN    ASIA. 

By  B.  L.  PUTNAM  WEAI.E,  Author  of  '  Manchu  and 
Muscovite,'  'The  He-Shaping  of  the  Far  East,'  'The 
Truce  in  the  East.'  With  numerous  Illustrations  and 
a  Comprehensive  Map.     8vo,  12*.  lid.  net.       

A  CATALOGUE  RAISONNE' 

OP    THE    "WORKS    OF 

THE  MOST  EMINENT  DUTCH 
PAINTERS  OF  THE  SEVEN- 
TEENTH CENTURY. 

Based    on    the     Work    of    JOHN    SMITH.      By    C. 

HOFSTEDE  DE  GEOOT.     Translated  and  Edited  by 

EDWAED    G.    HAWKE.      In   10  vols.   8vo.     Vol.    I. 

251.  net. 
Vol    I    JAN    STEEN,    GABRIEL    METSU,   GERARD 
DOU'    PIETER    DE     HOOCH,     CAREL    FABEITIUS, 
JOHANNES  VEBMEEE. ___ 

A  NEW   BOOK  ON  BUDDHISM. 

THE  INWARD  LIGHT. 

By  H.  FIELDING  HALL,  Author  of  'The  Soul 

of  a  People, '  &c.    8vo,  10*.  net. 

Daily  Telegraph.— "Mr.  Hall  has  placed  us  newly  in  his 

debt  by  giving  us  a  further  work  of  remarkable  freshness 

and   great  literary  charm,  one  which  most  sympathetic 

readers  will  find,  as  we  have  said,  really  fascinating." 

THE  THRESHOLD  OF  MUSIC. 

An  Inquiry  into  the  Development  of  the  Musical  Sense. 
By  WILLIAM  WALLACE.     Extra  crown  8vo,  5*.  net. 

THE  EVERSLEY  TENNYSON. 

Annotated  bv  ALFEED,  LOED  TENNYSON.  Edited 
by  HALLAM,  LOED  TENNYSON.  Vol.  II.  POEMS. 
Globe  8vo,  4*.  net. 


THE    POCKET    KIPLING. 

Scarlet  limp  leather,  5s.  net  per  vol. 

STALKY  &  CO. 

JAfLES   THOMSON. 

By  G.  C.  MACAULAY.    Crown  8vo,  2*.  net. 

[English  Men  of  Letters. 

NEW  AND  CHEAPEE  EEISSUE 

WILLIAM  RATHBONE. 

A  Memoir.  By  ELEANOE  F.  RATHBONE.  With 
Portraits.     Extra  crown  8vo,  is.  Gd.  net. 

CANON  HENSON'S  NEW  BOOK. 

THE  NATIONAL  CHURCH. 

Essays  on  its  History  and  Constitution,  and  Criticisms 
of  its  Present  Administration.  With  an  Introduction 
by  the  Eev.  J.  LLEWELYN   DAVIES,  D.D.     Crown 

8vo,  6*.  

THE   CENTURY   MAGAZINE. 

ILLUSTEATKD. 

Price  Is.  id.    Annual  Subscription,  16*. 

The  FEBRUARY  Number  contains: 

THE      REMINISCENCES      OF      LADY     RANDOLPH 

CHUECHILL.     IV.     By  Mrs.  George  Cornwallis  West. 

Ill  B  EVOLUTION  OF  LIFE  (Mars  as  the  Abode  of  Life). 

By  Percival  Lowell. 
"SENSE    AND    SENSIBILITY."     An   Autobiographical 

Record.    By  Helen  Keller. 
THIS    SPELL    OF    EGYPT:    AS    REVEALED   IN    ITS 
MONUMENTS.    I.     By  Robert  Hichcns. 

And  numerous  other  Stories  and  Articles  of 
general  interest. 


MACMILLAN  &  CO.,  Ltd.,  London. 


HURST  &  BLACKETTS    APOLOGIA  DIFFIDENTIS, 


L  I  8  T. 


NEW    SIX-SHILLING    NOVELS. 

NOW    READY. 

NEW  NOVEL  BY  R.  NEILSON  STEPHENS, 

Author  of  '  An  Enemy  of  the  King,'  fco. 

AM) 

G.  H.  WESTLEY, 
Author  <jf  '  At  the  Court  of  the  King,'  &e. 

CLEMENTINA'S 

HIGHWAYMAN. 

6  Illustrations  by  ADELAIDE  EVERHART. 


THE       IMBECILES. 

By  L.  LOCKHART  LANG, 

Author  of  '  The  Vulgar  Truth,'  &c. 

"Mr.  L.  Lockhart  Lang  strikes  a  very  bright 
note  on  the  first  page  and  keeps  it  up  to  the  last 
with  unflagging  vigour." — Daily  Graphic. 

"The  author  has  made  an  irresistibly  amusing 
story  of  it." — Birmiiif/ham  Post. 

NEW  NOVEL  BY  EDWARD  H.  HURST. 

THE       MYSTERY      ISLAND. 

With  Coloured  Frontispiece. 

NEW  POWERFUL  STORY  BY  C0ULS0N 
KERNAHAN, 

Author  of  '  Captain  Shannon,'  '  The  Dumpling,'  &c^ 

THE    RED    PERIL. 

IX  THE  PBESS. 
NEW  NOVEL  BY  MRS.  FRED  REYNOLDS. 

ST.  DAVID  OF  THE  DUST. 

NEW  NOVEL  BY  EDWARD  McNULTY. 

MRS.  MULLIGANS  MILLIONS 
GUESSES      AT      TRUTHS. 

Ethical,  Social,  Political,  and  Literary. 
By  DAVID  CHRISTIE  MURRAY. 

Some    "Merlin"    Contributions   to   the   Referee. 
With  a  Portrait.     Crown  Svo,  6s. 

THIRD  IMPRESSION  NOW  READY. 

MRS.   B.    M.    CROKER'S    NEW    INDIAN 

NOVELS. 

THE  COMPANY'S  SERVANT. 

SECOND  EDITION  NOW  READY. 
DOLF   WYLLARDE'S   NEW   NOVEL. 

M  A  F  0  0  T  A. 

With  8  Illustrations. 

JUSTIN  HUNTLY  McCARTHY.-SERAPHICA. 

MISS  BHADDON.-HKR  CONVICT. 

"RITA."-A  MAN  OF  NO  IMPORTANCE. 

GERTRUDE  PAGE— LOVE  IN  THE  WILDERNESS. 

HELEN    PROTHERO    LEWIS. -THE  RUDDER 
AND  THE  ROCK. 

E.     R.     PUNSHON.— THE    MYSTERY    OF     LADY 
ISOBEL.  

HURST    &    BLACKETT,    Limited, 
182,  High  Holborn,  W.C. 


V.y     W.    OOMPTON    LK1TH. 


l>enr. 


"  It  li  a  hard  thing /or  on  author  to  br  (utrodm 

il  u r lit  lit/  tht  ir,l-  jiultlutir,    that 

Tlir  author  u    mat'  >  at 

'nut  and  •'  ' 

ion    in    I't'  raturt  . .  a 
attrmpi  (u  depict  tht  eharaotor  o/a  ■■ 
[thmaol..      In  a  wag  remarkabU."     TIMES. 

"  Mr.   1. 1  ,ili  Iki*  written  a  rrry  Ijeautiful  b'.'.k,  and  J*  rhaps 
II,.  publithor'S  chum  that   thin  udl  proof  a  nrw  'lassie 
inn  l„Mr-   Daii.v  Mail. 

"  A  human  document ...  .a   UtOrary  •  11  of 

subtle  shades  of  thijughl ,  d'  •("»{/•  sug;i'*tion,  and 

human  »yf;i/«J'/i.'/. "      OllSKRVEK. 

"  Unguestionablu  shou-s  fine  feeling  and  poet,:  touah," 

aMjaiu>. 

"Rich,   ripe  philimoplni   . .  .a   rare,  engaging  elo<jucn 
language."— Scotsman. 

MODERNISM  AND 
ROMANCE. 


By    R.    A. 
7a.  M.  net. 


SCOTT -JAMES.       Demy 


"  A  sane,  reasonable,  and  thoughtful  analysis  of  con- 
temporary  L'nolish  literature,  not  of  the  facts,  but  of  Due 
meaning*  in  it. " -Jlu.  Arthur  symons  in  Daily  Nbwi. 

"Mr.  Scott-James  discourse*  fluently  and  readably 
about  his  modern  authors,  and  says  no  end  of  true  things 
about  their  several  excellences." — Scotsman. 

INTERLUDES  AND  POEMS. 

By  LASCELLES  ABERCROMBIE.  Crown 
8vo,  5s.  net.  [Juet  published. 

'  .■  A  new  volume  of  xtriUing  and  original  poems,  written. 
in  the  Whitman  vein, 

CEYLON. 

The  Paradise  of  Adam. 

The  Record  of  Seven  Years'  Residence  in  the 
Island.  By  CAROLINE  CORNER,  With 
16  Full  -  Page  Illustrations.  Demy  8vo, 
10s.  Qd.  net. 

***  A  comprehensive  account  of  Life  in  Ceylon,  -written 
in  a  breezy  and  bracing  style.  Almost  every  variety  if 
subject  interesting  to  human  nature  one  finds  within  its 
pages.  In  the  many  adventures  narrated  one  gets  a  keen 
insight  into  the  lives  and  characteristics  of  peoples  beyond  the 
pale  and  ken  of  the  ordinary  European  in  Ceylon, 

DEBUSSY. 

By  Mrs.  FRANZ  LIEBICH.  Crown  Svo, 
2s.  6d.  net. 

*#*  A  critical  'and  biographical  account  of  the  fort 
pioneer  in  music.      Claude  Debussy  is    perhaps  the 
arresting  and    original    of  contemporary  composers,      li 
position  in  tlie  present    phase  of  modern  music    is  el- 
defined  by  the  author,  and  shoicn  to  be  the  outcome  of  his 
unique  personality. 


NEW    NOVELS. 


LOVE  AND  THE 
IRONMONGER. 

By  F.  J.  RANDALL.     Crown  Svo,  6s. 

" Since  the  nay  days  of  Vice  Versa'  (Mr.  F.  Arutey),  tee 
can  recall  nooonk  of  purely  farcical  imagination,  so  full  of 
excellent  entertainment.  Certain  to  be  a  success ;  it  trill  add 
refreshingly  to  the  gaiety  of  the  nation.  If  the  author  can 
sustain  this  level  of  high  spirits  he  will  soon  be  among  the 
most  tridely  read  aiui  appreciated  of  contemporary 
humourists. — DAILY  TELEGRAPH. 

THE  WINE  OF  LIFE. 


By 
6a. 


MAUDE     ANNESLEY.        Crown    Svo, 


"  A  poicerfttl  novel originality  of  treatment a  really 

close  study  of  human  nature A  live  woman  dratcn  for  us 

so  carefully,  whose  emotions  seem  as  real  as  her  actiotis  are 

natural"— Evening  standard. 

"  The  story  is  full  of  life  and  interest,  and  the  staitVng 
denouement  is  led  up  to  u-ith  considerable  skill," 

Pall  Mall  Gazette. 

"A  most  surprising  boot."— Daily  Graphic. 


JOHN    LANE,     Publish  IB, 
London       and      New      York. 


No.  4188,  Feb.  1,  1908 


THE    ATHEN^UM 


121 


SATURDAY,  FEBRUARY  1,  190S. 


CONTENTS. 

PAGE 

A  Life  of  Bishop  Burnet  121 

The  Procedure  of  the  House  of  Commons        ..    122 
Sir  H.  D.  Wolff's  Rambling  Recollections      ..    123 

The  History  of  the  Incas        123 

The  Heritage  of  Dress 124 

Two  French  Writers       125 

Our  Library  Table  (Memoirs  of  the  Comtesse  de 
Boigne ;  Old-Age  Pensions ;  Human  Justice  for 
those  at  the  Bottom  ;  Elements  of  Psychology ; 
Public  Libraries  ;  Book -Prices  Current ;  A  Hun- 
dred Great  Poems ;  Old  English  Plays ;  Sir 
Walter  Scott ;  Ecce  Homo  ;  Burke,  Lodge,  Debrett, 
and  Dod ;  Kelly's  Handbook  to  the  Titled 
Classes ;  The  Clergy  Directory  ;  The  Bookseller 

Jubilee  Number) 126—128 

Ouida  ;  Notes  from  Paris  ;  Notes  from  Bangkok  ; 

Sale 128—129 

List  of  New  Books 130 

Literary  Gossip       130 

Science— Astronomical   Literature  ;  Societies  ; 

Meetings  Next  Week;  Gossip  ..  ..  132—134 
Fine  Arts— Vittorio  Carpaccio  ;  Rodin  ;  Sup- 
pressed Plates  ;  Burlington  Art  Miniatures; 
Sheffield  Plate  ;  The  Reliquary  ;  Works 
by  Women  Artists  ;  The  Leicester  Gallery  ; 
Copies  of  Velasquez  ;  The  Society  of  Twelve  ; 
'Pompeii  as  an  Art  City';  The  Aurelian 
Wall  at  Rome  ;  Gossip  ;  Exhibitions  ..  134—137 
Music— The  'Ring'  in  English;  The  Life  of 
Sterndale  Bennett ;  Leaves  from  the 
Journals    of   Sir    George  Smart;    Gossip; 

Performances  Next  Week 1S7— 138 

Drama— Susannah,  and  some  Others  ;  Cupid  and 
commonsense  ;     her    father  ;    the    orange 

Blossom  ;  Drama  and  Life 139—140 

Index  to  advertisers      140 


LITERATUKE 


A  Life  of  Bishop  Burnet.  By  T.  E.  S. 
Clarke,  B.D.,  Minister  of  Saltoun, 
and  H.  C.  Foxcroft.  With  an  Intro- 
duction by  C.  H.  Firth.  (Cambridge, 
University  Press.) 

It  is  not  surprising  to  any  one  even  super- 
ficially acquainted  with  the  many-sided 
character  and  crowded  life  of  Gilbert 
Burnet,  with  the  complexity  of  the  times 
in  which  he  played  his  part  for  some 
fifty  years,  and  the  overwhelming  mass 
of  material  demanding  study,  that  the 
world  should  have  had  to  wait  so  long 
for  an  authoritative  account  of  his  career. 
Now  that  we  have  it  at  last,  it  is  satis- 
factory that  it  should  have  come  from 
such  competent  hands.  So  far  as  the 
actual  facts  were  concerned,  Miss  Fox- 
croft's  equipment  was  likely  to  be  com- 
plete, and  anything  which  she  did  not 
know  about  Burnet  was  probably  not 
worth  knowing.  But  it  was  felt  also 
that  more  than  this  was  wanted  for  a 
satisfactory  biography — a  comprehensive 
grasp  of  the  whole  course  of  political 
history  and  of  religious  and  ecclesiastical 
controversy  in  the  latter  half  of  the 
seventeenth  century,  a  sense  of  propor- 
tion, a  judicial  detachment  of  mind,  and 
a  sympathetic  appreciation  of  the  motives 
and  impulses  which  swayed  a  nature 
at  once  ardent,  generous,  egotistical, 
and  intrusive.  We  find  these  qualities 
in  Miss  Foxcroft's  book,  as  we  found  them 
in  her  life  of  Halifax  ;  and  when  we  add 
to  them  an  industry  which  is  Teutonic, 
and  —  if  we  may  use  the  term  without 
offence — a  masculine  literary  style,  we 
have  said  enough  to  warrant  our  assur- 
ance that  her  work  will  be  not  only 
popular  among  serious  students  of  the 
man  and  his  time,  but  also  probably  final. 
Apart  from  the  vast  amount  of  printed 
matter    which    has   long    been   available, 


yet  has  demanded  the  closest  study,  Miss 
Foxcroft  has  made  ample  use  of  much  that 
has  hitherto  been  virtually  untouched  for 
her  purpose — the  Burnet  MSS.  acquired 
by  the  Bodleian  seventy  years  ago,  corre- 
spondence in  the  British  Museum  and 
Lambeth  libraries,  the  Hanoverian  archives, 
the  records  preserved  in  the  library  of  the 
Remonstrants  at  Amsterdam,  the  Yester 
and  Ham  House  Lauderdale  MSS.,  and 
the  library  at  Saltoun,  Burnet's  first  cure. 
We  can  well  understand  that  "  the  main 
difficulty  of  both  writers  has  been  to 
compress  within  limits  the  mass  of 
material  available." 

We  are  reminded  by  this  sentence  that 
as  regards  a  very  important  portion  of 
the  work  we  have  to  deal  with  a  writer 
other    than    Miss    Foxcroft.     The    story 
of    the    formative    part    of    Burnet's    life 
is  told,  and  told  well,  by  the  Rev.  T.  E.  S. 
Clarke,  the  present  minister  of  Saltoun. 
Mr.   Clarke  has  described  the  influences 
under  which   the   precocious  genius  was 
fostered ;    the    Spartan  discipline    of    his 
boyhood,     which     "  brought     me     under 
too  great  an  uneasiness,  and  sometimes 
even  to  a  hatred  of   my  father  "  ;    the 
father  himself,   the  one  man  of  note  in 
Edinburgh  who    refused    the    Covenant, 
but  who  refused  also  the  high  post  pressed 
upon    him    by    Cromwell,    who     crushed 
the    Covenant  ;    the  dour,   irreconcilable 
mother,    true    sister   of   Archibald  John- 
ston, the  very  essence  of  "  High    Church 
Presbyterianism  "  ;     Archibald    Johnston 
himself ;     the    more    gracious    figures    to 
whom  Burnet  gladly  turned,  Nairn,  Char- 
teris,  Leighton,  and  Robert  Moray  ;    and 
men  widely  different  from  these,  Hamil- 
ton,   and    Kincardine,   and    Lauderdale, 
and    Sharp.      By    the    time     that     Mr. 
Clarke's   task  is  finished  we  know  Burnet 
as   he  was   when,   at   thirty-one,    he  left 
Scotland  to,  become   an  Anglican    divine 
and  an  English  politician  ;    the  possessor 
of  an  extraordinary  combination  of  high 
mental  and  moral  qualities,  marred  and 
robbed  cf   muoh   of   their   usefulness   by 
defects  of  which  he  was  partly  conscious, 
but  which  never  left  him  ;    without  taste 
or  tact  or  delicacy,   as  he  was  without 
intentional  guile  ;    too  eager  fcr  reforms 
to  observe  the  proprieties  ;    with  a  naive 
and    childlike    vanity    as    remarkable    as 
were  his  prodigious  learning,  his  contro- 
versial   power,  his  liberalitjr    in    matters 
of   opinion,   his   personal   piety,   and  his 
whole  -  souled     devotion     to     duty.     As 
regards    the    main    theme    Mr.    Clarke's 
work  is  in  all   respects  satisfactory.     It 
is  a  slight    matter    that    he    should    be 
at  fault,  as  we  think  he  is,  in  some  com- 
paratively unimportant  details.     He  falls, 
for  example,  into   a   familiar  error  when 
he  speaks  of  the  Treaty  of  Dover  com- 
prising  "  a  disgraceful  royal   intrigue  to 
make   England  Roman  Catholic."      And 
although    we    speak    with     duly    bated 
breath    upon    such    a    subject    before    a 
Scotch  minister,  surely   the   title   of    the 
Covenant    of    1638    was  "The    National 
Covenant,"  rather    than  "  The  National 
League    and    Covenant,"    as    Mr.    Clarke 
frequently  has  it. 

Throughout  the  forty  years  of  incessant 


activity  which  compose  the  second  portion 
of  Burnet's  career,  through  every  phase 
and  into  every  cranny,  we  are  guided 
by  Miss  Foxcroft's  industry  and  deft 
treatment.  Sometimes,  indeed,  we  feel 
that  we  could  have  done  with  less  scaffold- 
ing to  the  building ;  that  the  picture  would 
have  been  more  effective  had  the  canvas 
been  less  crowded  ;  and  that  the  laudable 
desire  to  allow  Burnet  to  speak  for  himself 
as  often  as  possible  has  resulted  in  a 
plethora  of  inverted  commas,  against 
which  the  eyes,  mental  and  physical, 
are  inclined  to  revolt.  But  it  is  probable 
that  Miss  Foxcroft  had  in  her  mind 
rather  a  standard  work  of  reference  than 
a  work  of  art ;  and  there  cannot  be  two 
opinions  as  to  the  success  with  which, 
having  made  her  plan,  she  has  carried 
it  out. 

It  is  no  fault  of  Miss  Foxcroft's, 
but  in  the  nature  of  things,  that  at  the 
close  of  her  labours  Burnet  stands  pre- 
cisely where  he  stood  before.  A  little 
more  or  less  emphasis  is  attached  to 
one  or  other  side  of  his  character, 
but  that  is  all.  Miss  Foxcroft,  for  in- 
stance, by  her  admirable  account  of  his 
episcopate,  reveals  in  a  remarkable  way 
the  true  greatness  of  the  man,  although 
the  parallel  with  Wilberforce  appears 
as  unconvincing  as  it  is  superficially 
plausible.  On  the  other  hand,  while 
she  recognizes  that  Burnet  was  not 
quite  a  "  gentleman,"  that  he  did  many 
things  at  which  a  person  of  delicate 
perception  must  draw  back  in  disgust, 
she  passes  by  with  a  bare  notice  the  worst 
private  act  that  he  committed,  the  deser- 
tion of  his  second  wife  on  her  death-bed 
in  order  to  secure  his  own  safety.  But 
after  all,  as  we  have  said,  Burnet  remains 
as  he  was,  great  as  a  bishop,  as  a  preacher, 
and  a  religious  controversialist,  ridiculous 
as  a  busybody  in  politics  and  as  the  tool 
of  craftier  men.  This  contention  will, 
we  think,  be  granted  by  any  one  who 
reads,  for  instance,  Lecky's  brilliant 
pen-portrait,  and  then  the  few  pages 
in  which  Miss  Foxcroft  brings  together 
and  sublimates  the  evidence  contained 
in  the  470  pp.  which  precede  them,  or, 
in  her  own  modest  phrase,  "  ventures 
to  supplement  the  intuitions  of  genius." 
The  Burnet  of  one  is  the  Burnet  of  the 
other,  as  he  is  again  the  Burnet  of 
Macaulay.  And  the  reason  is  obvious. 
There  is  a  fallacy  in  the  phrase  "  intuitions 
of  genius."  The  main  incidents  of  Bur- 
net's life,  those  which  make  or  mar  him, 
the  self-revelation  in  his  published  wrorks, 
the  political  and  controversial  history 
of  the  time,  were  open  to  Macaulay  and 
Lecky  as  to  Miss  Foxcroft.  There  was 
as  little  opportunity  for  mistake  as  there 
was  ample  material  for  judgment. 

The  claims  of  this  notable  book  have 
not  yet  been  fully  set  forth.  Any  aecount 
of  it  Would,  indeed,  be  incomplete  without 
reference  to  the  Introduction  by  the 
master-hand  of  Prof.  Firth,  in  which 
Burnet's  place,  not  as  a  moralist  or  a 
divine  or  a  politician;  but  as  an  historian. 
is  elaborately  and  conclusively  discussed. 
There  is  no  side  of  this  part  of  the  subject 
which  is  not  treated  with  fullness  and  with 


]  22 


T  II  K     AT  II  KXyKUM 


No.  4188,  Feb.  1,  1908 


his  usual  Iik -i.lity.  Limits  of  HMOC  and 
the  iu\  idiousness  of  select  ion  have  for- 
bidden quotation  from  the  main  boils 
of  the  work  ;  hut  hc  cannot  refrain  from 
transcribing  one  short  passage  from  Prof. 
Firth.  Speaking  of  Burnet's  numerous 
intellectual  interests,  lie  says  : — 

"These  things,  howover,  were  but  diver 
sions.  The  fulness  with  which  theological 
and  ecclesiastical  controversies  are  treated 
m  his  pages,  and  the  space  devoted  to  the 
different  schools  of  roligious  thought  and 
the  characters  of  the  great  churchmen, 
show  plainly  what  Burnet's  real  interest  a 
were.  For  him  the  great  event  of  the  time 
in  the  intellectual  sphere  was  the  rise  of 
that  '  new  set  of  men  '  in  the  Church  of 
the  Restoration  upon  whom  '  men  of  nar- 
rower thoughts  and  fiercor  temper '  after- 
wards '  fastened  the  name  of  Latitudi- 
narians.'  He  explained  their  position  ;  he 
set  forth  their  aims  and  their  hopes  ;  he 
traced  their  influence  in  Church  and  State  : 
that  is  his  contribution  to  English  thought 
in  the  seventeenth  century." 

Nor  must  we  omit  the  two  appendixes 
furnished  by  Miss  Foxcroft  and  Mr. 
Clarke — the  first,  of  some  forty  closely 
printed  pages,  containing  notes  upon 
almost  every  paragraph  in  the  book, 
with  which  it  was  wisely  decided  not  to 
cumber  the  text ;  the  second  giving  a 
complete  chronological  list  of  Burnet's 
published  works,  with  the  dates  of  succes- 
sive editions  and  useful  subsidiary  in- 
formation :  from  all  which  it  may  be 
gathered  that  later  gleaners  in  the  field 
can  hope  for  but  a  scanty  harvest. 


The  Procedure  of  the  House  of  Commons. 

By  Josef  Redlich.     Translated  by  A.  E. 

Steinthal.     Introduction   by   Sir   Cour- 

tenay    Ilbert.     3    vols.     (Constable    & 

Co.) 
The  Preface,  as  Sir  Courtenay  Ilbert's 
admirable  twenty  pages  are  styled,  in  the 
translation  of  the  book  of  Prof.  Redlich 
on  our  Parliament,  unconsciously  ex- 
aggerates the  value  of  the  original  work. 
For  the  translation  now  presented  to 
us  we  have  nothing  but  praise  :  Mr. 
Steinthal  seems  to  have  done  his  work 
as  well  as  possible.  It  is  to  the  scheme 
of  the  book  that  we  take  objection.  The 
intention  of  the  author  is  to  give  an 
historical  explanation  of  our  Parliamentary 
forms.  His  arrangement  is  so  bad  that 
it  is  not  possible  to  read  the  book  in 
consecutive  fashion,  and  the  index,  which 
ought  to  help  the  student  to  find  what 
he  wants,  is  far  from  perfect. 

It  is  a  curious  fact  that  no  use  seems 
to  have  been  made  of  Hallam  ;  and  we 
confess  to  thinking  that  the  time  given 
to  the  creation  of  a  fresh  work  might  have 
been  better  spent  on  an  improved  Hallam, 
treated  as  Blackstone  has  been  by  sub- 
sequent commentators  on  the  laws  of 
England.  Sir  Courtenay  Ilbert  rightly 
tells  us  that  our  Parliament,  among  other 
things,  "  is  a  museum  of  antiquities." 
The  anecdotic  side  of  its  history  is  not 
well  dealt  with  in  the  foot-notes  devoted 
to  that  branch  of  the  subject ;   yet  with- 


out anecdote  then  is  not  much  basis,  for 
the  uoik,  except  on  Hallam's  lines.  Sir 
Courtenay  Ilbert  gives  away  the  author's 
cise  when  he  truly  writes  that  Stubbs 
"has  summarized  nearly  all  that  is 
known  and  not  much  is  known — about 
the  procedure  of  the  mediaeval  Parlia- 
ment." We  differ  from  Sir  Courtenay 
as  regards  his  opinion  that  the  book  of 
Dr.  Redlich  is  "  eminently  readable." 
We  fully  recognize  the  fact  that  it  contains, 
scattered  about  in  various  parts,  much 
that  displays  the  industry  given  to  the 
compilation.  We  trust  that  it  will  not 
be  allowed  to  replace  Hallam  as  a  Uni- 
versity textbook,  although  it  should 
undoubtedly  be  used  by  the  student  to 
supplement  the  considerable  English  his- 
tories. 

To  make  good  our  censure  of  the  ori- 
ginal work,  we  would  contrast  the  treat- 
ment afforded  by  Hallam  to  the  early 
Parliaments  of  Elizabeth  with  that  of 
Prof.  Redlich.  The  latter  deals  with 
the  subject  in  many  different  chapters. 
In  the  first  volume  of  the  translation, 
under  the  heading  '  The  Development  of 
Procedure,'  he  rightly  tells  us  that  the 
accession  of  Queen  Elizabeth  was  the 
moment  when  the  political  self-confidence 
of  the  English  nation  rose  rapidly  from 
the  lowest  point  reached  by  Parliamentary 
influence  in  its  necessary  opposition  to 
the  pretensions  of  the  Tudor  Crown. 
He  goes  wrong,  as  may  be  proved  from  his 
own  pages,  in  declaring  that  it  was  in  the 
latter  half  of  her  reign,  and  chiefly  at  the 
moment  which  immediately  preceded  her 
death,  that  "the  advance  guard"  of  the 
Puritan-party  movement  "  appeared  on 
the  floor  of  Parliament."  He  puts  too 
late  the  rise  of  a  body  "  of  men  with 
clearly  defined  common ....  religious  con- 
victions and  aims."  In  the  same  chapter, 
however,  he  quotes,  first  the  proceedings 
of  1566  and  the  claim  of  Privilege  against 
the  Crown  of  "  Wentworth  and  other 
members  "  ;  next,  "  the  speech  of  Peter 
Wentworth,  1575  "  ;  and  lastly,  "  the 
utterances  of  Wentworth,"  in  a  fashion 
which  suggests  that  he  treats  Peter  and 
Paul  Wentworth  as  one  person.  Then 
comes  a  separate  chapter  on  '  The 
Development  of  Party  Government.' 
In  it  Prof.  Redlich  returns  to  exactly 
the  same  point,  and  by  an  excellent 
phrase  tells  us  that  the  procedure  of  the 
House  of  Commons,  being  thus  "  worked 
out ....  as  the  procedure  of  an  opposition, 

....  acquired  once  for  all  its  fundamental 
character."  In  the  second  volume  of  the 
translation  there  is  to  be  found  a  further 
treatment  of  the  same  topic,  placed  under 
the  '  History  of  the  Speakership.'  Here 
is    quoted    "  the    speech    of    Wentworth 

....in  the  Parliament  of  1587,  a  speech 
which  afterwards  drew  upon  him  a  long 
imprisonment."  In  the  foot-notes  the 
matter  is  again  elucidated,  but  one  of 
these  contains  a  quotation  already 
used.  In  the  third  volume  we  find  a 
chapter  on  '  Freedom  of  Speech,'  which  is 
entirely  concerned  with  the  very  topic 
previously  discussed  in  the  unsatisfactory 
manner  that  we  have  described.  Here, 
too,  the  author  contradicts  himself  ;    for, 


forgetting    all     that     he     h;is     written,     he 

names  as  "the  two  cases"  to  be  men- 
tioned  of  Royal  attack  ujxm  the  freedom 

of  speech  of  members,  one  of  Richard  II. 
and  <>ne  of  Henry  VIII.  ;  and  then  jumps 
to  1629,  with  a  mere  passing,  vague 
reference     to     "  the     period     oi  jrie 

between  the  Tudors .  .  . . and  their  Parlia- 
ments." Had  the  index  been  more  full, 
the  author  would  himself  have  discovered 
the  difficulty  produced  by  the  singular 
arrangement  of  his  work.  In  the  index 
•'  Mr.  Wentworth  "  appears  with  a  single 
reference,  and  as  one  person  only,  while 
the  principal  names  in  the  repeated  foot- 
notes are  omitted. 

Now  for  Hallam  !  In  the  '  Constitu- 
tional History  of  England  '  Hallam  deals 
with  the  whole  subject  as  completely 
and  as  accurately  as  was  possible  from 
the  sources  of  information  then  available, 
now  supplemented  by  later  State  Papers. 
W-3  feel  convinced  that  all  who  care  for 
such  studies  will  prefer  the  method  pur- 
sued by  Hallam,  whose  name  is  omitted 
from  the  bibliography  and  index  of  this 
monumental  work. 

Where  Prof.  Redlich  names"  Ms  pre- 
decessors he  is  far  from  polite  towards 
them.  Sir  Courtenay  Ilbert,  as  May's 
successor,  must  have  felt  this  when  he 
read  the  account  of  "  the  standard  author 
upon  Parliamentary  practice  "  : — 

"He  was.  .  .  .a  pure  empiric. .  .  .His 
masterpiece,  in  all  its  eleven  editions  and 
with  all  the  enlargements  which  it  has 
received  during  its  fifty  years  of  life,  has 
remained  an  empirical  work." 

We  should  have  been  interested  to  learn 
Prof.  Redlich's  opinion  of  Hallam. 

One  of  the  most  interesting  subjects 
suggested  by  the  book  before  us  is  that 
of  the  ultimate  development  of  repre- 
sentative government.  Sir  Courtenay 
Ilbert  in  the  Preface  leads  up  to  an  inquiry 
whether  the  Parliamentary  system  of 
the  United  Kingdom  or  the  Presidential 
system  of  the  United  States  is  the  better 
suited  to  "  modern  democracy."  Prof. 
Redlich  puts  aside  our  House  of  Lords. 
It 

"  has  always  embodied  a  stubborn  adherence 
to  tradition,  an  attitude  which  reduces  to 
insignificance  its  capacity  for  constructive 
effort  in  constitutional  affairs." 

He  then  declares  that 

"  the  Parliamentary  system  of  England.  .  . . 
remains ....  the  most  stable  realization  of 
the  great  conception  of  representative  self- 
government." 

In  the  House  of  Commons  he  believes 
firmly.  It  was  there  that  "  the  poison  " 
of  obstruction  "  first  found  its  effective 
antidote."  The  Germans  do  not  please 
him  : — 

"  Nowhere  has  the  tendency  to  belittle 
Parliaments  been  more  marked ....  In  no 
single  department  of  the  theory  of  the 
modern  State  has  German  research  been  so 
unfruitful." 

There  is  another  conception  of  the  modern 
State  (besides  the  American  and  the 
British)  which  receives  no  notice  in  these 
volumes,  though  it  cannot  be  forgotten 
by  the  student.  The  Swiss  Federal 
Constitution  shows  that  it  is  possible  to 


No.  4188,  Feb.  1,  1908 


THE     ATHENvEUM 


128 


develope  a  system  independent  of  party 
and  of  ministerial  responsibility,  yet  tho- 
roughly consistent  with  democracy.  It 
is  often  hastily  asserted  that  no  general- 
ization can  be  made  from  Switzerland, 
because  the  country  is  too  small;  but 
there  is  nothing  in  the  main  points  of 
the  Swiss  system  to  confine  it  to  Federal 
or  little  countries. 

Prof.  Redlich  is  occasionally  amusing, 
as  when  he  deals  with  "  Whips,"  whose 
influence  is  "  of  a  purely  moral  nature," 
but  based  on  "  invitations  to  the  enter- 
tainments   of   the   dukes   and    marquises 

of  the  party which  he  gets  for  members 

and  their  wives." 

A  curious  example  of  the  imperfection 
of  the  index  is  afforded  by  the  ascription 
to  "  Mr.  T.  G.  Bowles  "  of  the  most  con- 
spicuous Parliamentary  exploit  of  his 
distinguished  son,  Mr.  Stewart  Bowles. 
It  would  not,  however,  be  fair  to  ascribe 
to  Prof.  Redlich  this  particular  slip, 
inasmuch  as  the  reference  to  the  present 
Mr.  Bowles,  M.P.,  is  in  a  new  supple- 
mentary chapter  from  the  pen  of  Sir 
Courtenay  Ilbert. 


Rambling    Recollections.     By    the    Right 

Hon.    Sir    Henry    Drummond    Wolff. 

2  vols.  (Macmillan  &  Co.) 
We  do  not  wonder  that  the  daily  papers 
gave  many  extracts  from  the  pleasant 
pages  of  Sir  H.  Drummond  Wolff  in  the 
hours  of  last  week  which  immediately 
followed  the  appearance  of  his  volumes. 
His  stories  are  of  curiously  uneven  merit. 
All  are  kind,  but  fewer  than  half  are 
pointed.  Some  of  the  latter  are  con- 
spicuous by  their  excellence,  but  the 
plums  have  been  picked  out. 

The  historical  importance  of  some  note- 
worthy pages  scattered  through  the 
volumes  is  not  considerable,  except  so  far 
as  concerns  Disraeli  and  Mr.  Balfour.  The 
letters  of  both  here  given  for  the  first 
time  are  of  much  interest,  though  they 
do  not  reveal  any  new  fact.  In  reviewing 
the  book  of  Mr.  Winston  Churchill  on 
his  father,  the  book  of  Mr.  Gorst  in  which 
Sir  John  Gorst  was  quoted,  and  other 
publications  dealing  with  the  Fourth 
Party,  we  have  explained  Mr.  Balfour's 
position  towards  it.  From  the  over- 
flowing benevolence  of  Sir  Henry  Wolff 
two  of  his  contemporaries  are  excluded  : 
Bradlaugh  and  Mr.  Balfour.  Privately, 
we  make  no  doubt,  Bradlaugh  has  been 
forgiven  for  an  ultimate  triumph  not  here 
placed  on  record.  After  relating  the 
fashion  in  which  he  conducted  his  knightly 
assault  upon  the  atheistic  dragon,  Sir 
Henry  Wolff  makes  a  casual  observation 
suggesting  that  he  lias  barely  heard  of 
the  unanimous  reversal  by  the  Commons 
of  the  resolutions  taken  under  the  Wolff- 
Churchill  leadership  of  a  scratch  majority. 
All  Sir  Henry  Wolff  remembers  is  of 
"1885 I  believe  that  in  the  Parlia- 
ment returned  that  year  Mr.  Bradlaugh 
did  take  his  seat." 

The  Fourth  Party  episodes  connected 
with  Disraeli  and  Lord  Randolph 
Churchill    are    treated    with    more    care. 


The  facts  brought  out  in  the  controversy 
which  arose  over  the  publication  of  the 
writings  of  Mr.  Winston  Churchill  and 
Mr.  Gorst  made  it  clear  that  the  Fourth 
Party  was  promoted  by  Disraeli.  Sir 
Henry  Wolff  begins  his  chapter  on  the 
subject  by  stating  that 

"the  Fourth  Party  —  as  it  was  called  by 
every  one  except  its  actual  members  — 
received  the  approbation  of  the  only  two 
leaders  of  the  Conservative  Party  to  whom 
we  were  disposed  to  defer." 

The  approbation  of  Disraeli  is  the  im- 
portant historical  fact.  The  approbation 
of  the  other  leader,  namely,  Lord  Salis- 
bury, is  to  some  extent  imaginary.  It 
is  far  from  being  proved  by  the  com- 
munication published,  and  its  extent  is 
illustrated  by  the  language  used  in  Sir 
Henry  Wolff's  pages  about  Lord  Salis- 
bury's nephew  and  successor.  Our  author 
explains  that  Mr.  Balfour's  "  object  was  to 
cause    Lord    Salisbury's    rights    to    the 

succession to    prevail    over    those    of 

Sir  Stafford  Northcote."  He  does  not, 
however,  refrain  from  adding  the  sug- 
gestion that  Mr.  Balfour  permitted  re- 
pudiation of  the  action  of  Sir  H.  D.  Wolff 
and  his  colleagues  "at  a  moment  when 
he  thought  it  convenient." 

The  chief  literary  interest  of  Sir  Drum- 
mond Wolff's  volumes  is  to  be  found  in 
the  references  to  Kinglake  and  the  account 
of  the  publication  of  that  singular  news- 
paper The  Owl,  so  called,  it  was  explained 
at  the  time,  "  because  it  comes  out  in  the 
dark." 

The  origin  of  some  letters  here  printed 
from  Bulwer  Lytton  and  from  Kinglake 
was  a  novel  by  our  author,  which  had 
been  shown  to  Bulwer,  though  apparently 
afterwards  destroyed  by  Sir  H.  D.  Wolff. 
Kinglake's  letter — written  much  later, 
but  printed  with  Bulwer  Lytton's — is  a 
carefully  reasoned  defence  of  novel-reading 
mainly  in  expansion  of  its  first  passage  : 
"  Of  course,  a  great  novel  does  not  lecture 
or  preach,  but  for  that  very  reason  the 
more  it  governs  the  heart  of  the  reader." 

The  references  to  the  famous  "  Drum- 
mond-Wolff  Convention "  are  likely  to 
mislead  the  politician.  It  is  said  to 
be  "  now  existing."  Its  author  claims 
for  it  that  it  was  "  approved  by  all  the 
Powers."  He  then  adds  that  "  the  Sultan 
refused  to  ratify  it,"  and  describes  our 
present  position  in  Egypt  as  "  entirely 
owing  to  the  action  of  the  Sultan  himself." 
It  is,  however,  an  undisputed  fact  that 
the  Sultan  was  prevented  by  France  from 
ratifying  the  Convention  ;  and  we  learn 
from  the  author  that  the  Russian  am- 
bassador informed  him  afterwards  that 
Russia  shared  the  French  objection  to 
the  Convention.  The  author  finally  ex- 
plains, in  a  passage  which  seems  to  us  at 
variance  witli  the  previous  sentences 
quoted  by  us  about  the  refusal  of  ratifica- 
tion, "  The  reason  for  this  decision  of  the 
Sultan  is  to  be  found  in  the  attitude  of 
some  of  the  Great  Powers."  There  can 
be  no  doubt  upon  the  matter,  for  the  action 
of  France  was  explained  by  French 
ministers  in  the  Chambers,  and  by  Glad- 
stone in  the  House  of  Commons. 

While  we  are  dealing  with  the  author's 


pronouncement  upon  Egyptian  affairs, 
we  may  note  his  admission  that  the 
Khedive,  attacked  by  the  Fourth  Party 
in  1882,  "  was  a  kindly  and  right-thinking 
man."  A  letter  from  Tewfik  to  the 
author  is  printed.  Lord  Randolph 
Churchill,  who  had  also  forgotten  the 
language  used  by  himself  of  the  Khedive 
in  the  House  of  Commons,  was,  we  believe, 
astonished,  when  on  a  visit  to  Egypt,  at 
finding  that  the  Khedive  thought  it 
hardy  consistent  with  manly  dignity  for 
him  to  receive  without  inquiry  a  visit 
from  his  accuser. 

Some  interesting  points  suggested  by 
the  pages  of  Sir  H.  D.  Wolff  may 
be  briefly  noted.  He  regards  Lola 
Montez  as  "  English  by  birth."  She  is 
claimed,  as  a  "  Greaser,"  by  the  town  of 
Benicia  on  San  Francisco  Bay,  from 
which,  also,  came  the  champion  who 
fought  Tom  Sayers,  and  was  beaten. 
The  author  tells  us  that  he  never  knew 
why  "  Poodle  Byng "  was  so  called. 
There  have  been  several  Byngs  in  history 
who  have  been  known  by  the  "  appella- 
tion," "  the  origin  of  "  which  was  obviously 
the  Byng  short  curly  hair.  There  ap- 
pears to  us  to  be  some  confusion  made 
by  Sir  H.  D.  Wolff  about  his  friend  Sir 
Henry  Bulwer  ;  and  we  think  that  he 
will  find,  on  looking  at  the  references  in 
question,  that  he  has  failed  to  bear  in 
mind  the  actual  date  of  the  Dalling 
peerage  and  of  Lord  Dalling' s  death,  as 
well  as  Sir  H.  Bulwer' s  membership  of  the 
House  of  Commons. 

Among  errors  which  should  be  corrected 
in  the  second  edition,  certain  in  the  case 
of  this  gossiping  and  agreeable  book,  is 
one  in  the  name  of  a  distinguished  French 
family  on  p.  192  of  the  first  volume. 


History  of  the  Incas,  by  P.  S.  de  Gamboa  ; 
and  The  Execution  of  the  Inca  Tupac 
Amaru,  by  Capt.  B.  de  Ocampo.  Trans- 
lated and  edited  by  Sir  Clements 
Markham.     (Hakluyt  Society.) 

Don  Francisco  de  Toledo,  who  governed 
Peru  as  Viceroy  from  1569  to  1581, 
was  a  man  of  great  energy,  and  possessed 
considerable  administrative  talent.  When 
he  arrived  in  the  country  he  found  it 
in  a  very  unsettled  condition  ;  and  he 
thereupon  set  about  establishing  an 
orderly  government,  to  which  end,  though 
no  longer  a  young  man,  he  undertook 
the  formidable  task  of  visiting  every 
part  of  the  vast  territory  under  his  rule, 
being  accompanied  in  this  visitation, 
which  occupied  no  fewer  than  five  years, 
by  a  number  of  officials  and  priests  well 
acquainted  with  the  language  and  customs 
cf  the  country.  But  what  is  of  more 
importance  from  a  literary  point  of  view 
is  the  fact  that  he  commissioned  Capt. 
Pedro  do  Sarmiento  de  Gamboa,  the 
cosmographer  of  Peru,  to  write  a  history 
of  the  Incas,  based  on  the  oral  evidence 
of  all  the  Inca  descendants  then  resident 
in  Cuzco.  A  fair  cdpy  of  this  history. 
when  completed,  was  sent,  in  March. 
1572,  to  King  Philip  II.,  together  with 
fcut  cloths,   on   three   of   which   were   de- 


124 


THE    A  Til  ENJEUM 


No.  U88,  Feb.  I,  L908 


pioted   ill--    Incae   mmJ   thmr   wives,   bis. 
i,  ricaJ  events,  fco.,  while  on  the  fourth 

*M   painted  a    map  of    Peru.      The  cloths 

appear  to  ha\e  perished;    but  the  royal 

C(  pv     of    Sarmiento's     history    found     its 

u;iv  mto  the  famous  library  of  Abraham 
Gronovius,  srbiah  was  sold  in  1785, 
and  thence  into  the  library  of  the  I'niver- 
sity  of  Gottingen,  where  it  lay,  almost, 
forgotten,  for  1*20  years.  In  L006,  how- 
.  \«r,  the  text  was  printed  by  the  Royal 
Society  of  Sciences  at  Gottingen  with  a 
scholarly  introduction  and  notes  by  Dr. 
Richard  Peitschmann  ;  and  Sir  Clements 
Markham  lost  no  time  in  translating  the 
work  for  the  Hakluyt  Society. 

"  The    history    of    the    Incas    by    Sar- 
miento  is,"  says  Sir  Clements,  "  without 
any  doubt  the  most  authentic  and  reliable 
that  has  yet  appeared  "  ;   and  bold  would 
be  the  scholar  who    would  challenge  the 
opinion  of  the   veteran  President  of    the 
Hakluyt    Society    on    a    subject    he    has 
made    peculiarly  his  own.      But,  as    Sir 
Clements  points  out,   the  work   has   one 
serious    blemish  ;    it    is  written    with    an 
object,  namely,  to  prove  that  the  Incas 
were  usurpers  and  tyrants,  and  that  there- 
fore  the   Spaniards   had   a   perfect  right 
to  oust  them  from  the  domination  of  Peru 
— a  thesis  that  the  good  bishop  Las  Casas 
more    than    twenty    years     before    had 
vigorously  contested,  making  Europe  ring 
with  the  stories   (only  too  true)   of  the 
cruelties  perpetrated  on  the   "  Indians  " 
by  the  Spanish  invaders.     That  this  was 
the  chief  purpose  of  Sarmiento's  history 
is   evident   from   his   own   words   in   his 
introductory  address  to  the  King.     But 
we    must     join     issue   with     our    author 
when  he  accuses  the  Viceroy  of  having 
made    interpolations    in    the    manuscript 
blackening       the       characters      of      the 
Incas,    which     interpolations,     he    adds, 
"  are     so     obvious,     that    I    have     put 
them  in  italics   within   brackets."     But, 
strangely  enough,  we  find  in  this  transla- 
tion,   neither    italicized    nor    bracketed, 
many    passages    containing    accusations 
against  the   Incas  in  language   quite   as 
strong  as  that  of  some  of  those  that  are 
printed    as    interpolations ;     and,    worse 
still,    a    comparison    of    the    translation 
with  the  original  shows  that,  in  one  case 
at  least  (on  p.  10),  Sir  Clements  has  not 
hesitated  to  alter  the  wording  to  support 
Ids   theory,   though   the   passage   he   has 
italicized    is    plainly    essential    to    what 
follows. 

The  first  portion  of  Sarmiento's  history 
is  mythical,  dealing  with  the  fabled 
Atlantic  island,  the  creator  Viracocha, 
and  the  supernatural  origin  of  the  Incas. 
In  the  accounts  of  the  lives  of  the  Incas 
themselves  we  gradually  pass  from  myth 
to  tradition,  and  thence  to  credible 
history.  The  narrative  is  of  considerable 
interest,  and  from  it  one  learns  much  of 
the  religious  beliefs  and  practices,  the 
manners  and  customs  of  the  former 
inhabitants  of  Peru — the  foot-notes  that 
the  translator  -  editor  appends  being 
mostly  very  helpful  in  elucidating  matters 
that  might  otherwise  be  perplexing  to 
the    reader.    Although    Sarmiento    com 


L572,     it     \irtually     terminates     with     the 

coming  of  the  Spaniards  in  L533,  only  a 

summary  of  later  events  being  given. 
The  reason  is  that  this  hook  (as  the  author- 
states  at   the  beginning)  forms  the  BOCOnd 

part  of  a  complete  history  of  Peru  that 

Sarmiento  had   undertaken,   fchfl   first    part 

of  which  was  to  describe  the  country,  while 

the  third  was  to  give  in  detail  the  events 
from  1533  to  the  end  of  1572. 

Unhappily,  these  first  and  last  parts, 
if  ever  completed,  appear  to  have  been 
lost.  But  in  view  of  the  fact  that  Sar- 
miento fully  intended  to  bring  his  history 
up  to  date,  we  think  that  Sir  Clements 
Markham  is  somewhat  captious  in  empha- 
sizing the  omission  from  this  second  part 
of  any  mention  of  the  "  judicial  murder  " 
of  the  Inca  Tupac  Amaru  in  December, 
1571,  by  command  of  the  Viceroy.  This 
execution  was  certainly  a  black  stain 
on  the  career  of  Don  Francisco  de  Toledo, 
and  he  paid  the  penalty  for  it  on  his 
return  to  Spain,  the  King  angrily  ordering 
him  out  of  his  presence  with  the  words  : 
"  Go  away  to  your  house  ;  for  I  sent 
you  to  serve  kings,  and  you  went  to  kill 
kings."  The  result  was  that  Don  Fran- 
cisco died  soon  afterwards,  a  disgraced 
and  broken-hearted  man. 

To  make  up  for  Sarmiento's  omission, 
Sir  Clements  Markham  has  given  a  transla- 
tion, from  a  manuscript  in  the  British 
Museum  Library,  of  a  graphic  account 
of  the  events  connected  with  the  capture 
and  death  of  Tupac  Amaru,  written  in 
1610  by  Capt.  Baltasar  de  Ocampo,  who 
took  part  in,  and  was  an  eyewitness  of, 
the  proceedings.  The  old  captain  also 
gives  an  interesting  description  of  the 
beautiful,  but  little-known  province  of 
Vilcapampa,  the  last  refuge  of  the  Incas 
after  the  submission  of  Cuzco  to  the 
Spaniards.  Sir  Clements  has  done  well 
in  disinterring  this  narrative,  and  adding 
it  as  a  supplement  to  Sarmiento's  history. 

The  translations,  though  they  convey 
the  general  sense  of  the  originals,  cannot 
be  called  faithful,  words  being  in  many 
cases  omitted,  the  phraseology  often 
altered,  and  other  liberties  taken,  such 
as  changes  in  the  spelling  of  proper 
names.  A  translator  of  an  historical 
document  has,  we  consider,  no  right 
thus  to  tamper  with  the  original.  We 
have  noticed  here  and  there  an  in- 
felicity in  the  English  rendering,  and  at 
times  an  inaccuracy.  We  need  mention 
only  one  or  two.  On  p.  102  Sarmiento, 
speaking  of  the  Peruvian  festivals,  is 
made  to  say  : — 

"  The  first  was  called  Raymi  or  Ccapac 
Raymi,  which  was  when  they  opened  the 
ears  of  knights  at  a  ceremony  called  huara- 
chico.  The  second  was  called  Situa,  resem- 
bling our  lights  of  St.  John." 

In  the  first  sentence  the  translator  has 
erred  in  being  too  literal,  as  he  has  again 
on  p.  127  :  the  word  abrir  should  here 
be  rendered  "  slit  "  (on  p.  129  the  author 
uses  the  verb  horad-ar,  bore").  In  the 
second  sentence  "  lights  "  is  an  unjusti- 
fiable alteration  of  the  original,  which 
has  regocijos,  "  festivities."  The  only 
other    error    we  would   point  out    occurs 


"  Mu'i' ■>>  Ccapao  took  with  htm  s  bird  like  a 
falcon,  nailed  indi,  which  they  all  wor- 
shipped and  feared  an  a  sacred,  or,  as  both* 
«ay,  an  enchanted  thmgi  for  they  thought 
that  this  bird  made  Manes  Oosnac  their  lord 
and  ohligod  the  people  to  follow  him.  It 
was   thai   that   Maaeo   Oaj.ac   gave}tb 

to  understand,  and  it  iraSOBtried  m  xxihidon, 

always  kept  in  a  covered  hamper  of  straw, 
like  a  box,  with  much  care." 

To  the  word  vahidos  is  appended  the  foot- 
note, "  Vahido  means  giddiness,  vertigo"  ; 
which,  though  accurate  in  statement, 
only  plunges  the  reader  into  greater 
obscurity  in  his  vain  endeavour  to  gOJ 
in  what  the  Peruvians  carried  the  sacred 
bird.  The  translator  has  here  been  misled 
by  Dr.  Peitschmann,  who  prints  as  en 
vahidos  what  should  really  be  cnvahidos, 
this  being  merely  a  faulty  spelling  of 
embaidos,  the  plural  form  of  the  adjectival 
past  participle  of  the  verb  emliair,  "to 
deceive."  So  that,  instead  of  "  it  was 
carried  in  vahidos,"  we  should  read 
"  deluded,  they  carried  it."  The  way  in 
which  commas  are  inserted  and  omitted 
strikes  us  as  extraordinary.  Misprints, 
however,  are  few. 

The  book  has  a  good  bibliography 
and  a  full  index.  There  are  two  maps- 
one  of  Central  Peru,  and  the  other  of 
Vilcapampa ;  but  many  of  the  places 
mentioned  in  the  history  are  not  shown 
in  either.  Facsimiles  are  given  of  six 
pages  of  the  Sarmiento  manuscript  and 
of  the  title-pages  of  the  fifth  and  sixth 
Decades  of  Herrera's  history.  Finally, 
there  are  reproductions  in  colours  of  two 
drawings  made  by  Sir  Clements  Markham 
in  1853  :  one,  of  a  group  of  Incas  in  cere- 
monial dresses,  from  figures  in  the  church 
of  Santa  Ana,  Cuzco,  painted  in  1570  ; 
the  other,  a  portrait  of  the  Viceroy  Don 
Francisco  de  Toledo,  preserved  at  Lima. 
A  description  of  this  portrait,  in  a  foot-note 
on  p.  6,  speaks  of  the  Viceroy  as  holding 
a  sword  in  one  hand,  whereas  the  repro- 
duction on  p.  8  shows  Don  Francisco 
holding  in  his  left  hand  what  is  unmistak- 
ably a  roll  of  papers.  The  rest  of  the 
description  is  accurate. 


pleted   his   history   at   the   beginning   of  I  on  p.  48,  where  Sarmiento  relates  that 


The  Heritage  of  Dress.     By  Wilfrid  Mark 
Webb.     (E.  Grant  Richards.) 

This  is  not  an  exhaustive  inquiry  into  the 
history  and  habit  of  dress,  but  a  popular 
account,  chiefly  of  the  vestiges  of  former 
fashions  traceable  in  modern  English  gar- 
ments, in  gloves  and  coats,  in  boots  and 
uniforms  and  hats.  Mr.  Webb  scarcely 
concerns  himself  with  the  origin  of  clothes, 
which,  as  Prof.  Westermarck  has  shown, 
were,  at  least  in  a  great  many  cases, 
adopted  to  enhance  sexual  attractiveness, 
and  were  the  cause,  not  the  result,  of 
the  feeling  of  shame.  Sir  George  Darwin 
pointed  out  long  ago  that  the  theory  of 
evolution  might  well  be  applied  to  the 
study  of  dress,  and  Mr.  Webb  has  devoted 
himself  to  the  development  of  that  idea. 
He  traces  the  progress  of  the  petticoat  and 
kilt  from  the  shawl  held  in  place  round  the 
loins  by  a  girdle,  rightly  follows  Mr. 
Calthrop  in  the  derivation  of  the  cockade, 
and  explodes  the  popular  belief  that  the 


No.  4188,  Feb.  1,  1908 


THE    ATHENiEUM 


125 


two  buttons  on  the  back  of  an  evening 
coat  are  survivals  of  a  support  for  a 
sword-belt. 

Mr.  Webb  discusses  various  theories  to 
account  for  the  fact  that  the  buttonholes 
of  a  man's  coat  are  on  the  left  side,  of  a 
woman's  dress  on  the  right ;  but  he  has 
not  grasped  the  principle  which  the  pre- 
sent reviewer  would  suggest  as  lying  at  the 
root  of  the  matter.  The  left  hand  is  used 
naturally,  whether  in  carpentering  or 
riding  or  taking  coals  from  a  scuttle,  or 
in  fact  in  any  two-handed  job,  for  holding 
and  guiding,  whilst  the  right  hand  dees 
the  work.  (The  use  of  the  left  hand  for 
hitting  is  an  unnatural  one  which  has  to 
be  taught  in  boxing.)  It  is  therefore 
natural  in  buttoning  a  coat  to  wish  to 
hold  the  buttonhole  with  the  left  hand, 
whilst  the  right  hand  does  the  work  of 
putting  the  button  through.  For  the 
same  reason  women  usually  carry  children 
on  the  left  arm,  and  give  them  the  left 
breast  more  than  the  right.  To  suit  this 
practice,  it  is  more  convenient  for  women 
to  wear  bodices  in  which  the  right  side 
overlaps  the  left. 

We  do  not  think  Mr.  Webb  is  very 
happy  in  some  of  his  generalizations. 
"  Men,"  he  says,  for  instance, 
"  as  shown  by  the  red  coats  which  they  don 
for  hunting  and  golfing,  the  colours  in  which 
they  ride  steeplechases  or  play  hockey,  or 
the  dresses  in  which  they  bathe,  seek  as  far 
as  possible  during  their  leisure-hour  pursuits 
to  go  back  to  bright  array." 

We  should  have  thought  it  obvious  that 
the  colours  employed  in  almost  all  such 
cases  are  chiefly  utilitarian.  The  hunts- 
man wears  pink  in  order  to  help  his  fellows, 
when  thrown  out,  to  pick  up  hounds  ; 
the  football  and  hockey  player  in  order 
that  those  on  his  side  may  see  to  whom 
to  pass  the  ball ;  the  golfer  to  indicate  his 
presence  on  the  links  to  those  following 
him,  and,  especially  on  public  commons, 
to  those  who  are  not  playing  and  are 
in  danger  of  being  hit ;  and  the  jockey, 
as  anybody  who  has  ever  seen  a  race  or  a 
race-card  must  know,  in  order  to  dis- 
tinguish his  horse  and  rider  from  the 
rest  of  the  field.  As  to  the  red  coat  of  the 
British  army,  Mr.  Webb  suggests  that  it 
may  be  a  "  warning  "  colour,  like  that  of 
the  hornet-  But  the  purpose  of  a  bright 
uniform,  in  days  before  the  invention  of 
long-range  weapons  of  precision,  was 
probably  the  same  as  that  of  the  hunts- 
man's pink  or  the  footballer's  jersey,  and 
the  choice  of  red  is  not  strange,  for  it  is 
both  conspicuous  and  the  natural  fighting 
colour  of  blood  and  anger.  The  Lace- 
daemonian soldiers  wore  red. 

Mr.  Webb  might  well  have  referred  to 
the  coloured  uniforms  of  the  religious 
orders — the  Grey  Friars  and  so  forth  ; 
and  in  this  connexion  the  coloured  liveries 
ordained  by  some  of  the  founders  of 
colleges  might  have  been  mentioned. 
Religious  symbolism  was  the  motive  which 
impelled  Robert  Eglesfield  to  direct  that 
the  Fellows  of  Queen's  College,  Oxford, 
should  wear  gowns  of  crimson  cloth — 
blodii  coloris.  But  Mr.  Webb  devotes 
only  a  page  or  two  to  academic  dress — a 
section  of  his  subject  which  would  have 


rewarded  research.  In  the  robes  of  the 
Proctors  he  would  have  found  the  rem- 
nant of  a  tippet,  or,  as  some  hold,  of 
a  purse — just  such  a  rudimentary  organ, 
as  it  were,  atrophied  by  disuse,  as  many 
of  the  "  vestiges  "  which  he  has  collected 
here  ;  and  in  the  history  of  the  tasselled 
cap  he  might  have  traced  the  pedigree  of 
the  tuft-hunter. 

Mr.  Webb  renders  an  interesting  subject 
somewhat  dull  by  a  pedestrian  style.  The 
value  of  the  book  is,  however,  much  en- 
hanced by  many  plates  and  figures,  the 
latter  carefully  drawn  by  Mr.  W.  J.  Webb. 


TWO  FRENCH  WRITERS. 

Frangois  Rabelais.  By  Arthur  Tilley. 
Edited  by  A.  Jessup.  (Lippincott.) — 
The  world  laughed  at  the  necessity  of  a 
society  to  explain  Browning  during  his 
lifetime.  In  the  case  of  Rabelais  there 
was  ample  room,  some  centuries  after  his 
death,  for  an  association  of  stixdents  to  pool 
the  results  of  their  researches,  and  to  discuss 
the  riddles  that  he  offers  for  solution.  The 
foundation,  about  five  years  ago,  of  the 
"  Societe  des  Eludes  rabelaisiennes "  has 
already  resulted  in  a  considerable  addition 
to  the  probable  history,  and  some  to  the 
authentic  history,  of  the  man  and  his  work. 
An  example  of  the  society's  success  is  seen 
at  the  outset  of  Mr.  Tilley's  monograph, 
where  he  tells  us  that  "  even  as  regards 
the  place  of  his  [Rabelais's]  birth  there  is 
room  for  doubt,"  though  the  local  tradition 
that  he  was  born  at  La  Deviniere  "is  strongly 
supported  by  the  testimony  of  Rabelais's 
book."  When  we  turn  to  the  essay  on 
Rabelais  in  the  author's  '  Literature  of  the 
French  Renaissance,'  published  three  years 
ago,  we  find  that  at  that  time  Mr.  Tilley 
held  there  was  "  practically  no  doubt  " 
in  the  matter :  according  to  Rabelais  he 
was  born  at  Chinon,  and  wo  might  there- 
fore "  disregard  an  old  local  tradition  that 
he  was  born  at  La  Deviniere."  We  draw 
attention  to  this  reversal  of  opinion  as  to 
the  birthplace,  and  the  bearing  of  Rabelais's 
testimony  on  the  disputed  point,  as  an  illus- 
tration of  the  difficulties  attending  a  bio- 
grapher, and  a  justification  of  the  society 
which  is  devoting  itself  to  the  investigation 
of  the  life  and  work  of  Rabelais. 

There  are  not  nearly  so  many  "  possible  " 
or  "  probable"  conjectures  in  the  biographical 
part  of  Mr.  Tilley's  book  as  in  Mr.  Lee's 
'  Life '  of  Shakespeare,  but  it  is  far  less 
ambitious  in  its  scope.  There  is  almost 
as  much  doubt  among  Rabelaisians  about 
what  the  man  did  as  about  what  he  meant. 
One  thing  he  assuredly  meant,  and  that  was 
to  keep  a  whole  skin  on  his  back.  He  would 
have  afforded  far  less  food  for  the  curious 
had  there  been  no  Sorbonne,  or  rather 
none  of  tho  intolerance  of  which  the  Sor- 
bonne was  the  French  embodiment.  Two 
men,  in  those  years  of  growing  revolt  against 
the  intellectual  tyranny  of  Rome,  managed 
to  advance  the  cause  of  freedom  without 
withdrawing  from  the  Church,  and  held  up 
to  ridicule  the  baser  and  weaker  parts  of 
that  Church's  system  with  more  effect  than 
any  acknowledged  heretic.  Tho  Sorbonne 
condemned  the  writings  of  Erasmus — his 
'  Colloquies,'  his  '  Paraphrases,'  and  his 
'  Encomium  Moria?  '  ;  it  condemned  the 
1  Gargantua  '  and  '  Pantagruel  '  of  Rabelais. 
What  saved  Rabelais  and  his  "  most  humane 
father  " — for  thus,  as  Mr.  Tilloy  shows  in 
one  of  tho  most  attractive  pages  of  this 
book,  Rabelais  addressed  Erasmus — from 
boing  "  burnt  alivo  liko  red  herrings  "  with 


Louis  de  Berquin  ?  They  were  chiefly 
saved  by  the  absence  of  humour  among 
their  foes,  and  the  presence  of  powerful 
supporters  among  their  friends.  The  priest- 
hood was  certain  that  the  '  Colloquies  ' 
and  '  Pantagruel '  were  dangerous  works, 
but  it  did  not  exactly  see  how  to  demon- 
strate the  heresy  of  assailants  whose  points 
were  so  sharp  that  they  could  not  be 
seized.  Demonstration  would  not  have 
been  needed  in  the  case  of  some  beggarly 
student  :  he  would  have  gone  to  the  stake 
without  it.  But  Erasmus  was  shielded 
by  princes,  and  Rabelais  was  constantly 
protected  by  the  Du  Bellay  family,  one 
or  other  member  of  which,  great  ecclesiastic 
or  great  officer  of  the  Crown,  took  him  safely 
out  of  the  way  when  the  fire  grew  too  hot. 

Voltaire,  who  had  declared  that  there  was 
only  about  one-eighth  of  Rabelais  which 
was  worth  having,  and  that  "  a  good 
story  of  two  pages  was  paid  for  by  whole 
volumes  of  imbecility,"  admitted  in  later 
years  that  he  had  formed  too  low  an  opinion, 
and  that,  having  seen  more  deeply  into 
the  intention  of  '  Gargantua  '  and  '  Panta- 
gruel,' he  had  derived  extreme  pleasure 
from  a  considerable  part  of  those  books. 

Mr.  Tilley  holds,  as  we  believe,  the  only 
view  possible  to  an  unprejudiced  student, 
that  Rabelais  was  endowed  in  a  rare  degree 
with  the  senses  of  logic,  observation,  and 
humour  :  the  first  two  forced  him  to  see 
men  and  things  as  they  were;  the  last 
enabled  him  to  record  his  "  choses  vues  " 
without  being  cast  into  dungeons. 

The  principal  fault  of  Mr.  Tilley's  volume 
in  the  eyes  of  the  Rabelaisian  will  be  its 
chief  virtue  in  those  of  the  expectant  reader 
but  slightly  acquainted  with  its  subject.  It 
is  largely  filled  with  a  lucid  and  accurate 
analysis  of  '  Gargantua  '  and  '  Pantagruel,' 
broken  by  critical  commentary,  and  enriched 
with  quotations  which,  even  in  their  English 
form,  afford  a  fair  idea  of  the  humour,  and 
some  idea  of  the  style,  of  a  writer  who,  in 
the  sixteenth  century,  did  in  his  own  way 
what  Balzac  was  to  do  in  the  nineteenth — 
remodelled  and  expanded  his  native  lan- 
guage. Mr.  Tilley  holds,  and  with  reason, 
that,  wit  and  humorist  as  Rabelais  is,  it 
is  in  the  province  of  pure  fun  that  his 
greatest  triumphs  are  achieved,  and  that 
it  is  this  very  element  of  laughter  which 
for  nearly  three  hundred  years  led  the 
majority  of  readers  to  regard  him  as  a 
mere  buffoon.  Even  in  his  own  days,  there 
were  those  who  realized  to  the  full  how  much 
knowledge  of  men,  and  criticism  of  their 
ways  and  motives,  lay  beneath  the  broad 
farce  of  his  masterpiece.  "  He  was  no 
buffoon,  no  jester  of  tho  market  -  place," 
wrote  his  brother-doctor,  Pierre  Boulenger 
of  Loudon,  "  but  one  who,  with  the  penetra- 
tion of  a  distinguished  mind,  laughed  at 
the  human  race,  its  foolish  wishes  and 
credulous  hopes."  Mr.  Tilley  holds  that, 
as  an  observer,  Rabelais  shows  himself 
somewhat  deficient  in  imaginative  sensibility 
to  visual  impressions,  and,  as  evidence  of 
this  defect,  notes  that  though  he  spent 
over  two  years  and  a  half  in  Rome,  and 
diligently  inspected  her  ancient  monuments, 
their  beauty  and  historic  associations  do 
not  seem  to  have  appealed  to  him.  While 
ho  saw  "  quite  through  tho  deeds  of  men," 
ho  had  little  poetry  in  him  ;  ho  could  paint 
with  broad  sweeps  of  satirical  jollity  what 
he  had  seen,  so  far  as  it  responded  to  his  own 
instinctive  understanding  ;  but  ho  never 
felt,  and  certainly  never  cultivated,  that 
iissociative  sense  which,  for  those  who 
possess  it,  lends  the  highest  charm  to  the 
external  world. 

No  ono  could  write  fairly  on  Rabelais 
without  touching  on  his  grossness,  a  quality 


126 


T  II  E     AT  II  EN  M\)  M 


No.  U88,  Feb.  1.  I 


for  wfaloh  the  iranl  of  thai  same  imaginative 

largely,  we  think,  act  rentable  alike 

in  his  own  oase  and  those  <>t  many  of  hii 

OOntomporarii's.      They      dealt      with      farts 
at  they  saw  them,  and  deemed  nothing  thai 

man   did   OT  said   foreign   to  their  pens,   if  it 

coul, l  h,.  written  without  evoking  the 
thunders  or  lightnings  of  the  Church. 
Even  in  the  Light  of  modern  delicacy  Rabe- 
lais, however  indecent,  was  not  immoral,  and 
his  worst  offences  may  bo  explained,  without 
using    them.     They    were,    no    doubt, 

a       Mr.    Tilley    says,    due    "in    part    to    his 

medical  knowledge,  which,  with  the  naive 

pedantry  of  his  age,  he  delights  in  displaying 
in  and  out  of  season."  and  in  part  "  to 
his  monastic  training."  Wo  may  doubt 
whether  Mr.  Tilley  is  altogether  justified 
in  adding,  as  a  further  explanation,  "  the 
absence  of  all  feminino  influonces  in  his  life." 
Ho  held  woman,  wo  behove,  in  as  high 
esteem  as  did  most  of  the  men  with  whom, 
as  a  distinguished  physician  and  as  the 
protege  of  prominent  personages  in  Church 
and  State,  he  was  accustomed  to  consort. 
He  may  have  been  proof  against  the  influence 
of  woman's  eyes,  but  that  he  never  came 
within  reach  of  her  character  or  conversation 
does  not  appear  probable  or  even  possible. 

When  La  Fontaine — so  runs  the  anecdote 
— asked  a  learned  acquaintance  if  he  thought 
St.  Augustine  had  as  much  wit  as  Rabelais, 
he  received  the  reply,  "  Prenez-garde, 
monsieur;  vous  avez  mis  un  do  vos  bas  a 
l'envers."  It  was  a  fair  parry  which  may  be 
commended  to  the  attention  of  those  who  must 
be  comparing  Rabelais  with  other  writers. 
Even  Swift,  called  "  the  English  Rabelais  " 
by  his  contemporaries  at  home  and  abroad 
after  '  The  Tale  of  a  Tub  '  came  out,  is 
more  a  subject  for  contrast  than  comparison. 
He  wa9  full  of  a  venom  of  which  scarcely 
a  drop  is  to  be  found  in  Rabelais.  The  one 
lived  on  laughter,  the  other  starved  on  bitter- 
ness. Rabelais  stands  alone,  incomparable, 
surrounded,  at  a  distance,  by  his  many 
imitators. 

Mr.  Tilley's  book  is  notably  reasonable. 
He  sees,  and  will  make  others  see,  the  great- 
ness of  Rabelais,  and  also  the  defects.  He 
gives  us  more  description  and  illustration 
than  criticism,  but  that  is  consonant  with 
the  intention  of  the  series  in  which  his 
work  appears.  We  must  add  that  it  has  a 
useful  bibliographical  appendix  and  a  suffi- 
cient index. 

"  Madame  Sand,"  Liszt  is  reported  to 
have  said,  "  caught  her  butterfly  and  tamed 
it  in  her  box  by  giving  it  grass  and  flowers — 
this  was  the  love  period.  Then  she  stuck 
her  pin  into  it  when  it  struggled — this  was 
the  conge,  and  it  always  came  from  her. 
Afterwards  she  vivisected  it,  stuffed  it,  and 
added  it  to  her  collection  of  heroes  for 
novels."  And  he  calls  it  a  "  traffic  of  souls," 
a  traffic  which  Mr.  Francis  Gribble  dis- 
entangles for  us,  almost  brutally,  but  with 
strong  common  sense,  in  his  book  on  George 
Sand  and  her  Lovers  (Eveleigh  Nash). 
A  good  deal  of  the  volume  is  a  summary  of 
well-known  material,  and  begins  by  being 
a  little  tedious  ;  but  as  the  narrative  con- 
tinues the  interest  increases.  Mr.  Gribble 
tells  everything  there  is  to  tell  witli  perfect 
frankness,  and  ho  brings  his  evidence  from 
all  sources,  not  betraying  any  prejudices 
by  the  way.  He  balances  one  testimony 
against  another,  and  comes  to  many  pro- 
bable conclusions.  Out  of  the  sequenco 
of  letters,  personal  confessions,  and  judg- 
ments of  contemporaries,  the  figure  of  the 
woman  slowly  builds  itself  up,  not  as  we 
are  accustomed  to  seo  it  in  the  biographies 
of  friends  and  apologists,  but  with  a  great 
appearance  of  reality. 

George  Sand  was  thought,  in  her  time, 


to    l>c   u    woman    ot  .md    a    writer   of 

genius,     iicr    hour    is    over,    and    we    can 

realise    now     that     both    as    woman    and    a^ 

writer   she    was   an    improviaatrioe,    not   a 

creator,     she  improvised   hi  i    I  she 

did  her  novels,  with  tfau  inoerity  and 

faoilitj  of  the  moment,  she  played  the 
woman    in    ■    mans    part,    and    piled    up 

chapters  and  volumes  OI  profitable  emotion-. 
She  seemed,  hoth  in  life  and  in  literature, 
to  follow  nature,  but  in  both  sho  lacked  art. 
She  could  not  see  that  anything  which  she 
did  was  absurd  ;  yet  she  was  at  once 
voracious  and  unstable.  She  lived,  in 
fact,  on  impulses  in  the  intervals  of  a  \.i  t 
literary  business.  She  was,  in  her  way, 
a  "  siren,"  as  Musset's  mother  called  her 
after  a  convincing  conversation  ;  only  a 
Merimee,  a  man  of  wit  and  taste,  could 
resist  her  ;  yet  she  leaves  for  us  no  impression 
of  having  been  a  great  lover,  an  Heloise, 
a  Julie  de  Lespinasse,  but  rather  of  having 
been  almost  professionally  devoted  to 
the  passions.  It  was  only  a  Pagello 
who  could  say  of  her :  "  Yes,  there 
is  no  denying  that  this  woman's  genius 
astonished  and  overwhelmed  me."  She 
appears  to  have  made  love  to  all  her 
lovers,  to  have  taken  what  she  wanted, 
through  some  power  winch  it  is  difficult 
now  to  realize  in  the  woman  of  whom 
Balzac  said  :  "  She  is  not  amiable,  and 
cannot  win  affection."  Affection,  of  a  kind, 
she  certainly  compelled  :  from  Chopin, 
who  did  not  want  to  meet  her  ;  from 
Musset,  whom  she  did  not  want  to  meet. 

Mr.  Gribble  is  straightforward,  and  pro- 
bably just,  in  his  analysis  of  the 
influence  which  George  Sand  exercised  on 
her  most  considerable  prey,  Alfred  de 
Musset.     "  She  behaved,"  he  says, 

"as  lightly  and  as  loosely  as  any  grisette,  and 
so  did  more  harm  than  it  would  have  been  possible 

for  a  grisette  to  do In  the  case  of  George  Sand 

it  was  the  ideal  itself  that  was  attacked." 

She  helped  him,  as  a  man  of  letters,  by 
making  his  imaginary  pains  poignant,  and 
his  poetic  melancholy  sincere, 
"but  she  also  gave  |him  the  spectacle  of  the  best 
of  women  (as  he  imagined)  behaving  like  the 
worst,  and  so  destroyed  his  faith  in  women." 

It  is  well  said  by  Mr.  Gribble  that  George 
Sand's  eccentricities, 

"  though  often  extravagant,  were  always 
commonplace,  deliberate,  and  predictable.  She 
defied  the  conventions  with  the  regularity  of  a 
clock-work  machine,  even  though  she  must  work 
fourteen  hours  a  day  in  order  to  be  able  to  do  so. 

That  was  one   of  the  incompatibilities   that 

separated  her  and  Musset ;  and  that  is  why  she 
thought  Chopin  '  demoralized '  when  inspiration 
possessed  him." 

Was  Dumas  fils  in  the  right  when  he  said 
of  her :  "  C'est  en  vain  qu'elle  voudrait 
etre  passionnee,  elle  ne  peut  pas  ;  sa  nature 
physique  s'y  refuse "  ?  There  is  some 
barren  strain  of  calm  in  her  wildest  trans- 
ports ;  and  her  transports,  where  they 
were  as  temporary  as  with  Pagello,  were 
apt  to  find  such  expression  as  this  : — 

"  When  your  li  oks  are  tender,  I  shall  fancy  that 
your  soul  is  speaking  to  mine.  When  you  lift 
your  eyes  to  heaven,  I  shall  imagine  that  your 
intelligence  is  ascending  to  the  eternal  home  from 
which  it  emanates." 

But  there  was  a  deeper  and  more  terrible 
coldness  yet,  a  "  vanity  of  sentiment," 
as  Mr.  Gribble  calls  it,  which  led  her,  when 
she  hoard  that  Chopin,  whom  she  had 
deserted,  was  dying,  to  say :  "  He  shall 
never  die  in  any  arms  but  mine."  She 
knocked  at  his  door,  and  was  turned  away 
from  it.  He  had  said  to  Fontana  :  "  J 
have  never  cursed  any  one,  but  lifo  has 
grown  so  intolerable  that  I  think  it  would 
help    mo    to    dio    more    easily  if  I  were  to 


curse    Luerezia,"    Lncreafa    being    George 

Sand,    a^     .-la-     saw      h< Tr-ell      in     h<T     i, 

Lui  retae  I  loriani.' 

George     Sand     died     famous,     compo 

1 1   peoted.     Shi    ,-•:<  med   to  he  i  me  of  the 

it  romantic  figures  of  her  period,  blot- 
ting out  even  Paltac  in  the  memory  of 
the    public,      she  was  aim*  m  to  bo 

a     moralist,     and     her     transmutations     of 
Lamennais,   of  Michel  <i(.   j{<, urges,  of   - 

Saint  -Simonians,  WOM  accepted  as  D 
doctrine.  To  us  now  the  talk  about  free- 
dom seems  as  far  away  as  the  actions 
by  which  she  illustrated  them.  She  thought 
she  had  always  been  a  good,  kind  woman, 
and  that  in  following  the  voice  of  nature 
she  had  done  no  more  than  a  woman's  duty. 
Her  conduct  and  her  gospel  were  alike 
suited  to  the  moment.  She  seemed,  in  the 
eyes  of  all  Europe,  to  be  emancipating 
woman.  We  may  ask,  to-day,  if  women 
are  any  nearer  to  emancipation  because 
George  Sand  set  them  a  pattern  of  irregu- 
larity, by  which  she  was  content  to  work 
out  her  mundane  salvation,  at  the  expense 
of  several  men  of  genius. 


OUR    LIBRARY   TABLE. 

In  our  review  on  December  7th,  1907, 
of  the  French  original  of  the  third  volume 
of  the  Memoirs  of  the  Comtesse  de  Boignc, 
w©  explained  why  it  was  difficult  to  extend 
to  that  instalment  the  praise  given  by  us 
to  the  second  part.  While  she  was  virtually 
the  lady  of  the  French  Embassy  in  London, 
the  author  was  in  a  better  position  to  tell 
stories  and  describe  characters  of  interest 
to  English  readers  than  when  settled  in 
Paris  after  the  Restoration  and  seeing 
through  the  eyes  of  Pozzo  di  Borgo  and  of 
Pasquier.  The  translation,  now  published 
by  Mr.  William  Heinemann,  gives  us  exactly 
the  contents  of  the  volume  thus  described. 
We  looked  with  some  curiosity  to  see 
whether  the  singular  notes  of  the  French 
editor  had  been  translated  without  remark, 
and  found  with  some  astonishment  that 
this  course  had  been  taken.  In  chap,  v., 
for  example,  there  will  be  found  the  long 
and  striking  annotations  of  M.  Nicoullaud, 
revealing  the  inaccuracies  of  Madame  de 
Boigne  with  ruthless  pen.  Never  was  there 
an  editor  of  the  first  edition  of  a  book 
who  took  so  active  a  part  in  exposing 
the  blunders,  and  calling  attention  to  the 
prejudices,  of  his  author.  We  quoted, 
in  our  review  of  the  original,  the  explanation 
of  the  "  fatal  example "  set  by  England 
in  allowing  a  revolutionary  usurpation  to 
triumph  over  a  "  Catholic  king."  The 
condemnation  of  our  1688  was  not  a  suffi- 
cient excuse  to  lead  the  editor  to  spare 
Madame  de  Boigne  herself.  In  the  transla- 
tion w©  read  : — 

"  Madame  de  Boigne  here  re-echoes  certain 
opinions  which  were  unfortunately  very  common 
in  the  so-called  Liberal  salons  of  this  period.  The 
violence  of  the  campaign  directed  against  the  com- 
pany of  Jesuits  and  the  hypocrisy  of  its  methods  is 
well  known.  In  any  case,  when  or  wherever 
Masonic  sects  have  felt  themselves  sufficiently 
powerful  to  attack  the  social  order,  they  have 
generally  opened  their  campaign   by  attempts  to 

destroy  or  to  weaken  the  Society Reading  the 

memoirs  of  this  party,  wo  are  surprised  by  the 
ridiculous  prejudices  which  dominate  the  clearest 
minds." 

Tho  attack  on  the  "  exactitude  and  im- 
partiality" of  Madam©  d©  Boigne  is  con- 
tinued in  every  chapter,  and  almost  on  every 
page.  Yet  it  might  be  pointed  out  thai 
the  "Legitimate"  king.  Louis  XVIII. . 
used  even  stronger  language  than  that  of 
Madame  do  Boigne  in  describing  many  of 
the  follies  of  the  reaction  that  led  up  to  his 
brother's  fall. 


No.  4188,  Feb.  1    1908 


THE     ATHENiEUM 


127 


The  translation  is  generally  competent, 
although  it  might  in  many  passages  be 
improved,  as,  for  example,  where  the  Due 
de  Liancourt  is  made  "  to  say  '  I  much 
prefer  the  age'":  although  what  he  did 
say  was,  "  J'aimais  encore  mieux  le  temps  " 
— ("  that  when  my  ancestors  were  unable 
to  read").  The  shades  of  difference  are 
slight,  but  any  change  was  here  unnecessary. 
It  is  so  rarely  possible  to  render  the  sense 
by  a  literal  translation  that  this  should 
invariably  be  done  when  nothing  is  lost 
by  it.  The  slight  errors  of  the  original 
are  retained  in  the  translation.  Among 
them  we  are  disposed,  on  the  authority 
of  correspondents  of  Notes  and  Queries, 
to  class  "  Sophie  Daw  "  for  Sophy  Dawes, 
the  lady  of  the  Due  de  Bourbon's  death- 
scandal  at  Chantilly.  The  index  is  not 
free  from  mistakes  and  oddities.  The  Due 
Decazes  is  indexed  as  "  Decazes,  M."  ; 
while  the  Due  de  Richelieu  is  indexed  with 
his  title.  If  a  difference  was  to  be  made, 
it  should,  we  think,  have  been  in  the  opposite 
direction,  inasmuch  as  the  Richelieu  duke- 
dom dates  only  from  1822,  and  the  Decazes 
from  1820.  Moreover,  Madame  de  Boigne 
describes  fully  the  circumstances  connected 
with  the  sudden  bestowal  of  a  dukedom 
on  Decazes,  a  private  secretary,  not  of  high 
birth,  who  had  held  office  as  Minister  for 
but  a  few  months  before  his  fall.  We  may 
note  in  this  connexion  that  to  an  earlier 
Due  de  Richelieu  who  is  also  in  the  index 
is  assigned  a  foot-note  belonging  to  the 
new  man  whose  statue  adorns  Odessa. 

The  certainty  of  debates  in  Parliament 
on  Old-Age  Pensions  ensures  a  sale  to  a 
handy  volume  by  Mr.  William  Sutherland, 
published  by  Messrs.  Methuen  &  Co.  It 
gives  a  full  view  of  many  leading  schemes, 
and  states  their  advantages  and  drawbacks. 
We  have  found  nothing  to  detract  from  its 
usefulness  in  our  perusal.  The  author 
has  near  the  end  of  his  book  a  chapter 
called  '  A  Practicable  Pension  Scheme,' 
in  which  he  tries  to  avoid  the  objections 
raised  against  many  of  the  others.  In  our 
examination  of  it  we  are  led  to  suggest 
that  there  is  a  difficulty  about  the  paragraph, 
"  Persons  who  suffered  from  incurable  in- 
firmities or  maladies  should  be  admitted 
to  the  pension  scheme  at  a  much  earlier 
age."  Certain  diseases  of  occupation  have 
now  been  classed  with  accidents  under  the 
Workmen's  Compensation  law,  and  there 
is  power  to  make  additions  by  order  to  the 
schedule.  In  some  industries  incurable 
maladies  are  produced  by  the  trade,  and 
lead  poisoning  is  now  scheduled  for  that 
reason  ;  while,  by  a  decision  reached  after 
much  difficulty  and  not  unlikely  to  be 
overruled,  potters'  asthma  and  some  forms 
of  tubercular  consumption  connected  with 
other  trades  have  been  excluded  from  the 
schedule.  It  is  clear  that  there  is  vast 
difficulty  in  applying  the  old-age  pension 
system  to  invalidity  without  a  general  con- 
sideration (such  as  prevails  in  Germany) 
of  the  whole  subject  of  provision  for  sickness 
among  workpeople.  Great  practical  diffi- 
culty would  bo  found  in  the  legislation 
meant  to  carry  out  the  author's  view  of 
exceptional  treatmont  of  such  cases. 

Human  Justice  for  those  at  the  Bottom  : 
an  Appeal  to  those  at  the  Top.  By  C.  C. 
Cotterill.  (Smith  &  Elder.)— This  is  a 
well-meaning,  but  diffusely  written  book, 
the  title  of  which  explains  its  purpose.  It 
is  hortative  rather  than  illuminating.  The 
author's  "  plan  "  is 

"  that  those  at  tho  top  should  without  delay  come 
to  the  aid  of  those  at  tho  bottom,  and  out  of  their 
own  vast  abundance  should  remedy  the  correspond- 
ing destitution  of  these." 

But  ho  has  been   told   (suroly   with   great 


reason)  that  this  is  not  enough,  and  so  he 
appends  "  some  outlines  of  a  constructive 
scheme  of  action,"  from  which  it  appears 
as  a  first  and  absolutely  necessary  condition 
that  the  upper  classes  should  act  as  a 
united  body,  and  with  the  set  determination 
to  succeed,  and  as  a  further  condition, 
that  the  whole  body  of  the  upper  classes, 
whose  health  and  age  render  them  capable 
of  being  useful,  must  be  available  for  personal 
service.  Except  that  a  representative  com- 
mittee of  the  upper  classes  should  be  formed, 
and  should  draw  up  a  statement,  we  do  not 
gather  that  the  author  is  prepared  with 
any  further  rules,  e.g.,  for  apportioning 
either  the  money  collected  or  the  personal 
service  available.  In  this  he  shows  a  wise 
distrust  of  rules  for  such  a  purpose,  but 
the  book  is  left  in  the  position  of  a  moral 
motor-car  in  which  the  sparking  apparatus 
is  in  perfect  order,  but  which  cannot  move 
an  inch. 

Elements  of  Psychology.  By  Sydney  Her- 
bert Mellone  and  Margaret  Drummond. 
(Blackwood.) — As  a  textbook  in  which 
the  needs  and  difficulties  of  the  beginner 
receive  primary  consideration  this  volume 
will  be  found  useful,  not  only  by  reason 
of  the  exposition,  but  also  of  the  systematic 
way  in  which  references  are  given  to  other 
works,  with  useful  remarks  upon  their 
character  and  standpoint.  The  authors 
are  not  too  proud  to  mingle  exhortation 
and  advice  with  their  exposition  when  a 
good  purpose  can  be  served,  and  such 
advice  is  often  excellent.  For  example, 
on  p.  41  the  reader  is  rightly  warned  against 
taking  on  trust  any  illustrative  descriptions 
of  psychological  situations,  and  advised 
to  test  them  by  observing  similar  situations 
for  himself.  This,  it  need  hardly  be  said, 
is  the  crux  of  the  whole  matter.  The  book 
keeps  thoroughly  "  real "  throughout.  It 
is  also  marked  by  the  same  characteristic 
as  Dr.  Mellone's  '  Textbook  of  Logic ' — 
its  discussions  show  a  sound  general  philo- 
sophy in  the  background,  without  in  any 
way  hampering  the  purely  scientific  exposi- 
tion. In  a  prefatory  note  we  have  the  golden 
saying  :  "  The  student  is  reminded  that 
the  index  is  intended  to  be  used."  It  is  a 
special  merit  in  the  book  that  such  knotty 
points  as  subconsciousness,  mental  activity, 
and  the  nature  of  the  emotions,  are  handled 
so  as  to  leave  the  student  perplexed  with 
real  difficulties  only,  and  not  merely  in  a 
state  of  confusion  in  which  all  view  of  the 
real  problems  is  blurred  and  hazy. 

Public  Libraries  :  a  Treatise  on  their 
Design,  Construction,  and  Fittings.  By 
Amian  L.  Champneys.  (Batsford.) — Mr. 
Champneys  has  set  himself  the  task  of  fur- 
nishing a  complete  and  practical  aid  in  the 
designing  of  public  libraries  to  the  library 
architect,  the  librarian,  and  the  library 
committee.  In  this  we  think  he  has  suc- 
ceeded within  fairly  reasonable  limits. 
He  has  shown  a  thorough  knowledge  of 
practical  details  and  the  latest  achieve- 
ments, both  in  England  and  in  the  United 
States.  He  has  boldly  reversed  the  usual 
order  of  such  textbooks  as  his,  and  has 
proceeded  from  the  particular  to  the 
general,  considering  first  what  are  the 
necessaries  of  any  library,  and  thon  the 
library  as  a  whole.  His  book  will  be 
indispensable  to  all  those  in  authority  who 
may  have  to  build  or  rebuild  a  public 
library,  or  to  arrango  for  additions.  If 
we  vontured  a  criticism,  it  would  bo  that 
Mr.  Champneys  sooms  to  under  ostium  to 
the    changes    in    plan    cauBed    by    modern 

innovations  in  librnrianship.      We  anticipate 

a  general  suppression  of  the  newspaper- 
room  in  the  course  of  a  year  or  two,  and 
no   new    library    is    likely    to    contain    one, 


the  advertisement  sheets  being  properly 
posted  outside  before  the  library  is  opened. 
The  change  in  plan  this  will  occasion,  how- 
ever, is  much  less  important  than  that 
due  to  the  adoption  of  open  access  to 
the  shelves,  where  the  labour  of  fetching 
books  will  be  replaced  by  that  of  super- 
vision. Comparatively  few  of  the  illus- 
trations given  by  Mr.  Champneys  are  of 
use  to  the  designer  of  such  a  library  in 
England.  The  question  of  providing  meet- 
ing-rooms in  connexion  with  the  public 
library  is  also  to  be  considered  as  pressing 
in  the  near  future.  We  have  nothing 
but  praise  for  the  attention  to  details  shown 
by  the  author,  who  has  evidently  studied 
the  matter  from  the  point  of  view  of  the 
public  reader  and  of  the  librarian  with  the 
trained  skill  of  the  architect.  An  appendix 
contains  the  principal  provisions  of  the 
Public  Libraries  Act.  The  numerous  plans 
of  public  buildings  are  all  drawn  to  the  same 
scale,  an  easily  appreciated  convenience 
to  the  reader  in  comparing  details. 

It  will  be  a  great  convenience,  more 
particularly  to  country  booksellers  who 
cannot  attend  the  London  sales,  to  receive 
Book-Prices  Current  (Stock)  in  bi-monthly 
parts,  although  such  parts  have  an  un- 
fortunate tendency  to  get  lost.  The  first 
instalment  of  the  new  volume  (the  twenty- 
second)  offers  little  material  for  comment, 
although  it  seems  that  the  editor,  Mr.  Slater, 
has  considerably  reduced  his  limit  of  price 
for  inclusion,  many  lots  being  reported 
which  fetched  less  than  a  pound,  and  one 
(No.  882)  as  little  as  five  shillings.  If  the 
limit  is  to  be  fixed  at  the  latter  amount,  each 
season's  sales  will  require  two  or  three  full 
volumes  ;  but,  if  the  reporting  is  done  with 
judgment,  the  abandonment  of  any  limita- 
tion as  to  price  will  be  welcomed.  Many  rare 
books  sell  for  less  than  a  sovereign,  and 
these  some  day  may  become  the  "  sport " 
of  the  collector.  The  small  price  paid  for 
the  first  edition  of  '  Waverley  '  (No.  844)  is 
explained  by  the  fact,  pointed  out  at  the 
time  of  the  sale,  that  vols.  i.  and  ii.  had  no 
imprint,  and  this  should  be  recorded  in  Mr. 
Slater's  '  Corrigenda.'  Macready's  library 
was,  we  think,  sold  in  London  60on  after  his 
death,  and  it  would  have  been  well  to  point 
this  out  in  connexion  with  the  sale  at 
Sotheby's  last  October  of  a  number  of  books 
from  the  great  tragedian's  collection,  other- 
wise it  may  be  supposed  that  this  selection 
constituted  his  library.  The  sales  reported 
in  this  part  reach  only  to  November  5th. 

We  note  one  consequence  of  the  new 
edition  of  that  excellent  book,  Muther's 
'History  of  Modern  Painting,'  1895-6: 
made  a  "  remainder "  at  a  guinea  soon 
after  it  was  published,  it  has  for  some  years 
sold  at  auction  for  from  31.  to  41.,  but  has 
now  "dropped"  to  11.  10s.  (No.  310). 
Crabb  Robinson's  'Diary,'  1869  (No.  334), 
still  keeps  up  its  price,  and  we  are  surprised 
that  a  cheap  one-volume  edition  of  it  has 
not  appeared,  as  the  copyright  will  soon 
expire.  Dighton's  portrait  of  the  first 
Mr.  Christie  on  the  cover  of  this  part  looks 
very  much  the  worse  for  wear,  and  might 
now  give  place  to  that  of  some  other  worthy 
of  tho  book-sale  rostrum. 

A  Hundred  Great  Poems,  selectod  and 
annotated  by  Richard  James  Cross  (New 
York,  Henry  Holt  &  Co.),  is  a  neat  little 
book,  of  which  tho  type  (except  for  one 
or  two  pages  of  sadly  slanting  lines)  and  tho 
contents  nro  both  pleasing.  Tho  editor 
claims  for  the  largo  majority  of  his  selections 
an  assured  first  rank  ;  but  we  cannot  call 
Horace  Smith's  'Address  to  the  Mummy' 
a  great  poem,  or  Longfellow's  '  Psalm  of 
Life,'  or  Henry  Sidgwick's  'Goethe  and 
Frederika,'  which  is  pretty  enough,  and 
now  to  us. 


128 


T  II  E     A  T  II  EN  A-:  1'  M 


No.  U88,  Feb.  l.  1908 


The   MaicTa   Tragedy  and    Every   Man   in 

his    Humour   aro    published    l>y    Mr.    Fnum 

Griffiths  in  n  now  series  of  paper-oovered 
"Old    English    Plays,"    edited    with    Intro 
duotion   by   Mr.    !•'•   J.   Cox.     The  venture 
i    a  laudable  onei  foe  which  we  wish  wide 

M:  lass.    liAOicrxxAM    issue    Sir    Walter 

It.  an  address  by   Mr.   <  ;<-< nur<<  Wyndlinm 

to   the   ''Edinburgh   Walter   Bootl    Club" 

last  November,  which  is  u  whole-hearted 
eulogy  of  the  Waverley  Novels,  and  excellent 

both  in  stylo  and  niattor.  Mr.  Wyndham's 
views,  though  not  thoso  of  many  critics 
of  to-day,  BOem  to  us  fairly  maintained  ; 
but  wo  think  it  a  pity  that  ho  has  minimized 
Scott's  responsibility  for  his  own  downfall. 

The  same  firm  havo  published  an  oxcol- 
lontly  printed  and  neatly  bound  edition 
of  Sooloy's  Ecce  Homo  at  a  shilling.  This 
is  ono  of  the  cheapost  books  wo  havo  seen 
for  some  time. 

Burke's  Peerage,  Baronetage,  and  Knight- 
age reaches  this  year  its  seventieth  issue 
(Harrison),  being  edited  by  Sir  Bernard 
Burke  and  Ashworth  P.  Burke.  It  is  a 
stately  volume  of  such  a  bulk  as  to  suggest 
its  early  division  into  two  parts,  if  the  fount 
of  honour  continues  to  pour  out  distinctions 
as  it  has  done  lately.  However,  1907  was 
not  so  prolific  in  this  respect  as  the  two 
previous  years.  The  Preface  duly  mentions 
that  the  life  peerage  of  Davey  is  extinct,  but 
it  still  figures,  though  so  described,  in  the 
text  among  the  living,  as  do  the  late  Sir 
Henry  Dymoke  and  Sir  Denham  Jephson- 
Norreys.  The  Edward  Medal  for  Miners  and 
Quarrymen  is  a  novelty  of  last  summer. 
Though  we  should  be  sorry  to  endorse  all  the 
legendary  parts  of  the  pedigrees  recorded 
here,  the  volume  may  be  generally  trusted 
as  the  premier  authority  on  the  peerage, 
and  all  the  details  that  we  have  examined 
are  free  from  fault.  Thus  the  noble  family 
of  Ferrers  is  now  only  credited  with  Staunton 
Harold  as  a  seat,  Chartley  Castle,  another 
historic  place,  having  been  sold  four  years 
ago.  The  '  Mottoes  with  Translation,'  as 
we  have  remarked  before,  show  weakness  in 
Latin,  and  might  be  corrected  with  ad- 
vantage by  a  scholar.  Quid,  for  instance, 
does  not  mean  "  who  "  ;  verbs  do  not,  like 
adverbs,  take  accents ;  and,  though  we 
find  a  reference  to  Persius,  more  familiar 
ones  to  Horace  (e.g.,  "  Odi  profanum")  are 
not  noticed.  Servamus  does  not  mean 
"  let  us  preserve."  Some  of  the  blocks  of 
the  arms  are  getting  worn,  and  might  be 
replaced. 

Lodge's  Peerage,  Baronetage,  and  Knight- 
age (Kelly's  Directories)  is  edited  this 
year  by  Sir  Arthur  Vicars,  and 
is  not  only  a  handsome,  but  also  a 
thoroughly  trustworthy  volume.  The 
heraldic  illustrations,  for  which  '  Lodge ' 
has  a  well-deserved  reputation,  are  excel- 
lently done,  and  the  blazon  throughout 
has  undorgone  personal  revision  by  the 
editor,  ono  of  the  ablest  heralds  of  the  day. 
He  wisely  inserts  a  caveat  where  the  arms 
of  baronets  are  used,  but  not  legally  recorded. 
The  details  given  of  the  issue  of  knights  aro 
welcome ;  and  the  whole  volume  affords 
a  satisfactory  view  of  the  subject,  being, 
in  addition,  decidedly  cheap  in  view  of  its 
quality. 

To  thoso  who  like  something  less  magnifi- 
cent and  bulky  than  the  volumes  just 
noticed  the  Peerages  of  Debrctt  (Dean)  and 
Dod  (Whittaker  &  Co.)  are  to  be  com- 
mended. Tho  former  contains  2,500  pages, 
and  in  a  vory  interesting  Introduction  con- 
siders various  points,  such  as  tho  avorage 
yearly  distribution  of  honours,  the  Report 
of  tho  Committoe  on  tho  Baronetage,   and 


itatistios   for   the   past    twenty-five   >• 
It    appears    that    during    the  past    twelve 
months  upwards  of  456  honours  were  con- 
ferred     To   hoop   pace   with   such   ■   flow 

of  distinctions  cannot  fail  to  be  B 
difficult  business,  apart  from  the  pitfalls 
involved  in  similar  names,  explained  in 
tho  Introduction.  '  Debrett,'  however,  per- 
forms its  duties  with  zoal  and  discretion. 
Mod'  is  a  triumph  of  neatness  and  com- 
pactness, and  for  purposes  of  ready  rofei i 
is,  as  we  havo  said  before,  unrivalled. — 
Kelly' 8  Handbook  to  tlie  Titled,  Ixinded,  and 
Official  Classes  (Kelly's  Directories)  and 
The  Clergy  Directory  (J.  S.  Phillips)  aro  too 
well  known  to  need  our  commendation. 

We  congratulate  The  Bookseller  on  reach- 
ing  its    "  Jubiloo  Number,   January,    1858- 
1908,"    which   contains   in   nine   articles   an 
interesting  illustrated  survey  of  the  progress 
of   the  paper   and   of   bookselling.     Joseph 
Whitakor,    who   invented    tho   famous   '  Al- 
manack'    in     18G8,    was    also    tho    founder 
and  first  editor  of  The  Bookseller.     In  1874 
his  son  J.  Vernon  Whitaker  was  entrusted 
with    the    editorship,    and    tho    '  Reference 
Catalogue  of  Current  Literature  '  was  begun. 
Father  and  son  both  died  in  1895,  and  since 
that  date  two  other  sons,  Mr.    George  H. 
Whitaker  and  Mr.   Cuthbert  W.  Whitaker, 
have  managed  the  business.     The  remaining 
articles  include  an  account  of  the  services 
of    John    Francis    towards    removing    the 
'  Taxes    on  Knowledge  '  ;     '  Trade  Dinners  '; 
and    '  Some   of   the   Great   Houses '    whose 
names    are    imperishably    connected    with 
literature.     A  reduced  facsimile  is  presented 
with   the   "  Jubilee   Number "    of   the  first 
issue.     This   has   a   special   section   on   the 
Indian    Question,    and    records    inter    alia 
the    thirtieth    edition    of    Tupper's    '  Pro- 
verbial    Philosophy,'     Masson's     '  Life     of 
Milton  '   (shortly  to  appear),   '  A  Universal 
History    for    Young    Persons,'     and    '  The 
Jokings  of  an  Old  Woman  of  Eighty,'  third 
edition. 


OUIDA. 

Mlle.  Louise  de  la  Ramee,  better 
known  as  Ouida,  the  novelist,  died  on 
Saturday  last  at  Viareggio.  The  Civil 
List  pension  of  1507.  a  year  recently  con- 
ferred on  her  revealed  the  fact  that  she  had 
been  living  for  some  time  in  a  state  of 
poverty.  Her  end  was  hastened  by  her 
exposure  to  cold,  and  she  steadfastly  refused 
medical  aid. 

Born  of  an  English  mother,  whose  father 
was  a  merchant  at  Bury  St.  Edmunds, 
she  spent  part  of  her  girlhood  there.  For 
many  years  she  had  resided  in  Italy. 
She  had  a  long  career  as  a  writer, 
beginning  in  the  magazines  as  early  as  1861. 
In  1863  appeared  '  Held  in  Bondage,'  which 
was  succeeded  in  1865  by  '  Strathmore,' 
a  story  which  attracted  enough  attention 
to  be  parodied  more  than  once.  '  Under 
Two  Flags'  (1867)  is  probably  her  best 
story,  excellent  in  plot  and  movement, 
and  containing  an  attractive  study  of  a 
vivandiere.  '  Tricotrin '  (1869),  'Puck' 
(1870),  'A  Dog  of  Flanders'  (1872),  'Two 
Little  Wooden  Shoes'  (1874),  'Moths' 
(1880),  and  'Wanda'  (1883),  were  the  most 
striking  among  her  long  list  of  novels.  She 
went  on  writing  them  steadily,  but  her  recent 
work,  apart  from  '  The  Massarenes,'  an 
able  but  unpleasant  study  of  a  plutocrat, 
did  not  attract  the  attention  paid  to  her 
earlier  books.  Her  vogue  was  past ;  her 
beau  sabreur,her  ingenuous  and  often  priggish 
heroines  and  wicked  men  of  the  world, 
her  extravagance,  often  verging  on  oloquence, 
and  cynicism  ceased  to  attract.  She  had 
considerable  powers  of  writing,  and  a  better 
equipment  of  knowledge  than  many  writers 


•  -<-    to  day,    having    I    haSD    interest    m 
ai  I ,    ancient    and    modern  ;     but    ) .. 
of    life    were    romantically    false.      I'nfoiiu- 

nately,   too,   she  always  wrote  more  than 

knew;      she    crowded    her    Stories    with 

inaccurate  details,  nspofiially  concerning 
University    life,    putting,    for    instance,    u 

little  '/'  itrihtc.  into  a  shop  in  a  hack  lano 
where    there  are   noshops,  elms   in  a  fan 

college  cciut    where   there  jg  no  trie,  and 

meerschaums  into  the  mouths  of  oarsmen 
on  the  river.  Ono  gentleman  had  for  his 
motto     "not     Pro     Deo,     hut     Pro     ESgO 

another  was  "  a  smasher  of  tho  entire  1 1 
logos."  Her  artistic  Bohemian  liad  eyes 
full  of  "  rich  Aristophanic  humours,  brilliant 
Swift-like  irony,  and  Burgundian  Piron  wit 
of  many  nationalities."  Hi  r  "  beauty " 
men  were  usually  offensive,  and  her  views 
of  the  demi-monde  were  considered  very 
wicked  in  a  past  age  ;  but  it  may  be  noted 
that  she  indulged  in  nothing  like  the  licence 
of  the  novelist  of  to-day.  She  had  admirable 
verve,  and  in  spite  of  her  sentimentality, 
real  feeling  for  the  poor  and  for  animals. 
Her  ideas,  as  may  be  seen  in  '  Views  and 
Opinions'  (1895),  she  maintained  with 
fearless  outspokenness,  and  mingled  with 
her  wild  writing  a  good  deal  of  epigram 
and  sound  sense.  She  repelled  the  inter- 
viewer, and  poured  legitimate  scorn  on  the 
vulgar  curiosity  concerning  the  private  lives 
of  the  eminent  which  modern  journalism 
has  encouraged.  In  her  work  she  was  the 
successor,  not  of  Bulwer,  as  has  been  sug- 
gested, but  of  a  writer  now  forgotten, 
George  A.  Lawrence,  the  once  popular  author 
of  '  Guy  Livingstone '  (1851),  '  Sword  and 
Gown'  (1859),  and  other  stories.  With 
more  scholarship  and  knowledge  of  the 
world  than  Ouida,  he  introduced  the  beau 
sabreur  and  his  bonnes  fortunes,  and  tilted 
at  conventionalities. 


NOTES    FROM    PARIS. 

The  nomination  of  Societaires  of  the 
Comedie  Francaise  has  ruffled  certain  spirits, 
including  M.  Silvain,  who  consoles  himself 
with  the  hope  of  obtaining  for  his  wife  the 
right  to  create  the  principal  part  in  a  play 
called  '  Jerusalem '  by  the  poet  Georges 
Rivollet.  This  is  the  first  time  that  the 
author  of  '  Alkestis  '  and  '  Les  Pheniciennes  ' 
has  attempted  a  modern  tragedy  in  prose. 
The  piece  should  interest  English  plajgoers 
because  it  portrays  a  member  of  your 
Parliament,  to  whom  M.  Rivollet  has  given 
a  fine  character.  M.  and  Madame  Silvain 
at  one  moment  thought  of  introducing  the 
play  first  in  London. 

The  M.P.  comes  of  a  family  of  free- 
thinkers, and  one  of  his  ancestors  suffered 
martyrdom  at  the  stake  by  order  of  the 
Inquisition.  The  heroines  of  this  story  of 
passion  are  devoted  Catholics. 

Rivollet  will  dedicate  to  Hervieu  Ins 
novel,  '  La  Dentelle  de  Thermidor,'  which 
has  been  appearing  in  the  Revue  de  Paris. 
In  the  volume  your  readers  will  find  a  new 
chapter  and  a  witty  preface,  in  which  the 
author  defends  himself  for  seeming  to  write 
an  historical  work.  He  has  supplied  his  poet 
imprisoned  in  "  Port-Libre  "  with  curly  hair, 
a  Greek  soul,  and  the  appearance  of  an 
Andr6  Chenier  addressing  verses  to  "La 
jeuno  captive "  ;  but  he  does  not  pre- 
tend to  identify  the  two  poets.  In  oven- 
prison  of  the  Revolution  four  or  five  poets 
wrote  verses  in  honour  of  several  captive 
ladies.  The  one  who  inspired  Chenier,  Mile, 
de  Coignj-,  was  in  the  prison  of  Samt-Lazare 
with  a  lover ;  but  she  merely  inspired 
Chenier' s  muse  without  touching  his  heart. 
To  prove  that  his  hero  is  a  child  of  fancy. 
Rivollet  has  drawn  from  the  'Memoirs  of  the 
Prisons '   a  madrigal  addressed  by  an  un- 


No.  4188,  Feb.  1,  1908 


THE    ATHEN^UM 


129 


known  poet  to  "  soeur  Colette."  The 
author's  theme  is  the  gaiety  of  the  French 
noble  at  the  foot  of  the  scaffold.        C.  G. 


NOTES    FROM    BANGKOK. 

December,  1907. 

Some  few  books  have  lately  been  published 
in  Bangkok  which  deserve  perhaps  more 
than  a  passing  notice.  I  am  not  speaking 
of  the  numerous  reviews  and  magazines, 
which  are  mostly  of  the  style  of  Tit- 
bits and  papers  of  that  sort,  and  cannot 
claim  to  be  classed  as  literature,  but  at 
best  only  show  that  there  is  a  demand  for 
reading,  if  such  reading  can  be  provided  at 
a  small  ^ost. 

Amongst  these  new  books  the  first  rank 
may  be  claimed  by  a  small  pamphlet  of  only 
24  pages,  the  '  Phra  Rajaphongsavadan 
Krung  Kao.'  It  is  a  chronicle  of  events 
in  Siam  from  Chulasakaraj  696  to  966  (1334- 
1604).  The  brevity  which  its  author  affects 
is  in  many  cases  excruciating.  He  chro- 
nicles the  events  as  they  were  written  down 
in  the  yearly  calendars,  and  he  presupposes 
that  the  reader  is  well  acquainted  with  the 
facts  to  which  he  refers.  The  dates  do 
not  correspond  with  those  given  in  the 
official  history,  published  first  in  1795,  and 
again,  in  the  reign  of  Phra  Nang  Klao,  by 
Somdet  Phra  Paramanujit  in  1840.  The 
dates  of  the  official  history,  on  the  other 
hand,  agree  with  the  dates  given  in  the 
history  of  Burma  and  Cambodia  ;  but  as 
both  these  chronicles  were  wiitten  at  a 
date  later  than  that  of  the  newly  discovered 
MS.,  the  presumption  of  correctness  is 
certainly  in  favour  of  the  new  authority. 
Its  discovery  amongst  a  number  of  other 
MSS.  of  no  value  is  certainly  interest- 
ing, and  would  show  that  fresh  MSS.  may 
still  be  unearthed.  It  was  therefore  cer- 
tainly a  good  idea  to  have  the  MS.  at  once 
printed,  without  any  additions  and  correc- 
tions, even  if  they  might  appear  obviovu. 
It  was  also  a  piece  of  good  luck  that  Prince 
Lopburi  found  in  his  travels  up  country, 
in  the  temple  Chulamani  at  Phitsnulok,  an 
inscription  which  referred  to  events  recorded 
in  these  chronicles,  and  which  is  here 
reprinted.  Prince  Damrong  in  a  short 
introduction  has  pointed  out  the  importance 
of  the  MS.  for  historical  research.  It  is 
important  to  insist  on  the  fact  that  it 
has  been  printed  without  alterations,  as, 
for  reasons  which  it  would  take  too  long  to 
explain,  every  new  editor  of  an  old  work 
tliinks  himself  justified  in  correcting  the 
text.  He  even  sometimes  does  not  scruplo 
to  make  some  additions — additions  which 
may  be  obvious  enough,  but  the  proper 
place  of  which  is  in  foot  -  notes.  Unfor- 
tunately, old  profane  MSS. — i.e.,  MSS. 
which  date  from  before  the  destruction  of 
Ayuddhya  in  1767 — have  not  yet  been 
found.  Most  of  the  literature  kept  in  MS. 
dates  from  the  reign  of  Phra  Buddha  Yot 
Fa  (1782-1808);  and  MSS.  of  the  sacred 
literature  do  not  seem  to  go  back  further 
than  250  years. 

A  work  which  deserves  wider  notice  is 
the  one  published  by  Phya  Prajakitkora- 
chak  only  a  few  days  before  his  doatli 
in  October  last.  He  calls  the  volumes 
'  Phongsavadan  Yonok,'  and  carefully  odits 
in  the  work  the  chronicles  of  the  Northorn 
States,  as  far  as  they  are  still  extant,  having 
reference  especially  to  the  history  of 
Siam  boforo  the  foundation  of  Ayuddhya 
and  the  establishment  of  the  Siameso 
monarchy.  Tho  author,  who  died  a  judge 
of  the  King's  Court  of  Appoal,  had  in 
provious    yoars    travollod    throughout    tho 


kingdom,  and  had  collected  (not  an  easy 
task)  the  MSS.  dealing  with  the  laws  and 
histories  of  the  States  he  visited.  Some  of 
these  chronicles  he  had  previously  published 
in  the  Vajirahana  Magazine,  but  we  now 
get  the  complete  work. 

All  these  chronicles  present  in  their  latter 
part  true  history,  whilst  in  the  earlier  parts 
the  tendency  exists  to  attach  it  to  the 
legends  of  the  Buddha.  Throughout  the 
Far  East  the  names  of  towns  and  provinces 
are  those  of  Indian  chronicles.  Sometimes  we 
find  an  adaptation  of  indigenous  names  to 
Indian  names  and  vice  versa.  Names  of 
towns  disappear,  ancient  names  are  given 
to  newly  founded  cities  :  we  find  in  many 
instances  the  vulgar  name  of  the  town  and 
an  official  one  ;  the  chiefs  affect  the  name  of 
Indian  origin,  and  so  the  name  of  Kamboja, 
for  instance,  enters,  as  the  author  points  out, 
into  the  name  of  the  chiefs  of  seven  different- 
States  of  the  Thai  Yai. 

There  is  a  very  wide  field  open  for  research, 
and  in  gradually  printing  the  old  chronicles 
as  far  as  they  can  be  traced  we  may  hope 
that,  to  quote  the  late  Prof.  Weber,  Auch 
hier  wird's  tagen." 

The  first  volume  of  the  Siamese  transla- 
tion of  the  famous  chronicles  of  Ceylon  the 
'  Mahavamsa  '  has  also  just  been  issued.  The 
translation  was  made  by  the  Phya  Dham- 
maparohit  in  the  reign  of  Phra  Buddha  Yot 
Fa,  and  revised  at  that  time  by  the  Depart- 
ment of  Scribes.  There  was  a  lively  literary 
intercourse  between  Siam  and  Ceylon  in  the 
eighteenth  century,  and  many  MSS.  came 
to  Ayuddhya  through  the  missions  which 
were  sent  from  Ceylon  and  returned  from 
Ayuddhya. 

The  Cambodian  MSS.  present,  as  Prof. 
Hardy  pointed  out,  a  somewhat  fuller  version 
than  the  MSS.  edited  by  Turnour,  and 
this  version  was  in  all  instances  followed 
in  the  Siamese  rendering.  The  second  and 
last  volume  of  the  translation  is  ready  for 
publication,  and  within  a  few  months  also  the 
Pali  text,  with  the  various  readings  as  found 
in  the  Cambodian  MSS.,  will  be  duly  edited. 

Some  modern  literature  may  be  likewise 
worth  recording.  After  the  King's  return 
from  his  visit  to  Europe  this  year  Phya 
Srisahadheb  (Seng),  who  accompanied  the 
King  on  his  first  journey  as  secretary  in 
1897,  and  has  since  occupied  tho  position  of 
Vice-Minister  and  Under-Secretary  of  the 
Interior,  published  an  account,  fully  illus- 
trated, of  that  journey,  chronicling  the 
more  important  events.  Many  interesting 
things  are  recorded,  and  perhaps  one  which 
deserves  special  mention  is  an  account  of  the 
King's  stay  in  Kandy  to  visit  the  Malikava 
temple  in  which  the  famous  tooth  relic  is 
kept.  The  King  was  well  received,  but  when 
he  expressed  the  wish  to  examine  this  relic, 
and  to  handle  two  MSS.  on  gold  leaves, 
the  requests  were  refused  for  some  reason 
or  the  other.  The  King,  who  had  been 
hailed  as  the  "  Supporter  of  tho  Faith," 
naturally  resented  this  act,  and  refused 
to  accept  the  address  and  the  offerings 
made  to  him  or  subsequent  apologies. 
His  attitude  seems  to  be  reasonable. 
After  all,  a  relic  is  only  worth  what  people 
believe  it  to  ropresent,  and  according 
to  Siamese  Buddhist  ideas  the  numerous 
Buddha  statues  and  imagos  kopt  in 
temples  and  houses  are  not  objects  of 
worship,  but  aro  only  kopt,  to  use  the 
words  of  an  old  MS.,  as  images  or 
likenessos  of  his  porson,  made  for  tho 
purposo  of  keeping  his  followers  mind- 
ful of  him,  and  consequently  to  gladden 
and  delight  thoir  heart  by  thoughts  of  tho 
Infinitely  Knowing  one." 

I  might  include  in  this  roviow  other 
publications  as  showing  that  Siam  is  taking 
a  lively  interost  in  tho  world's  progress,  or 


what  is  called  such.  Versions  of  the  Japanese- 
Chinese  war,  and  one  of  the  Japanese- 
Russian  war,  are  much  appreciated  :  in  the 
service  paper  the  Yuddha  Kosa  (the  organ 
of  the  War  Office)  the  various  ques- 
tions arising  out  of  it  are  discussed.  The 
Dcsabhipal  is  the  semi-official  organ  of  the 
Ministry  of  the  Interior,  and  is  now  in  its 
third  year.  Issued  in  the  first  instance 
simply  as  a  service  paper,  it  may  now  be 
bought,  and  is  freely  circulated.  It  contains 
exceedingly  interesting  information  and 
details  as  regards  history  and  administration. 

Soon  after  the  return  of  the  King 
from  Europe  he  celebrated  his  forty  years 
of  reign  in  the  old  capital  of  Ayuddhya 
where  extensive  excavations  had  been 
made  with  a  view  to  discovering  the  sites 
of  the  old  palaces  and  temples.  On  that 
occasion  he  sanctioned  the  creation  of  the 
Poranagadi  Samoson  (Historical  Research 
Society),  of  which  he  himself  assumed  the 
presidency.  Besides  tho  publication  of 
Siamese  historical  literature,  as  far  as  it 
can  still  be  traced,  and  of  inscriptions, 
it  is  intended  to  issue  the  more  important 
old  works  on  Siam  written  in  foreign  lan- 
guages, where  necessary  in  an  English 
rendering. 

The  letters  which  the  King  addressed 
to  his  daughter  Princess  Nibhanabhadol 
during  his  recent  voyage  to  Europe,  giving 
an  account  of  his  travels,  and  impressions 
of  countries  and  peoples,  are  being  edited 
and  printed  by  Prince  Damrong,  and  pre- 
parations are  being  made  for  an  English 
version.  They  are  43  in  number,  and 
will  be  published  seriatim,  the  first  three 
having  just  appeared.  It  is  claimed  for  them 
that,  "in  the  acknowledged  scarcity  of 
Siamese  literary  style,"  they  may  serve 
as  a  guide  and  model  for  literary  composition. 

O.  F. 


SALE. 

Messrs.  Hodgson  included  in  their  sale  last 
week  the  library  of  the  late  Capt.  J.  St.  John 
Frederick  and  other  properties,  the  following 
being  the  chief  prices  realized  :  Imitations  of 
Drawings  by  Holbein,  published  by  Chamberlaine, 
original  edition,  31/.  Pyne's  Royal  Residences, 
large  paper,  3  vols.,  18/.  15s.  Ackermann's  Micro- 
cosm of  London,  3  vols.,  147.  Smith's  Catalogue 
Raisonne,  9  vols.,  20/.  British  Museum  Cata- 
logues, 49  vols.,  397.  Meyer's  Illustrations  of 
British  Birds,  4  vols.,  17/.  5s.  Gould's  Humming- 
Birds,  5  vols.,  25/.  Donovan's  Insects  of  New 
Holland,  167.  Cramer,  Les  Papillons  exotiquos, 
5  vols,  13/.  5s.  Annals  and  Magazine  of  Natural 
History,  102  vols.,  1829-82,  407.  10s.  Curtis'a 
Botanical  Magazine,  1787-1846,  72  vols.,  30/. 
Edwards's  Botanical  Register,  33  vols.,  2S/.  A 
collection  of  original  coloured  Chinese  drawings  in 
2  vols.,  royal  folio,  25/.  10s.  A  collection  of 
printed  excerpts  referring  to  the  military  affairs 
of  Great  Britain,  29  vols.,  17/.  The  total  amount 
was  1,534/. 


LIST  OF  NEW  BOOKS. 

ENGLISH. 

Theology. 
Belbitz  (•!.  HA  Gloria  Cruris,  '2/6  net.    Addresses  delivered 

tn  Lichfield  Cathedral,  Holy  Week  and  Good  Friday, 

1907. 
Dictionary  of  Christ  and  the  Gospels,  Vol.  II.,  21/  net 

Edited  by  James  Hastings,    with  the  assistance  of 

John  A.  Selbie, 
Henson   (Canon    II.    Hensley),   The   National    Church,    6/. 

Essays  on  its  history  and  constitution,  and  criticising  of 

its  present  administration,  with  Introduction  by  the 

Rev.  J.  Llewelyn  Davies. 
Marshall  (Rev.  W.),  The  Nature  of  Christ  ;  or,  tho  Christ  - 

ology  of  the  Scriptures  and  of  Christ,  3/0  net.     Third 

Edition. 
Milligan  ((!.),  st,  Paul's  Epistles  to  the  Thessalonlans,  12/. 

Hie  (ireek  text,  with  Introduction  ami  notes. 

Westminster  New  Testament  :  Vol.  i.  The  Gospel  accord- 
ing to  St.  John,  Authorized  Version,  2/  net,  Willi 
Introduction  and  notes  by  the  Itcv.  II.  W.  Clark. 


1M 


T  II  K    A  Til  EN  i:  D  M 


No.  U88,  Feb.  1,  1008 


ui  fw.   m  ,1  .ii  .in,  'I'lu-  Pntenta  and  \  l 

it  n.'i.    with  ii"t.-^  in. I  .hi  Appendix  on  Dheml<  .1 
r.ii.'Mi  t, 
Phipeon(8.  I.).  Manual  of  the  La*  "f  Evidence, 
Webster-Brown  (J.),   The  Flnanc.     \   •       IS  »♦, 

m.I  Revenue    let,  1008,  3/  net     D 
with  Ui<- iM.it"  Doty  mil I  other  Death  Dnttee,  irltli 

,  rule,  nil. I  table  ..f  form-.. 

Art  and  Archtflujii. 

Ai.  h  .'"l.'L-.i.-  il  Snri.'V,  Baetern  Circle,  In-lit,  Annual 
Report  for  190 

Dofaeoa  (.v.).  WUllam  Hogarth,  6/ nab    New  Edition,  with 
n  luuatrationa    For  Conner  notloeaee^.(Aen.t  Feb.  14, 
-  i.  p.  BL 

Early  woodcut  initials,  Hi  net.  Oontalru  over  1,800  re- 
productions of  ornamental  Letters  of  the  fifteenth  and 
sixteenth  centuries,  selected  ami  annotated  by  <>. 
Jennings. 

Poetry  and  Drama. 

Al'.'rerombie  (L.).  Interludes  and  Poems,  f>/  net. 

n.irk  Ana  (The),  and  other  Poems,  bj  "L.,"  2/6  net. 

Ilisen  (11.),  Collected  Works:  Vol.  I.  Lady  Inger  of  Ostr.it  ; 
The  Feast  at  Solhoug  ;  Love's  Comedy,  4/.  With  Intro- 
ductionaby  w.  Archer  and  0.  H.  HenorcL 

Shakespeare,  The  Comedy  of  Errors,  2/6  net.  Edited  by 
W.  Q.  B.  stone,  in  the  Old  Spelling  Edition. 

Synge  (.1.  M),  The  Tinker's  Wedding,  2/  net.  A  comedy  in 
four  acta     New  Edition. 

Tower  Press  Booklets:  The  Egyptian  Pillar,   by  E.  Gore- 
Booth  ;  Deirdre,  a  Play  in  Three  Acts,  by  A.  E.,  1/  each. 
Mxisic 

Folk-Songs  from  Somerset,  Fourth  Series,  6/  net.    Edited 
with  pianoforte  accompaniment  by  Cecil  J.  Sharp.    For 
former  notice  see  Athen.,  June  9th,  1906,  p.  711. 
Bibliography. 

Bookseller,  Jubilee  Number,  January,  1858-1908. 

Books  printed  in  Iceland,  1678-1844.  A  fourth  supplement 
to  the  British  Museum  Catalogue,  with  a  general  index 
to  the  four  supplements. 

Literature  of  Libraries  in  the  Seventeenth  and  Eighteenth 
Centuries  :  V.  A  Brief  Outline  in  the  History  of  Libraries, 
by  Justus  Lipsius  ;  translated  by  J.  C.  Dana.  VI.  News 
from  France  ;  The  Surrender  of  the  Library,  two  tracts 
by  Gabriel  Naud£. 

Philosophy. 

Aristotle,  Works  :  Part  I.  The  Parva  Naturalia,  3/6  net. 
Edited  and  translated  by  J.  A.  Smith  and  W.  D.  Ross. 

Monist,  January,  60  cents. 

Political  Economy. 
Cunningham  (Archdeacon  W.),  The  Industrial  Revolution, 
5/  net.  Reprinted  from  'The  Growth  of  English 
Industry  and  Commerce  in  Modem  Times,'  and  deals 
with  the  parts  entitled  '  Parliament?  ry  Colbertism' 
and  '  Laissez  Faire.' 

History  and  Biography. 
Debrett's  House  of  Commons  and  the  Judicial  Bench,  1908, 

7/6  net    Illustrated  with  500  armorial  engravings. 
Dod's  Parliamentary  Companion  for  1908,  3/6  net. 
Fisher  (H.  A.  L.),   Bonapartism,    3/6  net.      Six   lectures 

delivered  in  the  University  of  London. 
Hope  (J.  F.),  A  History  of  the  1900  Parliament,  Vol  I. 

1900-1901,  7/6  net. 
Second  Afghan  War,  1878-80,  21/  net.     Abridged    official 
account  produced  in   the  Intelligence  Branch,  Army 
Headquarters,  India. 
Vaidya  (C.  V.),  Epic  India ;  or,  India  as  described  in  the 
Mahahharata  and  the  Ramayana. 

Geography  and  Travel. 
Corner  (C),  Ceylon,  the  Paradise  of  Adam,  10/6  net.    A 

record  of  seven  years'  residence  in  the  island. 
Egypt  and   How  to  See   It,    2/6.    Illustrated   by  A.   O. 

Lamplough. 
Hickmann  (Prof.  A.  L.)  Geographical-Statistic  Universal 
Pocket  Atlas,  5/  net. 

Sports  and  Pastimes. 
Laws  of  Auction  Bridge  as  played  at  the  Bath  Club,  and  the 
Laws  of  Bridge  (revised  1904),  reprinted  from  the  Club 
Code,  6d. 
Roberts  (J.  and  C),  Roberts'  Billiard  Life,   1/  net.     Edited 
by  "  Vivid,"  and  illustrated  with  portraits,  &c 
Education. 
I'niversity  College  of  North  Wales,  Calendar  for  Session 
1907-8 

Philology. 
Denison  (T.  S.),  Nauatl  or  Mexican  in  Aryan  Phonology  (not 

including  Formative  Syllables). 
Flosculi    Gneci    Boreales,    sive   Anthologia  Gneca   Aber- 
donensis,   Series  Nova,   decerpsit  Joannes    Harrower. 
Greek  verse  from  Aberdeen,  edited  by  the  Professor  of 
that  language  in  the  University. 
Grainger  (J.  M.),  Studies  in  the  Syntax  of  the  King  James 
Version.     No.  II.   of   the  Studies  in  Philology  of  the 
Philogical  Club  of  the  University  of  North  Carolina. 
School-Books. 
Hayens  (H.),  The  Story  of  Europe,  1/6.    In  Collins'  School 

Series,  with  maps  and  coloured  pictures. 
Johnson,  Life  of  Milton,  1/6.    Edited  by  S.  E.  Goggin  in  the 

University  Tutorial  Series. 
Longmans'  School  Shakespeare,  2/6.     Consisting  of  twelve 
of  the  most  suitable  plays  for  school  reading,  edited, 
with  glossary,  by  A.  V.  Houghton. 
Scott  (Sir  W.),  A  Legend  of  Montrose,  2/.      Edited,   with 

Introduction,  notes,  and  glossary,  by  (J.  S.  Gordon. 
Sismondi  (J.  C.  L.  S.  de),  Marignan,  Conquete  et  Perte  du 
Milanais,  2/.    Edited  by  Arthur  Wilson-Green  in  the 
Oxford  Modern  French  Series. 
Science. 
Bocher  (M.),  Introduction  to  Higher  Algebra,  8/  net. 
Chemical  Manufacturers'  Directory,  1908,  2/6  net. 
Druce   (G.  C),    List   of   British    Plants    (containing   the 
Spermophytes,    Pteridophytes,     and   Charads)   found 
either  as  Natives  or  growing  in  a  Wild  State  in  Britain, 
Ireland,  and  the  Channel  Isles,  2/6  net. 
Dunraven  (Earl  of),  Self-Instruction  in  the  Practice  and 
Theory  of  Navigation,  3  vols.,  17/  net.     New  Edition. 


I...  formal  not >  ■     m    Atfc «..  .inn.'  M,  i  • 

i        i  u  from  tin-  Nautical  A  in  ,  and  from 

tin'  Admiralty  Tide  Tabli 
Gntch    (F.),   Two  Ovfonl    r  Itirhard    Lower, 

1631-91  :    John    Mayow,    1043-73  i       ure   in 

connexion    arith   the    Oxford     utiiverait)     Ext. 

Sunimei  Meeting,  i  ■ 
Harris  (D.  i ■ .  >,   i  h.    Functional  inertia  <>f  LlTtaf  M 

6/ net,    A  contribution  to  the  physiological  th< 

life. 
History  of  Shorthorn   Cattle,    81/   net.     Edited    by   ■' 

Sinclair.     Uluatrated. 
K.  in.'(  \.  H.),  The  World'i  Peoples,  8/  net.    An  account ..( 

their  bodily  and  mental  character!,  beliefa,  tradition*, 

and  political  and  social  institutions,  with  870  illuatra- 

t  inns  from  photographs. 
Martin  (W.  i>.),  Hints  to  Enginea    for  the  Board  of  i 

Examination,  8/8  net.    Uluatrated. 
Pemberton  (Bar.  .1.  EL),  Boaee,  i  heir  History,  Development, 

and  Cultivation,  10/6  net.      With  ...Inured    frontispiece, 

n  lithographic  piatea,  and  other  illustrations. 

Tin  Book, 

Renshaw  (Graham),  Final  Natural  History  Kenya,  6/  net. 

Illustrat.il. 

Bcoble  (H.  T.),  Land  Treatment  of  Sewage,  5/ net.  A  digest 
of  the  reports  made  to  the  Royal  Commission  on  Sewage 
Disposal  by  specially  appointed  officers. 

Stevens  (H.  P.),  The  Paper-Mill  Chemist,  7/6  net. 

Swiney  (F.),  The  Bar  of  Isis  :  or,  the  Law  of  the  Mother, 
6d.  net 

Turner  (G.  C),  Graphics  applied  to  Arithmetic,  Mensura- 
tion, and  Statics,  6/ 

Vital  Statistics,  1906  :  Forty-Seventh  Annual  Report  of  the 
Government  Statistician,  Queensland. 

Young  (S.),  Stoichiometry,  together  with  an  Introduction 
to  the  Study  of  Physical  Chemistry,  by  Sir  William 
Ramsay,  7/6 

Fiction. 

Becke  (L.),  The  Call  of  the  South,  6/.  A  series  of  29  short 
sketches. 

Black  (C),  Caroline,  6/ 

Burgess  (Gelett),  the  White  Cat,  6/ 

Canon  Sheehan's  Short  Stories,  1/  net.  Five  short  stories 
are  included  in  the  book,  with  eight  illustrations  by  M. 
Healy. 

Dawson  (W.),  The  Scourge,  6/ 

Dickens  (C),  Our  Mutual  Friend,  2/  net.  In  Nelson's  New 
Century  Library. 

Drake  (M.),  Lethbridge  of  the  Moor,  6/.  The  story  of  a 
released  convict. 

Dudley  (R.),  The  Emerald  Cross,  6/ 

Ellesmere  (Earl  of),  The  Standertons,  6/.    A  society  sketch. 

For  my  Name's  Sake,  3/6.  Translated  by  L.  M.  Leggatt 
from  Champol's  'Sceur  Alexandrine,'  and  illustrated  by 
L.  D.  Symington. 

Gleig  (C),  Julian  Winterson,  6/ 

Gull  (C.  Ranger),  The  Patron  Saint,  and  other  Stories,  6/. 
Fourteen  short  sketches. 

Hunt  (Enid  Leigh),  The  Advent  of  Arthur,  6/ 

McEnery  (J.),  The  Vision  of  the  Foam,   6/ 

Meadows  (Alice  M.),  Three  Lovers  and  One  Lass,  6/ 

Noble  (E.),  The  Grain  Carriers,  6/ 

Pasture  (Mrs.  Henry  de  la),  The  Man  from  America,  7d. 
net.  In  Nelson's  Library.  For  former  notice  see  Athen. , 
Dec.  2, 1905,  p.  758. 

Playne  (C.  E.),  The  Terror  of  the  Macdurghotts,  6/ 

Readings  from  Dickens,  6ci.  Selections  from  '  A  Christmas 
Carol,'  '  The  Story  of  Little  Dombey,'  and  '  Dr.  Mari- 
gold,' with  frontispiece  and  4  coloured  plates. 

Ryark  (F.),  A  Strange  Land,  6/ 

Stephens  (R.  N.)  and  Westley  (G.  H.),  Clementina's  High- 
wayman, 6/.     Illustrated  by  A.  Everhart. 

Summers  (D.),  The  Plains  of  Alu,  6/ 

Swift  (B.),  The  Death  Man,  6/ 

Whitelaw  (David),  The  Gang,  3/6 

Wood  (H.  F.  Wiber),  Under  Masks,  6/.    Ten  short  stories. 

Wyndham  (H.),  Irene  of  the  Ringlets,  6/.  A  story  of 
theatrical  life. 

Yardley  (M.  H.),  Nor  all  your  Tears,  6/ 

General  Literature. 
Adam  (H.  L.),  The  Story  of  Crime,  from  the  Cradle  to  the 

Grave,  12/6  net.    Illustrated. 
Are  we  a  Stupid  People?    By  One  of  Them,  5/  net. 
Baden-Powell  (Lieut. -General),  Scouting  for  Boys,  Part  II., 

■ill.  net. 
County  Councils,  Municipal  Corporations,  Urban  District, 

Rural  District,  and  Parish  Councils  Companion,  &c. 

1908,  10/6 
Handbook  of  the  Maxim  Gun:  its  Mechanism  and  Drill, 

6d.  net.    New  Edition. 
Hungarian  Question,  from  a  Historical,  Economical,  and 

Ethnographical  Point  of  View,  2/6  net.     Translated  by 

Ilona  and  C.  A.  Ginever. 
King  (J.),  Electoral  Reform,  2/6  net.     An  inquiry  into  our 

system  of  Parliamentary  representation. 
Legge  (Capt.  R.  F.),   Guide  to  Promotion  for  Officers    in 

Subject  "  A  "  (Regimental  Duties),  4/  net     In  Gale  & 

Polden's  Military  Series. 
Lloyd  (H.  D.),  The  Swiss  Democracy,  6/  net.    The  study  of 

a  sovereign  people,  edited  by  J.  A.  Hobson. 
McCormick  (A.),  The  Tinkler  Gypsies,  5/.     Third  Edition. 

For  former  notice,  see  Athen.,  June  15, 1907,  p.  7JS. 
Manchester  Quarterly,  January,  6tf.  net. 
Mount  Tom,  Autumn  Number,  12  numbers,  1  dol. 
O'Donnell  (C.  J.),  The  Causes  of  Present  Discontents  in 

India,  2/6  net. 
Pendred  (M.),  My  Baby,  A  little  record  for  mothers. 
Schwann  CD.),  The  Spirit  of  Parliament,  3/6  net. 
Thorn's  Official  Directory  of  the  United  Kingdom  of  Great 

Britain  and  Ireland,  1908,  21/ 
Weale  (B.   L.   Putnam),  The  Coming  Struggle  in   Eastern 

Asia,  12/6  net.    With  illustrations  and  a  map. 
Williams  (M.  E.)  and  Fisher  (K.  R.),  Elements  of  the  Theory 

and  Practice  of  Cookery,  4/6  net. 

Pamphlets. 

BuahneU  (F.  O.),  The  Evolution  of  our  Sanitary  Institutions, 
id.     A  plea  for  a  Minister  of  Public  Health. 

Hayford  (J.  FA  The  Earth  a  Failing  Structure  Presi- 
dential Address  to  the  Philosophical  Society  of 
Washington,  Dec.  7,  1907. 


Richmond  (Mrs.  I  'A.    A  plea  |.,i 

the  .  ■  "f  our  l«.\  >  uid  . 

II  (Sir  Edward),   Inipr.-hMoim  o|    ; 
I  before  the    Italian  Literarv   s.«!«-t\,   Liverpool, 
I).-..  18, 

tphieal  Index  to  Measured  Drawings  of  Architecture 

in     the     Victoria     and    Albert     Muaewa     which     have 

appeared  in  the  Principal  British  Architectnral  Pub- 
lications. 1  \d. 
\  Irian  (H.).  Th.-  Pioneer  Co-partnership  village,  'id.    Deals 

willi  the  Ealing  'hue 

FOREIGN. 

Pine  Art  and  Archaeology. 
(;allc(r';.),  Ecrits  pourl'Art,  Mr. 
Hirth'a  rormenachatc,  Parts  11  and  12,  lm.  each. 
M   i.  el  til  i  Hit. .in-  du  Payaage  en  France,  I2fr. 
Merlin  (A),  La  Temple  d'Apollon  I  Bulla  Kegia.  Illustrated 

by  7  pi  a) 
Petersen  (E.),  Die  Burgtempel  der  Athenaia,  4ra. 

Poetry. 
Pellissier  (G.),  Anthologie  des  Poetea  francais  du  XIX 
Siecle,  1800-66,  3fr.  50. 

Mutic. 
Laloy  (L.),  Rameau,  3fr.  50. 

Political  Economy. 
Bouniatian  (M.),  Wirtschaftskrisen  und  Ueberkapitalisa- 
tion,  4m. — Geschichte  der  Handelskrisen  in  England  in 
Zusammenhangnnit  der  Entwicklung des  engliwhen  Wirt- 
schaftslebens,  1640-1840,  7m.  The  first  two  volumes  of 
Studies  zur  Theorie  und  Geschichte  der  Wirtschafts- 
krisen. 

History  and  Biography. 
Jaure's  (J.),  Histoire  Socialiste  :  Vol.  XL,  1870-71,  7fr. 
Tuetey  (L.),  Les  Officiers  sous  l'ancien  Regime  :  Nobles  et 
Ro tuners,  7fr.  60. 

Geography  and  Travel. 
Eberhardt  (I.),  Notes  de  Route :  Maroc,  Algerie,  Tu: 
3fr.  50. 

Philology. 
Goeje  (M.   J.  de),  Selections  from   Arabic   Geographical 
Literature.    No.  VIIL  of  the  Semitic  Study  Series,  3/ 

Science. 
Blattner  (E.),  Lehrbuch  der  Elektrotechnik,  Part  I.,  7m. 
Flammarion  (C),  Initiation  astronomique,  2fr. 
(ierdien  (H),  Untersuchungen  iiber  (lie   atmospharischen 

radio-aktiven  Induktionen,  7m.     One  of  the  Abhand- 

lungen  derKbniglichen  Gesellschaf t  der  Wissenschaften 

zu  Gbttingen. 
Henry  (C),  La.Loi  des  petits  Nombres  :  Recherches  sur  le 

Sens  de  l'Ecart  probable  dans  les  Chances  simples,  i  la 

Roulette,  au  Trente-et-quarante,  &c,  4fr. 
Kramer  (J.),  Untersuchungen  und  Tafeln  zur  Theorie  der 

kleinen  Planeten  vom  Hekubatypus,  14m.    Another  of 

the  Gbttingen  publications. 
Oort  (E.  D.  van),  Catalogue  osteologique  des  Oiseaux.  Part 

of  the  Catalogue  of  the  Museum  d'Histoire  naturelle 

des  Pays-Bas. 

General. 
Jornal  do  Commercio,  1827-1907,  Rio  de  Janeiro. 

Pamphlet. 
Office    d'Inauguration    du    Temple    de    l'Union    liberate 

isra^lite. 
*»*  All  Books    received    at    the    Office    up    to    Wednesday 

Morning  will  be  included  in  this  List  unless  previously 

noted.      Publishers  are  reqtiested  to  state   prices   when 

sending  Books. 


literarp  Glnssip. 

Messrs.  Longman  will  publish  at  an 
early  date  the  third  volume  of  '  A  Histoiy 
of  Modern  Liberty,'  by  Dr.  James  Mac- 
kinnon.  This  volume  deals  with  the 
struggle  for  political  liberty  (with  the 
Stuarts)  in  England  and  Scotland  in  the 
seventeenth  century. 

The  forthcoming  number  of  The 
Classical  Review,  the  first  of  1908,  will 
contain  a  full  report  on  past  excavations 
at  Herculaneum,  with  detailed  biblio- 
graphy ;  and  an  article  by  Miss  J.  E. 
Harrison,  '  Helios-Hades,'  significant  as 
indicating  a  reaction  against  the  dis- 
repute into  wliich  the  solar  theory  has 
fallen,  owing  to  the  extravagances  of  its 
adherents. 

Mr.  Charles  Whibley  has  been 
entrusted  by  the  Duke  of  Rutland  with 
the  task  of  writing  a  life  of  his  father  the 
seventh  Duke,  better  known  in  polities 
as  Lord  John  Manners.  The  book  will 
be  published  by  Messrs.  Blackwood.  Mi\ 
Whibley  would  be  much  obliged  if  any 
persons  possessing  letters  or  other  docu- 
ments which  might  throw  light  upon  the 


No.  4188,  Feb.  1,  1908 


THE     ATHENiEUM 


131 


biography  would  send  them  to  him,  care 
of  the  publishers,  45,  George  Street, 
Edinburgh.  Whatever  is  lent  will  be 
carefully  preserved,  and  returned  with 
as  little  delay  as  possible. 

Parkman's  interesting  book  on  '  The 
Conspiracy  of  Pontiac,'  with  an  Intro- 
duction by  Mr.  Thomas  Seccombe,  is  to 
iorm  two  volumes  in  the  new  issue  of  fifty 
books  in  "  Everyman's  •- Library  "  pro- 
mised this  month.  Other  books  will  be 
Lane's  standard  '  Account  of  the  Manners 
and  Customs  of  the  Modern  Egyptians,' 
with  the  original  maps  and  pictures,  and 
Mrs.  Margaret  Armour's  prose  version 
of  the  '  Nibelungen  Lied,'  which  won  the 
praise  of  Francis  Thompson. 

A  revised,  enlarged,  and  illustrated 
edition  of  Dr.  Campbell  Oman's  '  Indian 
Life,  Religious  and  Social,'  will  be  pub- 
lished this  spring  by  Mr.  Fisher  Unwin. 
The  additional  matter  will  include  a  full 
account  of  the  rise  and  development  of 
the  Arya  Samaj,  new  details  regarding  the 
Sikh  religion  of  to-day,  and  fresh  chapters 
on  village  fairs,  mendicancy,  and  certain 
curious  popular  beliefs  and  superstitions. 

Two  new  novels  are  announced  by 
Mr.  Elliot  Stock  for  early  pubhcation  : 
'  Rupert  Brett :  the  Story  of  a  Modern 
Experiment,'  by  Harry  Forrester  ;  and 
'  The  Leaven  of  Malice,  and  How  It 
Worked,'  by  "  Elizabeth." 

Next  Friday  the  National  Dickens 
Library,  derived  from  the  collections  of 
F.  G.  Kitton,  will  be  presented  to  the 
Lord  Mayor  at  the  Guildhall  by  Lord 
James  of  Hereford,  on  behalf  of  the 
Dickens  Fellowship  and  the  subscribers. 
The  day  chosen  for  the  presentation  is 
the  anniversary  of  the  birth  of  Dickens. 

Miss  E.  M.  Symonds  (George  Paston) 
writes  from  7,  Thurloe  Square,  S.W.  : — 

"  I  am  preparing  a  new  life  of  Alexander 
Pope  for  Messrs.  Hutchinson  &  Co.  As 
there  is  reason  to  believe  that  unpub- 
lished letters  relating  to  Pope  are  still 
in  existence,  I  shall  be  very  glad  to  hear 
from  any  of  your  readers  who  may  be  able 
to  give  me  information  about  such  letters, 
whether  written  by  the  poet  or  addressed 
to  him." 

What  should  be  the  policy  of  schools 
and  universities  on  the  vexed  question 
of  accents  in  ancient  Greek  ?  This  subject 
will  be  discussed  by  Mr.  S.  E.  Winbolt 
in  the  forthcoming  number  of  The  Oxford 
and  Cambridge  Review. 

The  death  is  announced  at  San  Remo, 
at  the  age  of  seventy-four,  of  Dr.  John 
Dove  Wilson,  Emeritus  Professor  of  Law 
in  Aberdeen  University.  He  was  the 
author  of  some  useful  legal  books,  includ- 
ing '  Practice  of  the  Sheriff  Courts  '  and 
'  Law  of  Process  under  the  Sheriff  Courts 
Act  of  1876  '  ;  and  he  edited  Thomson's 
'  Bills  of  Exchange.'  He  delivered  the 
Storr  Lectures  in  the  Law  Faculty  of  the 
University  of  Yale  in  1895,  and  was 
frequently  consultod  by  Lord  Advocates 


in  connexion  with  the  preparation  of  law 
Bills  and  legal  reforms. 

The  Committee  for  the  Survey  of 
the  Memorials  of  Greater  London 
send  us  an  appeal  for  further  subscribers 
to  their  excellent  work.  They  have 
already  issued,  at  a  moderate  price, 
mainly  by  means  of  the  voluntary  work 
of  members,  seven  monographs  on  London 
buildings,  and  a  complete  survey  of  the 
parish  of  Bromley- by- Bow,  another  of 
Chelsea  being  in  preparation.  During 
this  month  a  monograph  on  Crosby  Hall, 
with  illustrations  which  constitute  a 
complete  architectural  record,  will  be 
published.  Those  wishing  to  subscribe 
to  this  particular  monograph,  or  to  become 
regular  supporters  of  the  Committee,  are 
requested  to  communicate  with  the  Secre- 
tary, Mr.  Percy  LoveU,  Parliament 
Chambers,  Great  Smith  Street,  S.W. 

The  importance  of  such  publications 
has  been  emphasized  by  the  recent 
spirited,  but  unsuccessful  attempt  to 
save  Crosby  Hall  from  demolition.  If 
we  cannot  keep  our  old  buildings,  let  us 
at  least  give  posterity  a  chance  of  knowing 
what  they  were  like. 

At  the  public  inaugural  meeting  of  the 
Old  Edinburgh  Club  in  Edinburgh  on 
Wednesday,  Lord  Rosebery  was  elected 
Hon.  President,  and  Prof.  Chiene,  C.B., 
President.  A  second  edition  has  just 
been  issued  from  the  Darien  Press  of 
Prof.  Chiene's  booklet  '  Looking  Back, 
1907-1860,'  containing  recollections  of 
friends  and  associates  at  Edinburgh 
University  and  elsewhere. 

Lord  Glenesk  is  to  preside  at  the 
sixty-ninth  annual  general  meeting  of 
the  Newsvendors'  Institution,  to  be  held 
at  the  Memorial  Hall,  Farringdon  Street, 
on  the  19th  inst.  Six  candidates  will  be 
recommended  for  election  to  pensions 
without  election  by  ballot.  These, 
together  with  one  man  recently  appointed 
under  Rule  8b,  will  absorb  further 
permanent  payments  of  175/.  per  annum. 

M.  Paul  Sabatier  is  to  deliver  three 
lectures  at  the  Passmore  Edwards  Settle- 
ment, Tavistock  Place,  W.C.,  on  the 
Liberal  or  '  Modernist  '  movement  in  the 
Roman  Catholic  Church.  The  lectures 
(which  will  be  in  French)  will  be  given  en 
February  25th  and  March  3rd  and  10th. 

At  the  annual  general  meeting  of  the 
Second-hand  Booksellers'  Association,  held 
on  January  24th,  Mr.  B.  D.  Maggs  was 
elected  President  for  the  ensuing  year, 
and  Mr.  Frank  Karslake  was  again 
elected  Hon.  Secretary.  The  Association, 
inaugurated  just  a  year  ago  to  promote 
the  general  interests  of  the  second-hand 
trade,  has  already  a  membership  of  nearly 
200. 

The  spring  announcements  of  Messrs. 
Sisley  include  '  Feathered  Game  of  New 
England,'  by  Mr.  Walter  H.  Rich  ;  '  The 
Japanese  Nation  in  Evolution,'  by  Dr. 
W.  E.  Griffis,  one  of  the  first  American 


educators  called  to  Japan  ;  and  a  new 
series  of  "  Pioneers  in  Education,"  by 
M.  Gabriel  Compayre,  the  first  volumes 
of  which  will  be  devoted? to| Rousseau, 
Herbert  Spencer,  and  Pestalozzi. 

In  Dublin  the  exhaustion  of  the  fund 
available  for  the  maintenance  of  the  free 
libraries  has  necessitated  the  closing  of  all 
these  institutions,  causing  widespread 
dissatisfaction.  Meanwhile  the  Municipal 
Council  is  applying  to  Parliament  for 
power  to  levy  a  larger  "  rate  in  aid." 

The  death  is  announced  of  M.  Auguste 
Lepage,  the  French  historian,  at  the  age 
of  seventy- two.  M.  Lepage  was  a  member 
of  the  Societe  des  Gens  de  Lettres,  and 
in  the  time  of  the  Second  Empire  was  a 
vigorous  journalist.  He  published  a 
number  of  books,  such  as  '  Histoire  de  la 
Commune '  and  '  Recits  sur  l'Histoire 
d' Alsace  et  de  Lorraine,'  whilst  his  latest 
volume,  '  Les  Sieges  heroiques,'  appeared 
almost  on  the  eve  of  his  death. 

Dr.  Julius  von  Eckardt,  whose  death 
took  place  recently  at  Weimar,  was  born 
in  Livonia  in  1836,  and  studied  law  and 
history  at  St.  Petersburg,  Dorpat,  and 
Berlin.  In  1867,  when  the  leaders  of  the 
German  Livonian  party,  of  which  he 
was  a  warm  supporter,  were  deposed  from 
power,  he  migrated  to  Germany,  assisted 
Freytag  in  editing  the  Grenzboten,  acted 
from  1870  to  1874  as  editor  of  the  Ham- 
burger Correspondent,  and  in  1874  was 
appointed  Secretary  to  the  Hamburg 
Senate.  He  entered  the  Prussian  State 
service  in  1882,  and  was  greatly  valued 
by  Bismarck.  During  recent  years  he 
acted  as  consul  at  Tunis,  Marseilles, 
Stockholm,  and  elsewhere.  He  wrote 
several  interesting  works  on  Russian 
affairs,  among  them  '  Die  baltischen 
Provinzen  Russlands,'  and  '  Jungrussisch 
und  Attlivlandisch ' ;  and  was  generally 
believed  to  have  been  the  author  of  a 
number  of  anonymous  writings,  including 
the  pamphlet  'Berlin — Wien  —  Rom,' 
which  made  a  considerable  stir  in  its  time. 

The  death  in  his  sixtieth  year  is  an- 
nounced from  Strasburg  of  Dr.  Heinrich 
Hubschmann,  Professor  of  Comparative 
Philology  at  the  University  of  that  town, 
and  author  of  '  Die  Umschreibung  der 
Iranischen  Sprachenund  der  Armenischen,' 
'  Das  indogermanische  Vokalsystem,' '  Per- 
sische  Studien,'  '  Armenische  Gram- 
matik,'  and  other  valuable  works. 

The  death  in  his  sixty-third  year  is  also 
announced  of  the  distinguished  journalist 
Hans  Kastner,  for  some  years  editor  of  the 
Koblenzer  Zeitung,  and  sinco  1890  corre- 
spondent of  the  Frankfurter  Zeitung  at 
Munich. 

We  note  the  publication  of  the  following 
Parliamentary  Papers  likely  to  be  of 
interest  to  our  readers :  Education, 
England  and  Wales,  Return  of  the  Number 
of  Small  Schools  (2d.)  ;  and  Higher 
Education,  England  and  Wales,  Applica- 
tion of  Funds  by  Local  Authorities, 
1905-6  (Is.  6d.).  We  name  others  under 
Science  Gossip. 


132 


TTTK     ATIIKX  /K  V  M 


No.  4188,  Feb.  1,  l 


SCIENCE 


ASTRONOMICAL    LITERATURE. 

Is    Mars    Habitable  ?     By    Alfred    Russol 
Wallace,    I'.K.s.     (Macmillan   &  Co.)—  Tho 
Veteran     naturalist     J)r.     Wallace     appoars 
Ore  the  public  again  with  a  controversial 
work,  called  forth  by  Mr.  Peroiva]  Lowoll's 
publications  on  the  planet  Mars,  in  which 
that    persevering    observer    expresses   more 
and   inoro  decidedly  tho  view   that  the  so- 
called   canals   on    tho   planet's   surface,    the 
number  of  which  has  been  greatly  increased 
sinco  Prof.  Schiaparelli  first  called  attention 
to    them,    are    really    artificial    formations, 
constructed  to  irrigate  large  tracts  of  land 
in  an  ever-decreasing  supply  of  water.     We 
noticed    Mr.     Lowell's    last    work    in     our 
number  for  April  20th,    1907,  and  pointed 
out  that  thero  may  be  other  and  more  pro- 
bable ways  of  accounting  for  these  forma- 
tions,    though     we    cannot    withhold     our 
admiration  from  the  industry  of  the  Mar- 
tians, if  this  view  be  the  true  one.     In  a 
paper  recently  communicated  to  the  Journal 
of  the  British  Astronomical  Association,  Mr. 
Lynn    suggested    that    they    might    be    the 
effect  of  long  cracks  in  the  ice  with  winch 
the  surface  of  the  planet  is  probably  covered. 
It  must  never  be  forgotten  in  discussing 
the    condition    of     this    surface,    that    the 
atmospheric   density,    and   therefore  power 
of  retaining  heat,  is  very  much  less  than 
on  the  earth,  probably  not  exceeding  that 
on  the  tops  of  the  highest  mountains.     Dr. 
Wallace   refers    to    this    point ;     but    he   is 
also  able,  from  his  great  geographical  know- 
ledge, to  show  that  even  on  the  earth  there 
is   a   marked   tendency   in   many   places   to 
formations  running  in  straight  lines — that 
is,    of   course,    to   portions   of  great   circles 
on  a   sphere.     His  book   on    '  Man's   Place 
in  the  Universe  '  appeared  in  1 903  (reviewed 
in  our  columns  on  November  28th  of  that 
year),    when    the    author,    though    in    the 
eightieth  year  of  his  age,  was  in  full  posses- 
sion of  those  powers  in  which  we  are  glad 
still    to    notice   no    diminution.     It    caused 
a   great   sensation   in   astronomical    circles, 
it   being   felt   that    the   author   was   not   a 
specialist    in     that    science,     and    perhaps 
carried  his  views  respecting  the  construction 
of    the  stellar   universe    further    than    was 
justifiable.     Here  we  would  rather  pass  over 
that  extension  of  his  speculations,  and  con- 
fine ourselves  to  those  relating  to  our  own 
solar  system. 

Now  if  we  consider  the  conditions  of  the 
bodios  of  that  system  severally,  there  really 
seems  very  little  probability  of  life,  at  any 
rate  intellectual  life,  residing  in  any.  That 
of  Mars  is  the  only  one  in  which  any  person 
now  strongly  contends  for  it.  Venus,  it 
is  true,  has  been  more  mildly  suggested  ; 
she  is  much  larger  than  Mars,  nearly  equal 
to  the  earth  in  size,  but  her  atmosphere 
would  seem  to  be  very  dense,  as  we  6oe 
virtually  nothing  of  the  surface ;  and  if 
Schiaparelli' s  view  be  true  that  she,  liko 
Mercury,  rotates  upon  her  axis  in  the  same 
time  as  that  in  which  she  revolves  round 
the  sun,  she  can  scarcely  be  a  suitable  abode 
for  life. 

But  tho  present  discussion  is  as  regards 
Mars.  Dr.  Wallace  suggests  a  totally 
different  view  with  regard  to  the  formations 
giving  tho  appearance  of  canals,  whilst 
agrooing  that  seasonal  changes  aro  probablo. 
He  rejects  the  nebular  hypothesis  or  theory 
of  Laplace,  and  indeed  that  theory  has 
recoivod  many  hard  knocks  of  late  yoars, 
particularly  owing  to  tho  difficulty  of  account- 
ing for  rings  of  matter  thrown  off  by  a 
rotating     nebulous     mass     coalescing     into 


tingle  Ixxlios  or  plunots.      Dr.  Wallace  gives 

his  adhesion   to   the  meteoritic   theory  of 

Sir  Norman  LoeUyer,  and  by  it-  aid  aCOOOnti 

for  much  in  the  condition  of  tin-  plai 
and  particularly  of  Mara. 

1 1  is  when  wo  ondoavour  to  go  beyond 
tho  bounds  of  our  own  ayetem  thai 
feel,  in  discussing  tho  question  of  habita- 
bility,  we  aro  transgressing  beyond  the 
ken  of  ovon  modern  science.  The  fixed 
stars  are  known  to  be  suns  or  Belf-luminouc 
bodies.  It  is  little  more  than  a  century 
sinco  wo  rocognizod  tho  fact  (first  proved 
by  W.  Horschol,  though  the  idoa  had  been 
indicated  even  before  his  tune)  that 
many  of  these  bodies  are  revolving 
round  each  other,  or  rather  round  their 
common  centre  of  gravity  ;  but  of  the 
nature  of  any  bodios  opaque  and  receiving 
only  reflected  light  from  these — i.e.,  in 
similar  positions  to  our  oarth  and  the 
planots — we  know  nothing,  though  tho  mere 
existence  of  some  large  opaque  bodies  is 
shown  by  the  effects  of  their  gravitating 
influence  on  others  which  are  luminous. 

We  can  only  say  in  conclusion  that  Dr. 
Wallace's  book  is  worthy  of  tho  most  careful 
study.  The  publishers  have  made  tho  task 
easy  by  the  clearness  and  accuracy  with 
which  the  volume  has  boon  produced. 

That  exceedingly  useful  guide  to  the 
astronomical  amateur,  The  Companion  to 
the  Observatory,  has  made  its  appearance 
for  1908.  Not  only  does  it  give  a  calendar, 
ephemerides  of  the  principal  planets,  and  lists 
of  eclipses,  occultations,  and  other  special 
phenomena,  but  it  also  supplies  much  other 
information  of  great  value  to  the  observer. 
Mr.  Denning  has  again  furnished  a  list  of 
radiant  points  of  meteoric  showers  ;  and 
Mr.  Maw  has  supplied  a  number  of  observa- 
tions of  double  stars.  With  regard  to  the 
variable  stars,  their  great  increase  has 
necessitated  a  change  of  plan.  A  complete 
list  of  the  Algol  variables  is  still  given, 
but  ephemerides  of  only  a  selected  few  of 
these  and  of  other  types  of  stars.  The 
positions  of  the  moon's  terminator  are 
stated  for  every  mean  midnight  in  the  year. 
The  (inferred)  magnetic  elements  for  1908 
at  Greenwich  are — declination,  15°  65' 
west;  horizontal  force,  0T  854  ;  dip,  66°  55'. 

The  Annuaire  of  the  Bureau  des  Longi- 
tudes has  also  appeared  for  1908,  and  con- 
tains, besides  its  usual  useful  astronomical 
tables,  a  list  of  chemical  and  physical  data. 
There  are  six  appendixes  on  astronomical 
subjects,  the  first  of  which  is  by  M.  Bigourdan 
on  '  Les  Distances  des  Astres.' 

Another  very  useful  French  work  is 
the  Annuaire  astronomique  et  meteorologique 
pour  1908  of  M.  Flammarion,  which,  besides 
its  full  calendar  information  and  graphical 
representation  of  the  paths  of  the  planets 
in  the  heavens,  contains  an  interesting 
article  on  the  progress  of  astronomy  in  1907. 

To  Symons's  Meteorological  Magazine 
for  last  month  Mr.  Ellis,  F.R.S.,  formerly 
of  the  Royal  Observatory,  Greenwich,  con- 
tributes a  useful  discussion  and  summary 
of  the  meteorological  observations  from 
1841,  the  year  in  which  tho  Greenwich 
record  was  begun,  to  1905.  The  lowest 
mean  daily  temperature  for  that  period 
was  37,-5,  on  January  12th  ;  the  highest, 
64°0,  on  July  15th.  The  mean  animal 
temperaturo  was  49  •  6  ;  the  warmest  year 
was  1868,  and  the  coldest  1879,  when' the 
mean  temperatures  wero  52°  and  46'  respec- 
tively. Tho  absolutely  highest  thermometer 
reading  was  97°,  on  July  15th,  1881  ;  and 
the  absolutely  lowest,  4°,  on  January  9th, 
1841,  tho  first  year  of  the  record.  Careful 
examination  and  grouping  of  the  series  show 
that  no   influence  on   the  weather  can   be 


traced  from  the  sunspots  and  their  periodic 
ehanges. 

We    have    received    I  ifth     number 

of  vol.  xxxvi.  of  the  Memorie  delVi 
degli  Sfpt ttroscopisti  Italiani,  nmrtaining  I'rof. 
1'n  eo  i  account  of  the  size  and  distribution  of 
the  solarprot uberances  seen  at  Catania  during 
tin-  first  half  of  1907;  observation-  of 
transit  of  Mercury  by  Prof.  Kicco  and  otin 
Qotei  by  Prof.  Bempornd  on  the  suspected 
variability  of  certain  stars,  and  by  I'rof. 
Abetti,  giving  a  description  of  an  apparatus 
with  two  r<  -fleetion-prLsms  for  observing 
an  object  complementarily  reversed  ;  and 
a  continuation  of  the  npeetroseopical  images 
of  the  solar  limb  observed  at  Rome  by  the 
late  Prof.  Tacchini  from  March  to  June, 
1881.  This  number  completes  the  thirty- 
sixth  volume  of  the  Memorie,  which  was 
begun  by  Tacchini  at  Palermo  in  1872. 


SOCIETIES. 


Royal  Numismatic. — Jan  19. — Sir  John  Evans, 
President,  in  the  chair. — The  President  exhibited 
a  series  of  bronze  denarii  of  Carausius,  all  struck 
on  large  flans,  with  reverse  types  of  Victory, 
Hilaritas,  Latitia,  Mars,  Sol,  &.c.  The  coins  were 
in  fine  condition  and  well  patinated.  —  Mr.  A.  II , 
Baldwin  showed  six  ancient  Gaulish  staters  with 
plain  obverse  and  with  a  horse  of  rude  design  on 
the  reverse,  together  with  four  gold  bullet-shaped 
pieces  which  had  been  cast  in  moulds,  and  were 
intended  to  be  used  as  flans  for  coins.  These 
pieces  as  well  as  the  coins  formed  a  portion  of  a 
hoard  which  was  stated  to  have  been  discovered 
near  Soissons. — Mr.  F.  A.  Walters  exhibited  a 
series  of  angels  of  Henry  VI.  struck  during  his 
restoration,  1470  -  71,  one  piece  being  of  the 
Bristol  mint. — The  President  communicated  some 
notes  on  a  recent  find  at  Timsbury,  near  Ramsey, 
Hants,  of  British  and  Roman  Imperial  bronze 
coins.  The  British  coins  were  of  the  so-called 
"Hod  Hill  "  type  (rude laureate-head  and  degraded 
form  of  a  horse  surrounded  by  pellets >.  The 
Imperial  bronze  coins  extended  from  Agrippa  to 
Domitian,  the  latest  being  struck  circ.  a.  d.  90. 
The  find  is  of  interest,  as  it  shows  that  British 
and  Roman  Imperial  coins  passed  in  currency 
together  till  nearly  the  end  of  the  first  century  a.d. 
— In  connexion  with  this  paper  Mr.  H.  Guillaume 
exhibited  four  similar  British  coins  recently 
found  on  the  site  of  the  Roman  city  Clausen- 
turn  (Bitterne),  near  Southampton,  together 
with  bronze  coins  of  the  Roman  emperors 
Claudius  I.  and  Nero. — Mr.  G.  F.  Hill  communi- 
cated a  paper  on  two  hoards  of  Roman  coins  found 
in  England.  The  first  consisted  of  bronze  coins 
of  the  Tetrarchy  (Diocletian,  Maximian  Hercu- 
leus,  Constantius  I.,  and  Galerius)  discovered  on 
the  Brooklands  motor  track,  Wey  bridge.  All  the 
coins  were  folles,  numbering  136,  and  had  been 
struck  in  London  and  at  Aquileia,  Tarraco,  Lyons, 
Treves,  and  Alexandria.  They  ranged  in  date 
from  circ.  a.d.  296  to  307,  and  were  mostly  of  the 
"  Genio  Populi  Romaui "  type.  The  mints  more 
full}'  represented  were  those  of  Treves  (75  pieces), 
London  (30),  and  L}Tons  (21).  The  second  hoard 
consisted  of  337  silver  coins,  siliqua,  found  some 
years  ago  at  Icklingham,  Suffolk.  They  were 
of  the  second  half  of  the  fourth  centiuy  a.d. 
and  of  the  beginning  of  the  fifth,  circ.  a.d. 
364-408,  i.e.,  from  Julian  II.  to  Arcadius.  The 
mints  represented  were  Treves,  Lyons,  Aries, 
Milan,  Rome,  Aquileia,  and  Siscia,  two-thirds  of 
tho  coins  being  of  the  first  mint.  This  hoard 
had  evidently  been  buried  about  the  time  of 
the  departure  of  the  Roman  legions  from  Britain, 
and  ma}'  have  formed  part  of  a  military  chest  or 
have  been  the  private  property  of  a  Roman  soldier 
of  high  rank.  In  the  '  Anglo-Saxon  Chronicle,' 
8. a.  418,  it  is  mentioned  that  in  that  year  the 
Romans  collected  all  the  treasure  that  they  had  in 
Britain,  and  some  the}'  buried,  so  that  no  man 
might  find  it  again,  but  some  they  carried  away 
with  them  to  Gaul. — Mr.  Percy  Webb  read  notes 
on  some  Roman  bronze  tessern  or  tickets,  which  he 
exhibited.  These  he  divided  into  three  classes  : 
Imperial  (i.e.,  with  the  names  of  the  emperors  or 
empresses),  mythological,  and  gaming  (or  pertain- 
ing to  games).  Some  of  them  may  have  beeu  used 
as  tickets  of  admission  to  public  resorts,  including 


No.  4188,  Feb.  1,  1908 


THE     ATHENAEUM 


133 


the  public  games ;  others  may  have  served  as 
counters  in  games  of  lottery.  As  Mr.  Webb  pro- 
poses to  deal  more  fully  witli  this  subject,  he 
expressed  a  wish  that  collectors  would  place  at  his 
disposal  for  purposes  of  description  any  pieces 
they  may  possess.  By  the  examination  of  a  con- 
siderable number  it  may  be  possible  to  arrive  at 
more  definite  conclusions  as  to  the  purpose  these 
tessera  were  intended  to  serve. 


Linnean.—  Jan.  16.— Prof.  W.  A.  Herdman, 
President,  in  the  chair.— The  Rev.  Dr.  J.  Barker, 
Mr.  C.  F.  M.  Swynnerton,  and  Mr.  H.  Atkinson 
were  admitted  Fellows.— Miss  M.  E.  Bainbridge, 
Mr.  W.  Barratt,  Mr.  F.  J.  Chittenden,  Mr.  W.  E. 
Collinge,  Mr.  A.  W.  Hill,  and  Mr.  J.  H.  Priestley 
were  elected  Fellows.  —Mr.  A.  P.  Young  exhibited 
a  series  of  lantern-slides  to  show  various  stages  of 
soil-denudation  and  forest  destruction  in  Tyrol. — 
Mr.  A.  W.  Sutton  read  a  paper  entitled  '  Notes  on 
Brassica  Crosses,'  illustrated  with  lantern-slides. 
A  discussion  followed,  in  which  Prof.  Percival, 
Prof.  Farmer,  and  Mr.  W.  Bateson  (visitor)  took 
part. — The  second  paper,  on  a  '  Revision  of  the 
Genus  Illigra,  Blume,'  by  Mr.  S.  T.  Dunn,  was 
read  in  title. — The  third  and  last  paper,  by  Mr. 
Bunzo  Hayata,  was  briefly  introduced  by  Mr. 
C.  H.  Wright. 

Zoological. — Jan.  14. — Prof.  J.  Rose  Bradford, 
V.P.,  in  the  chair. — The  Secretary  read  a  report 
on  the  additions  to  the  menagerie  during  December. 
—Mr.  W.  P.  Pycraft  exhibited,  on  behalf  of  Mr. 
R.  Lydekker,  an  abnormally  marked  leopard-skin 
from  the  Deccan,  which  had  been  presented  to  the 
British  Museum  of  Natural  History  by  Mr.  F.  A. 
Coleridi. — Dr.  W.  A.  Cunnington  gave  an  account 
of  an  expedition  conducted  last  spring,  in  conjunc- 
tion with  Mr.  C.  L.  Boulenger,  to  investigate  the 
flora  and  fauna  of  the  Birket  el  Qurun — Lake 
Moeris  of  the  ancients.  The  expedition  was  under- 
taken on  behalf  of  the  Egyptian  Survey  Department, 
and  one  important  result  was  the  discovery  of  a 
new  lacustrine  medusa. — Mr.  Oldfield  Thomas  read 
a  paper  (the  sixth  of  the  series)  on  mammals  ob- 
tained in  the  Shantung  Peninsula,  N.  China,  by 
Mr.  M.  P.  Anderson,  for  the  Duke  of  Bedford's 
exploration  of  Eastern  Asia.  No  mammals  had 
come  from  this  region  since  the  time  of  Consul 
Swinhoe,  who  had  visited  it  in  1866-8.  The  pre- 
sent series  contained  106  specimens  belonging  to 
six  species,  of  which  one  was  new. — Mr.  F.  E. 
Beddard  read  a  communication  entitled  '  On  the 
Musculature  and  other  Points  in  the  Anatomy  of 
the  Engystomatid  Frog,  Breviceps  verrucosus. — 
Mr.  C.  L.  Boulenger  gave  an  account  of  a  com- 
munication entitled  '  On  the  Hermaphroditism  of 
the  Amphipod  Orchestia  deshayesii,  Audouin.' 


March  meeting,  and  that  his  subject  would  be  '  On 
Seeds,  with  Special  Reference  to  British  Plants.' 


Microscopical.  —  Jan.  15. — Annual  Meeting. — 
Mr.  E.  J.  Spitta  in  the  chair. — An  old  microscope 
of  the  type  of  "Jones's  most  improved  compound 
microscope,"  presented  to  the  Society  by  Mr.  A.  S. 
Michie,  was  described  by  Mr.  Rousselet,  who  said 
the  instrument  would  be  over  100  years  old.— Mr. 
Conrad  Beok  exhibited  and  described  a  new  method 
of  showing  living  bacteria  by  dark-ground  illumina- 
tion, the  apparatus  consisting  oi  a  modified  para- 
bolic illuminator,  a  Nernst  lamp,  and  mono- 
chromatic blue-light  filter. — Mr.  J.  W.  Ogilvy 
exhibited  some  microscopes  of  new  design  made  by 
Messrs.  Leitz.  The  instruments  were  fitted  with 
that  firm's  fine  adjustment,  the  arrangement  con- 
sisting of  a  worm  wheel  and  heart-shaped  cam 
which  gives  an  alternate  rise  and  fall  of  3  mm.  to 
the  body  of  the  microscope.  Mr.  Ogilvy  said  an 
important  feature  in  the  arrangement  was  that  in 
the  event  of  the  objective  being  brought  into  con- 
tact with  the  cover  glass  when  focussing,  it  simply 
rested  upon  the  slide,  no  further  downward  motion 
being  imparted  to  the  body,  even  if  the  observer 
continued  to  turn  the  milled  head.  The  coarse 
adjustment  was  also  provided  with  a  safety  arrange- 
ment.— The  Annual  Report  and  Treasurer's  balance- 
sheet  were  then  read  and  adopted,  and  the  ofneors 
and  Council  for  the  ensuing  year  were  elected, 
Lord  A vebury  becoming  President. — In  the  absence 
of  the  author,  the  Secretary  read  an  abstract  of  a 
paper  by  Mr.  W.  Wesche  •  On  the  Microscope  as 
an  Aid  to  the  Study  of  Biology  in  Entomology, 
with  Particular  Reference  to  the  Foixl  of  Insects.' 
The  paper  was  illustrated  by  a  large  number  of 
plates,  numerous  slides  under  microscopes,  and 
lantern-slides. — It  was  announced  that  Lord  Ave- 
bury  would  deliver  his  Presidential  Address  at  the 


Institution  or  Civil  Engineers.—  Jan.  21.— 
Sir  William  Matthews,  President,  in  the  chair. — 
The  papers  read  were  '  Experimental  Investigations 
of  the  Stresses  in  Masonry  Dams  subjected  to 
Water-Pressure,'  by  Sir  J.  W.  Ottley  and  Dr.  A.  W. 
Brightmore  ;  '  Stresses  in  Dams  :  an  Experimental 
Investigation  by  means  of  India-rubber  Models,' 
by  Messrs.  J.  S.  Wilson  and  W.  Gore ;  and 
1  Stresses  in  Masonry  Dams,'  by  Mr.  E.  P.  Hill. 


Philological.—  Jan.   10.— Mr.   H.   A.  Nesbitt, 
Treasurer,    in    the  chair. — The  new  part   of   the 
Society's  '  Oxford  Dictionary,'  '  Pennage  '  to  '  Pre- 
mious,'   edited    by  its    President,    Dr.    J.   A.    H. 
Murray,  was  laid  on  the  table.  — Dr.  W.  A.  Craigie 
read  a  paper  on  the  R  words  he  is  editing  for  the 
Dictionary.      He  said  that  three-quarters   of  the 
whole  work  would  be  finished  this  year,  for  Dr.  H. 
Bradley  was  near  the  end  of  M,  and  Dr.  Murray's 
next  part  would  nearly,  if  not  quite,  finish  P.     Dr. 
Craigie  had  taken  up  R  again,  from  which  he  had 
been  shifted  to  complete  N,  in  consequence  of  the 
Goldsmiths'  Company's  gift  of  5,000/.  to  the  Dic- 
tionary funds.     Almost  all  his  words   were  com- 
pounds of  re-  and  retro-,  and  so  less  interesting  than 
old  root  words.     Reset,  sb.,  obsolete,  was  refuge, 
shelter,  or  succour,  and  the  opportunity  of  obtain- 
ing it,  the  earliest  instance  being  in  1297,  and  the 
last  in  1685  :  that  "rebels  may  have  no  Reset  or 
Refuge  from  any  of  the  Subjects  of  this  our  Realm." 
In  Scotland  it  still  exists  as  the  act  or  practice  of 
receiving  stolen  goods:    1863,  "Theft  and  reset." 
Eesiant,  adj.,  resident,  abiding,  lasts  from  1450  to 
1659,  and  as  sb.  to  the  present  day,  though  rare  : 
1867,    Anstey,     "  the   common    right  of    all    the 
Resiants."     To  reside,  to  take  up  one's  abode,  dates 
from  c.  1460,  and  has  a  curious  use  in   Healey's 
englished  St.  Augustine's   'Citie  of  God':  "The 
cause  of  the  bad  Angels'  misery  is  their  departure 
from  that  high  essence  to  reside  vpon  themselues. ' 
In  1725  Pope  has   "  my  ship  resides  at  Reithrus, 
and  secure  at  anchor  rides"  ('Odyssey,'  i.  237). 
Residential  occurs  first  as  "  left  as  a  residuum  "  in 
1651     ("  residentiall    about    the    parenchymatick 
Laboratorie  of  the  Liver  "),  but  is  followed  in  1654 
by  "  serving  or  used  ai  a  residence"  ("  Let  him  see 
the  Residentiall  Court  of  Chastity  "),  and  in  1878 
by  the  modern  "residential  estate,"  or  (1856)  "a 
residential  traffic."     Resign,  surrender,  dates  from 
c.    1380,    Wyclif,    "  pei   resigne   not    her    benefis 
goten  by  symonye,"  and  in  1595  has  the  rare  sense 
of  the  Latin  resignare,  "disclose,  reveal":  "When 
Moyses  first  thy  statutes  did  resigne. "     The  spell- 
1  ing  resin  is  much  more  frequent  than  rosin,  though 
that  occurs  in  1669,  1681,  &c.     Chaucer,  c.  1374,  is 
the  first  user  of  resist ;  while  Walter  Scott  intro- 
duces "passive  resistance,"  as  a  simple  refusal  to 
comply,  in  'Ivanhoe'  in  1819.     The  modern  "pas- 
sive resister  "  is  given  on  29  May,  1903.     Resolute 
meant,    1,    dissolved,    "c.    1420,   ammoniak   with 
brymstone  resolute";  2,   friable,    "  c.    1420.    light 
resolute  lond";  3,  dissolute,   "c.  1440,  resolute  in 
vertues";  4,  infirm,    "1607,   the  weak,    resolute, 
or  paralytike  members";  5,  paid,   "  c.  1466,  rent 
resolute  to  our  lord  the  kyng";  6,  decided,  final, 
"  1501,  the  resolute  mynde  of  the  said  king,"  &c. 
The  Tudor  resolute,  vb.,  resolve,  is  still  used  in 
America  for  "  to  pass  resolutions":  "1860,  when 
you  have  done  resoluting,  you  will  only  have  lost 
your  time."     Resort,   sb.,  dates  from  Chaucer,  c. 
1374,  and  as  vb.  from  Mandeville,  c.  1400.    Respect, 
sb. ,  has  a  very  wide  range  of  meaning  in  phrases, 
and  by  itself,  one  of  the  latter  being  "respite": 
"  c.  1440,  sho  askid  of  ]>e  law  a  respecte,  and  had 
it  grawntid";  another,  appearance  :  "  1615,  Tyrus 
is  now  an  heapeof  mines;  yet  have  they  a  reuerent 

respect";  view,  "1542,ahowse a  good  respocto 

in  it,  to  it,  and  from  it";  besides  motives,  fear, 
&c.  Rest  was,  1,  O.  E.  ra>st,  a  bed,  and  the  repose 
obtained  from  lying  on  it ;  2,  Fr.  rente,  remainder  ; 
3,  the  aphctic  form  of  arcs/,  a  moans  of  stopping  a 
horse  ;  and  under  this  comes  the  rest  in  medieval 
armour,  which  was  not  the  part  on  which  the  spear 
rested,  but  a  contrivance  fixed  to  the  cuirass  to 
receive  the  butt-end  of  the  lance  when  couched  for 
the  charge,  and  to  provont  it  from  being  driven  back 
upon  impact.  Dr.  Craigie  dealt  also  with  rest  nitra- 
tion, which  lasted  till  after  1700,  and  was  used  in 
1862-86  for  a  restaurant;  with  restive  (which  first 
meant  standing  still,  intractable),  resume,  resurrec- 
tion, resuscitation,  ret,  vb.   (soak  flax),  retail,  re- 


tainer, reticence,  retinue,  retire,  retour  in  Scotch 
law,  retract  (two  verbs),  recantation,  retrieve,  retro- 
grade, restaurant,  &c.  Under  retort,  sb.,  Dr. 
Craigie  convicted  Sir  Walter  Scott  of  a  misquota- 
tion. In  'The  Fortunes  of  Nigel,'  chap,  ii.,  Sir 
Walter  makes  old  David  Ramsay,  James  I.'s  watch- 
maker, say,  "  Locking  wheel  being  48 — the  power 
of  retort  8 — the  striking  pins  are  48,"  which  he 
obviously  copied  from  the  3rd  ed.  of  the  '  Encyclo- 
paedia Britannica,'  v.  731:  "The  locking-wheel 
being  48,  the  pinion  of  report  8,  the  pin-wheel  78, 
the  striking  pins  are  13";  and  in  a  later  line  Scott 
turns  the  '  Encyclopedia's '  acceleration  at  the 
rate  of  "5  minutes"  into  "3  minutes."— Mr. 
L.  C.  Wharton  explained  the  meaning  of  "  moton, 
mutton,"  as  the  name  of  an  engine  for  throwing 
stones ;  but  this  did  not  suit  the  passage  in  one 
of  the  Lansdowne  MSS.  given  by  Meyrick,  where 
it  is  part  of  the  armour  needed  for  jousts. 


British  Numismatic. — Jan.  22. — Mr.  Carlyon- 
Britton,  President,  in  the  chair.  —  The  Public 
Librae  of  South  Australia  and  Mr.  F.  W.  Brothers 
were  elected  to  membership. — Fleet-Surgeon  A.  E. 
Weightman  contributed  a  comprehensive  mono- 
graph on  '  The  Copper  Coinage  of  Queen  Anne,'  in 
which  the  methods  of  using  dies  and  puncheons, 
and  of  preparing  blanks,  were  discussed,  and  the 
size  and  shape  of  the  coins,  and  the  characteristics 
of  their  edges,  were  reviewed.  The  arguments 
derived  from  these  considerations  were  employed 
as  criteria  to  distinguish  between  patterns,  restrikes, 
and  coins  intended  for  currency.  Among  the  results 
achieved,  it  was  proved  that  the  farthing  numbered 
15  by  Montagu  was  only  a  pattern,  and  that  an 
extant  variation  of  this  piece  was  the  one  actually 
struck  for  public  use.  Mr.  Weightman  had  classi- 
fied all  the  known  varieties  of  the  halfpenny  and 
farthing  of  Queen  Anne,  and  had  compiled  lists  of 
them.  His  paper  also  included  references  to  his- 
torical documents  which  throw  light  on  the  signifi- 
cation of  the  designs  adopted.  In  a  general  dis- 
cussion which  followed  the  reading  of  the  paper, 
the  opinion  of  the  meeting  was  expressed  that  the 
very  rare  farthing  numbered  16  by  Montagu,  and 
misjudged  by  him  to  be  a  jetton,  was  really  a 
pattern. — Major  Freer  exhibited  a  valuable  collec- 
tion of  medals  and  orders  which  formerly  belonged 
to  General  Sir  John  Harvey,  Governor-General  of 
Nova  Scotia,  of  whose  services  he  read  an  interest- 
ing account. — Other  exhibitions  were  :  Mr.  W.  C. 
Wells,  a  penny  of  Henry  I.,  Andrew  t3'pe  VII., 
reading  on  the  reverse  -f-ATSTAX  :  on  :  norpic 
(Norwich)  :  and  Mr.  L.  A.  Lawrence,  a  noble  of 
the  latest  issue  of  Edward  III.,  struck  between 
1367  and  his  death  ;  a  noble  of  Henry  IV.,  having 
on  the  obverse  the  square  and  stunted  lettering 
characteristic  of  those  very  rare  groats  which  por- 
tray the  king's  emaciated  condition  ;  a  fine  speci- 
men of  these  particular  groats  ;  and  a  silver  plaque 
bearing  a  portrait  in  high  relief  of  Charles  I. — 
Presentations  to  the  Society's  collections  and 
library  were  made  by  Mr.  Anscombe,  Major  Freer, 
the  American  Numismatic  Society,  and  Messrs. 
Spink  &  Son. 


Mos. 


TlKS. 


MEETINGS  NEXT  WEEK. 
Royal  Academy.  4.—  'The  Most  Beautiful    Sculpture  in   til* 

World  ;  Donatello  ami  Michael  Angelo.'  Prof.  W  K.  Colton. 
London    Institution,    5.—'  Soil     Inoculations,'   Prof.    \V.    B. 

Bottomlay. 
Royal  Institution,  5. —General  Monthly. 
Surveyors'    Institution.  7— Discussion  on   'The  Taxation  of 

Land  Values.'    (Junior  Meeting.) 
Society  of  Engineers,  7.30.  —  President  s  Inaugural  Address. 
Aristotelian.  8.  — 'The  Religious   Emotion  :    some   Results  of 

Inductive  Inquiry,'  Dr.  A.  C'aldcoott. 
Society    of  Arts.    8.  — '  The    Theory    and    Practice    of    Clock- 
Making,'  Lecture   III.,  Mr.  II.   H.  Cunynghame,    [Cantor 

Lecture.) 
Sociological,  8— 'Past  and    Future    Developments  of  Human 

Societies.'  Mr.  I.  Gibbon. 
Jewish    Historical    Society.  8..10.  — '  King    Alfred  and  Mosaic 

Law,'  Prof.  Liebermann. 

K-yal  Institution  n  —  Roman  Britain    its  inteitu  Civilisa- 
tion,' Prof.  F.  .1.  llavcrficld. 


Institution    of   Civil    Engineers,  8— Further  discussion  on 
'Stresses  in  Masonry  Dams.1 

—  Zoological,  8.S0— '  The  Duke  of  Bedford's  Zoological  Explora- 

tion in  Eastern  Asia:  VII  l.i-t  of  Mammals  from  the  Tsu- 
shima Islands.'  Mr.  0.  Thomas  J  "On  the  Presence  of 
Qonadlal  Grooves  in  AurtUn  aurila,'  Mr  T.  Ooodey;  "The 
i>uko  of  Bedford*!  Zoological  Fxiilor.it ion  In  Eastern  Asia: 
VIII.  A  Collection  of  Freshwater  Fishes  from  Cores,'  Mr. 
C  Tate  Began. 
Wfp.  Archaeological  Institute,  4.30. — '  Holdenby  House  and  Church,' 
Mr  A  Hartshorns. 

—  Entomological,     It— 'On    Piaposomatism.   with    reference    to 

some  Limitations  of  the  Mllllctian    BrpOthesU  of  Mimicrv,' 

Mi   Qui  A   B   Marshall. 

—  Geological.   8.  —  '  On    Antigoiile  and  the  Val   Antigorio.  with 

Notes  on  other  Serpentines  containing  t lint  Mineral.' 
Prof.  T.  Q.  Bonner;  'The  st.  Davld's-Hsad  "Rock-Series,' 
Pembrokeshire, '  Mr  ,i.  v,  Bladen, 

—  Society  of  Arts.  B.— 'War  Balloons.'  Mr.  A.  F.  Gandron. 

Tin  ss.  Royal    Institution,  .1— 'The  Story  of  the  Spanish  Armada,' 
Motors  II..  Major  Martin  Hume. 

—  Royal  Academy,  4.— 'Advice  to  Students,'  Prof.  W   R   Colton. 

—  Royal,  4.30. 


134 


T  II  E    AT  II  KWK  D  M 


No. 


U88,  !•')  b.  1, 


1908 


London    ln.iit.ni  u  •  Miana 

— 

•       I!  Mr  J.  B    IV,  k 

—  I.im.  .il.    ,.( 

i  ,,.(   die    Vih.il  ml-.      Ml     '  I t    Held  ,     "ii    . 

I    l"tl i  "-''■  ■ 

i        I  m.  i  .  •  mi  a   i  I  ipodltlon  in 

luiiin 

—  el,.  ,1,,     i  ',-   M    ■  .i.       ■  ■     ■ 

mi. I   II     A     I'lilllil  .1  l\ .—    .1  Mill.  ..ii.    1"  il  I   \    . 

ii.l  F  8.  H  ipplng  .  mi. I  .tin  i  r 

—  S...  u-u  of  Aniiiu  ■ 
\  .  i,      .  Annual    Mi  •  Iiiik  ,     l'i.-i.l.  ill 

n  ii  \  ..I  il,.-  Oi 


>'hi 


—  In. ui  mi. >n  of  Civil    Ii  I        trie  llinl.  nine  ami 

Annsallnf    Furnacoa,     Mi     P,    T.    .st.-niili.il.      IBtudantl 
\i, 

—  Plillnloglail.  »       ini  Thado,  the  Unwritten  Langnaf*  ol 

Kuki*  from  the  Manlpur  Dlitrict,' Ml    T.  C   Bod 

—  s,k  i.tv  ,.f  Arts,  8  -'Tin-  iijk'I.i f  it,,    Potter}  Trade,' Mr. 

\\    i. 

—  it., Mil    l  n-t it  ii t i, .ii.    9.— '  Napolean    ami    the    Loam,'   Mr. 

liiiiiuilirv  Ward 
su       Ron]  [nratutlon,  1— 'Anthonj  Van  Djok,'  Lecture  il.,  Mr. 
Lionel  t'ui>t. 


%citnct  ©ossip. 

Tin;  death  took  place  last  Saturday, 
with  startling  suddennoss,  of  Sir  Thomas 
Mi  (all  Anderson,  Regius  Professor  of  Medi- 
cine in  Glasgow  University  since  1900. 
He  was  born  in  Glasgow  in  1836,  and  after 
taking  his  medical  course,  studied  at 
various  schools  on  the  Continent.  He  was 
in  turn  Lecturer  on  the  Practice  of  Medicine 
in  Anderson's  College,  Physician  to  the 
Royal  Infirmary,  and  Professor  of  Clinical 
Medicine  in  Glasgow  University  from  1874 
to  1900,  when  he  succeoded  Sir  William 
Gairdner  in  the  Chair  of  Systematic  Medicine. 
He  was  a  member  of  several  continental 
societies.  An  authority  on  consumption 
and  diseases  of  the  skin,  he  published  '  A 
Treatise  on  Diseases  of  the  Skin,'  '  Lectures 
on  Clinical  Medicine,'  and  '  Contributions 
to  Clinical  Medicine.' 

At  Gresham  College  four  lectures  on 
'  The  Moon  and  its  Great  Ring-Mountains  ' 
(in  continuation  of  the  previous  courses  on 
the  solar  system)  will  be  delivered  by  the 
Rev.  Edmund  Ledger,  on  the  evenings  of 
Tuesday  to  Friday  next. 

Mr.  G.  G.  Chisholm,  who  has  been 
appointed  to  the  new  Lectureship  in  Geo- 
graphy at  Edinburgh  University,  has  been 
presented  by  the  Council  of  the  Royal 
Scottish  Geographical  Society  with  the 
Society's  silver  medal  for  his  services  to 
geographical  education. 

Recent  Parliamentary  Papers  include  a 
Supplement  in  continuation  of  the  Report 
of  the  Medical  Officer  of  the  Local  Govern- 
ment Board — on  Sanatoria  for  Consumption 
and  certain  other  Aspects  of  the  Tuberculosis 
Question  (10s.  2d.)  ;  and  Part  III.  of  the 
Annual  Report  of  the  Fishery  Board  for 
Scotland,  1906.  This  part  is  entitled  Scien- 
tific Investigations,  and,  among  other  things, 
deals  with  the  methods  of  herring  fishing, 
and  the  influence  of  the  moon  on  the  catch 
of  herrings,  apart  from  indirect  influence 
through  tides.     The  price  is  6s.  <S\d. 

The  German  expedition  in  the  Kamerun 
under  Messrs.  Hassert  and  Thorbecke 
appears  to  be  making  good  progress  with 
its  task  of  taking  the  altitudes  of  the  moun- 
tains in  the  district.  Mount  Fako,  for 
instance,  is  found  to  be  12,550  ft.  high. 
In  the  north-east  range  twelve  volcanic 
craters  have  been  discovered,  one  of  them 
in  a  state  of  activity. 

The  moon  will  be  new  at  8h.  37m.  (Green- 
wich timo)  on  the  morning  of  the  2nd  inst., 
and  full  at  9h.  5m.  on  that  of  the  17th. 
An  occultation  of  the  third  magnitude  star 
(  Tauri  will  take  place  on  the  night  of  the 
11th  (disappearance  at  22  minutes  past 
midnight,  reappearance  at  19  minutos 
past  1  o'clock  on  the  following  morning). 
The  planet  Mercury  will  bo  visible  in  the 
evening  until  nearly  the  ond  of  the  month, 
boing  at  greatest  eastern  elongation  from 
the  sun  on  tho  13th,  when  he  will  bo  almost 
due  north  of  fi  Aquarii,  and  therefore  near 


ih"    western    border    of    the    constellation 
;    be  \\ill  l>"  »t   inferior  conjunction 
with  ill"  Mm  on  the  29th.     Venus  is  brilliant 
in  tln>  evening,  moving  in  an  easterly  din 
tion  through  tho  (-nil  tellation   I  she 

will  ii"  iii  conjunction  with  the  moon  <urly 

in    tin*    "veiling    <m    th"    4th.      Mars    mi 

during  tho  month  from   Pisces  into  Ai 
passing  due  smith  of  the  star  /i  in  the  latter 

constellation    on    tli"   21st,    and    of   a  on    the 

20th  ;  ho  will  be  in  conjunction  with  the 
moon  on  tho  evening  of  the  5th.  Jupiter 
is  brilliant  in  Cancer  throughout  the  night  ; 
ho  will  bo  vory  near  the  moon  on  the  16th, 
their  conjunction  taking  place  in  the  afti  i  - 
noon.  Saturn  is  in  Pisces,  and  will  bo  in 
conjunction  with  Venus  on  tho  evening  of 
tho  10th.  Thus  this  month  all  the  largo 
planets  will  be  visible  in  the  evening. 

Enpke's  periodical  comet  was  photo- 
graphically registered  by  Prof.  Max  Wolf 
at  tho  Astrophysical  Institute,  Konig- 
stuhl,  Heidelberg,  from  the  13th  to  the  19th 
ult.,  but  no  visual  observations  are  yet  to 
hand. 

At  the  same  place  two  small  planets  were 
photographically  discovered  (by  Prof.  Wolf 
and  Herr  Scheifele  respectively)  on  tho 
5th  inst.,  and  three  by  Herr  Kopff  on  the 
12th.  The  comparatively  bright  one  an- 
nounced in  our  Gossip  on  the  18th  ult.  is, 
in  all  probability,  identical  with  ^Ethra, 
No.  132,  which  was  discovered  so  long  ago 
as  June  13th,  1873,  and  has  not  been  seen 
since  that  year.  Its  orbit  is  very  eccentric, 
and  it  approaches  the  sun  sometimes  nearer 
than  Mars. 

Two  new  variable  stars  have  been  detected 
by  Herr  Enebo  at  Dombas,  Norway.  The 
first  (B.D.+31°.1380)  will  be  reckoned  in 
a  general  list  as  var.  1,  1908,  Geminorum, 
and  has  a  long  period,  probably  amounting 
to  about  20  months.  The  latter  (B.D. 
4-41°.824)  appears  to  change  between  the 
8'4  and  9'6  magnitudes  in  about  a  year  and  a 
half.  It  will  be  reckoned  as  var.  2,  1908, 
Persei. 


FINE   ARTS 

— ♦ — 

The  Life  and  Works  of  Vittorio  Carpaccio. 
By  Pompeo  Molmenti  and  Gustav 
Ludwig.  Translated  by  R.  H.  Hobart 
Cust.     (John  Murray.) 

The  modern  cult  of  Carpaccio  may  fairly 
be  said  to  have  had  its  rise  in  England, 
and  it  is  an  open  question  if  any  Italian 
painter  of  the  Quattrocento — not  even 
Botticelli  himself  excepted — has  counted 
more  sincere  lovers  and  admirers  in  this 
country  than  he,  since  Ruskin  opened  the 
eyes  of  the  public  to  his  peculiar  genius. 
That  Mr.  Murray  has  realized  this  seems 
evident,  if  we  may  judge  by  the  sumptuous 
and  richly  illustrated  volume  which  lies 
before  us.  The  work  itself  is  already 
too  well  known  in  its  original  form,  and 
was  too  carefully  and  widely  reviewed 
upon  its  first  appearance  in  Italian  some 
eighteen  months  ago,  for  us  to  discuss  it 
in  great  detail.  A  monument  to  Carpaccio, 
it  is  also  a  memorial  to  one  of  the  authors 
whose  names  it  bears — the  late  Gustav 
Ludwig,  whose  precious  contributions  to 
the  history  of  Venetian  painting  justified 
great  expectations  of  what  might  have 
been,  had  he  been  spared  for  further 
labours  in  this  same  field.  As  some  will 
remember,  Ludwig  died  before  the  com- 


pletion  "f  the  i  work,  which  was, 

however,  carried  ably  to  its  end  by  Bigot  r 
Molmenti.    Ah  a  study  of  Oarpaooio  and 

his   times,    it    remains   the    | 

and  valuable  wfaieb  ire  poteen — the  only 
one  of  its  kind,  in  fact — and  as  such 
needs  no  praise  from  us  beyond  that  which 

baa  already  been  accorded  it  by  others. 
With  the  fresh  material  at  their  dispo-i- 
tion,  the  authors  have  been  able  to  treat 
their  subject  in  a  way  hitherto  impossible, 
especially  in  respect  to  Carpaccio's  life 
and  family  records,  and,  judged  from  an 
historical  point  of  view,  the  result  of  their 
united  labours  is  a  book  as  admirable 
as  it  is  appreciative.  It  is  rather  from 
another  standpoint — that  of  the  critic — 
that  we  may  perhaps  venture  to  add  a 
few  words  concerning  it. 

Apart  from  its  main  interest  as  a  study 
of    Carpaccio    himself,    its    most    novel 
attraction    for    the    student    lies    in    the 
authors'     claim     that    Lazzaro    Bastiani 
(or  Sebastiani),   and   not    Gentile  Bellini 
or  the   Vivarini,    as   has    been   generally 
maintained,   was  Vittorio's  real   master ; 
and  the  opening  section  of  their  book  is, 
in    fact,    devoted    to    Lazzaro    and    his 
supposed  school.     It  is  precisely  to  this 
section,  if  to  any,   that  we  should  take 
exception — not  so  much  in  regard  to  tho 
theories   therein   put  forth   as   in   regard 
to  the  uncritical  way  in  which  they  are 
developed.     In  their  enthusiasm  for  their 
new    ideas    as     to     Carpaccio's    artistic 
beginnings,    the    authors,    to    our    mind, 
have  overstepped  the   bounds  of  a  just 
appreciation,     and     exalt     the      humble 
Lazzaro    to    a    higher    position    than    he 
probably  ever  really  held,  even  in  his  own 
day,  and  in  the  eyes  of  that  least  critical 
of  all  publics,  the  public  of  Venice  ;    and 
certainly  to  a  higher  level  than  is  evinced 
by   any   of   his  remaining   works.     Their 
chronological    arrangement    of   Bastiani's 
paintings,  again,  is  purely  hypothetical  and 
critically  undefended.     Even  allowing  for 
the   possibility   that   Lazzaro   may  have 
deserved   better   treatment   than   he   has 
received    at    the    hands  of    some  critics, 
we  regard  it   as    very  unlikely     that   a 
painter    of    his    modest     talents     could 
have    produced    an    altarpiece    such    as 
his     '  St.    Veneranda    Enthroned,'     now 
in    the    Academy    at     Vienna,  so    early 
as  1470 — the  latest  date  to  which  Messrs. 
Ludwig    and    Molmenti    are    willing    to 
ascribe    it.     On    the    score    of  its    com- 
position alone,  the  verification  of  such  a 
comparatively  early  date  for  this  exceed- 
ingly developed  work  would  place  Bastiani 
at   once   on   a   par   with,    if   not   above, 
both    the    Vivarini    and    Bellini    as    an 
innovator,     and    would    necessitate    tho 
rewriting  of  a  good  part  of  the  art-history 
of  Venice.     Until,  therefore,  Signor  Mol- 
menti can  bring  forward  a  more  convincing 
argument  than  any  we  are  able  to  find 
in  his  volume  in  support  of  such  a  dating 
of  this  picture,  we  must  continue  to  look 
upon  it  not  as  an  epoch-making  work  of 
the  painter's  prime,  but  as  a  production 
of  his  later  years,  and  a  culminating  proof 
of  his  dependence  upen,  rather  than  his 
independence  of,  his  great  contemporaries. 
We     have     permitted     ourselves     this 


No.  4188,  Feb.  1,  1908 


THE    ATHENiEUM 


135 


digression  in  order  to  draw  attention  to 
what  appears  to  us  to  be  the  one  quality 
lacking  in  this  otherwise  admirable  book, 
i.e.,  that  of  a  convincing  system  of  critical 
argument  in  support  of  the  authors' 
often  plausible  views.  When  documents 
fail  them,  the  writers  are  too  apt  to  fall 
back  upon  mere  assertions,  which  they 
fail  to  substantiate  by  critical  proofs, 
although  such  proofs  at  times  appear 
to  be  not  beyond  their  reach.  The  figure 
of  Bastiani,  for  instance,  is  one  which 
would  lend  itself  easily  to  critical  dissec- 
tion or  reconstruction,  yet,  artistically, 
he  is  but  loosely  presented  to  us  in 
this  book.  That  he  was,  in  reality, 
Carpaccio's  master,  there  is  some  good 
reason  to  believe  ;  but  the  reader  must 
thank  the  authors  for  the  suggestion 
rather  than  for  the  proof.  This  same 
lack  of  definite  persuasion  makes  itself 
felt,  though  in  a  less  degree,  in  other  parts 
of  the  book,  and  is  the  more  to  be  regretted 
when  one  considers  its  sterling  merits  as 
an  historical  study. 

Once    past    the   rocky  ground  of  Car- 
paccio's   artistic  parentage,  however,  the 
way  is   smoother    and    more  open,    well 
marked      by      documental      milestones, 
and   less   beset   by  critical   obstructions, 
so   that    the  story  of  the  artist's  career 
runs    easily   to    the    end.        The    active 
collaboration  of  Ludwig  ceases  with  the 
seventh  chapter,  and  the  decorations  of  the 
New  Oratory  of  the  Schiavoni ;  but  many 
of  his  notes  are  embodied  in  those  that 
follow,    nor    is    there    any    falling-off    in 
interest  in   the   remainder   of   the   work. 
Needless  to  say,  Signor  Molmenti  writes 
with   the  enthusiastic   appreciation  born 
of  a  true  love  for  his  subject ;   and  it 
would    be    hard    to    quarrel    or    disagree 
with  most  of  his  judgments,  though  we 
cannot  repress  a  certain  surprise  at  his 
rather  depreciative  estimate  of  some  of 
Carpaccio's  later  works,  such  as  the  all- 
but-unknown  altarpieces  in  the  cathedral 
of    Capodistria    and    the    church    of    S. 
Francesco  at  Pirano — works  which,  to  our 
mind,  are  to  be  classed,  in    composition 
at  least,   among   his   highest,   if  not  his 
noblest  achievements,   and  which  would 
surely    have    repaid    a    deeper    analysis 
than  is  given  them.     In  closing,  we  might 
ask  why  the  charming  little  panel  repre- 
senting the  story  of  Cyex  and  Halcyon 
belonging    to    Mr.     Johnson    of    Phila- 
delphia, has  been  omitted  from  the  list  of 
Carpaccio's  works.     Although  possibly  un- 
known to  Signor  Molmenti  at  the  time  when 
his  book  was  first  published,  it  certainly 
should  have  been  mentioned  in  a  succeed- 
ing edition,   both   on  account  of  its  in- 
trinsic merits  and  its  interest  as  the  only 
existing  example  of  Carpaccio's  treatment 
of  a  subject  from  classic  mythology. 

In  speaking  of  the  book  itself  we  have 
not  been  unmindful  of  the  translator, 
and  it  is,  after  all,  as  an  English  render- 
ing that  we  are  called  upon  to  notice 
this  splendid  volume.  In  this  respect 
unstinted  praise  is  due  to  Mr.  Cust  for 
his  conscientious,  painstaking,  and,  above 
all,  scholarly  transcription  of  a  work 
which,  when  all  is  said  and  done,  is  sure  to 
remain  the  standard  book  upon  the  life 


and  surroundings  of  the  fascinating  Vene- 
tian painter  whose  name  it  bears,  if 
not  upon  the  subject  of  his  hazy  artistic 
beginnings.     

Francois- Auguste  Rodin.  By  Frederick 
Lawton.  (E.  Grant  Richards.) — This  little 
study  of  Rodin  is  so  much  in  the  same  vein 
as  Mr.  Lawton's  larger  work  on  the  same 
subject,  recently  noticed  in  these  columns, 
that  it  is  unnecessary  to  review  it  at  length. 
Mr.  Lawton  is  keenly  interested  in  the  artist 
of  whom  he  writes,  but  is  so  close  to  his 
subject  that  it  somewhat  overawes  him. 
This  work  differs  from  the  earlier  in  that 
at  the  end  the  author  makes  a  gallant 
attempt  to  recognize  that  from  certain 
points  of  view  M.  Rodin  is  not  above  cri- 
ticism, but  he  gets  little  further  than  an 
acknowledgment  that  when  the  great 
modeller  exhibits  not  merely  mutilated 
fragments  of  his  work,  but  even  fragments 
with  holes  punched  in  them,  he  conveys 
an  impression  of  insincerity. 

More  valuable  among  the  new  features 
of  the  volume  is  a  little  introductory  sketch 
of  the  history  of  French  sculpture,  which 
shows  Mr.  Lawton  as  by  no  means  lacking 
in  critical  powers  when  these  are  exercised 
on  subjects  which  give  him  a  free  hand. 
It  is  perhaps  a  too  acute  sense  of  gratitude 
towards  the  great  man  at  whose  biography 
he  has  laboured  that  prevents  either  of 
his  studies  of  Rodin  from  expressing  a  clear, 
untrammelled,  and  original  point  of  view. 

Suppressed  Plates.  By  George  Somes 
Layard.  (A.  &  C.  Black.)— Mr.  Layard  has 
produced  an  uncommonly  entertaining 
volume  which  will  appeal  strongly  to  the 
collector  of  literary  trifles,  and  to  those  who 
find  enjoyment  in  the  possession  of  what  a 
modern  poet  calls  "  the  first  edition  and 
the  worst."  It  is  a  curious  phase  of  intel- 
lectual "  depravity,"  this  passion  for  books 
with  "  escaped  "  errors,  and  for  suppressed 
plates  which  in  nearly  every  instance  are 
artistically  far  inferior  to  the  accepted 
versions.  But  there  probably  never  was  a 
collector  to  whom  the  seductive  charms  of 
these  errors  and  suppressions  failed  to 
appeal,  and  this  amiable  weakness  is  con- 
fined to  no  country  or  class.  If  there  is 
living  to-day  an  exception,  he  has  only  to 
read  Mr.  Layard's  book  to  be  inoculated  with 
the  fever  of  this  wicked  pastime.  The 
author  is  evidently  a  hardened  sinner  in 
the  matter  of  suppressed  plates,  both  as  a 
student  and  a  collector,  and  it  is  no  part  of 
our  business  to  attempt  to  show  him  the 
error  of  his  ways. 

Mr.  Layard  writes  with  such  extensive 
knowledge  that  it  is  not  easy  to  find  holes 
in  his  armour.  But  he  has  not  gathered 
into  his  net  all  the  examples  of  suppressed 
and  altered  plates  ;  and  the  suggested  trans- 
formation (mentioned  on  p.  5)  of  a  plate  of 
M.  Buffon,  seated,  contemplating  various 
groups  of  animals,  into  one  suitable  for 
'Daniel  in  the  Lions'  Den,'  remindsus  of 
an  incident  connected  with  Jacob  Tonson 
and  Dryden.  The  former  (a  Whig)  was 
anxious  to  have  the  Virgil  of  Dryden  (a 
Tory)  dedicated  to  King  William  ;  but 
failing  in  this,  he  caused  the  figure  of 
yEneas  "  to  be  drawn  like  King  William,  with 
a  hooked  nose."  Clearly  this  is  a  plate 
that  should  have  been  suppressed.  One  of 
Hoppner's  pictures,  a  portrait  of  the  wife  of 
William  Humphrey  the  engraver,  was  en- 
graved by  Phillips,  but  at  the  last  moment 
— not,  we  may  be  sure,  with  the  know- 
ledge of  the.  artist  was  altered  and  called 
Mrs.  Fitzhcrbert,  obviously  a  much  bet  In- 
selling  name. 

There  is  a  good  deal  about  the  Thaokeraj 


plate    of   the    "  Marquis    of   Steyne,"    and 
"  there  can  be  no  possible  doubt,"  in  our 
opinion,  that  the  third  Marquis  of  Hertford 
was    the    prototype    of    the    Steyne    plate. 
Mr.    Layard's    careful    sifting    of    the    evi- 
dence ought    for   all    time    to     settle     this 
disputed  point.     The  third  Marquis,  better 
known,    perhaps,    as   Lord    Yarmouth,   was 
a  boon   companion    of   the   Prince   Regent, 
and,  whatever  his   faults,  he  possessed  the 
artistic     instinct.       Several     of     the    most 
important  pictures  in  the  Royal  collection 
were   bought  by  or  on  the  advice    of  Lord 
Yarmouth,   whose  name  as  purchaser  will 
be     found     entered     in     Messrs.     Christie's 
catalogues    of    the    time    of    the    Regency 
— the  magnificent  Rembrandt,  '  The  Master 
Shipbuilder     and    his   Wife,'     for    instance. 
We     agree    with    Mr.     Layard    that     Lord 
Hertford  "  was  probably  by  no  means  the 
unmitigated  scoundrel  "  that  the  "  Steyne  " 
affair  would  suggest  him  to  have  been.     We 
do  not   think,  however,   that   there  is  any 
good  reason  for  the  belief  (p.  23)  that  the 
lady  when  he  married  in  1798,  Mile.  Maria 
Emily  Fagniani,  was    the    daughter  of  the 
"  Duke "    of    Queensberry    and    an    opera- 
dancer  of  that  name  :    all  that  is  known  is 
that  "  Mie-Mie,"  as  she  was  called,  was  the 
putative   daughter   of   George   Selwyn.     In 
1789-90,  when  Romney  painted  her  portrait, 
she    was    residing    at    Cleveland  Court,    St. 
James's. 

Much  of  the  ground  which  Mr.  Layard 
traverses  is  fairly  familiar  to  collectors, 
but  the  facts  are  brought  together  with  so 
much  skill  that  this  volume  will  rank, 
both  with  those  who  sell  and  those  who  buy 
books,  as  an  acceptable  work  of  reference, 
entertaining  as  well  as  instructive.  We 
have  noticed  a  few  slips,  in  addition  to  the 
above-quoted  "  Duke  "  of  Queensberry, 
who  was  a  marquess.  George  "  Robbins  " 
(p.  13),  the  celebrated  auctioneer,  spelt  his 
name  with  only  one  b ;  and  surely  Mr. 
"  W.  P."  Spencer  (p.  79)  should  be  W.  T. 
Spencer. 

The  Fine-Arts  Publishing  Company 
send  us  the  third  series  of  their  Burlington 
Art  Miniatures.  The  ten  really  good  repro- 
ductions, which  form  the  first  series  of 
those  that  it  is  proposed  to  issue  illustrating 
the  National  Gallery,  are  most  pleasing, 
and  reveal  the  technique  of  each  artist  in  a 
surprisingly  accurate  manner.  The  Romney 
is  singularly  good.  The  success  of  these 
little  mezzogravures  should  be  assuied,  if 
only  authentic  pictures  are  chosen.  The 
"Botticelli"  included  in  the  present  list, 
although  deservedly  popular — it  is,  in  fact, 
one  of  the  most  popular  in  the  Gallery— is 
not  now  accepted  by  the  most  responsible 
critics  as  a  genuine  work  by  the  master. 
It  is,  moreover,  not  the  only  '  Madonna  ' 
in  the  National  Gallery  at  present  labelled 
"  Botticelli,"  and  should,  therefore,  have 
been  given  a  more  distinctive  title.  The 
same  remark  applies  to  the  '  Courtyard  ' 
by  De  Hoogh.  The  usefulness  of  these 
excellent  little  prints  would  bo  considerably 
enhanced  if  each  bore  the  official  number  of 
the  Gallery.  At  the  present  moment  it  is 
impossible  to  buy  in  London,  or  in  Germany, 
popular  reproductions  of  many  of  the  more 
important  pictures  in  the  National  Gallery. 

Sheffield  Plate.  By  Bertie  Wyllie. 
(Newnes.) — It  is  with  no  ordinary  pleasure 
that  we  welcome  this  book,  written  with  a 
complete  knowledge  of  its  subject  both  as 
re«;aids  its  technical  and  artistic  aspects 
and  with  the  view  of  reviving  an  industry 
almost  on  the  verge  of  extinction.  The 
illustrations— some  six  score  in  number — 
will  serve  as  a  guide  to  those  ignorant  of 
Ihe  beauty  of  theso  last  products  of  tho  old 
handicraft    methods    of    working,    and    may 


L36 


T  II  E    ATI!  EN  .i:  0  M 


Xn.  L188,  Feb.  1,  1908 


h.  lp    to    pioservo    othm    tying    abort     un- 
r.  yarded,   and   awaken   their   owner     I 

MUM  Of  their  value      Wt  should  like  I"  offer, 

not  m  ■  .-nticisin,  tli<-  suggestion  that  in  the 
next  edition  of  tfaia  little  handbook  the 
authoi  should  include  ■  few  rpeohnena  of 
the  i„  1  of  the  Birmingham  plate  made  by 
the  same  prooeee.  Mr-  Wyllie  offers  his 
aid  to  any  of  bis  readers  who  may  wish  to 
help  hi  reviving  tins  industry,  by  the  loan 
of  good  examples  to  manufacturers — a  piece 
of  generosity  for  which  the  thanks  of  nil 
lovers  of  fine  things  arc  due  to  him.  His 
book  furnishes  the  information  necessary 
for  distinguishing  this  old  ware  from  the 
modern  electroplate,  and  essays  a  new 
system  of  nomenclature,  designed  to  replace 
the  vague  "  Queen  Anne,"  &c.,  of  the 
■  nd-liand  dealer.  It  further  contains  a 
much-needed  warning  as  to  resilvering. 
1 1  will  bo  useful  and  interesting  not  only  to 
the  collector  and  designer,  but  also  to 
many  households  thoughout  the  country. 

The  Reliquary,  the  oldest  magazine  devoted 
to  archaeological  and  artistic  subjects,  is 
showing  vigorous  life  under  the  editorship 
of  the  Rev.  Dr.  Cox.  The  New  Year's 
number  contains,  besides  the  usual  articles, 
a  series  of  book  reviews,  and  a  conspectus 
of  new  books,  issued  for  the  most  part  during 
September,  October,  and  November.  This 
list  of  books  likely  to  be  useful  to  readers 
of  The  Reliquary,  with  brief  descriptions, 
is  an  excellent  idea,  especially  as  it  does 
not  depend  on  the  receipt  of  volumes  from 
publishers.  It  includes  also  foreign  works 
of  merit. 


WORKS    BY    WOMEN    ARTISTS. 

The  exhibition  of  the  Society  of  Women 
Artists  at  the  Suffolk  Street  Galleries  and 
that  of  the  Women's  International  Art 
Club  at  the  Royal  Institute  Galleries, 
Piccadilly,  teach  us  no  new  thing  in  remind- 
ing us  of  the  large  number  of  women  who 
nowadays  do  a  little  painting. 

Twenty-five  years  ago  only  the  exceptional 
woman  joined  the  impressionist  movement, 
for  to  do  so  was  to  incur  the  ridicule  of 
her  relations.  Now  the  vital  moment  of 
that  movement  has  gone  by  ;  it  has  passed 
into  the  hands  of  copyists  and  popularizers. 
No  wonder  the  number  of  lady  art  students 
swelled  enormously  when  there  was  ready 
for  them  a  school  still  regarded,  in  England 
at  least,  as  the  latest  thing  in  art,  yet  in 
reality  stale  enough  to  have  bred  exponents 
of  a  glib  resume  easily  mastered. 

Necessarily  the  result  has  been  worse  than 
in  the  days  of  the  drawing-master,  for  it 
has  put  into  the  hands  of  the  not  too  serious 
painter  a  weapon  of  infinitely  greater  offen- 
sive power. 

Paradoxical    as  it  may  seem,  the  women 
who    experiment    in   painting    a    little    and 
then  drop  it  are  more  important  than  their 
more     serious     sisters  —  owing     to     their 
number.      The   main  interest,  at  any  rate, 
of    these    exhibitions,    is   as    showing    what 
this     section     are    doing,    for     the    others 
often  do  not  show  in  either  of  them,  but 
take  part  in   the  ordinary  exhibitions  open 
to    men.     At    the    older    society,    however, 
Miss  Lucy  Kemp -Welch  has  a  study  of  a 
mate  and  foal  which  looks  better  than  her 
work  usually  does  at  tho  Academy.     Partly 
this  is  because  of  tho  less  pretentious  scale, 
but   also    becauso,    though   it   is    conceived 
in  a  vein  of  obvious  naturalism,  a  foeling 
for  the  character  of  the  animals   saves   it 
from  dullnoss  ;   while  tho  grit  and  determina- 
tion with  which  tho  artist  has  carried   tho 
study  through  make  it  remarkable  in  a  show 
whero  thoroughness    is  rare.      In  tho  same 
largo  Central  Gallery  wo  observed  a  good 


silvery  landscape  by  Bliss  Violet  Adamson 
(246)  and  two  tan-  studies  1  Model,  by 
Mis.-  Sylviu  Shaw,  and  Herbert  /Lekby  a 
"  Daiey,"  by  Miss  Olive  Branson.  The 
Hill-eide,  by  Hiss  <;raio  Elliott,  with  a 
good  impxession  of  open  space  about  it; 
and  -1  Landscape  in  Surr<;/.  by  Ifiss  R. 
Leggett,  with  somo  foeling  for  tho  ricln. 
of  neutral  colours,  a)  odi   erve  mention. 

In  the  gallery  devoted  to  the  applied 
arts  the  most  fortunate  of  tho  jewellers 
are  those  who  confine  themselves  to  a  kind 
of  design  with  no  pretensions  to  originality, 
bui  some  negative  virtues.  Such  are  M.s. 
Kosooo  Mullins,  Miss  Alice  Gimson,  and 
(in  the  case  of  a  few  of  the  exhibits)  Mi 
E.  M.  Elendy  and  Miss  E.  A.  van  Someren. 
Tho  water -colour  rooms  of  this  gallory  seem 
to  present  much  the  same  appearance, 
whatever  society  occupies  them  ;  but  Miss 
Frances  Nesbit's  Magnolia  emerges  with 
a  welcome  gleam  of  real  colour,  as  does 
also  Miss  Katharine  Turner's  Pinks  ;  while 
a  grey  pastel,  Sand  and  Sea,  Donegal,  by 
Miss  Elinor  Dowson,  is  not  without  merit. 

The  Women's  International  Art  Club 
more  definitely  than  the  Society  of  Women 
Artists  represents  both  the  faults  and  the 
qualities  of  the  newer  teaching.  Disastrous 
as  have  been  its  effects  on  the  rank  and  file 
of  amateurs,  it  has  perhaps  had  the  result 
of  inducing  more  women  to  take  up  art 
seriously,  and  there  is  a  larger  percentage 
of  capable  work  here  than  at  Suffolk  Street ; 
if  there  is  also  more  "paint-slinging."  Miss 
Clare  Atwood's  bright  little  pictures,  Mrs. 
Austin  Brown's  Nasturtiums,  and  Mrs.  Laura 
Knight's  Children  Playing  are  good  examples 
of  the  present  fashion  in  painting ;  while 
Mrs.  Swynnerton's  Hebe  is  the  best  example 
we  have  seen  for  a  long  time  of  her  more 
personal  method.  Madame  Galtier-Bois- 
siere  has  an  honest  Interieur  chez  Rene 
Menard ;  while  the  flaming  Au  Soleil,  by 
Marthe  Stettler,  has,  for  all  its  unpleasant 
quality,  some  real  observation  of  sunlight 
to  support  it. 

There  is  great  technical  dexterity  in  the 
reproductive  wood  engravings  of  Berthe 
Arlen,  Tete  de  Paysan  after  Simon,  and 
another  head  after  Ernest  Laurent.  Among 
the  drawings  several  are  excellent,  as  the 
Dark  Days  of  August,  by  Miss  E.  M.  Lister, 
and  the  Gerovia  and  Cathedral  of  Segovia 
of  Miss  Harriet  Ford.  Miss  Russell 
Roberts's  Street  of  the  Fountain,  Noon, 
Taormina,  is  exactly  the  kind  of  water-colour 
every  one  does  in  the  South ;  but  its  bril- 
liance and  self-sufficiency  make  it  really 
attractive. 


Gryphon  with  tired  feed  and  a  nose  susj  • 

of     snoring.      In     Tht     Pool    of     Tears    th« 
draugntanoanehip  bed  to  such  a  pitch 

of  realism  a-  to  make  the  want  of  refraction 
in    the   hodies  seen   through   the  water  quite 

annoying ;     and    Mr.    Rackham    seems    to 

had  a  slight  difficulty  also  in  t: 
tin-  head  of  Alice,  which  throughout  makes 
a    hole   in    the   conventional    treatment   of 

the   rest   of   the  designs — a  small   patch  of 
painting  deftly,  but  arbitrarily  inserted. 

Mr.  Wynne  Apperley  is  a  painter  of  pro- 
mi-',  but  has  a  considerable  alloy  of  slo|  , 
facility,  of  which  he  might  with  advantage 
rid  himself.  He  has  in  particular  a  kind 
of  dribble  for  rendering  reflections  in  wa 
which  is  tiresome  and  unobservant.  He 
iterprising,  however,  and,  when  an  un- 
expected subject  startles  him  out  of  In- 
ready  recipes,  shows  many  of  the  quali- 
ties of  a  painter.  Thus  The  Edge  of  tin 
Canal,  Dordrecht,  is  a  deep,  ringing  note 
of  colour,  recalling,  as  does  in  a  different 
mood  the  Sunrise,  Venice,  the  confident 
power  of  Brabazon.  The  Poor  Dwellings, 
Venice,  would  benefit  by  a  little  restraint 
from  the  point  of  view  of  colour-design, 
but  is  a  brilliant  achievement  full  of  know- 
ledge. 

The  landscapes  of  the  late  Henry  G.  Moon 
were  not  widely  known.  We  have  seen  a 
few  of  them  in  private  collections,  fewer  still 
in  public  exhibitions ;  but  his  talent  was 
genuine,  and  ripening  into  something  very 
good  indeed.  The  peaceful  landscape  with 
cattle,  Holywell,  St.  Ives  (17),  slumbering 
under  the  golden  light  of  a  summer  after- 
noon, is  an  example  of  Ins  work  at  its  best, 
and  has  great  technical  merits.  The  paint 
is  used  in  full,  yet  fluid  quality  ;  the  form 
fluent,  yet  admirably  firm  in  the  modelling 
of  the  earth  and  sky.  In  drawing  trees 
he  sometimes  pushed  characterization 
beyond  the  suave  generalities  with  which 
Corot  interpreted  such  subjects,  yet  not 
far  enough  to  achieve  the  perfectly  finished 
design  of  nature,  as  Crome  did  in  the  mar- 
vellous oak  now  at  Burlington  House. 
Hence  resulted  a  certain  raggedness.  When, 
as  only  occasionally  happens,  Moon  secures 
a  continuity  of  form  as  perfect  as  the  con- 
tinuity of  tone,  he  stands  between  Corot 
and  (shall  we  say?)  Morland,  and  is  not 
noticeably  inferior  to  either.  Of  work  at 
this  pitch  we  may  cite  the  other  Holywell, 
St.  Ives  (42),  of  singularly  perfect  gradation, 
or  the  large  On  the  River  Ouse  (33). 


THE     LEICESTER     GALLERY. 

The   work   of   all   the   tliree   artists  now 
represented    at    this    gallery    has    decided 
merit.     Of  Mr.   Arthur  Rackham' s  '  Alice  ' 
drawings    it    is    unnecessary    to    speak    at 
length,  for  he  is  one  of  the  few  living  artists 
whose  work  is  now  universally  known.     It  is 
not  quite  a  case  of  measuring  himsolf  with 
Tenniel   at   his   best,    for  indeed   there  are 
very  few  of   Tenniel's  'Wonderland'  draw- 
ings that  can  compare  with  his  later  'Through 
the  Looking-Glass '  series.     When  the  latter 
book   runs   out   of   copyright   we   shall   see 
tested  tho  question  how  far  tho  more  copious 
detail  of  the  later  draughtsman  is  an  advan- 
tage   or    a    disadvantage.     Of    tho    present 
series,  No.  16,  Alice  between  Mock  Turtle  and 
Gryphon,  is  one  of  the  best  colour-schemes, 
the  Turtle  being  a  milky  opal  set  in  gold. 
The  Animals  crowding  round  after  the  Race 
(14)  is  another  good  piece  of  tone,  an  admir- 
able oxamplo  of  Mr.  Rackham' s  moderation 
in  tho  uso  of  colour  ;  and  one  of  the  cleverest 
bits  of  sheer  draughtsmanship  is  tho  little 
illustration  of  the  Gryphon  asloop — a  sonde 


COPIES    OF   VELASQUEZ. 

These  copies  by  M.  Pineda,  to  be  seen 
at  the  South  Kensington  Art  Galleries, 
are  of  considerable  merit,  the  work  of  a 
man  interested  in  Velasquez  rather  on  the 
side  of  his  handling  and  quality  of  paint 
than  on  that  of  draughtsmanship.  The 
Bobo  de  Coria  is  the  most  markedly  success- 
ful, and  after  that  Las  Hilatidcras,  very 
cleverly  done,  and  the  ;Esop,  clever  also, 
but  slightly  incoherent.  Las  Mcninas  is  a 
bad  failure,  and  the  Lances  not  much  better, 
except  for  the  fine  figure  in  green  on  the  ex- 
treme left  of  the  spectator.  Altogether 
the  ability  displayed  is  considerable,  but 
the  painter  would  have  done  better  with 
a  longer  study  of  the  master's  earlier  work. 


oi 


THE    SOCIETY    OF    TWELVE. 

At  Messrs.  Obach's  gallery  are  several  more 
less  interesting  drawings  and  prints  and 
ono  important  work.  The  genre  that  Mr. 
Muirhond  Bone  has  made  his  own  is  narrow 
enough,  but  within  its  limits  he  rs  certamly 
a  master,  and  The  British  Museum  Reading- 


No.  4188,  Feb.  1,  1908 


THE    ATHENiEUM 


137 


Room,  May,  1907  (68),  is  his  magnum  opus 
so  far.  The  wealth  of  detail  is  marshalled 
into  three  main  masses  dexterously  bridged, 
yet  keeping  apart  from  one  another  with 
wonderful  clearness  for  all  the  complexity 
of  their  interior  modelling.  Mr.  Bone  knows 
his  material  so  well  that  he  flings  about 
ropes,  awnings,  pulleys,  and  what  not  with 
the  amplitude  and  abandon  of  an  eighteenth- 
century  Frenchman  handling  cupids  and 
flowers. 

No  one  else  here  has  Mr.  Bone's  combina- 
tion of  freedom  with  exact  definition.  Mr. 
Harvard  Thomas,  however,  has  the  latter 
in  high  degree,  his  Cow  and  Calf  (62),  Girl 
killing  a  Fowl  (65),  and  Man  dancing  a 
Tarantella  (64)  being  capital  examples  of 
the  tense,  exact  draughtsmanship  we  find 
so  agreeable  now  that  it  has  become  rarer 
than  it  was  twenty  years  back.  His  draw- 
ings are  a  little  like  those  of  Gerdme,  though 
with  a  Virgilian  sentiment  to  mitigate  the 
hardness — so  classic,  indeed,  that  one  of  the 
less  satisfactory  studies,  The  Double  Pipe 
Player  (60),  recalls  the  duller  passages  in 
some  of  the  monochromes  of  the  great 
Mantegna. 

The  other  exhibitors  are  hardly  up  to  the 
level  of  these  two,  excepting  M.  Alphonse 
Legros,  who  shows  in  Les  Arbres  au  bord  de 
VEau  (29)  and  the  still  better  he.  Matin  sur 
la  Riviere  (33)  a  couple  of  delicate  little 
pastoral  landscapes  which  mark  him  as  at 
his  happiest  a  master  etcher.  Mr.  John's 
Portrait  of  a  Man  (21)  and  Portrait  of  Mr. 
Charles  McEvoy  (24)  are  his  best  etchings  ; 
the  Study  of  a  Girl  seated  on  the  Ground  (74) 
his  best  drawing.  Mr.  Ricketts  has  one 
pencil  study  (59),  very  expressive  of  move- 
ment ;  while  there  is  merit  of  a  homely  sort 
in  Mr.  Francis  Dodd's  contributions.  Mr. 
Clausen's  Farm  Buildings  (51)  is  a  true 
working  drawing,  giving  the  black-and- 
white  skeleton  for  a  brilliant  study  of  sun- 
light :  and  we  must  mention  also  the  amus- 
ing, if  not  very  serious  Design  executed  for 
the  Zoological  Society  (91),  by  Mr.  William 
Nicholson. 


'POMPEII    AS    AN    ART    CITY.' 

Florence,  Piazza  Independenza,  13,  Dec.  31st,  1907. 

Will,  you  kindly  accord  me  space  for  a 
literary  protest  ? 

The  publishers  Siegle,  Hill  &  Co.  have 
issued  in  "  The  Langham  Series  of  Art 
Monographs,"  with  the  title  '  Pompeii  as 
an  Art  City,'  a  translation  of  my  book 
1  Pompeji  in  seiner  Kunst,'  published  in 
1905  in  Berlin  by  Marquardt  &  Co.  Now 
the  nameless  translator  has  taken  the  liberty 
to  omit  parts  more  or  less  long — in  all  nearly 
120  lines — besides  all  quotations.  I  protest 
against  this  publication,  because — 

1.  From  the  point  of  law,  no  one  outside 
the  author  has  the  right  to  change  the  text 
of  a  work. 

2.  To  translate  a  work  means  to  invite 
the  author  to  exhibit  his  ideas.  But  what 
courteous  host  ever  interrupted  arbitrarily 
the  guest  ?  and  the  omissions  are  such 
impolite  interruptions. 

3.  I  am  not  only  an  art  historian,  but 
in  the  first  place  a  social  reformer.  The 
historical  and  artistic  facts  are  for  me  only 
documents  and  symptoms,  from  which 
I  deduce  my  own  ideas.  My  works  are 
organisms,  and  each  phrase  is  organically 
intended.  It  is  impossible  to  omit  matter 
without  changing  the  sense  and  the  value 
of  my  work,  the  very  ethic  idea. 

For  all  this  I  have  to  protest  against 
this  apocryphal,  incomplete,  maimed  transla- 
tion, which  does  not  even  mention  the  fact 
that  it  is  a  translation  from  a  German 
original.  Dr.  Eduard  von  Mayer. 


THE  AURELIAN  WALL    AT  ROME. 

The  announcement  that  the  Syndic  and 
the  Municipality  of  Rome  have  stayed  fur- 
ther demolition  of  the  Aurelian  wall  is,  so 
far  a?,  it  goes,  satisfactory.  It  cannot,  how- 
ever, be  accepted  as  closing  the  incident. 
The  damage  done  is  irreparable,  since  the 
masonry  can  never  be  restored  to  its  former 
state.  Hence,  in  view  of  the  recurrence  of 
some  similar  act,  which  is  not  unlikely  to 
take  place  under  the  present  municipal 
system  at  Rome,  it  may  fairly  be  expected 
that  the  guardianship  of  the  ancient  monu- 
ments in  the  city  will  be  assumed  by  the 
Ministers  of  the  Crown,  until  such  time  as 
their  conservation  can  be  entrusted  to  a 
committee  responsible  to  the  Italian  nation. 
It  is  clear  that  the  present  Archaeological 
Commission,  which  was  intended  to  serve  as 
a  check  against  heedless  or  wilful  desecra- 
tion of  the  ancient  monuments,  is  incapable 
of  fulfilling  its  appointed  function.  The 
excuse  which  it  has  put  forward — that  it 
was  waiting  for  the  general  public  to  piotest 
against  the  late  destruction  before  taking 
action — is  ludicious,  and,  in  view  of  the 
result  of  its  negligence,  ought  to  ensure  its 
immediate  dissolution.  In  any  case  the  time 
has  arrived  when  the  conseivation  of  monu- 
ments of  such  historical  importance  and 
worldwide  interest  should  be  placed  under 
the  care  of  responsible  persons  who  have  a 
due  sense  of  the  duty  they  have  undertaken 
to  perform. 


JFiiu-^rt  (Gossip. 

At  a  general  assembly  of  Academicians 
and  Associates  held  at  Burlington  House 
on  Thursday  in  last  week  Mr.  George  Clausen 
(painter)  was  elected  a  Royal  Academician  ; 
Mr.  Charles  Sims  (painter)  was  elected  an 
Associate ;  and  M.  Dagnan  -  Bouveret 
(painter)  and  M.  Antonin  Mercie  (sculptor) 
were  elected  Honorary  Foreign  Academicians. 

We  regret  to  hear  of  the  death,  yesterday 
week,  of  Mr.  Joseph  Grego,  the  well-known 
authority  on  prints,  at  the  age  of  sixty-four. 
Mr.  Grego  had  been  a  familiar  figure  in  the 
art  salerooms  of  London  for  a  long  term  of 
years,  either  as  a  buyer  or  seller.  His  know- 
ledge of  engravings  and  costumes  was 
encyclopaedic,  and  his  facility  as  a  draughts- 
man led  to  his  employment  as  a  designer  of 
theatrical  costumes.  Occasional  clearances 
of  his  extensive  accumulations  of  engravings 
never  seemed  to  reduce  the  bulk  of  his 
collection,  for  his  house  in  Granville  Square 
was  always  full  of  objects  of  art  of  every 
description.  Mr.  Grego  was  the  author  of  a 
number  of  books,  the  best  of  which  is  his 
exhaustive  monograph  on  Rowlandson,  pub- 
lished in  two  volumes  in  1880.  Six  years 
later  he  issued  an  entertaining  '  History  of 
Parliamentary  Elections  and  Electioneering 
in  Olden  Days.'  Recently  he  published  a 
work  on  Cruikshank's  water-colour  drawings. 

He  was  the  director  of  the  exhibition  of 
1  The  English  Humorist  in  Art,'  held  at  the 
Royal  Institute  of  Painters  in  Water  Colours 
in  June,  1886  ;  and  his  collection  was  largely 
drawn  upon  for  a  similar  exhibition  held  at 
the  Victoria  Gallery,  Regent  Street,  in 
1889-90.  He  was  also  responsible  for  the 
'Fair Women,'  'Fair  Children,'  and  Rowland- 
son  numbers  of  '  Pears'  Pictorial.'  Ever 
ready  to  lend  prints  and  drawings  to  public 
exhibitions,  Mr.  Grego  was  no  less  generous 
in  imparting  his  stores  of  knowledgo  to  his 
fellow-collectors,  and  his  breezy  urbanity 
will  bo  greatly  missed  at  the  salerooms  he 
haunted. 

A  familiar  figure — that  of  M.  Maurice 
Delestre — has  disappeared  from  the  rostrum 


of  the  Hotel  Drouot  salerooms — happily,  not 
by  death,  but  by  retirement.  M.  Delestre  has 
been  a  piominent  figure  in  the  close  corpora- 
tion of  Paris  commissaires-priseurs  for  nearly 
forty  years,  and  has  conducted  a  large  pro- 
portion of  the  rare  book,  medal,  and  print 
sales  held  in  Paris  during  that  period.  His 
catalogues  were  always  compiled  with  care 
and  accuracy,  and  his  successor  will  have  a 
high  standard  to  keep  up. 


EXHIBITIONS 


Sat.    (Feb.  II.— London  and  Venice,  Water-Colours  by  W.  Walcot. 
Private  View,  Fine-Art  Society. 

—  Sketches  in  Oils,  'Water-Colours,  and  Wax,  the  Work  of  Harry 

Quilter,  1894-1907,  New  Dudley  Gallery. 

—  Water-Colours   and  Pastels   by   E.    H.    C.    Chetwood-Aiken, 

Private  View,  Kyder  Gallery. 

—  Water-Colours     of    Edinburgh    and    Elsewhere,    by     James. 

Paterson,  A.R.W.S.,  Private  View,  Fine- Art  Society. 


MUSIC 


THE   WEEK. 

Co  vent  Garden. — The  *  Ring*  in  English. 

The  production  of  the  whole  of  Wagner's 
'  Ring  '  in  English  is  an  event  of  interest 
and  considerable  moment.  Those  who 
understand  the  language  in  which  a 
foreign  opera  is  written,  whether  German, 
French,  or  Italian,  naturally  prefer  to 
hear  it  with  the  original  libretto  ;  those, 
however,  who  cannot  thus  follow  it  are 
thankful  to  hear  it  in  their  own  tongue. 
Of  course,  even  with  the  best  translation 
there  must  be  a  certain  loss,  yet  in  another 
direction  there  is  undoubted  gain. 
The  experiment  of  giving  the  '  Ring ' 
almost  entirely  by  British  artists  seemed 
bold,  if  not  risky  :  not  because  they  lack 
voices  and  the  ability  to  use  them  properly, 
but  because  they  have  not  the  dramatic 
experience  which  German  artists  have 
enjoyed  for  over  thirty  years. 

To  speak  only  of  '  The  Rhinegold  '  and 
'  The  Valkyrie,'  performed  at  Co  vent 
Garden  on  Monday  and  Tuesday  evenings, 
the  result  has,  however,  been  most  satis- 
factory. In  those  two  sections  the  part 
of  Wotan  assumes  great  importance  ;  in 
'  Siegfried '  he  plays  a  secondary  role, 
while  in  '  The  Twilight  of  the  *  Gods  ' 
he  is  neither  seen  nor  heard.  He  was 
impersonated  by  Mr.  Clarence  Whitehill. 
who  has  already  distinguished  himself 
in  that  part  at  performances  in  German  ; 
thus  it'will  be  sufficient  to  say  that  he  was 
at  his  best ;  moreover,  he  was  one  of  the 
few  whose  enunciation  of  words  was 
exceedingly  clear.  Books  of  words  were 
supplied,  but  with  lights  turned  down 
it  was  impossible  to  follow  the  text  ; 
hence  clear  verbal  utterance  was  of 
importance.  In  addition  to  Mr.  White- 
hill,  Miss  Maud  Santley  (Fricka)  and  Mr. 
E.  C.  Hedmondt  (Loge)  were  in  this  respect 
the  most  promising.  With  a  long  work  like 
the  '  Ring,'  in  which  the  text  counts  for 
so  much,  it  really  seems  as  if  just  enough 
light  might  be  granted  to  enable  the 
audience  from  time  to  time  to  refer  to 
the  words,  if  not  actually  follow  them  from 
beginning  to  end.  It  is  all  very  well  for 
those  who  have  leisure  to  read  the  poems 
over  carefully  beforehand,  but  others  less 
fortunate  would  surely  be  glad  of  a  lit t  It- 
help. 

In  '  Rhinegold  '  three  artists.  Miss  Edna 
Thornton  (Erda),  Mr.  Walter  Hyde  (Froh), 


138 


Til  E     AT  II  KN M;  C  M 


No.  U88,  Feb.  1,  1908 


;i!i(i  Mr.  I-:.  (  Bedmondt,  deserve  tpeoiaJ 
praise.  The  laal  named  wbb  really  an 
exoellenl  Lose,  ezcepl  for  ;i  oertain  lack 
of  variety  of  tone-colour.  In  'The  Val- 
kyrie1 hum  Borghild   Bryhn  repreeented 

Bl  iinnhildr  ;  her  singing  was  most  artistic, 
and  in  the  third  act.  slic  was  really  im- 
pfeerivo.  In  the  second  act,  however, 
she  lacked  dignity  and  authority  ",  either 
the  part  does  not  suit  Iter,  or  she 
was  nervous.  Miss  Agnes  Nieholls  as 
Sieglinde  sang  well,  and  showed  marked 
advance  in  her  acting.  Miss  Maud  Santley 
in  her  rating  of  the  melancholy  god 
displayed  dramatic  instinct. 

Mr.  Walter  Hyde  sang  the  Siegmond 
music  in  the  Hist  act  remarkably  well, 
while  Mr.  Robert  Radford,  who  has  just 
the  right  kind  of  voice  for  Hunding,  also 
deserves  praise.  In  the  third  act  the 
choral  singing  of  the  Valykries  was  clear 
and  strong. 

The  orchestral  playing  throughout  the 
two  evenings  was  excellent.  With  Dr. 
Hans  Richter  as  conductor  this  was  to  be 
•expected,  but  he  must  also  have  been 
ever  on  the  watch  to  assist,  if  occasion 
required,  the  singers. 


The  Life  of  William  Stemdale  Bennett. 
By  his  Son  J.  R.  Sterndale  Bennett.  (Cam- 
bridge, University  Press.) — Among  British 
musicians  William  Sterndale  Bennett  holds 
an  honoured  place.  As  composer  he  gave 
great  promise  at  the  outset  of  his  career, 
but  he  had  to  earn  a  living,  and  teaching, 
which  increased  year  by  year — for  he  was 
much  sought  after — prevented  him  from 
fully  maturing  his  gifts. 

At  the  age  of  twenty  he  went  to  Leipsic, 
and  to  show  what  he  promised  as  composer 
— he  had  already  written  '  The  Lake,  the 
Millstream,  and  the  Fountain,'  the  four 
pianoforte  concertos,  and  '  The  Naiads  ' 
Overture — we  may  quote  the  opinions  of 
Mendelssohn  and  Schumann.  The  former, 
in  a  letter  written  from  Leipsic  to  his  friend 
Attwood  said :  "I  think  him  [Bennett] 
the  most  promising  young  musician  I  know, 
not  only  in  your  country,  but  also  here." 
And  Schumann,  within  a  fortnight  after 
making  his  acquaintance,  wrote  home  to 
Zwickau  describing  him  as  "  a  thorough 
Englishman,  a  glorious  artist,  and  a  beau- 
tiful poetic  soul."  Both  composers  proved, 
the  one  by  producing  Bennett's  works  at 
the  Gewandhaus,  the  other  by  praising 
them  in  his  Neue  Zeitschrift  fur  Musik, 
that  they  were  sincere.  Bennett's  music 
is  said  to  show  the  influence  of  Mendelssohn, 
and  there  is  truth  in  this.  But  there  was 
individuality  as  well,  and  if  the  "all" 
in  Mendelssohn's  comment,  "  Ah  !  that  's 
Bennett,  Bennett,  all  Bennett,"  when  he 
heard  the  '  Wood-Nymphs  '  Overture,  was 
not  exactly  justified,  it  showed  that  he 
recognized  that  individuality. 

Apart,  however,  from  his  music,  Bennett's 
name  deserves  to  bo  held  in  remembrance. 
It  was  largely  owing  to  him  that  Men- 
delssohn came  to  England  in  1842,  and 
that  he  conducted  the  last  five  London 
Philharmonic  Concerts  in  1844.  Then 
Bennett  tried  his  best  to  induce  Schu- 
mann to  come  to  London  in  1850.  In 
a  letter  of  December  15th  he  says  :  "If 
you  will  come,  I  will  endeavour  to  give 
these  concerts  and  introduce  your  composi- 
tions." The  concerts  mentioned  were  two 
proposed    by    Bennett    at    which    Madame 


Schumann  srss  t"  appear  Nothing,  how- 
ever) whs  settled,  hut  it  was  again  through 
Bennett  thai  .Madame  Schumann  made 
het  first  appearanoe  in  London  el  the  Phil- 
harmonic in  L856,  .shortly  before  the  death 

(it  Robert  Schumann.  Many  interesting 
letters  from  the  correspondence  between 
Bennett  OH  the  one  hand  and  Mendelsohn 
and  Schumann  on  the  other  some  in  trans- 
lation— are  published  for  the  first  time. 
Then  Bennett  founded  a  Bach  Society  in 
1849,  the  first  (private)  performance  taking 
place  on  July  29th,  1850,  the  day  after  the 
hundredth  anniversary  of  Bach's  death. 
July  28th  fell  on  a  Sunday — the  very  day, 
by  the  way,  on  which  the  German  Bach 
Society  was  founded.  The  English  one  was 
dissolved  in  1870,  after  having  produced, 
among  other  works,  the  Matthew  '  Passion  ' 
and  eleven  numbers  of  the  Mass  in  b  minor. 
As  for  Bennett's  influence,  the  active 
part  which  he  took  in  the  musical  life  of 
his  day  shows  how  he  helped  to  prepare 
the  way  not  only  for  Schumann,  but, 
indirectly,  also  for  Brahms.  This  biography 
by  his  son  is  most  interesting  ;  for  though, 
of  course,  our  composer  is  the  central 
figure,  the  conversations,  letters  quoted, 
and  other  matters  give  a  picture  of  the 
years  specially  connected  with  Mendelssohn 
more  vivid  than  any  which  have  been 
drawn  by  historians  who  gathered  informa- 
tion solely  from  written  records. 

Leaves  from  the  Journals  of  Sir  George 
Smart.  By  H.  Bertram  Cox  and  C.  L.  E. 
Cox.  (Longmans.) — The  journals  of  a  musi- 
cian who  received  a  practical  lesson  in  the 
art  of  drumming  from  Haydn  ;  who  visited 
Beethoven,  Weber,  Spohr,  and  the  Mendels- 
sohn family  when  their  clever  son  (Felix) 
was  fifteen  years  of  age  ;  and  who  died  only 
two  years  before  the  first  performance  of 
Wagner's  '  Rheingold  '  at  Munich  in  1867, 
cannot  fail  to  be  interesting.  The  "  Leaves  " 
which  deal  largely  with  music  and  musicians 
have  been  selected,  and  these  end  at  the 
Beethoven  Festival  which  took  place  at 
Bonn  in  1845  ;  they  also  contain  many 
accounts  of  celebrities  whom  the  writer 
met,  and  quaint  details  of  his  journeys  on 
the  Continent. 

The  pages  concerning  his  visit  to  Vienna 
in  1825  claim  first  mention.  Smart  met 
Mayseder  and  conversed  with  him  about 
Beethoven's  '  Choral '  Symphony,  and  learnt 
that  Umlauf,  Kletrinsky,  and  Shuppanzigh, 
who  took  part  in  the  first  performance  at 
Vienna  (1824),  "  had  the  story  that  it 
[i.e.,  the  recitative  for  basses]  was  written 
for  Dragonetti  only."  This  probably 
accounts  for  that  recitative  having  been 
played  by  that  celebrated  double-bass 
artist  at  performances  of  the  symphony 
at  the  Philharmonic  Society  after  Smart's 
return  to  London  ;  in  the  Harmonicon 
and  Quarterly  Magazine  notices  of  the  first 
performance  of  the  work  by  that  society 
on  March  21st,  1825,  there  is  no  mention 
of  sucli  a  thing. 

Smart's  first  meeting  with  Beethoven 
was  at  Schlesinger's,  where  many  musicians 
had  assembled  to  hear  the  composer's 
"  second  new  manuscript  quartet,  bought 
by  Mr.  Schlesinger."  This  was  the  great 
one  in  a  minor,  which  our  author, 
somewhat  curiously,  describes  as  "  most 
chromatic."  There  is  a  detailed  description 
of  the  visit  to  Beethoven  at  Baden  in  1825, 
when  Beethoven  wrote  out  for  Smart  a 
canon  with  inscription,  of  which  a  facsimile 
is  given.  Thero  are  also  references  to  Holz, 
who  was  a  kind  of  secretary  to  the  composer 
during  his  last  years  :  and  a  graphic  account 
of  Czerny,  Shuppanzigh,  and  Lincke  playing 
the  two  Trios  (Op.  70),  with  Beethoven, 
near  the  pianoforte,  beating  time. 


#lu5iral  (Gossip. 
Tin    ooi '  eri    at    the  Q  Hull    last 

Sat  in  day     in    memory     of    Joseph    Jouchim 

attracted  a  large  sudu  i  i  •  The  program! 
opened  with  a  chorale  from  Be!  .  Mat- 
thew '  Passion,  appropriate  to  the  occasion, 
and  ended  with  Branms'i  *  Requiem,'  and 
thus  two  of  the  mail  HI  whom  Joachim 
admiied  and   loved   were   represented,      'Die 

Bach  choir,  augmented  by  memlnsi  of  the 
Oxford  Bach  Choir  and  of  the  Gsmbrid 
University  Musical  Society,  sang  well  under 
the  direction  of  Dr.  H.  J'.  Allen.  Lady 
Hall6,  who  was  solo  violinist,  gave  a  fine 
rendering  of  the  noble  dow  movement  from 
Joachim's  Concerto  in  o. 

On  Wednesday  evening  Mr.  Henry  J. 
Wood  conducted  the  opening  concert  at 
Queen's  Hall  of  the  ninety -sixth  season  of 
the  London  Philharmonic  Society,  and  pro- 
vided an  impressive  reading  of  Tscha'ikow- 
sky's  Fifth  Symphony,  though  perhaps  the 
opening  portion  of  the  Andante  might  have 
been  taken  a  shade  faster.  Bach's  Concerto 
in  d  minor  for  two  violins  was  performed  by 
Mr.  Franz  von  Vecsey  and  his  teacher  Mr. 
Jefio  Hubay.  The  Finale  was  rendered  with 
due  vigour,  but  the  tone  in  the  first  move- 
ment was  rough,  while  the  rendering  of  the 
lovely  Largo  was  almost  void  of  feeling. 
Mr.  Hubay  was  represented  by  a  Violin 
Concerto  in  g  minor,  a  cleverly  written 
work.  The  Scherzo  is  effective,  and  the 
Finale  full  of  Hungarian  fire  ;  but  only  the 
romantic  Adagio  made  a  genuine  emotional 
appeal.  The  interpreter  of  the  solo  part 
was  Mr.  Vecsey,  and  he  conquered  its  many 
technical  difficulties  with  skill  and  apparent 
ease. 

The  first  concert  of  the  newly  formed 
Dublin  Philharmonic  Society  was  given  last 
week  in  the  Antient  Concert -Rooms,  Dublin. 
This  Society,  founded  last.  October  under  the 
presidency  of  the  Attorney -General  for  Ireland, 
is  intended  to  fill  the  place  occupied  by  the 
Orpheus  Choral  Society,  of  which  the  late 
Dr.  Culwick  was  the  founder  and  conductor. 
Mr.  C.  G.  Marchant,  conductor  of  the  College 
Choral  Society,  is  also  conductor  of  the  Phil- 
harmonic Society,  and  under  his  baton  the 
new  choir  gave  creditable  renderings  of 
various  choruses. 

Edwaed  Alexander  MacDowell,  who 
for  nearly  three  years  had  been  suffering 
from  cerebral  collapse,  was  released  from 
suffering  on  January  24th .  He  was  born  in 
New  York  in  1861,  and  after  studying  at  the 
Paris  Conservatoire,  and  in  Germany  under 
Ehlert  and  Raff,  teaching,  and  concert  tour- 
ing, he  returned  to  Boston  in  1888,  and  in 
1896  was  elected  to  the  Chair  of  Music  in 
Columbia  University.  MacDowell  was  the 
most  prominent  of  American  musicians  :  his 
compositions  include  Symphonic  Poems, 
pianoforte  concertos,  sonatas,  a  number  of 
excellent  songs,  &c.  He  appeared  at  a 
London  Philharmonic  Concert  in  1902. 

Prof.  Wilhelmj,  the  noted  violinist, 
passed  away  on  January  23rd,  at  the  age  of 
62.  He  studied  the  violin  under  Ferdinand 
David,  and,  like  MacDowell,  composition 
under  Raff.  His  fame  as  a  violinisi  was 
great,  but  he  will  be  best  remembered  as 
leader  of  the  Bayreuth  orchestra  at  the  pro- 
duction of  the  'Ring'  in  1876,  and  as 
having  organized  the  Wagner  Albert  Hall 
concerts  in  the  following  year. 


S.N. 


Mos. 

TlKS. 


PERFORMANCES  NEXT  WEEK. 

Concert.  3.30.  Albert  Hall. 

Sumlay  Society  Concert.  ;:  SO,  Queen's  Hall. 

Bonday  Laagvt  Concert,  7.  Queen's  Hall. 

Royal  Opera,  Covent  Garilen. 

Barns  Phillips  Quartet,  :i.  lkvhstein  Hall. 

Royal  Opera.  Covent  »i:mlen. 

Miss  Marie  Halls  Violin  Keeit.il.  3.  Queen's  HalL 

\\  MMb  Quartet.  :'■■  Bechstein  Hall. 

Miss  Rosamund  I/ev's  Hanoforte  Recital.  8.  Beehstein  Hall. 

Stock  Exchange  Orchestral  Concert.  8.30,  Queen's  Hall. 


No.  4188,  Feb.  1,  1908 

Thubs.  Mr.  Willy  Burmester's  Violin  Recital,  3,  Bechstein  Hall. 

—  Royal  Opera,  Covent  Garden. 

Fri.  Mr.  Arthur  Hammond's  Vocal  Recital,  3,  Bechstein  Hall. 

Sat.  Chappell's  Ballad  Concert,  2.30,  Queen's  Hall. 

—  Brinsmead  Chamber  Concert,  3.15.  Cavendish  Rooms. 

—  Krusc  Quartet,  3. is,  Bechstein  Hall. 

—  Royal  Opera,  Covent  Garden. 


DRAMA 


THE    ATHENAEUM 


139 


THE  WEEK. 
New     Royalty. — Susannah — and     some 

Others :    a   Comedy  of  Sentiment.     By 

Maria  Albanesi. 
It  seems  almost  cruel  to  say  anything  in 
dispraise  of  Madame  Albanesi's  first  effort 
at  dramatic  composition,  inasmuch  as  the 
piece  has  already  ended  its  brief  stage 
career.  It  had  its  merits  —  sparkling 
comedy  dialogue,  prettily  written  love- 
scenes,  and  character-drawing  which,  at 
least  in  the  case  of  the  women  of  the  play, 
was  true  to  life  and  showed  a  rather 
subtle  observation.  But  the  novelist's 
initial  mistake  lay  in  imagining  that  talk 
could  take  the  place  of  drama,  and  that 
she  could  employ  the  technique  of  fiction 
in  the  playhouse.  We  want  something 
more  at  the  theatre  than  leisurely  narra- 
tion. A  mere  story  that  meanders 
along  without  gathering  force,  a  drama 
that  does  not  pulsate  with  emotion, 
or  advance  steadily  towards  a  goal, 
is  out  of  place  on  the  stage,  where 
character  may  and  should  be  developed 
by  conversation,  but  not  at  the 
expense  of  movement.  Now  Madame 
Albanesi  seems  to  think  that  if  she  sets 
her  men  and  women  talking  naturally,  has 
an  idea  for  her  story,  rounds  off  certain 
lengths  of  dialogue  into  acts,  gets  one  or 
two  emotional  situations,  and  brings  her 
tale  gradually  to  an  end,  she  has  produced 
a  drama.  But  apart  from  her  lack  of 
constructive  ability  she  committed 
another  error  in  her  first  play — that  of 
confusing  the  audience  about  a  fact  all 
important  to  her  theme.  No  doubt  in 
the  novel  on  which  her  piece  was  founded 
she  made  quite  clear  the  nature  of  the 
relations  between  Lady  Corneston  and 
Adrian  Thrale.  But  Royalty  playgoers 
were  left  constantly  wondering  what  had 
happened  between  the  pair  before  the 
start  of  the  play,  and  whether  they  had 
been  guilty  of  only  an  indiscreet  flirtation 
or  of  more  serious  misdemeanour.  Adop- 
tion of  the  latter  alternative  would  make 
more  plausible  Lady  Corneston's  feverish 
dread  of  her  husband's  return,  and  her 
insistence  on  Adrian  and  her  innocent 
young  sister  Susannah  pretending  to  be 
engaged  to  one  another.  With  the  pair 
falling  in  love  and  making  a  reality  of 
their  imposture,  and  with  Susannah's 
hearing  from  a  jealous  rival  of  her  lover's 
and  her  sister's  previous  intrigue,  there 
were  the  makings  of  a  strong,  if  mournful 
drama.  But  apparently  the  revelation 
which  so  distressed  Susannah  was  a  he, 
and  all  her  tears  and  anger  with  her  lover 
were  wasted  over  a  misunderstanding. 
In  that  case  what  was  the  story  that 
Lady  Corneston  was  so  relieved  not  to 
have  to  tell  her  husband  ?  This  is  an 
idle  question  now,  for  the  play  is  dead. 
But  even  an  obituary  notice  should  not 
omit  to  mention  Miss  Gertrude  Kingston's 


clever  sketch  of  Susannah's  egotistical 
feather-brained  sister  ;  the  sound  acting 
of  Mr.  Dawson  Milward  and  Miss  Florence 
Haydon  in  other  parts  ;  and  the  pretty 
performance  of  Miss  Nina  Sevening, 
whose  very  inexperience  lent  piquancy 
to  her  impersonation  of  the  girl  heroine. 


Stage  Society. — Cupid  and  Common- 
sense  :  a  Play  in  Four  Acts.  By 
Arnold  Bennett. 

Here  is  another  play  founded  on  a  novel 
and  marred  by  just  such  defects  as  those 
of  Madame  Albanesi's  work.  The  best 
features  of  Mr.  Arnold  Bennett's  piece  are 
reproduced  from  the  novel.  In  the  first 
place  we  are  offered  faithful  studies  of 
life  and  character  in  the  Pottery  towns. 
Next  we  obtain  a  portrait,  hit  off  with 
vigorous  strokes,  of  a  grim,  close-fisted, 
despotic  father  whose  children  five  in 
constant  dread  of  his  severity  and  ill- 
humour.  Lastly  Mr.  Bennett  describes 
the  almost  unconscious  romance  of  a  girl 
who — brought  up  amid  the  bald  and 
unlovely  surroundings  of  the  Black 
Country,  and  trained  to  worship  of  wealth, 
restraint  of  natural  impulses,  and  im- 
patience with  life's  failures — follows  in 
a  certain  case  of  conscience  the  promptings 
of  compassion,  and  discovers  that  the 
unlucky  lad  whom  she  pities  and  protects 
she  also  loves.  But  at  the  Stage  Society's 
production  at  the  Shaftesbury  Theatre 
these  things  did  not  produce  their  proper 
effect  for  a  very  simple  reason  :  the  author 
had  failed  to  rewrite  his  story  in  terms  of 
drama.  Obviously  the  play  was  bound 
to  turn  on  a  growing  conflict  of  opinion 
between  father  and  daughter — between 
the  old  man  who  expected  the  heiress, 
though  of  age,  to  let  him  keep  control  of 
her  wealth  and  to  sanction  all  his  brutal 
and  relentless  methods  of  increasing  it, 
and  the  girl  who  found  herself  committed 
to  a  war  of  extermination  on  the  unfor- 
tunate and  the  helpless.  But  in  his 
drama  Mr.  Bennett  tells  his  tale  in  much 
the  same  easygoing  manner  that  he 
adopted  in  his  book,  '  Anna  of  the  Five 
Towns.'  He  occupies  one  act  in  letting 
the  heroine  know  she  has  inherited  a 
fortune  and  in  illustrating  her  father's 
harsh  nature.  Another  is  spent  in  showing 
the  tepid  courtship  of  Alice  by  her  future 
husband,  and  in  giving  fresh  proof  of  old 
Eli  Boothroyd's  tyrannical  ways  and 
ruthlessness  towards  those  in  his  power. 
The  son  of  a  struggling  manufacturer 
whom  Eli,  as  his  daughter's  representa- 
tive, is  squeezing  more  and  more  tightly 
for  back|rent  comes  periodically  upon  the 
scene  to  implore  the  girl  for  mercy  and 
to  tell  of  his  father's  increasing  despera- 
tion. The  first  act  and  the  second 
mark  arbitrary  divisions  of  the  story, 
and  it  is  not  till  we  reach  the  third, 
in  which  Alice  hears  that  the  boy's  father 
has  killed  himself  and  that  the  boy  has 
forged  a  bill  in  old  Eli's  possession,  that 
we  get  real  drama.  The  one  important 
variation  from  his  novel  which  Mr. 
Bennett  makes  is  not  happy.  In  a  last  act 
which  recalls  the  epilogue  of  Mr.  Pinero's 


'  Letty,'  the  young  forger  is  brought  back 
from  abroad  after  six  years,  married, 
successful,  and  blatant,  and  we  watch 
Alice,  whose  husband  has  risen  to  local 
fame,  marvelling  that  she  could  have 
idealized  such  a  vulgarian.  This  conclu- 
sion is  cynical  without  being  convincing. 
The  lad  of  the  first  three  ar  ts  would  hardly 
have  undergone  such  a  transformation. 
Mr.  Bennett's  interpreters  were  more 
satisfactory  than  his  play,  Miss  Lucy 
Wilson  and  Mr.  Fisher  White  being 
admirable  in  the  characters  of  Alice  and 
her  father. 


Haymarket. — Her  Father  :  a  Play  in 
Four  Acts.  Adapted  from  MM.  Guinon 
and  Bouchinet's  '  Son  Pere  '  by  Michael 
C.  Morton. 

The  Parisian  success  of  the  delightful 
play  which  now  fills  the  bill  of  the  Hay- 
market  Theatre  has  been  regarded  in 
some  quarters  as  signifying  a  change  of 
taste  in  French  playgoers,  as  preluding  a 
revival  of  the  cult  of  innocence.  Here, 
though  no  one  having  the  interests  of  the 
English  drama  at  heart  can  wish  for  a 
re-establishment  of  the  tyranny  of  the 
young  person,  we  can  heartily  welcome 
a  play  which  rejects  the  commonplaces 
of  sexual  passion,  regular  or  irregular,  and 
deals  instead — piquantly  too — with  a  sub- 
ject which  our  own  stage  has  deplorably 
neglected,  that  of  paternal  sentiment. 
No  doubt  we  do  not  quite  get  in  '  Her 
Father '  the  original  play.  That  Mr. 
Morton  transfers  the  scene  in  which  the 
heroine  brings  about  the  reconciliation  of 
her  parents  from  the  father's  town  house 
to  the  mother's  flat  is  no  change  for  the 
worse.  But  the  adapter  has  rather  slurred 
over  the  father's  rakishness,  which,  as  the 
cause  of  his  wife's  long  separation  (in  the 
French  text  divorce)  from  him,  lies  at 
the  basis  of  the  play,  and  explains  why 
his  daughter,  on  her  enforced  visit  to  him, 
adopts  at  first  so  frigid  and  condemnatory 
an  attitude.  Mr.  Arthur  Bourchier,  again, 
does  not  realize  the  tired  man  of  pleasure, 
but  makes  the  father  bluff  and  genial, 
and  lays  no  stress  on  his  refined  sensuous- 
ness,  which,  as  appealing  to  a  similar 
quality  in  the  girl,  helps  towards  his 
gradual  conquest  of  his  daughter's  affec- 
tions. Mr.  Bourchier,  however,  acts  with 
such  delicacy  and  lightness  of  touch — 
he  illustrates  so  happily  the  man's 
enthusiasm  over  his  daughter's  advent, 
his  despair  at  her  averted  face  and  curt 
answers,  his  patience  with  her  wilfulness 
and  ungraciousness,  his  delight  at  her 
growing  friendliness,  and  his  gratitude 
for  her  love  when  at  length  it  is  awakened 
— that  the  little  that  is  missing  in  the 
performance  seems  hardly  worth  men- 
tioning. Still,  Miss  Marie  Lohr's  is  the 
triumph  of  the  representation  ;  good  as 
she  was  in  '  My  Wife,'  she  is  better  in 
'Her  Father.'  Throughout  the  ordeal  of 
the  first  night  she  remained  perfectly 
natural  and  charming.  As  the  mother 
Miss  Henrietta  Watson  had  her  emotional 
chance,  and  made  the  most  of  it,  in  the 
reconciliation — an  affecting  and  well* 
planned  scene. 


to 


T  II  E     AT  II  KNjEUM 


No.  4188,  Feb.  1,  1008 


Tsbbt*&       The     Oremgt      Bhuom  :      a 
Farcical   Comedy   in    Thru    Arts.     By 

Victor  Widncll. 
Thosi  u  h<>  like  t  lu-  meohanica]  sort  of 

fun,  and  can  respond  to  il  With  mechanical 

laughter,  will  ehfoy  Mr.  Widnell'e  new 
t.U'C.  and  probably  be  amazed  at   the 

amount  of  entertainment  with  which 
they  are  provided  at  Terry's.  For  'The 
Orange  Blossom '  differs  from  no  other 
play  of  its  inconsequent  and  utterly  im- 
probable type  except  in  the  extent  of  its 
material,  which  might  equip  two  ordinary 
farces.  The  heroine  is  a  married  woman 
who  has  founded  a  paper  with  the  philan- 
thropic purpose  of  enabling  worthy  young 
couples  to  marry,  and  involves  herself  by 
her  matchmaking  in  various  awkward 
predicaments.  Her  husband  has  com- 
mitted the  customary  indiscretion  of  the 
married  man  of  farre,  and  tells  the  usual 
lies  to  his  wife,  and  makes  the  usual 
frantic  endeavours  to  avoid  meeting  the 
lady  with  whom  he  has  committed  him- 
self. The  big  scene  of  the  play  is  one  in 
which  two  women  wreck  a  room — the 
office  of  a  foreign  embassy.  Miss  Gran- 
ville is  the  most  prominent  member  of  the 
company. 

Drama    and    Life.     By    A.    B.    Walkley. 
(Methuen    &    Co.) — Mr.    Walkley   writes    of 
the  theatre  with  an  appearance  of  ease  such 
as    his    fellow-craftsmen    must    despair    of 
emulating.     There  is  a  lightness   of   touch 
about  his  pen  that  makes  his  notices  of  the 
dullest  plays  entertaining  reading.     He  is, 
in  fact,  that  rara  avis  in  dramatic  criticism,  a 
wit,  and  a  wit  who  is  generally  urbane.     At 
the    same    time    he    possesses    an    enviable 
faculty  for  putting  into  print  exactly  how 
he  is  affected  by  a  particular  drama  or  piece 
of  acting.     Mr.  Walkley  was  the  first  English 
journalist    to    apply    to    the    theatre    the 
methods     of     "  impressionistic  "     criticism. 
But  there  are  impiessions  and  impressions. 
What  a  spectator  takes  away  from  the  play- 
house  depends  very  much    upon  what    he 
carries  there — upon  his  experience  of  life,  his 
mental  and  emotional  alertness,  liis  ability 
to     make    comparisons,     and     his    general 
intellectual  outfit.     Mr.   Walkley  brings  to 
the   theatre   not    only   a   highly   cultivated 
mind    and    a   wide    knowledge    of    English, 
French,   and  classical   drama,   but   also   an 
understanding  of  the  world  as  it  is  which 
prevents  him  from  being  so  dazzled  by  the 
footlights  as  to  get  a  false  perspective  of 
life ;     and   though   he   must    have   sat   out 
several  hundreds  of  plays,  he  is   still   able 
to  apply  to  the  service  of  his  craft  emotions 
unstaled     and     an     intelligence    unwearied 
by  familiarity  with  the  stage.     The  peril  of 
dramatic  criticism  is  a  habit  of  boredom — 
a  paralysis  of  sympathy  ;    what  the  taster 
of  plays  has  always  to  guard  against  is  the 
possibility  of  his  nerves  failing  to  respond 
to  the  stimulus  of  the  dramatist  or  the  actor. 
Mr.  Walkley  has  never  encouraged  in  himself 
any  such  tendency.     He  discourses  on  new 
plays  to-day  with  the   interest  and,  when- 
ever  possible,    the   enthusiasm   of   eighteen 
or  nineteen  years  ago  ;  he  is  still  perpetually 
on  the  look-out  for  fresh  sensations,  fresh 
ideas,  fresh  authors,  and — in  a  lesser  degree 
— fresh  actors.     A  man  of  the  world  who 
nevertheless    possesses    a    keen    sensibility, 
a  critic  of  catholic  tastes  who,  while  advocat- 
ing a  high  standard  of  art,  has  never  per- 
mitted himself   to   be  the   slave  of  a  fad, 
Mr.  Walkley  is  in  a  happy  position  when  he 
sets  to  work   to  dissect  his  own  emotional 


and  mental  states  in  the  playhouse.  In 
OOnductinn  tlmt   process  he  strives  resolutely 

against  the  intrusion  <>t'  prejudice  <>r  con- 
ventionality, or  even,  till  they  have  been 
tested  i'.\    new   experience,  the  formula  of 

authority. 

A  good  instance  of  the  honesty  with 
which  he  examines  his  impressions  is  afforded 
by  the  notice  of  Kuripidcs  s  '  Klectra  '  which 
he  includes  in  his  lately  published  volume  of 
criticisms  and  critical  essays  contributed 
to  tho  pages  of  The  Times  and  The  Edin- 
burgh Review.  Therein  he  asks  roundly, 
"  What  is  the  precise  amount  of  pleasure — 
pleasure  proper  to  the  art  of  drama — which 
we  derive  "  from  this  particular  play  at  its 
particular  representation  ?  and  he  tries  to 
answer  his  question,  as  far  as  his  own  feel- 
ings go,  with  complete  candour.  That  is  the 
spirit  and  the  attitude  in  which  he  ap- 
proaches his  subjects,  whatever  they  may 
be — plays  of  Shakspeare,  Euripides,  Mr. 
Bernard  Shaw,  Mr.  Pinero,  Mr.  Barrie  ; 
acting  of  Henry  Irving,  Eleonora  Duse, 
Rejane,  Sarah  Bernhardt. 

But  perhaps  more  interesting  than  these 
records  of  effects  produced  by  individual 
plays  and  performances  are  the  discursive 
papers  which  precede  them.  There  is  a 
brilliant  article,  for  example,  contrasting 
the  French  and  English  stage,  and  analyzing 
to  a  nicety  the  characteristics  of  the  art  of 
M.  Brieux  and  M.  Hervieu  on  the  one  hand 
and  that  of  our  chief  playwrights  on  the 
other.  Masterly,  too,  is  the  essay  in  which 
the  critic  developes  what  he  considers  to  be 
the  main  differences  between  the  modern 
and  the  older  drama  from  his  favourite  thesis 
that  the  stage  of  the  Elizabethans  and 
ancients  was  a  platform  stage,  while  ours 
is  a  picture  stage,  and  that  the  drama  of  old 
time  was  therefore  rhetorical,  while  ours 
to-day  is  the  drama  of  illusion.  With  this 
idea,  however,  Mr.  Walkley  has  now  familiar- 
ized his  readers,  and  what  may  be  regarded 
as  the  newest  feature  of  Ms  book  is  the 
notion  which  he  broaches  in  a  paper  dis- 
cussing the  dramatic  '  Laws  of  Change.' 
After  distinguishing  between  the  "  colour  " 
of  a  play  and  its  form,  and  defining  "colour" 
as  the  particular  quality  of  the  appeal 
which  the  play  makes  to  the  spectator's 
emotions,  he  concludes  that  modern  drama 
is  becoming  polychromatic,  whereas  the 
older  drama,  with  its  clear-cut  distinctions 
of  tragedy  and  comedy,  melodrama  and 
farce,  may  be  called  monochromatic 

Mr.  Walkley,  by  the  way,  may  be  amused 
to  learn  that  he  attributes  the  famous 
definition  of  a  classic  as  "  energique,  frais, 
et  dispos  "  on  p.  138  to  Sainte-Beuve,  and 
on  p.  5  to  Goethe. 


MESSRS.   BELLS 

BOOKS. 


To  Correspondents.— D.  C.  B.— H.  W.— M.  W.  B.— 
C.  J.— E.   D.—  Received. 

R.  M.  R.  (Brisbane)— Not  suitable  for  us. 

We  cannot  undertake  to  reply  to  inquiries  concerning  the 
appearance  of  reviews  of  books. 


INDEX  TO  ADVERTISERS. 


TACK 

Authors'  Agents       lis 

Bagster  &  Sons        142 

Bell  &  Sons 140 

Cambridge  University  Press list 

Catalogues       lis 

Educational 117 

Exhibitions      11" 

Barper  iv  Bros 143 

IlKlNEMANN           143 

Hurst  &  Blackett 120 

Lane          U0 

Macmii.lan  &  Co 120 

Magazines,  &c 118 

Miscellaneous 118 

Murray 143 

Oxford  University  Press         141 

Religious  Tract  Society  ..       ..       _       ..       ..119 

Bales  by  Auction lis 

situations  Vacant 117 

Situations  Wanted 117 

Smith,  Elder  &  Co 144 

Typewriters,  &c 118 


BEADY  FEB.  4,  fcap.  4to,  14-.  net 

THE    ITINERARY    OF    JOHN 
LELAND 

Newly  Edited  from  the  MSS. 

By    LUCY    TOULMIN    SMITH. 

Vol.    II.    Containing    Parts    IV.    and    V. 

It  is   proposed  to  complete   thiH  edition  in  five 

volumes,  of  which  Vol.  I.  (containing  Parts  i.-iii. ), 

price    18*.    net,    and    Vol.     III.    (containing    the 

'Itinerary    in    Wales'),     price    LOv,    60T.    net,    are 

already  published. 

LES    CLASSIQUES    FRANCAIS 
ILLUSTRES. 

Publics  sous  la  direction  de  DANIEL  O'CONNOR. 

Small  crown  8vo,  with  8  Full-Page  Illustrations  in 
Colour  and  29  in  Black  and  White,  5*.  net. 

READY  FEBRUARY  4. 

GEORGE  SAND: 
LA    MARE    AU    DIABLE. 

Notice  Analytique  de  C.  A.  SAINTE-BEUVE. 
Illustrations  de  GERTRUDE  LESSE. 

ALREADY  PUBLISHED. 

GEORGE    SAND: 
LES  MAITRES   SONNEURS. 

Preface    d'EMILE     FAGUET,     de     rAcademie 
Francaise. 

Illustrations  de  M.  V.  WHEELHOUSE. 
Illustrated  Prospectus  on  application. 

READY   FEBRUARY    4,    crown    8vo,    6a.    net. 

THE    BLACK    DEATH    OF 
1348  and  1349. 

By   the    Right    Rev.    F.    A.   GASQUET,    D.D., 

Abbot  President  of  the  English  Benedictines. 

New  and  Revised  Edition. 

BOHN'S    STANDARD    LIBRARY. 

3  vols,  small  post  Svo,  3*.  6(7.  each. 

A  HISTORY  OF   THE  POPES. 

By  LEOPOLD  VON  RANKE. 

Translated  by  E.  FOSTER. 

New  and  Revised  Edition,  with  considerable 

Additions. 

Also  in  limp  leather,  3.«.  net  each. 
*#*  This  edition  has  been  revised  throughout  by 
the  latest  German  edition,  the  chapters  on  Pius  IX. 
and  the  Vatican  Council  have  been  translated  for 
the  first  time,  and  a  new  and  very  full  Index  has 
been  added. 

NOW    READY,    crown    Svo,    5ft,    net. 

MONEY  and  CREDIT  INVEST- 
MENTS IN  THEIR  RELATION 
TO  GENERAL   PRICES. 

By    EDWIN   WALTER   KEMMERER,    Ph.D., 
Assistant  Professor  of   Political   Economy   in 

Cornell  University. 

("Cornell   Studies    in   History  and    Political 

Science."     Vol.  I.) 


London  :  GEORGE  BELL  &  SONS, 
York  House,  Portugal  Street. 


No.  4188,  Feb.  1,  1906 


THE     ATHENAEUM 


141 


OXFORD    UNIVERSITY    PRESS. 


ANCIENT    BRITAIN 
AND  THE  INVASIONS 
OF    JULIUS    CAESAR. 


By  T.  BICE  HOLMES.  With  44  Illustrations  and  4 
Maps.     8vo,  21s.  net. 

Athenmim. — "The  vast  array  of  reading  it  displays 

shows  no  sign  of  hurry  or  of  scamping  a  great  subject 

This  most  learned  and  suggestive  book." 

SECOND  EDITION  IMMEDIATELY. 

THE  EARLY  HISTORY 
OF   INDIA. 

From  600  B.C.  to  the  Muhammadan  Conquest. 

Including  the  Invasion  of  Alexander  the  Great.  By 
V.  A.  SMITH.  With  Maps,  Plans,  and  other  Illustrations. 
8vo,  14s.  net. 

Athenaeum.  — "  Mr.  Vincent  Smith  may  claim  to  have 

done  a  work  which  eminently  needed  doing It  is  to  be 

hoped  that  authors  of  manuals  of  Indian  history  will  take 
due  note  of  this  achievement,  and  revise  their  compilations 
accordingly." 


BONAPARTISM. 


Six  Lectures  delivered  in  the  University  of  London. 
H.  A.  L.  FISHER.     8vo,  3s.  6d.  net. 


By 


FREDEKIC    WILLIAM 
MAITLAND. 


Two  Lectures  and  a  Bibliography. 
8vo,  2s.  6d.  net. 


By  A.  L.  SMITH. 

[Immediately. 


A  CALENDAR  OF  THE  COURT 
MINUTES,  &c,  OF  THE  EAST 
INDIA  COMPANY,  1635-1639. 

By  ETHEL  BRUCE  SAINSBURY.  With  an  Introduc- 
tion and  Notes  by  WILLIAM  FOSTER.  (Published 
under  the  Patronage  of  His  Majesty's  Secretary  of  State 
for  India  in  Council.)    8vo,  cloth,  12s.  6d.  net. 

THE  ENGLISH  FACTORIES  IN 
INDIA,  1618-1621. 

By  W.  FOSTER.  (Published  under  the  Patronage  of 
His  Majesty's  Secretary  of  State  for  India  in  Council. ) 
8vo,  12s.  6cZ.  net. 

English  Historical  Review. — "Mr.  Foster  has  shown 
himself  already  an  ideal  editor,  and  the  present  volume 
is  in  every  way  no  less  admirable  than  have  been  its 
predecessors.     It  contains  valuable  material." 

ENGLISH  SOCIETY  IN  THE 
ELEVENTH   CENTURY. 


Essaya  in    English   Mediaeval  History. 
VINOGRADOFF.     8vo. 


By  Dp.  PAUL 

[Immediately. 


THE  WORKS   OF   ARISTOTLE. 

Translated  into  English  under  the  Editorship  of 
J.    A.    SMITH,   and  W.    D.    ROSS.      Part  I. 

THE    PARVA    NATURALIA. 

DE  SENSU  ET  SENSIBILI.  DE  MEMORIA  ET  RE- 
MINISCENTIA.  DE  SOMNO.  DE  SOMNIIS.  DE 
DIVINATIONE  PER  SOMNUM.  By  J.  I.  BEARE. 
DE  LONGITUDINE  ET  BREVITATE  VITAE.  DE 
IUVENTUTE  ET  SENECTUTE.  DE  VITA  ET  MORTE. 
DE  RESPIRATIONE.     By  G.  R.  T.  ROSS. 

TWO  OXFORD  PHYSIOLOGISTS. 

RICHARD  LOWER,  1631  to  1691 ; 
JOHN  MAYOW,  1643  to  1679. 

By  F.  GOTCH.     8vo,  paper  covers,  Is.  net. 

LIST  OF  BRITISH  PLANTS. 

Containing  the  Spermophytes,  Pteridophytes  and  Charads, 
found  either  as  Natives  or  growing  in  a  Wild  State  in 
Britain,  Ireland,  and  the  Channel  Isles.  By  G.  C.  DRUCE. 
Fcap.  8vo,  paper  covers,  2s.  6d.  net ;  cloth,  interleaved, 
3s.  6d.  net. 

KNUTH'S  HANDBOOK  OF 
FLORAL    POLLINATION. 

Based  upon  Hermann  Midler's  work,  '  The  Fertilization  of 
Flowers  by  Insects.'  Translated  by  J.  R.  AINS WORTH 
DAVIS.  Vol.  II.  OBSERVATIONS  ON  FLOWER 
POLLINATION  MADE  IN  EUROPE  AND  THE 
ARCTIC  REGIONS.  Part  I.  Ranunculaceae  to 
Stylidieae,  with  210  Figures  in  the  Text  and  a  Portrait 
of  Hermann  Midler.  Immediately.  (Previously  pub- 
lished, Vol.  I.  INTRODUCTION  AND  LITERATURE. 
Morocco  back,  21.s.  net;  cloth,  18s.  net.) 

ESSAYS  ON  EVOLUTION, 
1889—1907. 

By  E.  B.  POULTON.     8vo.  [Immediately. 

QUARTERLY  JOURNAL 
OF  MEDICINE. 

Edited  by  WILLIAM  OSLER,  J.  ROSE  BRADFORD, 
R.  HUTCHINSON,  A.  E.  GARROD,  H.  D.  ROLLES- 
TON,  and  W.  HALE  WHITE.  Vol.  I.  No.  2,  8&  (vl. 
net ;  Annual  Subscription,  25s. 

Athena'um.—'1  The  excellence  of  the  articles  in  the 
first  number  should  cause  it  to  be  received  with  the 
greatest  favour." 

STUDIES    IN   THE   MEDICINE 
OF  ANCIENT  INDIA. 

Part  I.  OSTEOLOGY,  or  THE  BONES  OF  THE 
HUMAN  BODY.  By  A.  F.  RUDOLF  HOERNLK, 
CLE.     Demy  Svo,  cloth,  10s.  Gd. 

Athauvum. — "Marks  a  new  epooh  in  our  knowled  e 

of   medicine Prof.     Hoernlo    has    executed    his    task 

with  the  utmost  fidelity.  He  identifies  the  hone-. 
makes  important  emendations,  and  gives  commentaries 
in  the  original  with  a  literal  translation  of  each." 

ANNALS    OF    BOTANY. 

Edited    by  I.    BAYLEY.    P.M. FOUR,   I).    H.   SCOTT, 

J.  B.  FARMER,  and  H.  THAXTER,  assisted  by  Other 
Botanists.     Vol.  XXII.   No.   LXXXV.     Royal  Sv'<>,    IK 


London:   HENRY  FRO WDE,  Oxford   University  Press,  Amen  Corner,  B.C. 


II 


T  II  E     AT  II  UN  .i:  (    M 


No.  4138,  Feb,  1,  1908 


JKsgsjfitiei,  fee  —continued. 

J>        L       A        0        K        w       O       0        I) 

far  FEBRUARY    oontoini  :— 
LORD  w '.\nt.\i;k,  V.C  K.C.B. 

Hy  (..1,.,    1  SJj   III   \K\     BB  \(  KKMUIt\  ,  Q.C.B. 

I  111.   1  1:1  ai.s  OF  A  KING  : 

■uni  of  the  Viait  "i  I  h<-  Frenoh 
\i  i,ni  t"  the  Sultan  of  tforoooo  at  bhe8*ored 
City  ■  >!'   Rabat,  together  with  ao  Interview 

M  Itll  Hl^  Majesty. 

Ky  ELLIS  ASll.MKAI)  B AKTLKTT. 

OOKE  OF  NORFOLK. 

I'l  BRIUM.  By  CI.  C.  K.  CONDEB. 

Ill  i:  NIGHT  AND  THE  STARS 

By  R.  C.  LEHMANN. 

AN  IRISH  (JARI)KX. 

Hy  H.  Kl.NdsMII.L  MOOBE. 

THEFLYONTHKWHKKL.    Chaps.  XIX.-XXI. 
By  KATIIKKINE  CKCIL  THUBSTON. 

THE  AMERICAN  UNDERWORLD. 

By.CHARLBS  WHIHLKY. 
MEMORIES  OF  LONDON  IN  THE  'FORTIES. 

By  DAVID  BiASSON. 

BARBADU.  By  W.  H.  ADAMS- 
"  I    WILL    NOW    CALL    ON     THE     CAN- 
DIDATE  " 

MUSINGS  WITHOUT  METHOD  : 

Paris  Revisited — A  Visible  Change — The 
Political  Situation — An  Ominous  Lull — 
Secularism  and  the  Church — The  Chance 
of  a  Reaction — A  Russian  Patriot. 

FOOL  GUNNERY  IN  THE  NAVY. 

By  ST.  BARBARA. 

WILLIAM  BLACKWOOD  &  SONS, 
Edinburgh  and  London. 

JANUARY    NUMBER    JUST    PUBLISHED. 

THE      JEWISH     QUARTERLY     REVIEW. 
Edited  by  I.  ABRAHAMS  and  C.  G.  MONTEFIORE. 
Prioe  3s,  Gd.    Annual  Subscription,  post  free,  lis. 
Contents. 
SOME   NEW   CONSIDERATIONS  TOWARDS  THE  DATING  OF 

THE  BOOK  OF  MALACHI.    By  Dr.  Hans  H.  Spoer. 
EINE  GENIZA-STUDIE.    By  Dr.  N.  Forges. 
THE  EXILAREH  BUSTANI.    By  E.  J.  Worman. 
THE  KARAITE  LITERARY  OPPONENTS  OF  SAADIAH  GAON 
IN    THE    FOURTEENTH    TO    NINETEENTH    CENTURIES. 
By  Dr.  S.  Poznanski. 
ADDENDA     AND     CORRIGENDA     TO    J.Q.R.,    X.     By   Dr.   S. 

Poznanski. 
THE  EXPULSION  OF  THE  JEWS  FROM    SPAIN.     By  Prof.  A. 

Marx. 
SOME  RABBINIC  IDEAS  ON  PRAYER.    By  I.  Abrahams. 
PHILO  OF  ALEXANDRIA.    IV.    By  J.  H.  A.  Hart. 
THE    NEW    'FRAGMENT    OF    AN     UNCANONICAL    GOSPEL.' 

By  Dr.  A.  Buchler. 
CRITICAL  NOTICES :- 

W.  0.  E.  Oestcrley  and  G.  H.  Box's  '  The  Religion  and  Worship  of 

the  Synagogue.'    By  C.  G,  Montefiore. 
G.  F.  Abbott's  '  Israel  in  Europe.'    By  H.  Loewe. 
MACMILLAN  &  CO.,  Ltd.,  London. 

Pp.  xx-850,  demy  8vo,  price  16s. 

THE  LAW  OF 

INTERNATIONAL      COPYRIGHT. 

With  Special  Sections  on  the  Colonies  and 
the  United  States  of  America. 

BY 

WILLIAM    BRIGGS, 
LL.D.  D.C.L.  M.A.  B.Sc.  F.C.S.  F.R.A.S. 

Times. — "A  work  of  no  small  literary  as  well 
as  legal  value.  This  remarkably  luminous  and 
readable  volume." 

London:      STEVENS    &     HAYNES, 
13,  Bell  Yard,  Temple  Bar,  W.C. 


For  Acidity  of  the  Stomach. 
For  Heartburn  and  Headache. 
For  Gout  and  Indigestion. 

TJINNEFORD'S 

Jf  A  G   N  E  S  I   A. 

For  Sour  Eructations  and  Bilious  Affection*. 

A  Safe  and  most  effective  Aperient  for 

regular  use. 


WORKS    BY    WILLIAM    THYNNE    LYNN. 


eleventh  KDITIOH  ROW  BEADY,  prioe  Two  shillings  net 

CELESTIAL       MOTIONS: 

A    Handy    Book    of   Astronomy. 

Eleventh  Edition.     With  5  Plates. 

By  W.  T.  LYNN,  B.A.  F.R.A.S.,  Member  of  the  British  Astronomical  Association, 

formerly  of  the  Royal  Observatory,  Greenwich, 
Author  of  '  Remarkable  Comets,'  '  Remarkable  Eclipses,'   '  Astronomy   for  the  Young,'  Ac. 
"  Well  known  as  one  of  our  best  introductions  to  astronomy." — Guardian. 


NINTH  EDITION  IN  THE  PRESS,  fcap.  8vo,  cloth,  price  Sixpence  net. 

REMARKABLE    ECLIPSES: 

A  Sketch  of  the  most  interesting  Circumstances  connected  with  the 
Observation  of  Solar  and  Lunar  Eclipses,  both  in  Ancient  and  Modern  Times. 

By  W.  T.  LYNN,  B.A.  F.R.A.S. 


THIRTEENTH  EDITION,  JUST  OUT,  price  Sixpence,  cloth. 

REMARKABLE      COMETS: 

A  Brief  Survey  of  the  most  interesting  Facts  in  the  History  of  Cometary 

Astronomy. 
By  W.  T.  LYNN,  B.A.  F.R.A.S. 


FIFTH  EDITION,  REVISED  TO  1908,  NOW  READY. 
Fcap.  8vo,  cloth,  price  Sixpence  net. 

ASTRONOMY    FOR    THE    YOUNG, 

By  W.  T.  LYNN,  B.A.  F.R.A.S. 


SECOND  EDITION  NOW  READY,  price  One  Shilling. 

BRIEF    LESSONS    ON    THE     PARABLES 
AND  MIRACLES  OF  OUR  LORD. 

WTith  an  Appendix  on  the  Names  of  the  Apostles  and  4  Maps. 

By  W.  T.  LYNN,  B.A.  F.R.A.S., 

Associate  of  King's  College,  London,  Lay  Reader  in  the  Diocese  of  Southwark. 

11  That  praiseworthy  little  book." — Guardian,  August  22,  1906. 


SECOND  EDITION  NOW  READY,  price  One  Shilling. 

BIBLE     CHRONOLOGY: 

The  Principal  Events  Recorded  in  the  Holy  Scriptures,  arranged  under  their 

Probable  Respective  Dates,  with  a  Description  of  the  Places  named, 

and  a  Supplement  on  English  Versions. 

By  W.  T.  LYNN,  B.A.  F.R.A.S., 

Associate  of  King's  College,  London,  Lay  Reader  in  the  Diocese  of  Southwark. 
"This  compendious  and  useful  little  work." — Guardian,  March  14,  1906. 


SECOND  EDITION,  fcap.  8vo,  price  Fourpence. 

NEW    TESTAMENT    CHRONOLOGY: 

The  Principal  Events  Recorded  in  the  New  Testament,  arranged  under  their 

Probable  Respective  Dates. 
By    W.     T.     LYNN,     B.A.     F.R.A.S., 

Associate  of  King's  College,  London,  Lay  Reader  in  the  Diocese  of  Southwark. 


London  :   SAMUEL  BAGSTER  &  SONS,  Limited,  15,  Paternoster  Row. 


No.  4188,  Feb.  1,  1908 


THE     ATHEN^UM 


143 


MR.  HEINEMANN'S  NEW  BOOKS. 


THE 

WORLD'S  HISTORY. 

Edited  by  Prof.  HELMOLT, 

With  an  Introductory  Essay  by  the  Bight  Hon.  JAMES 

BRYCE. 

Magnificently  illustrated  with  Colour-Plates,  Black-and- 

White  Pictures,  and  Maps.    8  super-royal  8vo  vols,  cloth, 

61.  net ;  half-morocco,  81.  8s.  net. 

%*  This  monumental  work  was  written  by  the 
greatest  living  historians  expressly  jor  the  Publishers, 
and  is  NOT  the  product  oj  Scissors  and  Paste. 
It  is  an  entirely  original  work  by  leading  European 
scholars,  and  is  based  on  the  most  recent  scientific  and 
historic  research.  It  can  be  obtained  on  approval 
through  any  Bookseller.  Arrangements  can  also  be 
made  for  payment  by  small  monthly  instalments. 

MEMOIRS  OF  THE 

GOMTESSE  deBOIGNE 

The  THIRD  "Volume  (1820-1830),  completing  the 
work,  is  now  ready.  Demy  8vo,  10*.  net. 

"The  second  and  third  volumes  are  even  more  interesting 
than  the  first.  The  excellent  translation  will  introduce 
these  to  a  large  number  of  readers." — Spectator. 

Uniform  with  the  above,  10s.  net  each.* 
Vol.  I.,  1781-1814,  and  Vol.  IL,  1815-1819. 

FATHER   AND    SON. 

With  Frontispiece.      Demy  8vo,  %s.   ed.  net. 

[Third  Impression. 
"This  book  is  unique.     It  is  at  once  a  profound  and 
illuminating  study  in  the  concrete  of  the  development  of 
a  child's  mind,  and  also  an  historical  document  of  great 
value." — Athenceum. 

Mr.  HEINEMANN  begs  to  announce  the  com- 
pletion, with  the  publication  of  Vol.  I.  (crown  Svo, 
is. )  of  the  First  Collected  Edition  of 

THE  WORKS  OF 

HENRIK  IBSEN. 

Edited  by  WILLIAM  ARCHER. 

11  vols.,  21.  is.  the  set.    Each  volume  sold  separately.* 

NEW   SIX-SHILLING    NOVELS. 

Mr.  HEINEMANN  begs  to  announce  that  a 
New  Novel  by  the  Author  of  'Joseph  Vance^  is 
READY  TO-DAY  at  all  Libraries  and  Book- 
sellers' : — 

SOMEHOW     GOOD. 

By  WILLIAM  DE  MOBGAN, 
Author  of  '  Joseph  Vance '  and  '  Alice  for  Short.' 

THE  HISTORY  OF 

AYTHAN  WARING. 

By  VIOLET  JACOB,  Author  of  'The  Sheepstealers.' 
"  A  supremely  good  novel." — Pall  Mall  Gazette. 

THE   EXPLORER. 

By  W.  S.  MAUGHAM,  Author  of  '  The  Merry-go-round.' 

[Second  Impression. 

"  A  story  which  stirs  the  heart  as  well  as  the  interest  to 
its  very  foundations.  An  absorbing  novel  of  the  greatest 
artistic  merit,  a  real  story  of  real  people  which  will  live 
long  in  our  memories."— Daily  Telegraph. 

SHEAVES. 

[Second  Impression. 
By  E.  F.  BENSON,  Author  of  '  The  House  of  Defence,'  &c. 
"  A  remarkably  strong,   sincere,   and  touching  piece  of 
work,  the  publication  of  which  already  lends  distinction  to 
the  literary  reputation  of  1908."— Daily  Telegraph. 

THE       STANDERT0NS. 

By  the  EABL  OF  ELLESMEBE. 

Mr.  Heinemann  will  publish  next  week  a  new 
novel  by  the  author  of '  Barbara  Rebell.' 

THE 

PULSE  OF  LIFE. 

By  Mrs.  BKLLOC  LOWNDES. 

*  Prospectus    on    application. 

WM.  HEINEMANN,  21,  Bedford  Street,  W.C. 


HARPER'S 
MAGAZINE. 

FEBRUARY     NUMBER 

NOW    READY. 


THE   SEARCH   FOR  A   NEW 
CONTINENT. 

The  Anglo-American  Polar  Expedition. 
By  V.  STEFANSSON.     Illustrated. 

YORK: 

By  W.  D.  HO  WELLS.     Illustrated. 

AT   THE    UNIVERSITY  OF 
PARIS. 

By  Prof.  C.  F.  THWING.     Illustrated. 

CANADIAN   VILLAGE    LIFE. 

By  HOWARD  E.  SMITH. 

With   Illustrations    by    the   Author. 

BREAD   AND    ITS   FOOD 
VALUE. 

By  Prof.  HARRY  SNYDER. 

MRS.    HUMPHRY    WARD'S 
GREAT  SERIAL. 

Illustrated  by  WM.   HATHERELL,    R.I. 

8  Complete  Stories.     60  Illustrations. 

SECOND  IMPRESSION. 

NOW  READY,  price  6s.      With   a  Frontispiece 
Portrait  of  Mr.    LEWIS    WALLER. 

A  WHITE  MAN. 

By   EDWARD    MILTON    ROYLE  and  JULIE 
OPP  FAVERSHAM. 

Adapted   from  Mr.   Royle's  Plav  now  being  pre- 
sented by  Mr.  LEWIS  WALLER. 

"  A  success  distinct  and  unequivocal  because  of 
the  freshness  and  realism  of  the  dramatic  story." 

Telegraph. 

DISCOVERIES  IN  EVERYDAY 
EUROPE. 

By    DON     C.      S  E  I  T  Z. 

Illustrated  by  MAURICE  KETHEN.     3s.  6d. 

"  Brimful   of    humour.       An   extremely   clever 
book  written  without  any  attempt  at  cleverness." 

Standard. 


MR.    MURRAY'S 

NEW    BOOKS. 


BOYS  BOOK  OF  ELECTRICITY 
BOYS  OUTDOOR  BOOK. 

By  JOSEPH  H.  ADAMS. 

Profusely   illustrated.      6s.   each. 

"  Two  engrossing  books  for  boyR,  they  provide 
amusement  and  inculcate  a  scientific  knowledge 
which  may  bear  excellent  fruit  one  day." 

Daily  Mail. 

HARPER  &  BROTHERS,  45,  Albemarle  St.,  W. 


THE   FIRST   BRITISH   AMBASSADOR  TO    CHINA. 

THE  LIFE  AND 

CORRESPONDENCE    OF 

GEORGE,    FIRST    EARL 

MACARTNEY. 

1737-1806,  Governor  of  Grenada,  Envoy  Extra- 
ordinary at  St.  Petersburg,  Chief  Secretary  for 
Ireland,  Governor  of  Madras,  Ambassador  Extra- 
ordinary to  Pekin,  Governor  of  the  Cape  of  Good 
Hope,  &c.  By  Mrs.  HELEN  H.  BOBBINS. 
With  Portraits  and  other  Illustrations.  Demy 
8vo,  16s.  net. 

THE     REMINISCENCES      OF 
THE  LATE  ALBERT  PELL, 

Sometime  M.P.  for  South  Leicestershire.  Edited, 
with  a  Memoir,  by  THOMAS  MACKAY,  Editor 
of  the  '  Life  of  Samuel  Smiles,'  &c.  With  an 
Appreciation  by  the  Right  Hon.  JAMES  BRYCE. 
With  Portraits  and  other  Illustrations.  Demy  8vo, 
15s.  net.  [Ready  next  week. 

A  FAMILY  CHRONICLE. 

From  Notes  and  Letters  Selected  by  Barbarina 
the  Hon.  Lady  Grey.  Edited  by  Mrs.  JOHN 
LYSTER.  With  Portraits  and  other  Illustra- 
tions.    Demy  8vo,  12s.  net. 

OFFICIAL  ACCOUNT  OF  THE 
SECOND  AFGHAN  WAR, 

1878-1880.     Produced  in  the  Intelligence  Bran 
Army    Headquarters,    India.      Abridged    Offic 
Account.       With   numerous    Maps   and    Illusti 
tions.     Medium  8vo,  21s.  net. 

A  CRITICAL  EXAMINATION 
OF  SOCIALISM. 

By  W.  H.  MALLOCK,  Author  of  'The  Veil  of  the 
Temple,'  '  Property  and  Progress,'  &c.  Crown 
8vo,  6s. 

NEW     6/-     NOVELS. 
GRAHAM  OF  CLAVERHOUSE. 

IAN  MACLAREN'S  LAST  WORK. 
First  Edition  nearly  exhausted.     Second  Impression 
in  the  press. 

THE    SILVER    ZONE: 

A  Hindu  Novel.  By  KATHLEEN  P.  EMMETT 
(Mrs.  Foley).  Dedicated  by  permission  to  H.R.H. 
the  Princess  of  Wales. 

A  story  of  Hindustan  which  wonderfully  repro- 
duces the  atmosphere  of  India.  The  Author  is  a 
resident  in  the  East,  and  knows  the  native  mind  as 
few  Europeans  can  do. 

CAROLINE. 

By  CLEMENTINA  BLACK,  Author  of  '  High 
Treason,'  &c. 

A  story  of  the  days  when  smugglers  pervaded 
our  southern  coasts  and  heiresses  were  still  liable 
to  abduction.  It  culminated  in  the  trial  of  an 
innocent  man,  who  is  prevented,  by  loyalty  to  a 
lady,  from  exculpating  himself. 

R0DWELL. 

By  Miss  V.  HAWTREY,  Author  of  '  Suzanne. 

[Ready  next  week. 
A  novel  of  country  life  in  the  present  day,  the 
interest  of  which  centres  in  the  development  of 
character — in  which  this  Author  especially  triumphs 
— and  interaction  of  circumstance.  The  story 
turns  on  the  gambling  spirit  as  it  affects  an  old 
family. 

JOHN  MURRAY,  Albemarlo  Street,  W. 


144 


Til  E     ATIIKX/Kl'M 


No.  41*x?  Fki!.  1.  L908 


RE-ISSUE    OF 

THE     DICTIONARY     OF     NATIONAL     BIOGRAPHY 

AT  ONE  THIRD  OF  THE  ORIGINAL  PRICE,  AND  TO  OCCUPY  ABOUT  ONE  THIRD 
OF  THE  SHELF  SPACE   REQUIRED  BY  THE  ORIGINAL  WORK. 


Messrs.     SMITH,     ELVER    &     CO.     have    pleasure     in    announcing     the    publication, 

IN   TWENTY=TWO   VOLUMES, 

Cloth,     gilt    top,     15s.    net    each ;     or    in    Half-morocco,     marbled    edges,     21s.     net    each, 

OF 

THE       DICTIONARY        OF 
NATIONAL     BIOGRAPHY. 

EDITED    BY 

LESLIE  STEPHEN  and  SIDNEY  LEE. 

Volumes  will  be  identical  with  the  Original  Edition  in  type  and  size 
ie.  Errors  have,  as  far  as  possible,  been  corrected,  and  some  of  the 
jraphies   have    been   revised,    but   otherwise   the    Text   remains    unaltered. 

VOLUME    I.     (ABBADIE  — BEADON) 

Including   a    Statistical   Account    of  the   Work   and   a    New    Postscript, 

WILL  BE  PUBLISHED  ON  MARCH  10, 

and   a   Volume   will   be   published   each   succeeding  month   until   the   completion   of    the 

Edition   in   DECEMBER,    1909. 

PROSPECTUS  AND  SPECIMEN  PAGES  POST  FREE  ON  APPLICATION. 


ENGLISH     SOCIALISM     OF    TO-DAY. 

Its  Teaching  and  its  Aims  Examined. 

By  the  Right  Hon.  H.  O.  ARNOLD-FORSTER,  M.P.     2s.  6d.  net. 

The  Outlook  says  : — "  If  any  doubt  exists  as  to  the  duty  of  all  fair- 
minded  and  honest  citizens  to  combat  Socialism,  it  will  be  removed  on 
reading  this  powerful  exposure  of  its  insidious  aims  and  its  dangers  to  all 
classes  of  the  community." 

MY  ALPINE  JUBILEE,  1851  1907.    By  Frederic 

HARRISON.     With  a  Portrait.     Crown  8vo,  3s.  6d.  net. 
The  Daily  Chronicle,  says  :  — "  A  fascinating  addition  to  an  Alpine  Club 
library,  brimful  of  that  nature-worship  which  ennobled  all  the  earlier  Alpine 
literature — buoyant,  eager,  passionate,  happy." 

IDLEHURST:  a  Journal  kept  in  the  Country. 

By  JOHN  HALSHAM,  Author  of  'Lonewood  Corner,'  &c.      NEW 
and  CHEAPER  EDITION.     Crown  8vo,  5*.  net.  {Immediately. 


BRITISH     SOCIALISM  : 

An  Examination  of  its  Doctrines,  Aims,  and 
Practical  Proposals. 

By  J.  ELLIS    BARKER,   Author  of   '  Modern  Germany,'  « The    Rise  and 
Decline  of  the  Netherlands,' &c.    Small  demySvo,  ltte.  6d.  net.    [Immediately. 

NEW    SIX-SHILLING    NOVELS. 
THE  ALIEN  SISTERS.     By  Mrs.  Percy  Dearmer, 

Author  of  '  The  Difficult  Way,'  •  The  Orangery  :  a  Coined  v  of  Tears,' 
&c.  [I™  February. 

CROSSRIGGS.      By  Mary  and  Jane  Findlater, 

Authors  of  *  Tales  that  are  Told,'  &c.  [Shortly. 

DAN  RIACH  :   SOCIALIST.     By  the  Author  of 

'  Miss  Molly,'  '  lngleheim,'  '  The  Oreat  Reconciler,'  &c.  |  Shortly. 


London:    SMITH,  ELDER  &  CO.  15,  Waterloo  Place,  S.W. 


Editorial  Communications  should  be  addressed  to  "THE  EDITOR  "-Advertisements  and  Business  Letters  to  "THE  PUBLISHERS  "-at  the  Offlet,  Bream's  Buildings.  Chancery  Lane.  K.C. 
1'ur.lished  Weekly  bj  .IOUN  0.  FRANCIS  and  J.  EDWARD  FRANCIS  at  Breams  Buildings,  Chancery  Lane.  E.C.,  and  Printed  by  J.  EDWARD  FRANCIS.  Athenaeum  Press,  Breams  Buildings,  Chancery  Lace,  B.C. 

Agents  for  Scotland,  Messrs.  BELL  &  BRADFUTE  and  Mr.  .IOHN  MENZIES,  Edinhurgh.— Saturday,  February  1,  190S. 


THE  ATHENAEUM 

Imtrmrf  of  ^njltslj  snfr  JFuretgn  literate*,  Soeitce,  ifo  jfitt*  ^ris,  $fask  anfi 


No.  4189. 


SATURDAY,   FEBRUARY  8,  1908. 


PRICE 
THREEPENCE. 

REGISTERED  AS  A  NEWSPAPER. 


pEOLOGICAL      SOCIETY      OF      LONDON. 

The  ANNIVERSARY  MEETING  of  this  Society  will  be  held  at  the 
SOCIETY'S  APARTMENTS,  BURLINGTON  HOUSE,  on  FRIDAY, 
February  21,  at  3  o'clock.  —  ,, 

The  Fellows  and  their  Friends,  will  DINE  together  at  the 
WHITEHALL  ROOMS,  HOTEL  METROPOLE,  at  7.30  p.m.  Tickets 
to  be  obtained  at  the  Society's  Apartments. 


%ttkatt%. 

ROYAL  INSTITUTION  OF  GREAT  BRITAIN, 
ALBEMARLE  STREET,  PICCADILLY,  W. 

THIS  DAY  (TUESDAYI,  February  II,  at  3  o'clock,  Prof.  WILLIAM 
STIRLING,  M.D.  LL.D.  D.Sc,  FIRST  of  SIX  LECTURES  on 
'Membranes:  their  Structure,  Use6,  and  Products.'  One  Guinea 
the  Course. 

SATURDAY,  February  IS,  at  3  o'clock,  SELWYN  BRINTON,  Esq. 
M.A.,  FIRST  of  THREE  LECTURES  on  'The  Art  of  Florence.' 
Half  a  Guinea. 

Tickets  may  be  obtained  at  the  Office  of  the  Institution. 


(Jfebitotioits. 


ROYAL     ACADEMY     OF     ARTS. 
WINTER    EXHIBITION. 
Work  by  Old  Masters  and  Deceased  Masters  of  the  British  School, 
including  Special  Collections  of  Pictures  by  Hogarth  and  the  late 
J.  C.  Hook,  R.A. 

Open  from  9  a.m.  to  6  p.m.  Admission  Is.   Catalogue  6d.  Season 
Ticket  5s. 


F 


RENCH   PORTRAITS    AND   MEZZOTINTS 

By  NANTEUIL,  VAILLANT.  &c. 

NOW  ON  VIEW  at  Mr.  R.  GUTEKUNST'S, 

16,  King  Street,  St.  James's,  S.W.     10-6  Daily.     Is. 


a     P    A    N    I    S    H 

A  R  T 

ri     A    L    L    E     R    Y, 
50,     CONDUIT    STREET,    LONDON,     W. 

ART    DEALERS    AND    IMPORTERS 
OF    ANTIQUITIES     FROM     SPAIN. 

Antique  Embroideries,  Brocades, 
Velvets,  Persian  Rugs,  Armour, 
Furniture,  Gothic  Pictures, 
China,      Silver,      Enamels,     &c. 

RARE      MUSEUM      OBJECTS. 

firoirifocnt  institutions. 

NBWSVEN  DORS'  BENEVOLENT  AND 
PROVIDENT  INSTITUTION. 
Founded  1839. 
Funds   exceed   27,000!. 
Office:  It  and  16,  Farrinudnn  Street,  London,  E.C. 
Patron  : 
The  Right  Hon.  THE  EARL  OF  ROSEBERY.  K.G.  K.T. 

President  i 

THE    LORD    GLENESK. 
Treasurer : 
THE  LONDON  AM)  WESTMINSTER  BANK.  LIMITED. 
OBJECTS.     Tin-  Institution  was  MtebUsbed  in  IK'td  in  the  City  of 
London,  under  the  Presidency  of  the  late  Alderman   Banner,  for 
granting   Pensions   and    Tempera        I       tanoe    la   principal*  and 
is  vendors  of  Newspapers. 
REI.li  i  i-  given  In  cases  of  distress,  not  only 

to  Member!  oi  the  fn  titution,  but  to  Newvendon  or  theii  servants 
who  may  I*1  recommended  for  Members  ol  thi    I 

tion  Inquiry  i-  made  in  inoh  eaiei  by  visiting  Oommittei 
relief  is  awarded  in  accordance  with  the  merit) and  requiremi 
■uwomw.  W.  WILKIE  .10.M 


T 


HE    BOOKSELLERS'    PROVIDENT 

INSTITUTION. 

Founded  1837. 

Patron-HER  MAJESTY  QUEEN  ALEXANDRA, 

Invested  Capital,  80,000!. 

A      UNIQUE      INVESTMENT 

Offered  to  London  Booksellers  and  their  Assistants. 

A  young  man  or  woman  of  twenty-five  can  invest  the  sum  of  Twenty 
Guineas  lor  its  equivalent  by  instalments),  and  obtain  the  right  to 
participate  in  the  following  advantages  :— 

FIRST.  Freedom  from  want  in  time  of  Adversity  as  long  as  need 
exist*. 

8E<  'ON p.  Permanent  Relief  in  Old  Age. 

Till!:  r>    Medical  Advice  bv  eminent  Physicians  and  Surgeons. 

FOURTH.  A  Cottage  in  the  Country  (Abbots  Langley,  Hertford- 
shire! for  aged  Members,  with  garden  produce,  coal,  and  medical 
attendance  free,  in  addition  to  an  annuity. 

FIFTH.  A  furnished  houso  in  the  6aiue  Retreat  at  Abbots  Langley 
for  the  use  of  Members  and  their  families  for  holidays  or  during 
convalescence.  . 

SIXTH   A  contribution  towards  Funeral  expenses  when  it  is  needed. 

SEVENTH.  All  these  are  available  not  for  Members  only,  but  also 
for  their  wives  or  widows  and  young  children. 

EIGHTH.  The  payment  of  the  subscriptions  confers  an  absolute 
right  to  these  benefits  in  nil  cases  of  need. 

For  further  information  apply  to  the  Secretary  Ma.  GEORGE 
LARNER.  28.  Paternoster  Row  E.C 


(6  Durational. 


T 


H  E 


LAW 


SOCIETY. 


The  COUNCIL  offers  for  award  in  JULY  NEXT  EIGHT 
STUDENTSHIPS  of  the  annual  value  of  30!.  to  40!.  each,  tenable  on 
conditions  of  pursuing  under  proper  supervision  Courses  of  Legal 
Studies  approved  by  the  Council.  „„„„„_ 

For  copies  of  the  Regulations  apply  THE  LAW  SOCIETY, 
103,  Chancery  Lane,  W.C. 


EDUCATION. 
Parents  or  Guardians  desiring  accurate  information  relative  to 
the  CHOICE  of  SCHOOLS  for  BOYS  or  GIRLS  or 
TUTORS  in  England  or  Abroad 
are  invited  to  call  upon  or  send  fullv  detailed  particulars  to 
MESSRS.  GABBITAS.  THRING  &  CO., 
who  for  more  than  thirty  years  have  been  closely  in  touch  with  the 
leading  Educational  Establishments.  ___.„„    „     .  .  «. 

Advice,  free  of  charge,  is  given  by  Mr.   THRING,  Nephew  of  the 
late  Head  Master  of  Uppingham,  36.  Sackville  Street,  London,  W. 


T 


Situations  3Jarant 

UNIVERSITY       OF       SHEFFIELD. 


APPOINTMENT  OF  DEMONSTRATOR  IN  BOTANY. 

The  COUNCIL  are  about  to  appoint  a  DEMONSTRATOR  in 
BOTANY.    Salary  150!.  per  annum. 

Applications  should  be  made  to  the  undersigned,  from  whom 
further  particulars  may  be  obtained,  not  Inter  than  FEBRUARY  22, 
KI08.  W.  M.  GIBBONS,  Registrar. 

CITY      AND      COUNTY       BOROUGH       OF 
BELFAST. 
The  LIBRARY  and  TECHNICAL  INSTRUCTION    COMMITTEE 
invite  applications  for  the  position    of    LECTURER    in   MATHE- 
MATICS (to  specialize  in  Practical  Mathematics) at  theMUNICIPAL 
TECHNICAL  INSTITUTE.  BELFAST.    Salary  140!.  per  annum. 

Particulars  of  the  duties  and  conditions  of  appointment  may  be 
obtained    from    the    undersigned,   with  whom  applications,  on    the 
Special  Forms  provided  for  the  purpose,  must  be  lodged  not  later 
than  Noon  on  WEDNESDAY.  February  19.  1908. 
Canvassing  will  be  held  to  disqualify  a  Candidate. 

FRAS.  C.  FORTH.  Principal. 
Municipal  Technical  Institute,  Belfast. 


H 


EAD-MASTERSHIP. 


SOLIHULL  GRAMMAR  SCHOOL,  WARWICKSHIRE. 

The  HEAD-MASTERSHIP  of  this  SCHOOL  will  become  VACANT 
at  EASTER.  _  ,         „     . 

The  Head  Master,  who  must  be  a  Graduate  at  some  University  in 
the  United  Kingdom,  will  receive  a  fixed  yearly  Stipend  of  150!.,  and 
in  addition  a  Capitation  Granted  21.  per  Boy.  There  are  at  present 
135  Boys  in  the  School,  of  whom  4(1  an-  Hoarders. 

The  Head  Master's  Residence,  which  is  free  of  Rent,  Rates,  and 
Taxes,  will  accommodate  .r>o  Boarders. 

There  is  a  further  allowance  of  180!.  a  year  to  meet  the  expenses  of 
Gas.  Coal,  Water.  &<■. 

The  Assistant  Masti-rs  are  paid  by  the  Governors. 

Applications  and  fifteen  copies  of  recent  Testimonials  must  be 
forwarded  to  me  on  or  before  FEI1R11  AKY  29,  1908. 

A.  STAINTON,  Clerk  to  the  Governors. 

Solihull.  

WELLS  ENDOWED  SECONDARY  SCHOOL. 
Under  Board  of  Education  and  Local  Education  Authority. 

A  VACANCY,  through  promotion,  has  occurred  in  the  HEAD- 
MA8TER8H1P  of  tins  SCHOOL,  and  the  GOVERNORS  invite 
applications  for  the  poet.  It  is  a  Pupil-Teacher  Centre,  and  receives 
Oount  '■  Scholars  and  Bursars. 

Bead  Master  must  be  a  Graduate  of  a  University,  and  of  some 
experience  in  organizing  and  developing  the  railed  work  of  such  a 
School. 

There  .-ire  excellent  Chemical  and  Physical  Laboratories  attached, 

Stipend  1001.,  and  8B!.  allowance  foi  a  Bouse  (in  ease  of  demolition 
of  present   Master's  Bouse  as  proposed),  and  a  Capitation  Granl  of 

1!.  His    for    BOJS,  and  17    for    l'lipil  Teachers   iHoys  and  Girlsl.      Then 

an-  at  present  88  Boys  and  :tr>  Pupil  Teai  I 

For  Application  Forms  and  further  information  apply  to  Ml  >\  J. 
IIII'l'l.sl.EY,  Secretaf]  I  >  the  Governors  of  the  Blue  Schools,  (rail, 
Somerset. 

AHEAD  MASTKi:  will  1"'  REQUIRED  MAT 
TERM  for  the  HEATH  GRAMMAR  SCHOOL,  Halifax 
Salary  4.vi!..  with  Bouse  Applications,  with  nol  mor  than  three 
[recent]  Testimonials,  to  be  sent,  not  later  than  M  ARCS  3,  1908,  to  Mr. 
N.  Ii.  SPENSER.  Chartered  Accountant,  I,  Harrison  Road,  Halifax, 


Yearly  Subscription,  free  by  post,  Inland, 
15s.  3d. ;  Foreign,  18s.  Entered  at  the  New 
York  Post  Office  as  Second  Class  matter. 


c 


OUNTY       OF       LONDON. 


The  LONDON  COUNTV  COUNCIL  invites  applications  for  appoint- 
ment to  the  post  of  ASSISTANT  INSPECTOR.  The  Salary  will  be 
250!.  a  year,  rising  by  annual  increments  of  15!.  to  a  maximum  of 
400!.  a  year.  The  person  appointed  will  be  under  the  control  of  the 
Chief  Inspector  (Education),  and  will  be  required  to  give  his  (or  her) 
whole  time  to  the  duties  of  the  Office,  and  to  such  other  duties  as  may 
be  entrusted  to  him  (or  her),  including  the  inspection  of  Public 
Elementary  Schools,  Evening  Schools,  and  other  Educational  Insti- 
tutions.   Women  are  eligible  for  this  appointment. 

Canvassing,  either  directly  or  indirectly,  will  be  held  to  be  a  dis- 
qualification for  appointment.  . 

Applications  should  be  made  on  the  Official  Form,  to  be  obtained, 
together  with  particulars  of  the  appointment,  from  the  Clerk  of  the 
London  County  Council,  Education  Offices,  Victoria  Embankment. 
W.C,  to  whom  they  must  be  returned  not  later  than  11  a.m.  on 
MONDAY,  February  17, 1908,  accompanied  by  copies  of  three  Testi- 
monials of  recent  date. 

Candidates  applying  through  the  post  for  the  Form  of  Application 
should  enclose  a  stamped  and  addressed  envelope,  endorsed  "Assistant 
Inspector." 

Full  particulars  of  the  Council's  requirements  as  to  appointments 
vacant  are  given  in  the  London  County  Council  Gazette,  which  is 
published  weekly,  and  can  be  obtained  from  the  Council's  Publishers, 
Messrs.  P.  S.  King  &  Son.  2  and  4,  Great  Smith  Street.  Westminster, 
S.W.,  price  (including  postage)  ljd.  an  issue,  or,  for  the  year,  a  pre- 
paid subscription  of  6s.  6rf. 

G  L.  GOMME,  Clerk  of  the  London  County  Council. 

Education  Offices,  Victoria  Embankment,  W.C. 
January  29,  1908. 


C 


OUNTY      OF      LONDON. 


The  LONDON  COUNTY  COUNCIL  invites  applications  for  the 
post  of  HEAD  MISTRESS  of  the  CHELSEA  SECONDARY 
SCHOOL  for  GIRLS,  HORTENSIA  ROAD.  CHELSEA,  in  which 
will  be  incorporated  the  Secondary  Girls'  School  of  the  South- 
western Polytechnic.  The  School  will  open  in  SEPTEMBER,  1908. 
when  there  will  probably  he  over  300  Girls. 

The  Salary  attaching  to  the  post  will  commence  at  400!.  a  year,  and 
will  rise  by  annual  increments  of  20!.  to  a  maximum  of  600!.  a  year. 

Applications  should  be  made  on  the  Official  Form,  to  be  obtained, 
together  with  particulars  of  the  appointment,  from  the  Clerk  of  the 
Council  L.C.C.  Education  Offices,  Victoria  Embankment,  W.C,  to 
whom  they  must  be  returned  not  later  than  11  a.m.,  on  Monday, 
March  16,  1908,  accompanied  by  copies  of  three  Testimonials  of  recent 

If  a  written  'application  is  made  for  a  Form,  it  must  be  marked 
outside  "Application  for  Form  for  Appointment,  Head  Mistress. 
Secondary  School."  and  must  be  accompanied  by  a  stamped  and 
addressee!  envelope.  . 

Canvassing,  either  directly  or  indirectly,  will  be  held  to  be  a  dis- 
qualification for  employment. 

Full  particulars  of  appointments  in  the  Council  s  service  are  given 
in  the  Loudon  County  Council  Gtizttte,  which  is  published  weekly,  and 
can  be  obtained  from  the  Council's  Publishers,  Messrs.  P.  S.  King  & 
Son,  2  and  4.  Great  Smith  Street.  Westminster.  S.W.,  price  (including 
postage),  l.d.  an  issue,  or,  for  the  year,   a   prepaid  subscription   of 

G.  L.  GOMME.  Clerk  of  the  London  County  Council. 
Education  Offices.  Victoria  Embankment,  W.C. 
February  5,  1908. 


c 


ITY        OF        LIVERPOOL. 


EDUCATION  COMMITTEE. 
SECONDARY  SCHOOL  FOR  GIRLS,  AIGBURTH  VALE. 
APPOINTMENT  OF  HEAD  MISTRESS. 
The  LIVERPOOL    EDUCATION    COMMITTEE    invites  applica- 
tions for  the  appointment  .of  HEAP  MISTRESS  of  the  AIGRURTH 
VALE    SECONDARY    SCHOOL    FOR     GIRLS,   a    New  School    in 
course  of  erection,  which  will  be  opened  for  the  reception  of  Pupils 
in  SEPTEMBER  NEXT.  .  ,       , 

The  Head  Mistress  must  have  had  experience  in  the  work  of 
Secondary  Schools.    The  Salary  has  been  fixed  at  400!  a  year. 

Application  must  be  made,  on  or  before  FEBRUARY  IS,  1 90S,  on 
Forms  which,  together  with  full  information  as  to  the  appointment, 
mav  be  obtained  on  application  to  the  undersigned. 

.1 A  M  ES  G.  LEGG  E,  Director  of  Education. 
Education  Office.  14.  Sir  Thomas  Street,  Liverpool, 
Januarys,  1903. 


K 


ENT  EDUCATION  COMMITTEE. 


SITT1NGB0URNE  HIGHER  EDUCATION  SUB-COMMITTEE. 
COUNTY  .SCHOOL  FOR  GIRLS. 
WANTED  in  MAY  NEXT,  an  ASSISTANT  MISTRESS  for  the 
ftboTe-namedScbooLspeclallyqualifiedtoteachGeographyand  Elemen- 
tary Mathematics.  scripture  or  English  desirable.  Initial  Salary  100!. 
toilO!  per  annum,  according  to  qualifications  and  experience,  rising, 
in  accordance  with  the  Committee's  Scale,  by  annual  increments 
of  11  10s  for  the  first,  two  years,  and  then  by  51  to  a  maximum  of 
140!  or  1801  Applications  must  be  made  on  Forms,  to  be  obtained 
from  Mr  E  BRIHDEN.  1/mdon  Road.  Sittingboume,  and  must  be 
forwarded  as  early  as  possible,  to  Miss  1,  B.  FREEMAN,  Head 
Mistress,  County  School  fOI  Girls,  SitUngboUrne,  Canvassing  will  be 
considered  a  disqualification. 

By  Order  of  the  Oommi 

FRAS.  W    CROOK.  Secretary, 
Caxton  House,  Westminster.  January  24,  l'.ins. 


B 


RISTOL    EDUCATION    COMMITTEE. 

FAIRFIELD  SKCONDARx  SCHOOL, 
WANTED  at  the  beginning  of  next  Term,  s  FORM  MASTER, 
with  special  qualifications  in  Mathematlos ;  one  who  will  take  part 
i„  the  corporate  Life  of  the  School  Balarj  1301  pel  annum,  with 
annual  Increments  ol  101  to  i7»L  per  annum.  In  calculating  the 
initial  Balary,  credit   "ill    be    given   foi    half-length   service  In   s 

g, ,  orJdai  i  Bi  I i      Forms  ol  Application,  which  must  be  returned  on 

,„-  before    till  R8DA1      Febt  I  may    l btained    by 

■ending  a  itamped  addressed  foolscap  envelope   to  THE  SECRE- 
TARY   Education  Office,  Guildhall,  Bristol. 
Januar]  1  \ 


1  Ki 


T  II  E     AT  II  KNM:  I'  M 


No.  1 1>'.'.  Feb.  8,  l 


\    BPECIAL  BOOK  S  aLK8MAlN  w  vN  I  El). 

nil  n.  il. i-  p..ti n.  LI.  with  -.  rl««   lo  liitrudu. 

Uoltk  ■>!  II..    I.uh.-i  .1.--      Tin  '  lUilun  will  nin  ' 

■  ^.r  ,.,...  ■  ><M"  I.-...I liirf 

■  li..ii.   M.n  who  ...i.     ill 
,1,1, ,  ]  ..■  lUUforJ,  8,  II.  i.i 

.  .nli ...  w  I 


ftitnutiota  tSSLanttb. 

Mi:    B.  A.  VIRGO,  for  pari  ten  year*  Country 
itlre     to    Messrs     Haider    A    Btoughton,    b 
levered  bis  oonnexion  with  that  rirm. Is desirous of  NEW  APPOINT 

mkm       I    connoxion.      Excellent    Testimonials.— Aihlreu   94, 

i.   .  k.'l.l.iun. 

SECRETARY  (LADY)  deaiM  POST.     Used  to 
work  i.l  1  ITf!  A--...  r.tion.    Can  Organize     (i.»»l  Public S|«-akcr.— 
Boa  IMS,  At  h.  i.  .nin  Pre**,  IS,  Breami  Buildings.  Chan. cry  L»n.  I,  I    I 

TO  NOBLEMEN  AND  GENTLEMEN.— A 
LITERARY  EXPERT  desires  a  position  as  LIBRARIAN 
secretary  Fully  qualified  Cataloguer.  Upwards  of  90  I 
axperionoe  in  the  iii  i:iiH,.-Mi.nt  of  Libraries,  Ac,  or  as  Librarian  to 
a  Public  Institution.— Box  1144,  Athciut'uni  Press,  IS,  Breun'a 
Buildings,  i  hanoery  Line,  E.C 


JExBrrllimrons. 


PRIVATE  TOURS  FOR  GENTLEWOMEN.— 
SUNNY  ITALY.  FEBRUARY  36.  Ona  Month.  Rome,  Naples, 
Capri.  Sorrento.  Pompeii,  Florence.  Venico,  Milan,  Genoa.  References 
exchanged.— Miss  BISHOP,  27,  St.  George's  Road.  Kilburn. 

TO  PARENTS  and  GUARDIANS.— EDITOR 
old-established  Publications  is  willing  to  TItAIN  T\Vi>  well- 
educated  YOUNG  GENTLEMEN  with  Journalistic  capabilities. 
Premium  required  ;  part  to  be  returned  in  Salary.  References 
requireil  an.l  given.  Comfortable  Oftices  in  centre  of  Journalistic 
World.— Address  (letters  only)  Box  848.  care  of  Messrs.  11.  F.  White 
&  Son,  SS,  Fleet  Street.  E.C. 


T 


0    PUBLISHERS.— NOTED     AUTHOR,     in 

urgent  difficulty  re  Foreclosed  Mortgage,  wants  2,000/.  IMME- 
DIATE CASH.  Would  give  MSS.  of  Two  Long  Stories  and  next 
Two  Years'  Work,  or  come  to  any  other  arrangement.  Only  bona 
fide  replies  considered.— Address,  Box  1343,  Athenaeum  Press, 
13,  Bream's  Buildings,  London,  E.C. 

TO  BOOKSELLERS.— An  exceptional  oppor- 
tunity occurs  for  ACQUIRING  a  high-class  BOOKSELLING 
BUSINESS,  situate  in  the  centre  of  London.  Modern  premises  in 
prominent  position.  Rent  500J.  Lease  16  years  unexpired.  Turnover 
about  8.0001.  per  annum.  Lease  and  goodwill  600(.  Stock  and  Fittings 
at  valuation.  Further  particularsof  FRANCIS  NICHOLLS.WHITE  & 
CO.,  14.  Old  Jewry  Chambers.  London,  E.G.,  Chartered  Accouutants. 

MR.  P.  EVANS  LEWIN,  F.R.C.I.,  late  of  the 
Port  Elizabeth  (Cape  Colony)  and  Woolwich  Public  Libraries, 
is  prepared  to  CATALOGUE,  CLASSIFY,  and  REARRANGE 
COLONIAL  or  other  LIBRARIES.  Special  Bibliographies.  Library 
Association  Certificates  and  good  Testimonials.— 2,  Castle  Road, 
Bedford. 

LITERARY  RESEARCH  undertaken  at  the 
British  Museum  and  elsewhere  on  moderate  terms.  Excellent 
Testimonials.— A.  B.,  Box  1082,  Athenaeum  Press,  13,  Bream's 
Buildings,  Chancery  Lane,  E.C. 

rpRAINING   FOR  PRIVATE   SECRETARIAL 
±  WORK  AND  INDEXING. 

Secretarial  Bureau  :   52a.  CONDUIT  ST..  BOND  ST..  LONDON,  W- 
Founded  1895.  Telephone:  2420 GkkBARD. 

MISS   PETHERBRIDGE  (Nat.  Sci.  Tripos). 

Empi.oykii  ny  the  Inima  Offjck  as— Indexer  of  the  East  India 
Company's  Records :  Dutch  and  Portuguese  Translator. 

The  Drapers'  Company's  Records  Catalogued  and  Arranged. 

Indkxkk  of— The  Records  of  the  County  Borough  of  Cardiff;  The 
W'arrington  Town  Records  ;  The  Blue  Books  of  the  Royal  Commissions 
on  :  London  Traffic.  The  Supply  of  Food  in  Time  of  War,  Motor  Cars, 
Canals  and  Waterways  ;  The  Minutes  of  the  Education  Committee  of 
the  Somerset  County  Council. 

MISS  PETHERBRIDGE  trains  from  Three  to  Six  Pupils  every 
year  for  Private  Secretarial,  and  Special  Indexing  Work.  The 
training  is  one  of  Apprenticeship,  Pupils  starting  as  Junior  Members 
of  the  Staff  and  working  up  through  all  the  Branches.  It  is  practical, 
on  actual  work,  each  Pupil  being  individually  coached.  The  training 
consists  of  Indexing— which  includes  Research  Work  and  Precis 
Writing— Shorthand.  Typewriting,  and  Business  Training. 

THE  TECHNIQUE  OF  INDEXING.  By  Makv  Pethkubkidge. 
Ss.  3d.  post  free. 

ARUNDEL  CHROMOS.— Large  number  in 
Stock.  Many  rare  ones.  Send  stamp  for  this  Month's  List 
(giving  size  and  shape  of  each).  —  SAINT  J  CUE'S  UEPOT, 
Birmingham. 


TYPE- WRITING,  M.  per  1,000  words.  All 
kinds  of  MSS.,  Stories,  Plays.  Novels.  Ac.  accurately  TYPED. 
Clear  Carbon  Copies.  3if.  per  1,000.  References  to  well-known  Authors. 
Oxford  Higher  Local.— M.  KING.  24,  Forest  Road,  Kew  Gardens,  S.W. 

TYPE-WRITING.— NOVELS,  PLAYS, 
SERMONS,  and  other  MSS.  Accurate  work.  Short  Article! 
by  return  of  post.  Carbon  Copies.  Duplicating  Circulars.  Ac.  Legal 
and  General  Copying.— For  terms  apply  H.  T.  HOW,  «,  Pago  Street, 
Westminster,  S.W. 

TYPE-WRITING  undertaken  by  highly  educated 
Women  (Classical  Trijios ;  Cambridge  Higher  Local ;  Modern 
Languages).  Research,  Revision.  Translation,  shorthand.  Dictation 
Room.-THE  CAMBRIDGE  TYPEWRITING  AGENCY.  10,  Duke 
Street,  Adelphi,  W.C. 

A  UTHORS' MSS. , NOVELS,  STORI ES, PLAYS, 
A    essays  TYPE-WRITTEN  with  complete  accuracy,  M   per 

1,000  words.     Clear  Carbon   Copies  guamnt I.     Reference!  to  well- 
known  Writers. -M.  STUART.  Allendale.  Kyuiburlcy  Road,  Harrow. 


fin  PE-WR]  I  IN'.      The  WEST  M  I'ON 

1  •    Translation*.  *V 

Circulars.    4.  .     Duplicated       L'.unl    terms       Refer, 
fifteen    years. -HIKES    A    KIKi  HanunersmlUi 

Address  I  IS,  W.,li.  rlmi  Gardeu*.  HaiiimerniiiU.  i 


T1!  PE  WHITER     PLAYB   and  MSS.  oi 
description     Carbon  and  other   Implicate  oi    ManlfoUi 

IK. Alt.  i.i.  Haltland  1'  rerstock  Hill.  H  « 

KsUblisheil  IHH4. 


(Tatnlogncs. 


GLAISHK  US    REMAINDER   BOOK 
CATA  LOG  I    K. 
FEBRUARY    81  PPLEMBMT   NOW   KKAI.V, 
Comprising  all  mosi  reoanl  purchases  In 
PUI1L1SH  KRS'     RKMAINDKR     STOCK. 
Books  in  NEW  condition,  at  REDUCED  Prices. 
WILLIAM    GLAISHKR.    Remainder    and    Discount  Bookseller, 
High  llotborn,  Loudon. 


WOODCUTS.  EARLY  BOOKS.  MS8.,  Ac. 

LEIGHTON'S  ILLUSTRATED  CATALOGUE, 
Containing  1,880  Facsimiles. 
Thick  8vo.  art  cloth,  £6S. ;  halfiuorocco,  30s. 
Part  XIII..    Cal-Chrys,   with   Hit    Facsimiles,  including  Berners'e 
Froissart.   Cambridge   liin. lings,    Oapgrave,    l&Hi,   Cepio,   1477.    and  a 
large  collection  of  Early  Chronicles.  l.Yoic  ready.    J'rice-i*. 

J.  A  J.  LEIGHTON, 
40,  Brewer  Street.  Golden  Square,  London,  W 


A  NCIENT  and  MODERN   COINS.— Collectors 

X.  V.  and  Antiquarians  are  invited  to  apply  to  SPINK  A  SON, 
Limited,  lor  Specimen  Copy  .gratis!  of  their  NUMISMATIC  CIRCU- 
LAR The  finest  Greek,  Roman,  and  English  Coins  on  View  and  for 
Bale  at  Moderate  Prices.— 8PINK  A  SON.  Lihitkd.  F.xperta,  Valuers, 
and  Cataloguers,  16,  17,  and  IS,  Piccadilly,  London,  V  .  Established 
upwards  of  a  Century. 


M 


A    G   G   S        BROS., 

109,  Strand,  London,  W.C. 

DEALERS  IN  RARE  AND  VALUABLE  BOOKS, 

PRINTS,  AND  AUTOGRAPHS. 


CATALOGUES  sent  post  free  to  all  parts  of  the  World. 

Exi>ort  Orders  solicited. 

Telegraphic  and  Cable  Address:   "Bibliolite,  Loudon."— Telephone 

"  Gerrard  4084." 

MUDIE'S  LIBRARY  have  always  on  view  in 
their  spacious  Showrooms  a  large  and  varied  Stock  of  Books 
suitable  for  Presents  or  for  Private  Libraries.  If  unable  to  call,  write 
for  MONTHLY  CATALOGUES,  sent  free  to  any  Address  by  MUDIE'S 
SELECT  LIBRARY,  Ltd.,  30-34,  New  Oxford  Street.  London.  W.C. 

BERTRAM         DOBELL, 
SECONDHAND  BOOKSELLER  and  PUBLISHER. 
77.  Charing  Cross  Road.  London.  W.C. 
A  large  Stock    of    Old  and    Rare    Books  in     English  Literature, 
including  Poetry  and  the  Drama— Shakespeariana— First  Editions  of 
Famous  Authors— Manuscripts— Illustrated  Books,  Ac.  CATALOGUES 
free  on  application. 

BOOKS.— ALL  OUT-OF-PRINT  and  RARE 
BOOKS  on  any  subject  SUPPLIED.  The  most  expert  Book- 
finder  extant.  Please  state  wants  and  ask  for  CATALOGUE.  I  make 
a  special  feature  of  exchanging  any  Saleable  Books  for  others  selected 
from  iny  various  Lists.  Special  List  of  2,000  Books  I  particularly  want 
post  free.— EDW.  BAKER'S  Great  Bookshop,  14-16.  John  Bright 
Street.  Birmingham.  Oscar  Wilde's  Poems,  21S.,  for  10s.  ed. ;  Ballad 
of  Reading  Gaol,  58.     Who  s  Who.  2  vols.  1907,  lis.  net,  for  5s. 

CATALOGUE  No.  48.— Drawings  of  the  Early 
English  School— Turner's  Liber  Studiorum.  and  other  Engravings 
after  Turner— Etchings  by  Turner,  S.  Palmer.  Whistler — lapanese 
Colour-Prints— Fine-Art  Books— Works  by  Ruskin.  Post  free,  Six- 
pence.—WM.  WARD,  2.  Church  Terrace,  Richmond,  Surrey. 


c 


JUST  ISSUED. 

ATALOGUE 


(No.      235) 


RARE    BOOKS    ON    TOPOGRAPHY    OF   GREAT    BRITAIN 

AND  IRELAND.  HERALDRY',  FOREIGN  VOYAGES 

AND  TRAVELS,  NATURAL  HISTORY, 

ON   SALE   BY 

M  A  G  G  S         BROS., 

Dealers  in  Fine  and  Rare  Books,  Prints  and  Autographs 
109.  STRAND.  LONDON,  W.C. 

Other  CLASSIFIED  CATALOGUES  [many  illustrated)  are  current 
and  will  be  sent  post  free  on  application. 

"DEALERS    AND   COLLECTORS  should  write 

AX  for  J.  BALDWIN'S  MONTHLY  CATALOGUE  of  SECOND- 
HAND BOOKS,  post  free  on  application.  Genuine  bargains  in  First 
Editions  and  Scarce  Items.  Books  in  all  Branches  of  Literature. 
No  fancy  prices. — Address  14.  Osborne  Road,  Lejton,  Essex. 

pAYSON'S    BOOK    COMPENDIUM. 

JL\j    Contains  Books  of  varied  Character  to  suit  all  tastes.     Includes 

many  from  the  dispersed  Libraries  of  the  late  Lord  Rramptou,  Lord 

and  Lady  Warwick  and  other  eminent  previous  Owners. 

No.  1  now  ready.  i>ost  free  to  applicants. 

R.  RAYSON  (Book  Reiwrter),  90.  High  Road,  Chiswick,  W. 

Books  on  Special  Subjects  quickly  reported. 


Jlittljcrs'  ^.gntts. 

rPHE  AUTHOR'S  AGENCY.— Established  1S79. 

J.  The  Interests  of  Authors  capably  represented.  Agreements  for 
Publishing  arranged.  MSS.  placed  with  Publishers.— Terms  and  Testi 
Hernials  on  application  to  Mr.  A.  M.  BCRGUES,  34.  Paternoster  Row 

MR.  GEORGE  LARNER,  Accountant  and 
Licensed  Valuer  to  the  Bookselling,  Publishing.  Newspaper, 
Printing,  and  Stationary  Trades.  Partnerships  Arranged.  Balance 
Sheets  and  Trading  Accounts  Prepared  and  Audited.  All  Bnstn— 
eairied  out  under  Mr.  Lanier's  personal  supervision.  —  28,  29.  an.l  un. 
I'nternoster  Ro%r,  E.C,  Secretary  to  the  Booksellers'  Provident 
Institution. 


Printers. 


\T!IKN'.i;i'M     PRKSS.-JOHN     EDWARD 

.    \       PKANCIH    i 

pfepc 

and   Pl.RloDli  AL     PRI.NTINU.-U.  Breau.  •  Buildujgs.  Ck 


Stales  by  Auction. 


Boot*  and  Manuscripts. 

MRS   801  ffEBY,  WILKINSON  ft  HODQI 
will  BELL  bj    I  •    Wellington 

Strand,     W.C.    ob     TUESDAY,     February      11 


Following  l>ay»,  at  l  o'clock  precisely,  BOOKS  ano  MA.'- 

-ii..;  the  Property  of  Mrs    li     H    lAROEY;    the  Library  of 
Mrs.  WF.sLl  M. .Hand  Park  A<enue  ;  the  Proi*rtyo< 


II  BANDFORD  CLAYE,  Esq.  Macclesfield  ,  Hie  I-roi*-rt)  of  A  H 
MILLER.    Esq.,    Horsham;     the    Properly    of    It.    PKLTON      K*q 

ridge  Wells;  a   Portion   of   the   Library  of    H.    BUM.  I'. 
Wormley  Bury,  Broxbourne.  HerU,  an.l  oil  .dint 

Vale  Press  Publications,  illustrate!  French  Works — Angling  Book* — 
H.  am.  -  Works,  BBtoU.  .many  of  which  are  on  Large  Paper—  First 
Edition!  of  Maasinger*!  Plays— Transactions  of  the  //« 1'^lcal 
Bociety.  IT  vols— Goulds  Birds  of  Ana.  7  vols  —Tracts—  HoinetB 
Bociety's  Facsimile  R. -print-.,  U  sols.— .Historical  and  classical 
Worlu  —  Poetry  —  Topography  —  Arabian  | 

Nights.    16  v.  Large-Paper    Coplei    of     Mo.Jern    Work*— 

Wnitakers  Loidisand  Klmete.  and  Tl.orekl.i  b  Imrntui  I>-o<lie: 
Whltaker,  1816— First     Editions  of  the  Writings  of  I;    '■' 
o.  W    Holme.  .).(■     Whittier.  J.    It.   l-owell,    N.   Usui' 
Longfellow,  and  Walt  Whitman— The  <  or*air.  with   lx,nti 
W.   M.   Thackeray— FuchsJui    de    Uistoria    Stiri'ium.    IM2,  4e  —  >n 
Original  Autograph    Manuscript   ol    Kolierl  "'j.-.rt  Mono 

—Documents  and  Letters— Boxburghe  Club  Publication*.  Ac. 

May  lie  viewed.     Catalogues  may  1*  had. 


The  Library  of  H.  C.   DHL'S. SI ya,   Key.,  deceased,  late  of 
Hove,  Brighton,  and  tlie  Stock  Exchange,  London. 

MESSRS.  SOTHEBY,  WILKINSON  k  HODGE 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION  at  tb.ir  House.  No.  13,  Wellington 
Street.  Strand.  W.C. on  MONDAY.  February  1".  at  1  o'clock  precisely. 
BOOKS  aad  MANUSCRIPTS,  comprising  the  Prcr*rtv  of  the  late 
Miss  CAROLINE  EVERARD,  Laverstock  Hall.  Salisbury,  and  the 
LIBRARY  of  H.  C.  BRONNING,  Esq.,  deceased,  lata  of  Hove, 
Brighton,  and  the  Stock  Exchange,  London,  and  other  Properties, 
including  Natural  History  Books— First  Editions  of  the  Writings  of 
Dickens.  Scott.  Rogers.  Ac. — Boydell's  Shakespeare  Prints,  1803 — 
Books  Illustrated  by  Thomas  Bewick— Dickens  s  Pickwick  Papers. 
with  extra, Plates,  1837— La  Fontaine.  Contea,  'J  vols.  iFermiers 
Qeneraux  Edition),  17<2—  Books  illustrated  by  Eisen  and  other 
celebrated  French  Artists— a  fine  collection  of  Modern  Art  Books— 
a  few  Volumes  in  Special  Bindings  executed  by  the  Guild  of  Women 
Binders,  &c. 

May  be  viewed  two  days  prior.    Catalogues  maybe  had. 

Terra-Cotta  and  other  Antiquities. 

MESSRS.  SOTHEBY,  WILKINSON  &  HODGE 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  House.  No  IS,  Wellington 
Street.  Strand,  W.C.  on  TUESDAY.  February  ]?.  at  1  o'clock 
precisely.  ANTIQUITIES,  CHINA.  4c— a  Collection  of  Vessels  in 
Ancient  Glass— Terra-Cotta  Figures  and  Vases— Gold  Ornaments- 
varied  Objects  In  Bronze,  Silver,  Bone,  Ac— Bead  Necklaces,  dib 
covered  in  Excavations  at  Kertch.— a  few  Pieces  of  Oriental  Porcelain 
— Roman  Lamps  in  Bronze  and  Terra-Cotta,  Ac 

May  be  viewed  two  days  prior.    Catalogues  may  be  had. 


The  valuable  Collection  of  Greek  Coins,  the  Property  of 
FREDERIC  ANDREW  INDERW1CK,  Esq.,  K.C. 
deceased. 

MESSRS.  SOTHEBY,  WILKINSON*  HODGE 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  House,  No.  13,  Wellington 
Street.  Strand.  W.C.,  on  THURSDAY.  Februarv  27.  and  Following 
Day,  at  1  o'clock  precisely,  GREEK  COINS  in  Gold  and  Silver,  of 
Italy,  Sicily,  Greece,  Ac.  ;  ROMAN  COINS  of  Consular  and  Imperial 
Issues,  in  Gold,  Silver,  and  Bronze;  ANCIENT  BRITISH  and 
ENGLISH  COINS  in  Gold  and  Silver;  ANGLO-GALLIC  and 
FOREIGN  COINS.   Coin  Cabinets.  Books,   Ac.  the  Propertv  of  the 

Herrn  R N .  of  Hamburg,  and    ot    the  late   FREDERIC 

ANDREW  INDERWICK.  Esq..  K.C.  and  the  COLLECTION  of 
GREEK.  ROMAN,  and  ENGLISH  COINS.  Tradesmen's  Tokens  and 
Town  Tokens  of  the  Seventh  Century,  formed  by  Dr.  G.  C  WILLIAM- 
SON, F.R.N.  S. 

May  be  viewed  two  days  prior.    Catalogues  may  be  had.    Illustrated 
Copies,  Is.  each  post  free. 

Valuable  Miscellaneous  Bookz.  including  the  Modern 
Library  of  a  Gentleman, 

MESSRS.  HODGSON  ft  CO.  will  SELL  bv 
AUCTION,  at  their  Rooms.  115.  Chancerv  Lane.  W.C.  M 
WEDNESDAY.  February  12.  and  Two  Following  Days,  at  1  o'clock. 
VALUABLE  MISCELLANEOUS  BOOKS  as  above,  including  Birch  I 
London  Churches  of  the  Seventeenth  Century— Hutchins's  History  of 
Dorset.  4  vols. — Staffordshire  Historical  Collections.  17  vols.— Viollet- 
le-Duc  Dietionnaire  Raisonne  de  l'Architecture.  10  vols. — and  other 
Antiquarian  Topographical,  and  Architectural  Books— Library  Edition 
of  Ruskin,  32  Tola,  handsomely  liound— The  Border  Waverley,  4S  vols, 
and  other  Sets  of  the  Novelists— Carlyle  s  Works,  best  Library  Edition. 
S4  vols.— Standard  Historical  Works  and  Memoirs— the  Writings  of 
Bymonds,  Swinburne.  Stevenson  and  other  Modern  Authors— Booth's 
Rough  Notes  on  British  Birds.  :t  vols— Elliott  s  Family  of  Hornhills 
—  Annates  de  la  Societe  Entomologique.  52  vols.  1834-1901— Geological 
Society's  Journal.  55  voli.  1S511903— Telegraph  and  Electrical  Fn 
gineers"  Journal.  39  vols.  1872-1907— and  other  Natural  History  an.l 
Scientific  Books— Encyclopaedia  Britannica.  Tenth  Edition,  36  vols  — 
The  Century  Dictionary,  fi  vols.— Punch,  100  vols.  Ac. 
To  be  viewed  and  Catalogues  had. 

Valuable  Books,  including  the  Reference  Library  of  the  lute 
W\  DIQBYBtq.,  CLE.  Editor  of  J/uiui. 

MESSRS.   PUTTICK  &  SIMPSON  will  SELL 
by  AUCTION  at   their   House,    4T.    Ix-ice»ter    Square.    Wc. 
on  WEDNESDAY.  Fehrnarv  19.  and  Following  Div.  at  10  minutes 
past  1  o'clock  preciselv.  the  LIBRARY  of  the  late  W.  DIGBY.   1- 
C.l  K..    and    other   Properties,    including    a    large    and    imnortint 
Collection  of  Works  relating  to  India  and  British  Indian  Administra- 
tion—Hansard's Parliamentary  Debates  to  date— the  latest  llilion  of 
the     Encyclopaedia     Britannica— a    small     Collection    of     Books   of 
Wordsworthian      Interest     from    the    Rydnl    Mount    Bala     In 
including  Wordsworth's  Cony  of  Keats's   Kndymion.   earliest  issu.-. 
in  boards    uncut— Keats's  Ijvmia  and  Fielding's  Voyage   to   Lisbon 
in  the  same   state— many  interesting   Presentation    Copies— Minn 
scripts  and  Autograph  Letters    of   Esteemed    Authors  —  Americana 
—rare  Pamphlets  by  Nicholas  Breton   and   the    Early   Drnmat II 
Rooks  illustrated  by  Kowlandson  and  Crnikshank— Books  of  Costume 
with  Coloured  Plates— Library  Sets  of  Standard  Authors  and  other 
valuable  and  interesting  Items. 

Catalogues  may  be  had. 


No.  4189,  Feb.  8,  1908 


THE     ATHENAEUM 


147 


The  Scientific  and  Natural  History  Libraries  of  tlte  late 
Prof.  STEWART  and  others. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  OFFER  for  SALE  on 
TUESDAY,  February  11,  at  half-jiast  12  o'clock,  the  above, 
which  will  include  the  Kay  Society's  Works— the  Journals  of  various 
Scientific  Societies— Seehohm's  Classification  of  Birds— Proceedings  of 
the  Royal  Society— Transactions  of  the  Limuean  Society— Portfolio 
of  Prints  and  Etchings;  al6o  Keichenbachia,  First  and  Second  Series 
— Lindenia,  Parts  1  to  611,  &c. 

Catalogues  on  application  to  the  AUCTIONEER,  3S,  King  Street, 
Covent  Garden,  London,  W.C. 

Curiosities. 
TUESDAY,  February  18,  at  half -past  12  o'clock. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  OFFER  at  his 
Rooms,  38,  King  Street,  Covent  Garden,  London,  W.C.  Rare 
and  interesting  BRONZES  from  BENIN— a  unique  Collection  of 
Pipes,  Medicine  Horns,  &c,  from  Bali,  W.  Africa— Beakers,  Goblets. 
&c,  from  Uganda— Knives  and  Weapons  from  the  Congo— Old  Carved 
Wood  Painted  Masks,  Bismarck  Archipelago— Carved  Wood  Paddles, 
&c.  Also  a  Collection  of  Baxter  Prints— Chinese  and  Japanese 
Bronzes,  Cloisonne,  &c. — and  a  great  Variety  of  Curios  from  all  Parts. 
On  view  day  prior  10  to  5  and  morning  of  Sale.  Catalogues  on 
application. 


Sales  of  Miscellaneous  Property. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  begs  to  announce  that 
SALES  are  held  EVERY  FRIDAY,  at  his  Rooms,  38.  King 
Street,  Covent  Garden.  London,  W.C.,  for  the  disposal  of  MICIIO- 
WOPKS,  SLIDES,  and  OBJECTIVES- Telescopes-Theodolites— 
Levels— Electrical  and  Scientific  Instruments— Cameras,  Lentes,  and 
all  kinds  of  Photographic  Apparatus — Optical  Lanterns,  with  Slides 
and  all  Accessories  in  great  variety  by  Best  Makers — Household 
Furniture— Jewellery— and  other  Miscellaneous  Property. 
On  view  Thursday  2  to  5  and  morning  of  Sale. 

">,f~ESSRS.  CHRISTIE,    MANSON   &   WOODS 

*  *X  respectfully  give  notice  that  they  will  hold  the  following 
SALES  by  AUCTION  at  their  Great  Rooms,  King  Street,  St.  James's 
Square,  the  Sales  commencing  at  1  o'clock  precisely :— 

On   WEDNESDAY,    February   12,    ENGRAV- 
INGS and  ETCHINGS. 

On  THURSDAY,  February  13,  OLD  ENGLISH 

SILVER  PLATE  from  various  Sources. 

On    FRIDAY,     February     14,     PORCELAIN, 

DECORATIVE  FURNITURE,  and  TAPESTRY  from  various 
Sources. 

On  SATURDAY,  February  15,  and  MONDAY, 

February  17,  the  COLLECTION  of  PICTURES  and  DRAWINGS  of 
the  late  CHARLES  A.  D.  HALFORD,  Esq. 


JKagasfitua,  &r. 


A     R     Y 


flONTEMPOR 

\J  REVIEW.    FEBRUARY.    2s.  6d. 

TARIFF  REFORM  METHODS.    By  Unionist. 

1  HE  EDUCATION  QUESTION.    By  the  Bishop  of  Southwark. 

THE  COMING  EDUCATION  BILL.    By  Sir  George  White,  M.P. 

OLD-AGE  PENSIONS   AND  THE   BELONGINGLESS   POOR.    By 

Edith  Sellers. 
THE   LOVE   OF   LIBERTY   AND    THE    LOVE   OF    TRUTH.    By 

P.  T.  Forsyth,  D.D. 
THE    GROWTH    OF    THE    WORLD.      By  the   late   Sir   Spencer 

Waljiole. 
BELGIUM   OPINION   ON  THE  CONGO   QUESTION.    By  Georges 

Lorand. 
THE  LIMITS  OF  DIRECT  TAXATION.    By  Hilaire  Belloc. 
THE  FAIR  COMPLEXION.    By  Frederick  Boyle. 
CHRISTIAN  MISSIONS  IN   CHINA:   a   Report.    By  F.  W.  Fox. 

Prof.  Alexander  Macalister,  and  Sir  Alexander  Simpson. 
FOREIGN  AFFAIRS.    By  Dr.  E.  T.  Dillon. 
LITERARY  SUPPLEMENT  :- 

.Mr.  Scott  Lidgett  on  the  Christian  Religion ;  Dr.  A.  M.  Fairbairn. 

REVIEWS. 

London :  HORACE  MARSHALL  &  SON. 


THE    BUILDER  (founded    1842),    4,    Catherine 
Street,  London,  W.C,  FEBRUARY  8th,  contains  :— 
THE  DESIGNS  FOR  THE  LONDON  COUNTY  HALL. 
AQUEDUCTS  OF  ANCIENT  ROME.-V. 
INSTITUTE  OF  ARCHITECTS:  Addresses  to  Students. 
THE  BRITISH  SCHOOL  AT  ROME. 
NOTES  FROM  SCOTLAND. 

REINFORCED  CONCRETE  BEAM  FORMULAE  (Student's 
Calumn). 
ILLUSTRATIONS  : 

THE  SELECTED   DESIGN   FOR  THE   LONDON  COUNTY 

HALL  (Elevations,  Section,  and  Plans) ; 
RENAISSANCE  AND  MODERN   CHURCHES  OF  PARIS 

II.  Val  dfl  Grace  : 
REMAINS  OF  AQUEDUCTS  OF  ANCIENT  ROME  (2  plates). 

From  Offices  as  above  (4cZ.,  bj'  post  4%d.),  at  Rail- 
way Bookstalls,  Bookshops,  and  of  all  Newsagents. 


ELEVENTH    EDITION    NOW    READY. 
Price  Two  Shillings  net. 

/CELESTIAL    MOTIONS:    a    Handy    Book    of 

\J      Aftronomy.      Ele\enth   Edition.      With  6  Plates.      By  W.  T. 
\,  B.A.  F.K.A.8. 
"  Well  known  as  one  of  our  beet  introductions  to  astronomy." 

Guardian. 
London : 
SAMUEL  BAGSTER  4  80N8,  Ldiitkii.  IB,  Paternoster  Row. 


SECOND  EDITION  NOW  READY,  price  One  Shilling. 

BRIEF  LESSONS  ON  THE  PARABLES  AND 
MIRACLES    OF    OUB    LORD      With  an   Appendix   on   tho 
of  the  4|K»tlei  and  4  Mum.    By  W.  T.  LYNN,  B.A.  F.R.A.S. 
Asiaiciatc  of  King's  OoUegVi  London, 

"That  praiseworthy  little  liook."— Guardian,  August  22,  1008. 

London : 
SAMUEL  BAGSTER  *  SONS.  Liuitui,  16.  Paternoster  Row. 


FROM   MESSES.    DENT'S   LIST. 

ST.  CATHERINE  OF  SIENA.     By  Edmund  G.  Gardner,  Author 

of  'Dukes  and  Poets  in  Ferrara,'  'The  Story  of  Florence,'  &c.  With  an  Appendix  containing 
some  hitherto  Unpublished  Letters  of  St.  Catherine.  A  Study  in  the  Italian  Religion, 
Literature,  and  History  of  the  Fourteenth  Century.     Illustrated  in  Photogravure,  18s.  net. 

"St.  Catherine  has  been  the  theme  of  a  good   many  recent  books But  the  most  elaborate  and 

comprehensive  biography  is  that  of   Mr.    Edmund  G.    Gardner,  who  writes  with  obvious  sympathy  and 

with  a  full  knowledge  of  all  the  materials An  interesting  book." — Daily  Telegraph. 

"No  better  interpretation  either  of  the  character  of  St.  Catherine  or  the  great  part  which  she 
played  in  Italy  in  the  dramatic  century  in  which  her  lot  was  cast  has  ever  appeared  in  the  English 
language. " — Standard. 

THE  OLD  VENETIAN  PALACES  AND  OLD  VENETIAN  FOLK. 

By  THOMAS  OKEY,  Author  of  '  Venice  and  its  Story  '  (now  in  its  Third  Edition).  50  Illustra- 
tions in  Colour,  and  many  in  Line  by  TREVOR  HADDON,  R.B.A.,  and  several  reproductions 
from  the  Works  of  JOHN  RUSKIN,  4to,  cloth,  11.  Is.  net. 

"A  volume  of  quite  exceptional  charm  and  interest Mr.  Haddon's  illustrations  are  very  beautiful ; 

he  has  caught  the  true  inwardness  of  Venetian  scenery Certainly  a  book  to  possess." — Guardian. 

"  Lovers  of  Venice  and  students  of  her  ancient  architecture  will  wisely  pack  in  their  bags  against 
their  next  visit  Mr.  Okey's  volume." — Outlook. 

THE  OLD  SILVER  SACRAMENTAL  VESSELS   OF   FOREIGN 

PROTESTANT    CHURCHES    IN    ENGLAND.      By    E.    ALFRED  JONES,    Author  of    'A 
Catalogue  of  the  Royal  Plate  at  Windsor  Castle,'  '  Old  English  Gold  Plate,'  &c.     Illustrated  by 
4  Photogravures  and  18  Half-Tone  Illustrations.     Roj-al  4to,  11.  Is.  net. 
"  An  excellent  book,  forming  a  permanent  record  of  charming  and  valuable  works  of  art." 

Morning  Post. 

FLOWER   GROUPING    IN    ENGLISH,   SCOTCH,    AND   IRISH 

GARDENS.    Text  by  ROSE  KINGSLEY,  "  E.V.B.,"  the  Hon.  EMILY  LAWLESS,  WALTER 

P.  WRIGHT,  F.  GALSWORTHY,  W.  RICHMOND  POWELL,  &c.     56  Illustrations  in  Colour 

and  Notes  by  MARGARET  WATERFIELD.     Square  crown  4to,  11.  Is.  net. 

"A  very  handsome   volume,  finely   illustrated  with    picturings  of  what  has  been  done  in   many 

gardens  of  the  United  Kingdom.     Miss  Waterfield  has  had  the  help  of  able  contributors,  and  has  given 

garden-lovers  not  only  a  book,  but  an  ideal,  nay,  many  ideals." — Spectator. 

' '  Miss  Waterfield  has  had  the  passport  of  talent  through  many  of  the  most  beautiful  and  famous 
gardens  in  the  three  kingdoms,  and  has  put  their  attractions  on  record  with  a  grace  and  fidelity  that  lack 
little  of  the  original,  save  the  perfume  and  the  sunshine." — Pall  Mall  Gazette. 

V  A  Companion  Volume  to  '  GARDEN  COLOUR,'  now  in  its  FOURTH  EDITION. 

JAMES    FRANCIS    EDWARD,    THE    OLD    CHEVALIER.    By 

MARTIN  HAILE,  Author  of  'Mary  of  Modena,  Queen  of  James  II.'  Illustrated  in  Photo- 
gravure, 16s.  net. 

"Martin  Haile  has  written  a  scholarly  book,  beautifully  designed,  beautifully  illustrated,  equipped 
with  references  so  thorough  as  to  supersede  the  need  of  a  bibliography,  and  produced  in  such  a  way  as 
to  prepossess  the  reader  strongly  in  its  favour. " — Nation. 

"  Mr.  Haile  is  to  be  cordially  congratulated.     His  monograph,  beautifully  produced  and  illustrated, 

represents  an  honest,  painstaking,  and  distinguished  piece  of  work In  the  future,  whenever  Stuart 

and  Orange  periods  are  under  consideration,  Mr.  Haile's  estimate  will  have  to  be  reckoned  with His 

well-written  and  picturesque  study  will  be  read  and  discussed  by  those  responsible  for  a  just  view  of 
history  for  years  to  come." — Daily  Telegraph. 

V  This  Volume  forms  a  sequel  to  the  same  Author's  'MARY  OF  MODENA,  QUEEN 
OF  JAMES  II.' 


CITIES  OF  ITALY.    By  Arthur  Symons.    A  Collection  of  Essays 

dealing  with  Rome,  the  Improvement  of  Rome,  Venice,  the  Waters  of  Venice,  Naples,  Ravenna, 
Pisa,  Siena,  Verona,  Bologna,  Bergamo,  Lorenzo  Lotto,  Brescia,  and  Roumanino  ;  and  '  On  a 
Rembrandt  in  Milan.'     Crown  Svo,  4s.  6cZ.  net. 

"The  author  has  many  gifts  which  give  his  essays  distinction  and  charm." — Daily  Telegraph. 

"  Mr.  Symons  is  always  picturesque,  and  his  book  is  a  delightful  record  of  pleasant  hours  in  a  sunny 
land. " — Manchester  Guardian. 


SIR  GEORGE   GREY:  Pioneer 

of  Empire  in  Southern  Lands.  By  Prof.  (i.  C. 
HENDERSON,  M.A.,  of  Adelaide  University. 
With  numerous  Portraits,  Illustrations,  and 
Maps.     Cloth,  12s.  6d.  net. 

[Prospectus  post  j'n  e, 

"A  remarkable  book  about  a  remarkable  man." 

Daily  News. 
"  A  valuable  contribution  to  the  history  of  the 
British  Empire." — Athtnwum. 

' '  Prof.  Henderson's  remarkably  ablo  study  of  a 
distinguished  man  might  servo  as  a  model  to 
future  biographies." — Daily  Telegraph. 


ABRAHAM      LINCOLN.       By 

HENRY    BRYAN    BINNS,    Author    of   'A 
Life    of    Walt    Whitman.'     With    many    Por- 
trait and  other  Illustrations,  crown  Svo",  cloth, 
■is.   Qd.  net.     (Now   Volumo  in   "The  Temple 
Biographies.") 
"An  uncommonly  able  study  of  a  strange  and 
in  some  ways  still  puzzling  personality,  and  English 
readers  should  be  very  grateful  to  one  of  their OM  □ 
nation  for  such  a  picture  of  a  very  great  man.'' 

Trihuin  . 
"A  careful  and  interesting  study  of  President 
Lincoln.      He   tells   us    more    than    the    ordinary 
biographer  of  the  intimate  persona]  life." 

Wutnunater  Gazette. 


Please  write  for  CATALOGUE  and  PROSPECTUSES  of  aboue  Books  post  free  on  application. 
J,    M.    DENT    <fc    CO.   Aldine     House,    29    and    SO,    Bedford    Street,    London,    W.C. 


I  18 


T  II  E     AT  II  ENJEUM 


No.  U89,  Fi .!■..  8,  1908 


KEGAN    PAUL,  TRENCH,  TRUBNEE   &  CO.,  Ltd. 


NOW   READY. 


A    SELECTION    FROM    SPRING    LIST. 

THE   PEOPLE  OF  THE 
POLAR  NORTH. 

Compiled    from    the    Danish 


With  150  Illustrations  in 


A    Record  by    KM' I)  RASMUSSEN. 

on'inals,  and  Edited  by  G.  HERRING. 

Colour    and   Blaok    and  White.      By  Count    HARAL1)    MOLTKE. 

Buper-royal  8vo,  prioe  21a.  net. 


THE  SAVIOUR  OF  THE  WORLD. 

Vol.  I.  The  Holy  Infancy.  By  CHARLOTTE  M.  MASON.  Fcap. 
8vo,  cloth,  illustrated,  price  3«.  bd.  net. 

A  SKETCH  OF  ANGLO- 
INDIAN  LITERATURE. 

By  EDWARD  FARLEY  OATEN,  B.A.  LL.B.  (Cantab.).  The  1907 
Cambridge  University  Le  Bas  Essay.     Crown  8vo,  price  5s.  net. 

THE  INNER  MAN. 

Studies  in  Essential  Bible  Truth.     By  ALLEN   B.    WOODWARD. 

Crown  8vo,  cloth,  price  5s.  net. 
Containing  a   critical   investigation   of   the   spiritual   element   in    man's 
0  institution,  the  book  affords   a  concise  view  of  the  most  interesting  and 
vital  problems  in  theology. 

SIR  LEWIS  MORRIS'S 
COMPLETE  WORKS. 

Final  Edition.  Containing  Additional  Poems  and  Emendations,  passed 
for  press  only  a  few  days  before  the  Author's  death.  Demy  8vo, 
price  68. 

POEMS  OF  LOVE  AND  DEATH. 

By  LADY  LINDSAY,  Author  of  'The  Prayer  of  St.  Scholastica,' 
'From  a  Venetian  Balcony,'  'Godfrey's  Quest,' &c.  Fcap.  8vo,  cloth 
gilt,  price  3s.  6d.  net. 

Lady. — "Veritable   gems,  perfect  alike  in  thought  and  technique 

is  written  with  classic  grace  and  dignity The  little  volume  will  be  bought 

and  read  and  treasured  by  all  lovers  of  true  poetry,  and  will  most  certainly 
enhance  its  author's  already  high  reputation— place  her,  in  fact,  among  the 
foremost  of  living  women  poets." 

NEW   EDITION. 

THE  DISCIPLES. 

By  H.  E.  HAMILTON  KING.  Post  8vo,  cloth,  price  Is.  6d.  net; 
leather,  2s.  net.  [Dryden  Library. 

LADY  LINDSAY'S 
SELECTED  POEMS. 

Post  8vo,  cloth,  price  Is.  Gd.  net ;  leather,  2s.  net.       [Drydcn  Library. 

HISTORY  OF  THE  GERMAN 
PEOPLE,  AT  THE  CLOSE 
OF  THE  MIDDLE  AGES. 

By   JOHANNES    JANSSEN.      Translated    by  A.    M.    CHRISTIE. 

Now  ready,  Vols.  XI.  and  XII.     Demy  8vo,  price  25s.  per  two  volumes. 


SOCIETY  SIN   AND 
THE   SAVIOUR. 


Eight  Addresses  by  Father  BERNARD  VAUGHAN,  Author  of  'The 
Sins  of  Society.'     Crown  8vo,  cloth,  pri<  ■ 

INTERNATIONAL    SCIENTIFIC    SERIES. 

THE  EVOLUTION  OF 
MODERN  PHYSICS. 

By  LUCIEN  POINCARE.  Crown  Svo,  price  5«. 
Scotsman. — "Many  hooks  of  this  kind  have  been  written,  but  few  indeed, 
if  an}',  which  put  this  complex,  many-sided  matter  with  equ  il  precision  and 
sound  learning.  The  volume  cannot  but  prove  highly  serviceable  to  readers 
who  wish  a  quick  and  reliable  introduction  to  a  special  knowledge  of  the 
recent  advancement  in  natural  science." 

THE  EVOLUTION  OF  FORCES. 

By  Dr.  GUSTAVE  LE  BON.     Crown  8vo,  price  5«. 
An    original  work  on    the   nature  of   energy,   specially  written   for  the 
International  .Scientific  Series,  by  the  Author  of  'L'Evolution  de  la  Matiere." 


INTRODUCTION  TO  THE 
SCIENCE  OF  ELECTRICITY. 

Lectures  by  BRUNO  KOLBE,  Chief  Science  Master  at  St.  Anna's 
School,  St.  Petersburg.  Edited  and  Revised  by  the  Author  for  pub- 
lication in  England.  Authorized  Translation  by  JOSEPH  SKELLON, 
formerly  Master  at  Beaumont  College,  Old  Windsor.  With  76  Illus- 
trations.    Demy  8vo,  price  10s.  6eZ.  net. 


THE    INTERNATIONAL    CATHOLIC    LIBRARY. 

NEW    VOLUMES. 

THE  CATHOLIC  CHURCH, 
THE  RENAISSANCE  AND 
PROTESTANTISM. 

By  ALFRED  BAUDRILLART,   Rector  of  the  Catholic  Institute  of 
Paris.     Translated  by  Mrs.  PHILIP  GIBBS.     Price  7s.  6<f. 

THE  BEGINNINGS  OF  THE 
TEMPORAL  POWER 
OF  THE  POPES. 

By  Mgr.  L.    DUCHESNE,  D.D.     Authorized  Translation  by  A.  H. 
MATHEW.     Price  7s.  M.  net. 


MILITARY.— NOW   READY. 

CLAUSEWITZ   ON  WAR. 

Translated  from  the  German  of  Gen.  CARL  VON  CLAUSEWITZ  by 
Col.  J.  J.  GRAHAM.  New  Edition,  Revised  by  Col.  L.  ML  MAUDE, 
C.B.     3  vols,  demy  Svo,  price  21s.  net. 

THE   CAMPAIGN   OF 
SANTIAGO  DE  CUBA. 

By  Capt.  H.  H.  SARGENT.     3  vols,  large  crown  Svo,  price  21s.  net. 

WHAT  TO  KNOW  FOR '  C '  EXAM. 

By  Capt.  J.  C.  HARDING  NEWMAN.  Illustrated.  Fcap.  Svo. 
price  3s.  6d.  net. 
United  Service  Magazine — "It  would  be  difficult  to  exaggerate  the 
merits  of  this  excellent  little  work,  which  is  far  more  than  a  mere  aid  to 
passing  in  '  C ' ;  it  is  a  genuine  guide  to  knowledge  within  the  limits  of  the 
subjects  specified.  The  student  will  find  that  he  is  not  only  given  the 
information  he  requires,  but  also  taught  how  to  set  about  employing  it  to 
the  best  advantage  when  it  has  been  obtained."' 


KEGAN  PAUL,  TRENCH,  TRUBNER  &  CO.,  Ltd.,  Dryden  House,  Garrard  Street,  W. 


THE     RHINE. 


By   H.   J.   MACKINDER, 

Sometime  Reader  in  Geography  in  the  University  of  Oxford  ;  Director  of  the  London  School  of  Economics,  &c. 
Fully    Illustrated    after    Water    Colours    by    Mrs.    JAMES    JARDINE,    with    2    Folding    Maps    in    Colour,    and    Index. 

Large  fcap.  4to  (9  by  6§  in.),  gilt  top,  20s.  net.  [Prospectus  upon  application. 

Mr.  Mackinder  has  made  a  life-long  study  of  the  Rhine  Valley  and  its  history.  No  such  authoritative  or  readable  work  has  hitherto  appeared  upon 
the  great  River  :  the  course  of  which — whether  as  "Priest  Street,"  the  great  European  trans-continental  trade  route,  or  as  the  determining  factor  in  many 
an  international  struggle — lias  more  deeply  and  more  consistently  influenced  European  history  than  any  other  force,  natural  or  human. 

PHOTO-RELIEFS. 

Among  the  various  recent  advances  in  photography,  few,  if  any,  are  more  striking  than  that  whereby — as  perfected  by  the  well-known  firm  of 
GIACOMO  BROGI — a  flat  surface  offers  to  the  beholder  the  illusion  of  a  modelling  in  relief.  Printed  in  the  colours  of  the  original  Delia  Robbias,  and  other 
subjects,  these  Photo-Reliefs  are  confidently  recommended  to  the  attention  of  all  lovers  of  Italian  Art,  other  than  the  purely  graphic. 

The  sole  English  agency  for  the  large  coloured  Photo-Reliefs  of  Giacomo  Brogi  is  vested  in  Messrs.  CHATTO  &  WINDUS,  who  will  have 
the  first  subjects  ready  early  in  March.  In  the  meantime,  Messrs.  CHATTO  &  WINDUS  will  be  happy  to  send  their  complete  illustrated  Prospectus  post 
free  upon  application. 

THE     BOOK     OF     ELIZABETHAN     YERSE.       Chosen    and    Edited,    with    Notes,    Index    of     Authors,     Biographical     Index    of 

Authors,  and  Index  of  First  Lines,  by  WILLIAM  STANLEY  BRAITHWAITE.     The  Title  with  Vignette  Woodcut  Reproduction  of  a  View  of  Whitehall  Palace  in  1590 ; 
the  Frontispiece  a  Photogravure  Reproduction  after  the  Charming  Plate  'Cupid   Seated  on  Clouds,'  engraved  by  W.   S.  REYNOLDS  after  W.  OWEN.     Pp.850,  small 
crown  8vo,  cloth,  gilt  top,  6s.  net. 
Also  in  whole  vellum,  with  Indian  Proof  of  Frontispiece,  12s.  6d.  net. 

The  binding  design  has  been  specially  reproduced  from  one  of  the  finest  examples  of  the  period,  sometime  in  the  Old  Royal  Collection,  now  preserved  in  the  British  Museum. 
Among   the  many  anthologies  now  before  the  public,   few,   if  any,  have  been  prepared  with  more  competence  or  scholarly  care.     Exclusive  of  the  seventy-five  anonymous 
items,  the  work  of  106  Elizabethan  authors  is  here  collected  in  their  finest  pieces,  many  of  which  appear  in  no  other  anthology.     With   scarcely  an  exception,   the  675  items 
have  been  gathered  direct  from  the  pages  of  the  authors  quoted. 

BRIDGE    CATECHISM.     By  R.  H.  Brydges,  Author  of  '  Scientific  Whist  Cards.'     Cloth,  2s.  6d.  net. 

"  Every  point  from  Alpha  to  Omega  is  taken  up,  and  dealt  with  carefully.     Our  author  follows  the  Euclidian  method,  '  line  upon  line,  precept  upon  precept.'" — Queen. 
"  Fortified  by  this  book  no  one  will  have  any  excuse  in  the  future  for  pleading  ignorance  of  the  '  laws '  as  settled  by  the  Portland  and  Turf  Clubs." — Daily  Chronicle. 
"  Contains  sound  advice  and  direction  given  in  the  most  lucid  form." — Scotsman. 
"The  form  in  which  the  instruction  is  cast  makes  the  book  entertaining  as  well  as  instructive." — Glasgow  Herald. 

NEW    SIX-SHILLING    NOVELS    JUST    READY. 
THE    MARQUIS    AND    PAMELA.     By  E.  H.  Cooper,  Author  of  '  Mr.  Blake  of  Newmarket.' 
WITHYFORD :    a  Sporting  Romance  of  Exmoor.      By  Arthur  O.  Fisher.     With  Coloured    Frontispiece   by    G.    D.    Armour, 

'""".TON. 

A  capital  sporting  novel.' 


4  Illustrations  in  Sepia,  and  1  in  Black  and  White  by  R.  H.  BUXTON. 
"  It  throbs  with  the  veritable  atmosphere  of  the  moor. . .  .written  by  one  whose  knowledge,  like  his  enthusiasm,  is  of  the  best. 
"  A  breezy  story  of  love  and  hunting  on  Exmoor,  full  of  life  and  actuality." — Evening  Standard. 


-Field. 


THE     LIFE     OF     THE     FIELDS     (including    the    PAGEANT   OF 

SUMMER).     By  RICHARD  JEFFERIES.      With  12  Reproductions  after  Water- 
Colours  by  M.  U.  CLARKE,  and  Picture  End-Papers.     Crown  8vo,  5s.  net. 

[Published. 

THE  COURT  OF  THE  TUILERIES,  1852-1870.  Its  Ceremonial, 
Splendour,  Follies,  Lapses,  and  Downfall ;  with  Impressions  of  its  Chief  Personages. 
By  LE  PETIT  HOMME  ROUGE.     Demy  8vo,  cloth,  7s.  6d.  net 

[Second  Impression. 
"  The  writer  is  so  accurate  and  so  well  informed  that  his  book  makes  serious  claim 
to  be  treated  as  history.     It  undoubtedly  contains  almost  the  first  accurate  collected 
statement  on  many  of  the  most  important  international  events  of  the  period  between 
1852  and  1870."— Athenaeum. 

THE    SULTAN     AND     HIS    SUBJECTS.      By    Richard    Davev. 

New    and    Revised    Edition.       With    Photogravure    Portrait.      Demy    8vo,    cloth, 

7s.  6d.  net. 
"  '  Did  I  want  to  visit  the  East,'  quoth  the  Baron,  '  I  would  take  my  Davey — I  mean 
I  should  take  my  Richard  Davey  with  me,'  represented  by  'The  Sultan  and  his  Subjects,' 
the  Sultan  now  having  become  one  of  Mr.  Davey's  subjects."— Punch. 


THE  OPEN  AIR.  By  Richard  Jefferies.  With  12  Reproductions 
after  Water-Colours  by  RUTH  DOLLMAN  and  Picture  End-Papers.  Crown  8vo, 
5s.  net.  [Shortly. 

MOLIERE :     a    Biography.     By  H.  C.    Chatfield-Taylor.     With 
Index,  Bibliography,  and  10  Illustrations  specially  drawn  by  JOB.     Royal  8vo, 
buckram,  gilt  top,    10s.  6d.  net. 
"Mr.  Chatfield-Taylor.. .  .is  to  be  congratulated  upon  a  thoroughly  workmanlike  and 
eminently  readable  presentation  of  Moliere engagingly  interesting." — Daily  Telegraph. 

THE  CURSE  OF  THE  ROMANOVS:  a  Study  of  the  Reigns  of 
Tsars  Paul  I.  and  Alexander  I.  of  Russia,  1796-1825.  By  ANGELO  S.  RAPPO- 
PORT,  M.A.  Ph.D.,  Author  of  'A  History  of  Russia,'  and  other  Works.  With 
Collotype  Frontispiece  and  many  other  Illustrations.     Demy  8vo,  cloth,  16s.  net. 

"An  able  summary the  facts  are   very  clearly  and   effectively  set  out,  and  the 

portraiture  shows  traces  of  the  writer's  grasp  of  the  detail  available  from  literary  sources." 

Globe. 
"As  exciting  and  interesting  as  any  one  could  wish."— Westminster  Gazette. 

JULIE    DE    LESPINASSE.     By   the   Marquis  De  Segur.     Authorized  English  Version.     With  Photogravure  Frontispiece,  from  the  only  authentic 
Portrait  of  MADEMOISELLE  DE  LESPINASSE  by  CARMONTELLE.     Demy  8vo,  art  linen,  gilt  top,  7s.  6d.  net. 
"  One  of  the  most  enthralling  and  touching  books  that  have  been  published  of  late  years." — Spectator. 

NOW  READY.— VOLUME  SIX  OF  THE  OLD-SPELLING  SHAKESPEARE. 
THE   COMEDY  OF  ERRORS.     Edited  by  Dr.   Furnivall.     Linen,  coloured  top  (the  page  measuring  8£  by  6   inches),   2s.  6d.   net. 

Also  a  Library  Edition  of  500  sets  on  linen  paper,  half-parchment,  linen  sides,  gilt  top,  per  volume,  5s.  net.     Sold  in  sets  only.     Full  Prospectus,  containing  a  Note  by 
Dr.  Furnivall,  sent  post  free  on  application. 

NOW  READY.— VOLUME  THREE  OP  THE  SHAKESPEARE  CLASSICS.    Edited  by  Prof.  I.  GOLLANCZ,  Litt.D. 

BROOKE'S  '  R0MEUS  AND  JULIET ' :  the  Original  of  Shakespeare's  '  Romeo  and  Juliet.'    Edited  by  J.  J.  Munro. 

16mo,  quarter-bound  antique  grey  boards,  gilt  top,  2s.  6d.  net;  whole  gold-brown  velvet  persian,  gilt  top,  4s.  net.     Also  a  Special  Edition  on  larger  paper,  half-bound 
parchment  boards,  sold  in  Sets  only,  5s.  net  per  vol.  [Prospectus  post  free  on  application. 


NOW  READY.-VOLUME  THREE  OP  THE  LAMB  SHAKESPEARE. 

A  MIDSUMMER  NIGHT'S  DREAM.     As  retold  for  Children  by  Mary  and  Charles  Lamb,  with  Extracts  from  the  Play.     Edited  by 

Prof.  I.  GOLLANCZ.     Illustrated  by  HELEN  STRATTON.    Cloth,  coloured  top,  Is.  6d.  net;  leather,  gilt  top,  2s.  6d.  net;  limp  cloth,  for  School  use,  8d.  net. 

NEW    VOLUMES    IN    THE    KING'S    CLASSICS.-Edited  by  Prof.  I.  GOLLANCZ,  Litt.D. 
Printed  on  antique  laid  paper,  16mo  (0  by  4.}  in.),  gilt  top.     Quarter-bound  antique  grey  boards,  or  red  cloth,  Is.  6d.  net ;  quarter-vellum,  grey  cloth  sides,   2s.  Gd.  net;  special 
three-quarter  vellum,  Oxford  side  papers,  gilt  tops,  silk  marker,  5s.  not. 

SIR    WILLIAM    TEMPLE    UPON    THE    GARDENS    OF    EPICURUS ;    together  with  other  XVIIth  Century  Garden  Essays  (by 

Browne,  Cowley,  Evelyn,  and  Marvell).    Edited,  with  Notes  and  Introduction,  by  A.  FORBES  SIEVEKING,  F.S.A.,  Author  of  'The  Praise  oi  Gardens.'    With  B  Illustrations 
after  Early  Engravings,  and  a  Portrait  of  Sir  William  Temple. 

THE   POETS   ROYAL   OF   ENGLAND   AND   SCOTLAND.     Being  Original  Poems  by  English  and  Scots  Kings,  and  other  Royal 

uid  Noble  Persons,  now  first  Collected  and  Edited,  with  Introduction  and   Notes,  by  W.   15AILEY-KKMPLING.     Wit  li  ;i.  Frontispiece  after  an  early  Engraved  Portrait  of 
King  James  L  of  Scotland. 

CHATTO    &    WINDUS,    111,  St.  Martin's  Lane,  London,  W.C. 


150 


T  II  K     ATM  E  \  ."K  I'  M 


No.  U89,  I  i.i'..  8,  L908 


MACMILLAN  &  CO.'S 

NEW    BOOKS. 

RAMBLING 

RECOLLECTIONS. 

R 

Sir  HENRY   DRUMMOND  WOLFF. 

With  Photogravure  and  other  Illustrations. 

2  vols.  8vo.  30*.  net. 

Ti nun. —  \\'\\  people  have  lived  a  more  varied  life 
I  bin  this  veteran  diplomatist,  politician,  and  traveller; 
few  have  been  in  contact  with  so  many  people  of  mark, 
so  many  diverse  interests,  or,  to  employ  a  vulgar  phrase 
tli. a  exactly  expresses  the  situation,  have  had  a  finder 
in  BO  man  J  pies  ...At  every  turn  the  Recollections  bring 
us  into  contact  with  people  and  things  that  must  interest 
all  who  eare  for  character  and  political  history ...  .The 
book,  as  we  have  said,  well  deserves  to  be  read,  and  it  is 
certain  to  interest  a  large  public." 

Wtttminater  Gazette. — "An  exceedingly  readable  record 
of  the  recollections  of  one  who  has  had  the  good  fortune 
to  be  'in  the  swim'  for  more  years  than  most  of  his 
contemporaries.    It  is  full  of  good  stories." 

Pall  Mall  Gazette. — " Fnll  of  good  things  about  all  the 
prominent  people  in  Europe  during  the  past  sixty  years." 

Daily  Graphic. — "Sir  Henry  Drummond  Wolff,  as  an  old 
diplomatist  and  Parliamentary  hand,  could  hardly  fail  to 
interest  readers  with  his  reminiscences.  He  has,  indeed, 
succeeded  admirably.  His  book  is  founded  on  no  diary  or 
record ;  yet  it  is  a  treasure-house  of  good  stories  and 
political  sidelights,  told  frankly  and  without  malice." 

THE  COMING  STRUGGLE 
IN    EASTERN    ASIA. 

By  B.  L.  PUTNAM  WEALE,  Author  of  'Manchu  and 

Muscovite,'   'The  Re-Shaping  of  the  Far  East,'  'The 

Truce  in  the  East.'    With  numerous  Illustrations  and 

a  Comprehensive  Map.    8vo,  12s.  (id.  net. 

Times. — "Mr.  Weale's  new  book  is  a  storehouse  of  fresh 

knowledge  about  the  later  developments  in  the  Far  East, 

and  no  student  of  Asiatic  affairs  can  afford  to  ignore  it." 

A  NEW  BOOK  ON  BUDDHISM. 

THE  INWARD  LIGHT. 

By  H.  FIELDING  HALL,  Author  of  'The  Soul 
of  a  People,'  &c.    8vo,  10s.  net. 

Daily  Telegraph. — "  Mr.  Hall  has  placed  us  newly  in  his 
debt  by  giving  us  a  further  work  of  remarkable  freshness 
and  great  literary  charm,  one  which  most  sympathetic 
readers  will  rind,  as  we  have  said,  really  fascinating." 

PROF.  F.  0.  BOWER. 
THE  ORIGIN  OF  A  LAND  FLORA, 

A  Theory  based  upon  the  Facts  of  Alternation.  By 
Prof.  F.  O.  BOWER,  Sc.D.  F.R.S.  With  Illustrations. 
8vo,  18s.  net. 

THE  THRESHOLD  OF  MUSIC. 

An  Inquiry  into  the  Development  of  the  Musical  Sense. 
By  WILLIAM  WALLACE.     Extra  crown  8vo,  5s.  net. 

THE  EVERSLEY  TENNYSON. 

Annotated  by  ALFRED,  LORD  TENNYSON.  Edited 
by  HALLAM,  LORD  TENNYSON.  Vol.  II.  POEMS. 
Globe  8vo,  4s.  net. 

JAMES   THOMSON. 

By  G.  C.  MACAULAY.    Crown  8vo,  2s.  net. 

[English  Men  of  Letters. 

NEW   AND  CHEAPER  REISSUE 

WILLIAM  RATHBONE. 


A    Memoir.     By   ELEANOR  F.   RATHBONE. 
Portraits.     Extra  crown  8vo,  2s.  (id.  net. 


With 


IS  MARS  HABITABLE  P 

A  Critical  Examination  of  Prof.  Percival  Lowell's  book, 
'Mars  and  its  Canals,'  with  an  Alternative  Explana- 
tion. By  ALFRED  RUSSEL  WALLACE,  F.K.S. 
With  Map,  2s.  Orf. 


A  NEW  VOLUME  OF  ESSAYS. 
C0NFESSI0   MEDICI. 

By  the  Writer  of  'The  Young  People.'    Extra  crown 
8vo,  3*.  Gd.  net. 

MACMILLAN  &  CO.,  Ltd.,  London. 


HURST  &  BLACKETT'S 

NEW  LIST. 

SIX-SHILLING    NOVELS. 

JUST  PUBLISHED. 
The  First  Impression  being  exhausted  on  publica- 
tion, a  SECOND  is  NOW  READY. 

THE       RED       PERIL. 

By  OOULSON  KERNAHAN. 
Author  of  'Captain  Shannon,'  'The  Dumpling,  &c. 

NEW  NOVEL  BY  A  NEW  WRITER. 

THE       MYSTERY      ISLAND. 

By    EDWARD    H.     HURST. 
With  a  Coloured  Frontispiece. 

JUST  READY. 

THE       IMBECILES. 

By  L.  LOCKHART  LANG, 
Author  of  '  The  Vulgar  Truth,'  &c. 

"  This  is  an  altogether  admirable  production 

as  entertaining  a  work  of  fiction  as  has  cheered  our 
path  for  many  a  day. " —  World. 

"  An  exceedingly  diverting  skit  on  the  craze  for 

the  simple  life everybody  will  laugh  heartily 

over  '  The  Imbeciles.'  " — Standard. 

CLEMENTINA'S 

HIGHWAYMAN. 

By  R.  NEILSON  STEPHENS, 
Author  of  '  The  Enemy  of  the  King,'  &c. 

AND 

G.  H.  WESTLEY, 
Author  of  '  At  the  Court  of  the  King,'  &c. 
6  Illustrations  by  ADELAIDE  EVERHART. 
"A  pretty  love  tale,  which  trips  gaily  on  amid 

the  usual  eighteenth-century  incidents agraphia 

picture  of  the  life  of  the  town  and  the  country  in 
the  days  of  George  II." — Times. 

ON  FEBRUARY  12. 

NEW  NOVEL  BY  MRS.  FRED  REYNOLDS. 

Author  of  '  A  Quaker  Wooing,'  '  In  Silence,'  &e. 

ST.  DAVID  OF  THE  DUST. 

IN  THE  PRESS. 
NEW  NOVEL  BY  EDWARD  McNULTY. 

MRS.  MULLIGANS  MILLIONS 

NEW  NOVEL   BY  MRS.  ALICE   DIEHL. 

AN  ACTORS  LOVE  STORY. 


GUESSES      AT      TRUTHS. 

Ethical,  Social,  Political,  and  Literary. 

By  DAVID  CHRISTIE  MURRAY. 

Some    "Merlin"   Contributions   to   the   Referee. 

With  a  Portrait.     Crown  Svo,  6s. 

THIRD  IMPRESSION  NOW  READY. 

MRS.   B.    M.    CROKER'S    NEW    INDIAN 

NOVELS. 

THE  COMPANY'S  SERVANT. 

SECOND  EDITION  NOW  READY. 
DOLF   WYLLARDE'S   NEW   NOVEL. 

M  A  F  0  0  T  A. 

With  8  Illustrations. 

HURST    &    BLACKETT,    Limited, 
182,  High  Holborn,  W.C. 


MESSRS.  LONGMANS  &  CO.'S 

LIST. 


THE  KING  OVER  THE 
WATER. 

By    A.    SHIELD    and     ANDREW     LANO. 

With  1  Portrait*  and  .'{  other  illustration*. 
Hvo,   l.V  nit. 

Morning  Pott. — "  This  is  the  moat  authoritative 
work  on  the  exiled  king  which  has  jet  beta 
published.  The  a>athon  have  d<-lved  in  many 
quarters,  and,  except  the  latter  Stuart  papers, 
seem  to  have  searched  every  known  soup 
information.  The  yield  is  a  volume  of  much  his- 
torical erudition Mr.    Lang    and    Miss    Shield 

have,    indeed,    performed    a    valuable    set1  via 
history.'1 

NEW  AND  CHEAPER  EDITION  IN  one  VOL1 

Willi  a  Photogravure  reproduction  of  Bomney'i  Portrait  of 

Mrs.  Fitzherbert,  and  10  other  Portraits,  Ac. 

8vo,  12*.  Sd.  net. 

MRS.   FITZHERBERT   AND 
GEORGE  IV. 

By   W.    H.    WILKIN S. 

Spectator. — "Mr.  Wilkins  has  performed  a  delicate  task 
with  good  taste  and  good  sense,  and  lias  produced  what  is 
not  only  a  volume  of  entertaining  gossip,  but  a  solid  con- 
tribution to  the  history  of  the  epoch." 


BY  THE  SAME  AUTHOR. 
THE     LOYE     OF     AN     UNCROWNED 

QUEEN:  Sophie  Dorothea,  Consort  of  George  L,  and 
her  Correspondence  with  Philip  Christopher  Count 
Konigsmarck.  NEW  and  CHEAPER  EDITION.  With 
24  Portraits  and  other  Illustrations.     Svo,  12*.  6d.  net. 

CAROLINE    THE    ILLUSTRIOUS, 

Queen-Consort  of  George  II.  and  sometime  Queen- 
Regent  A  Studv  of  her  Life  and  Time.  NEW  and 
CHEAPER  EDITION.  With  42  Portraits  and  other 
Illustrations.    Svo,  124'.  6d.  net. 

With  a  Frontispiece  in  Colour,  9  Lithographic  Plates, 

and  other  Illustrations  in  the  Text. 

8vo,  10*.  6d.  net. 

ROSES: 

Their  History,  Development,  and  Cultivation. 

By  the  Rev.  JOSEPH  H.  PEMBERTON, 

Vice-President  of  the  National  Rose  Society. 


With  1  Portrait  and  6  other  Illustrations,  Svo,  9,«.  Crf.  net. 

BOMBAY    IN    THE    DAYS 
OF    GEORGE    IV. 

MEMOIRS  OF  SIR  EDWARD  WEST, 

Chief  Justice  of  the  King's  Couit 
during  its  Conflict  with  the  East  India  Company. 

WITH  HITHERTO  UNPUBLISHED  DOCUMENTS. 

ByF.  DAWTREY  DREWITT,  M.A.  M.D. 

Times. — "The  matter  which  Mr.  Drewitt  has  brought 
together  pictures  and  illuminates  a  period  of  history  which 
has  been  largely  forgotten.  Mountstuart  Elphinstone,  Sir 
Stamford  Raffles,  sir  Hudson  Lowe,  and  other  names  of 
interest  figure  in  the  story  and  the  journal." 

Tribune. — "The  story  is  one  of  deep  and  enthralling 
interest,  and  it  is  supplemented  by  a  number  of  important 
documents  which  are  now  published  for  the  first  time.  It 
is  a  book  to  be  read  by  all  who  are  interested  in  our  great 
Dependency." 

MARSHAL    TURENNE. 

By  the  Author  of 
'A  LIFE  OF  SIR  KENELM  DIGBY,'  &c. 

With  an  Introduction 
By  Brigadier-General  FRANCIS  LLOYD,  C.B.  D.S.O. 

With  numerous  Illustrations.     Svo,  12*.  6d.  net. 

United  Service  Gacctte.—"  We  would  strongly  recommend 
the  fascinating  story  of  Turenne's  life  told  in  this  volume.' 

Globe.— "  A  volume  that  is  far  more  fascinating  th.m 
most  stories  of  adventure." 


LONGMANS,  GREEN  &  CO. 
39,  Paternoster  Row,  London,  EC. 


No.  4189,  Feb.  8,  1908 


THE     ATHENAEUM 


151 


SATURDAY,  FEBRUARY  8,  1908. 


CONTENTS. 

PAGE 

From  Sail  to  Steam 151 

Cairo,  Jerusalem,  and  Damascus       152 

Ludwig  II.  of  Bavaria 153 

Edward  Pease's  Diaries 154 

New  Novels  (Sheaves  ;  Graham  of  Claverhouse  ;  A 
Jacobite  Admiral ;  The  Blue  Lagoon  ;  The  History 
of  Aythan  Waring  ;  Love  and   the  Ironmonger  ; 

The  Log  of  a  Liner)  155 — 156 

Recent  Verse 156 

Our  Library  Table  (The  Spirit  of  Parliament ;  Eng- 
lish Socialism  of  To-day  ;  The  Second  Afghan  War; 
Stories  from  the  Arabian  Nights ;  Bath  under 
Beau  Nash  ;  The  Itinerary  of  Benjamin  of  Tudela ; 
Dod's  Parliamentary  Companion  ;  Debrett's  House 
of  Commons  ;  The  Catholic  Who's  Who  ;  The  Roots 
of  Reality  ;  The  Transactions  of  the  Berlin  Oriental 

Seminary)     ..         157 — 160 

Unpublished  Landor  MS.  ;  The  New  Uncanonical 
Gospel  ;  Problems  in  Horace      ..        ..      160— 161 

List  of  New  Books 161 

Literary  Gossip       162 

Science— Modern  Physical  Theory  ;  Societies  ; 

Meetings  Next  Week  ;  Gossip  ..  ..  163—165 
Fine  Arts  —  French  Art  from  Watteau  to 
Prud'hon  ;  North  Italian  Painters  of  the 
Renaissance  ;  House  Decoration  and  Repairs  ; 
Design  for  Schools;  The  Gothic  Quest; 
Legend  in  Japanese  Art  ;  The  British 
School  at  Rome  ;  The  British  School  at 
Athens  ;  Sale  ;  Gossip  ;  Exhibitions  . .  165—169 
Music— The  Threshold  of  Music  ;  Gossip  ;  Per- 
formances Next  Week        169—170 

Drama— Grillparzer  and  the  Austrian  Drama; 
The  Beloved  Vagabond;   Stingaree  ;  Plays 

with  Happy  Endings 170—172 

Index  to  Advertisers      172 


LITERATURE 


From   Sail   to   Steam.     By   Capt.    A.    T. 
Mahan,  U.S.N.     (Harper  &  Brothers.) 

During  the  past  half  century  the  Great 
Powers  of  Europe  have  been  forced  by 
the  progress  of  invention  to  reconstruct 
their  navies,  and  the  contrast  of  exist- 
ing naval  conditions  with  those  pre- 
vailing in  the  fifties  is  familiar  to  us. 
From  the  title  which  Capt.  Mahan  has 
given  to  his  book  it  might  be  inferred 
that  it  is  yet  another  of  those  pleasant 
volumes  which  tell  of  the  passing  away 
of  the  old  order  ;  but,  apart  from  the 
personality  of  its  author,  there  are  reasons 
why  the  book  should  be  more  than  this. 
The  world  has  during  the  last  few  years 
grown  so  well  accustomed  to  regarding 
the  United  States  of  America  as  one  of 
the  naval  Powers  that  it  is  easy  to 
forget  that  until  some  twenty  years  ago 
the  Americans  consistently  refused  to 
build  a  great  navy.  The  change  which 
has  raised  their  navy  to  the  second  place 
among  those  of  the  world  is  no  mere 
reform  of  methods  or  renovation  of 
material  :  it  is  rather  an  awakening  to 
responsibility,  a  revolution  in  naval  policy. 
It  is  because  Capt.  Mahan  has  been  the 
chief  instrument  in  the  arousing  of  his 
countrymen  to  a  sense  of  the  power 
inherent  in  the  possession  of  a  navy,  and 
is  therefore  in  great  measure  responsible 
for  the  entry  of  the  United  States  into 
world  jx.iitics,  that  his  record  of  the  con- 
ditions of  naval  service,  and  the  opinions 
which  were  held  in  naval  circles  both 
before  and  during  the  change,  has 
exceptional  value.  How  great  that 
change  lias  been  will  at  once  appear 
from    the    author's    appreciation    of    the 


conditions  which  existed  when  he  joined 
the  service  : — 

"  Morbid  distrust  and  unreasoned  pre- 
possession were  responsible  for  the  feebleness 
of  the  navy  in  1812,  and  these  feelings  long 
survived.  Between  the  day  of  my  entrance 
into  the  service,  fifty  years  ago,  and  the 
present,  nowhere  is  change  more  notable 
than  in  the  matter  of  atmosphere  ;  of  the 
national  attitude  towards  the  navy  and 
comprehension  of  its  office.  Then  it  was 
accepted  without  much  question  as  part  of 
the  lumber  that  every  adequately  organized 
maritime  state  carried.  Of  what  use  it  was, 
or  might  be,  few  cared  much  to  inquire. 
There  was  not  sufficient  interest  even  to 
dispute  the  necessity  of  its  existence.... 
Everything  was  taken  for  granted,  and 
not  the  least  that  war  was  a  barbarism 
of  the  past." 

It  might  seem  strange — had  we  not 
recent  experience  to  remind  us  how  soon 
the  lessons  of  a  war  can  be  forgotten — 
that  the  Civil  War  failed  to  enhance  the 
reputation  of  the  navy,  although  it  played 
a  large  part  in  the  success  of  the  Northern 
States.  As  soon  as  peace  brought  the 
long  period  of  overwrought  activity  to 
an  end,  the  naval  policy  of  the  Govern- 
ment reverted  to  the  system  of  distribution 
which  the  war  had  interrupted.  Small 
squadrons  were  sent  to  sea,  but  were  not 
in  effect  squadrons,  for  the  ships  never 
acted  together ;  and  the  service  was 
saddled  with  two  further  disadvan- 
tages, from  which,  in  the  years  of  stagna- 
tion and  collapse  which  ensued,  it  made 
no  effort  to  free  itself.  The  first  of  these 
was  that  it  owned  a  number  of  ships 
built  with  an  eye  to  special  service  under 
special  conditions,  which  are  never  likely 
to  recur. 

In  addition,  the  lists  of  officers  were 
crowded  with  names  of  men  who  had 
entered  to  meet  the  sudden  expansion. 
As  yet,  these  men  were  young,  but  em- 
ployment could  be  found  for  only  a  few 
of  them ;  the  rest  remained  to  clog 
the  normal  advance  by  promotion,  and 
to  make  it  certain  that  officers  in  all 
grades  would  soon  be  too  old  for  their 
work.  The  state  of  affairs  afforded  an 
exact  parallel  to  what  took  place  in  the 
Royal  Navy  in  the  period  following  the 
Napoleonic  wars  ;  and  though  England 
had  by  this  time  dealt  drastically  with 
the  mischief,  the  United  States  were  slow 
to  profit  by  her  experience  and  example. 

This  point,  however,  though  illustrated 
by  Capt.  Mahan,  is  a  matter  of  general 
history,  and  in  a  book  such  as  this  we 
seek  rather  for  side-lights  not  to  be 
found  elsewhere.  Thus  we  gain  valu- 
able insight  into  the  mental  attitude 
of  naval  officers  towards  the  Civil  War, 
the  information  being  given  not  delibe- 
rately, but  parenthetically,  as  by  a  man 
recounting  an  experience  and  digressing 
from  time  to  time.  Capt.  Mahan,  from 
speaking  of  a  new  steamer,  passes  on  to 
her  captain,  and  from  him  to  the  officers 
of  the  navy  : — 

"  Her  captain  was  a  Southerner,  and  his 
wife  also;  of  male  and  female  typos.  Be 
commented  to  me  briefly,  but  sadly,  '  Yes. 
wo  have  now  two  governments  '  ;  but  she 
was  all  aglow.  Never  would  sho  lay  down 
arms  ;    her    countonanco    shone    with    joy. 


.  .  .  .What  influence  women  wield,  and  how 
irresponsible  !     And  they  want  votes  ! 

"  In  feeling,  most  of  us  stood  where  this 
captain  did,  sorrowful,  perplexed  :  but  in 
feeling  only,  not  in  purpose.  We  knew 
not  which  became  us  most,  grief,  or  stern 
satisfaction  that  at  last  a  doubtful  matter 
was  to  be  settled  by  arms  ;  but,  with  one 
or  two  exceptions,  there  was  no  hesitancy, 
I  believe,  on  the  part  of  the  officers  as  to 
the  side  each  should  take." 

The  author  served  afloat  throughout 
the  war,  being  engaged  chiefly  on  the 
blockade  of  the  mouths  of  the  Mississippi ; 
but  he  makes  no  attempt  to  supply  any 
consecutive  account  of  the  operations. 
Of  them  he  has  already  written  elsewhere, 
and  here  he  does  not  depart  from  his 
chosen  method  of  giving  a  series  of 
impressionist  pictures.  This  method, 
whether  treating  of  the  Naval  Academy, 
long  vogages  in  peace  time,  or  the 
dreariness  of  a  blockade,  is  in  Capt. 
Mahan's  hands  uniformly  successful.  It 
is  an  elastic  method,  leaving  much  to 
the  judgment.  It  allows  the  omission 
of  wearisome  and  unessential  detail, 
and  a  choice  of  characteristic  incidents  ; 
it  encourages  the  interpolation  of  anec- 
dote and  philosophic  comment.  It  is  to 
this  treatment  that  we  are  indebted  for 
digressions  such  as  that  on  fleets, 

"  which,  to  achieve  superiority,  rely  upon 
united  action,  and  upon  tactical  facility 
obtained  by  the  homogeneous  quality  of 
the  several  ships.  Great  Britain,  which 
so  long  ruled  the  world  by  fleets,  attached 
less  importance  to  size  in  the  particular 
vessel.  Class  for  class  her  ships  were  weaker 
than  those  of  her  enemies,  but  in  fleet 
action  they  usually  won." 

Or,  again,  we  get  a  passage  illustrating 
the  soundness  of  the  policy  which  employs 
sea  officers  as  instructors  in  educational 
establishments  ashore.  These  and  many 
others  of  like  sort  will  be  a  help  to 
the  student  of  modern  naval  administra- 
tion, and  occasionally  there  are  digressions 
which  appeal  to  a  wider  public  : — 

"  Wo  might  dispense  with  Hague  Con- 
ferences. War  is  going  to  cease  because 
people  adequately  civilized  will  not  endure 
hardness.  Whether  in  the  end  we  shall 
have  cause  to  rejoice  remains  to  be  seen. 
The  Asiatic  can  endure." 

This  is  at  once  a  verdict  and  a  warning. 

Many  readers,  however,  will  find  the 
chief  interest  of  these  memoirs  in  the 
chapters  which  treat  of  Capt.  Mahan's 
career  of  authorship.  It  is,  to  say  the 
least  of  it,  unusual  for  a  man  to  attain 
high  distinction  in  a  pursuit  which 
he  has  not  adopted  till  middle  life,  and 
Capt.  Mahan's  historical  education  does 
not  seem  to  have  begun  until  he  was  past 
forty.  He  tells  us  that  it  was  by  reading 
Napier's  '  Peninsular  War  '  that  he  was 
introduced  to  a  new  world  of  thought 
and  mentally  equipped  for  the  writing 
of  his  earliest  book,  which  dealt  with 
the  naval  operations  in  'The  Gulf  and 
Inland  Waters  '  during  the  Civil  War. 
This  was  published  in  1883,  and  to  its 
undoubted  merit  must  be  ascribed,  at 
least  in  part,  the  invitation  which  fol- 
lowed to  undertake  the  subject,  of  naval 
history  and  tactics  in  the  Naval  War 
College  which  was  at  this  timo  founded 


i.v.» 


T  II  E     AT  II  K  N  .1:  T  M 


No.  U89,  Feb.  8,  1 


l>v  Mr.  Chandler,  fco  whose  vrise  benare 
of  the  office  of  Secretary  the  navy  of  the 
United  States  owes  a  great  debt  of  grati- 
tude. Before  that  time  the  head  of  the 
Navy  I  topartmenl . 

"invariably  a  civilian  under  our  form  of 
government)  and  therefore  usually  un- 
familiar with  naval  matters,  bad  not  assured 
to  him.  at  instant  call,  organized  professional 
assistance,  prepared  to  advise  him  when 
Baked  aa  to  the  military  aspect  of  proposed 
operations." 

It  was  believed  that  a  body  in  the  nature 
of  a  General  Staff  would  be  most  securely 
based  if  the  systematic  study  of  military 
operations  was  distributed  as  widely  as 
possible  among  the  officers  of  the  service. 
We  know  that  experience  has  justified 
this  view  ;  we  know  also  how  great  a 
share  Capt.  Malum  himself  has  had  in 
the  necessary  work  of  strategical — or, 
as  he  himself  describes  it,  "  military  " — 
education,  a  term  which  rightly  includes 
all  the  operations  of  war  and  preparation 
for  them,  by  sea  or  by  land. 

The  acceptance  of  the  post  offered 
"  placed  me,"  says  Capt.  Mahan, 

"  on  tho  road  which  led  directly  to  all  the 
success  I  have  had  in  life.  Having  grown 
up  in  the  atmosphere  of  the  single  cruiser, 
of  commerce-destroying,  and  indifference 
to  battleships,  an  anti-imperialist,  at  forty- 
five  I  was  drifting  on  the  lines  of  simple 
respectability  as  aimlessly  as  one  very 
well  could.  My  environment  had  been  too 
much  for  me  ;   my  present  call  changed  it." 

The  exact  nature  of  Capt.  Mahan's 
literary  work  was  determined  by  an 
appreciation  of  the  fact  that  no"  writers 
on  naval  history  had,  perhaps,  written 
at  length  on  the  doctrine  of  sea-power, 
which  had  been  indicated  in  a  few  words 
by  Bacon  and  Ralegh  ;  and  his  conception 
of  the  task  which  he  proposed  to  himself 
was  explained  in  the  preface  to  the  first 
volume  of  the  Sea-Power  series.  That 
explanation  is  well  known ;  its  author 
restates  it  here  : — 

"  I  would  investigate  coincidently  the 
general  history  and  naval  history  of  the 
past  two  centuries,  with  a  view  to  demon- 
strating the  influence  of  the  events  of  the 
ono  upon  the  other.  Original  research 
was  not  within  my  scope,  nor  was  it  necessary 
to  the  scheme  thus  outlined." 

The  work  was  the  embodiment  of 
the  lectures  delivered  by  Capt.  Mahan 
at  the  College,  and  it  is  interesting  to 
read  of  the  early  difficulties,  due  to  official 
apathy  and  opposition,  against  which 
the  College  had  to  struggle.  It  fell  to 
Capt.  Mahan  to  bear  the  greater  share 
of  the  burden ;  "in  my  time  we  got 
more  kicks  than  halfpence."  But  all 
that  is  long  since  past.  The  division 
of  the  whole  subject  into  the  volumes 
which  form  the  series  was  determined 
by  the  mere  physical  need  to  stop  and 
take  breath,  for  there  is  no  real  break. 
It  is,  however,  noticeable  that  each 
section  marks  a  distinct  advance  in  his- 
torical method  on  that  which  came  before 
it  :  the  '  French  Revolution '  is  much 
fuller  than  'The  Influence  of  Sea-Power 
on  History  '  ;  while  the  '  War  of  1812  ' 
is  exhaustive.  In  this  work,  which  repre- 
sents  not  only   the    completion    of    the 


BS    as   originally    designed,    but    marks 

aj  o    t  he    culmination    of    the    auth< 

method,     there     i.s     a     distinct     departure 

from  the  scheme  at   first   contemplated. 

"  Original  research  was  not  within  my 
scope,-'  said  Capt.  Mahan;    but  the  book 

in  question  is  written  to  a  gnat  extent 

from  first-hand  sources,  and  combines 
with  admirable  success  the  philosophic 
comment  which  we  have  come  to  regard 
as  the  essential  part  of  its  author's  work, 
and  the  patient  inquiry  which  modem 
"  scientific  history  "  demands.  We 
wish  that  Capt.  Mahan  had  been  able 
to  write  more  such  volumes,  yet  we  cannot 
fail  to  appreciate  the  risk  that,  had  this 
elaborate  method  been  adopted  from  the 
first,  the  completion  of  the  series  might 
have  proved  a  task  too  long  for  the  span 
of  human  life. 

In  view  of  the  frequent  demand  that 
naval  officers  should  read  the  history 
of  their  profession,  it  is  of  importance 
to  notice  Capt.  Mahan's  admission  that 
he  could  not  read  afloat ;  but  it  should 
be  remembered  that  the  mental  effort 
demanded  of  the  student  is  greatly  less 
than  that  which  accompanies  the  critical 
vigilance  of  the  author. 

In  conclusion  we  may  quote  Capt. 
Mahan's  comment  on  his  literary  style  : — 

"  It  is  to  anxiety  for  full  and  accurate 
development  of  statements  and  ideas  that 
I  chiefly  attribute  a  diffuseness  with  which 
my  writing  has  been  reproached  ;  I  have 
no  doubt  justly.  I  have  not,  however, 
tried  to  check  the  evil  at  the  root.  I  am 
built  that  way,  and  think  that  way.  I  am 
not  willing  to  attempt  seriously  modifying 
my  natural  style,  the  reflection  of  myself, 
lest,  while  digging  up  the  tares  of  prolixity, 
I  root  up  also  the  wheat  of  precision." 

But  diffuseness  is  not  lucidity.  It  is 
clear  that  Capt.  Mahan  has  his  limita- 
tions. 


Cairo,     Jerusalem,     and    Damascus.     By 
D.     S.     Margoliouth.     Illustrated     by 
W.  S.  S.  Tyrwhitt.     (Chatto  &  Windus.) 

It  is  a  little  disconcerting  to  view  the 
learned  Laudian  Professor  voyaging  in  a 
"  galley "  in  which  he  assuredly  never 
rowed  before.  For  his  ostensible  duty  in 
this  handsome  volume  is  to  "  write  up  " 
to  pictures.  It  is  true  he  does  not  do  it. 
He  does  not  refer  to  them  once  in  the 
text ;  and  so  strangely  mangled  are  some 
of  the  letterings  attached  to  the  sketches 
that  we  are  disposed  to  think  that  Prof. 
Margoliouth  never  saw  them  before  they 
were  printed.  Nevertheless  "  the  chance 
of  being  associated  at  any  time  in  his 
fife  with  the  Fine  Arts  constituted  a 
temptation  which  he  was  unable  to  resist," 
and  so  he  abandoned  for  a  while  his 
always  valuable  labours  upon  Arabic 
texts  to  write  in  a  popular  maimer  about 
"  three  chief  cities  of  the  Egyptian  Sultans." 
This  sub-title  gives  the  clue  to  the  book. 
It  is  really  Cairo,  and  above  all  Mamluk 
Cairo,  about  which  he  writes.  There  are 
175  pages  on  Cairo,  only  50  on  Jeru- 
salem, and  20  on  Damascus — apart  from 
some  interesting  translated  "  scenes " 
from    Damascus    history ;     and    of    the 


Cairo  part,  nearly  half  is  occupied  by  the 
Mamluk-.      We     do     not     object     to    this. 

Cairo  is  still  more  a  Mamluk  city  tl 

anything  else,  <  utside  the  trail  of  the 
Firingi,  and   the  Mamluk  domination    • 

great     al      Damascus     and     Jerusalem. 

Whether  there  was  any  need  for  another 
book  about  Cairo,  or  even  1T.">  pages, 
apart  from  the  necessity  of  writing  up 
to  the  pictures,  is  best  answered  by  reading 
Prof.  Margoliouth's  interesting  sketch. 
Of  course  it  is  largely  a  compilation  :  it 
could  be  nothing  else,  especially  as  the 
author  modestly  admits  that  he  is  only 
"  an  occasional  visitor,"  whiLst  the  autho- 
rities he  uses  have,  some  of  them,  Bpenl 
many  years  in  Cairo.  Ali  Pasha  Mubarak's 
'  Kliitat '  is  the  foundation  of  Prof. 
Margoliouth's  essay,  and  as  this  has  never 
been  translated  into  a  European  language, 
any  more  than  the  history  by  G.  Zaidan, 
he  has  been  able  to  introduce  from  both 
some  information  not  found  in  the  usual 
textbooks.  It  is  needless  to  say  that 
a  writer  of  such  scholarly  habits  has 
followed  thoroughly  the  researches  of 
Ravaisse,  Van  Berchem,  Casanova,  and 
Herz,  and  the  proceedings  of  the  Com- 
mittee for  the  Preservation  of  Arab 
Monuments  : — 

"  The  treatises  on  Arabic  Art  of  Gayet, 
Saladin,  and  Lane- Poole  have  been  studied 
with  profit.  The  author  has.  however, 
abstained  from  consulting  the  work  of  the 
last  of  these  writers  on  Cairo  :  for,  owing 
to  Mr.  Lane-Poole's  unique  qualifications 
for  dealing  with  this  subject,  the  perusal  of 
his  book  might  have  involved  any  one  else 
writing  on  the  same  theme  in  plagiarism." 

We  do  not  see  why  the  use  of  one  author 
more  than  others  (who  are  used  in  this 
book)  should  specially  involve  plagiarism, 
and  we  should  be  surprised  if  Dr.  Lane- 
Poole  entertained  any  such  view.  Surely 
the  main  thing  is  to  use  with  due  acknow- 
ledgments all  authorities  that  are  to  the 
point. 

But  there  is  no  "  plagiarism  "  in  Prof. 
Margoliouth's  work,  though  there  is 
necessarily  compilation.  It  bears  through- 
out the  stamp  of  an  individual  mind,  well 
stored  with  the  original  sources  familiar 
to  the  learned  author,  but  able  to  take 
independent  views,  and  here  and  there 
to  draw  a  luminous  generalization.  There 
are  not  a  few  fresh  lights  and  many  little- 
known  facts  in  the  history  of  Cairo  which 
the  wide  reading  of  the  author  has  enabled 
him  to  set  forth.  And  he  tells  the  history 
well,  at  least  so  far  as  his  main  subject, 
the  Mamluk  Sultans,  is  concerned  ;  the 
earlier  part  is  somewhat  cramped.  He 
writes  lucidly,  and  sometimes  with  ironical 
humour,  though  it  is  difficult  to  make  a 
long  and  complicated  story  either  clear  or 
interesting  in  the  brief  compass  allotted 
to  it.  Events  get  too  crowded,  and  we  are 
afraid  the  average  reader  is  not  sufficiently 
acquainted  with  Mohammedan  history  to 
understand  or  appreciate  fully  these 
curious  and  instructive  chapters.  But 
that  is  the  fate  of  all  books  on  Eastern 
subjects,  unless  they  deal  with  the  mere 
outside  of  things.  The  lover  of  Cairo, 
on  the  other  hand,  and  the  Oriental 
student,  will  find  much  to  delight  them  in 


No.  4189,  Feb.  8,  190b 


THE    ATHENAEUM 


153 


Prof.  Margoliouth's  collection  of  historical 
curiosities.  As  an  example  of  luminous 
generalization  we  may  quote  this  summary 
of  the  Ayyubid  period  : — 

"The  great  relic  of  the  Ayyubid  period 
is  then  the  Citadel ;  from  the  time  of 
Saladdin  till  the  nineteenth  century  the 
history  of  Egypt  centres  round  that  of 
the  fortress  which  commanded  Cairo.  The 
religious  importance  of  the  Ayyubid  dynasty 
is  also  very  great.  By  restoring  Moslem 
orthodoxy  in  Egypt  they  fitted  that  country 
to  serve  as  the  headquarters  of  Islam 
during  the  centuries  that  elapsed  between 
the  fall  of  Baghdad  and  the  consolidation 
of  the  power  of  the  Ottomans.  They 
made  Cairo  the  University  of  Islam,  and 
that  position  it  holds  to  this  day.  Politi- 
cally, they  accustomed  the  people  of  Egypt 
to  government  by  aliens  and  Turks,  taking 
on  therein  a  tradition  which  had  commenced 
before  the  Fatimide  dynasty  had  begun. 
Historically  their  importance  otherwise 
is  to  be  found  in  the  fact  that  they  bore 
the  brunt  of  the  Crusades ;  to  recover 
the  cities  which  the  Frankish  invader  had 
taken  was  the  problem  which  they  had  to 
face,  and  before  the  dynasty  was  over  this 
problem  had  practically  been  solved .... 
Few,  if  any,  of  the  dynasties  of  Islam  have 
in  so  short  a  time  brought  to  the  front  so 
many  capable  rulers." 

No  truer  estimate  of  the  great  house  of 
Saladin  could  well  be  written.  We  have 
spoken  of  the  Professor's  skill  in  collecting 
little-known  information,  and  we  fancy 
few  readers  have  come  across  this  account 
of  the  way  the  Coptic  New  Year  was 
celebrated,  until  the  festival  was  abolished 
by  Barkuk  : — 

"  On  that  day  the  rabble  of  Cairo  used  to 
gather  together  at  the  doors  of  the  great  ; 
the  Master  of  the  Ceremonies  used  to  make 
out  receipts  for  large  sums,  and  any  magnate 
who  refused  to  pay  them  had  to  endure  a 
volley  of  abuse.  A  picket  would  be  stationed 
at  his  door  and  refuse  to  leave  it  till  he  paid 
the  sum  assigned  him  by  the  Master,  which 
was  taken  from  him  by  violence.  The 
lazy  crowd  would  stand  in  the  streets  and 
besprinkle  each  other  with  dirty  water, 
throw  raw  eggs  in  each  other's  faces,  and 
interchange  missiles  of  mats  and  shoes. 
All  the  streets  were  blocked  and  traffic 
stopped.  Houses  and  shops  were  all  locked 
up,  and  any  person  found  in  the  market, 
whatever  his  eminence  or  station,  would 
be  rudely  accosted,  besprinkled  with  dirty 
water,  pelted  with  raw  eggs,  and  buffeted 
with  shoes.... The  brawling  that  ensued 
led  to  tho  loss  of  many  lives." 

A  few  criticisms  of  no  great  importance 
occur  to  us.  We  say  nothing  of  Prof. 
Margoliouth's  uncouth  attempt  to  popu- 
larize the  spelling  of  Arabic  names  : 
"  Saladdin,"  "  Seljuke,''  and  the  rest 
must  have  hurt  his  own  feelings  as  much 
as  ours.  But  we  should  like  to  ask  him 
why  he  spells  Jiiwali,  "  Jauli "  ;  Altun- 
bugha,  "  Altinbogha  "  ;  Aidemir,  "  Idu- 
mir  "  ;  and  Kalt  Bey  —  which  is  not 
accurate,  but  sanctioned  by  long  usage — 
both  "  Kayetbai  "  and  "  Kaietbai."  The 
oonstant  use  of  the  word  "  school  "  for 
medresah  is  confusing  to  the  ordinary 
reader,  who  thinks  more  of  the  mosque 
than  the  school  within  it  The  word 
"  artillery  "  before  the  time  of  Ibn-Tulun 
(p.  9)  is  liable  to  be  misunderstood  by  the 
unlearned.  The  Samarra  minaret  (p.  11), 
as  far  as  we  know,  is  still  standing.     So 


are  the  remains  of  the  mosque  of  Ibn- 
Ruzzik,  though  one  would  not  gather  this 
from  the  reference  on  p.  47.  The  Ham- 
danid  mentioned  on  p.  27  was  surely  Sa'ld-al- 
daulah,not  "Saad.'  The  complete  restora- 
tion of  Maridani's  mosque  and  the  illus- 
trated work  by  Herz  Bey  on  that  of  Sultan 
Hasan  should  have  been  recorded.  We 
have  found  no  notice  of  Mohammed  Bey's 
great  mosque  ;  and  was  not  his  kunyah 
Abu-Dhahab,  not  "  Abu-1-Dhahab"  ?  We 
have  never  seen  or  heard  of  any  coins 
bearing  the  image  of  Sultan  Faraj. 

Evidently  impressed  by  the  Oxford 
Pageant  of  last  year,  Prof.  Margoliouth 
has  sketched  out  the  various  tableaux  of 
a  possible  Cairo  demonstration  of  the 
same  kind  : — 

"Ahmad  Ibn  Tulun's  architect  summoned 
from  his  prison  to  solve  the  problem  of  the 
mosque  ;  Jauhar  drawing  the  lines  of  his 
city  at  an  auspicious  moment  ;  Saladdin 
rejecting  the  splendours  of  the  Fatimide 
Palace ;  Shajar  al  -  durr  receiving  the 
homage  of  the  Emirs  behind  her  curtain  ; 
Baibars  receiving  his  investiture  from  the 
Caliph  of  his  own  appointment  ;  Kala'un's 
Hospital  inaugurated  by  a  disloyal 
preacher,"  &c. 

ending  with  Gordon  going  to  Khartum 
and  Lord  Cromer's  farewell  address  to 
the  country  he  has  regenerated.  They 
are  stirring  scenes,  some  of  them  ;  but 
we  should  like  to  see  the  reception  of  the 
Crusader  knights  by  the  Fatimid  Caliph 
and  the  hunting  and  tragic  death  of  the 
Vizier  Dirgham,  if  it  could  be  represented, 
to  name  no  more. 

As  to  Mr.  Tyrwhitt's  drawings,  they 
hardly  need  any  praise  from  us.  His  art 
is  well  known,  and  all  who  have  seen  what 
he  has  painted  will  recognize  the  skill  and 
fidelity  of  the  painter.  The  pictures  are 
indeed  charming  and  extraordinarily  true. 
We  wish,  however,  that  they  were  better 
described.  It  is  a  pity  to  put  "  A  mosque" 
in  such  a  street,  "  An  old  Palace,"  &c., 
when  it  would  have  been  both  easy 
and  useful  to  give  the  right  name. 
Yet  such  names  as  are  supplied  can  only 
make  the  judicious  grieve.  "  Shakhoon," 
"Sook  Selal,"  "  Midan  el  -  Adaoui," 
"  Moiayad,"  &c,  are  very  ugly  ;  and  one 
cut  of  Cairo  is  described  as  at  "  Damascus," 
and  that  is  near  the  famous  Bab  Zuwailah  ! 
Most  of  these  things  are  corrected  in  the 
'  List  of  Illustrations  '  ;  but  then  scarcely 
any  one  looks  at  such  a  list. 


Ludwig  the  Second,  King  of  Bavaria.  By 
Clara  Tschudi.  Translated  from  the 
Norwegian  by  Ethel  Harriet  Hearn. 
(Sonnenschein  &  Co.) 

This  version  of  a  Norwegian  work  which 
appeared  some  three  years  ago,  though 
popular  in  conception  and  execution,  is 
probably  some  advance  upon  Miss  Gerard's 
'  Romance  of  Ludwig  II.,'  the  previous 
source  of  information  in  English  on  the 
career  of  Wagner's  patron.  Some  attempt 
is  made  at  a  presentation  of  the  un- 
fortunate King's  life  as  a  whole,  and  a 
list  of  authorities  (all  German  with  the 
exception  of  Dr.  Ireland's  pathological 
studies)  is  appended. 


Furthermore,  a  note  states  that  the 
book  is  partially  founded  upon 

"personal  reminiscences  from  a  visit  of 
length  to  Munich,  and  on  verbal  information 
from  German  friends  who  spent  their  sum- 
mers in  Hohenschwangau  in  the  'seventies 
and  'eighties." 

It  was  written  before  the  Hohenlohe 
memoirs  saw  the  light ;  but  although, 
naturally,  that  work  must  be  consulted 
by  any  one  who  desires  authentic  data, 
nothing  discrediting  in  any  important 
particular  Madame  Tschudi's  volume  will, 
we  think,  be  found  in  it.  So  far  a" 
we  have  been  able  to  test  them,  the 
author's  facts  are  accurate  ;  and  she  does 
not  indulge  in  fantastic  theories  or 
scandalous  conjectures.  On  the  other 
hand,  she  cannot  be  said  to  have  solved 
any  of  the  problems  connected  with 
Ludwig's  romantic  personality. 

Was  Wagner's  influence  upon  the  King 
good  or  bad  ?  Few  of  his  contemporaries, 
remarks  the  author,  shared  the  composer's 
belief  that  he  had  "  saved  "  his  friend  and 
protector ;  nevertheless,  the  assertion 
that  "  this  friend  "  was  concerned  in  the 
death  of  the  morbid  romanticist  she 
justly  labels  as  "  an  unproved  and  un- 
provable affirmation."  We  note  that  the 
Norwegian  writer  makes  no  reference  to 
the  "  new  solution,"  propounded  by  a 
French  author  in  1893,  of  the  mystery  of 
the  King's  death.  The  accepted  theory 
(which  the  former  adopts)  that  the  King 
met  his  end  by  suicide  certainly  seems  more 
probable  than  the  Frenchman's  story  (the 
authority  for  which  he  was  not  at  liberty 
to  mention)  of  a  rescue  frustrated  at  the 
last  moment  by  a  despairing  effort  of  the 
mad-doctor  Von  Giidden. 

Madame  Tschudi  does,  however,  assert 
that  the  knowledge  of  Wagner's  liaison 
with  Frau  von  Biilow  was  the  determining 
factor  in  causing  Ludwig  to  consent  to  the 
banishment  of  his  favourite.  This,  given 
the  King's  jealous  temperament,  may  well 
have  been  the  case.  She  denies  that  the 
musician  exercised  any  political  influence 
over  the  monarch  —  another  tolerably 
safe  conclusion. 

The  author  appears  to  lean  towards 
the  view  of  those  who  see  in  the  cowp 
d'etat  by  which  the  King  was  put  under 
restraint  nothing  but  a  sinister  political 
plot.  But  the  malady  of  the  house  of 
Wittelsbach  had  long  rendered  the  un- 
fortunate prince  unfit  for  public  duties  ; 
and  medical  opinion  supported  extreme 
measures.  The  clumsiness  with  which 
the  final  steps  were  taken,  and  some 
of  the  methods  by  which  evidence  of 
Ludwig's  state  was  obtained,  did,  how- 
ever, give  an  unpleasant  complexion 
to  the  affair,  and  seemed  to  justify  the 
blind  loyalty  shown  by  the  Bavarian 
peasants.  The  rescue  at  midnight  of  the 
King,  and  the  temporary  arrest  of  the 
commissioners  sent  to  carry  him  off, 
form,  indeed,  an  episode  that  suggests  a 
modem  romance  rather  than  an  occur- 
rence in  real  life  at  the  end  of  the 
nineteenth  century. 

The  assertion  that  the  offer  of  cer- 
tain  members   of    the    houso  of  Orleans 


154 


T  II  E     AT  II  KX.KT  M 


No.  U89,  Feb.  3,  l 


to    guarantee   a   loan   to   the   distn 
Bavarian    king,  having    been   oommuni- 

rated      to      Bismarck,      was      "the     chief 

reason"  for  the  expulsion  of  the  family 

from  Pranoe  i*  without  foundation. 
Tliat  negotiations  with  the  Rothschilds 
had  been  on  foot,  and  that  a  condition 
of  the  guarantee  was  the  neutrality  of 
Bat  aria  in  the  event  of  a  war  with  France, 
may,  liowe\  it,  be  true. 

Ludwig'fl  main  interests  were  artistic  ; 
hut  the  irony  of  fate  willed  it  that  he 
should  play  an  important  part  in  Ger- 
man polities.  He  was  no  soldier,  though 
a  good  rider ;  but  twice  during  his 
reign  Bavaria  had  to  make  a  weighty 
decision,  by  which  she  became  involved 
in  war.  In  the  crisis  of  1866  Ludwig 
seems  to  have  striven  to  the  last  for 
neutrality,  though  his  sympathies  were 
Austrian.  Hohenlohe  comments  gravely 
on  the  fact  that  his  sovereign  was  at  this 
time  staying  in  the  Roseninsel,  "  letting 
off  fireworks,"  and  refusing  all  inter- 
views ;  though  he  sets  off  against  this 
the  fact  that  the  young  king  allowed 
the  ministers  and  the  Chambers  to  govern 
without  interference. 

Even  more  significant  wras  the  position 
of  Bavaria  in  1870-71.  Ludwig  was  much 
praised  publicly  for  the  part  he  took  at 
this  important  juncture  ;  but  Hohenlohe 
attached  little  importance  to  his  nationalist 
sympathies,  and  commented  in  scathing 
terms  upon  the  way  in  which  Bavaria 
drifted  into  the  confederation.  "The  King 
does  everything  if  he  is  only  left  quietly  in 
Berg,"  he  wrote  on  October  18th,  1870. 
A  month  later  it  was  :  "So  they  [the 
Bavarian  Court]  vacillate  between  sub- 
mission and  old  family  pride,  and  will 
finally  give  in  out  of  fear  " — an  accurate 
estimate  of  Ludwig' s  attitude  towards 
the  proposed  elevation  of  the  King  of 
Prussia  to  the  position  of  German 
Emperor. 

Madame  Tschudi's  accounts  of  the 
relations  between  the  King  of  Bavaria 
on  the  one  side,  and  the  Emperor  William 
and  the  Crown  Prince  on  the  other, 
are  also  fully  confirmed  by  the  former 
Bavarian  minister  and  future  Imperial 
Chancellor.  Frederick  seems  to  have 
given  some  ground  by  tactlessness  on 
certain  occasions  for  Ludwig's  pro- 
nounced dislike  of  him  ;  and  Hohenlohe 
tells  us  that  he  had  been  opposed  to 
granting  to  Bavaria  the  amount  of  con- 
cession which  his  father  and  Bismarck 
were  willing  to  make  as  the  price  of  her 
consent  to  the  Hohenzollern  empire. 

Ludwig  seems  to  have  performed  his 
political  duties  conscientiously,  if  spas- 
modically, for  some  years  ;  and  it  must 
be  remembered  that  he  was  a  man  of 
barely  five-and-twenty  when  he  had  to 
make  up  his  mind  on  the  Empire  question, 
and  a  mere  youth  at  the  time  of  the 
Austro-Prussian  War. 

To  his  artistic  gifts  the  author  does 
full  justice  ;  but  she  does  not  minimize 
the  caprice  which  did  so  much  to 
neutralize  his  personal  charm  and  excel- 
lent intentions.  She  gives  specimens  of 
the  singular  letters  which  he  used  to 
write  to  his   favourites.      His    objection 


to  women  was,  douhtless,  part  of  the 
terrible  malady  with  which  he 
afflicted,  and  of  which  lie  was  pathetic- 
ally conscious.  How  far  it  went  is  a 
'I'icstion  for  alienists,  and  cannot  he 
discussed  here.  Certain  it  is  that  he 
was  no  common  madman  :  a  French 
ciitic  is  even  quoted  as  saying  that 
his  mental  weakness  only  extended  to 
music  ! 

One  or  two  slight  slips  we  have  noticed 
in  the  text.  Hornig  is  called  Master  of  the 
Horse  on  p.  221  and  Holnstein  on  p.  239. 
The  town  nearest  Hohenschwangau  is 
spelt  Fiissen  on  one  page,  and  Fliissen 
on  the  next. 

Miss  Hearn's  translation  is  far  from 
satisfactory.  In  more  than  one  passage 
wre  read  of  "  a  lecture  "  being  "  held  "  or 
"  not  held."  Expressions  like  "  a  sister- 
war,"  "  confessional  discussions,"  and 
"  disharmonies,"  are  not  English  ;  and 
"  He  was  covered  with  lese-majestat " 
(p.  106)  is  unintelligible.  When  the 
Bavarian  army  dispersed,  this  is  repre- 
sented by  "  The  Bavarians  went  each  in 
their  own  direction  "  ;  and  the  Bavarian 
Minister  of  Foreign  Affairs  is  said  on  one 
occasion  to  have  "  told  "  something  "  on 
confidence  to  Ludwig."  Busch  is  made 
to  say  in  his  memoirs  that  "it  was  thought 
to  summon  a  congress  of  Princes  on  the 
11th  of  October"  ;  and  we  read  of  "  A 
Swiss  art  maecena,"  and  that  "  the  Queen 
mother's  nervous  impatience  went  over 
to  a  fit  of  anger "  when  her  royal  son 
kept  her  waiting  on  the  occasion  of 
their  last  meeting.  There  are  also  some 
misprints,  including  the  perennial  "  Fene- 
lon  "  and  "  Agustenberg "  ;  and  there 
is  no  index. 


The  Diaries  of  Edward  Pease,  the  Father 
of  English  Railways.  Edited  by  Sir 
Alfred  E.  Pease.     (Headley  Brothers.) 

Sir  Alfred  Pease  evidently  felt  some 
doubts  as  to  the  expediency  of  publishing 
his  great-grandfather's  diaries.  "  I  have 
hesitated,"  he  writes  in  his  Preface,  "before 
placing  my  prosy  old  ancestor  in  the 
public  stocks,  perhaps  to  be  pelted  by 
scoffers  and  critics."  These  pious  alarms 
can  be  laid  aside  by  Sir  Alfred.  The 
interest  of  his  book  is  subdued,  but  it  is 
undeniable,  and  that  though  the  task 
of  presenting  an  adequate  memorial 
of  Edward  Pease  must  have  been  attended 
by  considerable  difficulties.  The  diaries 
begin  only  in  1838,  when  the  worthy  man 
was  seventy-one  years  old.  His  editor 
has  been  unable  to  discover  much  fresh 
evidence  on  the  really  important  period 
of  his  life — his  association  with  George 
Stephenson  in  the  construction  of  the 
Stockton  and  Darlington  Railway.  In 
the  result  the  volume  lacks  balance ;  and 
the  want  of  proportion  is  made  more 
manifest  by  the  separation  of  the  journals 
from  the  biographical  sketch.  Still, 
Edward  Pease's  diaries  were  written 
as  a  testament  to  his  descendants ;  and 
therefore  his  great-grandson's  decision  to 
treat  them  as  a  thing  apart  stands  in 
need  of  little  excuse,  even  if  the  reader 
who  is  not  a  Quaker  may  wish  for  less 


religious    meditation    and    more   mundane 

ipondenoe. 

As  Sir  Alfred  well  remarks,  "  The 
Quakerism  of  Edward  Pease's  day  is 
dead."  Nevertheless,  by  the  force  of 
its  example,  and  its  shrewd  buso 
instincts,  it  has  played  a  great  part  in 
the  making  of  modem  Kngland.  1 
best  side  stands  out  in  i' 
with  his  wife,  a  Miss  Whitwell,  whom  he 
long  survived,  but  who  remained 
the  last,  in  his  biographer's  happy 
phrase,  the  "  centre  of  his  earthly 
being."  He  paid  a  characteristic  tribute 
to  her  virtues  in  the  maxim,  "  When 
thou  choosest  a  wife,  choose  one  with  a 
good  natural  temper,  for  religion  comes 
and  goes,  but  a  good  natural  temper 
remains."  Shortly  after  their  marriage, 
we  get  an  insight  into  the  influence  of 
the  Society  of  Friends,  through  an  account 
of  the  attention  paid  them  by  the  Tsar 
Alexander  I.  when  he  visited  England 
in  1814  :— 

"  I  will  advert  to  some  tidings  which 
have  reached  us  respecting  the  Emperor 
of  Russia  as  I  cannot  but  admire  his  nobility, 
his  humility  and  condescension  :  he  pro- 
posed to  accompany  W.  Allen  to  West- 
minster metg.  accompanied  by  his  Si 
the  duchess  of  Oldenburgh,  putting  W.A. 
in  the  coach  before  himself,  in  meeting 
he  behaved  becomingly  and  attentively, 
shaking  hands  with  men  frds  under  the 
gallery  at  the  conclusion  of  the  meeting, 
and  crossed  over  to  do  the  same  with  the 
female  frds  as  did  the  duchess  :  The  audience 
he  gave  S  Grelett,  W  A  and  Jno  Wilkinson 
lasted  about  an  hour,  conversing  frankly 
on  serious  and  religious  subjects,  expressing 
his  satisfaction  with  the  address  they  had 
presented,  saying  he  had  read  it  many 
times  over,  dropping  the  tear  of  tenderness 
he  acknowledged  Inmself  a  poor  humble 
instrument  in  the  divine  hand,  made  use 
of  in  restoring  peace  to  Europe." 

At  the  same  time  a  story  related  by  Pease 
to  the  effect  that  the  Regent,  on  being 
admonished  by  an  outspoken  Quaker 
concerning  his  treatment  of  his  wife, 
invited  the  Princess  to  return  to  England, 
must  be  rejected  as  incredible.  It  is 
well  known  that  the  Government  moved 
heaven  and  earth  and  Brougham  to  keep 
her  on  the  Continent. 

Pease  disapproved  of  tea-making  at 
mechanics'  soirees  as  "  urffeminine  vul- 
garity "  ;  he  was  much  exercised  by  the 
presence  of  the  Duke  of  Northumberland^ 
band  at  a  flower-showr ;  and  he  would  not 
attend  public  dinners  where  they  indulged 
in  the  profane  custom  of  cheering.  But 
"  wine  and  negus  "  account  for  155.  in 
one  of  his  hotel  bills  ;  and  Sir  Alfred 
tells  us  that  a  voucher  for  11.  paid  for 
punch  at  a  Stockton  tavern  is  still  in 
existence.  "  Needle  Pease,"  as  he  was 
called  from  his  shrewd  sayings,  wras  a  good 
friend  to  Darlington,  apart  from  his  equip- 
ment of  the  town  with  a  railway  ;  and 
though  the  story  of  his  arrival  to  the 
rescue  of  Backhouses'  Bank  during  a  panic 
with  a  deposit  of  10,000/.  has  been  told 
before,  it  bears  retelling. 

Pease's  diaries  present  a  mental  picture 
very  foreign  from  the  tendencies  of  present- 
day  thought.  Qualms  troubled  him  after 
he  had  spent  his  time  over  The  Illustrated 


No.  4189,  Feb.  8,  1908 


THE    ATHENAEUM 


155 


London  News  or  in  the  galleries  of  the 
British  Museum.  His  descendant  con- 
fesses to  being  perplexed  by  the  extremes 
of  dejection  and  exaltation  between  which 
he  oscillated.  The  explanation  is  to  be 
found,  we  suspect,  in  the  power  of  the 
accepted  form  of  words,  especially  when 
those  words  are  borrowed  from  the  Bible. 
Here  is  a  typical  instance  : — 

"  To-day  I  have  some  cause  to  lament. 
...  .1  feel  something  of  an  inward  scattering 
from  reading  some  voyages  and  travels, 
in  themselves  not  wrong,  but  not  so  befitting 
as  the  accounts  of  those  voyagers  and 
travellers  who  recite  their  way  to  the  ever- 
lasting inheritance." 

If  Pease  dealt  severely  with  himself, 
the  public  utterances  of  others  came  in 
for  trenchant  comments,  and  he  sat  in 
judgment  upon  private  conduct  : — 

"  Admonished  a  Friend  who  I  feared  was 
backsliding  ;  his  worthy  father  a  humble 
minister  in  our  Society.  The  love  of  com- 
pany and  ardent  love  of  tobacco,  and  some 
love  of  liquor,  to  some  minds  seems  sure 
captivity.  On  my  way  sifted  my  motives 
as  to  what  impelled  me  to  this  task,  found 
my  station  as  an  overseer  demanded  it, 
my  love  and  gratitude  to  my  Lord  called 
for  the  service,  but  perhaps  stronger  than 
this  was  the  sense  that  should  this  Friend 
lose  his  inheritance  in  heaven." 

But  he  met  his  match  in  one  who  must 
have  been  an  able  dialectician  to  make 
out  any  sort  of  excuse  for  his  moral 
position  : — 

;t  Yesterday,  accompanied  by  Cousin  W. 
Backhouse,  with  Joseph  Sams,  who  acknow- 
ledged that  while  in  Egypt  he  had  bought 
and  kept  a  female  slave.  In  vain  did  we 
endeavour  to  set  before  him  the  atrocity 
of  such  conduct,  which  he  strenuously  de- 
fended." 

The  diaries  reveal  a  life  of  great  activity, 
even  when  Pease's  eightieth  year  had 
passed.  He  travelled  all  over  the  country 
to  attend  Quaker  meetings  ;  he  kept 
an  eye  on  the  business  affairs  of  the 
family,  despite  his  abhorrence  of  "  the 
cumbering  cares  of  this  life  "  ;  and  he 
delighted  in  his  garden  and  his  bees. 
The  type  he  represented  has  virtually 
become  extinct,  but  it  deserves  to  be 
held  in  remembrance. 


NEW    NOVELS. 


Sheaves.    By  E.  F.  Benson.    (Heinemann  \ 

It  would  have  been  impossible  to  predict 
from  Mr.  Benson's  early  novels  the 
sympathetic  emotionalism  he  has  at- 
tained in  his  later.  In  this  novel  his 
more  adult  qualities  reach  their  height. 
It  is  merely  the  story  of  a  match  of  ill- 
assorted  ages,  the  woman  being  forty- 
two,  and  seventeen  years  older  than  the 
man.  It  is  obvious  that  this  theme  is 
capable  of  many  treatments  and  various 
solutions.  Mr.  Benson  shirks  the  most 
natural  issues  ;  but  we  do  not  know  that 
we  regret  this,  as  he  has  chosen  to  give 
us  on  his  own  tonus  a  really  pretty  book. 
It  is  a  study  in  sympathy,  and  rarely 
are  we  conscious  of  a  forced  note.  If  we 
might  make  any  complaint,  it  would  be 
that  Edith,  the  wife,  is  just  a  little  too 


unselfishly  perfect — outside,  that  is,  the 
one  selfish  act  of  which  her  sister  accused 
her.  The  hero  is  a  famous  tenor,  and 
is  extremely  likeable — a  wonderful  feat 
for  Mr.  Benson  to  have  accomplished. 
The  incidentals  of  this  novel  are  all 
interesting,  notably  the  family  of  Canon 
Alington  and  the  children  of  Lady  Rye. 
This  mention  of  children  brings  one 
to  ask  in  wonder,  What  became  of  the 
Grainger  baby  ?  It  seems  almost  on  its 
birth  to  drop  out  of  this  history  in 
a  way  hardly  creditable  to  such  sym- 
pathetic people  as  the  husband  and  wife. 
Mr.  Benson  in  his  by-play  retains  his 
light,  bright  manner,  and  has  shed  much 
of  his  juvenile  smartness.  He  has  a 
definite  claim  now  to  be  considered 
among  our  serious  novelists  of  rank. 


Graham  of  Claverhouse.     By  Ian  Maclaren. 

(John  Murray.) 
Claverhouse  is  one  of  the  best-canvassed 
characters  in  history,  and  it  is  creditable 
to  the  late  Ian  Maclaren  that  he  has 
invested  his  subject  with  new  interest. 
The  author  was  one  of  the  most 
cultured  of  the  "  kailyard  "  school,  and 
knew  and  sympathized  with  the  "  twa 
kinds  of  Scots,"  as  the  dour  old  dragoon 
of  this  story  calls  them.  He  could 
appreciate  a  Pollock  or  a  Ren  wick,  and 
yet  understand  Jock  Grimond  saying, 
"  The  very  face  of  a  Presbyterian  Whig 
makes  me  sick."  This  faithful  henchman 
of  Dundee  is  a  fine  specimen  of  a  familiar 
type  ;  and  the  hero  and  his  wife  Jean 
Cochrane  are  nobly  planned.  We  doubt 
whether  the  author  has  not  taken  undue 
liberties  with  history.  "  Collier,  after- 
wards my  Lord  Patmore,"  is  an  odd 
reference  to  David,  Earl  of  Portmore, 
who,  and  not  Mackay,  is  generally  credited 
with  being  Claverhouse' s  antagonist  in 
Holland.  Helen  Graham  was  not  heiress 
of  Menteith.  Failing  her  father,  the  last 
Earl's  sister  might  have  succeeded  ;  but 
the  peerage  is  still  represented  in  the  male 
line.  Montrose's  conduct  in  the  matter 
of  the  marriage  was,  however,  sufficiently 
base.  That  Dundee  was  murdered  at 
Killecrankie  has  been  suggested  before. 
An  old  Gaelic  poem  speaks  of  him  as 
shot  from  behind  ;  but  the  murderers  have 
not  hitherto  appeared  as  emissaries 
of  a  Whig  statesman.  Notwithstanding 
these  doubts,  this  is  an  excellent  story, 
equal  to  any  work  of  the  lamented 
author. 

A  Jacobite  Admiral.     By  R.  H.  Forster. 

(John  Long.) 
Mr.  Forster  is  one  of  the  few  novelists 
who  have  chosen  Northumbria  as  their 
theatre  :  at  the  moment  we  recall  only  one 
other.  It  is,  however,  a  pity  that  he 
goes  back  in  time,  for  the  Northumbria 
of  our  day  is  at  least  as  interesting  as 
that  of  the  eighteenth,  or  a  previous 
century,  and  much  more  cognizable.  This 
tale  deals  with  the  rising  of  the  Old 
Pretender,  or  rather  with  a  side  issue  in 
that  venture.  The  Errington  family  stood 
for  the  Jacobites,  and  so  involved  them- 
selves   in    various    troubles.     The    hero, 


Mark,  who  tells  the  tale,  went  through 
many  sallies  by  sea  and  land,  and  won 
the  hand  of  a  beautiful  and  very  rich 
young  lady,  beloved  of  romancers.  His 
adventures  are  readable,  and  as  like  to 
those  of  predecessors  as  one  pea  is  to 
another. 

The  Blue  Lagoon.     By  H.  De  Vere  Stac- 

poole.  (Fisher  Unwin.) 
There  is  real  poetic  feeling  as  well  as 
imagination  in  Mr.  Stacpoole's  story  of  the 
boy  and  girl  who  are  cast  away  upon  a 
desert  island  in  mid-ocean  with  only  an 
old  Irish  sailor,  Paddy  Button,  to  look 
after  them.  Soon  death,  through  the 
agency  of  an  irresistible  cask  of  rum, 
removes  Button,  and  the  children  are 
left  to  no  other  tutelage  than  that  of 
Nature.  Very  pretty  is  the  story  of 
how  they  grow  up,  and,  following  her 
dictates,  learn  the  meaning  of  love  and 
the  other  great  truths  of  life,  until  such 
time  as  they  and  their  little  child  are 
rescued  and  restored  to  civilization.  The 
early  chapters  are,  however,  the  most 
attractive,  especially  those  in  which  the 
children  are  afloat  with  Paddy  in  the 
dinghy  before  the  discovery  of  the 
island,  and  the  skill  and  tenderness  of 
this  charming  old  reprobate  cannot  fail  to 
endear  him  to  the  reader. 


The     History     of     Ayihan     Waring.     By 

Violet  Jacob.  (Heinemann.) 
We  are  here  concerned  with  rural  life  on 
the  borderland  between  Herefordshire  and 
Wales  in  the  first  half  of  last  century.  The 
author  deserves  credit  for  the  deftness 
with  which  she  has  absorbed — so  far  as 
study  and  sympathy  enable  a  writer  to 
do  so — the  atmosphere  of  her  chosen 
time  and  place.  The  tale  is  leisurely 
melodrama,  presented  with  more  fidelity 
to  detail,  and  rather  more  logical 
sequence  and  characterization,  than  is 
usual  in  this  class  of  story.  The  hero  is 
found  guilty  of  attempted  murder,  and 
sentenced  to  death.  His  lady-love  is 
a  winsome  creature,  and  his  rival,  the 
villain,  is  remarkably  human  for  a 
character  of  his  type.  Hester  is  a  strik- 
ing figure  ;  her  delineation  is  a  sombre 
study  of  the  madness  which  may  arise 
from  a  woman's  jealousy. 


The  Magistrate's  Own  Case.     By   Baron 

Palle  Rosenkrantz.  (Methuen  &  Co.) 
This  is  the  story — by  a  Danish  writer 
of  some  experience,  we  believe — of  the 
murder  of  an  English  peer  at  Homburg. 
The  magistrate  who  conducts  the  earlier 
part  of  the  case  persuades  himself  that 
some  strong  circumstantial  evidence  points 
to  the  guilt  of  the  man  accused  of  the 
crime;  but  things  turn  out  differently. 
and  his  own  action  is  modified  by  his 
personal  interest  in  a  lady  also  involved 
in  the  affair.  As  old  readers  of  fiction 
of  this  kind,  we  must  say  that  the  points 
brought  out  at  the  end  of  the  trial  were 
not  unexpected  by  us,  and  should  have 
been  the  subject  of  earlier  inquiry  by  all 
conoerned  in  it.  The  author's  study 
of  persons  and   motives  is   much    better 


156 


Til  E     A  Til  EN  .Kl    M 


No.  U89,  Feb.  8,  L908 


done  than  in  the  ordinary   English  itory 

of  murder  ;  but  bia  narrative  ha*  ■  bean- 

l,,  re    and    there,    especially    at    the 

beginning,   vbieh   may   repel   the   reader 

Of  u  hat  IS,  after  all,  an  interesting  book. 


Love    and    the     Ironmonger.     By     P.     J. 
Randall.    (John  Lane.) 

\i  iihkk  love  nor  ironmongery  plays  a 
large  part  in  this  tale,  which  is  of  an 
entirely  farcical  order,  and  turns  upon  the 
complications  arising  from  an  impossibly 
eccentric  will.  The  theme,  though  in 
itself  anything  but  novel,  has  some 
decidedly  original  developments,  and  the 
story,  if  improbable,  moves  at  first  with 
acceptable  brightness  and  alacrity. 
Towards  the  end,  however,  the  agony 
extends  beyond  reasonable  limits,  and 
interest  in  consequence  declines.  There 
is  no  attempt  at  characterization  in 
the  artistic  sense,  but  the  author's  male 
puppets,  and  still  more  the  female,  are 
described  with  good-nature. 


The    Log    of    a    Liner.     By    W.    Harold 

Thomson.  (Drane  &  Co.) 
It  is,  of  course,  undeniable  that  a  man  of 
genius  might  be  capable  of  interesting 
and  delighting  one  in  his  diary  of  a  railway 
journey  from  London  to  Edinburgh,  or  a 
passage  in  an  ocean  liner  from  Tilbury 
to  Melbourne ;  but  nothing  short  of 
exceptional  gifts  could  make  such  material 
inviting.  The  author  of  this  book  is  a  long 
way  from  being  a  literary  genius.  His 
chosen  theme  is  essentially  commonplace, 
yet  less  emphatically  so  than  his  handling 
of  it.  He  says  :  "  I  tried  to  write  the  tale 
with  a  graceful  simplicity."  We  have 
not  often  seen  in  print  anything  so  trivial 
as  the  author's  chapters  on  his  sore 
throat,  lost  luggage,  thirst,  and  doings 
as  a  squire  of  dames,  but  they  represent 
that  side  of  simplicity  which  is  not 
attractive,  but  foolish. 


RECENT    VERSE. 


New  Poems.  By  Stephen  Phillips.  (John 
Lane.) — We  fear  that  Mr.  Phillips's  reputa- 
tion will  gain  but  little  by  this  volume. 
It  is  in  blank  verse  only  that  he  is  able  to 
do  himself  justice,  and  even  in  blank  verse 
we  are  conscious,  now  and  again,  of  failure. 
Good  lines — indebted  for  their  charm,  in 
great  measure,  to  hints  of  Tennyson — stand 
out  from  the  ruck  with  an  added  prominence ; 
and,  on  the  other  hand,  lines  are  not  lacking 
which  are  noteworthy  by  reason  of  their 
inferiority.  Thus  against  the  following 
striking  and  beautiful  passage  from  '  The 
Parting  of  Launcelot  and  Guinevere,' — 
She  saw,  .mil  stood,  and  swooned  at  Launcelot, 
Who  burned  in  sudden  steel  like  a  blue  flame 
Amid  the  cloister, — 

we  are  constrained  to  set  the  ungraceful 
simile  which  describes  the  moment  of 
parting  : — 

And  as  two  trees  at  midnight,  when  the  breeze 
Comes  over  them,  now  to  each  other  bend, 
And  now  withdraw  ;  so  mournfully  these  two 
Still  drooped  together  and  still  drew  apart ; 

or  these  lines  from  '  Thoughts  at  Sunrise '  : — 

Conception  striving  with  an  utter  Space, 
Sound  with  eternal  still  that  knew  her  not, 
And  light  with  the  vague  dark, 

where     the     effect      of      the      substantive 


"still"      is      infelicitous.  Humour,     which 

i     tin-   poet's,   in  i     afi  guard,     eemi    often 

to    have   deserted    .Mr.    J'hillips,    and    to    this 

circumstance  many  of  tin-  weaknesses  of 
the  volume  may  be  escribed ;  hut,  while 
we  have  no  desire  to  appear  flippant,  we 
cannot     regard      it     a.s     other     than     a 

fault  that  In-  should  see  lit  to  uioujso 
the  reader's  senso  of  tho  grotesque 
by  such  an  expression  as  this  in  *  Endy- 
inion,'  a  poom  in  other  rospocts  not 
unworthy  of  its  author's  reputation  : — 

'I'n  lii'  alive  I  deemed  a  lavish  gift 
And  ripen  slowly  under  falling  beams. 

In  our  opinion,  indeed,  there  are  but 
three  poems  in  this  collection  that  satisfy, 
namely,  '  Tho  Quest  of  Edith,'  '  Orestes,' 
and  the  one-act  tragedy  of  '  Iole.'  In  the 
last  two  of  these,  as  in  '  Endymion,'  which 
pleases  in  a  lesser  degree,  Mr.  Phillips, 
reverting  to  tho  classical  atmosphere,  writes 
with  spontaneity  and  imagination  ;  while 
the  first-named  is  a  fine  piece  of  work,  if 
not  entirely  free  from  the  suspicion  of 
epithets  introduced  for  reasons  metrical 
rather  than  significant.  We  quote  the 
description  of  Edith's  search  for  the  body 
of  King  Harold  on  the  field  of  Hastings  : — 

.So  went  she  swiftly  on  before  those  three  ; 

And  as  a  lady  through  her  garden  goes 

Ruined  around  her  by  a  night  of  storm, 

To  save  a  single  flower  that  she  had  loved, 

Brushing  the  other  blooms  that  drip  in  the  sun, 

So  went  she  wistful  over  the  bowed  field, 

Looking  through  all  those  faces  for  a  face, 

— But  thou,  to  save  thy  rose,  art  come  too  late. — 

And  here  a  fixed  eye  regarding  her, 

Or  at  her  feet  a  dead  youth  with  bright  hair, 

Surprised  her,  seeming  young  in  such  a  place, 

Or  suddenly  illumed  on  the  dark  hill 

A  motionless  horse,  an  old  and  cloven  head. 

The  silence  too  that  followed  on  such  sound 

Appalled  her  ;  silence  closer  to  the  soul 

Than  hush  of  Arctic  field  in  wrapping  snow, 

Or  supreme  Himalaya  in  sunrise  ; 

A  silence  that  had  heard  ;  as  of  some  sea 

A  hoar  and  haunted  surge  whither  are  blown 

Under  the  stars  wild  sails  of  long  ago. 

In  the  latter  part  of  this  passage  it  will  be 
noticed  that  the  "  sound  "  upon  which  the 
"silence"  and  its  five  lines  of  description 
followed  has  not  been  mentioned — an  omis- 
sion which  mars  the  effect  of  what  else  would 
be  haunting  and  suggestive,  except  perhaps 
for  the  somewhat  perfunctory  intrusion 
of  Arctic  snows  and  the  Himalayas. 

Mr.  Phillips's  lyrics,  however,  are  of  very 
different  calibre.  It  is  true  that  none  here 
emulates  the  weakness  of  that  which  opens 
the  second  act  of  '  The  Sin  of  David '  ; 
but  on  the  other  hand  none  is  above 
average  merit,  while  thoughts  that  have 
been  poetical  stock-in-trade  for  generations 
past,  and  rhymes  both  stiff  and  conventional, 
have  conspired  to  place  such  short  pieces 
as  'A  Girl's  Last  Words'  or  'At  Night' 
appreciably  below  it.  Of  the  lyrics  wliich 
run  in  less  regular  measures,  '  After  Rain ' 
— from  which  we  quote  the  following  lines 
— is  a  fair  specimen  : — 

O  green,  gTeen 

Eden  is  seen  ! 

After  weeping  skies 

Rising  Paradise  : 

Umbrage  twinkling  new 

'Gainst  the  happy  blue, 

God  there  for  His  pleasure 

In  divinest  leisure, 

Walking  in  the  sun 

Which  hath  lately  run  ; 

While  the  bird  sings  clear  and  plain 

Behind  the  bright  withdrawing  rain. 

There  is  nothing  inherently  remarkable  in 
those  lines,  but  wa  seem  to  be  aware  of  a 
studied  affectation  of  the  simplicity  of 
William  Blake — simplicity  which  in  its 
nature  must  succumb  to  the  least  touch 
of  self -consciousness. 

Undoubtedly  rhyme  is  a  stumbling-block 
to  Mr.  Phillips,  and  it  may  be  for  this  reason 
that  he  turns  his  attention  to  tho  unrhymed 
lyric — that  half-way  house  (most  convenient 
to  all  seeming,  but  most  difficult  of  access) 
between  rhymed  and  blank  verse.  But 
we  cannot  say  that  his  success  here  has  been 


enj 

I  i  ■  i  iM-ity,     and  on     tho 

indulgent    -pirit    of   tho   reader,    into  which 
this   form   Of   v<  I 
who  essay   it,   are   well   seen — to  select   i 

example   from    many— in   four   lines   from 

'  ,\  (.1.  am'  :— 

In  that  hour  of  odour  and  longing, 

Of  to)  .'  in  leaves, 

W  Inn  a  human  truulilc  MINI  ban  '-vening  meadow-, 

A  divine  bome-eii  km  -    from  ).■ 
There  is  a  distinct  power  of  gloom  in  tho 

poem  called  'Cities  of  Hell,'  though  thin, 
too,  is  not  free  from  unfortunate  li; 
and  '  Midnight,  31st  December,  1900,' 
dorives  dignity  from  its  occasional  Swm- 
burnian  echoes  ;  but  apart  from  these, 
we  can  find  no  (Satisfactory  evidence  that 
the  lyric  is  suited  to  Mr.  Phillips's  talents. 

The  actual  output  required  nowadays  of 
poets  seems  to  be  less  than  of  old — type 
is  larger,  and  margins  are  wider  ;  but  there 
is  all  the  more  reason,  on  this  account, 
for  jealous  care  in  the  matter  of  craftsman- 
ship when  inspiration  is  at  fault,  and  the 
less  excuse  for  blemishes  and  rhythmical 
commonplaces,  attributable,  as  we  have 
hinted  before,  to  a  sense  of  humour  that 
sleeps  and  must  bo  awakened. 

Sweetness  rather  than  depth  is  the 
principal  characteristic  of  Mr.  Alfred  Noyes's 
verse,  and  it  is  for  this  reason  that  the 
earlier  pieces  in  Forty  Singing  Seamen,  and 
other  Poems  (Blackwood  &  Sons) — those 
that  deal  with  abstract  subjects  such  as 
empire,  war,  and  peace  (with  particular 
reference  to  the  recent  Hague  Conference) 
— are  the  least  successful.  Freed  from 
fetters  of  contemporary  politics,  his  poetry 
seems  to  regain  its  individuality,  with  the 
result  that  it  rises  at  once  to  a  higher  level  ; 
and  such  poems  as  '  At  Dawn,'  '  The  High- 
wayman,' '  The  Ride  of  Phaethon,'  and 
•  Orpheus  and  Eurydice '  are  a  sheer  delight 
to  read  for  the  music  that  is  in  them.  The 
last  named  is  in  our  opinion  the  best  in  the 
book,  and  we  quote  the  following  stanzas 
as  affording  a  signal  example  of  Mr.  Noyes's 
rhythmical  power  : — 

White  as  a  dream  of  Aphrodite,  supple  and  sweet  as  a  rose 
in  blossom, 
Fair  and  fleet  as  a  fawn  that  shakes  the  dew  from  the 
fern  at  break  of  day  ; 
Wreathed  with  the  clouds  of  her  dusky  hair,  that  kis-ed 
and  clung  to  her  sun-bright  bosom. 
On  through  the  deserts  of  nell  she  came,  and  the  brown 
air  bloomed  with  the  light  of  May. 

On  through  the  deserts  of  hell  she  came  :    for  over  the 
fierce  and  frozen  meadows 
Pleaded  ever  the  voice  of  voices,  calling  his  love  by  her 
golden  name ; 
So  she  arose  from   her  grave  in   the    darkness,    and    up 
through  the  wailing  fires  and  shadow  a, 
On  by  chasm  and  cliff  and  cavern,  out  of  the  horrors  of 
death  she  came. 

Rhythm,  too,  combined  with  a  humour 
both  unobtrusive  and  fantastic,  is  responsible 
for  the  undoubted  effectiveness  of  the  poem 
which  gives  its  name  to  the  volume.  These 
qualities  are  well  illustrated  in  the  stanza 
which  describes  how  the  "  Forty  Singing 
Seamen,"  having  dined  sumptuously,  if 
mysteriously,  with  Prester  John,  are  con- 
ducted by  that  potentate  into  his  garden  : — 

Then  he  walks  us  to  his  garden,  where  we  sees  a  feathered 
demon 
Very  splendid  and  important  on  a  sort  of  spicy  tree  ! 
"That's  the  Phoenix,"  whispers  Prester,  "which  all  eddi- 
cated  seamen 
Knows  the   onlv  one  existent,  and   he's  waiting  for  to 
flee! 

When  his  hundred  years  expire 
Then  he'll  set  hisself  afire 
And  another  from  his  ashes  rise  most  beautiful  to  see!" 

Cho.     With  wings  of  rose  and  emerald  most   beautiful  to 
see. 

The  volume  as  a  whole  will  emphasize 
further  its  author's  rare  lyrical  gift, 
a  gift  that  is  the  more  pronounced  by  con- 
trast with  the  two  blank-verse  poems 
included  in  the  collection — '  The  Last  of 
the  Titans  '  and  '  The  Cottage  of  the  Kindly 
Light' — which,    despite    mucli    beauty    of 


No.  4189,  Feb.  8,  1908 

word   and  thought,   seem  stiff  and  unspon- 
taneous  when  compared  with  their  surround- 
ings. 

In  the  ten  short  poems  which  make  up 
The  Lover's  Hours  (E.  Grant  Richards),  and 
form  the  sequence  indicated  by  its  title, 
Mr.  Filson  Young  shows  himself  to  be  en- 
dowed with  a  true  lyrical  gift  as  well  as 
with  a  sound  sense  of  technique.  Where 
smoothness  and  a  general  mastery  of  the 
trammels  of  rhyme  are  prevailing  character- 
istics, it  is  inevitable  that  an  especially 
jarring  effect  should  be  produced  by  a 
stanza  like 

There  in  the  universe, 

I  found  my  raymate  : 
Here  in  a  world  perverse 

I  mourn  my  playmate  ; 

but  such  lapses  are  few,  and  the  sequence 
as  a  whole  possesses  a  distinct  atmosphere  of 
its  own,  despite  the  faint  flavour  of  Herrick 
discernible  in  the  poem  called  '  Ad  Novam,' 
which  we  quote  : — 

Oh,  well  it  is  that  Time  flies  high 

In  space  beyond  our  viewing, 
Or  snared  by  us,  his  wings  would  beat 
In  wrath  to  our  undoing. 

And  well  chat  all  the  marching  hours 
No  footprints  leave  behind  them, 

Or  backward  we  should  turn  our  steps 
To  seek,  but  never  find  them. 

This  golden  noon  no  shaft  of  light 

From  yesterday  may  borrow  ; 
The  feast  is  only  spread  to-day — 

There  is  a  fast  to-morrow. 

For  the  rest,  though  it  is  becoming  increas- 
ingly difficult  to  command  attention  for  a 
purely  personal  note  such  as  dominates 
this  book,  we  think  that  Mr.  Filson  Young 
has  here  succeeded  in  doing  so. 

The  legends  of  Ireland  are  certainly  not 
less  interesting  to  the  average  English  reader 
than  those  of  his  own  country,  but  the 
manner  of  their  presentation  to  him — in  the 
spirit  of  the  Gaelic  revival — is  often  both 
aggressive  and  obscure.  Thus  it  is  with 
the  rather  bulky  volume  before  us,  The 
Tain  :  an  Irish  Epic  told  in  English  Verse 
(Dublin,  Maunsel  &  Co.)  the  chief  part  of 
which  relates,  in  fifteen  books,  the  invasion 
of  Ulster  by  Maev  and  Al-yill,  rulers  of 
Connaught,  and  the  deeds  of  Cucullin  and 
others  based  on  the  two  existing  recensions 
of  the  tale  of  the  '  Tain  Bo  Cualnge.'  Miss 
Mary  A.  Hutton  explains  in  her  Preface  that 
her  aim  has  been  to  present  a  poem  free  from 
any  leavening  of  "the  modern  spirit,"  and  to 
this  end,  it  would  seem,  she  has  added  to 
the  quantity  of  mystifying  proper  names 
which  crowd  each  page  a  number  of  words 
which  are  inscrutable  to  an  English  eye 
— "andord,"  "  gass,"  "  cantred,"  "  liss," 
"  doon,"  and  the  like.  On  investigation 
we  find  these  to  be  Anglicized  Irish  words 
inserted  because  the  use  of  their  English 
equivalents  might  suggest  "  an  entirely 
wrong  set  of  mental  associations "  ;  but 
we  observe  that  a  word  which  generally 
suggests  no  set  of  mental  associations  is 
even  less  helpful,  and  that  most  readers 
naturally  object  to  continual  reference  to  an 
appendix.  These  drawbacks,  coupled  with 
the  frequent  use  of  epic  repetition,  make  it 
difficult  to  form  a  clear  idea  of  the  episodes 
of  the  poem,  and  the  verse  in  which  they 
are  told  is  of  little  assistance,  being  bald, 
and  singularly  lacking  in  poetical  ex- 
pression. The  following  lines  will  indicate 
averago  quality  : — 

A<l  taped  thereafter;  and  it  seemed 

Certain  to  them  that  this  was  evidence 
Of  numbers  ;  and  that  some  great  host  was  there  ; 
Lad  that  it  was  the  Dltonianj  who  had  come 
Into  that  place  ;  and  this  was  the  advice 
There  shaped  by  them  : — namely,  to  send  from  them 
Cormac  Conlingish  son  of  Conor  son 
Of  Pahtna  Fahee,  that  he  miuht  find  out 
Who  held  the  ford  in  front  of  them. 

There  can  be  no  doubt   as  to  the  zeal  and 
learning  wliich  Miss  Hutton  has  brought  to 


THE     ATHENJEUM 


157 


her  task,  but  these  qualities  do  not  in  them- 
selves involve  a  sense  of  poetry,  and  we  fear 
that  the  result  will  appeal  to  few  but 
enthusiasts. 

Despite  the  wit,  the  lightness  of  touch, 
and  above  all  the  facility,  which  are  the  main 
characteristics  of  Mr.  C.  L.  Graves's  latest 
volume,  Humours  of  the  Fray  (Smith  &  Elder) 
his  extensive  choice  of  purely  ephemeral 
subjects  for  satire  cannot  fail  to  be  pre- 
judicial to  the  permanent  value  of  his  verse. 
For  example,  such  delightfully  irresponsible 
pieces  as  '  Dreams  a  la  Drumont,'  '  The 
Two  Desperadoes,'  or  '  Dangerous  Declara- 
tions,' though  furnished  with  newspaper 
extracts  as  very  necessary  "  texts,"  are  of 
contemporary  interest  only,  and  a  few  years 
hence  will  be  scarcely  likely  to  raise  a  smile. 
On  a  more  enduring  scale  altogether  are  the 
lines  '  To  Richard  Strauss,'  the  '  Ode  to 
Discord,'  and  in  particular  the  '  Stanzas 
suggested  by  a  New  Symphonic  Poem '  ; 
while  for  pure  humour  the  '  Thoughts  on 
Drink  in  Time  of  Drought ' — in  the  familiar 
FitzGerald  quatrain — are  inimitable.  There 
are  also  included  some  '  Renderings  from 
the  Romaic  ' — several  in  a  ser,ious  vein — 
which  to  our  mind  are  less  successful ;  but 
the  volume  as  a  whole,  though,  for  reasons 
already  stated,  little  more  than  a  transitory 
contribution  to  light  verse,  should  be  a 
source  of  considerable  enjoyment  to  the 
discerning. 

Mr.  Hartley  Carrick  has,  in  our  opinion, 
produced  in  The  Muse  in  Motley  (Cambridge, 
Bowes  &  Bowes)  one  of  the  best  volumes 
of  light  verse  that  have  appeared  of  recent 
years.  His  metrical  range  shows  an  unex- 
pected variety — only  on  one  or  two  occasions 
has  he  descended  to  the  cumbersome  eight- 
line  stanza,  which  seems  to  compel  its 
votaries  to  depend  for  their  effect  solely 
on  eccentric  rhyming ;  he  has  a  genuine 
gift  for  parody ;  and  his  work — never 
slovenly — possesses  the  not  too  common 
quality  of  sustained  humour  in  addition 
to  its  verbal  witticisms.  Admirable  is 
'  The  Song  of  Six  Suburbs '  (after  Mr. 
Rudyard  Kipling),  from  which  we  quote 
the  following  : — 

TOOTING. 
Supreme  am  I,  S»burbia's  guiding  star, 

And  when  I  speak  let  lesser  tongues  be  dumb ; 
The  prefix  "  Upper"  shows  the  class  we  are  ; 
When  Tooting  Beckons,  Come. 

Scarcely    less    excellent    are    the    '  Morals 
and  Maxims '   after  the  same  distinguished 
model,  which  include  the  lines, 
Lo  !  when  you  spy  'neath  a  hedge  the  loafer  in  blue  at  his 

trade, 
Signalling  lies  to  his  mate— be  thou  in  no  wise  afraid. 
In  vain  in  the  sight  of  the  Car  is  the  trap  of  the  Copper 
displayed. 

The  most  distinctive  trait  in  the  author's 
work,  however,  is  the  natural  deftness  of 
his  method,  by  which  he  is  able  to  obtain 
his  effects  simply  and  with  no  apparent 
straining — a  trait  well  exemplified  in  certain 
stanzas  "  after  Wordsworth  "  : — 

She  dealt,  and  seemed  in  worldly  ways 

A  guileless  little  dove, 
And  made  me  loth  her  trumps  to  "  raise  " 

And  score  a  lot  to  love. 

Hut  ah,  my  feelings  none  can  know 

When  Lucy  said  that  she 
Would  pav  one-half  her  debt,  and  owe 

The  difference  to  me. 

Though  some  of  its  contents  are  of  a  nature 
to  appeal  chiefly  to  the  University  man, 
the  volume  as  a  whole  deserves  a  warm 
welcome  from  all  who  lay  claim  to  the 
humorous  sense. 


OUR    LIBRARY   TABLE. 

Mr.  Duncan  Schwann's  book  is  of  un- 
equal merit.  The  Spirit  of  Parliament 
affects  tho  youthful  "  new  member "  in 
varying  fashions  on  different  days  ;    and  in 


this  volume,  published  by  the  firm  of  Alston 
Rivers,  we  find  no  solid  body  of  doctrine, 
while  the  effect  of  its  anecdotes  tells  in  no 
one   direction.     That   the   author   possesses 
descriptive   power   we    cannot   doubt   after 
reading      his      account      of      Mr.      Winston 
Churchill's  oratory  on  pp.  45-7  ;   but  we  are 
not  equally   pleased  with   all   his   chapters. 
Individual      instances  —  representative      of 
classes — may  be  cited  to  upset  most  of  Mr. 
Schwann's     theories.       His     description     on 
the  sixth  page  of  a  typical  failure  is  con- 
tradicted,  for  example,   by  the  remarkable 
success    of    the    first    two    speeches    in    the 
House  of  Commons  of  Mr.  Lever—"  a  soap- 
king."     Mr.    Schwann's    larger    theories    of 
constitutional  democracy  will  hardly  stand 
historical    investigation.     He    regards    the 
effect   on    the    Constitution    of    the   United 
States    of   the   separation    of    the   adminis- 
trative and  legislative  powers  as    "malig- 
nant."    More  serious  observers  treat  it  more 
respectfully.     The     Swiss     system,     as     we 
showed   last   week   in    our    comment   on   a 
preface  by  Sir  Courtenay  Ubert,  differs  from 
the  Constitutions  of  the  United  Kingdom 
and  the  United  States.     But  it  is  nearer  to 
the  American  than  to  our  own,  and  receives 
increasing    favour    among    political    philo- 
sophers ;     while    few    now    agree    with    the 
apparent    view    of     our    author    that    the 
last   word   of   British   democracy    is    to   be 
found    in    a    Parliamentary   system   resting 
on    a    number    of    conditions    alternately 
praised  and  blamed  by  him.     "  A  Ministry 
must  be  able  to  count ....  upon  an  indis- 
criminating     support."       "  Our      two-Party 
system  "  is  thought  by  him  to  be  essential, 
and    assumed    to    be    permanent.     Surely 
no  one  who  considers  Australia  can  doubt 
that  a  Labour  party  in  this  country   (not 
to    speak    of    an    Irish    Nationalist    party) 
testifies  to  the  probability  of  the  eventual 
destruction  of  this  bedrock  of  the  present 
Parliamentary  system.     Mr.  Schwann  proves 
too    much.     He    demonstrates    to    his    own 
satisfaction  that  it  is  the  bounden  duty  of  a 
member  to  vote  in  every  division,  however 
doubtful     or    uninstructed     he    knows     his 
opinion  to  be.     In  a  passage  already  quoted 
he  proves  that  this  regular  vote  must  be 
regularly  cast  for  his  party.     He  explains 
that  the  House  now  sits  only  to  '  register 
the  decrees  "  of  an  executive,  the  power  of 
which  has  grown  rapidly,  and  is,  he  thinks, 
altogether  dominant.     Yet  on  other   pages 
his  optimism  leads  him  to  expect  improve- 
ments   inconsistent     with    these    facts,     if, 
indeed,  they  be  facts.     It  is  perhaps  unfair 
to  treat  Mr.  Schwann  as  a  political  philo- 
sopher,   and   safer   to   describe  his   volume 
as  one  containing  only  the  first  ideas  of  a 
young  member.     Some  historical  points  are 
raised    by    the   volume,    but    they    concern 
matters  already  discussed  in  The  Athenceum. 
It  is  perhaps  less  true  than  Mr.   Schwann 
believes   that   John  Wilkes  was   the   demon 
that  he  here  seems  ;    and  we  should  have 
described    Sir    Peter   Wentworth    rather    as 
cunning  than  by  the  author's  term  "  fiery." 
"  Peppery "   he  was,  as  are  many  English 
country-gentlemen;      but     "fiery"     is     an 
epithet  more  applicable  to  Sir  Peter's  grand- 
father, the  other  Peter — a  far  more  distin- 
guished member  of  the  House  and  a  Puritan 
martyr,  whose  admirable  wif<\  Walsingham's 
sister,  died,  nursing  her  dying  husband,  in 
the   Tower.     Sir   Peter   levied   illegal    taxes 
for   Charles    I.,   and    then  returned  to   the 
Puritan    fold.     He    was    appointed    to    the 
High  Court   of  Justice,  but  avoided   "regi- 
cide."     Ho    became    the    chairman    of    tho 
Irish    Committee,    and    of    the    Admiralty 
Committee  of  the  Lord  Protector's  Council 
of   State.     He   used    his   public    position    in 
his  private  feuds,  whs  denounced  by  Crom- 
well, and  "  ro-ratted."     Ho  sat  in  Rostora- 


L58 


T  II  E     A  T  II  EN  .!•:  I'M 


No.  11-!'.  Feb.  8,  L908 


tinn   Parliament*,  but   hia  last   will,  though 
he  had   Burvived   Riilton,  still   oontaini 
:.  \    to    In-   friend    the  secretary   of   the 
lit    Worshipful   Counoil  of   Hia   II 
Oliver.     Sir  rater  was  a  magnificent  time- 
Ben  1 1 

Mi:    \k'. Fobster'b  English  Socialism 

y  (Smith,  Blder  A  Co.)  is  not  •  work 
of  a  nature  to  bo  roviowod  in  our  columns. 
The  bearing  on  party  politics  of  its  highly 
oontroversia]  matter  makes  it  unsuitable 
for  detailed  criticism  in  our  pages.  Mr. 
^rnold-Forster,  while  attacking  many  of 
the  publicationB  of  British  Socialism,  admits 
that  "Socialism"  in  some  senses  of  the 
term  might  "easily  become  a  great  power 
for  good  ;  and  rightly  points  out  that  it 
is  "  much  more  the  outcomo  of  circum- 
stances than  the  direct  result  of  Socialist 
teaching.  .  .  .To  a  great  extent  Socialism  is 
nn  appeal  to  the  unhappy  and  the  un- 
fortunate." Ho  is  hardly  justified  by  history 
in  the  assertion  that  "  Socialist  writers.  .  .  . 
claim  to  be  the  successors  "  of  "  the  Jaco- 
bins." On  the  contrary,  they  often  point 
out  that  the  French  Jacobins  were  for  the 
most  part  as  anti-Socialist  as  was  their 
English  successor — Bradlaugh.  Mr.  Arnold- 
Forster  remarks  that  "  the  Socialists.  .  .  .are 
always  looking  either  at  what  is  going  to 
happen  to-morrow  or  what  is  going  to  happen 
a  thousand  years  hence"  :  an  observation 
for  which  there  is  some  warrant.  When  he 
discusses  economical  questions,  they  are 
handled  so  briefly  that  the  result  is  far  from 
satisfactory.  The  statement  that  "  wages 
will  not  be  raised  by  Act  of  Parliament " 
might  be  taken  as  a  text  for  an  essay  of 
some  value  ;  but  the  naked  assertion  is  not 
helpful.  It  is,  we  believe,  admitted  that 
wages  have  been  raised  as  a  result  of  such 
arbitrations  as  those  conducted  by  Mr. 
Askwith  on  behalf  of  the  Board  of  Trade — 
in  the  lace  trade  at  Nottingham,  for  ex- 
ample ;  and  it  is  difficult  to  prove  that  an 
Act  of  Parliament  giving  legal  force  to  such 
a  system  might  not,  in  the  case  of  the 
sweated  trades,  have  that  effect  the  possi- 
bility of  which  is  denied  by  Mr.  Arnold- 
Forster. 

It    may    be    well    to    have    an    "  official 
account "     of     The     Second    Afghan     War, 
1878-80  (John  Murray),  in  a  single  volume, 
for    reference,    on    the    library    shelf.     The 
work  is  hardly  suited  to  the  general  reader, 
and  its  form  is  not  that  preferred  by  soldiers, 
who  like  a  separate  atlas  or  a  portfolio  of 
maps.     Those    in    this    volume    cannot    be 
used  for  study  without  being  at  once  torn 
out.     Lord  Roberts  has  told   the  story  of 
the  advance  on  Kabul,  the  defence  of  that 
city  against  repeated  attacks  in  the  winter 
of    1879-80,   and   his   march   to   Kandahar. 
The  official  pages  are  dry  when  set  beside  his 
narrative.     All   that  is  remembered  by  the 
armies    and    the    European    public    is,    un- 
fortunately, the  disaster  of  Maiwand.     The 
most   unhappy   episodes   of  our  occupation 
of  Kandahar  and  of  the  campaigns  of  the 
previous  autumn  further  north  are  attenu- 
ated in  the  extracts  printed  in  this  volume 
from  the  fuller  official  account  written  under 
the  orders  of  Sir  Charles  MacGrogor.     Lord 
Roberts  has  shown  that  Maiwand  did  not 
stand    alone.     The    Bombay    cavalry    and 
infantry   (supported  by  a  battery  of  horse 
artillery,  and  at  Maiwand  by  a  weak  British 
battalion,    a    second    being    in    Kandahar) 
were  badly  handled,  but,  at  any  time,  little 
fit  to  face  the  Herat  and  Kabul  regulars. 
In   certain  circumstances,   even   the   tribes- 
men of  the  border  were  too  much  for  well- 
drilled    Bombay    troops.     That    a    British 
force  should  be  beaten  on  the  Eelmund  was 
bad  enough  ;    that  it  should  be  beaten  by  a 
totally  unwarlike  prince,  as  was  Ayoub,  was 


inding  to   Lord   Rob  it  .  unable  m  he 

afterwards      found      him-eh       t.,      make      the 
victors    hold     their    ground    sufficiently    for 

I  i    tn  te.     The  force,  hunted  by  the  Afgha 

into      Kandahar,      tried      one     BOrtie,      D 

!•  eble  if  possible  than  had  been   its  opera- 
tions in   the  field.     The  sortie  Lb   called  a 

"success"     in    the   official    volume;    but    no 
one    can     read     the    details,    or     romembor 
what    was    thought    at    the    timo,    without 
being  aware  that  such  was  not  the  opinion 
of  Sir  Donald  Stowart  or  of  Sir  I'.   Roberts. 
Nothing  could  havo  been  more  satisfactory 
than  tho  organization  of  the  relief  colun 
and   tho  conduct  of  the  troops   dispatched 
from  tho  north  and  from  the  south-east  to 
re-establish    tho   supremacy     of     our     arms 
at  Kandahar.     Tho  Afghan  army,  after  one 
stand   on   a  fortified   mountain   side,   aban- 
doned the  whole  of  the  guns  used  by  them 
with    much    effect    at    Maiwand,    and    dis- 
appeared.    Two    days    afterwards    nothing 
could  bo  found  in  the  shape  of  an  enemy  any- 
where  botweon    Kandahar  and    the   moun- 
tains of  Central  and  Northern  Afghanistan. 
It  was  perhaps  hardly  worth  while  to  publish 
a  big   volume    now   about    military   events 
in   Afghanistan     in    1879-80.      But   foreign 
students  of  the  frontier  will  be  glad  to  have 
the  maps,  already,  we  imagine,  for  the  most 
part    in    the    possession    of    Indian    and    of 
interested  British  officers.     As  a  matter  of 
literary     phrasing    we    may    mention     the 
similarity    in    the    descriptions    of    British 
defeats  at  the  extreme  right  in  the  battle 
of     Ladysmith     on     "  Mournful     Monday " 
and   at   Maiwand.      The   Athenaeum   quoted 
the  words  used  in  the  official   account  of 
Ladysmith.     In    that    here    given    of    the 
cavalry   charge  ordered   during   the  middle 
period  of  Maiwand,  when  "  the  men  did  not 
readily  respond,"  we  read  :    "  Our  men.  .  .  . 
retired  hastily  and  in  some  confusion."     In 
connexion  with  recent  proposals  to  establish 
a  cantonment  at  Torsappar,  situate  in  the 
mountains    between    the    Khyber    and    the 
Kabul  river,  and  in  sight  of  Dakka,  we  note 
the  description  of  the  surrounding  country 
here  given  in  the  account  of  the  operations 
against  the  Mohmands    in    January,    1880. 
The  hills  are  so  steep  that  there  was  a  great 
loss    of   baggage    animals    which    fell    over 
precipices  on;,  the  paths — all  crossing  "slippery 
rock  "  :     "  even   the  unshod  battery  mules 
could   not   keep    their   footing."     The   lulls 
are  also  "  without  water."     The  railway,  to 
which    unfortunately    "  a    general    assent " 
was  given  a  few  years  ago,  leads  to  nowhere 
in   particular  ;     and   the  main   objection   to 
Lord    Kitchener's    proposal    of    a    military 
station   between    three   and   four    thousand 
feet  above  the  Kabul  river  is  that  service 
in  such   a  spot  is   equally  unpopular  with 
British    and    with    native    troops,    and    one 
hardly  to  be  forced  on  them  unless  the  need 
is   more   clear   than   the   majority   of   great 
frontier  officers  recognize.     The  index  is  not 
perfect.     We  fail,  for  example,  to  find  "  the 
decisive  victory  of  Ahmed  Khel." 

Stories  from  the  Arabian  Nights.  Retold 
by  Laurence  Housman.  Drawings  by  Ed- 
mund Dulac.  (Hodder  &  Stoughton.) — 
Mr.  Housman  treats  the  '  Arabian  Nights ' 
in  no  spirit  of  excessive  pedantry.  In  the 
first  place,  his  '  Arabian  Nights '  are  not 
strictly  the  genuine  thing.  Half  of  the 
six  storios  do  not  occur  in  any  original 
manuscript  of  the  '  Alf  Leyla  wa  Leyla '  : 
they  are  in  fact  what  Burton  called  '  Supple- 
mental Nights.'  They  are,  however,  capital 
stories,  and  Mr.  Housman  was  justified  in 
retelling  them.  Aladdin,  Ali  Baba,  and 
Khudadad  and  tho  Princess  of  Deryabar  are 
not  part  of  the  '  Arabian  Nights.'  As  to  the 
retolling,  Mr.  Housman  takes  all  sorts  of 
liberties,  and  we  do  not  blame  him.  He  picks 
out  such  passages  and  incidents  as  suit  his 


purpose,    some    iron,    <,j1(.    versi  ■■  . 

from  another ;    and  he  shac]  int 

of    the   story    where   In,   thinks   it   advisable, 
to  make  good  n  adable 

without    trouble  if   about    Oriental 

"  atmosphere,'1  local  "  colour,"  or  textual 
accuracy.  How  little  be  knows  about 
Oriental  scholarship  may  be  divined  bom 

the  careful  manner  in  which  he  always  puts 
an  a<c,  i,t  on  the  final  e  of  the  name  ho 
spells  "  Scheherazade."  Ho  is  rignt  in 
making  Shahrazad  the  heroine  of  the 
•  Eights'  :  — 

"The  idea  whioh  binds  the  stories  together  is 

■  r  and    more  romantic  than  the  stories  them- 

selves Scheherazade,     loquacious     and 

.  sitting  ujj  in  bed  at  bhi  1  of 

dawn  to  save  her  neck  for  the  round  of  another 
day.  Here  is  a  figure  of  romance  worth  a  dozen  of 
the  prolix  stories  to  which  it  has  )>een  made 
sponsor  ;  and  often  we  may  have  followed  t  he 
fortunes  of  some  shoddy  hero  and  heroine  chiefly 
to  determine  at  what  possible  point  of  interest  toe 
narrator  could  have  left  hanging  that  frail  thread 
on  which  for  another  twenty-four  hours  her  life 
was  to  depend." 

Procrastination  was  therefore  "  the  basis 
of  her  art,"  and  hence  the  prolixity  of  the 
tales,  according  to  Mr.  Housman.  It  is 
a  pretty  idea,  and  we  fear  the  impending 
tragedy,  happily  averted,  of  poor  Shahra- 
zad is  often  forgotten  by  readers  of  the 
'  Arabian  Nights  '  after  the  first  few  pages. 
But  of  course  Mr.  Housman  knows  perfectly 
well,  and  indeed  explains,  that  the  idea  is 
really  nonsense,  so  far  as  the  character 
of  the  stories  is  concerned.  They  are 
procrastinating,  tedious,  prolix,  as  he  says, 
in  all  conscience  :  but  they  are  so  because 
they  are  Eastern  tales,  not  because  Shahrazad 
had  to  put  off  the  executioner.  The  con- 
necting story  was  made  up  independently 
of  the  stories  it  includes.  To  write  of  the 
'  Arabian  Nights '  as  "  the  product  of  a 
race  "  is  also  absurd,  especially  after  they 
have  been  described  as  "a  miscellany 
gathered  from  various  sources,  of  various 
dates." 

The  text  is  only  a  peg  whereon  to  hang 
the  pictures,  and  these  are  most  delightfully 
whimsical  to  the  present  reviewer.  Without 
any  straining  after  archaeological  accuracy, 
they  are  strictly  Oriental  in  tone,  and  what 
is  far  more,  they  are  magical  without  any 
of  the  conventional  artifices.  You  feel 
you  are  looking  at  a  world  of  wonder,  and 
that  it  is  an  Eastern  world.  Persia  has 
suggested  most  of  the  dress  and  the  architec- 
ture, with  here  and  there  a  touch  of  Cairo 
or  Damascus.  The  faces  of  the  men 
are  predominantly  Persian  or  Turkish,  but 
always  grotesque  and  Rabelaisian  ;  the 
girls  are  lovely,  but  they  are  not  Eastern 
girls — rather  do  they  recall  the  types  of 
Burne-Jones,  but  that  does  not  destroy  the 
illusion.  The  scenery  belongs  to  fairyland 
or  Mr.  Rackham's  land.  But  the  triumph  of 
the  art  lies  in  its  suggestion  of  marvel, 
of  magic,  in  every  line.  The  only  criticism 
that  occurs  to  us  at  all  forcibly  is  that  there 
is  too  much  striving  after  the  grotesque 
— indeed,  the  farcical.  The  people  of  the 
'  Arabian  Nights,'  with  rare  exceptions, 
wore  not  buffoons  ;  and  the  Persians — after 
all,  many  of  the  tales  are  Persian,  and  M. 
Dulac  was  right  to  choose  a  Persian  style 
— are  not  a  funny  people,  all  broad  grins 
and  rib-splitting,  as  one  might  imagine 
from  these  drawings.  However,  if  the 
painter's  conception,  an  odd  medley  of 
wonderment  and  farce,  be  admitted,  he 
has  carried  it  out  with  great  skill.  The 
jolly  fat  viziers  might  be  Karakush — not 
the"  historical,  but  he  of  the  coffee-shops 
and  plays — or  again  they  might  be  Pai 
gruel.  The  damsel  who  upsets  the  frying- 
pan  with   the  four  coloured  fish   is  not  in 


No.  4189,  Feb.  8,  1908 


THE    ATHEN.EUM 


159 


the  least  like  an  Eastern  ginniya  ;  but  she 
as  magical  enough,  as  well  as  wholly  charm- 
ing, and  the  snake  on  her  arm  gives  the 
true  touch.  This  curious  atmosphere  of 
magic,  never  more  brilliantly  suggested 
than  in  these  delightful  drawings,  enters 
specially  into  the  scenes  in  the  story  of  the 
King  of  the  Ebony  Isles :  the  Rip  van 
Winkle  rocks,  the  strange  gnarled  and  light- 
ning-riven trees — all  much  after  Mr.  Rack- 
ham's  imaginations — and  the  haunted  look 
in  the  Queen's  eyes  are  marvellously 
convincing.  The  old  fisherman  potter- 
ing along  the  brown  lane  beside  the 
mud  walls,  with  the  peep  of  blue  water 
and  lateen  sails  beyond,  is  a  real  vision  of 
the  East.  Fat  Ali  Baba  and  his  braying 
ass  are  delicious  ;  but  the  Forty  Thieves 
remind  us  too  forcibly  of  the  pantomime 
of  former  days.  The  old  cobbler,  Baba 
Mustafa,  like  the  fisherman,  is  excellent, 
and  so  is  Morgiana  ;  in  fact,  she  is  the  most 
delightful  figure  of  them  all,  and  the  final 
dance  and  dagger  scene  is  one  of  the  happiest 
of  many  happy  conceptions  :  the  fascinating 
whirling  figure  in  the  midst  ;  Abdallah 
with  his  stupid  mouth  open,  droning  a 
chant  to  his  lute  ;  and  the  admiring  animal 
face  of  Ali,  sitting  beside  the  grim  chief 
of  the  robbers,  make  up  a  perfect  little 
picture.  The  laughing  courtiers  in  a  later 
drawing  are  overdone,  with  their  huge 
noses  and  violent  guffaws — they  belong  to 
Rabelais,  not  to  the  East  ;  but  the  consulta- 
tion of  the  doctors  is  admirable.  Good  as 
the  details  usually  are,  we  do  not  like  Mr. 
Dulac's  tiles. 

Bath  under  Beau  Nash.  By  Lewis  Mel- 
ville. (E.  Nash.) — Richard  Nash  rests  his 
fame  not  only  on  his  constitution  of  Bath 
as  a  social  centre,  but  also  on  his  establish- 
ment of  the  prototype  of  the  beau.  Ex- 
quisites there  had  been  in  plenty  before 
him,  even  to  the  days  of  Alcibiades.  Shak- 
speare  has  left  us  a  vivid  rendering  of 
one  Elizabethan  fop,  and  bucks  of  the 
town  were  as  common  as  blackberries  in 
the  reigns  of  the  later  Stuarts.  But  the 
pure  beau  waited  for  creation  by  Nash. 
His  office  as  autocrat  of  Bath  gave  him 
his  opportunity  ;  he  could  not  have  risen 
to  such  heights  of  individualism  otherwise. 
He  made  it  possible  for  Beau  Brummell 
to  follow  and  vary  him.  It  is  not  fair  to 
deal  with  the  two  men  on  the  same  level, 
for  Nash  had  in  him  a  genius  for  organiza- 
tion and  a  social  talent  which  elevated 
him  far  above  mere  dandies.  His  wit  was 
not  astonishing  ;  his  humour  was  elemen- 
tary ;  but  his  personality  was  supreme. 
And  under  his  official  glitter  he  carried 
a  heart  capable  of  disinterested  kindnesses. 
One  is  not  disposed  to  claim  too  many 
virtues  for  a  master  of  ceremonies  at  a 
fasluonable  resort  ;  but  Nash  has  it  to  his 
credit  that  he  brought  the  duel  into  dis- 
repute, and  set  his  face  against  loose  living. 
One  is  content  to  believe  that  all  this 
was  done  with  an  eye  to  business  That 
matters  nothing.  Nash  takes  his  place  as 
a  practical  reformer,  and  has  justified  his 
honourable  mention  in  the  pages  of  Buckle. 

Mr.  Melville  has  written  an  agreeable 
account  of  this  interesting  man,  and  on 
the  whole  an  adequate  account.  There 
is  a  smack  of  bookmaking  about  his  per- 
formance, which  arises  from  his  lengthy 
quotations  and  extracts.  He  claims  to 
havo  studied  carefully  all  the  authorities, 
I  appends  to  his  volumo  a  formidable 
list  of  these.  He  is  seen  at  his  best  in  his 
summary  of  Nash's  character,  a  not  unworthy 
and  gonerous  estimate  in  which  we  can 
concur.  Nash  was  no  tuft-hunter.  Ho  was 
never  ashamed  of  his  origin,  and  one  of  his 
'best  retorts   was    to    tho  Duchess   of  Marl- 


borough, who  accused  him  of  never  men- 
tioning his  father :  "  No,  madam,  I  seldom 
mention  my  father  in  company,  not  because  I 
have  any  reason  to  be  ashamed  of  him,  but 
because  he  has  some  reason  to  be  ashamed 
of  me."  Mr.  Melville's  book  is  seasoned 
by  many  anecdotes  and  verses,  and  is 
sufficiently  illustrated. 

The  Itinerary  of  Benjamin  of  Tudela. 
Critical  Text,  Translation,  and  Commentary 
by  M.  N.  Adler.  (Frowde.) — Benjamin  of 
Tudela  occupies  an  honourable  place  among 
the  early  travellers  who,  not  content  with 
obtaining  information  for  the  purpose  of 
satisfying  their  own  curiosity  and  serving 
their  private  interests,  took  the  pains  to 
write  out  a  careful  account  of  what  they  saw 
and  heard  in  the  lands  they  visited.  The 
main  value  of  the  '  Itinerary  '  lies,  of 
course,  in  the  full  and  accurate  statements 
given  in  it  of  the  numbers  and  the  condition 
of  the  Jews  in  various  parts  of  Europe,  Asia, 
and  Africa  during  the  latter  part  of  the 
twelfth  century.  But  its  interest  is  by  no 
means  confined  to  this  branch  of  informa- 
tion ;  for  things  Christian  and  Mohammedan, 
besides  a  number  of  matters  which  are 
interesting  from  the  point  of  view  of  folk- 
lore, are  sedulously  noted  and  briefly 
commented  upon  in  the  concise  and  crisp 
narrative  of  the  observant  traveller.  We 
have  here,  in  fact,  a  kind  of  panorama  in 
which  the  Jews,  naturally  placed  in  the 
foreground,  are  stationed  in  their  proper 
positions  amidst  the  ruling  races  of  the 
East  and  West.  The  high  value  of  such  a 
book  of  travels  did  not,  accordingly,  escape 
the  attention  of  the  learned  during  the 
general  revival  of  study  in  the  six- 
teenth century.  To  Hebraists  the  oppor- 
tunity of  gauging  its  importance  was  given 
by  the  editions  of  Constantinople  andFerrara, 
which  appeared  in  1543  and  1556  respect- 
ively ;  and  the  Latin  translation  of  Arias 
Montanus,  printed  at  Antwerp  in  1575,  had 
naturally  the  effect  of  making  it  widely 
known  among  Christian  scholars.  L'Em- 
pereur  published  another  Latin  translation 
in  1633,  and  there  are  also  French,  German, 
Dutch,  and  English  renderings,  besides — 
as  might  be  expected — rather  numerous 
editions  and  reprints  of  the  Hebrew  text. 

It  would  be  better  still  if  one  could  feel 
certain  that  the  entire  account,  as  originally 
written  by  the  traveller,  has  come  down  to 
us.  As  it  is,  a  fairly  strong  suspicion  remains 
that  the  unknown  redactor,  who  also  added 
a  short  preface,  omitted  parts  which  might 
have  been  interesting  from  the  point  of 
view  of  modern  study.  The  extant  narrative 
is,  however,  throughout  in  the  first  person, 
and  therefore  presumably  in  the  exact  words 
of  the  author.  The  travels  are  generally 
believed  to  have  lasted  from  1160  to  1173. 
Mr.  Adler  would  limit  the  time  of  Benja- 
min's absence  from  Europe  to  1165-71. 
But  his  argument  from  the  dates  in  the 
career  of  Pope  Alexander  III.  is  not  wholly 
convincing  ;  for  instead  of  visiting  Rome 
after  that  Pope's  return  to  the  city  in  1165, 
our  traveller  might  have  been  there  shortly 
after  Alexander's  election  in  1159.  On  the 
other  hand,  it  seems  certain  that  ho  stayed 
at  Cairo  in  1171  ;  and  we  must  therefore 
assume  that  his  return  journey  thence  to 
Spain  occupied  a  considerable  time,  for  it  is 
expressly  stated  in  the  preface  that  he 
reached  Castile  in  1173. 

The  traveller's  route  on  the  outward 
journey  lay  through  Catalonia,  Southern 
France,  Italy,  Greece,  the  islands  of  the 
Levant,  Syria,  Palestine,  and  Mesopotamia. 
During  his  stay  at  Bagdad  lie  tried  to  collect 
information  about  countries  lying  further 
east  and  north.  He  travelled  hack  by  way 
of   Khuzistan,    the   Indian    Ocean,    Yemen, 


Egypt,  and  Sicily.  He  everywhere  put 
himself  into  communication  with  leading 
men,  and  this,  together  with  his  own  native 
shrewdness  and  talent  for  observation, 
enabled  him  to  produce  his  admirable 
'  Itinerary.'  His  statements  regarding  Pales- 
tine are,  as  Mr.  Beazley  observes,  more 
accurate  than  those  made  by  Christian 
pilgrims  of  that  period  ;  and  the  same 
general  trustworthiness  characterizes  the 
work  throughout.  His  mistakes  are  to  be 
attributed  partly  to  the  mediaeval  atmo- 
sphere in  which  he  lived,  and  partly  to  his 
Jewish  training  and  mode  of  thought. 
We  are  thus  informed  that  though  the 
Salt  Pillar  of  Lot's  wife  was  incessantly 
licked  by  sheep,  it  always  grew  again,  and 
remained  as  large  as  ever.  A  statue  of 
Hercules  at  Rome  is  taken  by  him  to  repre- 
sent the  hero  Samson  ;  and  we  are  told 
that  two  copper  pillars  in  St.  John  Lateran, 
stated  to  have  been  originally  made 
by  King  Solomon,  sweated  so  much 
about  the  anniversary  of  the  destruc- 
tion of  the  Temple  that  water  was 
seen  to  pour  down  from  them.  Such 
remarks  in  a  twelfth-century  work  only  add 
to  its  piquancy,  and  do  not  affect  the 
vital  interest  of  a  narrative  which  is 
crammed  with  information  on  Jewish  affairs 
and  the  general  political  and  commercial 
conditions  of  the  time. 

A  word  must  be  said  on  the  special  merits 
of  Mr.  Adler's  edition.  No  manuscript 
copies  have  been  available  to  editors  of  the 
text  since  the  appearance  of  the  editions  of 
1543  and  1556 ;  but  the  present  text  is 
based  on  a  fine  old  copy  of  the  work  pre- 
served at  the  British  Museum,  and  is  besides 
enriched  by  the  readings  of  several  other 
MSS.  Secondly  Mr.  Adler  has  made  a  close 
and  painstaking  study  of  all  the  minute 
geographical  and  historical  points  presented 
by  the  narrative  ;  and  although  it  cannot 
be  affirmed  that  the  last  word  on  every- 
thing has  now  been  said,  the  merit  of  a 
distinct  advance  in  the  critical  study  of  the 
'  Itinerary  '  must  be  cheerfully  accorded  to 
the  new  edition.  In  the  introduction  Mr. 
Adler  gives  a  kind  of  bird's-eye  view  of  the 
conditions  of  the  time. 

We  have  received  at  about  the  same  time 
the  editions  for  1908  of  two  useful  annual 
handbooks.  Dod"s  Parliamentary  Com- 
panion (Whittaker  &  Co.)  is  of  the  usual 
excellence,  and  forms,  as  always,  the  best 
pocket  volume  on  the  two  Houses  ;  while 
Debretfs  House  of  Commons  and  the  Judicial 
Bench  (Dean  &  Son)  is  convenient  for  clubs 
and  library  shelves  of  reference.  We  have 
never  been  perfectly  satisfied  with  the  classi- 
fication of  members  in  any  of  the  Parlia- 
mentary volumes.  It  is  now  everywhere 
better  than  it  used  to  be,  but  still  open  to 
criticism.  We  find,  for  example,  in 
'  Debrett,'  Mr.  John  Ward,  the  member 
for  Stoke-upon-Trent,  described  in  one 
place  merely  as  "  Socialist,"  and  in  another 
— the  biographical  notice — more  fully  as  a 
"  Socialist  '  running  on  a  strong  Labour 
and  Democratic  programme.'  '  The  words 
are  no  doubt  Mr.  Ward's,  but  they  suggest, 
in  both  places,  that  he  sits  specially  as  a 
Socialist,  or  is  a  member  of  the  Labour  party; 
whereas  he  invited,  and  received,  we  believe, 
the  Liboral  voto  in  his  single-handed  contest 
against  a  Conservative,  while  ho  is.  un- 
doubtedly, not  a  member  of  the  Labour 
party.  We  turned  to  tho  name  of  Mr. 
Chiozza  Money  to  see  how  that  "  advanced  " 
member  was  described,  and  thero  is  no 
objection  to  be  taken,  in  this  ease,  to 
the  name  "  Collectivist  Liberal."  In  tho 
Preface  to  '  Debretl  the  editor  divides 
the  House  among  Liberals,  Nationalists. 
Unionists    (with    a    subdivision     into    Con- 


100 


T  II  K     AT  II  i:  N  /VA:  m 


No. 


4181*,  Feb.  8, 


scrvutivivs      ami      Liberal      1'iiionistH),      mid 

"  Labour  and  Socialisl  members,  54."  We 
should  be  inolined  to  suggest  thai  "  ola 
fioation  which  does  not  distinguish  the 
Labour  parts,  and  which  probably  lumps 
Mr.  Burl  and  Mr.  John  Wilson  with  Mi 
Qrayson,  as  well  as  with  the  solid  party  Iml 
by  Mr.  Henderson,  is  Ear  Erom  useful.  It 
w.nild  be  better  to  name  1 1 » « »  parties  as  they 
are  aotuallj  organized  in  the  House  of 
Commons  ox  1008,  and  were  in  that  of  1007. 
•  Dod,1  which  at  one  tune  was  the  subject 
of  somewhal  similar  comment  in  our  review, 
appears  now  to  avoid  most  of  tho  common 
errors  j  but  the  description  of  Mr.  John 
Ward  as  a  "  Labour  member,"  may  bo  con- 
trasted with  that  of  Mr.  Burt,  styled  "a 
Kadical,  in  favour  of  Homo  Rule.'  Some 
of  tho  minors  are  more  accuratoly  called 
"  Liberal  and  Labour." 

The  Catholic  Who  's  Who,  edited  by  Sir 
F.  C.  Burnand  (Burns  &  Oates),  is  a  valuable 
book  of  reference.  The  biographios  (over 
two  thousand  in  number)  abound  in  details, 
and  include  a  great  many  people  of  interest 
to  the  literary  world.  We  have  tested  the 
volume  in  various  parts,  and  found  it 
audably  accurate. 

The  Roots  of  Reality  :  being  Suggestions 
for  a  Philosophical  Reconstruction.  By  E. 
Belfort  Bax'.  (E.  Grant  Richards.) — Pro- 
fessionalism is  just  as  odious  in  philosophy 
as  in  athletics ;  wherefore,  if  Mr.  Bax 
handles  metaphysics  decidedly  en  amateur, 
liis  conscientious  effort  to  get  to  the  bottom 
of  things  merits  respect  and  attention  none 
the  less.  Amateurism  reveals  itself  in  want 
of  scholarship — Greek  accents  anywhere  and 
anyhow,  barbarisms  such  as  "ego-noumenon," 
positive  blunders  such  as  "  termina  a  quo 
and  ad  quern  "  ;  but,  more  crucially  still, 
in  a  certain  want  of  method,  method  of 
exposition  at  all  events,  and,  we  suspect, 
method  of  connected  and  consistent  thinking. 
In  our  judgment  (warped,  it  may  be,  by 
undue  familiarity  with  philosophic  schools 
of  the  day  and  their  shibboleths)  Mr.  Bax 
tries  to  bring  together  two  incompatible 
kinds  of  Idealism,  and  succeeds  in  concealing 
this  fundamental  incompatibility  from  him- 
self only  by  declining  to  push  either  of  the 
alternative  arguments  really  home.  Thus 
Mr.  Bax  will  have  nothing  to  do  with  pure 
Pallogism — in  other  words,  the  Hegelian  view 
of  things  ;  he  refuses  to  whittle  away  the 
world  into  bloodless  categories.  On  the 
other  hand,  he  does  believe  in  a  consciousness- 
in-general.  How  he  arrives  at  it  we  are  not 
told  ;  it  is  a  postulate,  it  appears,  but  no 
analysis  is  offered  of  the  mearing  of  postula- 
tion.  We  suspect  our  author  in  all  this  to 
be.  consciously  or  unconsciously,  following 
in  the  footsteps  of  Mr.  Bradley.  At  any 
rate,  he  seems  to  accept  that  philosopher's 
view  that  solipsism  and  pluralism  are  equally 
unthinkablo  ;  whereupon  consciousness-in- 
general  is,  presumably,  the  sole  resource 
left  to  him.  From  this  we  proceed  to  an 
ultimate  test  of  truth  which  is  found  in  the 
self-consistency  of  consciousness  as  a  whole 
— again  a  reminiscence  of  Mr.  Bradley.  But 
here  comes  the  rub.  In  all  mind  and 
consciousness  an  alogical  element  stands 
out  against  the  logical  element,  and  can 
never  be  merged  therein,  being  fundament- 
ally other.  This  is  the  central  topic  of  the 
book,  and  the  chapter  dealing  with  the 
nature  of  these  antithetic  elements  is  inter- 
esting, and  deserves  caroful  study.  Some- 
times the  author  seems  almost  to  make  tho 
alogical  element  equivalent  to  will,  or  will 
and  feeling  in  conjunction;  but  on  the  whole 
his  intontion  appears  to  be  to  identify  it 
with  the  "  thisness  "  of  present  conscious- 
ness. In  the  interest  of  the  postulated 
consciousness-in-general    the  claim  of  this- 


of  Immediacy  to  be  th<>  sole  reality 
is  disallowed,  and  tin-  live  actual  reduced 
to  level  terms  with  a  bloodless  potential. 
This  is  not ,  as  we  under  I  and  Kir.  I 
the  potential  of  the  absolutist,  capable 
ultimately  and  somehow  of  attaining  to 
complete  actuality.  There  is  no  hint  that 
death  is  one  day  to  be  swallowed  up  in 
victory.  Cons  iousness-in  -j/cimthI  is  in  per- 
petual dualism  with  itself.  But,  if  so,  tho 
ultimate  test  of  truth  proposed  is  utterly 
nugatory.  Consciousnos-i  can  never  be  a 
self-consistent  whole,  and  any  alogical  and 
immediate  truth-feeling  that  seems  to  tell 
us  that  it  h  must  consequently  be  a  sham. 
Its  "  presuppositional  value"  can  never  be 
more  than  relative  to  fallible  mankind. 

Now  this,  we  imagine,  Mr.  Bax  would 
scarcely  be  concerned  to  deny.  Though  he 
goes  to  the  Pallogist  for  his  principles,  his 
pieoccupation  with  the  "alogical"  foices 
him  to  invest  them  with  a  purely  humanistic 
validity  and  use.  Indeed,  we  suspect  that 
he  might  bo  persuaded  to  avow  a  whole- 
hearted humanism,  were  he  not  inclined  to 
identify  personal  idealism  with  individualism. 
Mr.  Bax  is  a  Socialist,  and  his  consciousness- 
in-general  is  not  the  Absolute,  but  rather 
Humanity.  But  what  a  Socialistic  meta- 
physic,  that  contemptuously  rejects  all 
thought  of  pluralism  !  No  communion  of 
saints  in  heaven  ;  and  on  earth  the  fleeting 
generations  of  individuals  whose  highest 
good  is  alogically  apprehended  in  some 
mock  synthesis  of  asymptotes. 

The  Transactions  of  the  Berlin  Oriental 
Seminary  for  1907  contain  some  important 
philological  and  ethnographical  contribu- 
tions. Prof.  Meinhof  continues  his  studies 
of  East  African  languages,  including  in  the 
present  instalment  Zaiamo  (Dzalamo)  and 
Ndorobo.  This,  we  fancy,  is  the  first 
detailed  study  of  the  latter  as  an  inde- 
pendent language  ;  a  short  vocabulary  was 
published  by  Sir  H.  H.  Johnston  in  '  The 
Uganda  Protectorate,'  Art.  II.  We  may  also 
mention  '  Some  Remarks  on  the  Masai  Verb,' 
by  H.  A.  Fokken  ;  a  sketch  of  Kipangwa 
phonetics  (the  Wapangwa  are  to  be  found 
in  German  East  Africa,  to  the  east  of  Lake 
Nyasa),  by  M.  Klamroth  ;  and  '  The  Lan- 
guage of  the  Banoho  '  (Kamerun),  by 
P.  G.  A.  Adams.  Father  Adams  has  further 
examined  this  language,  comparing  it  with 
that  of  the  neighbouring  Bapuku  tribe, 
in  the  last  number  of  Anthropos.  Herr 
Mischlich  publishes  some  Hausa  traditions 
in  the  original  text,  with  interlinear  German 
translation  ;  and  Herr  C.  Spiess  continues 
a  valuable  series  of  papers  under  the  title 
'  Blicke  in  das  Zauber-  und  Gotterwesen 
der  Anloer  Westafrikas  ' — the  Anlo  being  a 
branch  of  the  Ehwe,  whose  symbolical 
gesture-language  is  treated,  in  an  article 
full  of  curious  information,  by  Herr  Diedrich 
Westermann,  one  of  the  foremost  authorities 
on  this  people. 


UNPUBLISHED    LANDOR    MS. 

In  a  recent  notice  of  a  reprint  of  Landor's 
'  Hellenics '  what  he  himself  had  said  about 
those  poems  was  quoted  from  a  manuscript 
in  his  handwriting.  The  whole  paper, 
which  was  found  with  other  MSS.  in 
Landor's  writing-desk,  is  headed  '  Part  of 
a  Letter,'  but  contains  no  other  clue  to 
his  object  in  writing  it.  It  is  of  interest, 
since  it  deals  with  his  ideas  on  versifica- 
tion ;  and  I  give  it  below,  leaving  its 
occasional  eccentricities  of  spelling,  &c.  : — 

"  You  toll  mo  you  are  afraid  my  '  Hellenics,' 
being  in  blank  verse,  will  not  be  popular.  I  do 
believe  I  might  be  pleased  by  popularity,  if  it  had 


to  me,  bat  I  sever  asDcd  it  or  made  room 

fur  it. 

■•  Now  ■  taw  wordi  la  n  ply  to  yoma  oa  retain* 

cation.     Thii  form  of  versification  in  aaoassarj  in 

tragic  and  epic,  if  indeed  epic  t).'  ■  to 

■  .tin  :  the  '  Baeid     It  the  La  ,  ia 

it,  which  indeed  1 1 
urn' I,  t.,  be  regretted  when  wa  read  Tastio,  Ariosto, 
and  Scott.     81  the  first  who  has  giTan 

us  a  specimen  of  what  \<rs<  without  rhyme  ass  do. 
ay  seldom  admit-  s  sonorous  period  \  ret  has 
ever  sprang  Erom  poet  one  so  grand  as  the 
close  of 

The  cloud-capl  towem,  <fcc.? 

"  Attempts  have  been  made  lately  to  turn  the 
'  Iliad  '  into  English  hexameters.     Barbarous  work  '. 

Intolerable  crucifixion!  The.  German  old  women 
have  been  cloying  and  overloading  our  stomacha 
— and  not  with  sweets. 

' '  We  have  measures  of  our  own  in  greater 
variety  than  Roman  and  Greek,  and,  I  will  venture 
to  add,  no  less  harmonious.  Oars  are  more  \xxu- 
liarly  adapted  to  the  subjects.  For  instance,  the 
earliest  specimen  of  the  elegiac  is  the  war-song  of 
Tyrt;cos.  It  marches  with  the  Spartan,  it  dances 
with  Theokritos,  it  sports  with  Ovid,  and  it  sighs 
on  the  bosom  of  Tibullus.  It  does  equally  well  in 
epigram,  but  less  properly  than  phaleucics,  which 
lie  in  the  preserves  of  Catullus. 

"  But  nobody  would  employ  the  English  elegiac 
measure  to  such  a  purpose.  Is  there  any  of  the 
Greek  so  suitable  to  tenderness  and  melancholy  as 
that  in  Gray's  '  Church  yard  '?  The  censurers  of 
this  poet  and  of  Pope  censure  neither  of  them  in  the 
right  place.  It  was  wrong  in  both  to  tag  their 
own  personalities  on  the  most  interesting  and  de- 
lightful of  poems.  Heloise  was  thinking  of  Abeil- 
lard  alone,  and  we  would  be  thinking  only  of 
Heloise.  She  was  not  looking  out  for  distant 
visitors  to  the  Paraclete,  her  heart  wanted  but 
one.  We  are  certain  that  Pope  means  himself : 
we  are  puzzled  about  Gray's  '  youth  whose  bounty 
was  large,'  but  who  had  nothing  to  give. 

' '  Now  a  few  words  on  our  hexameters.  If  such 
liberties  are  permitted  as  we  find  in  them,  a  score 
may  be  spouted  in  an  hour  by  a  schoolboy.  It  is 
only  in  what  is  improperly  called  blank  verse  that 
'  linked  sweetness  can  be  long  drawn  out.'  The 
head  master  has  no  scholars.  His  instrument  was 
the  organ ;  his  bo3rs  take  to  the  fiddle  in  preference. 
I  linger  in  solitude  on  the  outskirts  of  his  garden, 
and  I  sadden  when  the  last  notes  are  over.  We 
may  wish,  rather  than  expect,  that  the  rising 
generation  be  less  experimental  in  poetics,  ana 
listen  no  longer  to  those  who  would  lead  them  away 
from  their  Virgil  and  Horace,  into  some  briary 
thicket  in  the  wilds  of  Germany.  Let  them  be 
contented  with  the  wholesome  fruit  of  well-trained 
trees,  which  we  can  no  more  transplant  successfully 
than  the  vine  and  olive. 

"  Showr  me.  if  you  can,  two  consecutive  har- 
monious periods  in  twenty  thousand  English  hexa- 
meters, or  five  consecutive  verses  composed  entirely 
of  dactyls  and  spondees.  Innumerable  of  them 
begin  with  trochees  and  tribrachs ;  and  in  the 
intermediate  are  frequently  two  short  syllables 
unsupported.  I  wonder  what  Ovid  made  of  the 
Getic  in  which  and  in  Latin  meter  he  wrote  a 
book  of  poetry,  and  wTas  ashamed  of  having  done 
so.  I  am  ashamed  of  having  made  twenty  such  in 
our  language,  challenged  by  a  friend  who  stood 
beside  me  while  I  was  accomplishing  the  task." 

Some  readers  will  recall  Tennyson's  out- 
burst concerning  the  hexameters  winch 
"  daring  Germany  gave  us." 

There  is  a  curious  break  in  the  argument 
in  the  fourth  paragraph,  where  the  sentence 
beginning  "For  instance"  has  no  very 
close  connexion  with  the  preceding  one. 
The  "  head  master "  in  paragraph  6  is 
Milton.  The  following  passage  occurs  in  the 
imaginary  conversation  between  Milton  and 
Marvel  which  was  published  first  in  The 
Athenccum  of  May  18th,  1S61  : — 

"  Milton* Sir  Philip  Sidney  tried  his  hand  at 

turning  our  English  into  Latin  hexameters.  Boms 
of  tho  Germans  have  done  likewise.  English  and 
German  hexameters  sound  as  a  heavy  cart  sounds 
bounding  over  boulders." 

"  Sound  as  a  heavy  cart  sounds  bounding 
over  the  boulders,"  a  sort  of  hexameter,  is 
perhaps    what     Landor    wrote.     His     own 


No.  4189,  Feb.  8,  1908 


THE     ATHENAEUM 


161 


hexameters    in    English    will    be    found    in 
4  Last  Fruit,'  pp.  410,  415,  and  482. 

In  the  last   paragraph  of  the  Letter  the 
allusion  is  to  Ovid,  Epist.  iv.  13,  19. 

Stephen  Wheet.eb. 


THE     NEW    UNCANONICAL    GOSPEL. 

In  the  new  fragment  of  an  uncanonical 
Gospel  ('Oxyr.  Pap.,'  vol.  v.  No.  840)  the 
editors  seem  unduly  critical  of  the  passage 
(11.  32  foil.)  crv  eAowroj  tovtois  tois  xeo/x^rols 
iSao-iv  ev  oTs  Kwe?  /cat  voi/soi  /3ef3^.rjvTai 
vvktos  Kal  rj/xepas,  saying,  "  The  description 
is  incredible  when  applied  to  a  pool  in  which 
the  chief  priest  bathed,"  and  deducing  the 
conclusion,  from  this  and  other  points,  that 
the  author  "  was  aiming  chiefly  at  dramatic 
effect,  and  was  not  really  well  acquainted 
with  the  Temple."  The  conclusion  may 
be  true,  but  I  cannot  help  thinking  that  they 
misinterpret  this  passage.  Here  is  the  whole 
passage  in  their  translation  : — 

"  The  Saviour  answered  and  said  unto  him, 
'  Woe,  ye  Wind,  who  see  not.  Thou  hast  washed 
in  these  running  waters  wherein  dogs  and  swine 
have  been  cast  night  and  day,  and  hast  cleansed 
and  wiped  the  outside  skin,  which  also  the  harlots 
and  flute-girls  anoint  and  wash  and  wipe  and 
beautify  for  the  lust  of  men  ;  but  within  they  are 
full  of  scorpions  and  all  wickedness.  But  I  and 
my  disciples,  who  thou  sayest  have  not  bathed, 
have  been  dipped  in  the  waters  of  eternal  life 
which  come  from...'"  [The  papyrus  is  here 
defective.  ] 

Surely  "  these  running  waters,"  &c,  simply 
means  "  in  material  water,  which  is  con- 
stantly being  contaminated."  The  com- 
pression of  phrase  is  not  uncommon  :  in 
strict  logic  the  speaker  would  have  said  "  in 
this  water,  which  is  simply  material  water, 
and  material  water  is  constantly  being  con- 
taminated." I  do  not  think  we  are  justified 
in  supposing  that  the  writer  implies  that 
dogs  and  swine  were  cast  into  the  priest's 
bathing^ water  any  more  than  that  "  the 
outside  skin  "  of  the  priest  was  actually 
the  same  skin  as  that  which  the  harlots 
anointed,  &c. — which  is  impossible.  I  take 
toutois  rot?  veo/zevois  to  be  added  simply 
to  emphasize  the  notion  of  actual  as  opposed 
to  metaphorical  water.  N.  C.  S. 


PROBLEMS    IN    HORACE. 

As  your  review  of  my  book  on  the  Odes 
(September  7th,  p.  265)  may  have  led  vsome 
who  are  interested  in  Horatian  problems 
to  consult  it,  I  would  ask  you  to  publish 
the  following  note. 

In  sec.  85  of  the  Introduction  I  have 
argued  on  the  hypothesis  that  the  Licinius 
Murena  mentioned  by  Varro,  in  '  De  R.  R.,' 
iii.  3,  may  bo  (1)  Maecenas's  brother-in-law 
himself,  or* (2)  some  other  member  of 
the  family.  It  was  a  censurable  omission 
not  to  point  out  that  a  passage  in  Pliny 
is  inconsistent  with  the  former  supposition. 
He  says  that  Sergius  Orata  was  the  fust  to 
make  oyster  preserves,  and  that  Licinius 
Murena  then  led  the  way  in  establishing 
vivaria  for  other  kinds  of  fish,  and  he  cites 
the  Hortonsii,  Luculli,  &c,  as  following 
Murena's  example  ('H.  N.,'  ix.  79-80). 
He  doec  not  refer  to  any  lawsuits,  but  the 
one  brought  against  Sergius  is  mentioned 
by  Valerius  Max.  (bk.  ix.  1).  My  words, 
therefore,  "  But  most  probably  Varro  is 
alluding  to  the  man  with  whom  we  are 
concerned,"  contain  a  proposition  incom- 
patible with  Pliny's  statement,  which  pos- 
tulates a  Murena  of  an  earlier  generation. 
These  passages  may  still  be  used  to  support 
the  argument  of  Dr.  Verrall  for  which  I  was 


contending,  but  not  on  the  hypothesis 
that  Varro  was  alluding  to  the  actual  Licinius 
Muiena  who  is  addressed  in  the  three  books. 
In  that  respect,  therefore,  I  should  be  glad 
if  you  would  allow  me  the  opportunity 
of  correcting  myself. 

The  same  subject  is  mentioned  by  Colu- 
mella (viii.  16)  : — 

"lam  enim  celebres  erant  delicire  popinales  cum 
ad  mare  deferrentur  vivaria  quorum  studiosissimi, 
velut  ante  devictarum  gentium  Numantinus  et 
Isauricus,  ita  Sergius  Orata  et  Licinius  Murena 
captorum  piscium  lsetabantur  vocabulis." 

This  remark  is  elucidated  by  Pliny,  who 
says  that  these  vivaria  were  built  not  only 
for  luxury,  but  also  as  commercial  specula- 
tions. When  we  consider  the  old  Roman 
view  of  the  indignity  of  trade,  we  see  that 
they  illustrate  what  I  may  compendiously 
call  Horace's  "  mercator "  motive.  Colu- 
mella's point  in  his  allusion  to  conquered 
nations,  and  in  this  comparison  with  Nu- 
mantinus (P.  ^Em.  Scipio,  Veil.  Pat.,  ii.  4) 
and  Isauricus  (P.  Servilius,  Ov.,  '  Fast.' 
i.  593),  lies  in  the  agnomina  of  these  men, 
Orata  (a  golden-hued  fieh,  Fest.,  s.v.)  and 
Murena  (a  lamprey),  indicating  that  they 
did  not  take  their  titles  or  their  wea'th 
from  the  spoils  and  successes  of  war,  but 
from  their  adroitness  in  turning  their  skill 
as  fishermen  to  account.  The  Murena  of 
Horace's  day  seems  to  have  followed  in  the 
course  of  his  predecessor. 

E.  R.  Garnsey. 


LIST  OF  NEW  BOOKS. 


ENGLISH. 

Theology. 

Baudrillart  (A.),  The  Catholic  Church,  the  Renaissance, 
and  Protestantism,  7/6.  Lectures  at  the  Catholic 
Institute  of  Paris,  January  to  March,  1904. 

Campbell  (Rev.  J.  L.),  The  Patmos  Letters  applied  to 
Modern  Christendom,  4/6  net. 

Carlisle  (Bishop  of),  Home  Life,  1/6  net.  In  the  Christian 
Life  Series. 

Gaebelein  (A.  C),  The  Harmony  of 'the  Prophetic  Word, 
3/6  net. 

Gunsaulus  (F.  W.),  The  Transfiguration  of  Christ,  3/6  net. 

Hunt  (W.  R.),  Heathenism  under  the  Searchlight,  3/6  net. 
With  Foreword  by  the  Rev.  W.  Durban. 

Mauro  (P.),  Man's  Day,  3/6 

Peabody  (F.  G.),  Mornings  'in  "the  College  [Chapel,  Second 
Series,  5/  net.  Short  addresses  to  young  men  on 
personal  religion. 

Programme  of  Modernism,  5/  net.  A  reply  to  the  Ency- 
clical of  Pius  X.,  with  an  Introduction  by  A.  Leslie 
Lilley. 

Ruflni  Commnentarius  in  Symbolum  Apostolomm,  2/  net. 
Latin  text  and  a  short  history  of  Rufinus  and  his  times. 
Third  Edition,  edited  by  the  Rev.  C.  Whitaker.— Com- 
mentary, 1/6  net.  Third  Edition,  translated  by  the 
Rev.  C.  Whitaker. 

Sampson  (Rev.  Gerard),  The  Prayer  Manual  for  Daily  Use, 
2/  net.  Contains  private  devotions,  together  with  the 
offices  of  Prime  and  Compline. 

Trench  (Archbishop),  Notes  on  the  Miracles  of  Our  Lord, 
2/6  net.  With  an  Introduetionlby  A.  Smythe  Palmer. 
In  the  London  Library. 

Fine  Art  and  Archceology. 

Ball  (T.  Stanley),  Church  Plate  of  the"  City  of  Chester, 
10/6  net.     Illustrated. 

Bell's  Miniature  Series  of  Painters  :  Botticelli,  by  R.  H. 
HobartCust ;  The  Brothers  Van  Eyck,  by  P.  G.  Konody, 
1/  net  each. 

Carter  (A.  C.  R.),  The  Year's  Art,  190S,  3/6  net. 

Green  (E.  Tyrrell),  Towers  and  Spires,  their  Design  and 
Arrangement,  10/6  net.  With  129  illustrations  from 
pen-and-ink  irawings  by  the  author,  and  two  maps. 

Lethaby  (W.  R.),  Greek  Buildings  represented  by  Frag- 
ments in  the  British  Museum,  No.  I.,  2/  net.  Treats  of 
Diana's  Temple  at  Ephesus. 

Masterpieces  in  Colour  :  I.eighton,  by  A.  Lys  Baldry. — 
Raphael,  by  Paul  G.  Konody. 

Pais  (E.),  Ancient  Italy,  21/  net.  Historical  and  geo- 
graphical  investigations  in  Central  Italy,  Magna  Grsecla, 
Sicily,  and  Sardinia,  translated  by  C.  Densmore  Curtis. 

Rankine  (W.  F.),  Nature  Study  and  Brush  Drawing  cor- 
related on  Heuristic  Lines,  3/6. 

Raskin  (J.),  Works,  Vol.  xxxiii.     Library-  Kdition. 
Poetry  and  Drama. 

Ballads  of  the  Blue,  by  Pelican,  1/  net.  A  Collection  of 
naval  verses  from  Thr  Fleet. 

Campbell  (T.),  Complete  Poetical  Works,  with  Notes  by 
.1.  Logie  Robertson,  India-Paper  Kdition,  5/ cloth,  2/ 

Gibson (E.),  The  Day's  Journey,  6/  net. 

Magee(L  J.),  Songs  after  Work,  7/6  net. 

Titterton  (W.  R),  Love  Poems,  1/  net. 
Mil  sir. 

Liebich  (Mrs.  P.),  Claude  Achllle  Debussy,  2/6  net.  In 
Living  Masters  of  Music.  . 


Bibliography. 
Cardiff  Public  Libraries,  Forty-Fifth  Annual  Report. 
Davenport  (C),  The  Book,  its  History  and  Development, 

6/  net.    Illustrated. 

Political  Economy. 
Chapman  (S.  J.),  Work  and  Wages  :  Part  II.  Wages  and 

Employment,  10/6  net.  A  continuation  of  Lord  Brassey's 

'  Work  and  Wages,'  for  which  see  Athen.,  Aug.  24,  1872, 

p.  233. 
Fox  (A.  W.),  The  Rating  of  Land  Values,  3/6  net.     Notes 

upon  the  proposals  to  levy  rates  in  respect  of    site 

values.     Second  Edition,  with  Addenda. 
Malloek  (W.  H.),  a  Critical  Examination  of  Socialism,  6/ 

History  and  Biography. 

Baring-Gould  (S.),  The  Life  of  Napoleon  Bonaparte,  10/6 
net.  New  Edition.  For  former  notice  see  Athen., 
Dec.  19,  1896,  p.  871. 

Bengal  Past  and  Present,  January.  Journal  of  the  Cal- 
cutta Historical  Society. 

Clark  (F.  E.),  The  Continent  of  Opportunity  :  the  South 
American  Republics,  their  History,  &c,  6/  net. 

Durland  (K.),  The  Red  Reign,  7/6  net.  The  Story  of  an 
adventurous  year  in  Russia,  illustrated  with  photo- 
graphs by  the  author  and  others. 

Kershaw  (S.  W.),  Surrey  Sketches  in  Olden  Time,  3/6  net. 

Makower  (S.  V.),  Perdita,  16/  net.  A  romance  in  biography, 
dealing  with  the  life  of  Mary  Robinson.  With  17  illus- 
trations. 

Mathews  (T),  The  O'Neills  of  Ulster :  their  History  and 
Genealogy,  3  vols.,  35/.  With  illustrations,  some 
notices  of  the  northern  septs,  and  an  Introduction  by 
Francis  Joseph  Bigger. 

Memoirs  of  a  Huguenot  Family,  7/6  net.  Compiled  from 
the  Autobiography  of  J.  Fontaine,  &c. ,  by  Anne  Maury. 
Reprinted  from  the  original  edition  of  1852. 

Memorials  of  Old  Warwickshire,  15/  net.  Edited  by  Alice 
Dryden,  with  many  illustrations,  in  Memorials  of  the 
Counties  of  England. 

Renwick  (R.),  Glasgow  Memorials,  21/  net.    Illustrated. 

Robbins(H.  H.),  Our  First  Ambassador  to  China,  16/  net. 
An  illustrated  account  of  the  life  of  the  Earl  of 
Macartney,  with  extracts  from  his  letters,  and  the 
narrative  of  his  experiences  in  China,  as  told  by  himself. 

Seignobos  (C),  History  of  Mediaeval  Civilization  and  of 
Modern  to  the  End  of  the  17th  Century,  5/  net. 

Walker(Col.  T.  N),  Through  the  Mutiny,  7/6.  Reminiscences 
of  thirty  years' active  service  and  sport  in  India,  1854-83. 
Illustrated. 

Winckler  (H.),  The  History  of  Babylonia  and  Assyria,  6/. 
New  Edition,  translated  by  James  A.  Craig. 

Wylie  (J.),  The  House  of  Lords,  2/6  net.  No.  I.  of  Historical 
Sketches. 

Geography  and  Travel. 

Fordham  (H.  G.),  Hertfordshire  Maps.  A  descriptive 
catalogue  of,the  maps  of  the  county,  1579-1900. 

Education. 
Harvard  University  Catalogue,  1907-8  ;  Liverpool  University 
Calendar,  1908. 

Philology. 
James  (E.  W.)  and  Endrei  (Z.),   New  Dictionary  of   the 
English    and     Hungarian     Languages  :    English    and 
Hungarian  Part,  5/  net. 

School-Books. 
jEschylus  :  The    Eumenides  ;  The    Prometheus  bound,   1/ 

each.    Translated  by  W.  Headlam. 
Berg  (P.  J.  van  den),   Per  Istrade  Aperte,  Part  I.,   3/  net. 

New  method  of  learning  the  Italian  Language, 
Brooksbank  (F.  H.),  Essay  and  Letter  Writing,  2/6.     With 

models  and  outlines. 
Lincoln  (A.  T.),  and  Walton  (J.  H.),  Exercises  in  Elenientary 

Quantitative  Chemical  Analysis,  6/6  net. 

Science. 

Bower  (F.  O.),  The  Origin  of  a  Land  Flora,  18/  net.  A 
theory  based  upon  the  facts  of  alternation,  with 
numerous  illustrations. 

Bruce  (E.  M.),  Detection  of  the  Common  Food  Adulterants, 
5/  net. 

Cain  (J.  C),  The  Chemistry  of  the  Diazo-Compounds, 
10/6  net. 

Cunningham  (B.),  A  Treatise  on  the  Principles  and  Practice 
of  Harbour  Engineering,  16/  net. 

Fletcher  (H.),  Optimism,  a  Real  Remedy.  Treats  of  diges- 
tion, and  has  a  Foreword  by  William  D.  Orcutt. 

Gerard  (J),  The  Old  Riddle  and  the  Newest  Answer,  6d. 
Fifth  Edition. 

Gunther(C.  O.),  Integration  by  Trigonometric  and  Imagi- 
narv  Substitution,  5/  net.  With  an  Introduction  by 
J.  Burkitt  Webb. 

Hildebrandt (A.),  Airships  Past  and  Present,  10/6 net.  With 
chapters  on  the  use  of  balloons  in  connexion  with 
meteorology,  photography,  and  the  carrier  pigeon. 
Translated  by  w.  H.  story. 

Macdonald  (J.),  Stephens'  Book  of  the  Farm  :  Vol.  I.  Land 
and  its  Equipment,  10/6  net.  Fifth  Edition,  largely  re- 
written. 

Melick  (C.  W.),  Dairy  Laboratory  Guide,  5/  net.  With  52 
illustrations. 

Ruhmer(E.),  Wireless  Telephony  in  Theory  and  Practice, 
10/6  net.  Translated  from  the  German  by  J.  Krskine- 
Murray,  with  an  Appendix  by  the  Translator,  Illus- 
trate.I. 

Tilley  (II.),  Diseases  of  the  Nose  and  Throat,  14/  net. 

Walker  (S.  F.),  Steam  Boilers,  Engines,  and  Turbines, 
9/  net. 

Work  of  John  Samuel  Budgett,  Balfour  Student  of  the 
University  of  Cambridge,  25/ net,  A  collection  of  his 
zoological  Papers,  with  biographical  sketch  by  A.  E. 
shipiey,  edited  by  J.  Graham  Ken-. 

Wyllie(J.),  Tumours  of  the  Cerebellum,  1/  net. 

Fiction. 

Aitken  (R.),  The  Golden    Horseshoe.    8/.     The   story   of   a 

lucky  strike. 
Appleton  ((3.  W.),  The  Willoughby  Affair,  6/ 
Bazin  (It.),  The  Nun,  <:/ 
Bent  lev  (A.).   Twin  Brothers,  6/ 
BloundclloBurton  (.1.),  The  Last  of  her  Race,  6/.  A  romance 

of  the  Spanish  mocesslon. 


l'  : 


r  ii  i:    AT  n  EN  .1:  r  m 


No.  U89,  I'    .  t,  i 


1 


■ 


ill.  1    Ml 


\     II. 


ixiaui.«/ 

N 

■•■■-.'  I   ■     ' 

\ 

n«l,  ■        W  ith  .1   f  1  >>n(  i-jii- 
OrUwolil  1 

ril,  fl 

•  Edition. 

"-     Q*  M  I'M' 

\  The  1'ul-  A   ~l«ir>   «.f  I 

pojtuini:  world. 

■   O.l.i  Trick,  6/ 

Mill,'  v 

• 
I.  V  Colonel  Kal  ■ 

\  I    >.  Which 

\  -ton'  of  t);.  ntrv. 

•.■ii  (Clival    I  lie  ll.ini-l  oi 

■ 

i*ratt  iv.t.  Kir»t  Person  Paramount,  c.  Illuatrated  !•> 
.1    Slaofiirlane. 

plain  Spink,  and  othei  Bea  Comedies, 
Rhort  sketches. 
Sill.-  \  Curtain  of  Clond,  6/ 

■      !     «    '.  The  Price  of  B  B 

Tnur»t..n(K.  Temple).  Sally  Bishop,  8  .     With  ;i  frontispiece 

by  w    1:   n.i.in. 
Tuner fK.) and  Rodder fRA  I'M.-  Armada  Gold,"/ 
TS-tler  (Sarah),  l  he  1 » ■>  Lady  fnarmlli 
le  (Miry),  The  Lore  Seekers,  6/ 

General  Literature. 

1  (M.  Solia),  Woman  In  Girlhood,  Wifehood,  Mother- 
Illustrated, 

t'onff*«io  Medici,  by  the  Writer  "f  '  Tin-  Foong  People,' 

3/6  net. 
O.  H.  S.  Calendar,  1    net.     A  quotation  for  every  day  in  the 
ed  by  Marion  Nixon. 
1  (11.  P.  B),  Barope  in  Maoedonia,   1  .    Five  articles 

reprinted  from  The  Murniu  a  Pott, 

0  l>  nnell(F.  Hugh),  Paraguay  on  shannon:  the  price  of  a 

Political  Priesthood,  6f.    Refers  to  present-day  Ireland. 
Orient  Reriew,  No  l.  January,  l/net. 

r(K   .  British  Citizenship:  it*  Bights  and  its  Duties, 
With    .1    Preface    Iiy    the     late    Sir    John    L&WSOn 

Walton.      New   Kdition. 
Befjreeentatkm,  No.  1,  February,  lrf.    The  Journal  of  the 

Proportional  Representation  Society. 
Routleoce's  New  Universal  Library  :  Coleridge's   Lectures 
-    ikespeare;  Bazlitt's  Lectures  on  English  Poets; 

Kn-kin's   Bthlc*  of  the   Dust;  Seeley '■    I       e    Homo,  1/ 

net  each. 
Sherman  (K.  15. V  Words  to  the  Wise— and  Others,  6/  net.  A 

volume  of  social  and  literary  essays. 
Sutherland  (A.  ('.),    Dramatic    Elocution    and    Action,   B/B 
ndizes  on  '  The  Influence  of  Mysticism 

on  Dramatic  Expression,'  and  other  Matters. 
Warren  (W.  PA  Thoughts  on  Business,  1/  net. 
World's   Classics:  .lane  Austen's  Emma;    Robert  Drown- 
ing'-   Poetical  Works.  Vol.  II.;   Burke's  Works,  Vols.  v. 

and  \  I       '  tten;   Marlowe's  Dr.   FanstM  and 

Ooethe*i  Panst ;  Reynolds's  Discourses  :  RnaHn'a  Unto 
this  Last  and  Munera  Purrerls,  l/net  each. 
Yexlev  (L.),    Fleet    Annual   and    Naval    Year-Book,    1908, 
:,eU 

Pa/mjMet*. 

•  of  Plays  in  the  Office  of  the  Lord  Chamberlain, 
■i/l.    'Die  case  f.r  abolition 

1  ns  (.1.).  Jack  sterry,  the  Jessie  Scout.  An  unrecorded 
episode  of  the  -  le  of  Man 

Kder  (Dr.  M.  D).  Disease  in  the  Schoolroom,  Id.  A  sur- 
vey of  the  Second  International  Congress  on  school 
Hygiene,  held  in  London  la-t  August. 

B  lm  honesty  of  Broad  Churchism  and  'The 

Humanitarian'  Review  of  the  Bev.  R.  J.  Campbell's 
•The  New  Theology,'  Id. 

Iyondon  Connty  Council ;  indication  of  Houses  of  Hist 
Int.  xvii  and  win  ,  id.  each. 

Philip  (A.).  A  Proposal  for  a  Simplified  Calendar,  6d.  net. 

I'lunkett   (II),   Noblesse   oi.lijre,  <W.    net.      An   appeal    to 

•  ntrv  of  Ireland. 

Snow  den   (PA    Hack    to  the    Land,    Id.      Tells  how    to    pet 

small  holdings  and  allotmi 


FOR  K  I  Q  N. 

Thfnli,ij,i. 

Herrmann  (J.),  Ezerhielstudien,  4m. 

K..),    )         1  rangiles    ■ynoptigues :     [ntrodn 
Traduction,  el  Commentairea,  I  role.,  ;tofr. 

(W  1     Da     sssyrische    Weltreico    im    Frteil    d.-r 
Propheten,  -m. 

Fine  Art  and  AnKmciogy. 
Porzsllan,  Itn 
Dokumente  des  modernen  Kunxtgewerhe*  :  Series  B,  Meta.ll- 

11ml  Ooldsc  t1111ie.learh.iten.      Part   IV,  Km. 
Frank  ichworungKrelli  ' 

Knacknus  (II),  Das  1 

Fliilnn.j.hy. 
David  Friedri.  1.  gtlHwl :  Part  I.  1808-39,  Om.^ 
BSbHogrmpkg, 
1  omplato  dells  Edition!  HoepU,  1stmoo7. 

Docui  1  .  •  Parti    Dai  dentai  he 

eintlich  und  weltllcfa  his  711m  1st,.,,  Jahrhundert 
il«K  ill.  von.  Man  in  Breslauer,  -in. 


lh,  */r<i;.*v. 

I.  ■    .  : 

V  I . ,  X  V 1 1 1 

1 1 
I  i 
.  o(  tins  »,.,v.  ma,)  u-  Jud 
1   two  in  lasive  roluim 

1   an  (P  ),  M.  in. .in  •  1I11  H 11 .  n  I   im    7fi 

I   nUli  c  (   V    ),    \  le  de  .Inline  I 

(■all 

(■elilil  (It    le).  A  Lis  I     I 

1 1  yu.  1         \  \  1 1 

Langtoia  (i     \      1. .   '■ 

ipieli, 

I'hilvlogy. 
1    ..-iidis    epiqnas,    Becherchea    mh   1r 
Formation  das  Chansons  de  <;.--te:    1.   La  Cycle   da 
Qulluvume  d  t  >i 
lloni  (WA  BUstorische  neuengUaehe  orammatik  .  P.irt  I. 

Lautienre,  tan.  60. 
\  on. Irak     (W.),     Veiglaichenda     slarlachi     I 
Vol.  II.  FoHnenlehre  u.  Syntax,  Mm. 
Fi  (oil. 

On,  1.  u-.  .in  Toe,  Mr.  60. 

Strtndbera  (<•  ).    Die    gotischea    Qmmsra,  translited    by 
K.  Bcnering,  Third  Kdition. 

*.*   All   Books     received    at    the    Office    up    to     Wednesday 
Momiftg  mil  be  included  in  thix  List  unU*t  yr,  \ 
niitnl.       Fnbliskert  are   reyuetdd  to   state    prices    ulun 
sending  Books. 


Il'itrran)  (Snssip. 

On  March  10th  Messrs.  Smith  &  Elder 
will  publish  the  first  volume  of  the  reissue 
of  the  '  Dictionary  of  National  Bio- 
graphy,' which  is  being  eagerly  expected. 
The  twenty-one  volumes  will  occupy 
about  one-third  of  the  space  required 
by  the  original  work,  and  cost  one-third 
of  its  price.  Type,  size  of  paper,  and 
text  remain  unaltered,  except  for  the 
correction  of  errors  and  some  revision 
of  bibliographies.  The  volumes  will 
appear  monthly. 

The  second  volume  of  "  The  Christian 
Library,"  '  The  Torments  of  Protestant 
Slaves  in  the  French  King's  Galleys, 
and  in  the  Dungeons  of  Marseilles,  168&- 
1707  a.d.,'  edited  by  Prof.  E.  Arber, 
will  shortly  be  issued  by  Mr.  Elliot  Stock. 
It  will  contain  three  narratives  of  Hugue- 
not galley  slaves,  and  much  information 
respecting  the  Dragonnades  and  the  Re- 
vocation of  the  Edict  of  Nantes.  The 
same  firm  announces  a  brochure  by  the 
Rev.  Astley  Cooper  on  James  Anthony 
Froude. 

'Mr.  Crewe's  Career'  is  the  title 
of  the  new  novel  by  Mr.  Winston  Churchill, 
author  of  '  Richard  Carvell,'  which  Messrs. 
Macmillan  hope  to  publish  in  the  spring. 
The  same  publishers  announce  a  sequel 
to  '  Soprano,'  Mr.  Marion  Crawford's 
story,  which  will  be  called  '  The  Prima 
Donna,'  and  will  deal  with  the  later  life 
of  Margaret,  the  English  girl  who  be- 
comes one  of  the  most  famous  singers 
of  the  day. 

Mr.  Werner  Laurie's  spring  publica- 
tions include  a  translation  of  .M.  Lepelle- 
tier's  excellent  'Life  of  Verlaine,'  which 
we  noticed  at  length  last  summer  ; 
'  Fights  Forgotten,'  the  history  of  BOme 
of  the  chief  Knglish  and  American  prize- 
fights, by  Mr.  John  Sayers  ;  and  'Before 
Adam,'  by  Jack  London,  a  story  which  is 
supposed  to  be  narrated  by  a  man  of 
to-day  who  in  his  dreams  has  lived  again 
the  monkey  life  of  one  of  his  progenitors. 

By  an  oversighl   whioh  we  regret,  we 

have  credited   Messrs.  Sisley  0D    ]>.    131   of 

our  last  issue  with  'Feathered  Game  of 
New  Kn'_rland.'  ' The  Japanese  Nation  in 
Evolution,'  and  the  series  of  '  Pioneers  in 


Education,"   whioh  are  all  published  l<v 

An    important    aoheme   whioh   Ifesai 
Barrap  have  in  hand  ii     I       Elisabet] 

Shal  printed      from      the      I 

Polio,  and  edited  with  Introduction  and 
notes  by  Mr.  William  EL  Hudson      I 

lh>-t  three  volumes  will  bi     -   ued  shortly. 
Mi:     BW  01   J.    H0M1:.    author   <»f   '  Old 

Souses  in  Edinburgh,1  has  1"  en  appoint 

Curator  of  the  Municipal  Museum  in  that 

city.     One  department   of  thi  un 

consists    of    the    Bums    relics    renin 

thither  from  the  Hum-  Ifonument,  OaltOO 

Hill. 

Thk  death  <>f  lira.  Etylands  on  Tuesday 

last  at  Torquay    removes    a    g 
factor  to  Manchester.    She  oommen 
her  husband's  association  with  the  i 

as  a  merchant  by  t  on  of  the  John 

Etylands    library    in    Deanagate,    Man- 
chester,   a    splendid    building    with    an 

equally    splendid    equipment    of    book-, 
including    the    famous    Althorp    Libra 
purchased     from     Lord    Spencer.       V 
Rylands    spared    no    expense    in    add 
to  the  Library,   and  gave  generously 
many  other  causes  and  institutions.     0 
received     the    degree     of     Litt.D.     from 
Victoria  University  in  recognition  of  I 
services  to  letters. 

Owing  to  the  growing  work  of  I 
National  Home-Reading  Union  the  head- 
quarters have  been  removed  from  Surrey 
House,  Victoria  Embankment,  to  larger 
offices  at  12,  York  Buildings,  Adelphi. 
W.C. 

We  regret  to  notice  the  death  of  Mr. 
Albert  William  Quill  in  Dublin  on  Saturday 
last.  He  wrote  several  legal  books,  and 
did  some  striking  work  in  editing  and 
translating  Tacitus. 

The  Dublin  Public  Libraries  ha 
been  reopened,  a  fund  for  their  temporary 
maintenance  having  been  generously  pro- 
vided by  a  member  of  the  Dublin  ( 
poration.  The  Municipal  Gallery  of 
Modern  Art,  which  is  under  the  control  of 
the  Libraries  Committee,  is  also  being 
temporarily  supported  by  private  sub- 
scriptions. 

\\'i:  regret  to  notice  the  death  of  M.  Arae- 
dee  Hauvette.  Professor  of  Greek  Poetry  in 
the  University  of  Paris,  a  member  of  tin- 
French  Society  of  Antiquaries,  and  Presi- 
dent of  the  Association  for  the  Encoura 
ment  of  Creek  Studies.  M.  Hauvette  was 
born  in  Paris  lifty-two  years  ago.  and 
after  studying  :it  the  College  Stanislas, 
the  Sorbonne,  and  the  Glcole  Normale 
Buperieure,  succeeded  Decharme  in  the 
chair  of  Greek  Poetry  at  the  Faculte* 
dee  Lettn  a.    One  of  his  books. '  Herodote, 

Historien     des     Guerres     mediques." 
crowned  by  the  French  Academy. 

THI  death  is  reported  from  St.  P< 
burg   of   Prof.   Victor  Baron   Rosen,   the 
distinguished     Orientalist.     He     was     an 
authority  on  Arabic  language  and  history. 

Pi  oi nt  Government   Papers  of  some 
interest  are  children  under  the  Poor  1. 
Eleport    by   Dr.   Macnamara.    M.P.    (6sT. 
and  a  Cuide  to  the  Public  Records  (7.*.). 

Next  week  wc  shall  pay  special  atten- 
tion to  Theological  Literature. 


No.  4189,  Feb.  8,  1908 


THE    ATHEN^UM 


163 


SCIENCE 


MODERN    PHYSICAL    THEORY. 

Properties  of  Matter.  By  P.  G.  Tait. 
Fifth  Edition.  Edited  by  W.  Peddie. 
(A.  &  C.  Black.) — It  is  of  course  to  be  wished 
that  Prof.  Tait  had  lived  to  carry  out  the 
intention  expressed  by  him,  in  the  Preface 
to  the  fourth  edition,  of  thoroughly  revising 
this  important  textbook.  Next  to  this, 
its  remodelling  by  Prof.  Peddie  is"  perhaps 
the  best  thing  that  could  have  happened 
to* it,  and  his  additions  have  on  the  whole 
the  effect  of  incorporating  most  of  the 
facts  bearing  on  the  subject  that  have  been 
acquired  since  the  fourth  edition.  Par- 
ticularly is  this  the  case  with  the  chapters 
dealing  with  compressibility  and  cohesion, 
in  which  Prof.  Peddie' s  alterations  amount 
nearly  to  a  restatement  of  the  author's  case. 
It  is  to  be  desired  that  the  same  thing  could 
have  been  done  with  the  part  dealing  with 
osmosis  (or,  as  it  is  here  written,  "  osmose"), 
as  to  which  there  is  a  good  deal  still 
left  to  be  said.  Prof.  Peddie  has  also 
added  a  chapter  on  the  disintegration  of 
the  atom,  in  which  he  echoes  Prof.  J.  J. 
Thomson's  hypothesis  as  to  the  supposed 
revolution  of  the  corpuscles  or  negative 
electrons  within  the  atom,  and  also  Lord 
Kelvin's  suggestion  that  the  energy  mani- 
fested on  the  disintegration  in  question  may 
be  absorbed  from  the  ether.  Oddly  enough, 
he  does  not  seem  to  be  aware  that  this 
suggestion  was  withdrawn  by  its  author 
at  the  Cambridge  meeting  of  the  British 
Association. 

In  view  of  the  great  alteration  in  physical 
theories  made  necessary  by  the  discoveries 
leading  to  the  disintegration  or  dissociation 
hypothesis,  it  will  probably  be  necessary 
at  some  date  not  far  distant  to  recast 
entirely  all  textbooks  dealing  with  matter 
and  its  properties.  In  the  meantime  it 
may  be  pointed  out  that  it  is  almost 
impossible  for  beginners  in  such  matters — 
as  the  majority  of  those  who  study  them  are 
necessarily — to  understand  more  advanced 
works  without  the  help  afforded  by  such 
a  book  as  the  present.  Here  the  student 
will  find  explained  for  him  the  con- 
ceptions which  he  behind  such  words  as 
"  mass,"  "  shear,"  and  "  elasticity,"  as 
well  as  the  more  subtle  shades  of  meaning 
imported  by  physicists  into  those  like 
"acceleration"  and  "couple."  He  will 
also  have  explained  to  him  in  simple  lan- 
guage generalizations  like  the  vortex-theory 
of  Lord  Kelvin,  the  electromagnetic  theory 
of  light,  and  the  kinetic  theory  of  gases. 
This  fact  is  by  itself  an  ample  justification 
for  the  reissue  of  Tait's  '  Properties.' 

Modern  Views  of  Electricity.  By  Sir 
Oliver  Lodge.  Third  Edition.  (Macmillan.) 
— This  book,  the  second  edition  of  which 
was  published  fifteen  years  ago,  has  also 
felt  the  chango  brought  about  in  physical 
ideas  during  the  last  decade.  In  the  Preface 
the  author  draws  attention  to  the  fact  that 
few  important  corrections  have  had  to  be 
made  in  the  statements  of  the  earlier  work, 
and  that  the  doctrines  expounded  are  still  the 
electrical  nature  of  light,  a  thoory  of  matter, 
and  what  he  calls  the  "  ethereous  "  nature 
of  electricity.  Yet  he  would,  we  think, 
admit  that  his  views  on  the  ether  and  on 
its  relations  witli  matter  are  not  what  they 
were  when  his  book  was  first  published,  and 
when,  as  he  says,  all  scientific  men  looked 
forward  to  some  magnificent  generalization 
which  should  explain  most  things. 

Sir  Oliver  Lodge's  general  thesis  has  boon 
too  lately  put  forward  in  his  book  on 
'Electrons'  (see  The  Athcnazum,  No.  4140) 
to   need   much    recapitulation.     To    oxplain 


"  the  whole  of  the  material  universe  "  he 
requires  merely  the  postulate  of 

"a  continuous  incompressible  perfect  fluid  through- 
out space,  possessing  only  the  two  fundamental 
attributes  (a)  inertia,  and  {b)  intrinsic  rotational 
kinetic  energy — the  latter  involving  two  related 
but  opposite  kinds  of  motion." 

This  fluid  he  of  course  finds  in  the  ether, 
which  is  to  him  no  metaphysical  conception, 
but  has  an  actual  existence.  When  sub- 
jected to  sufficient  strain,  it  splits  into  its 
two  components,  positive  and  negative 
electricity,  which  do  not  reunite  in  the  sense 
of  again  becoming  ether.  On  the  contrary, 
while  negative  electricity  moves  freely  about 
in  the  shape  of  electrons,  positive  electricity 
forms  "  a  set  of  sub-permanent  stable 
aggregates  which  we  recognize  as  the  atoms 
of  the  so-called  elements  of  matter."  The 
perfect  elasticity  and  the  very  high  density 
and  rigidity  of  this  ether  are  much  dwelt 
upon,  and  the  author  even  goes  so  far  as  to 
calculate  these  last  two  magnitudes.  All 
this  is  explained  with  Sir  Oliver  Lodge's  usual 
directness  and  point  ;  and  though  the  clear- 
ness of  the  book  suffers  somewhat  from  the 
division  (maintained  from  the  earlier  editions) 
into  'Electrostatics,'  'Conduction,'  'Magnet- 
ism,' and  '  Radiation,'  it  is  not  difficult  to 
make  out  his  meaning.  What  gives  the 
ether  the  energy  he  attributes  to  it,  he  does 
not  tell  us,  although  on  one  page  he  drops 
a  hint  of  "a  sufficiently  violent  electro- 
motive force,  applied  to  the.  ether  by  some 
method  unknown  to  us  at  present." 

Something  appears  to  have  gone  wrong  in 
the  preparation  of  this  book  for  the  press. 
Thus  §90  is  frequently  referred  to,  but  does 
not  exist,  §91  following  §89.  The  same 
remark  applies  to  §65a  and  §182.  Misprints 
like  "  ethereons  "  for  ethereous,  and  "  De- 
cemer"  for  December,  are  much  too  common, 
and  one  head-line,  '  Ethics  and  Ether,' 
seems  to  have  got  in  by  accident.  This 
edition  is  sure  to  be  popular,  and  these 
mistakes  should  be  remedied  or  explained 
later. 

Modern  Electrical  Thewy.  By  Norman 
Robert  Campbell.  (Cambridge,  University 
Press.) — Mr.  Campbell  tells  us  at  the  outset 
that  this  book  was  originally  written  as  a 
textbook  for  students,  but  that  some  dis- 
cussions of  matter  rather  too  advanced 
for  their  comprehension  have  somehow 
crept  in.  We  hasten  to  say  that  as  a  fulfil- 
ment of  its  original  purpose  it  leaves  little 
to  be  desired,  if  by  "  students  "  we  under- 
stand students  of  physics  as  it  is  taught 
at  Cambridge.  Mr.  Campbell  is  of  opinion 
that  the  older  conception  of  electricity 
founded  on  action  at  a  distance,  although 
especially  suited  for  mathematical  treat- 
ment, "  has  been  shown  to  be  totally  useless 
as  a  description  of  electromagnetic  phe- 
nomena "  ;  and  he  elsewhere  speaks  of  his 
intention  of  rescuing  his  subject  from  "  the 
fog  of  mathematical  analysis  which  German 
physicists  have  wrapped  round  it,"  and  of 
the  distance  "  we  have  travelled  from  the 
mathematical  conception  of  physics."  His 
aim,  indeed,  throughout  seems  to  be  to  show 
how  the  conception  of  tubes  of  force  first 
set  up  by  Faraday  can  account  for  all  the 
phenomena  of  electricity  and  magnetism, 
and  to  do  this  with  the  aid  of  only  the 
simplest  algebraical  formulas.  In  this 
he  succeeds  admirably,  and  the  book  can 
be  read  and  enjoyed  as  a  clear  statement 
of  tho  author's  case  by  one  who  is  not  a 
mathematician. 

The  general  idea  underlying  this  ex- 
position is  the  extreme  or  latest  develop- 
ment of  the  electronic  theory,  which  holds 
that  all  matter  is  on  tho  last  analysis  com- 
posed of  corpuscles,  or  electrons  hearing  a 
negative  charge  ;  that  all  mass  is  olectrical 
in   its   origin  ;     and    that    tho   mass   of    tho 


atom  is  but  the  sum  of  the  masses  of  these 
negative  electrons.  As  for  intra-atomic 
energy,  the  author,  while  admitting  it  to  be 
enormous,  imagines  that  it  is  nothing  but  the 
energy  of  the  intra-atomic  electrons  ;  that 
what  we  call  positive  electricity  is  evenly  dis- 
tributed through  the  sphere  of  the  atom  ; 
and  that  all  atoms  are  alike  in  structure, 
such  differences  as  may  exist  between  them 
arising  from  the  number  and  arrangement 
of  the  electrons  within  them.  The  general 
radio-activity  of  matter,  which  his  own 
researches  have  done  much  to  illustrate, 
he  still  considers  an  open  question  ;  but 
he  is  much  drawn  to  the  theory,  first 
set  on  foot  by  Dr.  Bucherer,  that  the 
ether  does  not  exist  ;  and  he  finally  in- 
clines to  the  view  of  the  last  named  scholar 
that  the  conception  of  the  ether — which  he 
spells  "  aether  " — is  unnecessary.  It  may 
also  be  mentioned  that  he  considers  that  all 
forms  of  energy  may  be  reduced  to  a  single 
form,  which  he  thinks,  with  some  reserve, 
to  be  the  electromagnetic,  and  not  the 
kinetic. 

It  is  obvious  that  a  thorough  discussion 
of  all  these  matters  would  take  us  too  far, 
but  it  should  be  noted  that  the  spirit  in 
which  Mr.  Campbell  introduces  them  to 
our  notice  is  admirable.  He  is  never  dog- 
matic, and  repeatedly  affords  us  both 
pleasure  and  surprise  by  the  candid  way 
in  which  he  admits  the  solid  foundation 
for  his  opponents'  views.  Particularly  is 
this  the  case  with  those  who  assert  the 
existence  of  positive  electrons,  a  hypothesis 
which,  in  his  own  words,  "  cannot  be 
summarily  dismissed  as  it  might  have  been 
a  few  months  ago";  and  he  later  admits 
that  it  is  "  still  open  to  question  whether 
positively  charged  particles  may  not  play 
some  active  part  in  the  mechanism  of  the 
electric  discharge."  He  even  goes  further, 
and  mentions  experiments  which 

"afford  distinct  support  for  the  hypothesis  that 
there  may  be  positive  electrons  common  to  all 
atoms — an  hypothesis  which  would  have  been 
rejected  unhesitatingly  as  contradictor}'  of  all  ex- 
perimental evidence  a  very  short  time  ago." 

The  only  attempt,  indeed,  that  he  makes 
to  solve  the  question  is  the  speculation, 
occurring  at  the  end  of  the  book,  that  the 
forces  which  are  attributed  to  positive 
electricity  "  may  be  found  to  be  manifesta- 
tions of  undiscovered  properties  of  the 
Faraday  tubes  attached  to  electrons."  It 
may  also  be  noticed  in  this  connexion  that, 
unlike  Sir  Oliver  Lodge,  who  would  make 
gravitation  the  effect  of  longitudinal  im- 
pulses or  "  end-thrusts"  in  the  ether,  he  does 
not  see  his  way  to  suggest  any  explanation  of 
the  phenomena  of  gravitation  at  all  ;  and 
that  he  thinks  the  full  explanation  of  the 
Hall  effect  must  be  postponed  for  further 
information.  The  manner  in  which  he 
treats  these  contested  questions  is  admirable 
alike  in  fairness  and  in  clearness. 

With  regard  to  the  main  idea  behind 
his  exposition,  the  one  consideration  that 
we  should  like  here  to  impress  upon  the 
reader  is  the  excessive  complexity  that  it 
would  introduce  into  our  conceptions  of 
the  relations  between  electricity  and  matter. 
Tho  notion  that  all  matter  is  composed 
in  the  last  resort  of  discrete  particles  of 
negative  electricity,  identical  in  all  respects 
and  bearing  the  same  charge,  scorns  at  first 
sight  simple.  But  if  it  is  necessary,  as  Mr. 
Campbell  tells  us.  to  explain  certain  phe- 
nomena on  this  hypothesis  by  supposing 
that  the  positively  charged  portion  over 
which  they  are  distributed  within  the  atom 
has  "a  more  complex  structure  than  the 
simple   sphere    of    uniform    density    which 

has    formed     the    basis    of    our    argument," 

the      complexity     is    simplified     in     one 

place,    where    wo    havo    some    sort    of    clue 


1154 


Til  E    AT  II  E  N  .!•:  r  M 


\o.  4180,  Fib.  8,  I 


to  its  rainilications.  only  to  reappear  in 
another  where  we  have  none.    Thisiepar- 

ti«ulail\  the  ens.'  whon  Mr.  Caini>l).-ll 
oonaMen  thearrangoinont  of  the  corpuscles 
within  the  atom  on  Prof.  ■)■  J.  Thomaon'i 
theory,  already  fully  discussed  in  Tht 
At/,,  i'ui  urn  (s«M."  Nos.  403!)  and  4041).  Sere 
ho  is  eomprllod  to  assuino  that,  in  addition 
to  the  "  non-disporsional  "  electrons  which 
are  hold  lirnilv  within  tho  atom  and  evenly 
distributed  throughout  its  structure,  there 
an  " dispersional  *'  olectrons  apparently 
irregularly  distributed,  and  so  loosely  hold 
as  to  be  liable  to  fly  off  at  any  moment, 
and  that  it  is  tho  transference  of  these 
last  electrons  from  one  atom  to  another 
which  produces  chemical  combination. 
Henco  the  sun-and-planet  analogy,  which 
lias  satisfied  many,  breaks  down  utterly 
as  a  typo  of  what  is  going  on  within  tho 
atom  ;  and  we  may  6ay  the  same  of  Prof. 
Thomson's  figure  of  the  floating  magnets, 
which  Mr.  Campbell  would  in  loyalty 
prefer  to  it. 

Some  few  objections  besides  this  may 
be  taken  to  the  book  on  other  grounds. 
Mr.  Campbell  is  entirely  just  in  giving 
to  Prof.  Lorentz  whatever  credit  attaches 
to  the  inventor  of  the  electronic  theory. 
So,  too,  he  asserts  that  M.  Henri  Becquerel, 
by  his  discovery  of  the  "  Becquerel  rays," 
virtually  founded  the  whole  science  of  radio- 
activity. We  think  that  here  he  might 
go  further  back  and  acknowledge  that 
Prof.  Rontgen  and  Dr.  Gustave  Le  Bon 
are  also  entitled  to  some  credit  in  the 
matter.  Prof.  Bragg' s  contention  that 
the  Rontgen  or  X-rays,  together  with 
the  Gamma  rays  emitted  by  radio-active 
substances,  contain  material  particles 
charged  with  both  positive  and  negative 
electricity,  might  also  be  more  distinctly 
stated  than  it  is  here.  These,  however, 
are  small  points,  and  should  not  derogate 
from  our  commendation  of  an  honest  and 
very  able  book.  It  contains  a  few  misprints 
and  a  few  misspellings  of  proper  names. 


SOCIETIES. 


British  Academy. — Jan.  29. — Sir  E.  Maunde 
Thompson,  President,  in  the  chair. — Prof.  P.  Gard- 
ner, Fellow  of  the  Academy,  stated  that  his  object 
was  to  summarize  the  researches  of  numismatists 
into  the  early  coinage  of  Asia,  and  the  general 
history  and  economy  of  the  Lydian  and  Persian 
kings,  so  far  as  known.  Questions  arise  as  to  the 
origin  and  extent  of  the  control  exercised  by  the 
Great  King  over  the  coinage  of  Asia,  his  monopoly 
of  the  coinage  of  gold,  and  the  way  in  which  the 
State  regarded  the  issues  of  coin  in  electrum,  a 
mixture  of  gold  and  silver.  To  answer  these  ques- 
tions it  is  necessary  to  go  over  the  history  of  the 
gold  and  electrum  coinages  of  Asia,  fixing  their 
dates,  and  the  circumstances  in  which  they  were 
issued.  Prof.  Gardner  passed  in  rapid  review  five 
classes  of  coins  :  — 

1.  The  early  electrum  issued  by  the  cities  of 
Ionia  and  the  Lydians.  The  facts  of  its  origin  are 
obscure  ;  but  it  appears  at  first  not  to  have  had  an 
official  civic  character.  The  two  chief  divisions 
are  the  Milesian  and  the  Phocajan.  This  money 
was  succeeded  and  superseded  by 

2.  Tho  pure  gold  coinage  introduced  by  Crcesus 
and  copied  by  the  Kings  of  Persia.  The  daric 
was  the  chief  gold  coin  of  Persia  to  the  time  of 
Alexander. 

3.  At  the  time  of  the  Ionian  revolt  there  seems 
to  have  been  some  attempt  on  tho  part  of  the 
Ionians  to  reintroduce  an  electrum  coinage,  the 
lead  being  taken  by  Chios.  This,  however,  was 
soon  put  down. 

4.  Only  a  few  cities  —  Cyzicus,  Lampsacus, 
Phocrea,  Mytilene,  and  Chios — continued  the  issue 
of  electrum  staters  and  sixths  in  the  fifth  and 
fourth  centuries.  This  appears  to  have  been 
tolerated  by  Persian  authi  rity. 

5.  Towards  the  end  of  tho  fifth  century  and  the 
beginning  of  tho  fourth,  a  few  cities  of  Asia — 
Lampsacus,   Abydos,   and    Clazomena; — began    to 


Id  coinage.      Thin    in  a    OttfioiU   fait,  and 

i  he-  roatoni  and  oiroumsta  '  ion. 

It  seems  prohahlo  t lint,  llic  impulse  OafflC  liom 
Athens,    and    that,    the    jssie  topped  at  the 

tiino  of  the  peacu  of  Antal'ida-,  although  thin 
view  involves;  ■OHM  difficulties.  The  coinage  of 
Alexander  the  Gnat  brings,  these  issue     at   an  end. 

A  discussion  followed,  in  whiofa  Dr.   B.   Heed, 

Mr.  (1.  P.  Hill,  Or.  Hogarth,  and  the  President 
took  part. 

Or.    Murray,    Fellow  of  the   A-  idemy,    made  a 
oommnnioation  on  newly  discovered  fragmenti 
MS.  of  Pelaghu.  Dr.  Boater  in  his  paper  read  b 

the  Academy  {Proceeding*,  vol.  ii.  p.  423  ff. ),  con- 
tended tlnitthenintheenturv  Reichenau  manuscript 
at  Karlsruhe  (Aug.  cxix.)  is  the  only  known  example 
of  l'elagius's  commentary  on  the  epistles  of  St.  Paul 
in  its  original  pure  form.  This  contention  was 
based  on  the  internal  evidence  of  the  manuscript 
itself  that  it  was  copied  from  a  fifth-  or  sixth- 
century  original,  but  especially  on  tho  fact  that  it 
presents  in  the  longer  epistles  a  large  number  of 
lacuna;,  when  compared  with  what  is  known  as  the 
Pseudo  -  Jerome  commentary.  A  striking  con- 
firmation of  this  view  has  been  since  provided  by 
an  important  discovery  of  Monsignor  Mercati  of 
the  Vatican  Library,  who  has  found  two  leaves 
of  a  manuscript  written  in  semi-uncial  characters 
of  the  sixth  century,  which  contain  fragments  of 
exactly  the  same  form  of  the  commentary.  The 
portions  discovered  are  on  Romans  vii.  and  viii., 
in  which  both  the  Roman  fragments  and  the 
Karlsruhe  MS.  show  precisely  the  same  lacunae,  as 
compared  with  the  Pseudo-Jerome  commentary. 
This  discovery  affords  a  welcome  proof  that  the 
form  presented  by  the  Karlsruhe  MS.  is  at  least  as 
old  as  the  sixth  century,  and  strengthens  the  con- 
tention that  it  is  a  copy  of  the  original  Pelagius. 
The  fragments  have  been  described  and  edited  by 
Dr.  Mercati  in  The  Journal  of  Theological  Studies 
for  July,  1907,  with  an  appendix  by  Dr.  Souter  on 
their  relation  to  the  Karlsruhe  MS.  Their  dis- 
covery and  identification  were  a  direct  result  of 
the  publication  of  the  paper  read  before  the 
Academy,  and  of  the  attention  thereby  called  to 
any  MSS.  or  fragments  of  MSS.  which  might  bear 
upon  the  subject  of  the  paper. 


Geological. — Jan.  22.— Sir  Archibald  Geikie, 
President,  in  the  chair.— The  following  communi- 
cations were  read  :  '  The  Origin  of  the  Pillow- 
Lava  near  Port  Isaac  in  Cornwall,'  by  Messrs. 
Clement  Reid  and  H.  Dewey, — and  '  On  the  Sub- 
division of  the  Chalk  at  Trimmingham,  Norfolk,' 
by  Mr.  R.  Marr  Brydone. 


Society  of  Antiquaries.  —  Jan.  23.  —  Lord 
Avebury,  President,  in  the  ehair. — Mr.  W.  H. 
St.  John  Hope  read  a  paper  on  an  inventory  of 
goods  of  the  College  of  the  Holy  Trinity,  Arundel, 
taken  in  1517,  the  original  of  which  was  exhibited 
through  the  courtesy  of  the  Duke  of  Norfolk. — Mr. 
William  Pearce  exhibited  a  perfect  example  of  a 
late  fifteenth-  or  early  sixteenth-century  latten 
processional  cross  of  English  make,  with  detach- 
able figures  for  use  as  an  altar  cross. 

Jan.  30. — Mr.  Philip  Norman,  Treasurer,  in  the 
chair. — Mr.  V.  B.  Crowther-Beynon  submitted,  as 
Local  Secretary  for  Rutland,  a  Report  on  (1)  pre- 
historic finds  at  Great  Casterton,  (2)  a  Neolithic 
axehead  found  at  Oakham,  (3)  a  hoard  of  the 
Bronze  Age  from  Cottesmore  ironstone  diggings, 
(4)  Roman  remains  found  at  Casterton,  (5)  Anglo- 
Saxon  discoveries  at  Cottesmore  and  Market  Over- 
ton, including  some  fine  examples  of  ornamented 
brooches,  (6)  part  of  a  Saxon  cross-shaft  from  Lord 
Ancaster's  estate  works,  (7)  part  of  a  mediaeval 
gable-cross  at  London,  &c. 

Mr.  Reginald  Smith  described  a  hoard  of  Roman 
bronze  vessels  and  ornaments  found  on  Lamberton 
Moor,  Berwickshire,  and  exhibited  by  Mrs. 
Cochran.  It  comprised  fragments  of  four  patera? 
or  skillets  of  saucepan  shape  ;  four  small  bowls  of 
wrought  bronze,  all  imperfect ;  a  massive  bronze 
beaded  collar  (like  one  from  Embsay,  Yorks) ; 
two  small  spiral  coils  of  bronze  that  may  have 
been  joined  together  ;  two  harp-shaped  brooches, 
and  another  of  S-form.  The  brooches  were 
cemented  in  a  single  lump  by  the  rusting  of  a  chain 
that  joined  the  pair,  and  all  were  enamelled  in 
colours.  The  whole  find  appeared  to  have  been 
the  ceremonial  outfit  of   some  priest  or  priestess. 


view  is  I   by   a  |«ir»lleJ    find 

Baekworth)  Northumberland,  now  in  the  national 
collection,   oonsisl  gold  ring 

}><  axing  inaoriptioi  the 

1 1.       Mi'i.  i,  other  gold  rings  and  necklets,  a  j«air 
hrer  brooches,  and  a  mirror,  with  coins  struck 

about  130  lo.     One  oi  the  smaller  bronze  vessel* 

in   the  I.arnl.<  rt'.n  Moor  find  m  of  British  charac- 
ter, and  had  a  round  perforation  in  the  base,  which 
its  use  as  a    v 
pies    have  been   found   in   England,  arid  they 

appear  to  have  been  placed  on  the  vurface  of  s  . 

and  allowed  to  fill  through  the  hole.  On  sinking 
m  a  ipecified  time,  the  bowl  would  be  replaced 
on  tbi  face  by  an  attendant,  who  kop' 

and  announced  the  lapse  of  time  at  intervals.    .It 
was  satisfactory  to  obtain  an  approximate  da?- 
the  bronze  and  brooches,  as  the  deposit  must  have 
been  made  in  the  closing  years  of  the  first  or  the 
opening  years  of  the  second  century  of  our  era. 


Royal    Institution.  —  Feb.     3.  —  Sir     James 
Crinhton-Browne,   Treasurer    and    V.P.,    in    the 

chair. — Lord  Ellenborough  and  Mr.  Alfred  Mosely 
were  elected  Members. — The  Ho:  J  tary 
reported  the  decease  of  Lord  Kelvin,  and  it  was 
resolved,  "That  the  Managers  of  the  Royal 
Institution  of  Great  Britain  desire  to  record  at 
this,  their  first  meeting  subsequent  to  his  death, 
their  sense  of  the  great  loss  sustained  by  the 
Institution  and  by  science  in  the  decease  of  Lord 
Kelvin." — The  Chairman  announced  that  the 
Managers  had  appointed  Dr.  Kenneth  Robert 
Hay  medical  officer  to  the  Royal  Institution  in 
succession  to  the  late  Dr.  Woodhouse  Braine,  who 
had  held  the  appointment  for  thirty-six  years. 


Anthropological  Institute.  —  Jan.  28.  — 
Annual  Meeting.— Prof.  D.  J.  Cunningham  in  the 
chair.— The  Reports  of  the  Council  and  Treasurer 
were  accepted,  and  the  officers  and  Council  for  the 
ensuing  year  were  elected.  Prof.  W.  Ridgeway 
being  elected  President.  —The  outgoing  President 
(Prof.  Cunningham)  delivered  his  anniversary 
address  on  *  Anthropology  in  the  Eighteenth 
Century.'  The  work  of  the  period  centres  round 
five  men,  Camper,  White,  Blumenbach,  Prichard, 
and  Lawrence,  of  each  of  whom  the  President 
gave  a  most  interesting  account. 

Camper,  although  his  strictly  anthropological 
work  consisted  of  only  four  papers,  yet  had  an 
immense  influence  on  the  science.  It  is  especially 
noteworthy  that  Camper's  inclinations  at  first 
turned  towards  art,  and  that  it  was  due  to  this 
fact  that  he  invented  the  facial  angle,  which,  in 
spite  of  severe  criticism,  had  until  a  comparatively 
recent  period  a  great  influence  on  craniometrical 
methods. 

White,  a  Manchester  physician,  had  been 
spoken  of  as  the  father  of  anthropometry,  and  in 
a  sense  this  title  is  not  altogether  undeserved,  as 
he  appears  to  have  been  the  first  to  make  in  a 
rational  and  scientific  manner  measurements  of 
the  living  person.  But  his  chief  title  to  fame 
lies  in  his  discovery  that  the  forearm  of  the  negro, 
relative^  to  the  upper  arm,  is  longer  than  that  of 
the  European,  and  a  corresponding  relationship 
exists  between  the  ape  and  the  negro.  Prom 
these  observations  of  White's  most  interesting 
facts  have  accrued. 

To  Blumenbach  is  clue  in  great  part  the  founda- 
tion of  modern  anthropology.  His  knowledge 
was  remarkable,  and  his  work  on  '  The  Natural 
Variety  of  Mankind '  of  the  first  importance.  He 
divided  mankind  into  five  varieties  under  one 
species,  and  his  classification  rested  on  a  rational 
basis,  as  he  placed  reliance  on  colour,  hair,  and 
bodily  structure,  especially  the  form  of  the  skull. 
Although  not  the  first  to  study  this  part  of  the 
skeleton,  he  was  the  first  to  do  so  scientifically, 
and  he  must  always  be  regarded,  therefore,  as  the 
founder  of  craniology,  and  his  influence  on  this 
subject  can  be  felt  at  the  present  day. 

By  many  people  Prichard  has  been  considered 
as  the  greatest  anthropologist  of  his  age.  An 
accomplished  anatomist,  he  was  also  a  learned 
philologist  and  a  noted  psychologist,  and  he 
brought  his  wide  knowledge  of  these  BUDJ«  I 
bear  "upon  his  ethnological  work.  In  his  famous 
book  'Researches  into  the  Physical  History 
of  Mankind'  he  maintained,  like  Camper  and 
Blumenbach,  that  the  races  of  man  should  be 
included  under  one  species.    He  also  held  interest- 


No.  4189,  Feb.  8,  1908 


THE     ATHENAEUM 


165 


ing  views  on  the  subject  of  skin  colour,  being  of 
opinion  that  the  original  pair  from  whom  mankind 
has  sprung  were  black. 

The  last  of  the  great  anthropologists  with 
whom  Prof.  Cunningham  dealt  was  Sir  William 
Lawrence.  At  the  age  of  thirty-two  he  delivered 
his  famous  lectures  on  comparative  anatomy, 
which  raised  a  storm  of  protest,  and  were  so 
strongly  denounced  as  "  propagating  opinions 
detrimental  to  society "  that  he  withdrew  them, 
and  with  their  withdrawal  his  anthropological 
work  ceased.  But  his  lectures  are  still  read,  as 
they  possess  great  scientific  value.  His  facts  were 
doubtless  largely  borrowed  from  Blumenbach, 
but  he  handled  them  in  a  more  illuminating  way 
and  showed  a  deeper  insight  into  their  morpho- 
logical significance.  He  denied,  as  did  Prichard, 
the  doctrine  of  the  transmissibility  of  acquired 
characters,  and  to  a  certain  extent  anticipated  the 
modern  doctrine  of  evolution.  His  loss  to  anthro- 
pology was  great,  as  had  he  continued  his  work 
he  would  have  contributed  much  to  the  progress 
of  the  science 

Society  of  Engineers. — Feb.  3. — Mr.  Maurice 
Wilson,  the  President  for  1906,  first  occupied  the 
chair,  and  presented  the  premiums  awarded  for 
papers  read  during  the  year,  viz.  :  the  President's 
Gold  Medal  to  Mr.  R.  W.  A.  Brewer  for  his  paper 
on  'Liquid  Fuels  for  Internal  Combustion  Engines '; 
the  Bessemer  Premium  of  Books  to  Mr.  E.  J. 
Stead  for  his  paper  on  •  The  Connaught  Bridge, 
Natal';  a  Society's  Premium  of  Books  to  Mr. 
C.  A.  St.  George  Moore  for  his  paper  on  '  Working 
Experiences  with  Large  Gas  Engines ' ;  and  a 
Society's  Premium  of  Books  to  Mr.  H.  Blake 
Thomas  for  his  paper  on  '  Subaqueous  Operations.' 
The  thanks  of  the  Society  were  accorded  to 
MM.  B.  H.  Thwaite  and  R.  E.  Thorpe  for  their 
paper  on  '  The  Renard  and  Sourcouf  Road-Train 
System ' ;  to  Mr.  E.  R.  Matthews  for  his  paper 
on  '  Waterworks  Construction  in  America '  ;  and 
to  Mr.  H.  C.  Huggin*  for  his  paper  on  '  Bridle 
Roads  in  the  West  Indies.' — Mr.  Wilson  then 
introduced  the  President  for  the  present  year, 
Mr.  Joseph  William  Wilson,  who  delivered  his 
inaugural  address. 


Physical.  — Jan.  24.  — Prof.  J.  Perry,  President, 
in  the  chair. — Mr.  R.  S.  Smith  and  Mr.  J.  G. 
Howarth  were  elected  Fellows.  Mr.  W.  C. 
Campling  was  elected  a  Student  Member. — A 
paper  by  Mr.  W.  Rosenhain  on  '  Observations  on 
Racalescence  Curves'  was  read  by  Dr.  R.  T. 
Glazebrook. 

Challenger. — Jan.  29. — Prof.  d'A.  W.  Thomp- 
son in  the  chair. — Mr.  Vallentin  exhibited  and 
made  remarks  on  a  new  type  of  light  dredge,  suit- 
able for  soft  muddy  bottoms  ;  and  a  chart  and 
table  showing  depths  and  fauna  at  Stanley  Har- 
bour, Falkland  Islands.  He  was  of  opinion  that 
the  harbour  was  virtually  land-locked,  receiving 
and  emptying  its  tidal  water  by  soakage  through 
the  land,  and  not  through  its  entrance. — Capt. 
Wilson  Parker  read  a  paper  on  '  Elementary 
Marine  Meteorology,'  dealing  with  the  various 
phenomena  of  air  and  light  noticeable  at  sea  and 
the  methods  for  their  observation. 


meetings  next  week. 


Mon. 


Royal  Academy.  4.— 'Advice  to  Students,'  Prof.  W.  R.  Cotton. 
London    Institution,    5.  —  '  Ruminating    Animals,'    Dr.    P. 
Chalmers  Mitchell. 

—  Society   of   Arts.    8.— 'The   Theory   and   Practice  of   Clock- 

Making,'  Lecture  IV.,  Mr.  II.  II.  Cunynghaiue.  (Cantor 
Lecture.) 

—  Surveyors'    Institution,    8.— 'The   Railway    Fires  Act,    1905' 

Messrs.  H.  C.  Brierley  and  W.  II.  0.  Clay, 

—  Geographical,    8.30.  — '  The    Story    of     London    Maps,'    Mr. 

Laurence  (Joinnic. 
Tuis.     Royal    Institution.    3.— 'On    Membranes:    their   Structure, 
Uses,  and  Products.'  Lecture  I.,  Prof.  W.  Stirling. 

—  Asiatic,  4.— 'The  Nations  of  India  at  the  Battle  between  the 

PandBTaaaad  Kaaravu,'  Mr.  v.  E.  Panrfter. 

—  Colonial   Institute,   s— '  Education  and  Good  Citizenship  in 

India,'  Mr.  8.  S.  Thorburn. 

—  Institution    of    Civil    Engineers,    8.—"  The    Erection    of    the 

Pwll  y-Pant  Viaduct  on  the  Breton  and  Mertbvr  Exten- 
sion of  tin-  Barn  Railway,'  Mr.  A.  L.  Dickie- :  'Notes  on  the 
Erection  of  Cantilever  Bridges,'  Prof.  T.  0.  I'idler. 

Wed.  Society  of  Arts,  8.  — 'The  Application  of  Science  to  Foundry 
Work,'  Mr.  H.  Buchanan. 

Tdurs.  Royal  Institution,  8.— 'The  Story  of  the  Spanish  Armada,' 
Lectnr.    Ill  .  Major  Martin  Hume. 

—  Royal  Society,  4  10. 

—  Society  of  Arts,   4.30.— '  The   New    "Imperial   Gazetteer    of 

India. "'  Mr  Richard  Burn.    [Indian  Section.) 

—  London  Institution.  0.—' Newgate,' Canon  Benharo, 

—  Society  of  Antiquaries,  8.S0.—  On  some  Vessels  of  Steatite  from 

Kgviit.  and  a   Collection  of  Pilgrinib'  Signs  or  Amulets.' Sir 

John  Brans. 
Astronomic:)],  B.— Annual  Meeting. 
Physical.  S.— Annual  Meeting  ;  President's  Address. 
Royal  Institution,  ».  — '  Biology  and  History,'  Dr.  0.  W.  Snlcchy. 
Royal   Institution,  3.— 'The  Art  of  Florence,'  Lecture  I.,  Mr. 

Selwyn  Brinton, 


%tunzt  d>0sstp. 


Far. 


8at. 


An  interesting  innovation  was  witnessed 
at  a  recent  meeting  of  the  Medical  Section 
of  the  Royal  Society  of  Medicine,  when 
Dr.  Campbell  Thomson  gave,  by  means  of 
the  cinematograph,  a  vivid  demonstration 
of  various  motor  spasms  met  with  in  disease, 
such  as  those  of  Paralysis  agitans.  He 
also  showed,  by  the  same  means,  the 
presence  and  degree,  or  absence,  of  certain 
responses,  such  as  the  knee-jerks  and  wrist- 
jerks.  This  method  of  demonstration 
should  be  most  useful  as  obviating  the 
necessity  of  bringing  from  a  distance  an 
instructive  pathological  case. 

Dr.  Karl  Bruegel  has  brought  back 
from  his  ten  months'  journey  in  Siam, 
Sumatra,  and  Java  a  valuable  collection 
of  weapons,  masks,  musical  instruments, 
and  other  objects  of  great  interest  from 
an  ethnographical  point  of  view,  and  also 
a  number  of  specimens  of  butterflies  and 
beetles. 

We  regret  to  record  the  death,  at  the  age 
of  seventy-four,  of  Dr.  J.  Bell  Pettigrew, 
Professor  of  Medicine  in  the  University  of 
St.  Andrews.  In  the  early  years  of  his 
career  he  gave  special  attention  to  the  heart 
and  circulatory  system,  and  published 
'  Arrangement  of  Muscular  Fibres  of  the 
Heart  and  Bladder,'  and  '  Structure  and 
Function  of  Valves  of  Vascular  System.' 
Prof.  Pettigrew  made  a  hobby  of  aeronautics, 
publishing  (in  1867)  a  treatise  on  '  The 
Mechanism  of  Flight,'  and  until  recently 
he  worked  strenuously  in  the  effort  to 
construct  a  flying  machine. 

We  regret  to  notice  also  the  death  of 
Charles  Augustus  Young,  for  the  last  thirty 
years  Professor  of  Astronomy  at  Princeton 
University,  New  Jersey,  and  author  of  '  A 
Textbook  of  General  Astronomy '  for 
colleges  and  scientific  schools,  which  may 
be  considered  the  best  of  the  kind  in  exist- 
ence ;  the  first  edition  was  noticed  in  The 
Athenaeum  for  April  6th,  1889.  Young  was 
born  at  Hanover,  New  Hampshire,  on 
December  15th,  1834,  and  therefore  had 
not  long  completed  his  seventy-third  year 
at  the  time  of  his  death.  He  took  part  in 
several  eclipse  expeditions,  and  in  that  of 
December  22nd,  1870,  detected  the  reversing 
layer  in  the  solar  spectrum  whilst  observing 
at  Jerez,  Spain.  Besides  the  book  above 
mentioned,  he  was  the  author  of  a  work 
on  '  The  Sun,'  of  '  Elements  of  Astronomy 
for  High  Schools,'  and  other  scholastic 
treatises,  and  many  scientific  articles  in 
the  Astronomische  Nachrichten,  Astrophysical 
Journal,  &c.  He  was  elected  an  Associate 
of  the  Royal  Astronomical  Society  in  1872. 

The  death  took  place  at  Clifton  on  the 
30th  ult.,  at  the  age  of  eighty-seven,  of  the 
Rev.  F.  Howlett,  F.R.A.S.  He  had  been 
in  his  younger  days  a  diligent  and  persever- 
ing observer  of  the  solar  spots,  of  which  he 
made  a  large  number  of  drawings,  extending 
over  a  period  of  more  than  thirty  years. 
One  interesting  result  of  his  observations 
was  to  show  the  untenability  of  what  is 
called  the  Wilsonian  theory  of  the  spots, 
which  was  contested  when  first  promulgated, 
but  gradually  found  its  way  into  the  vast 
majority  of  popular  works  on  astronomy. 
Mr.  Howlett  found  it  in  almost  all  cases  to 
be  inconsistent  with  careful  observation, 
thus  concluding  that  when  the  spots  are 
at  a  lower  level  than  the  surface  of  the 
photosphere  the  depression  is  too  shallow 
to  exhibit  the  phenomenon  in  question  with 
certainty. 

We  have  recoived  Vol.  I.  No.  I.  of  the 
Publications  of  the  Allegheny  Observatory 
of  the  Western  University  of  Pennsylvania. 


It  is  on  that  troublesome  subject  to  photo- 
graphic observers,  the  distortion  that  the 
film  of  a  photographic  plate  suffers  during 
development  and  the  methods  which  have 
been  devised  for  eliminating  its  effects. 
Prof.  Kapteyn  has  advocated  and  used  a 
method  in  parallax  determinations  and 
similar  work  which  is  very  ingenious  and 
successful,  but  has  its  disadvantages,  particu- 
larly from  the  additional  expenditure  of 
time  necessary  in  applying  it.  The  use  of  a 
reseau — that  is,  of  a  plate  of  glass  coated 
with  a  silver  film  in  which  has  been  engraved 
a  system  of  fine  parallel  lines  so  as  to  measure 
the  differences  due  to  distortion — is  now 
common,  and  is  especially  advantageous 
when  there  are  many  stars  to  be  measured 
on  each  plate  ;  but  another  kind  of  error 
comes  in,  i.e.,  errors  of  projection  of  the 
reseau  as  well  as  optical  distortion  of  the 
micrometer  microscope.  In  the  paper  before 
us  Mr.  Frank  Schlesinger,  Director  of  the 
Allegheny  Observatory,  suggests  a  means 
of  avoiding  the  errors  of  other  methods  by 
measuring  the  same  points  on  a  film  both 
before  and  after  it  has  suffered  distortion. 


FINE   ARTS 


French  Art  from  Watteau  to  PruaVhon. 
Edited  by  J.  J.  Foster.  Vol.  III. 
(Dickinsons.) 

Following  the  plan  adopted  in  the 
previous  volumes,  the  third  and  last 
portion  of  '  French  Art  from  Watteau 
to  Prud'hon  '  begins  with  an  introduction, 
dealing  in  this  case  with  '  Society  and 
Morals  in  France  under  Louis  XVI.' 
This  study  in  the  social  history  of  the 
period  in  question  is  from  the  pen  of  M. 
Victor  du  Bled,  who  contributes  some 
twenty-seven  pages  of  agreeable  letter- 
press. No  half-hearted  admirer  of  the 
eighteenth  century,  M.  da  Bled  is  at 
times  carried  away  with  enthusiasm  for 
most  things  connected  with  that  epoch, 
in  the  aesthetic  perfections  of  which  he 
makes  the  following  confession  of  faith  : — 
"  I  believe  that  there  never  was  more 
esprit  than  in  the  eighteenth  century  ; 
never  were  carried  to  a  higher  pitch  urbanity, 
courtesy,  social  tact,  and  grace — grace, 
the  flower  of  chivalry,  that  subtle  perfume, 
the  elixir  of  civilization,  composed  of  endless 
charming  trifles  in  which  are  blended,  as 
in  a  symphony,  all  the  notes  of  the  human 
keyboard :  voice  and  gesture,  smiles  and 
beauty,  bravery  and  elegance,  and  some- 
times depth  of  soul." 

There  were,  alas  !  other  notes  of 
the  human  keyboard  less  pleasant  in 
character,  which  M.  du  Bled  discreetly 
omits  to  mention  ;  but  in  spite  of  its 
somewhat  optimistic  tinge,  his  view  seems 
to  us,  on  the  whole,  fair,  whilst  the  illus- 
trations of  social  life  are  noticeable  on 
account  of  their  aptness  and  vivacity. 
It  may  be  added  that  M.  du  Bled,  though 
thoroughly  appreciative  of  the  vanished 
glories  of  the  ancien  regime,  appears 
also  in  some  measure  to  accord  his  ap- 
proval to  the  tremendous  cataclysm 
which  began  in  1789.  He  cites  the 
Comtesso  do  Saxe  as  saying : — 

"  It  is  the  Revolution  which  has  brought 
old  ago  into  the  world  ....  They  knew  how 
to  live  and  how  to  die  then  ;  they  had  no 
tiresome  infirmities.  .  .  .They  knew  nothing 
of  that  devotion  to  business  which  spoils  the 


16(5 


II 


A  T  II  EN  .!•:  D  M 


No.  1189,  Feb.  B,  L908 


inner    oature,    And    dulli    and    warps    the 
inteU 

\\  e  no*  some  to  thai   portion  of  this 

mmptUOtUI  OCOk  which  deals  in  detail 
with  certain  eighteenth-century  painters 
a  oolleotion  of  studies  somewhat  superior, 
in  OUT  opinion,  to  those  contained  in 
the  two  preceding  volumes,  on  tlte  eon- 
tents  of  which  no  slur  is  implied.  The 
essays,  however,  here  seem  to  us  some- 
what more  thorough  in  character,  and  less 
redundant  in  vague  (if  pleasantly  phrased) 
generalities. 

Fragonard  receives  his  due  meed  of  appre- 
i -iation  from  the  pen  ofM.LouisHautecceur, 
whose  cultured  essay  is  extremely  pleasant 
to  read.  Essentially  the  painter  cf  eternal 
youth,  of  gay,  thoughtless,  exuberant, 
amorous  life,  Jean  Honore  Fragonard 
can  never  be  out  of  date,  and  it  is  owing 
to  this  that  his  canvases  command  the 
mad  bidding  of  which  M.  Hautecceur 
speaks.  True  is  it  that  for  some  six 
decades  the  paintings  of  Fragonard  suffered 
a  total  eclipse  in  the  estimation  of  so- 
called  connoisseurs — his  own  son,  Alex- 
andre Evariste  Fragonard,  even  once 
went  so  far  as  to  write  to  a  correspondent 
complaining  that  what  he  termed  "  les 
croutes  a  Papa  "  were  absolutely  unsale- 
able— a  curious  incident  which  fully 
illustrates  that  temporary  "  oblivion " 
M.  Hautecceur  sympathetically  describes. 
As  he  says,  Fragonard  was  essentially 
the  painter  of  the  aristocracy  and  its 
boudoirs,  and  was  totally  unable  to  adapt 
himself  to  the  new  epoch  ;  the  changed 
society  which  rose  out  of  the  blood-stained 
mists  of  the  Terror  seems  to  have  stifled 
his  genius  whilst  drying  up  congenial 
sources  of  inspiration. 

M.  Hautecceur  in  his  criticism  of 
Fragonard's  especial  characteristics  rightly 
notes  that  the  painter  paid  but  slight 
attention  to  academic  rules,  relying  espe- 
cially upon  his  marvellous  command 
of  light,  a  gift  which  enabled  him  to  bathe 
his  figures  and  trees  in  luminous  sunlight. 
This,  it  may  be  added,  though  unlike 
anything  in  nature,  yet  possesses  a 
peculiar  charm — the  charm  of  an  unruffled 
and  somewhat  poetic  existence  devoted 
to  languorous  pleasure. 

Before  leaving  M.  Hautecceur  we  note 
two  errors  which,  though  no  doubt  slips  of 
the  pen,  require  correction.  When  speak- 
ing of  the  picture  for  which  such  a  large 
sum  was  recently  paid,  he  calls  it  '  Les 
Billets  doux '  ;  this  is  inaccurate,  it 
should  be  '  Le  Billet  doux.'  In  another 
place  he  speaks  of  '  Qu'en  dit  l'Abbe? ' 
as  the  work  of  Fragonard,  whereas  it 
is  well  known  as  having  been  painted 
by  Lavreince.  This  is  a  slip  which  cannot 
be  allowed  to  pass,  for,  as  a  matter  of 
fact,  '  Qu'en  dit  l'Abbe  ?  ' — and  a  com- 
panion picture  by  the  same  artist  (another 
'  Le  Billet  doux ')  have  attained  wide 
popularity  by  reason  of  line  engravings — 
chefs-d'oeuvre  of  De  Launay. 

M.  Henri  Frantz,  who  contributes  a 
charmingly  writtten  essay  upon  Greuze, 
denies,  unlike  some  other  critics,  that  the 
sojourn  of  this  painter  in  Italy  had  any 
influence    upon   his   style.     He    declares, 


indeed,    that    Greuze    remained    entirely 

French. 
The    compositions    of    Greuze    are    in  I 

number  of  oases  but  i  of  minute 

dramas  in  which  he  oloselj  followed  the 
principles  of  which  Diderot  was  such  an 
ardent  champion.  The  latter,  indeed, 
praised  Greuze  as  the  inventor  of  what 
he  termed  "la  peinturo  morale,"  adding 
with  enthusiasm,  "Greuze  est  raon 
peintre."  The  most  celebrated  of  these 
didactic  paintings  is  '  L'Accordee  de 
Village,'  in  reality  a  regular  stage  scene 
— a  criticism  which  applies  also  to  '  Le 
Fi!s  puni '  and  '  La  Malediction  pater- 
nelle.  These  compositions,  however,  do 
not  appeal  to  modern  admirers  of  the 
artist  so  much  as  the  portraits  of  young 
girls  for  which  Madame  Greuze  was 
the  model.  Whilst  many  of  these  are 
beyond  question  beautiful,  there  are 
others  not  faultless  in  drawing.  We 
cannot  follow  M.  Frantz  in  his  rapturous 
admiration. 

M. Frantz  also  deals  with  Hubert  Robert, 
the  friend  of  Fragonard  and  St.  Non — 
one  of  the  most  gifted  interpreters  of 
the  effects  of  time  upon  the  efforts  of 
man.  Nevertheless,  there  is  nothing  sad- 
dening about  his  work,  for,  as  M.  Frantz 
happily  puts  it,  "  his  gaiety  gives  anima- 
tion to  the  monotonous  sadness  of  ruins." 
Besides  this,  Hubert  Robert  is  never  weari- 
some or  devoid  of  imagination,  remaining 
always  a  true  Parisian,  thoroughly  imbued 
with  artistic  instinct  both  in  the  way 
of  proportion  and  of  tact. 

The  inclusion  of  Moreau  le  jeune 
amongst  French  eighteenth  -  century 
painters  is  justified  by  Mr.  Frederick 
Wedmore  on  account  of  that  artist's 
charm  and  rank  as  both  draughtsman 
and  engraver,  and  also  on  account  of 
other  artists,  such  as  Baudouin  and 
Lavreince.  Mr.  Wedmore  says,  "  The 
eighteenth  century  of  France  died  with 
the  art  of  Moreau."  Rather  should  it 
be  said  that  the  art  of  Moreau  expired 
with  •  the  eighteenth  century,  stricken 
down  by  the  fever  of  the  Revolution. 
More  stress,  perhaps,  might  have  been 
laid  upon  Moreau's  enthusiastic  accept- 
ance of  the  new  ideas  after  1789  which 
made  this  artist  an  entirely  different 
being. 

Mr.  Wedmore,  naturally  an  enthusiastic 
admirer  of  Moreau's  marvellous  designs 
for  the  Monument  de  Costume,  selects 
'  C'est  un  Fils,  Monsieur  !  '  as  the  chef- 
d'oeuvre  of  the  two  series,  whilst  making 
mention  of  the  '  Sortie  de  1' Opera,'  which, 
we  may  add,  is  sometimes  called  '  Le 
Mariage,'  as  being  its  equal.  Another 
of  Moreau's  masterpieces  to  which  Mr. 
Wedmore  rightly  calls  attention  is  the 
'  Crowning  of  Voltaire,'  engraved  by 
Gaucher.  The  original  design,  he  may, 
perhaps,  not  be  aware,  is  now  in  the 
possession  of  Lord  Carnarvon,  who  some 
years  ago  purchased  in  a  London  auction- 
room  an  edition  of  Voltaire,  in  one  volume 
of  which  the  '  Couronnement  de  Voltaire  ' 
had  lain  for  many  years,  unknown  to 
admirers  of  Moreau.  Lord  Carnarvon  and 
a  French  dealer,  it  may  be  added,  were 
the  only  two  bidders  who  knew  of  the 


treasure   which  lay   hidden   between  the 
leaves  of  this  book.     It  is  but  oompanv 
tively  recently  that  the  work  of  th. 
French   draughtsman   has   been  a< 

right  measure  of  appreciation  in  I. 
land,  and  in  these  more  enlightened  da 
it  is  merely  justice  to  raoall  that  twenl 
one    years    ago    Mr.   Wedmore   wrote  ;i„ 
excellent  essay  on  him  full  of  appreciat: 
laudation. 

Some  twenty  pages  of  agreeable  writing 
are  devoted  to  what  is  virtually  a  . 
of  Madame  Vigee  le  Brun.  These  are 
contributed  by  Mr.  Foster,  the  able  edit<  r 
of  the  complete  work.  The  paintings  of 
Madame  le  Brun  may  perhaps  be  most 
aptly  described  by  the  term  "  elegant 
compositions."  For  the  most  part  exe- 
cuted for  well-known  people  in  the  world 
of  fashion,  they  attract  one  generally 
by  a  somewhat  studied  grace  and  pretti- 
ncss.  Depth  of  artistic  feeling  is,  indeed, 
not  a  conspicuous  feature  in  the  work 
of  this  artist.  As  Mr.  Foster  says, 
there  is 

"  grace  without  affectation,  and  a  charm 
diffused  over  her  work  which  does  not  inter- 
fere with  the  sincerity  of  fxpression.  De- 
voted to  her  art,  in  full  sympathy  with  the 
women  of  her  age — that  is,  of  the  circle 
in  which  she  moved — she  yet  never  produced 
anything  wTith  a  spark  of  divine  fire  in  it." 

Amongst  other  interesting  details  the 
editor  tells  how  the  beautiful  group 
of  Marie  Antoinette  a*nd  her  family,  now 
at  Versailles,  owes  its  preservation  to 
the  fact  that  it  was  put  away  on  account 
of  the  painful  memories  of  the  first 
Dauphin  which  it  recalled  to  the  mind 
of  the  Queen,  who  never  could  view  it 
without  tears.  This  perhaps,  with  the 
picture  of  the  Princesse  de  Talleyrand 
(not  mentioned  by  Mr.  Foster),  is  one 
of  the  most  fascinating  pictures  which 
Madame  le  Brun  ever  painted. 

At  the  end  are  a  number  of  short 
notices  dealing  with  certain  French 
artists  of  the  eighteenth  century,  other 
than  those  described  in  the  preceding 
volume.  These,  it  may  be  mentioned, 
are  for  the  most  part  cleverly  done. 

With  reference  to  Mr.  Foster's  notice 
of  Lavreince,  it  should  be  stated  that  the 
miniature  which  he  calls  '  Portrait  de 
1' Absent '  is  in  reality  a  small  replica 
of  the  '  Consolation  de  l'Absence,'  one 
of  the  most  celebrated  gouaches  of 
Lavreince,  which  was  finely  engraved 
by  Nicholas  de  Launay.  Mr.  Foster 
does  not  seem  to  know  that  two  of  the 
most  important  works  cf  this  master  have 
for  some  years  been  in  the  pos- 
sion  of  a  London  collector.  These  are 
'  L'Assemblee  au  Concert '  and  '  L' Assem- 
bler au  Salon  ' — masterpieces  of  delicate 
art  which  are  said  to  represent  interiors 
in  the  houses  of  the  Due  de  Luynes  and 
the  Prince  de  Conti. 

An  account  of  the  life  and  work  of 
Pierre  Prud'hon,  by  M.  Re  my  Salvatcr, 
concludes  this  volume.  The  classic 
reaction  which  so  greatly  influenced 
the  work  of  David  was  not  interpreted 
by  Prud'hon  in  too  strict  a  spirit  of 
pedantic  perfection.  Indeed,  it  is  his 
freedom  from   this   that  constitutes   one 


No.  4189,  Feb.  8,  1908 


THE    ATHENAEUM 


167 


of  his  greatest  merits.  M.  Salvator 
should,  we  think,  have  impressed  this 
characteristic  more  thoroughly  upon  his 
readers.  Nevertheless  he  hints  at  some- 
thing of  the  kind. 

Of  Prud'hon's  struggles  and  successes, 
and  tragic  liaison  with  Mile.  Mayer,  M. 
Salvator  writes  in  an  agreeable  and 
poetic  strain.  More  perhaps  might  have 
been  said  about  his  work,  but  such  mention 
as  is  made  is  both  accurate  and  inter- 
esting, as  the  following  will  show  : — 

"  Engrossed  like  the  old  masters  in  the 
preparation  of  his  canvas,  Prud'hon  painted 
most  of  his  portraits  upon  canvases  pre- 
viously coated  over  with  dark  red,  and  it 
was  by  this  process  that  he  painted  the 
finest  portraits  which  remain  to  us,  a  living 
testimony  to  his  glory  and  that  of  the  French 
School." 

M.  Salvator  also  notes  Prud'hon's  some- 
what excessive  use  of  white  and  lake 
tones,  together  with  his  avoidance  of 
chrome  or  yellow  colours,  which  quickly 
darken. 

Of  the  illustrations  in  this  volume  the 
frontispiece — a  reproduction  in  colour 
of  a  girl's  head  by  Fragonard — is  certainly 
the  best,  whilst  the  '  Fountain  of  Love,' 
from  the  celebrated  picture  in  the  Wallace 
Collection,  also  merits  praise.  As  a 
matter  of  fact,  most  of  the  numerous 
reproductions  leave  little  to  be  desired  : 
they  are  far  more  satisfactory,  in  our 
opinion,  than  those  contained  in  the 
second  volume. 

In  conclusion,  we  may  say  that  these 
sumptuous  and  admirably  printed  volumes 
well  deserve  a  place  upon  the  shelves  of 
all  connoisseurs  who  are  under  the  spell 
of  the  eighteenth  century. 


North  Italian  Painters  of  the  Renaissance. 
By  Bernhard  Berenson.  (Putnam's  Sons.) 
— Mr.  Berenson  is  famous  as  a  critical 
detective,  an  authority  on  obscure  attribu- 
tions ;  but  he  is  also  known,  if  perhaps  not 
so  widely  as  he  should  be,  as  a  brilliant  and 
illuminating  theorist,  one  of  the  few  writers 
who  have  contributed  something  to  that 
reasoned  knowledge  of  its  own  aims  which 
art  needs  if  it  is  to  go  on  at  all. 

Mr.  Berenson  himself  puts  the  case  for 
conscious  direction  with  much  force  : — 

"  The  naive  person  is  the  unsuspecting  dupe  of  a 
mind  which  is  only  saved  from  being  a  bundle  of 
inflexible  conventions  by  sporadic  irruptions  of 
anarchy.  The  larger  part  of  human  progress  con- 
sists in  exchanging  naive  conventionality  for  con- 
scious law,  and  it  is  not  otherwise  with  art." 

To  art  students  desirous  of  making  this 
exchange  Mr.  Berenson  has  sometimes 
offered  assistance — notably  in  his  previous 
volumes  (on  Florentine  and  mid-Italian 
painters),  to  which  students  may  go 
without  fear  of  finding  themselves  en- 
tangled in  an  interminable  discussion  of 
minutije.  The  present  book  is  largely 
devoted  to  continuing  the  same  train  of 
thought,  and  nothing  could  be  better  than 
the^';  first  fifty-three  pages,  wherein  are 
described  the  qualities  and  limitations  of 
Altichiero  and  Pisanello,  and  the  regrettable 
change  of  direction  which  allowed  Mantegna, 
originally  bent  on  a  revival  of  antique  art, 
to  be  diverted  from  this  purely  artistic 
aim  by  the  illustrator's  ambition  of  repro- 
ducing the  aspect  of  existence  in  ancient 
Rome.  Turning  from  these  to  minor  artists, 
Mr.  Berenson  indulges  in  a  passage  of  self- 


criticism    so    just    that    we    are    driven   to 
transcribe  it  in  despair  of  bettering  it  : — 

"  At  this  point  the  eighteenth-century  critic, 
who  was  apt  to  be  both  shrewd  and  rational,  would 
have  turned  his  attention  first  to  Leonardo  and 
then  to  Correggio.  The  study  of  art,  as  distinct 
from  art  fancying  and  the  biography  of  artists, 
should  be  in  the  first  place  a  study  of  the  specific 
ideas  embodied  in  works  of  art.  From  this  point 
of  view  there  is  nothing  to  be  said  about  the  North 
Italian  contemporaries  of  Mantegna  that  has  not 
already  been  said  about  him :  he  subsumes  them 
all.  The  student  of  art  might  well  ignore  these 
r.iinor  men  ;  but  of  the  small  number  for  whom 
art,  as  art,  has  any  meaning,  few  are  students. 
The  rest  are  fanciers  and  pedants,  and  it  is  for  them, 
and  as  one  of  them,  that  I  shall  write  of  the 
Quattrocentists  of  the  valley  of  the  Po." 

The  spirited  and  on  the  whole  large- 
minded  treatment  in  the  pages  that  follow 
somewhat  belies  this  remarkable  confession, 
which  is  extremely  valuable  as  coming 
from  so  distinguished  a  devotee  of  erudition 
per  se.  Yet  in  a  general  sense,  as  applied 
to  Mr.  Berenson's  work,  it  is  most  true, 
and  the  publication  of  another  volume 
in  a  stimulating  series  of  handbooks 
makes  us  bitterly  regret  that  a  writer 
of  the  insight  into  first  principles  therein 
displayed  should  elsewhere  have  wasted  so 
much  time  on  unimportant  matters  of  fact. 
There  is  some  hint  here  of  Mr.  Berenson's 
intention  of  returning  to  deal  with  the 
Venetian  School  more  adequately  than,  in 
his  own  opinion,  he  was  able  to  do  in  the 
first  volume  of  this  series.  We  hope  he  will 
do  more  than  that — that  he  will  include 
modern  art  in  his  range  ;  set  forth  the  full 
possibilities  and  the  limitations  of  "  the 
pictorial  manner  of  visualization  "  ;  and 
treat,  as  he  has  not  yet  adequately  treated, 
colour  as  a  means  of  intellectual  expression. 

House  Decoration  and  Repairs.  By  C. 
Orlando  Law.  (John  Murray.) — This  is 
another  of  the  numerous  volumes  recently 
published  with  the  intention  of  instructing 
and  advising  the  public  on  the  subject  of 
house  decoration.  That  they  have  had 
some  effect  upon  the  public  taste  is  un- 
deniable, but  whether  this  has  on  the  whole 
been  beneficial  is  more  difficult  to  decide. 
The  present  author,  without  confining  him- 
self strictly  to  what  is  ordinarily  understood 
by  decoration,  seldom  passes  the  boundary 
between  it  and  construction,  though  unfor- 
tunately he  constantly  advises  the  use  of 
sham  constructional  features.  The  attempt 
to  recall  the  "  extremely  quaint "  half- 
timbering  of  Elizabethan  houses  by  nailing 
thin  boards  on  to  plaster  walls,  with  the 
"  finishing  touch  "  provided  by  a  narrow 
shelf  at  the  top,  is  a  case  in  point,  and  is 
of  course  foredoomed  to  failure,  in  spite 
of  the  additional  falsity  of  boring  small 
holes  and  inserting  deal  pegs  at  the  inter- 
section of  the  panel  rails,  in  imitation  of 
the  oak  pegs  used  in  framing  up  timber. 
On  the  technical  side  the  book  is  more 
successful.  The  author  has  endeavoured 
to  give  sufficient  instructions  to  enable 
the  amateur  to  carry  out  his  own  decora- 
tions, and  the  reader  will  find  the  suggestions 
practical  and  inexpensive,  the  information 
full  and  exact,  and,  given  the  requisite 
time  and  inclination,  the  execution  should 
in  many  cases  be  within  his  power. 

In  Design  for  Schools,  by  Mr.  Charles 
Holland  (Macmillan  &  Co. ),  we  havea  valuable 
contribution  to  the  teaching  of  art  in  schools. 
In  all  olemontary  and  most  Secondary 
schools  design  is  a  subject  now  roquired 
for  examination  purposes,  and  the  need 
for  a  concise,  but  comprehensive  textbook 
on  the  subject  ha,s  beon  much  felt.  This 
want  Mr.  Holland  has  admirably  supplied. 

His  book  comprises  a  scheme  of  work 
extending  ovor  four  yoars,   at   tho  rato  of 


one  lesson  per  month.  Beginning  with 
the  simplest  and  most  elementary  principles 
of  design,  all  clearly  and  briefly  put  forth, 
Mr.  Holland  carries  his  course  of  instruction 
on  to  the  application  of  design  to  wall-papers, 
book-covers,  pottery,  tiles,  stencil- work, 
embroidery,  lace,  carpets,  woven  fabrics, 
and  wrought-iron  work  of  the  most  com- 
plicated description,  imparting  at  the  same 
time  much  valuable  technical  information. 
Each  lesson  consists  of  a  brief  description 
of  the  subject  of  design,  illustrated  by  two 
or  three  examples  advancing  from  easy  to 
more  complex  stages,  accompanied  by  valu- 
able colour  suggestions.  We  note  with 
delight  Mr.  Holland's  habit  of  adding 
in  each  case  some  small  point  of  general 
interest,  historical,  mythological,  super- 
stitious, &c. 

The  syllabus  embraces  a  list  of  flowers 
easily  obtainable  for  schools,  also  examples 
of  seaweeds,  shells,  fish,  birds,  &c,  illus- 
trated by  designs  the  great  majority  of 
which  are  excellent,  though  it  is  somewhat 
to  be  regretted  that  in  a  few  of  his  more 
conventionalized  examples  the  author 
differs  widely  from  plant-structure,  since 
fidelity  to  the  natural  method  of  growth 
can  hardly  be  too  strongly  impressed  upon 
the  young  beginner.  It  is  also  perhaps  a 
pity  that  room  has  not  been  found  for  at 
least  a  few  supplementary  examples  of 
varied  styles  from  the  old  masters,  as  a 
four  years'  course  intended  to  lay  the 
foundations  of  design  in  the  impressionable 
young  mind  should  embrace  a  wider  range 
of  influence  than  that  of  a  single  master. 

Mr.  Holland  rightly  attaches  great  im- 
portance to  the  demonstration  of  the  designs 
before  the  class  by  the  teacher.  We  venture 
to  think  that  in  the  short  space  of  time 
allowed  for  the  lessons  in  a  school,  it  will 
be  found  almost  impossible  to  demonstrate 
the  more  complex  designs  in  the  third-  and 
fourth-year  courses  before  a  class  in  such 
a  way  as  either  to  do  justice  to  the  subject 
or  to  leave  time  for  the  pupil  to  execute 
a  careful  study  of  the  same  exercise.  It  is 
to  be  hoped  that  Mr.  Holland  may  see  his 
way  either  to  the  publication  of  the  third- 
and  fourth-year  books  separately  at  a  price 
within  the  reach  of  a  class,  or  to  the 
printing  of  a  set  of  designs  of  sufficient  size 
to  be  seen  by  the  whole  class  at  once. 

With  the  exception  of  these  few  points 
this  work  has  only  to  be  known  to  be 
welcomed  in  the  scholastic  world. 

The  Gothic  Quest.  By  Ralph  Adams 
Cram.  (Gay  &  Bird.) — "  Is  art  a  language, 
or  is  it  a  form  of  amusement  ?  "  This  ques- 
tion, repeated  in  slightly  varying  forms 
at  intervals  througho\it  the  work,  and 
answered  in  many  striking  and  eloquent 
passages,  indicates  clearly  enough  one 
aspect  of  the  views  strenuously  held  by 
the  author,  while  he  nevertheless  seems  to  us 
to  contradict,  or  at  least  ignore,  his  own 
conclusion  in  the  main  contention  that 
runs  through  the  volume. 

Mr.  Cram  is  well  known  as  a  church  archi- 
tect and  leader  of  the  Gothic  school  in 
America.  As  an  ardent  Catholic,  lie 
advocates  Gothic  perhaps  loss  as  a  matter 
of  taste  than  of  principle.  For  Christians 
to  build  churches  in  any  other  style  is  to  bo 
"  guilty  of  false  pretences,  unfaithful,  deceit- 
ful." Like  Pugin,  he  would  discard  the 
term  Gothic  in  favour  of  Christian  :  while 
Classic  and  Renaissance  are  to  him  equnlly 
pagan.  Ho  insists  that  the  Church  created 
Gothic  art,  which  was  not  racial  in  any 
respect,  and  implies  that  it  created  no  other. 
It  was  nocossnry  to  advance  those  claims 
to  justify  the  siig^ostod  change  of  title,  but 
no  attempt  is  made  to  substantiate  them. 
Gothic  art  was,  of  course,  the  result  of  many 


168 


T  II  E     AT  II  E  X.K  T  M 


influences,  K>zn6  of  which  otme  from  ('inis- 
tianity,  Borne  Erom  the  Eaal  and  others  from 
the  Northern  nations  who  developed  it. 
li  the  Church  created  Gothic  art,  did  it 
not  ai><>  create  Byzantine  art)  and  I 
the  itnliim  Renaissance  7  It'  Gk)thio  art  was 
th<>  symbolical  expression  of  Christianity 
alone,  why  did  it  not  manifest  itself  in 
Rome  and  Constantinople  1  Buf  it  is  un- 
,i\  to  amplify  the  argument.  Art  is 
a  language,  and   not  a  form  of  amusement  ; 

and  Gothic  art  in  its  varying  phases  was  tho 

ezpression  of  many  different  influences  and 
impulses  of  mediaeval  Western  Europe. 

This   is   not    tho   only    question   on   which 
we    disagree    with    the    author.     It    is,    wo 
think,  highly  inconsistent  to  maintain  that 
Gothic  is   tho  only  style  in  which  to  build 
Christian     churches,     while  admitting     that 
"  it  does  not  serve  in  the  matter  of    office 
buildings  and  synagogues  and  railway  sta- 
tions and  city  halls,  of  course.     It  is  out  of 
harmony  with  modern  civilization,  it  is  an 
anachronism  :     that  also  is  sure."     This   is 
the  view  of  such  dilettanti  as  look  upon  art 
as  a  pastime,  and  fail  to  recognize  its  essential 
aspect  as  the  artistic  language  of  a  nation 
and     period.     Mediaeval     Gothic,     like     all 
groat  schools  of  art,  did  serve  for  any  and 
every     building      required,     whether     civil, 
military,  or  ecclesiastical.     Again,  as  Prof. 
Lethaby  has  pointed  out,  "  Gothic  architec- 
ture was  the  art  of  the  craftsmen's  guilds  "  ; 
and  modern  conditions  (including  the  archi- 
tect himself,  the  necessity  for  office  design, 
and    the  rigid    contract  system)  are  fatally 
opposed    to    its    spirit.     It    is,    of    course, 
possible  to  produce  buildings  with  pointed 
arches,  ribbed  vaulting,  traceried  windows, 
and  flying  buttresses  ;  but  the  result  will  not 
be  Gothic  architecture,  or  bear  any  but  the 
most     superficial     resemblance     to      "  that 
noble  and  adventurous  style." 

The  volume  is  a  collection  of  essays  and 
addresses  written  at  intervals  during  the  last 
fifteen  years,  but  exhibiting  remarkable 
consistency  of  view.  From  the  first  page 
to  the  last  it  is  highly  stimulating,  and 
displays  a  characteristic  directness.  Unlike 
most  American  writers,  Mr.  Cram  does  ample 
justice  to  English  Gothic,  which  he  sees 
clearly  was  a  definitely  national  growth, 
not  merely  a  provincial  copy  of  the  parent 
style.  He  even  claims  for  it  a  higher  ideal, 
though  a  less  complete  achievement,  than 
that  of  the  builders  of  the  He  de  France. 
In  fact,  it  appears  from  a  suggestion  of 
partiality  for  English  work  that  he  acknow- 
ledges descent,  not  from  the  Pilgrim 
Fathers,  but  from  Henry  of  Westminster, 
John  of  Gloucester,  and  other  master 
craftsmen  of  mediaeval  England. 

It  is  inevitable  that  in  a  book  such  as 
this  there  should  be  a  good  deal  of  repetition, 
neither  is  it  surprising  to  find  occasionally 
a  statement  or  opinion  that  the  author 
would  hardly  have  written  at  the  present 
time ;  but  we  were  not  prepared  to  see  in 
one  of  the  most  recent  chapters  William 
of  Wykeham  referred  to  as  an  architect, 
though  it  is  now  recognized  that  he  had  no 
claim  to  the  title.  This  chapter,  called 
1  One  of  the  Lost  Arts,'  is  nevertheless  a 
brilliantly  written  appeal  for  religious  cere- 
monial, both  as  a  noble  form  of  art  and  as 
supplying  a  craving  of  the  human  mind  ; 
while  the  chapter,  now  some  twelve  years  old, 
in  which  Mr.  Cram  considers  the  suitability 
or  otherwise,  for  American  students,  of  the 
method  of  instruction  provided  by  the 
Ecole  des  Beaux-Arts  is  a  very  reasonable 
criticism  of  the  system  by  which  architec- 
tural plans  are  often  judged  merely  as 
piecos  of  decorative  design,  without  regard 
to  either  scale  or  suitability  of  purpose,  and 
it  foreshadows  a  good  deal  more  recent 
condemnation. 


No.  U89,  Per  8,  1908 


There    are    one    or    two    other    matters 
•■'ll1'"-'     for    qui   turn,    bul    we    feel     thai 
this  notice  alr<  adj   contains  more  critii 
i''"1     '•         appreciation     than     tho     i 

*yea    or    mo    bad    inb  aded.     We   con 
gratulate  tho  author  on  ta  ating  a  m  U-wcrn 
subject   with   much    freshness :    his    enthu- 
sissm  is  infectious,  and  the  reader  will  wanl 

'"    ho    up    and    doing—if    not     what    hi 

advised,  yet  something. 

Legend   in   Japanese   Art.     By    Henri    L. 
Joly.     (John     Lane.)  —  In     this     imposing 
volume   u,    have  a  sort  of   Lempriere   of 
Japanese    art.     Tho    author    is    himself    a 
collector,  and  has  for  many  years  noted  all 
the  information  he  could  gather  about  the 
objects  contained  in  his  own  collection  and 
in   the   collections  of  friends,  Japanese  and 
other.     The  result   is   the  present   work  of 
some  450  pages,  containing  over  700  process 
illustrations,  and  16  full-page  reproductions 
of  nishikiye  or  colour-prints  in  the  appro- 
priate    tints.     The     latter     are     extremely 
good  (though  the  colours  are  not  quite  true), 
and  so,  too,  are  most  of  the  former  ;    but  it 
is  a  pity  that  the  two-page  illustrations  have 
not  been  so  fitted  together  as  to  make  one 
complete  picture.    The  work  is  indispensable 
to  collectors,  who  will  find  in  it  ample,   and 
on   the  whole  accurate,   explanations  of  the 
subjects  of  Japanese  art,  without  which  no 
real    comprehension    of    the   merits    of    an 
example  is  possible.     For  the  Far   Eastern 
artist  always  had  an  intention,  emblematic 
or  real— that  is,  mythical,  traditional,  legend- 
ary, or  simply  descriptive,  more  or  less  con- 
ventionalized in  expression,  often  grotesque 
both  in  a  good  and  a  bad  sense,  seldom  aiming 
at  mere  beauty,  and  scarcely  ever  striving  to 
arouse  the    emotions  other  than  the  feeling 
of  admiration  at  his  dexterity  and  sobriety 
in    the     use     of    the     means     at    his     dis- 
posal.    But  without  a  knowledge  of  what 
the  artist  did  intend,  what  myth,  story,  or 
conventional    subject    was    in    Ms    mind, 
the    ordinary    observer   must    often    regard 
his   work   as   mere    craftsmanship.      Hence 
the  great  value  of  a  book  of  this  sort,  which 
is  a  key  to  the  whole  range  of  Japanese  art, 
more  especially  as  exhibited  in  metal-work 
and    netsukes.     There    is    an    introductory 
section     on      the     commoner      emblematic 
and  representative    forms   of    (particularly) 
glyptic  art,  perhaps  the  most  characteristic 
side  of  Japanese  art  ;    and  the  rest  of  the 
volume  presents  the  subjects  in  alphabetical 
order,  closing  with  a  Japanese  index  and  a 
fairly     complete     bibliography.     Many     of 
the  articles  are  embellished  with  Japanese 
uta  (both  in  script  and  roman),  a  feature 
of  great  interest ;    for  the  poet,  or  rather 
versifier,  and  the  material  artist  often  worked 
consciously      or      unconsciously,      together. 
These  texts  are  not  always  correctly  roman- 
ized,    and   often   so  rendered    into    English 
as  to  do  some  injustice  to  the  kajin  (poet). 
Thus,  under  Komachi  (Ononokomachi),  the 
point  of  the  quintain  is  missed  in  the  trans- 
lation, and  the  more  poetic  as  well  as  correct 
version  is—"  Alas  !    as  I   contemplate  the 
days  of  my  life  in  this  world,  I  see  that  their 
bloom  has  passed  away  like  that  of  a  flower." 


THE     BRITISH     SCHOOL     AT     ROME. 

The  first  open  meeting  for  the  present 
season  was  held  at  Rome  on  Thursday, 
January  30th,  in  the  library  of  the  School, 
and  was  attended  by  British  visitors  to 
and  residents  in  Rome,  and  by  Italian  and 
foreign  archaeologists.  Two  papers  were 
read,  both  illustrated  by  lantern-slides. 

The  first,  by  the  Director  (Dr.  Thomas 
Ashby),  was  a  description  of  a  volume  of 
drawings  on  vellum,  now  in  the  library  of 


.Mr.  c  \\ .  Dj  ,„,  Perrina.     It  appeared  at  a 

theby'f) 
hut   it-   previous  histoi  .    i-   unknown  : 
now    in    a    fin.     \ ,  i  .  turn      binding,  which 
apparently    did    not    originally    belong   to 
it  ;   for  tho  Leavt  of  having  I 

slightly  cut  down,  and   it    is  further  <■!■ 
from  fragment!  oi  h  d  which  are  preserved 
on  the  back  of  some  of  the  lea 
of  which  a  chapter-heading  with  the  chaj 
number  xxxiii.  occurs),  that  there  was  . 
a  considerably  greater  quantity  of  t.  ■-.:.     i- 
seems    likely    that    this    was  'in    the    main 
destroyed  by  some  owner  who  cared  only 
for    the    drawings,     and    who     has     inn. 
gummed    together    the    leaves    upon    which 
there   was   nothing   hut   text,   rendering   it 
often  difficult  to  decipher,  though  the  writing 
itself    is    remarkably    fine    and    clear.      I 
whole  work  appears  to  have  been  intended 
for    presentation    to    some   wealthy    patn,ri 
of   the   author's  rather  than   for   the  press. 
As  to  the  identity  of  the  author,  there  is  no 
certainty   to   be  arrived   at  :     we  find   that 
many    of    the   drawings    are     copied     from 
engravings  by  Etienne  Duperac,   publis 
in    Rome    in    1574-5,    while    from    internal 
evidence  the  drawings  and  the  text  cannot 
refer  to  a  period  more  than  about  five  years 
later.     The  title-page,  it  is  true,  bears  the 
date  1490  (sic),  no  doubt  an  error  for  1590 — 
a  little  too  iate  for  the  contents  of  the  volume; 
but  we  may  perhaps  suppose  that  it  was 
prepared  away  from  Rome,  or  at  any  rate, 
not  brought  accurately  up  to  date,  or  that 
the  title-page  was  a  later    addition.     The 
drawings  consist  of  contemporary  views  of 
the    buildings    of    ancient    Rome,    and    of 
conjectural  restorations  of  them,   generally 
arranged  in  pairs.     Though  many  of  them 
are,  as  has  been  said,  identical  with  already- 
known  engravings,  others  are  independent, 
and  some  display  new  features  ;    while  the 
text  is  certainly  not  identical  with  that  of  any 
printed  work  of  the  period,  so  that  it,  too, 
gives  no  clue  as  to  the  identity  of  the  author. 
Some  points  of  detail  both  in  the  drawings 
and  in  the  text  are  worthy  of  notice,  and  a 
certain  amount  of  new  information  can  be 
gleaned     from  them.     With   this,   and    the 
explanation  of    some   of    the    illustrations, 
the  paper  was  in  the  main  concerned. 

The  second  paper  was   the  work   of   the 
Assistant  -  Director    (Mr.    A.    S.    Yeames), 
and  was  a  discussion  of  the  identity  of  a 
personage  represented  upon  two  sculptures 
now  existing  in  the  museums  of  Rome — a 
bust    in    the    Sala   delle    Colombo    of    the 
Capitoline   Museum,    and    the    great   sarco- 
phagus with  the  representation  of  a  battle 
between  Romans  and  barbarians,  which  has 
passed,  with  the  rest  of  the  Ludovisi  Collec- 
tion, into  the  hands  of  the  Italian  Govern- 
ment, and  is  now  in  the  Museo  delle  Terme. 
The  first  represents  undoubtedly  the  same 
person  as  the  Roman  leader  in  the  battle 
scene  upon  the  sarcophagus,  and  from  their 
style  both  belong  to  the  first   half  of  the 
third  century  after  Clirist.     But  none  of  the 
various  identifications  hitherto  proposed — 
Septimius      Severus,      Alexander     Severus, 
Volusianus,  Claudius  Gothicus — agrees  with 
the    facts,    an    examination    of    otherwise 
authenticated    portraits    (particularly    those 
on  coins)  being  sufficient  to  disprove  them. 
Mr.  Yeames  preferred,  therefore,  to  seek  for 
a  fresh  identification,  and,  considering  that 
the  style  points  rather  to  the  second  quarter 
of  the  third  century  after  Clirist,  proceeded 
to   inquire   what   were   the   expeditions   to 
the  East    (for  the  barbarians  on  the  sar- 
cophagus   are   undoubtedly    Orientals,    and 
presumably    Persians)    undertaken     by    the 
Romans    between    the    wars    of    Septimius 
Severus   and   the   capture  of  the  Emperor 
Valerian  in  260  a.d.     There  were  three,  of 
wliich    only    one    was    successful    or    even 


No.  4189,  Feb.  8,  1908 


THE    ATHEN^UM 


169 


creditable,  and  therefore  likely  to  be  repre- 
sented in  sculpture,  and  it  was  the  cam- 
paign conducted  by  C.  Furius  Timesitheus, 
the  father-in-law  of  the  Emperor  Gordian  III. 
and  praetorian  prefect,  which  led  to  the 
recovery  of  the  province  of  Mesopotamia. 
It  is  consequently  probable  that  this  is  the 
person  represented  by  the  bust  and  upon 
the  sarcophagus.  Upon  the  forehead  in 
both  cases  is  a  small  incised  cross  (not  a 
Christian  symbol),  the  significance  of  which 
is  unknown ;  it  seems^  certainly  to  be 
antique. 


THE   BRITISH   SCHOOL   AT   ATHENS. 

Mr.  A.  J.  B.  Wace  gave  an  account  on 
January  17th  of  the  excavation  executed  by 
himself  and  Mr.  J.  P.  Droop  at  Theotokou, 
in  Thessaly.  Having  remarked  the  exist- 
ence of  a  number  of  Doric  column  drums  and 
two  triglyphs,  he  hoped  to  recover  the 
stylobate  of  the  temple  to  which  they  pre- 
sumably belonged.  Excavation,  however, 
revealed  the  remains  not  of  a  temple,  but  of 
a  large  early  basilica,  of  which  the  plan  is 
preserved.  The  church  seems  to  date  from 
the  fifth  century  of  our  era,  to  judge  by 
the  style  of  the  mosaics  which  adorn  the 
floor.  These  are  well  preserved  and  inter- 
esting in  design  ;  the  subjects  include  birds, 
animals,  and  the  Christian  symbols  of  the 
chalice  and  peacock.  In  any  case  the  church 
cannot  be  later  than  the  sixth  century,  a 
coin  of  Justin  II.  (dated  570-71)  having  been 
found  above  the  pavement  level.  Further 
finds  include  remains  of  a  building  of  Greek 
date  and  possibly  of  the  temple  itself,  and  a 
group  of  "  Geometric "  tombs  containing 
twenty-five  vases,  fibulae,  and  bronze  and 
iron  pins ;  the  pottery  is  characteristic 
Thessalian  ware  of  the  period. 

Mr.  A.  M.  Woodward  discussed  the 
athletic  inscription  of  the  Spartan  Damonon, 
erected  towards  the  end  of  the  fifth  century 
B.C.  in  the  sanctuary  of  Athena  Chalkioikos. 
The  first  portion  of  this  remarkable  monu- 
ment has  long  been  deposited  in  the  museum 
at  Sparta  ;  a  second  was  recovered  only  last 
year,  during  the  excavation  of  the  Temple 
of  Athena  by  the  British  School.  The 
inscription  enumerates  the  athletic  victories 
of  Damonon  and  his  son  Enymakratidas : 
the  father  won  11,  and  the  son  13,  victories 
in  footraces  at  various  Laconian  festivals  ; 
whilst  the  former  boasts  in  addition  no  fewer 
than  43  successes  with  his  chariot  team 
driven  by  himself,  and  20  with  ridden  horses. 
If  we  adopt  Mr.  Woodward's  restoration  of 
the  small  lacuna  between  the  two  portions, 
the  inscription,  though  still  incomplete, 
will  contain  94  lines.  It  is  one  of  the  longest 
archaic  Laconian  inscriptions,  and  perhaps 
the  best  monument  of  the  dialect  and  letter- 
forms  in  local  use  during  the  period  imme- 
diately preceding  the  Peloponnesian  war. 


SALE. 

Messrs.  Christie  sold  last  Saturday  the  follow- 
ing pictures,  the  property  of  the  late  Mrs.  Edwin 
Long  and  others :  R.  Ansdell,  The  Caledonian 
Coursing  Meeting,  with  portraits  of  many  well- 
known  people  and  celebrated  dogs,  2411.  E.  Long, 
Pharaoh's  Daughter,  the  Finding  of  Moses,  441/.  ; 
The  Crown  of  Justification,  157*.  ;  The  Parable  of 
the  Sower,  Christ  preaching  on  the  shores  of 
Galilee,  1311.  W.  P.  Frith,  Measuring  Heights: 
Vicar  of  Wakefield,  178/.  W.  Mailer,  An  Under- 
shot Mill  near  Llanelly,  North  Wales,  157/.  E. 
Verboeckhoven,  Ewes,  Lambs,  and  Poultry,  in  a 
landscape,  168/.  A.  Cuyp,  Hilly  Landscape,  with 
a  horseman  crossing  a  rustic  bridge,  and  peasants 
driving  cattle,  5SS/.  ;  Frozen  River  Scene,  with  a 
booth,  sledges,  and  numerous  figures,  273/.     Rey- 


nolds, Miss  Lettice  Patten,  resting  her  right  hand 
on  a  sculptured  vase,  115/.  J.  Ruysdael,  The 
Outskirts  of  a  Town,  105/. 


^ine-^.rt  (5oasip. 

Mr.  Ralph  Nevill  is  at  present  engaged 
upon  a  volume  dealing  with  French  eigh- 
teenth-century prints,  to  be  published  by 
Messrs.  Macmillan  in  the  autumn.  The 
work  will  be  profusely  illustrated. 

We  are  sorry  to  notice  the  death  on  Tuesday 
week  last  of  Mr.  Sidney  Edward  Paget,  a 
well-known  artist  in  black-and-white,  who 
worked  for  The  Illustrated  London  News, 
Graphic,  Sphere,  &c.  He  studied  at  Heather- 
ley's  School  and  the  Royal  Academy,  where 
he  was  awarded  several  distinctions.  He 
was  also  a  painter  of  portraits  and  pictures. 

A  classified  index  to  the  pictures  in  the 
public  galleries  of  London  is  being  prepared 
by  Mr.  Hugh  Stokes,  who  hopes  to  issue  it 
at  an  early  date  through  Messrs.  Arnold 
Fairbairns. 

One  of  the  most  important  entries  in  the 
Hoppner  book  of  Messrs.  W.  McKay  and 
W.  Roberts,  now  in  the  press,  concerns  the 
discovery  of  a  whole-length  portrait  of 
Burke  at  Trinity  College,  Dublin.  There  is 
apparently  no  published  record  of  this 
portrait,  of  which  the  history  is  incon- 
testable. Prof.  Mahaffy,  who  first  called  the 
attention  of  the  authors  to  the  portrait, 
has  made  some  interesting  extracts  from 
the  College  Registers.  The  Governing  Body 
of  the  College  passed  a  resolution  on  Janu- 
ary 29th,  1795,  requesting  Burke  to  sit 
"  for  his  portrait  to  be  hung  up  in  the 
college  theatre."  The  portrait  was  paid 
for  in  1801,  Hoppner' s  account  amounting 
to  the  odd  sum  of  187/.  19s.  5d.,  which  pro- 
bably included  framing  and  packing. 

A  further  portion — the  third— of  the 
extensive  collection  of  engravings  formed 
by  Sir  Wilfrid  Lawson  of  Brayton  (who 
died  in  1806)  will  be  sold  by  Messrs.  Sotheby 
on  March  4th  and  two  following  days.  This 
section  comprises  portraits  by  early  English 
and  French  engravers,  notably  an  extensive 
series  of  the  works  of  R.  Nanteuil  ;  engraved 
portraits  after  Gainsborough,  Hoppner, 
Reynolds,  and  Romney  ;  and  a  number  of 
engravings  and  drawings  mounted  in  volumes. 
One  of  the  most  important  single  lots  in  the 
sale  is  a  fine  copy  of  '  L'OEuvre  '  of  Watteau, 
with  brilliant  impressions  of  238  plates. 

Mr.  Pierpont  Morgan  has  presented 
to  the  London  Library,  through  Messrs. 
T.  Agnew  &  Sons,  a  copy  of  the  edition  de 
luxe  of  the  monumental  '  Catalogue 
Raisonne  '  of  his  pictures  by  Messrs.  T.  H. 
Ward  and  W.  Roberts.  Only  a  very  limited 
issue  of  the  work,  in  three  folio  volumes,  has 
been  printed  for  distribution  among  Mr. 
Morgan's  own  friends. 

Part  III.  of  the  Vasari  Society's  '  Repro- 
ductions of  Drawings  by  Old  Masters,' 
which  is  now  being  issued  to  subscribers, 
contains  thirty-five  numbors,  the  majority 
being  from  private  collections.  The  Duke 
of  Devonshire's  well-known  album  of  Rubens, 
Van  Dyck,  and  Rembrandt  has  been  drawn 
upon  to  the  extent  of  ten  reproductions. 
Especial  care  has  been  devoted  to  an 
elaborato  facsimile  of  one  of  the  most 
famous  of  all  drawings,  the  '  Abbon- 
danza '  of  Botticelli  in  the  British  Museum. 
Other  artists  reprosonted  aro  Bonozzo  Goz- 
zoli,  Mantegna,  Alessandro  Araldi,  Piotor 
Breughel  the  Eldor,  Altdorfor,  Lucas 
Cranach  the  Elder,  Aldogrevor,  Nicholas 
Hilliard,  and  Wattoau.  The  number  of 
reproductions  shows  an  increaso  on  former 
issuos. 


Miss  Margaret  Warrender  writes  : — 
"Allow  me  to  point  out  regarding  the  review  of 
'  Suppressed  Plates '  that  Mr.  Layard  is  perfectly 
right  in  speaking  of  the  '  Duke  '  of  Queensberry. 
It  is  true  that  when  William,  Earl  of  March, 
inherited  the  Dukedom  of  Queensberry,  he 
inherited  the  Marquisate  as  well  (he  was  the  last 
to  hold  the  two  titles) ;  but  he  was  never  known 
as  Marquess  of  Queensberry.  In  the  second  place, 
there  is  very  good  ground  for  the  belief  that  Marie 
Fagniani  (Mie-Mie)  was  really  his  daughter.  He 
left  her  a  large  fortune,  and  the  published 
correspondence  of  George  Selwyn  shows  that  he, 
Dr.  Warner,  and  the  Duke  himself  had  little  real 
doubt  as  to  who  was  her  father.  George  Selwyn 
was  devoted  to  her,  and  wished  to  adopt  her  ;  but 
it  is  a  mistake  to  call  her  '  his  putative  daughter.' 
If  she  was  the  putative  daughter  of  any  one, 
she  was  of  the  Chevalier  Fagniani,  who  never 
repudiated  her.  The  story  can  be  read  at  length 
in  George  Selwyn's  correspondence  and  in  con- 
temporary memoirs." 

Mr.  E.  S.  Roscoe  and  others  send  us  similar 
corrections. 

The  Prussian  Akademie  der  Wissen- 
schaften  has  agreed  to  take  copies,  by  means 
of  photographs  and  other  processes,  of  the 
inscriptions  on  the  fifteen  temples  at  Assuan 
which  will  be  submerged  by  the  raising  of 
the  dam. 

Capt.  Rodwell  Wilkinson,  the  newly 
appointed  Ulster  King  of  Arms,  is  known  as 
a  designer  and  etcher  of  book-plates  and 
heraldic  devices.  His  chief  work  is  a  recent 
volume  on  the  Wilton  House  pictures  ; 
he  also  collaborated  with  Sir  John  Ross  of 
Bladensburg  in  a  history  of  the  Coldstream 
Guards  which  was  published  in  1895. 

Recent  excavations  on  the  site  of  the 
Roman  military  station  of  Anderida,  which 
has  been  identified  with  the  outer  court 
of  Pevensey  Castle,  have  disclosed  numerous 
objects  of  metal  and  pottery  ;  two  of  the 
ancient  gates  were  uncovered,  and  a  portion 
of  the  area  was  thoroughly  explored.  It 
is  now  proposed  to  open  up  the  other  two 
ancient  gates,  and  continue  the  exploration 
of  the  site,  as  well  as  to  ascertain  the  ground- 
plan  of  the  mediaeval  castle,  if  financial 
support  is  forthcoming. 


EXHIBITIONS 


Sat.  (Feb.  8).— Modern  Society  of  Portrait  Painters,  Second  Exhibi 
tion.  Royal  Institute  Galleries. 

—  New  Association  of  Artists,  First  Ex  biMtion,  Private  View, 

Goupil  Gallery. 

—  Pictures  of  Life  in  the  West  of  Ireland  by  Mr.  Jack  B.  Yeats, 

Walker's  Gallery. 

—  Under    Autumn    Skies,    Water-Colours    by    Borothy    Fox, 
Mendoza  Gallery. 

By  Field  and  Farm,  English  Pastorals  by  Jessie  Hall  :  Marine 
and  Landscape  Studies  by  tin-  late  Arthur  Tomson,  and 
Caricatures  and  Portraits,  Private  View,  Baillie  Gallery. 


Wed. 


MUSIC 

— ♦ — 

OUR    LIBRARY    TABLE. 

The  Threshold  of  Music.  By  William 
Wallace.  (Macmillan  &  Co.) — The  sub-title 
of  this  work  is  '  An  Inquiry  into  the  Develop- 
ment of  the  Musical  Sense '  — an  inquiry 
which,  as  our  author  remarks  in  his  Preface, 
has  not,  to  any  great  extent,  been  the  subject 
of  research.  In  spite  of  an  "  almost  in- 
credible advance  "  in  thought  and  imagina- 
tion during  the  last  hundred  years,  Mr. 
Wallace  considers  that  music  is  still  "  in 
its  infancy,"  and  that  to  a  future  generation 
it  will  be  what  "  our  present  music  would 
have  been  to  a  Hellone  of  the  ago  of  Pericles." 
Talk  of  this  kind  is  not  over  profitable, 
but  let  us  follow  the  author's  description  of 
advanco  in  the  past.  The  earlier  chapters, 
notably  those  on  'The  Hellenic  [deal  '  and 
'  Drama  and  Reform,'  aro  ably  written  and 
highly  interesting,  hut  in  a  brief  review  wo 
must  bo  content  with  looking  back  only  as 


17o 


T  II  E     AT  II  E  X  .K  U  M 


No.  4189,  Feb.  8,  1908 


fur  as  Booh  :  ami  sumo  of  tho  statoments 
uio,  to  nponlr  mildly,  peculiar. 

Wq  read  t  hat  muoh  of  Bach's  church 
inusii'  i-  "  formal,"  and  muofa  "  expressed 
with  a  mannerism  whioh  does  not  strike 
modern  sen  as  altogether  appropriate." 
Smli  is  the  criticism  of  a  branch  of  tho  art 
in  which  Bach's  genius  was  perhaps  most 
fully  manifested.  Of  Haydn  and  Mozart 
wo  are  told  that  the  style  of  their  instru- 
mental works  is  "  obvious,  trivial,  and  super- 
ficial." To  refer  to  Mozart  alono,  it  would 
a  as  if  our  author  had  never  heard  the 
Pianoforte  Concerto  in  D  minor,  the  '  Sarti ' 
Quartet  in  c,  or  the  throe  groat  symphonies 
of  1788.  And  he  has  found  only  isolated 
examples  in  Mozart's  music  written  to  words 
which  show  that  "he  had  somecomprehension 
of  a  dramatic  idea "  !  Even  with  regard 
to  Beethoven,  whose  genius  he  dare  not  deny, 
Mr.  Wallace  considers  that  liis  mind  was 
ceaselessly  at  work  to  transform  into  sound 
"  every  obdurate  circumstance,  every  happy 
event "  ;  i.e.,  if  we  do  not  misread  our 
author  s  meaning,  circumstances  and  events 
connected  with  himself.  But  what  about 
the  '  Eroica  '  and  '  Choral '  Symphonies,  to 
name  only  two  works  ? 

"  An  entirely  new  aspect  of  art  came 
into  existence  after  1830,"  says  our  author. 
That  may  be  so  :  but  was  it  all  advance  ? 
The  childhood  of  Berlioz,  we  read,  was  passed 
without  the  "  dubious "  advantage  which 
study  of  the  great  masters  can  provide. 
What  about  Mozart  and  Beethoven  ?  Did 
they  find  the  advantage  "  dubious  "  ?  Con- 
cerning Wagner,  who  studied  Mozart,  Beet- 
hoven, Weber,  and  Meyerbeer,  we  are 
expressly  informed  that  "  feeling  his  way 
through  men's  brains  "  was  to  him  an  "  in- 
valuable "  experience.  With  regard  to 
modern  art,  it  is  stated  that,  while  formal 
construction  and  design  wrere  "  admirable 
and  appropriate  for  a  style  of  expression 
which  is  the  filtrate  of  musical  thought, 
for  the  thought  has  to  be  modified  to  suit 
them,"  a  "  new  design  has  to  be  dis- 
covered, moulded  to  the  exigences  of  the 
new  mode  of  thought."  Our  author, 
indeed,  believes  (and  here  we  agree  with  him) 
that  music  is  now  passing  through  a  transi- 
tional stage,  and  that  those  who  stand  on  the 
threshold  of  the  new  art  are  as  yet  "  gazing 
into  the  dark." 


iRusiral  (Dosstp. 

The  first  cycle  of  the  '  Ring '  at  Covent 
Garden  was  brought  to  a  successful  close 
on  Saturday  evening.  Miss  Perceval  Allen 
impersonated  Briinnhilde  in  '  The  Twi- 
light of  the  Gods,'  and  we  have  never 
heard  her  sing  better ;  her  acting  on 
the  whole  was  very  fair.  Mr.  Peter 
Cornelius  was  an  excellent  Siegfried.  We 
name  the  impersonators  of  the  two  principal 
parts,  but  all  who  took  part  in  the  perform- 
ances acquitted  themselves  well.  It  was 
unfortunate  that,  through  the  sudden  in- 
disposition of  Miss  Maud  Santley,  the  great 
scene  between  Waltraute  and  Briinnhilde 
had  to  be  omitted  on  Saturday  evening. 
Dr.  Hans  Richter  conceived  this  scheme  of 
an  English  '  Ring,'  and  the  successful  way 
in  which  it  has  been  carried  out  under  his 
direction  must  causo  him  great  satisfaction. 
The  stage  management  in  all  four  sections 
was  exceptionally  good. 

M.  Claude  Debussy,  tho  composer  of 
'  Polleas  et  Melisande,'  and  of  the  String 
Quartet  in  a  minor  and  '  L'Apres-midi 
d'un  Faune,'  both  of  which  aro  familiar  hore, 
appeared  at  the  Symphony  Concert  at 
Queen's  Hall  last  Saturday,  and  conducted 
not    only    the    last-named    work,    but    also 


three  Bymphonio  Sketches,  '  La  Mar.'  The 
music  contains  no  themes  in  the  general 
sense  of  the  term,  and  t ho  form  of  all  three 
numbers  is  extremely  vague  ;  moreover,  the 
harmonic  progressions  and  the  tonality  aro 
deeidodly  uncommon.  Hence  a  judgment 
after  a  first  hearing  is  impossible.  One  felt 
either  that  the  composer  was  unduly 
extravagant,  or  that  one's  ear  was  not 
sufficiently  attuned  to  M.  Debussy's  latest 
stylo.  These  "  Sketches  "  were  completed 
only  in  1905. 

The  excellent  Alma  Mater  Male  Choir, 
under  the  direction  of  Mr.  H.  R.  Eyers, 
gave  a  concert  at  Bechstein  Hall  on 
Monday  evening.  The  programme  included 
an  effective  and  unfamiliar  setting  of 
Psalm  xxiii.  by  Max  Bruch,  and  an 
interesting  '  Consecration  Ode  '  by  W'agner. 
In  The,  Athenceum  of  April  14th,  1906, 
mention  was  made  of  two  pieces  o"  occasion 
composed  by  Wagner  and  Mendelssohn 
respectively  for  performance  at  the 
unveiling  at  Dresden  of  a  statue  to 
Friedrich  August  L,  King  of  Saxony,  on 
June  7th,  1843.  Wagner's  contribution, 
'  Weihegruss,'  was  sung  last  Monday  set 
to  English  words.  The  music  is  straight- 
forward enough,  and  except  for  the  "  turn," 
characteristic  of  Wagner  throughout  his 
wTorks,  lias  nothing  to  remind  one  of  the 
composer  of  later  years.  Mendelssohn's 
composition  was  supposed  to  be  lost  ;  but 
The  Musical  Times  (June  1st,  1906),  having 
obtained,  through  the  courtesy  of  Prof. 
Albert  Kopfermann,  Custos  of  the  Berlin 
Library,  a  transcript  of  the  original  score, 
gave  a  description  of  it. 

We  regret  to  announce  the  death  of  Mr. 
Denis  O' Sullivan  at  the  early  age  of  forty, 
which  occurred  at  Columbus,  Ohio,  last 
Thursday  week.  As  a  singer  he  was 
highly  talented,  and  his  recitals  in  London 
and  elsewhere  won  for  him  a  good 
reputation.  He  was  also  successful  on  the 
stage.  When  the  Carl  Rosa  Company 
produced  Sir  Charles  Stanford's  '  Shamus 
O'Brien'  at  the  Opera  Comique  in  1896, 
Mr.  O' Sullivan  appeared  in  the  title-role. 


Six. 


Mnx. 

Tt-KS. 

Weu. 


Till' IIS 

Sat. 


PERFORMANCES  NEXT  WEEK. 
Concert.  3.30.  Albert  Hall. 
Sunday  Societj  Concert,  3.30.  Queen's  HalL 
Sunday  League  Concert.  7,  Queen's  Hall. 
Miss  Hilda  Saxes  Pianoforte  Recital,  8  SO.  .Eolian  Hall. 
Miss  Kathryn  Comber's  Vocal  Recital,  8.30.  Bechstein  Hall. 
London  Choral  Society.  8.  Queen's  Hall. 
Miss  Heleuo  YUng  and  Mr.  R.  Thvnue'i  Recital,  8,  Bechstein 

Hall. 
Mr.  Willy  Rurmoster's  Violin  Recital.  3,  Bechstein  Hall. 
Philharmonic  Concert.  8.  Queen's  Hall. 

Miss  Molly  V.  Harcourt's  \ocal  Recital.  8.30,  Bechstein  Hall. 
Herr  87.igiti's  Violin  Recital,  3.15.  Bechbtein  Hall. 
Miss  Marion  Dyke's  Vocal  Recital.  ¥.30.  .Italian  Hall. 
Royal  Amateur  Orchestral  Concert.  8  30.  Queen  s  Hall. 
London  Ballad  Concert.  2.45,  Albert  Hall. 
Symphony  Concert.  Queen's  Hall  Orchestra,  3,  Queen's  Hall. 
Brinsmead  Chamber  Concert,  3.15,  Cavendish  Rooms. 


DRAMA 


Franz  Grillparzer  and  the  Austrian  Drama. 
By  Gustav  Pollak.  (New  York,  Dodd, 
Mead  &  Co.) 

Byron,  in  his  diary  for  the  year  1821, 
has  an  entry  in  which  he  refers  to  "  the 
German  Grillparzer — a  devil  of  a  name, 
to  be  sure,  for  posterity,  but  they  must 
learn  to  pronounce  it."  Posterity  proved 
slow  at  learning  the  lesson,  even  in  Ger- 
many, though  finally  they  did  acquire  it 
very  thoroughly,  and  have  for  the  last 
thirty  or  forty  years  been  repeating  it 
with  sufficient  emphasis  ;  here  in  England 
we  have,  as  usual,  shown  ourselves  any- 
thing but  apt  scholars  in  fitting  our 
tongue  to  the  foreign  name,  and  Grill- 
parzer stilPsounds  strangely  to  most    of 


us.  Except  for  a  translation  of  '  Sappho,' 
published  more  than  fifty  years  ago, 
scarcely  any  attempt  has  been  made  to 
introduce  the  Austrian  dramatis,  to  tin- 
English  public  at  large  ;  and  although  he 
has  within  recent  years  been  studied  to  a 
considerable  extent  at  one  or  two  of  our 
universities,  a  knowledge  of  him  is  still. 
we  suspect,  pretty  much  confined  to 
academic  circles.  We  therefore  welcome 
the  appearance  of  a  volume  which  may 
serve  to  draw  the  attention  of  the  general 
reader  to  the  life  and  work  of  a  deeply 
interesting  personality,  an  admirable  poet, 
and  a  most  unhappy  man. 

In  the  long  procession  of  the  German 
poets,  "  so  haggard  and  so  woebegone," 
there  is  perhaps  none  who  is  more  to  be 
pitied  than  Franz  Grillparzer.  Others, 
indeed,  suffered  more  overwhelming 
calamities,  endured  crueller  hardships, 
and  passed  through  more  poignant  agonies 
of  spirit  than  he  ;  but  they  had  in  the 
very  intensity  of  their  sufferings  compensa- 
tions that  were  denied  him.  The  passion 
of  a  whole-hearted  revolt  against  the 
world  and  fate,  however  ineffectual  it 
may  be,  has  yet  something  inspiriting 
in  it ;  but  the  tragedy  of  Grillparzer's 
life  was  that  of  an  asceticism  which  failed 
to  bring  contentment,  and  it  was  due 
to  his  temperament  far  more  than  to  his 
outward  circumstances,  unpropitious  as 
these  undoubtedly  were.  The  Vienna 
of  the  early  nineteenth  century,  with 
its  insolent  bureaucracy  and  galling  cen- 
sorship, was  the  last  place  in  the  world 
to  encourage  a  poet  of  independent 
genius,  and  Grillparzer  had  frequent 
and  ample  cause  to  resent  its  treatment 
of  him  ;  the  petty  official  duties  in  which 
so  much  of  his  life  was  spent  were  dull 
and  ill  paid,  yet  it  may  be  doubted 
if  he  could  have  found  happiness  even 
in  the  most  favourable  surroundings. 
Nature  would  seem  to  have  laid  upon 
him  the  doom  of  isolation.  He  was  one 
of  those  unfortunate  beings  who,  in  spite 
of  all  their  longing,  are  inhibited  from 
ever  getting  into  really  intimate  com- 
munion even  with  those  whom  they  love 
most  dearly.  It  was  not  that  he  lacked 
warmth  of  passion,  but  the  impulses  of 
his  heart  were  held  in  check  and  defrauded 
by  the  scruples  of  a  keen  and  too  mis- 
trustful intellect.  "  In  mir  leben  zwei 
vollig  abgesonderte  Wesen,"  he  says  of 
himself,  "  ein  Dichter  von  iibergreifender, 
ja  sich  ubersturzender  Phantasie,  und 
ein  Verstandsmensch  der  kiiltesten  und 
jiihesten  Art."  So  at  the  supreme 
moments  of  his  life  he  was  unable  to  let 
himself  go ;  be  chafed  at  the  existing 
order  of  things,  but  was  too  diffident 
to  combat  it,  and  finally  chose  the  part 
of  quiet  at  all  costs — a  somewhat  bleak 
and  morose  quiet,  in  which  there  was 
little  genuine  satisfaction.  More  than  one 
woman  was  violently  and  devotedly 
attached  to  him,  and  he  himself  was 
familiar  with  the  power  of  the  felon  god, 
but  he  never  married  ;  even  in  love  he 
was  beset  by  hesitancies,  and  could  not 
abandon  himself  to  the  great  venture. 
The  result  was  that  a  large  part  of  his 
life  was  spent  not  so  much  in  positive 


No.  4189,  Feb.  8,  1908 


THE    ATHEN^UM 


171 


wretchedness  as  in  fretful  dissatisfaction 
and  despondency,  deepened,  no  doubt, 
by  the  shadow  of  that  hereditary  insanity 
which  drove  his  mother  and  one  of  his 
brothers  to  commit  suicide.  His  many 
admirable  qualities  —  his  unflinching 
honesty,  his  independence,  his  rejection 
of  all  unworthy  means  of  success,  his 
modesty  and  freedom  from  affectation 
— could  not  overcome  the  prime  failing 
of  his  nature  ;  in  spite  of  them  there  was 
something  a  little  grim  and  repellent 
about  him  ;  he  was  in  the  comfortless 
position  of  one  "  who  despises  the  rest 
of  the  world  without  thinking  highly 
of  himself,"  and  as  the  years  passed,  his 
features  took  on  a  more  and  more  pro- 
nounced expression  of  acerbity.  We  know 
few  portraits  that  are  so  melancholy  to 
look  upon  as  those  of  Grillparzer  in  his 
old  age  ;  the  pathetically  weary  droop 
of  the  head,  the  stony  scrutiny  of  the 
eyes,  and  the  mournfully  bitter  resignation 
of  the  mouth  make  up  a  countenance  on 
which  Medusa  seems  to  have  turned  her 
glance,  leaving  it  incapable  of  laughter. 

Naturally  the  interest  cf  such  a  life, 
uneventful  in  its  outward  course,  is  princi- 
pally    psychological,     and     Mr.     Pollak, 
who  writes  with  a  sound  knowledge  of 
the  facts  and  a  genuine  enthusiasm  for 
his  subject,  is  hardly,  we  think,  a  suffi- 
ciently   acute   psychologist    to    make   an 
ideal    biographer    of    Grillparzer.     He    is 
content  to  follow  the  standard  authorities, 
and  the  student  who  is  tolerably  familiar 
with  these  will  find  little  in  the  present 
volume  that   adds  to  his  understanding 
of  the  poet.     But  the  narrative  is  clearly 
and  pleasantly  told,  and  English  readers 
will  gain  from  it  a  good  general  idea  of 
Grillparzer's    life    and    work.     Some    of 
them  may  even  be  led  to  make  a  nearer 
acquaintance   with  the  latter,   and  they 
certainly  will  not  regret   doing  so  ;    for 
few  authors  repay  study  better  than  Grill- 
parzer, and  almost  every  one  may  find 
in  him  something  that  makes  a  peculiar 
and  personal  appeal.     His  writings  were 
the  best  and  most  real  part  of  his  life  ; 
"  Mein  Leben  war  immer   ein  Traum," 
he  remarks  on  one  occasion  ;  but  he  could 
also  declare  that  there  existed  for  him 
one   truth  in  life,   if   only  one — that    of 
poetical  composition.     There,  in  spite  of 
the  doubts  which  made  him  question  his 
vocation,    in     spite    of    the    frequently 
insuperable    difficulty    which    he  had  in 
bringing  his  plans  to  completion,  he  did 
find    the    task    that    was    suited    to    his 
genius,  and  did  achieve  something  great 
and  vital. 

Of  his  dramatic  works — and  Mr.  Pollak 
naturally  confines  his  attention  almost 
entirely  to  these,  treating  the  lyric  poems, 
epigrams,  and  tales  with  extreme  brevity 
— it  is  hardly  necessary  to  speak  ;  every 
one  who  has  any  knowledge  of  German 
literature  now  acknowledges  their  excel- 
lence. One  can  but  wonder  that  it  took 
so  long  before  they  began  to  be  at  all 
adequately  appreciated,  for  the  applause 
bestowed  upon  one  or  two  of  the  early 
plays  showed  little  understanding  of  their 
real  merits.  It  was  not  till  the  middle 
of  the  century,   when   their  author   was 


far  on  in  years,  and  soured  by  neglect 
and  disappointment,  that  a  just  concep- 
tion of  their  worth  began  to  spread.  Such 
a  triumph  of  sheer  beauty  as  '  Des  Meeres 
und  der  Liebe  Wellen  '  found  little  favour 
on  its  first  appearance  ;  and  the  reception 
accorded  to  '  Weh  dem  der  liigt,'  perhaps 
the  finest  of  all  German  comedies,  was 
so  unsympathetic  that  it  caused  Grill- 
parzer to  give  up  writing  for  the  stage. 
Isolation  was  his  fate  in  literature  as  in 
life  ;  he  made  no  disciples,  and  founded 
no  school  ;  and  we  doubt  if  even  in  later 
times  his  direct  influence  on  German 
drama  has  been  at  all  considerable. 

Mr.  Pollak  discusses  all  the  twelve 
great  plays,  and  gives  copious  extracts 
from  most  of  them  ;  indeed,  a  good  half 
of  his  volume  is  taken  up  with  translation. 
His  selections  are  well  made,  and  his 
versions  have  a  good  deal  of  merit ;  bis 
diction  is  often  happy,  and  he  generally 
gives  the  sense  of  the  original  faithfully 
and  with  spirit.  His  ear  for  verse,  how- 
ever, is  not  what  it  might  be,  and  the 
rhythm  is  frequently  forced  or  mechanical. 
His  chief  vice  is  a  fondness  for  hideous 
and  entirely  unnecessary  inversion  :    lines 

like 

In  early  childhood  days 
Was  snatched  away  I  from  its  tender  soil, 
or 
And  jret  ne'er  couldst  thy  country  thou  forget, 

seem  to  indicate  that  English  is  not 
his  mother-tongue.  If  this  be  so,  how- 
ever, his  mastery  of  our  language  is  in 
other  respects  remarkable. 


THE   WEEK. 


His  Majesty's. — The  Beloved  Vagabond  : 
a  Play  in  Three  Acts.  By  William  J. 
Locke. 

Mr.   Locke's    '  Beloved   Vagabond '    has 
already  won  him  a  host  of  friends  among 
novel  -  leaders,    and    now    that    Paragot 
has   become   the   hero    of    a    play    that 
number  should  be  vastly  increased.     For 
this    gip.sy    artist,    this    travelling    philo- 
sopher,   this     careless     Bohemian,     this 
scorner  of  the  polite  world  and  its  pro- 
prieties, this  lover  of  the  air  of  heaven 
and  the  open  road,  is  almost  a  new  type 
in  our  theatre.     His  literary  origins  are 
many  ;  he  owes  a  little  to  Murger,  Borrow, 
Dumas,  Stevenson,  and  much  to  Cervantes. 
As  far  as  our  stage  is  concerned  we  saw 
something  like  him  in  '  Le  Chemineau  '  ; 
though  Paragot,  with  his  Gascon  blood, 
has  a  vivacity,  a  swagger,  an  exuberance 
of  wit  and  worldly  wisdom,  not  charac- 
teristic of  M.  Richepin's  poetic  creation. 
It  was  curious  to  notice,  at  the  first  night's 
performance  of  Mr.   Locke's  adaptation, 
how  his  audience  warmed  the  more  to  his 
Gaston    de    Nerac    the    more    the    latter 
approximated    to    the    Paragot    of    the 
novel,   and  proved    himself   the   reckless, 
rhapsodical      vagabond.       It      was      this 
picturesque,  ever  -  changing    Paragot    of 
the  second  act  who   captured   the  spec- 
tators' a  fleet  inns,  and  provoked  the  most 
spontaneous     applause     from      a      house 
always  enthusiastic. 

But,  after  all,  you  cannot  make  a  play 


out  of  the  moods  of  a  single  character, 
however  whimsical  or  versatile  ;  you  must 
weave  a  story  round  that  character ; 
and  here  Mr.  Locke's  difficulties  in 
dramatization  must  have  begun.  In  the 
book  he  held  instinctively  in  the  back- 
ground Paragot' s  more  sentimental  side, 
he  only  gradually  enlightened  his  readers 
as  to  the  romance  of  his  vagabond's  past 
life,  he  kept  in  faint  outline  the  features 
of  the  beautiful  Joanna  from  whom 
Paragot  cut  himself  off  by  a  feat  of 
transcendent  quixotry.  So  the  novelist 
found  himself  able  to  preserve  his  hero  a 
vagabond  to  the  end — to  show  this  loyal 
lover,  after  his  old  sweetheart  has  been 
restored  to  him,  and  when  the  peals  of 
marriage  bells  are  almost  in  the  air, 
chafing  under  the  restrictions  of  English 
country-house  life,  and  preferring  to  make 
Blanquette,  a  plain  peasant  girl  who  has 
shared  his  tramps  and  his  privations,  the 
mother  of  his  children. 

On    the    stage,    however,    you    cannot 
tell  too  much  of  your  tale  in  retrospect ; 
you    must     let    your    public    into    your 
secrets ;    and    so   Mr.    Locke    begins    his 
play  in  the  key  of  romance,  setting  forth 
in  detail  the  history  of  that  preposterous 
bargain     by     which     Gaston     saved    his 
promised    bride    from    disgrace    and    her 
father  from  a  felon's  doom,  but  seemed 
to   surrender   her   to   another   suitor   for 
money.     Having  started  on  this  note,  the 
playwright  was  bound  to  end  his  drama 
according  to  the  rules  of  romance,  which 
do  not  permit  you  to  replace  one  heroine 
by  another.     The  last  act,  therefore,  shows 
us  Joanna,  who  is  free  from  her  odious 
husband,  but  not  yet  aware  of  her  lover's 
chivalry,  visiting  his  rooms  in  Paris,  and 
there  learning  the  truth  from  her  humble 
rival,  Blanquette.     Paragot,  who  has  been 
drowning  his  griefs  in  drink,  is  almost  too 
bemused  at  first  to  grasp  the  meaning  of 
his    "  princess's  "    words ;    but  we   leave 
him  with  the  conviction  that  the  vaga- 
bond  is    chained    and    caged    at    length. 
Mr.    Locke's    play    has    movement    and 
variety  and  colour,  but  it  is  his  portrait 
of  Paragot  in  the  second  act  that  lends  it 
distinction. 

Happily  it  was  just  the  Paragot  of  this 
act  that  Mr.  Tree's  feeling  for  the  bizarre 
and  delight  in  detail  enabled  him 
completely  to  realize.  In  the  opening 
love-scenes  the  actor  was  a  trifle  stilted, 
but  his  Paragot  upon  the  road  is 
the  most  delightful  piece  of  fantastic 
acting  we  have  ever  had  from  Mr.  Tree. 
Other  figures,  except  Miss  Hut  in  Brit  ton's 
full-blooded  Blanquette,  merely  fill  in 
the  picture.  Miss  Evelyn  Millard  does 
her  best  for  the  conventional  part  of 
Joanna;  Mr.  Charles  Quartermaine  makes 
the  heroine's  husband  strikingly  repulsive  ; 
and  Mr.  Leon  M.  Lion  is  good  as  the  hero's 
faithful  squire,  Asticot. 


Queen's. — SHngaree  :     a    Play    in    Four 
Acts.     By  E.  W.  Hornung. 

Ever  since  the  publication  of  Rolf 
Bold rew noil's  'Robbery  under  Anns1 
the  bushranger  has  been  adopted  by  our 
lovers  of  melodrama  as  a  favourite  hero ; 


172 


T  II  E     A  T  II  K  N  M  U  M 


No.  4189,  Feb.  8,  1 


hit     |iif-r!iiinciic<'  is    ohallenged     onlj 

by    tne   gentleman  oraoksman    and    the 

baokwoocu    bravo.  The    instinct    which 

promptfl   tlu-   most  peaceable  of  citizens 

t  •  >  admire  sucli   an  enemy  <>f  society  just 

beoaaae  he  plays  i  game  of  chance  against 

the  world,  with  his  life  as  the  stake,  is 
doubtless  patl  of  that  old  Adam  which 
links  in  all  of  us  ;  but  when  it  is  aroused, 
it  expects  f n  11  satisfaction.  We  are  all 
ready  enough  to  accept  a  bushranger 
as  leading  figure  in  a  play,  hut  his  achieve- 
ments must  be  worthy  of  his  name.  Now 
the  fault  of  '  Stingaree  'Is  that,  while  there 
is  much  rumour  in  it  of  the  bushranger- 
hero's  feats,  he  never  gives  us  our  dues — 
he  talks  far  too  much,  and  does  next  to 
nothing.  Moreover  Mr.  Hornung  has 
endowed  his  outlaw  with  a  weakness — 
a  love  of  music,  more  particularly  vocal 
music — which  does  not  lend  itself  to 
dramatic  possibilities.  The  play  virtu- 
ally opens  with  Stingaree  listening  to 
the  song  of  a  girl,  and  all  his  energies 
seem  to  spend  themselves  in  getting  a 
hearing  for  this  singer  at  a  local  concert, 
and  in  risking  his  life  to  hear  her  himself 
when  she  has  won  a  great  reputation.  His 
greatest  feat  is  to  hold  up  a  roomful  of 
people  at  the  concert,  and  insist  on 
the  heroine's  being  allowed  to  sing  there 
before  a  distinguished  composer ;  but 
the  scene  proves  grotesque  rather  than 
impressive.  His  other  exploit  is  to  break 
out  of  prison  in  order  to  attend  by  hook 
or  crook  the  heroine's  first  grand  Sydney 
concert ;  but  the  motive  does  not  seem 
worthy  of  the  audacity,  and  when  in  the 
nick  of  time  a  "  free  pardon  "  comes  into 
his  hands,  the  device  seems  more  than 
ordinarily  mechanical,  yet  we  are  almost 
glad  to  see  the  last  of  so  disappointing 
an  expert  in  crime.  Mr.  Ainley  is  as 
picturesque  a  personality  and  fervent  a 
lover  as  the  most  sentimental  playgoer 
could  ask  for  in  the  part  of  the  outlaw. 
Miss  Hilda  Antony,  if  she  has  still  much  to 
learn  as  an  actress,  is  a  pretty  enough 
singer,  and  singing  is  one  of  the  chief 
demands  made  upon  the  heroine.  Mr. 
Waring,  Mr.  George,  and  Mr.  Kerr  are 
also  in  the  cast,  but  have  thankless  parts, 
for  the  piece  is  all  Stingaree  and  music. 


Three  Plays  with  Happy  Endings.  By 
St.  John  Hankin.  (Samuel  French.)— 
Though  Mr.  Hankin  belongs  to  the  school 
of  unconventional  playwrights  we  owe  to 
Messrs.  Vedrenne  and  Barker,  he  is  much  less 
of  an  oxtremist  than  some  of  his  colleagues. 
His  technique  is  almost  as  formal  as  Mr. 
Pinero's.  He  is,  indeed,  by  way  of  being 
rather  an  elaborate  plot-maker,  and  his 
comedies  have  generally  the  requirements  of 
the  well-made  play.  Their  unconvention- 
ally consists  only  in  freedom  from  romantic 
illusions.  Mr.  Hankin  paints  middle-class 
respectability  as  the  unconscious  hypocrisy 
it  so  often  is.  He  refuses  to  throw  a  glamour 
round  vice,  but  he  does  not  deny  redeeming 
features  to  the  vicious.  He  can  put  the 
point  of  view  of  the  scamp  and  social  failure, 
and  suggest  that  such  a  man  has  a  case  as 
against  the  world's  successes.  He  can 
make  a  lovable  woman  as  hard  as  iron,  as 
ruthless  and  cunning  as  a  wild  beast,  in  the 
interests  of  the  son  she  idolizes.  Ho  can 
show   us   goodness   that  is  scatter-brained, 


and  moral  Infirmity  thai   has  oharm.     U  i 
in   the  spirit  of  Ins  drama,  oot   its  form, 

1 1 lat  .Mr.  Hankin  pro\  i - .  liim-i-ll  an  inin.\  at  m\ 

1 1 1  -  plays  n  |  i ,   ,  i,i   c  [a  bu     of  oharacfa  r, 

and    their    endings    are    the    victory    of    the 

stronger  character  that  character,  at  any 
rate,    which    knows   what    it    wants,    ifl    I 

hampered   l>.v  scruples,  and   thi  best 

able  to  achieve  its  aims.  Jn  '  The  Return 
of  the  Prodigal,'  tho  young  man  uses  to 
effect  his  knowledge  of  his  father's  and 
brother's  vulnerable  point — their  snobbish- 
ness and  fear  of  their  neighbours1  opinions. 
J  n  '  Tho  Cassilis  Engagement'  .Mrs.  Cassilis 
routs  tho  enemy,  her  son's  undesirable  love, 
with  ridiculous  ease  ;  but  her  triumph  is 
ono  of  character,  and  her  character  is  none 
the  loss  hard  and  relentless  for  its  surface 
softness. 

Mr.  Hankin  apparently  is  indignant  with 
his  critics  because  they  have  not  treated 
'  The  Cassilis  Engagement '  and  his  third 
play,  '  Tho  Charity  that  began  at  Homo,' 
with  due  respect.  But  the  fact  is  that 
neither  comedy  reaches  the  level  of  '  The 
Return  of  the  Prodigal.'  In  '  The  Cassilis 
Engagement '  he  tells  us  that  he,  through 
his  heroine,  is  going  to  adopt  a  certain 
course,  and  adopts  that  course  ;  there  is 
no  element  of  surprise  in  the  play.  In  the 
other  piece  the  characterization  is  not  sharp 
or  clear-cut  enough,  and  the  story  has  no 
strong  central  motive  or  figure.  The  most 
amusing  person  in  the  comedy  is  a  weak- 
natured,  amiable  lady  who  houses  a  colony 
of  undesirable  and  disagreeable  persons  and 
black  sheep  in  the  hope  of  reforming  them 
by  kindness.  Naturally  the  result  is  anarchy 
and  discomfort  ;  but  it  is  not  through  any 
exertion  on  her  part  that  she  is  freed  from 
her  tyrants.  Even  the  scamp  of  the  piece 
has  not  sufficient  force  of  character  to  take 
due  advantage  of  his  hostess's  altruism. 
Still  the  plays  make  entertaining  reading. 
They  are  not  for  those  who  demand  emotional 
experiences  in  drama  ;  but  they  offer  tren- 
chant analysis  of  character,  irony,  and 
humour  and  wonderfully  natural  dialogue. 


To  Correspondents.— H.  G.  F.—  R.  A.  S.— W.  H.  C— 
W.  R.—  Received.    M.  de  G.  V.— R.  H.  M.— Many  thanks. 

No  notice  can  be  taken  of  anonymous  communications. 

We  cannot  undertake  to  reply  to  inquiries  concerning  the 
appearance  of  reviews  of  books. 

We  do  not  undertake  to  give  the  value  of  books,  china, 
pictures,  <tc. 


T 


H     E 


A     T     H     E     N     M     U     M, 


PRICE  THREEPENCE. 


Is  published  every  FRIDAY  in  time  for  the  Afternoon  M:iils.  Terms 
of  Subscription,  free  hv  post  to  :\11  parts  of  the  United  Kingdom  :  For 
Six  Months,  Is.tkl.;  for  Twelve  Months,  15s.  :!</.  For  the  Con 
;uid  all  places  within  the  Postal  Union:  For  Six  Months,  '■'■>:  for 
Twelve  Months,  18s.,  commencing  from  any  date,  payable  in  advance  to 
JOHN  C.  FRANCIS, 

Athenaeum  Office,  Bream's  Buildings,  Chancery  Lane,  London,  E.C 


INDEX  TO  ADVERTISERS. 

— • — 

PACK 

Authors'  Agents       146 

Bell  &  Sons 173 

Catalogues        146 

ClIATTO  <fc  WlNDUS 149 

COLLINGRIDGE 175 

DENT  &  CO 117 

Kni'CATIONAL 145 

Eno's  Fruit  Salt      174 

Exhibitions      145 

Heinemann         175 

Hurst  &  Blackett 150 

Hutchinson  &  Co 17:* 

Insurance  Companies         174 

Lectures 145 

Longmans  &  Co 160 

Macmillan  &  CO 150 

Magazines,  &c 147 

Miscellaneous 146 

Notes  &  Queries       174 

Paul,  Trench  &  Co.           US 

Printers I4<i 

Provident  Institutions 145 

Routledge  &  Sons 175 

Sales  hv  auction 146 

Situations  Vacant 145 

Situations  Wanted 146 

Typewriters,  &c 146 

Ward  &  Lock 176 


MESSRS.   BELLS 

BOOKS. 


JUST  PUBLISHED,  I  vp.  ftfco,  12*  i 

THE    ITINERARY    OF    JOHN 
LELAND 

(In  or  about  the  Years  1535-1543). 

Newly  Edited  from  the  M  - 

By     LUCY     TOUL.MIN     SMITH. 

Vol     II.    Containing    Parts    IV.    and    V. 

With  an  Appendix  of  Extreota  from 

Leland's  Collectanea. 

JUST  PUBLISHED,  crown  Svo,  6*\  net. 

THE    BLACK    DEATH    OF 

1348  and   1349. 

By   the    Right    Rev.    F.    A.   GASQUET,    D.D., 

Abbot  President  of  the  English  Benedictines. 

New  and  Revised  Edition. 

LES    CLASSIQUES    FRANCAIS 
ILLUSTRES. 

Publies  sous  la  direction  de  DANIEL  O'CONNOR. 

Small  crown  8vo,  with  8  Full-Page  Illustrations  in 
Colour  and  29  in  Black  and  White,  5s.  net. 

JUST   PUBLISHED. 

GEORGE  SAND: 
LA    MARE    AU    DIABLE. 

Notice  Analytique  de  C.  A.  SAINTE-BEUVE. 
Illustrations  de  GERTRUDE  LESSE. 

PRE  VIO  USE  Y  ISS  UED. 

GEORGE     SAND: 
LES  MAITRES  SONNEURS. 

Preface    d'EMILE     FAGUET,     de     1'Academie 

Francaise. 

Illustrations  de  M.  V.  WHEELHOUSE. 

Illustrated  Prospectus  on  application. 

HANDBOOKS  OF  THE  GREAT  MASTERS 

IN  PAINTING  AND  SCULPTURE. 

Cheaper  Reissue,  3s.  6d.  net. 

READY  XEXT  WEDNESDAY. 

BRUNELLESCHI.   By  Leader  Scott 
WILKIE.  By  Lord  Ronald  Sutherland- 

GOWER,  M.A. 

GAUDENZIO  FERRARI.    By  Ethel 

HALSEY. 

GERARD  DOU.  By  W.  Martin,  Ph.D. 

Translated  by  CLARA  BELL. 

BOHN'S    LIBRARIES. 

"  The  new  series  of  Bonn's  Libraries,  on  which 
judicious  book-buyers  have  long  learned  to  keep  a 
careful  eye." — Athenaeum. 

3  vols,  small  post  Svo,  Ss.  6d.  each. 

A  HISTORY  OF  THE  POPES.     By 

LEOPOLD  VON  RANKE.  Translated  by 
E.  FOSTER.  New  and  Revised  Edition, 
with  considerable  Additions. 

READY   FEBRUARY    12,    small   post    Svo,   6ft, 

LUCRETIUS.     A  Prose  Translation. 

By  H.  A.  J.  MUNRO.  Reprinted  from  the 
Final  (Fourth)  Edition.  With  BO  Introduc- 
tion by  J.  D.  DUFF,  M.A 


London  :  GEORGE  BELL  &  SONS, 
Y'ork  House,  Portugal  Street.  W.C. 


No.  4189,  Feb.  8,  1908 


THE     ATHENJEUM 


178 


MESSES.    HUTCHINSON    &    CO.'S    NEW    BOOKS 


THIS  DAY 

Per  dita 

A  Romantic  Narrative  of  the  Career  of  the 
beautiful  Mary  Robinson 

By  STANLEY  V.  MAKOWER 

In   cloth   gilt  and   gilt  top,    16s.    net 

Fully  illustrated  with  Portraits 


A  Princess  of  Intrigue 

By  H.  NOEL  WILLIAMS 

In  2  vols. ,  cloth  gilt  and  gilt  top,  24s.  net 

With  32  Full-Page  Illustrations  and  Photogravure 
Frontispieces 

"  Mr.  Williams's  spirited  pages,  where  love  and 
politics,  romance  and  statesmanship  combine  in  a 
tale  of  uncommon  vivacity  and  import.  Madame 
de  Longueville  was  typical  of  her  time,  a  time 
that  is  vividly  pictured  in  this  carefully  arranged 
and  clearly  written  monograph." — Daily  Telegraph 


ON  FEB.  18 

Lady  Jane  Grey  and 
her    Times 

By  I.  A.  TAYLOR 

In  cloth  gilt  and  gilt  top,  16s.  net 

With  17  Illustrations,   including  a   Photogravure 
Frontispiece 


A   POPULAR,    ACCURATE,    AND  CONCISE   WORK 

The    World's    Peoples 

By  Dr.  A.  H.  KEANE 

In  cloth  gilt  and  gilt  top,  6s.  net 
With  270  Illustrations  reproduced  from  original 
Photos  from  Life 
This  is  an  entirely  new  book,  which  comprises  a 
clearly  written  description  of  the  races  of  the 
world,  by  one  of  the  greatest  living  anthropolo- 
gists. The  illustrations  comprise  a  remarkable 
series  of  photographs  from  life,  none  of  which  are 
to  be  found  in  '  The  Living  Races  of  Mankind ' 


THIS   DAY 

The  Love  Letters  of 
Mary   Wollstonecraft 

With    an    Introduction    by     ROGER    INGPEN 
In  cloth  gilt,  3s.  6d.  net 

Beautifully  printed  on  Antique  Paper  and  with 
Photogravure  Portrait 


29th  YEAR  OF  ISSUE 

The    Year's   Art    1908 

Compiled  by  A.  C.  R.  CARTER 
A  concise  Epitome  of  all  matters  relating  to  the 
Arts    of    Painting,     Sculpture,     Engraving,    and 
Architecture,  and  to  Schools  of  Design,  which  have 
occurred  during  the  year  1907,  together  with  infor- 
mation respecting  the  events  of  the  year  1908 
In  cloth,  3s.  6d.  net 
"Absolutely     indispensable     to    all    who    are 
interested    in    art.     It    is,    in   fact,    the    artist's 
Whitaker. " —  Tribune 


"  Told  with  unflagging  interest."— Daily  Telegraph 

Passages  from  the  Past 

By  the  DUKE  OF  ARGYLL 

In  two  handsome  volumes,  cloth,  24s.  net 
With  2  Photogravure  Frontispieces,   numerous 
Illustration?  (many  from  the  Author's  own  Draw- 
ings),  and   several  Facsimile  Letters  from   Cele- 
brated Men 

"  This  is  a  book  which  no  student  of  the  Mid- 
Victorian  Epoch  can  afford  to  miss.  The  book, 
abounding  in  fascinating  stories  of  great  personages, 
is  a  valuable  exposition  of  an  astonishing  varied 
career. " — Daily  Neivs 


Napoleon 

By  Dr.  MAX  LENZ 

In  cloth  gilt  and  gilt  top,  16s.  net 
With  about  50  Portraits  and  other  Illustrations 
printed  on  Art  Paper,   also  with  Maps  and  Fac- 
similes of  Autographs 

"  This  remarkable  book.  One  of  the  most  mas- 
terly studies  of  Napoleon  which  have  appeared  in 
English.  Probably  it  is  the  very  best  book  upon 
the  subject  which  we  have  in  this  country.  It  was 
a  great  tragic  life,  and  it  is  told  by  Dr.  Lenz  in 
the  grand  style  which  it  almost  creates  around  it 
as  an  atmosphere." — Tribune 


THE    LATEST    WORD    ON    THE    MOTOR   CAR 

The  Amateur  Motorist 

By  MAX  PEMBERTON 

In  cloth  gilt  and  gilt  top,  12s.  6d.  net 

With  68   Illustrations,  mostly  from  Photographs 

"  Mr.  Pemberton  unites  with  his  enthusiasm  the 
sure  craftsmanship  of  a  skilled  writer,  with  the 
result  that  every  order  of  mind  can  enjoy  and 
profit  from  the  perusal  of  his  informative  and 
sprightly  pages.  It  is  all  done  with  such  irresistible 
cheerfulness  that  we  forget  how  much  practical 
knowledge  we  are  imbibing  in  the  delight  of  the 
exercise. " — Outlook 


In  the  Strange  South 
Seas 

By  BEATRICE  GRIMSHAW 
In   cloth   gilt   and   gilt   top,    16s.    net 

With  56  Illustrations  on  Art  Paper,  principally 
from  the  Author's  Photographs 

"  The  writing  is  admirable,  virility,  elegance, 
conciseness,  wit,  and  not  a  few  touches  of  pathos 
contributing  to  the  delight  of  the  reader.  There 
is  not  a  chapter  which  may  be  missed  without 
loss  ;  piquant  and  vastly  entertaining  from  cover 
to  cover." — Morning  Post 


BY"  THE  AUTHOR  OF  '  THE  SILKEN  EAST ' 


Mandalay 


And   other   Cities   of  Burma 
By      V.      C.      SCOTT      O'CONNOR 

In  one  handsome  volume,  400  pages,  cloth,  richly 
gilt  and  gilt  top,  21s.  net 
With  8  Coloured  Plates  and  about  200  other 
Illustrations  ;  the  whole  printed  on  Fine-Art  Paper 
"We   have   had   the   pleasure    of    commending 
warmly    Mr.    O'Connor's    fascinating    volume    on 
'  The  Silken  East,'    and  with   equal   pleasure   we 
commend  its  successor  •  Mandalay.'     This  beauti- 
ful book  is  not  the  result  of  mere  travel,  but  of 
long    residence    and    first-hand    study.       It   does 
justice  to  a   subject  that  ought  to  attract  every 
son  of  England  loyal  to  her  Empire." — Globe 


In  Wildest  Africa 


By  C.  G.  SCHILLINGS 

In  2  vols.,  cloth  gilt  and  gilt  top,  24s.  net 

Printed  throughout  on  the  finest  English  Art  Paper 

With  about  300  Illustrations  direct  from  the 

Author's  Flashlight  and  other  Photographs 

"His  book  eclipses  in  interest,  as  well  as  in 
importance,  his  well-known  work  '  With  Flash- 
light and  Rifle,'  which  at  the  time  it  was  published 
we  declared  to  be  the  greatest  triumph  in  photo- 
graphy of  wild  animals  ever  achieved." — Outlook 


HUTCHINSON'S    NEW    6/-    NOVELS 


Sweet  Life 

Irish  Neighbours 

The  Strayings  of  Sandy 


KATHLYN   RHODES 

[Tuesday  next 

JANE  BARLOW 


DOROTHEA   CONYERS 
[Dth  Edition 


And  the  Day  Came 
The  Wolf 

RaOUl,  Gentleman  of  Fortune 


ALBERT   DORRINGTON 

[February  18 

J.   E.   BUCKROSE 

[Immediately 

H.  C.  BAILEY 
[2nd  Edition 


London:    HUTCHINSON  &  CO.    34,  35,  36,  Paternoster  Row 


171 


T  II  K    A  T  II  EN  M  0  M 


No.  1189,  I'  b.  H,  1 


NOTES   AND  QUERIES. 


GENERAL    INDEXES. 


THE  FOLLOWING  ARE  STILL  IN 
STOCK:— 

£      s.      d. 
GENERAL  INDEX, 

FOURTH  SERIES     ..330 

GENERAL  INDEX, 

SIXTH  SERIES         ..060 

GENERAL  INDEX, 

SEVENTH  SERIES  .-060 

GENERAL  INDEX, 

EIGHTH  SERIES      ..060 

For  Copies  by  post  an  additional  Three- 
pence is  charged. 


JOHN  C.  FRANCIS  &  J.  EDWARD  FRANCIS, 
Notes  and  Queries  Office,  Bream's  Buildings,  E.C. 

Insurant*  Companies. 

■VTATIONAL 

pROVIDENT 

INSTITUTION 

FOR 
MUTUAL     LIFE     ASSURANCE. 

Established  1835. 

ASSURANCE    AND    INVESTMENT. 

Write  for  Leaflet  on  net  cost  of  Endowment  Assurances. 
48,  Gracecburch  Street,  London,  E.C. 

Applications  for  Agencies  invited. 

ACCIDENTS  OF  ALL  KINDS,  SICKNESS, 

EMPLOYERS'  LIABILITY,  BURGLARY,  AND 

FIDELITY  GUARANTEE  RISKS 

INSURED  AGAINST  BY  THE 

JJAILWAY  PASSENGERS'  ASSURANCE  CO. 

Capital  (fully  6ub6cribcdl  £1,000,000.         Claims  l>aid  £5,400,000. 


THE     GRAND     CLIMACTERIC. 

'  The  grand   climateric   period   was   fixed    at    63   by    the    classical    author-     in    the     M 

They  woe  not  far  wrong,  except  that  there  is  do  one  year  of  Life  to  which  it  can  be 
strictly  confined. ..  .There  are   present    in   many  poet-climacteric  people 
of    organic    bodily    discomfort    which    are  difficult  to  analyse  and  impossible  to  nam 
They  do   not  amount  to  pain   nor  to   unheppiness,  but    there    El  ething  which 

interferes   with    the    full    enjoyment    of    life    and    which     means    that    the    processes    of 
nutrition  and  the  working  of   the   great  internal  organs  oonnected   with  digestion 
not  done  as  well    as  before  and   no  longer  give  conscious  satisfaction.    This  feeling  i- 
often  connected  with  a  newly-developed  C  instipation   of  the  bowels  and  with   a  diinini 
keenness  of  the  appetite  for  food.' — 'The  Hygiene  of  Mind.'     T.  S.  OloCSTOM. 

ENO'S  'FRUIT  SALT' 

will  he  found  at  this  critical  period  of  life  a  valuable  remedy,  gently  coaxing,  as  it  w 
hy  natural  means,  the  enfeebled  functions  back  to  normal  health  and  activity. 

'Accuse  not  Nature,  She  has  done  her  part,  do  thou  thine.' — Milton. 

'  As  Health  is  such  a  blessing,  and  the  very  source  of  all  pleasure,  it  may  be  worth  the  pains 
to  discover  the  region  where  it  grows,  the  springs  that  feed  it,  the  customs  and  methods  by  which 
it  is  best  cultivated  and  preserved.' — Sir  W.  Temple. 

CAUTION. — Examine  the  capsule,  and  see  that  it  is  marked  ENO'S  'FRUIT  SALT.' 
Without  it  you  have  the  sincer  est  form  of  flattery — IMITATION. 

Prepared  only  by  J.  C.  ENO  (Limited),  'FRUIT  SALT' WORKS,  LONDON,  S.E. 

AUTHORIZED    TO    BE    USED    BY 
BRITISH    SUBJECTS. 


THE      NATIONAL      FLAG, 


BEING 


CORNHILL,  LONDON. 


THE   UNION  JACK. 

COPIES  OF 

NOTES   AND    QUERIES 

FOR  JUNE  30,  1900, 

Can  still  be  had,  Is.  Id.  free  by  post,  containing  an  Account  of  the  Flag,  with 
Coloured  Illustration  according  to  scale. 


JOHN  C.  FRANCIS  and  J.  EDWARD  FRANCIS, 
Notes  and  Queries  Office,  Bream's  Buildings,  Chancery  Lane,  E.C. 


NEARLY    READY. 


NOTES     AND      QUERIES. 

TENTH   SERIES,  VOLUME   VIII. 
JULY    to    DECEMBER,    1907. 


A.  VIAN,  Secretary. 


Price  105.  6d. 


JOHN  C.  FRANCIS  and  J.  EDWARD  FRANCIS, 
Notes  and  Queries  Office,  Bream's  Buildings,  Chancery  Lane,  E.C. 


No.  4189,  Feb.  8,  1908 


THE    ATHENiEUM 


175 


THE 

■t^BOOHaiBHaQBEl 

WORLD'S    HISTORY 

Edited  by  Prof.  HELMOLT. 

With  an  Introductory  Essay  by  the  Right  Hon.  JAMES  BRYCE. 

Magnificently  illustrated  with  Colour-Plates,  Black-and-White  Pictures,  and  Maps. 

8  super-royal  8vo  vols,  cloth,  61.  net ;  half-morocco,  81.  8s.  net. 

*#*  This  monumental  Work  was  written  by  the  greatest  living 
historians,  each  a  specialist  in  his  own  country  on  his  own  period, 
expressly  for  the  Publishers. 

It  is  a  new,  an  up-to-date,  publication,  based  on  original  historical 
and  scientific  research  by  leading  authorities  of  the  day. 

The  fact  must  be  emphasized  that  this  is  NOT  a  mere  compilation 
with  Scissors  and  Paste  from  out-of-date,  dry-as-dust  authorities. 

It  can  be  obtained  on  approval  through  any  Bookseller,  and 
arrangements  can  be  made  for  payment  by  small  monthly  instalments. 

London  :   WM.  HEINEMANN,  21,  Bedford  Street,  W.C. 


JUST  PUBLISHED. 

Demy  8vo,  382  pages,  price  3s.  6d.  net ;  by  post  3s.  10d. 

A    NEW    WORK    BY    ALEX.    C.    SUTHERLAND,    M.A. 

DRAMATIC   ELOCUTION 
AND    ACTION. 

A  Treatise  on  the  Dramatic  Aspect  of  Elocution,  with  a  Collection  of  Authoritative  Opinions 
relating  to  Facial  Expression,  By-Pla}',  Characterization,  and  Emotions,  and  a  Detailed  Examination  of 
Discrimination  and  Transition,  Mingled  and  Masked  Emotions,  &c. 

The  Rules  are  illustrated  by  numerous  Examples,  consisting  of  Vivid  and  Graphic  Passages  selected 
from  Literary  and  Dramatic  Authors  of  a  Genuinely  Artistic  Type. 


W.  H.  &  L.  COLLINGRIDGE,  148  and  149,  Aldersgate  Street,  London,  E.C. 

C  LI  F  FO  rTd'S      I  N 

For  View  of  CLIFFORD'S  INN,  taken  in  1892,  see 

NOTES    AND    QUERIES,  April  2,  1892. 

The  same  Number  also  contains  Sketches  of  the  ROLLS  CHAPEL,  OLD  SERJEANTS' 
INN,  the  GATEWAY,  LINCOLN'S  INN,  <fcc. 

Price  tyd.,  free  by  post,  of 

JOHN  C.  FRANCIS  and  J.  EDWARD  FRANCIS, 
Notes  and  Queries  Oll'ce,  Bream's  Buildings,  Chancery  Lane,  E.C. 


ROUTLEDGES  NEWEST  LIST. 


ASPECTS     OF     GEORGE     MEREDSTH. 

By  RICHARD   H.   P.   CURLE.      With  an   Engraved 

Portrait  after  G.  F.  WAITS,  R.A.    Large  crown  8vo, 

cloth  extra,  6s.  [This  day. 

I.  General  Introduction  to  the  Study  of  Meredith.     II. 

Meredith's  Personality  explained  by  Atmosphere  and  Style. 

III.  Philosophy  of  Nature.    IV.  Lyrical  View  of  Nature. 

V.    Philosophic     Conception     of     Social    Problems.       VI. 

Insight  into  Character.       VII.    On  Tragedy.      VIII.    On 

Death.      IX.  On  Love.      X.  On   Egoism,   Sentimentalism, 

and    their    Relationship.      XL   The   Comic  Spirit.      XII, 

Sense  of  Humour.     XIII.  As  Aphorist  and  Metaphorist. 

XIV.     Eloquence     of    Meredith.       XV.    Last    Words    on 

Criticism  and  Method. 

A  RESIDENT'S  WIFE  IN   NIGERIA.     By 

CONSTANCE  LARYMORE.  With  41  Illustrations 
on  Art  Paper,  and  a  Portrait  of  the  Author.  Svo, 
cloth,  7s.  6d.  net. 

"Miss  Kingsley  has  shown  us  that  a  woman  can  travel 

Mrs.  Larymore  gives  a  further  demonstration  of  the  fact. 

In  Miss  Kingsley's  book  nothing  is  more  striking  thar* 

the  good  humour  of  the  writer ;  Mrs.  Larymore  has  the 
same  fine  gift  of  kindly  optimism.  A  most  engaging  account 
of  her  life  and  experiences  in  Nigeria." — Liverpool  Courier, 
"A  most  entertaining  book.... very  pleasant  and  never 
dull." — Standard.  "  We  have  seldom  read  a  book  of  travels 
with  greater  zest.  It  holds  the  reader's  interest  throughout ; 
the  interest  never  for  one  moment  flags." — Manchester  City 
News.  "  Mrs.  Larymore  seems  to  be  one  of  those  energetic, 
enterprising,  wide-a- wake  women  who  are  beginning  to  be 
the  companions  of  men  who  often  sacrifice  life  and  health 
on  the  outposts  of  the  empire.  "—Country  Life.  "It  is  impos- 
sible to  convey  in  a  review  even  a  glimpse  of  Mrs.  Larymore's 
delightful  character,  the  unstudied  revelation  of  which  is 
the  book's  greatest  attraction."— JForZd.  "  Mrs.  Larymore  is- 
not  only  a  skilled  traveller  in  wild  countries,  but  is  able  to 
describe  her  wanderings  most  graphically  with  pen  and 
camera.  One  of  the  most  enjoyable  books  of  travel  we  have 
seen  of  late."— Globe.     "  A  good  example  of  a  class  of  book 

which  always  attracts  and  pleases  an  Englishman The- 

index  adds  to  the  usefulness  of  this  interesting  book." — 
Spectator.  "  The  book  is  one  which  no  Nigerian,  no  colonial 
man,  no  believer  in  women,  should  miss  reading."— Daily 
Chronicle.  "  Capital  reading  for  those  who  would  know 
something  of  the  conditions  of  life  of  those  responsible  for 
looking  after  the  interests  of  out-of-the-way  portions  of  the 
Empire,  and  also  for  those  who  stay  at  home.  Mrs.  Lary- 
more is  evidently  a  born  traveller." — Daily  Telegraph. 

CHRYSAL;    or,  the  Adventures  of  a 

Guinea.       By    CHARLES    JOHNSTONE.      With    an 
Introduction  by  E.  A.  BAKER,  M.A.     8vo,  buckranv 
6s.  net. 
"  The  work  is  a  curious  hotch-potch  of  picturesque  inci- 
dents and  roughly  a  roman  A  clef  of  the  period  covered  by 
the  Seven  Years'  War  (1757-63).    The  Guinea  acts  as  special 
correspondent,  visiting   the    battlefields  of  Frederick  the 
Great  and  Ferdinand  of    Brunswick,   and  witnesses    the 
execution  of  Byng,  the  capture  of  Minorca,  and  the  military 
operations  in  Canada.     Notes,  short  but  most  useful,  are 
added. 

ARCADIA.      By    Sir    Philip    Sidney. 

With  the  Additions  of  Sir  W.  ALEXANDER  and  R, 

BELLING.     With  an  Introduction  by  E.  A.  BAKER,. 

M.A.     8vo,  buckram,  6s.  net. 

"  A  reprint  of  a  book  which,  in  popular  and  welcome 

form,   '  hath  in  it  excellent  language,  rare  contrivances, 

delectable  stories,  and  all  the  strains  of  poetrv.'  " 

Pall  Mall  Gazette. 
The  above  Two  Books  form  Vols.  XII. -XIII.  of  THE 
LIBRARY  OF  EARLY  NOVELISTS. 

AN  UP-TO-DATE  MACAULAY. 
MACAULAY'S  HISTORY  OF  ENGLAND. 

Edited,  with  copious  Notes,  by  T.  F.  HENDERSON, 
and  a  New  and  very  full  Index.     Large  8vo,  5s.  net. 

ENTIRELY  REVISED  EDITION  (1907),  with  268 
magnificent  Coloured  Figures  and  245  Cuts. 

FLOWERS   OF   THE    FIELD.      By   Rev. 

C.  A.  JOHNS.     Revised  throughout  by  CLARENCE 

ELLIOTT'.  8vo,  7s.  6d.  net. 
"  It  has  been  found  necessary  to  make  many  additions, 
and  the  editor  has  done  so  in  an  admirable  manner.  The 
present-day  naturalist  is  deeply  indebted  to  the  advance 
made  in  illustrating  objects  in  their  proper  colours  ;  this. 
is  where  the  present  edition  is  SO  SUPERIOR  TO  ITS 
PREDECESSORS.  It  is  the  most  comprehensive  and 
useful  book  the  botanist  can  desire." — Standard. 

WILD  BEES,  WASPS,  AND  ANTS,  AND 

OTHER  STINGING  INSECTS.     ){y  K.  SAUNDERS, 

F.R.S.  F.L.S.,  ,tc.     With  Illustrations  and  4  Coloured 

Plates.     3s.  6d. 

A  popular  account  of  the  Hymenoptera  Aculeata,  from 

the  point  of  view  of  the  lover  of  Nature,  by  an  entomologist 

who  has  devoted  himself  to  this  department  of  insect  study. 

OUR     WOODLANDS,      HEATHS,     AND 

HEDGES.  Bj  W.  s.  COLEMAN.  A  New  (reset) 
Edition,  witli  numerous  Illustrations.     Cloth,  1* 

BIRDS  AND  THEIR  NESTS  AND  EGGS, 

found  in  and  near  Great  Towns.  Willi  over  100  fine 
Photos  by  GEORGE  von,  da.  M.B.  In  2  Indepen- 
dent vols,  cloth,  each  1a 

THE    ROMANCE    OF    THE    SKY.       By 

a  J.  GRIFFITH.     Illustrated.    Cloth,  la 
An  admirable   FIRST    INTRODUCTION    TO   ASTRO- 
no.mv  for  Young  Students, 

GEORGE  ROUTLEDGEA  soxs,  Ltd.,  London. 


17(1 


THE    ATHENAEUM 


No.  41811,  Via;.  8    1908 


WARD,   LOCK   &    CO.'S   LIST. 


IMPORTANT    NEW    NOVELS. 

THE  MOTHER.  6s. 

By   EDEN   PHTLLPOTTS. 

Tho  Daily  Telegraph  says  :  -Whatever  may  bo  the  value  of  some  fiction, 
it  will  do  every  in.ui  and  woman  good  to  read  this  book.  Its  perusal 
should  leave  the  reader  in  a  higher  air." 

The  Wettmumster  Gazette  says: — "'The  Mother'  is  one  of  tho  simplest, 
and,  in  our  judgment,  one  of  tho  best  stories  which  Mr.  Phillpotts  has 
written  :   it  is  a  valuable  addition  to  tho  romances  of  Dartmoor." 

Tho  Daily  Ntvot  says: — "Never  before  has  Mr.  Phillpotts  given  us  a 
book  so  good  as  this." 


A   TANGLED   WEB. 


6s. 


By  L.  G.  MOBERLY. 


Miss  Moberly  is  quickly  making  a  big  reputation  for  herself  as  a  writer 
of  strong  emotional  stories,  of  the  kind  that  Rosa  N.  Carey  scored  so  many 
successes  with. 


TINMAN. 


6s. 


By  TOM  GALLON. 


A  story  in  the  vein  which  first  brought  its  author's  name  prominently 
before  the  public,  and  caused  Punch  to  exclaim,  "  Here  's  another  Dickens  !  " 


KADFORD   SHONE. 


6s. 


By   HEADON   HILL. 


A   series  of  adventures  of  a  detective,    who   may   be   sai      to  be  the 
antithesis  of  Sherlock  Holmes. 


CRAVEN   FORTUNE. 


6s. 


By   FRED.    M.    WHITE. 


The  Daily  Telegraph  says  : — "  '  Craven  Fortune  '  is  a  tale  of  extraordinary 
complexity,  ingeniously  conceived,  through  a  series  of  strange  and  thrilling 
situations,  which  command  and  hold  the  reader's  attention  to  the  end." 


FIRST   PERSON 
PARAMOUNT. 


6s. 


By   AMBROSE  PRATT. 

It  is  a  story  of  exciting  incident  on  quite  original  lines. 


DR.  BURTONS  SUCCESS.       6s. 

By  A  C.  GUNTER. 

The  Scotsman  says  : — "  A  characteristic  example  of  the  talent  of  an  able, 
interesting  novelist,  and  is  sure  to  be  widely  read." 


THE  DANCING  LEAVES. 


6s. 


By    GERTRUDE   WARDEN. 


A  highly  dramatic  tale,  having  the  question  of  heredity  as  the  basis  of  a 
strenuous  love-story  of  sensation,  plot,  and  counterplot. 

THE   GILDED   SERPENT.        6s. 

By    DICK   DONOVAN. 

Dick  Donovan  is  well  known  for  his  very  popular  series  of  detective  tales, 
of  which  he  has  written  more  than  fifty.  This  is  a  story  of  love,  vengeance, 
and  poaching. 


MRS.       BEETON'S 

FAMOUS    COOKERY    BOOKS. 

"THE    BEST   COOKERY    BOOKS   IN    THE   WORLD." 

ENTIRELY    NEW    EDITIONS. 


Half-leather,   7s.  6d.   net;   half-calf,  12s.  6d.  net; 
full,  18s.  net. 

MRS.    BEETON'S    HOUSEHOLD 
MANAGEMENT. 

Sir  Arthur  Conan  Doyle,  in  his  great  study  of  married  life  entitled 
'  A  Duet  with  an  Occasional  Chorus,'  makes  his  heroine  say  :  "  Mrs.  Beeton 
must  have  been  the  finest  housekeeper  in  the  world.  Therefore  Mr. 
Beeton  must  have  been  the  happiest  and  most  comfortable  man"; 
and  his  hero  concludes  that  "  this  book  has  more  wisdom  to  the  square 

nchthan  any  work  Of  man" — a  wonderful  testimonial  when  one  remembers 
that  the  last  edition  thus  praised  contains  more  than  80,000  square  inches  of 
closely  packed  information. 

Large  crown  8vo,  strongly  bound,  half-leather,  5s.  net. 

MRS.    BEETON'S    FAMILY 
COOKERY. 

Embracing  a  Complete  Dictionary  of  Cookery,  and  a  Comprehensive 
and  Practical  Guide  to  Domestic  Management.  Comprising  about 
850  pages  of  Letterpress  and  hundreds  of  Illustrations,  and  many 
Coloured  Plates. 


Large  crown  8vo,  cloth  gilt,  3s.  6d.  net. 

MRS.    BEETON'S     EVERY-DAY 
COOKERY. 

Containing  750  pages,  including  instructions  for  all  and  every  kind  of 
Cookery,  &c.     With  numerous  Coloured  Plates  and  other  Illustrations. 


Large  crown  8vo,  cloth  gilt,  2s.  6d.  net. 

MRS.    BEETON'S    ALL    ABOUT 
COOKERY. 

In  Dictionary  form,  containing  2,500  practical  Recipes,  576  pages.     With 
numerous  Coloured  Plates  and  other  Illustrations. 


Large  crown  8vo,  cloth,  1s. 

MRS.  BEETON'S  SHILLING 
COOKERY. 

Enlarged  Edition,  greatly  improved  ;  containing  upwards  of  1,000 
Receipts,  nearly  200  Pino  Illustrations,  and  5  Coloured  Plates,  beautifully 
produced,  far  ahead  of  anything  hitherto  attempted,  Marketing,  Vegetarian 
Cookery,  Menus,  Table  Arrangement,  Trussing,  Carving,  &c. ,  with  Quantities, 
Time,  Cost,  and  Seasons. 


WARD,   LOCK    &   CO.,    Limited,    Salisbury   Square,    London,    E.C. 


Editorial  Communications  should  be  addressed  to  "THE  EDITOR"— Advertisements  and  Business  Letters  to  "THE  PUBLISHERS'— at  the  Office,  Bream's  Buildings,  Chancery  Lane.  E.C. 
Published  Weekly  l.j  JOHN  C.  FRANCIS  and  J.  EDWARD  FRANCIS  at  Bream's  Buildings.  Chancery  Lone,  E.C,  and  Printed  hy  J.  EDWARD  FRANCIS.  Athcnamm  Press.  Bream's  Buil.:: 

Agents  for  Scotland,  Messrs.  BELL  &  BRADFUTE  and  Mr.  JOHN  MENZIES,  Edinburgh.— Saturday,  Februarys.  1908. 


THE  ATHEN^UM 


No.  4190. 


SATURDAY,   FEBRUARY  15,  1908. 


PRICE 
THREEPENCE. 

REGISTERED  AS  A  NEWSPAPER. 


%QZltlUZ. 


BRITISH  ARCHAEOLOGICAL  ASSOCIA- 
TION, 32,  SACKVILLE  STREET.— February  19,  at  8.  'John 
Halle,  Merchant  and  Mayor  of  Salisbury  in  the  Fifteenth  Century,' 
by  Mrs.  COLLIER. 

NEILSON  CLIFT,  Hon.  Sec. 

ROYAL     HISTORICAL     SOCIETY. 
(Incorporated  by  Royal  Charter.) 
The  ANNIVERSARY  MEETING  of  the  SOCIETY  will  be  held  on 
THDR8DAY,  February  20,  at  7.  SOUTH  SQUARE,  GRAY'S  INN, 
W.C.,  at  5  p.m.,  when  the  PRESIDENT  will  deliver  an  ADDRESS. 

H.  E.  MALDEN,  Hon.  Sec. 

THE  FOLK-LORE  SOCIETY. —The  NEXT 
MEETING  will  be  held  at  22.  ALBEMARLE  STREET, 
PICCADILLY,  on  WEDNESDAY.  February  19,  at  8  p.m.,  when  a 
Lecture,  entitled  '  The  Morning  Star  Ceremony  of  the  Pownee '  (illus- 
trated by  Lantern  Slides),  will  be  delivered  by  Dr.  A.  C.  HADDON. 

F.  A.  MILNE,  Secretary. 
11,  Old  Square,  Lincoln's  Inn,  W.C. 


(Exhibitions. 


ROYAL     ACADEMY     OF     ARTS. 
WINTER    EXHIBITION. 
Work  by  Old  Masters  and  Deceased  Masters  of  the  British  School, 
including  Special  Collections  of  Pictures  by  Hogarth  and  the  late 
J.  C.  Hook,  R.A. 

Open  from  9  a.m.  to  6  p.m.  Admission  Is.   Catalogue  6d.   Season 
Ticket  58. 


a    P    A    N    I    S    H 

A    R    T 

ri     A    L    L    E     R    Y, 
50,     CONDUIT    STREET,    LONDON,    W. 

ART    DEALERS    AND    IMPORTERS 
OF    ANTIQUITIES     FROM     SPAIN. 

Antique  Embroideries,  Brocades, 
Velvets,  Persian  Rugs,  Armour, 
Furniture,  Gothic  Pictures, 
China,      Silver,      Enamels,     <fce. 

RARE      MUSEUM      OBJECTS. 


M 


ODERN 


SPANISH 

8ee  page  179. 


PAINTING. 


flstmrattottttL 

■Vf ERCHANT   TAYLORS'   SCHOOL,   Charter- 

1.TJL  house  8quare,  E.C.— FIVE  ENTRANCE  SCHOLARSHIPS 
for  BOYS  under  14  rears  of  age  on  June  11.  1908,  will  lie  competed  for 
rai  JUNK. 'in  and  JULY  1.  2.  An  ORDINARY  ENTRANCE  EXA- 
MINATION will  be  held  on  APRIL  8,  at  1.30  p.m.— For  particulars 
npply  to  THE  SEI  RETARY 

BEDFORD       COLLEGE      FOR       WOMEN. 
IUNIVERSITY    OF    LONDON.) 
YORK    PLACE.    BAKER    STREET.    LONDON,    W. 
Principal.  Miss  II.  J.  TUKE,  M.A. 
The  HALT-THRU   BEGINS  OS  THURSDAY,  February  20. 
[isoturei  are  (riven  In  preparation  for  all    Examinations  of  the 
University  of  London  in  Arts.  Science,  and  Preliminary  Medicine, 
for  the  Teachers  Diploma  (f/mdon).  and  for  the  Teachera1  Certificate 
bridge),   and   for   the  Cambridge    Higher    Loral    Examination. 
Entrance  Scholarships     8pecial  Course  of  Scientific  Instruction  in 
tie  recognized  by  the  Sanitary  Inspectors'  Examination  Board. 
si*  Laboratories  are  open  to  Students  for  Practical  Work. 
A  Single  Course  in  any  Subject  may  be  attended. 
Regular  Physical  Instruction  is  givn,  free  of  cost,  to  Students  who 
desire  it.  by  a  fully  qualified  Woman  Teacher, 
Students  can  reside  in  t hi-  I'olloge. 
Full  particulars  <>n  application  to  the  Principal 

DEPARTMENT  FOR  PROFESSIONAL  TRAINING  IN 

TEACHING. 

Head  of  the  Department,  Miss  MARY  MORTON,  M.A. 

Student*  are  admitted  to  the  Training  Course  in  OCTOBER  and 

JANUARY      Entrance  Scholarships.    Applications  should  be  scut  to 

the  Head  of  the  Department. 


THE     LONDON     HOSPITAL     MEDICAL 
COLLEGE . 
(UNIVERSITY  OF  LONDON.) 
PRELIMINARY  SCIENTIFIC  EXAMINATION. 
Special  arrangements  are  made  to  suit  the  convenience  of  Students 
who  have  just  passed  the  Matriculation  Examination  of  the  University 
of  London,  and  who  are  anxious  to  commence  studying  for  the  above 
Examination  without  loss  of  time. 

Students  Matriculating  in  January  may  thus  enter  at  once  without 
any  break  in  their  Studies,  so  that  they  may  be  able  to  present  them- 
selves for  the  Preliminary  Scientific  Examination  at  the  earliest 
possible  date. 

Zoology  and  Botany.  By  G.  P.  MUDGE,  A.R.C.S.  F.Z.S.,  and  R.  A. 
BUDDlCOM,  B.A.Oxou. 

Chemistry  and  Physics.    By  HUGH  CANDY,  B.A.  B.Sc.Lond..  and 
O.  W.  GRIFFITHS.  B.Sc.Lond. 
Fee  for  the  whole  Course,  Ten  Guineas. 

MUNRO  SCOTT,  Warden. 
Turner  Street,  Mile  End,  E. 

THE  DOWNS  SCHOOL,  SEAFORD,  SUSSEX. 
Head  Mistress— Miss  LUCY  ROBINSON,  M.A.  (late  Second  Mis- 
tress St.  Felix  School,  Southwold).  References :  The  Principal  of 
Bedford  College,  London  ;  The  Master  of  Peterhouse,  Cambridge. 

EDUCATION. 
Parents  or  Guardians  desiring  accurate  information  relative  to 
the  CHOICE  of  SCHOOLS  for  BOYS  or  GIRLS  or 
TUTORS  in  England  or  Abroad 
are  invited  to  call  upon  or  send  fully  detailed  particulars  to 
MESSRS.  GABBITAS,  THRING  &  CO., 
who  for  more  than  thirty  years  have  been  closely  in  touch  with  the 
leading  Educational  Establishments. 

Advice,  free  of  charge,  is  given  by  Mr.  THRING,  Nephew  of  the 
late  Head  Master  of  Uppingham,  36,  Sackville  Street,  London,  W. 


T 


HE 


Situations  tTacant 

UNIVERSITY       OF       SHEFFIELD. 


APPOINTMENT  OF  DEMONSTRATOR  IN  BOTANY. 

The  COUNCIL  are  about  to  appoint  a  DEMONSTRATOR  in 
BOTANY.    Salary  150!.  per  annum. 

Applications  should  be  made  to  the  undersigned,  from  whom 
further  particulars  may  be  obtained,  not  later  than  FEBRUARY  22, 
1908.  W.  M.  GIBBONS,  Registrar. 


u 


NIVERSITY 


OF 


WALES. 


MATRICULATION  EXAMINERSHIP  IN  CHEMISTRY. 

Appointment  to  the  above  EXAMINERSHIP  for  1908  wiU  be 
short'y  made. 

Applications  should  be  sent  on  or  before  MARCH  11  to  the 
REGISTRAR.  University  Registry,  Cathays  Park,  Cardiff,  from 
whom  further  particulars  may  be  obtained. 


UNIVERSITY       OF       SHEFFIELD. 


rPHE 

APPOINTMENT  OF  LECTURER  IN  GEOGRAPHY. 
The    COUNCIL   are    about   to  appoint  a  LECTURER   in   GEO- 
GRAPHY.   Applications  to  be  sent  in  by  MARCH  14, 1908.— Further 
particulars  may  be  obtained  from 

W.  M.  GIBBONS,  Registrar. 

rilTY      AND     COUNTY       BOROUGH       OF 

\J  BELFAST. 

The  LIBRARY  and  TECHNICAL  INSTRUCTION  COMMITTEE 
invite  applications  for  the  position  of  LECTURER  in  MATHE- 
MATICS (to  specialize  in  Practical  Mathematics) at  the  MUNICIPAL 
TECHNICAL  INSTITUTE.  BELFAST.     Salary  140*.  per  annum. 

Particulars  of  the  duties  and  conditions  of  appointment  may  be 
obtained  from  the  undersigned,  with  whom  applications,  on  the 
Special  Forms  provided  for  the  purpose,  must  be  lodged  not  later 
than  Noon  on  WEDNESDAY,  February  19.  1908. 

Canvassing  will  be  held  to  disqualify  a  Candidate. 

FRAS.  C.  FORTH,  Principal. 

Municipal  Technical  Institute,  Belfast. 

TTNIVERSITY  COLLEGE  OF  SOUTH  WALES 

U  AND  MONMOUTHSHIRE, 

COLEG  PRIFATHROFAOL  DEHEUDIR  CYMRU  A  MYNWY, 
CAERDYDD. 

The  COUNCIL  of  the  COLLEGE  invites  application  for  the  post  of 
PROFESSOR  of  GREEK,  at  the  annual  Salary  of  3501. 

Further  particulars  may  be  obtained  from  the  undersigned,  to 
whom  applications,  with  Testimonials,  should  be  sent  on  or  before 
SATURDAY,  May  2,  1908. 

J.  AUSTIN  JENKINS,  B.A.,  Registrar. 

February  7, 1908. 

THE   ROYAL  AGRICULTURAL    COLLEGE, 
CIRENCESTER. 
A   NEW   PRINCIPAL  of  the  COLLEGE  is  REQUIRED  at  the 
END  of  the  ENSUING    SUMMER    TERM   in   consequence  of  the 
retirement  from  that  date  of  the  Rev.  J.  B.  HcClellan,  M.A. 

Fidl  particulars  may  be  obtained  from  E.  B.  HAYGARTn. 
Cirencester,  and  all  applications  must  be  received  by  him  before 
MARCH  1  NEXT. 

WIRKSWORTH    GRAMMAR     SCHOOL, 
DERBYSHIRE. 

APPOINTMENT    OF    HEAD    MASTER. 

The  GOVERNORS  invite  applications  for  the  HEAD-MASTER- 
SHIP of  the  above  SCHOOL,  to  be  conducted  as  a  en  durational 
Si  i l  for  Boys  and  Girls,  which  will  be  vacant  In  JULY. 

Candidates  must  be  between  38  and  45,  and  Graduates  of  some 
University  In  the  United  Kingdom 

Salary  MOL  per  annum,  with  House  adapted  for  Boarders,  and 
Capitation  Grant. 

There  is  a  small  Pupil  Teachers'  Centre  attached  to  the  School. 
u  ^hu'  prohibited,  and  will  disqualify. 

Particulars  may  be  obtained  by  letter  to  the  undersigned,  to  whom 
Candidates  are  requested  to  send  in  their  application*,  with  ooples  of 
not 'more  than  three  Testimonials  of  recent  date,  maikcd  "Head- 
Mastership, "  on  or  before  MARCH  28.  1908. 

ARTHUR  J.  MAUSDEN,  Clerk  to  the  Governors. 

Market  Place,  Wirksworth. 


Yearly  Subscription,  free  by  post,  Inland, 
15s.  3d. ;  Foreign,  18s.  Entered  at  the  New 
York  Post  Office  as  Second  Class  matter. 

WELLS  ENDOWED  SECONDARY  SCHOOL. 
Under  Board  of  Education  and  Local  Education  Authority. 

A  VACANCY',  through  promotion,  has  occurred  in  the  HEAD- 
MASTERSHIP  of  this  SCHOOL,  and  the  GOVERNORS  invite 
applications  for  the  post.  It  is  a  Pupil-Teacher  Centre,  and  receives 
County  Scholars  and  Bursars. 

Head  Master  mu6t  be  a  Graduate  of  a  University,  and  of  some 
experience  in  organizing  and  developing  the  varied  work  of  such  a 
School. 

There  are  excellent  Chemical  and  Physical  Laboratories  attached. 

Stipend  100'.,  and  35f.  allowance  for  a  House  (in  case  of  demolition 
of  present  Masters  House  as  proposed),  and  a  Capitation  Grant  of 
1(.  10s.  for  Boys,  and  1!.  for  Pupil-Teachers  (Boys  and  Girls).  There 
are  at  present  83  Boys  and  35  Pupil-Teachere. 

For  Application  Forms  and  further  information  apply  to  Mr.  W.  J. 
IIIPPISLEY,  Secretary  to  the  Governors  of  the  Blue  Schools,  Wells, 
Somerset. 


WALLASEY    HIGH 


SCHOOL  FOR  GIRLS. 


The  GOVERNING  BODY  of  the  above  SCHOOL  are  about  to 
proceed  to  the  appointment  of  a  HEAD  MISTRESS,  to  take  up  her 
duties,  if  possible,  on  the  EXPIRATION  OF  THE  CURRENT 
TERM,  or  at  the  latest  in  SEPTEMBER  NEXT.  Every  Candidate 
must  be  a  Graduate,  or  qualified  by  Examination  to  be  a  Graduate, 
of  some  University  in  Great  Britain  or  Ireland.  The  Salary  attaching 
to  the  post  is  200i.  per  annum  fixed  stipend,  with  11.  Capitation  Fee 
on  all  Pupils— excepting  those  iu  the  Kindergarten— in  respect  of 
which  the  Capitation  Fee  is  10s.  The  present  number  of  Scholars  is 
192.  New  and  considerably  enlarged  Premises  are  now  in  course  of 
erection. 

Applications,  with  copies  of  three  recent  Testimonials,  to  be  sent 
before  MARCH  15  NEXT,  to 

Mr.  F.  W.  M.  WILSON,  Clerk  to  the  Governors. 

8,  Cook  Street,  Liverpool. 


c 


OUNTY      OF      LONDON. 


The  LONDON  COUNTY  COUNCIL  invites  applications  for  the 
post  of  HEAD  MISTRESS  of  the  CHELSEA  SECONDARY 
SCHOOL  for  GIRLS,  HORTENSIA  ROAD.  CHELSEA,  in  which 
will  be  incorporated  the  Secondary  Girls'  School  of  the  South- 
western Polytechnic.  The  School  will  open  in  SEPTEMBER,  1908, 
when  there  will  probably  he  over  300  Girls. 

The  Salary  attaching  to  the  post  will  commence  at  4007.  a  year,  and 
will  rise  by  annual  increments  of  201.  to  a  maximum  of  600J.  a  year. 

Applications  should  be  made  on  the  Official  Form,  to  be  obtained, 
together  with  particulars  of  the  appointment,  from  the  Clerk  of  the 
Council,  L.C.C.  Education  Offices,  Victoria  Embankment,  W.C,  to 
whom  they  must  lie  returned  not  later  than  11  a.m.,  on  Monday, 
March  16,  1908,  accompanied  by  copies  of  three  Testimonials  of  recent 
date. 

If  a  written  application  is  made  for  a  Form,  it  must  be  marked 
outside  "Application  for  Form  for  Appointment,  Head  Mistress, 
Secondary  School,"  and  must  be  accompanied  by  a  stamped  and 
addressed  envelope. 

Canvassing,  either  directly  or  indirectly,  will  be  held  to  be  a  dis- 
qualification for  employment. 

Full  particulars  of  appointments  iu  the  Council's  service  are  given 
in  the  London  County  Council  Gazette,  which  is  published  weekly,  and 
can  be  obtained  from  the  Council's  Publishers,  Messrs.  P.  S.  King  & 
Son,  2  and  4.  Great  Smith  Street,  Westminster,  S.  W.,  price  lincluding 
postage),  lid.  an  issue,  or,  for  the  year,  a  prepaid  subscription  of 
6s.  fxf. 

G.  L.  GOMME,  Clerk  of  the  London  County  Council. 

Education  Offices,  Victoria  Embankment,  W.C. 
February  5,  190S. 


C 


ITY   OF   LIVERPOOL. 


EDUCATION  COMMITTEE. 
SECONDARY  SCHOOL  FOR  GIRLS,  AIGBURTH  VALE. 
APPOINTMENT  OF  HEAD  MISTRESS. 
The  LIVERPOOL    EDUCATION    COMMITTEE    invites  applica- 
tions for  the  appointmeut  of  HEAD  MISTRESS  of  the  AIGBURTH 
VALE    SECONDARY    SCHOOL     FOR     GIRLS,  a    New   School    in 
course  of  erection,  which  will  be  opened  for  the  reception  of  Pupils 
in  SEPTEMBER  NEXT. 

The  Head  Mistress  must  have  bad  experience  in  the  work  of 
Secondary  Schools.    The  Salary  has  been  fixed  at  400?,  a  year. 

Application  must  be  made,  on  or  before  FEBRUARY  18,  1 90S,  on 
Forms  which,  together  with  full  information  as  to  the  appointment, 
may  be  obtained  on  application  to  the  undersigned. 

JAMES  G.  LEGGE.  Director  of  Education. 
Education  office,  14.  Sir  Thomas  Street,  Liverpool, 
January  23,  1903. 

/BOUNTY  BOROUGH  OF  SUNDERLAND. 

PUBLIC  LIBRARY,  MUSEUM.  AND  ART  GALLERY. 

The  CORPORATION  arc  about  to  appoint  TWO  ASSISTANT 
Id  lilt  ARIA  NS  to  assist  in  the  Organization  of  Three  Branch 
Libraries.  Applicants  must  produce  proof  of  rood  education  and  a 
thorough  training  of  at  least  live  years  in  Public  Library  Work, 
which  is  to  include  a  practical  knowledge  of  the  Dewey  System  of 
Classification,  and  of  Cataloguing  in  English,  Latin,  and  French. 

Assistants  are  required  to  take  the  Library  Association  Corre- 
Bpondenoe  Classes, 

Commencing  Salary  Sol  per  annum. 

Canvassing  Members  of  the  Committee  or  of  the  Council,  directly 
or  indirectly,  is  strictly  prohibited,  and  will  be  held  a  disqualification 
for  appointment. 

Subject  to  satisfactory  ability  being  shown,  one  of  the  jiersons 
appointed  will  lie  eligible  for  promotion  to  the  Branch  Librariansliip 
of  the  third  Branch,  when  opened.  The  Salary  of  the  latter  position 
will  commence  at  tool,  per  annum,  rising  at  the  end  of  two  years  (a 
in,; .  ami  two  years  thereafter  to  not  per  annum 

The  other  person  appointed  will  be  eligible  for  promotion  on  the 
Centra]  Staff  t"  the  position  of  Second  Senior,  at  a  Salary  of  80?.  i>er 
annum,  with  three  annual  Increments  of  m.  eaoD 

Applications,  in  Candidates'  own  handwriting,  stating  ago,  expert* 
anOS     and     qualifications,     together     with     Copies     of     three     i 

Testimonials  (which  will  not  be  returned),  marked  "Libi.nv 
Assistant,"  must  be  delivered  not  later  than  19.  o'clock  noon  on  the 
24th  .lav  of  FEBRUARY  Instant  at  mv  office  In  tins  Hall, 

(Signedl  FKAS.  M.  BOWKY,  Town  Clerk. 
Town  Hall,  Sunderland,  Feb.  12,  IBM. 


ITS 


T  II  E     A  Til  KN7KUM 


No.  H! hi.  Feb.  15,  l 


AHEAD  M  VSTER  «■!!  bo  REQUIRED  NEXT 
I1KATII  GRAMMAR  SCHOOL   II  \IATA  \ 
8,1.,,   4-<.(     oitl,    1  in.   »itli  ""l  ">■■<>■   <>">■'    three 

M    U«<    li 
,,l.    I      Mull. ..11   If.. ad.    II  .1I1I..1 


Situations  ttattteo. 

SECRETARY      (I.ulv)      DESIRES      P08T      to 

k3                                  I            117     Man.  or     Ml'        Skill.. I    OoTTWpODdait, 

Krmr.  1.    Commute*   »..rk.     B<  I  a  I  -  i  leni  ■••       I  in 

I                                                   Box  Alii,  nvviiii   l'n-Ms.   13,    Bream » 
Buildings,  I  h  .i"  erj  Lane,  K  .0. 

WELL-EDUCATED  YOUNG  MAN  of  Literary 
nuiitv.  sh.ntii  ni.l  Tv].i-i.  dadiM  POST  with  I.it.rarv  M"'  « 
other,  »i  moderate  Salary— Write   Ilox  7.M4,  Judd's.  ft.  Queen  Victoria 
t:  C 

TO    INVALIDS     and     OTHERS.  --  YOUNG 
GENTLEMAN  dadra*  ENGAGEMENTS  lErentngi  preferred', 
READER  to  the  BUND  and  INVAI.lHK.Ii.      First 

for   Elocution.  —  Box   i:>it.   Athenaeum    Press,    13.    Bream's 
Bafldingt,  chancery  l..ne.  E.c. 


/Histtllniuons. 


PRIVATE  TOURS  fur  CENTLEWOMEN  — 
ITAI.V.  One  Month,  FERKUAltY  -v.  Miss  BISHOP  lias 
VAl  AM  IKS  for  TWO  MoKK  only.  Rome,  Naples.  Florence,  Venice. 
fcc— T,  St.  Georges  Road.  Kilburn.  N.W. 

TO  PUBLISHERS.— NOTED  AUTHOR,  in 
urgent  dlfflonlty  rt  Foreclosed  Mortgage,  wants  2.000?.  IMME- 
DIATE (ASH  Would  give  MSS.  of  Two  Long  Stories  an.l  next 
Two  Years'  Work,  or  come  to  any  other  arrangement.  Only  liona 
fide  replies  considered.  —  Address,  Box  IMS,  Athenaeum  Press, 
13,  Dream's  Buildings,  London,  K.C 

LITERARY  RESEARCH  WORK  WANTED  ; 
also  Cataloguing  or  Indexing.    Prompt  attention  given.— R., 
64,  Stermlale  Road,  Hammersmith. 

TO  AUTHORS  and  publishers.—  INDEXING, 
Technical.  Scientific,  and  General,  carefully  undertaken  hy 
Miss  JAMES  and  Miss  F.  BEALES— Excellent  references.— Care  of 
Richardson  4  Co.,  25,  Suffolk  Street.  Pall  Mall  East,  B.W. 

•\rOR,THERN     NEWSPAPER     SYNDICATE, 

1>  Kendal.  SUPPLIES  EDITORS  with  LITERARY  MATTER, 
and  invites  Authors  to  submit  MSS.  of  Serials.  Short  Stories,  and 
Articles.  Proposals  for  Serial  Use  of  all  high-class  Literary  Matter 
receive  careful  and  prompt  consideration.  Telegraphic  Address, 
"Syndicate,  Kendal." 

QUARTERLY   REVIEW.— COMPLETE    SET 
FOR  SALE.    Offers.— H.  H.  GRATTAN,  17,  Borough,  S.E. 

AN  AMATEUR  COLLECTOR  is  obliged  to 
PART  with  a  number  of  his  BOOKS,  chiefly  English  Classics. 
Some  contain  interesting_  Autograph  Signatures  and  Inscriptions. 
Alxmt  Fifty  are  First  Editions.  A  MS.  List  will  be  sent  on  loan,  on 
receipt  of  penny  stamp,  to  bona  fide  Buyers.  No  Dealers. — Write  to 
Mr.  HERBERT,  24,  Great  Tower  Street,  E.C. 


TYPE- WRITING.— The  WEST  KENSINGTON 
OFFICES.  Authors'  MSS..  Translations,  4c.  Legal  and  General 
Copying.  Circulars,  4c,  Duplicated.  Usual  terms.  References, 
Established  fifteen  Tears.— SIKES  4  8IKES,  229,  Hammersmith 
Road,  W.    (Private  address:  13,  Wolverton  Gardens.  Hammersmith.) 


TYPE-WRITING.— NOVELS,  PLAYS, 
SERMONS,  and  other  MSS.  Accurate  work.  Short  Articles 
by  return  of  post.  Carbon  Copies.  Duplicating  Circulars.  4c.  Legal 
and  General  Copying.— For  terms  apply  H.  T.  HOW,  43,  Page  Street, 
Westminster,  S.W. 


TYPE-WRITING  undertaken  by  highly  educated 
Women  (Classical  Tripos;  Cambridge  Higher  Local;  Modern 
Languages).  Research,  Revision,  Translation.  Shorthand.  Dictation 
Rooni.-THE  CAMBRIDGE  TYPE-WRITING  AGENCY,  10,  Duke 
Street,  Adelphi,  W.C. 

AUTHORS'  MSS. ,  NOVELS,  STORIES,  PLAYS, 
ESSAYS  TYPE-WRITTEN  with  complete  accuracy,  9d.  per 
1,000  words.  Clear  Carbon  Copies  guaranteed.  References  to  well- 
known  Writers— M.  STUART.  Allendale.  Kymberley  Road.  Harrow. 

TYPE-WRITING,  M.  per  1,000  words.  All 
kinds  of  MSS.,  Stories,  Plays.  Novels,  4c„  accurately  TYPED. 
Clear  Carbon  Copies,  3d.  per  1.000.  References  to  well-known  Authors. 
Oxford  Higher  Local.— M.  KING,  24,  Forest  Road,  Kew  Gardens.  S.W. 


Catalogues. 


WOODCUTS,  EARLY  BOOKS.  MSS..  Ac. 

LEIGHTON'S  ILLUSTRATED  CATALOGUE, 
Containing  l.S.TO  Facsimiles. 
Thick  8vo,  art  cloth,  2os. ;  half-morocco,  30s. 
Part  XIII.,    Oal—  Chrys,   with   104   Facsimiles,  including  Berners's 
Froissart,   Cambridge    Bindings,    Capgrave,    1018,   Oepio,   1477,    and  a 
large  collection  of  Early  Chronicles.  [Kov:  ready.    PriceVi. 

J.  4  J.  LEIGHTON, 
40,  Brewer  Street,  Golden  8quare,  London,  W. 


ANCIENT  and  MODERN  COINS.— Collectors 
and  Antiquarians  are  invited  to  apply  to  SPINK  4  SON, 
Limited,  for  Specimen  Cony  (gratis]  of  their  NUMISMATIC  CIRCU- 
LAR, 'I  he  finest  Greek,  Roman,  and  English  Coins  on  View  and  for 
Bale  at  Moderate  Prices.— SPINK  &  80N.  I.imitkd,  Expert*,  Valuers 
and  Cataloguer!,  16,  17,  and  18,  Piccadilly,  Loudon,  W.  Established 
upwards  of  a  Century. 

EIRST  EDITIONS  of  MODERN  AUTHORS, 
including  Dickens.  Tliark.  rav,  Level  Ainsworth;  Books  illus- 
trated by  (i.  nn.l  li.  Cruikshank.  Phiz.  Rowlandaon.  Leech,  4c.  The 
largest  and  choicest  Collection  offered  for  Sale  in  the  World.  CATA- 
LOGUES issued  and  sent  iiost  free  on  application.  Books  Bought  — 
WALTER  T.  SPENCER.  27,  New  Oxford  Street.  London,  W.C. 


ii.  ii    ri.v  ii. 

.T7.  Bel  II  i.xland. 

roareti  that,  owing  to  THf"*H  '"  health,  be  i»  ruing  up  the  Ami 

•I uar  inn  Bool  Buslnea*  earrled  on  at  the  above  a-l-lie*.  met  take*  i  Li. 
opportunity  .•!  thankiun  tl 

I  r,«l. tins'  insllil)  of   Early 

Printing,  >•.  Ae  , 

has  lki.n  pi  in  ii  un  n 

P.M.  15    A     R    N    A     R     I),         MA. 

•  IfoRnarlj  I  i...i«r  of  ObrU  <■  i  oUeaa,  <  ambridgei, 

i",  liUM.KV  BOAD  [oppoeUe Um Open BoueJ, 

TIN  bridge  h  Kl.l.s,  ENGLAND. 
P,  U     II  UtN'AKD  will  I*- glu.l  tocje.  ule  i>id.r«  fiom  any  of  II     II 
PEACH'S  0ATALOGUE8 

JU8T  I88UEI). 

PEACH    CATALOGUE    No.  28.      Manuscripts, 

Incunabula.  Lbv,   Miscellaneous  Books,  comprising  many  recent 
Purchases  from  Important  Collections. 

P.  M.   BARNARD  HAS  RECENTLY  ISSUED  :- 

18.  BOOKS     on     KENT  —  Historical    Tracts— 

Americana. 

19.  MISCELLANEOUS  BOOKS,  including  Occult 

and  Old  Science. 

IN  PREPARATION. 

20.  INCUNABULA— Aldine  Press— Bibliography. 

P.  H.  BARNARD  is  prepared  to  undertake  the  formation  of  Libraries 
or  Collections  on  Special  Subjects. 

Special  attention  given  to  INCUNABULA.  EARLY  WOODCUTS,  and 
interesting  out-of-the-way  Books  of  all  sorts, 

T3ETER  P       E       N       N, 

JL  27  EBURY  STREET  27 

is  selling 
EARLY  EDITIONS  of  DICKENS  and  THACKERAY, 
and  FINE  ENGRAVINGS. 


RAYSON'S    BOOK    COMPENDIUM. 
Contains  Hooks  of  varied  Character  to  suit  all  tastes.     Includes 
many  from  the  dispersed  Libraries  of  the  late  Lord  Brampton,  Lord 
and  Lady  Warwick,  and  other  eminent  previous  Owners. 
No.  1  now  ready,  post  free  to  applicants. 
K.  RAYSON  (Book  Reporter),  90,  High  Road,  thiswick,  "W. 
Rooks  on  Special  Subjects  quickly  reported. 


c 


JUST  ISSUED. 

ATALOGUE 


(No.      235) 


RAKE    BOOKS    ON    TOPOGRAPHY    OF    GREAT    BRITAIN 

AND  IRELAND,  HERALDRY,  FOREIGN  VOYAGES 

AND  TRAVELS,  NATURAL  HISTORY. 

ON   SALE   BY 

M  A  G  G  S         BROS., 

Dealers  in  Fine  and  Rare  Books,  Prints  and  Autographs 
109.  STRAND,  LONDON,  W.C. 

Other  CLASSIFIED  CATALOGUES  (many  illustrated)  are  current 
and  will  be  sent  post  free  on  application. 


BOOKS.— ALL  OUT-OF-PRINT  and  RARE 
BOOKS  on  any  subject  SUPPLIED.  The  roost  expert  Book- 
tinder  extant.  Please  state  want6  and  ask  for  CATALOGUE.  I  make 
a  special  feature  of  exchanging  any  Saleable  Books  for  others  selected 
from  my  various  Lists.  Special  List  of  2,000  Books  I  particularly  want 
post  free.— EDW.  BAKER'S  Great  Bookshop,  14-16,  John  Bright 
Street,  Birmingham.  Oscar  Wilde's  Poems,  21s.,  for  10s.  6cf. ;  Ballad 
of  Reading  Gaol,  59.    Who 's  Who.  2  vols.  1907,  lis.  net,  for  5s. 


CATALOGUE  No.  48.— Drawings  of  the  Early 
English  School— Turner's  Liber  Studiorum.  and  other  Engravings 
after  Turner— Etchings  by  Turner,  S.  Palmer.  Whistler— Japanese 
Colour-Prints— Fine-Art  Books— Works  by  Ruskin.  Post  free,  Six- 
pence.—WM.  WARD,  2,  Church  Terrace,  Richmond,  Surrey. 

READERS  AND  COLLECTORS  should  write 
for  J.  BALDWIN'S  MONTHLY  CATALOGUE  of  SECOND- 
HAND BOOKS,  post  free  on  application.  Genuine  bargains  in  First 
Editions  and  Scarce  Items.  Books  in  all  Branches  of  Literature. 
No  fancy  prices.— Address  14,  Osborne  Road,  Leyton,  Essex. 

CATALOGUE  of  FRENCH  BOOKS,  at  greatly 
reduced  prices.  I.  PHILOSOPHY.  II.  RELIGION.  III.  His 
TORY.  IV.  POETRY.  DRAMA.  MUSIC.  V.  BEAUX-ARTS.  VI. 
GEOGRAPHY.  VII.  MILITARY  VIII.  FICTION.  IX.  GENERAL 
LITERATURE. 

DULAU  &  CO.  37,  Soho  Square.  London,  W. 

BO  0  K  S.  —  WILLIAM  BROUGH  &  SONS, 
Booksellers  and  Exporters,  are  prepared  to  give  highest  cash 
prices  for  Libraries  of  any  description  and  of  any  magnitude.  Gentle- 
men, Executors  and  others,  should  communicate  with  WILLIAM 
BROUGH  A  SONS,  who  are  at  nil  times  prepared  to  give  full  cash 
value  for  Books  in  all  Branches  of  Literature.  Vendors  will  find  this 
method  of  disposing  of  their  Properties  to  he  much  more  advantageous 
than  Auction,  while  the  worry,  delay,  and  expense  inseparable  to 
Auction  Sale  will  be  entirely  obviated.  CATALOGUES  gratis  — 
313,  Broad  Street.  Birmingham.  Established  1S45.  Telegrams— 
"  Bibliopole.  Birmingham." 

GLAISHER'S    REMAINDER  BOOK 
CATALOGUE. 
FEBRUARY  SUPPLEMENT  NOW  READY'. 
Comprising  all  most  recent  purchases  in 
PUBLISHERS-     REMAINDER     STOCK. 
Books  in  NEW  condition,  at  REDUCED  Prices. 
WILLIAM    GLAISnER.    Remainder    and    Discount  Bookseller, 
265,  High  Holborn,  London. 


jA-ittljors'  ^.grnts. 


£alrs  by  Aurtion. 


Tht   Library  o)  11    >     BRl  ~-j    if rnrwf.  hft  if 

//        /     .-i.tmi.  and  the  S<    ,   \  Loniom. 

MRS.  SOTHEBY,  WILKINSON  '  HODGE 
xill  HELL  bj   At  ITI"N   Ki  i  WellincUaa 

M'i.MiAV.  K.  ,  '..   ," 

H   ......I    SI  A--  .  , 

.     ) 
LI1SHAIIV    of     II 

■    ii.   an. I  the    ht'rf-k    Yi*  t 
nig  Natural  lll.tui}  I^<.  > 
I>kkrl 

with    eKtra.Plates,    i-.;7-Lh    Fontaine.     <  ,      ,,,1^ 

Generatu    Editloi  ks    illu»trat.  an. I    .  ■  t.^-r 

French  Artists— a  fine  collection   «.f   iiwlm.    ' 
a  few  \i.liniifs  in  h|<-.i«l  Blodil  .  by  tbe  Gui 

Binders.  Ac. 

May  !«•  viewed.     Catalogues  may  be  had. 


.M 


Terra-Cottn  and  othrr  Auliijttitie*. 

E8SB&  s<»l  HEBY,  WILKINSON     HOI 

will   SELL  by  AUCTIOJI,  at   • 
Street.    Btrai  TUESDAY,    February    li.    at    1    ojoek 

!y.  ANTIQUITIES.  (  IIINA.   A'  -a    Collection   of  \W. 
An.  1.  nt  Glass— Terra  Cot ta   Figures  and    Vases — Gold    Omanw-iit.— 
railed   Objects  In   Brooze,   Silier.    Bone,   Ae  — Bea.i    Ne«kuia-. 
covered  in  Excavations  at  Kcrtch— a  few  Pieces  of  Oriental  Porcelain 
— Human  Lamps  in  Bronze  and  Terra-Cotta.  Ac. 

May  be  viewed     Catalogues  may  be  had. 

BOOKS  anil  HAh'USCRIPTS,  including  another  Portion 
of  the  Library  of  J Oil X  CItESSWKLL,  K*q. 

MESSRS.  SOTHEBY,  WILKINSON  &  HODGE 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION  at  their  House.  No.  13.  Wellington 
Street.  Strand.  W.C..  on  THURSDAY.  February  2o.  and  Following 
Day,  at  1  o'clock  precisely.  BOOKS  and  MANIX  H1K 
ANOTHER  PORTION  of  the  LIBRARY  of  JOHM  <  HB»V 
Esq-  Heaton.  Newcastle-on-Tyne  ;  the  Proj*-rty  of  ED.  ST.  JOBS 
I'.RENON.  Eso.  .  and  others,  comprising  First  Editions  of  the 
Writings  of  Modem  Authors— Old  Medical  Books — a  Series  of  Rook* 
with  \\oodcuts  by  Thomas  Bewick— Modern  Italian  Toi*jgraj-hi'al 
Works— Examples  of  the  Aldine  and  Elzevir  Presses,  Ac.— Dante, 
Diviua  Commedia,  with  Two  Engravings  after  l^.tticelli.  ]*<]  — 
Shakespeare,  Fourth  Folio,  1680— Selby,  Illustrations  of  British 
Ornithology,  2  vols,  folio  and  2  vols.  8vo,  1833-1.  Ac. 

May  lie  viewed  two  days  prior.    Catalogues  may  be  bad. 

The  valuable  Collection  of  Greek  Coins,  the  Property  i<f 
FREDERIC    ANDREW    IS  LERWICK,     Btq.,     K.C. 

d£C€0.8fd. 

MESSRS.  SOTHEBY,  WILKINSON  k  HODGE 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  House.  No.  13.  Wellington 
Street.  Strand.  W.C..  on  THURSDAY.  Februsrv  27.  snd  Folloair.g 
Day,  at  1  o'clock  precisely.  GREI  K  CHINS  in  Gold  and  Silver,  of 
Italy,  Sicily.  Greece.  Ac.  ;  ROMAN  COINS  of  Consular  snd  Imperial 
Issues,  in  Gold.  Silver,  and  Bronze;  ANCIENT  BRITISH  snd 
ENGLISH  COINS  in  Gold  and  Silver;  ANGLO  GALLIC  and 
FOREIGN  COINS.   Coin  (  ahintts.  Books.   Ac.  tie  pre  pert  v  of  lie 

Henn  It N .of  Bamburg.  and    01    the  Inte  Jl:>  1  I 

ANDREW    INDERWK'K,    Esq.,    K.C.    and   the  COLLECT! 
GREEK.  ROMAN,  and  ENGLISH  COINS.  Trao-  is  snd 

Town  Tokens  of  the  Seventh  Century,  fomed  by  Dr.  G.  C.  V  1LLIAM- 
SON,  F.R.N. S. 

May  lie  viewed  two  days  prior.    Catalogues  may  be  had.    Illustrated 
Copies,  1».  each. 

The  Remaining  Portion  of  the  Collection  of  Engravinqt 
formed  almott  entirely  by  Sir  WILFRID  LAWSOS, 
Dart,  vrho  died  in  1S06. 

MESSRS.  SOTHEBY,  WILKINSON  &  HODGE 
will  SELL  bv  AUCTION  at  their  House.  No.  IS.  Wellington 
Street.  Strand.  W.C.  on  WEDNESDAY.  March  4.  and  Two  Following 
Days,  at  1  o'clock  preciselv.  the  REMAINING  PORTION  of  the 
COLLECTION  of  ENGRAVINGS  formed  almost  entirely  1  v  Sir 
WILFRID  LAWSON.  Bart.,  of  Brayton.  Cumberland,  who  died  in 
1806.  now  the  Property  of  and  being  rold  by  order  of  the  present 
Baronet.  Sir  WILFRID  LAWSON.  of  Brayton.  Cnmlierland.  com- 
prising Portraits  by  early  English  Engravers — a  few  Etchings  and 
Engravings  by  Old  Masters— Mezzotint  and  other  Portraits.  1  rincijially 
by  English  Masters  of  the  Eighteenth  Century,  including  a  large 
number  from  the  Works  of  Gainslorough,  Horpner.  Sir  J  Reynolds. 
Romney,  and  other  celebrated  Artists— Portraits  by  French 
Engravers,  including  an  extensive  Series  of  the  Works  of  R. 
Nanteuil,  many"  in  early  states— Rooks  of  Prints — Collections  of 
Engravings  and  Drawings,  mounted  in  volumes,  Ac. 

May  be  viewed  two  days  prior.    Catalogues  may  be  baa. 


Valuable  Topographical  and  Miscellaneous  Books. 

MESSRS.  HODGSON  &  CO.  will  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  at  their  Rooms.  IIS.  Chancerv  Lane.  W.C,  on 
WEDNESDAY.  Febmarv  26.  and  Two  Following  Dsvs.  at  1  o'clock. 
TOPOGRAPHICAL  and  MISCELLANEOUS  ROOKS,  i-cmprising 
several  of  the  chief  County  Histories,  includin  Manning  snd  Brsvs 
History  of  Surrey.  3  vols.— Blomefield's  Norfolk.  S  »ols.— Lipscomhe's 
Buckinghamshire,  4  vols.— Hodgson's  Northuml^rlsnd.  Original 
Edition.  7  vols.— Morant's  Essex.  Original  Edition.  2  vols  —Nash  s 
Worcestershire.  2  vols— Hutchins's  Dorset.  Best  Edition.  4  vols  — 
Clutterbuck's  Hertfordshire.  3  vols— Bridges'  Northamptonshire. 
2  vols—  Cussans'  Hertfordshire.  3  vole.— Ormerod's  Cheshire,  tl 
Brayley's  Surrey.  Large  Paper.  5  vols  —  Hasted  s  Kent,  It  wit  - 
of  the  Associated  Architectural  Societies'  Publications.  1S5O-1904, 
99  vols,  half -calf— and  other  Archaeological  and  Antiquarian  Books  — 
Issues  from  the  Kelmscott  Tress.  22  vols —The  Writings  of  William 
Morris,  Swinburne,  and  other  Modern  Authors,  Ac. 
Catalogues  on  application. 

MESSRS.  CHRISTIE,  MANSON  k  WOODS 
respeotfnllv  give  notice  that  they  will  hold  the  following 
SALES  bv  AUCTION,  at  their  Great  Rooms.  King  Street.  St.  Janiess 
Bquare,  the  Sales  commencing  at  1  o'clock  prccis.lv 

On  MONDAY',  February  17,  The  COLLECTION 

of    PUTUIUS    and    DRAWINGS    of    the    late    CHARLES   A.    D. 
HAI.FORD.  Esq. 


18,    OBJECTS    of 


THE  AUTHOR'S  AGENCY.— Established  1879. 
The  Interests  of  Authors  cans  hi  v  represented.  Agreements  for 
Publishing  arranged.  MSS.  placed  with  Publishers.— Terms  and  Tesli 
monials  on  application  to  Mr.  A.  M.  BU  Rti  II  l-'.s.  31.  l'aternostcr  Row 


On    TUESDAY,    February 

VERTU  from  Various  Sources. 

On  THURSDAY,  February  20,  OLD  ENGLISH 

SI  1 A  KB  PLATE  of  the  late  Lord  YOUNG.  Mrs.  T.  S.  KENNEDY. 

an  1  others. 

On     FRIDAY',     February    21,    PORCELAIN, 

DECORATIVE    OBJECTS,    and    FURNITURE    of    the    late    Lord 
IOTJNG,  Mrs.  T    S    KKNNF.DY.  and  Others. 

On    SATURDAY,     February    22,    MODERN 

PICTURFSand  DRAWINGS,  the  Piouertj  of  the  late  Mrs.  MARY 
KAIH'I.IFFE.  and  Others. 


No.  4190,  Feb.  15,  1908 


THE     ATHEN^UM 


179 


Curiosities. 
TUESDAY,  February  IS,  at  half -past  12  o'clock. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  OFFER  at  his 
Rooms,  38,  King  Street,  Covent  Garden,  London,  W.O.  Rare 
and  interesting  BKONZES  from  BENIN— a  unique  Collection  of 
Pipes.  Medicine  Horns.  Ac,  from  Bali.  W.  Africa— Beakers  Goblets 
Ac,  from  Uganda— Knives  and  Weapons  from  the  Congo— Old  Caryed 
Wood  Painted  Masks,  Bismarck  Archipelago— Carved  Wood  Paddles, 
Ac.  Also  a  Collection  of  Baxter  Prints— Chinese  and  Japanese 
Bronzes,  Cloisonne,  &c— and  a  great  Variety  of  Curios  from  all  Farts. 
On  view  day  prior  10  to  5  and  morning  of  Sale.  Catalogues  on 
application.  ^_ 

Lathes,  Chucks,  and  Tools. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  at  his  Rooms, 
38,  King  Street.  Covent  Garden,  London.  W.C..  on  FRIDAY, 
February  21,  SEVERAL  LATHES  with  ACCESSORIES  including 
a  GENTLEMAN'S  6-inch  ORNAMENTAL  and  TRAVERSING 
MANDRIL  LATHE,  with  Overhead  Motion,  by  that  eminent  maker 
Kerman  of  Dublin,  fitted  with  Birch's  Dividing  and  Wheel-Cutting 
Attachment,  Ornamental  and  Metal  Turning  Slide  Rest,  Spiral 
Apparatus,  Change  Wheels,  Chucks,  Cutter,  Frames  and  loots, 
Drilling-Machine,  &c. 

Catalogues  on  application. 


Valuable  Collection  of  Exotic  Bird  Skills. 
TUESDAY,  February  S5,  at  half-past  IS  o'clock. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  OFFER,  at  his 
Rooms,  38,  King  Street,  Covent  Garden,  London,  W.C.,  about 
■250  LOTS  of  BIRD  SKINS  in  fine  condition  from  all  parts  of  the 
•world ;  also  Heads,  Horns,  and  Skins  of  Animals,  and  a  great  variety 
■of  Natural  History  Specimens. 

On  view  day  prior  10  to  5  and  morning  of  Sale.    Catalogues  on 
application. 

Sales  of  Miscellaneous  Property. 
R.  J.    C.    STEVENS   begs  to  announce  that 

_  SALES  are  held  EVERY  FRIDAY,  at  his  Rooms,  33.  King 
8treet.  Covent  Garden,  London,  W.O.,  for  the  disposal  of  MICRO- 
SCOPES, SLIDES,  and  OBJECTIVES  —  Telescopes— Theodolites- 
Levels—  Electrical  and  Scientific  Instruments— Cameras,  Lenses,  and 
all  kinds  of  Photographic  Apparatus— Optical  Lanterns,  with  Slides 
Rnd  all  Accessories  in  great  variety  by  Best  Makers— Household 
Furniture— Jewellery— and  other  Miscellaneous  Property. 
On  view  Thursday  2  to  5  and  morning  of  Sale. 


M 


iftaga^nus,  &r. 


THE  BUILDER  (founded  1842),  4,  Catherine 
Street,  London,  W.C.,  FEBRUARY  15,  contains  — 

THE  DESIGNS  FOR  THE  LONDON  COUNTY  HALL 
(concluded). 

THE  AQUEDUCTS  OF  ANCIENT  ROME.  VI.  (With 
Illustrations.) 

GARAGE  AND  MOTOR  HOUSES  (Architectural  Associa- 
tion). 

DETAIL  ELEVATION  OF  SELECTED  DESIGN  FOR 
COUNTY  HALL. 

DESIGN  FOR  COUNTY  HALL,  BY  MR.  H.  T.  HARE. 

SHEFFIELD  MUNICIPAL  BUILDINGS,  BY  THE  LATE 
E.  W.  MOUNTFORD. 

REMAINS  OF  ROMAN  AQUEDUCTS.  FROM  PHOTO- 
GRAPHS. 

From  Office  as  above  (Ad. ,  by  post  4^d. ),  at  Rail- 
way Bookstalls,  Bookshops,  and  of  all  Newsagents. 

ARNOLD    FAIRBAIRNS    &    CO.,     Ltd., 

3,   ROBERT  STREET,   ADELPHI,   W.C. 

READY    THIS    DAY 

MODERN    SPANISH    PAINTING. 

By   A.   G.   TEMPLE,    F.S.A. 

Director  of  the  Guildhall  Art  Gallery,  London. 

Illustrated   with   59   Photogravure   Reproductions. 

Limited  to  300  Copies. 

Demy  4to,  hi.  5s.  net. 


T 


NOW   READY. 
SIXTY-SIXTH   YEAR  OF  PUBLICATION. 
HE  CLERGY  LIST 

for  1908. 

THOROUGHLY   REVISED   AND    CORRECTED 

TO   THE   LATEST   DATE 

Price  12*.  6d. 

The    Timet    says :—" Kelly's    'Clergy    List'    is    always 

entitled  to  a  welcome  from  those  who  desire  to  obtain 

speedy  and  accurate  information  about  either  parsons  or 

parishes." 

The  Standard  says  :— "The  '  Clergy  List '  is  an  admirable 
and  old-established  directory.  It  is  one  of  those  annuals 
that  have  become  a  necessity." 

The  Guardian  says:— "For  convenience  of  arrangement 
and  neatness  of  display  it  leaves  nothing  to  be  desired.  As 
to  the  most  important  quality  of  all  in  a  book  of  reference, 
every  effort  seems  to  have  been  made  to  ensure  the  accuracy 
of  the  facts,  and  the  'Clergy  List'  certainly  maintains  a 
high  standard  in  this  respect." 

The  Manchester  Courier  says  :— "The  '  Clergy  List'  is  the 
most  complete  and  valuable  clerical  handbook  and  directory 
published.  The  work  is  at  once  comprehensive,  accurate, 
and  well  planned." 

London:  KELLY'S  DIRECTORIES,  Ltd. 
182-184,  High  Holborn. 


[Continued  on  p.  206.] 


CAMBRIDGE  UNIVERSITY  PRESS 

THE  CAMBRIDGE  MODERN   HISTORY.     Planned  by  the  late 

Lord  Acton.    Edited  by  A.  W.  Ward,  Litt.D.,  G.  W.  Prothero,  Litt.D.,  and  Stanley 


Leathes,  M.A 


Royal  8vo 
buckram 
16s  net 
each  volume 


Volume  V  of  this  work,  THE  AGE  OF  LOUIS  XIV,  is  now  ready.  In  order  of 
publication  the  volume  is  the  ninth  to  appear,  the  others  already  published 
being: — I.  The  Renaissance;  II.  The  Reformation;  IIL  The  Wars  of  Religion  ; 
IV.  The  Thirty  Years'  War;  VII.  The  United  States;  VIII.  The  French 
Revolution;  IX.  Napoleon;  and  X.  The  Restoration.  The  text  of  the  work  will 
be  completed  in  twelve  volumes,  and  there  will  be  two  supplementary  volumes, 
making  fourteen  in  all ;  one  containing  Maps  and  the  other  Genealogical  and 
other  Tables  and  a  General  Index  to  the  whole  work. 

"  It  is  as  a  work  of  scientific  accuracy  and  profundity  that  The  Cambridge 
Modem  History  stands  unrivalled.  So  far  as  truth  can  be  ascertained  by  mortal 
men,  so  far  as  learned,  impartial  criticism  can  be  final,  we  have  them  here."—  Daily 
Telegraph. 

Any  volume  may  be  purchased  separately,  bound  in  buckram,  at  16s.  net, 
and  subscriptions  of  £7  10s.  net  are  received  for  the  twelve  volumes  of  text  in  that 
binding.  The  complete  work,  in  fourteen  volumes,  may  be  purchased  in  buckram 
at  £S  12s.  6d.  net ;  in  Roxburghe  at  £11  net ;  in  Three-quarter  Morocco  at  £14  5s. 
net ;  or  in  Full  Morocco  at  £20  net.  It  may  also  be  obtained,  in  any  of  these 
bindings,  on  the  instalment  system,  of  which  full  particulars  are  given  in  the 
pamphlet  mentioned  below. 

A  descriptive  pamphlet  has  been  prepared  giving  an  account  of  the  origin, 
authorship,  and  production  of  the  History.  This  contains  Lord  Acton's  original 
scheme  for  the  work,  an  important  document  never  before  published,  and  other 
matter  of  general  interest.  A  copy  will  be  sent  free  of  all  charge  on  receipt  of  a 
post-card  addressed  OAi.H.  Department,  Cambridge  University  Press  Ware- 
house, Fetter  Lane,  London. 


DECADENCE.    By  the   Right  Hon.  A.   J.   Balfour,  M.P.    Being 

the  Henry  Sidgwick  Memorial  Lecture,  delivered  at  Newnham  College,  Cambridge, 
25  January,  1908. 


Other  bindings 
and  special 
subscription 

terms 


Crown  8vo 
Is  6d  net 


The  decadence  which  the  author  discusses  in  this  lecture  "is  the  decadence 
which  attacks,  or  is  alleged  to  attack,  great  communities  and  historic  civilisations, 
which  is  to  societies  of  men  what  senility  is  to  man,  and  is  often,  like  senility,  the 
precursor  and  the  cause  of  final  dissolution." 


SLAVONIC  EUROPE.    A  Political  History  of  Poland  and  Russia 

from  1447  to  1796.    By  R.  Nisbet  Bain. 


Crown  8vo 
5s  6d  net 


This  book  is,  the  author  believes,  the  only  existing  compendium  in  English  of 
the  political  history  of  Poland  and  Russia,  from  the  middle  of  the  fifteenth  to  the 
end  of  the  eighteenth  century,  when  the  Polish  Republic  disappeared  from  the 
map  of  Europe  and  the  Russian  Empire  took  its  place  as  the  head  and  right  arm 
of  the  Slavonic  world. 


THE    BACTERIOLOGY    OF     DIPHTHERIA.      By    F.    Loeffler, 

M.D.,  LL.D.,  Arthur  Newsholme,  M.D.,  F.R.C.P.,  F.  B.  Mallory,  M.A.,  M.D.,  G.  S. 
Graham-Smith,  M.A.,  M.D.,  D.P.H.,  George  Dean,  M.D.,  William  H.  Park,  M.D.,  and 
Charles  F.  Bolduan,  M.D.  Edited  by  G.  H.  F.  Nuttall,  M.D.,  Ph.D.,  Sc.D.,  F.R.S., 
Quick  Professor  of  Biology  in  the  University  of  Cambridge,  and  G.  S.  Graham-Smith 
M.A.,  M.D.,  University  Lecturer  in  Hygiene,  Cambridge. 

The  work  is  divided  into  six  sections,  contributed  by  authors  who  have  given 
special  attention  to  the  subjects  discussed  in  each. 

The  various  chapters  deal  with  the  events  which  led  up  to  the  discovery 
of  the  diphtheria  bacillus;  the  epidemiology  and  pathology  of  the  disease;  the 
morphological,  cultural,  and  pathogenic  characteristics  of  the  diptheria  bacillus  and 
the  organisms  which  resemble  it,  and  their  relationship  to  one  another;  the  dis- 
tribution of  the  diphtheria  bacillus  and  organisms  resembling  it  in  men  and 
animals ;  the  occurrence  of  diphtheria  and  diseases  simulating  it  in  roan  and 
animals,  and  the  relationship  of  the  latter  to  diphtheria;  the  modes  of  infection 
and  the  methods  of  prevention;  the  practical  and  theoretical  considerations 
involved  in  the  manufacture  of  toxins  and  antitoxins,  and  the  results  of  antitoxin 
treatment. 


Royal  8vo 

with  4  portraits 

and  16  plates, 

25s  net. 
(Nearly  ready) 


THE    THEORY    OF    LIGHT. 

By  Richard  C.  Maclaurin,  M.A.,  LL.D. 


A  Treatise  on  Physical  Optics. 

In  three  parts,  Part  I. 


Part  I. 

Demy  8vo 

9s  net 


The  aim  of  the  treatise,  of  which  this  volume  forms  the  first  pail,  is  to  give 
an  account  of  the  theory  of  physical  optics  that  is  systematic,  and  as  complete 
as  possible  in  the  limits  within  which  the  author  has  thought  it  expedient  to 
confine  himself.  He  hopes  that  the  foundation  lias  been  laid  broadly  enough  to 
support  the  whole  superstructure,  and  that  the  mode  of  treatment  will  make 
clear  the  relation  between  light  and  electricity,  when  those  two  sciences  come 
into  contact. 


SPIRIT  IN  THE  NEW  TESTAMENT.    An  Enquiry  into  the  use 

of  the  word  Pneuma  in  all  passages,  and  a  survey  of  the  evidence  concerning  the 
Holy  Spirit.    By  Edward  William  Winstanley,  B.D.  Trinity  College,  Cambridge. 


Crown  8vo 
3s  6d  net 


"  The  work  is  practically  an  exhaustive  Concordance  with  nofel  of  all  the 
passages  in  the  New  Testament  in  which  the  word  'Spirit'  is  used.  It  is  worthy 
of  Cambridge  'exact  scholarship,  and  it  will  be  invaluable  to  all  students  of  the 
doctrine  of  the  Spirit.  To  theological  students  and  to  clergy  it  is  Indispensable. 
To  all  Greek  scholars  it  will  be  profoundly  interesting  and  mentally  stimulating." — 
Prebendary  E.  E.  HARDING  in  the  Lichfield  Diocesan  Magazine. 


London,  Fetter  Lane:    Cambridge  University  Press  Warehouse  :  C.  F.  Clay,  Manager 


180 


T  II  E     A  T  II  E  NJ<;UM 


No.  11!".,  Feb.  15,  l!'<is 


MR.  HEINEMANN'S  NEW  BOOKS. 

THE 

WORLD'S 
HISTORY. 

Edited  !>>  Prof.  BKLMOI/T, 
With  an  Introductory   bw  bj  the  Iti-lit  Hon.    TAMES 

BRYCK. 

Magnificently  Dlnstra&ed  with  Colonr-Platei,  Black-and- 
white  Pictures,  and  Maps,  s  .super-royal  8vo  vols,  cloth, 
i;'.  net  ;  half-morocco,  BL  is.  net.* 

'.•  If  you  are  interested  in  the  History  of  the  World  you 
live  in,  don't  !»•  tempted  by  advertisement!  of  antiquated 
work*  fiction  in  the  guilt  of  history— compilation!  from  (he 

Writings  of  dryasdust  hietoriant  irit/i   the  help  of  scissors 
awl  pa 

iv  il  a  NSW,  MODERN,  and  ORIGINAL  work,  every 
worH   written  expressly  for  it.    The   ONLY   COMPLETE 

ORIGINAL  History  Of  the  World  in  the  icorld. 

It  can  be  had  on  approval,  and  can  be  paid  for  by  small 
monthly  instalments. 

MEMOIRS  OF  THE 

COMTESSEdeBOIGNE 

The  THIRD  Volume  (1820-1830),  completing  the 
work,  is  now  ready.  Demy  8vo,  10s.  net* 

"  The  second  and  third  volumes  are  even  more  interesting 
than  the  first.  The  excellent  translation  will  introduce 
these  to  a  large  number  of  readers."— Spectator. 

Uniform  with  the  above,  10s.  net  each." 
Vol.  I.,  1731-1S14,  and  Vol.  II.,  1815-1819. 

FATHER   AND   SON. 

Demy  8vo,  8s.  6d.  net.    [Third  Impression. 
"  This  book  is  unique.     It  is  at  once  a  profound  and 
illuminating  study  in  the  concrete  of  the  development  of 
a  child's  mind,  and  also  an  historical   document  of  great 
value." — Athenceum. 

NEW  SIX-SHILLING   NOVELS. 

SOMEHOW    GOOD. 

By  WILLIAM  DE  MORGAN, 
Author  of  '  Joseph  Vance  '  and  '  Alice  for  Short.' 

[Secoyid  Impression. 
"  Mr.  De  Morgan  is  becoming  a  national  institution.  We 
cannot  do  without  him.  He  invites  you  to  his  comfort- 
ably furnished  novel  for  a  week-end  among  the  most 
conversable  entertaining  people,  and  you  accept  and  are 
enchanted.     You  would  be  an  idiot  if  you  did  not." — Times. 

THE    PULSE    OF    LIFE. 

By  Mrs.  BELLOC-LOWNDES, 

Author    of    '  Barbara    Rebell,'    &c. 
"  Her  least   important   characters   have   individuality ; 
we  have  met  few  heroines  so  adorable.    The  scenes  are 
as  vivid  as  the  people." — Times. 

WHITE  ROSE  OF  WEARY  LEAF. 

By  VIOLET  HUNT. 
Sfl£A  V  £»■    [Third  Impression. 


By  E.  F.  BENSON, 
Author  of  '  The  House  of  Defence,'  &c. 
"  Mr.  Benson  has  never  done  anything  better."- 

THE    HISTORY   OF 


-Truth. 


AYTHAN  WARING. 

By  VIOLET  JACOB,  Author  of  'The  Sheepstealers. 
"A  supremely  good  novel." — Pall  Mall  Gazette. 

THE  EXPLORER. 

By  W.  S.  MAUGHAM,  Author  of  'The  Merry-go-round.' 

[Second  Impression. 
"  A  story  which  stirs  the  heart  as  well  as  the  interest  to 
its  very'  foundations.    An  absorbing  novel  of  the  greatest 
artistic  merit." — Daily  Telegraph. 

THE      STANDERT0NS. 

By  the  EARL  OF  ELLESMERE. 

THE    ISLAND    PHARISEES. 

By  JOHN  GALSWORTHY. 

Author  of  'The  Man  of  Property.' 

[New  and  Revised  Edition. 

'Prospectus     on     application. 

WM.  HEINEMANN,  21,  Bedford   Street,  W.C. 


MESSRS.  LONGMANS  &  CO.'S  LIST 

OF   THEOLOGICAL    WORKS. 


THE    BAMPTON    LECTURES 
FOR    1907. 

FOURTH     IMPRESSION. 

THE  REPROACH  OF 
THE   GOSPEL: 

An   Enquiry   into  the  Apparent  Failure  of  CliriB- 

tianity  as  a  General  Rule  of  Life  and  (  kmduet,  with 

especial  reference  to'the  Present  'lime. 

Being  the  Bampton  Lectures  for  1907. 
By  the  Rev.  JAMES  II .  F.  PEILE,  MA., 

Fellow  of  University  College,  Oxford. 
8vo,  5s.  6d.  net. 

"  Not  since  the  Bishop  of  Birmingham's  Lectures 
in  1891  do  we  remember  any  series  given  on  the 
foundations  of  John  Bampton  which  has  been  so 
readable  and  so  attractive." — Guardian. 

"  We  hope  it  will  be  read  by  every  one  to  whom 
the  ethical  and    religious    outlook   of    our   times 

appears    discouraging,    preposterous,    sad We 

hope  we  have  said  enough  to  send  our  readers  to  a 
very  notable  book." — Churchman. 


BOOKS  BY  THE  REV.  GEORGE  TYRRELL. 

"  GEORGE  TYRRELL,  late  of  the  Society  of 
Jesus,  is,  perhaps  the  most  powerful  and  persuasive 
religious  teacher  of  our  generation." — Mr.  A.  L. 
Lilley,  in  the  Daily  News. 

THROUGH  SCYLLA  AND  CHARYBDIS; 

or,  the  Old  Theology  and  the  New.     Crown  8vo,  5s.  net. 

A  MUCH  ABUSED  LETTER.  Crown  8yo, 

2s.  6d.  net. 

THE     FAITH     OF    THE     MILLIONS. 

Essays.    Two  Series.    Crown  8vo,  5s.  net  each. 

NOVA  ET  VETERA.   Informal  Medita 

tions.     Crown  8vo,  5s.  net. 

LEX  ORANDI;    or,  Prayer  and  Creed. 

Crown  8vo,  5s.  net. 

LEX   CREDENDI.     A  Sequel   to   '  Lex 

Orandi.'    Crown  8vo,  5s.  net. 

HARD  SAYINGS.    A  Selection  of  Medi- 

tations  and  Studies.     Crown  8vo,  5s.  net. 

EXTERNAL   RELIGION:   its  Use   and 

Abuse.     Crown  8vo,  2s.  6d.  net. 

OIL  AND  WINE.    Crown  8yo,  5s.  net. 
THE  SOUL'S  ORBIT;  or,  Man's  Journey 

to  God.     Compiled,  with  Additions  by  M.  D.  PETRE. 
Crown  8vo,  4s.  6cJ.  net. 


CATHOLICISM  AND  INDEPENDENCE. 

Being  Studies  in  Spiritual  Liberty.     By  M.  D.  PETRE. 
Crown  8vo,  3s.  Gd.  net. 


WORKS  BY  WM.  P.  DU  B0SE,  M.A.  S.T.D. 

Professor  of  Exegesis  in  the  University  of  the  South  (U.  S.  A. ). 

"  /  strongly  suspect  that  Dr.  Du  Bose,  in  his  own 
proper  field,  is  the  ivisest  writer  on  the  other  side  oj 
the  Atlantic  ;  indeed  il  may  not  be  too  much  to  say, 
the  wisest  Anglican  writer  on  both  sides  of  the 
Atlantic"— The  Rev.  Prof.  W.  Sanday,  D.D.,  in 
the  Expositor. 

"  /Since  the  publication  of  '  The  [Gospel  in  the 
Gospels,'  it  has  been  obvious  that  Dr.  Du  Bose  must 
be  reckoned  one  of  the  foremost  philosophical  theo- 
logians oj  our  time."— -Journal  or  Tueolooical 
Studies. 

THE  GOSPEL  IN  THE   GOSPELS. 

FIFTH  IMPRESSION.    Crown  8vo,  5s.  net. 

THE    GOSPEL    ACCORDING    TO    ST. 

PAUL.    Crown  8vo,  5s.  net. 

THE    S0TERI0L0GY    OF    THE    NEW 

TESTAMENT.     NEW  EDITION,  with  a  NEW  PRE- 
FACE.    Crown  Svo,  5s.  net. 


LONGMANS,  GREEN  &  CO. 
39,  Paternoster   Row,  London,  E.C. 


NIGHTS  AT  THE  OPERA. 

Hited  by  wakklim.  DBT. 

An  ;m  ily-ii '.f  tin-  imi-ii  ,  togethai  with  H  running 
in.-m.iM  on  the  dr.in  '■»  which  it 

■    l  li. 

l.  Lohengrin.  2.  Tannhaeuser. 

.'{.  Tristan  and  Isolde.       i    Meistersinger. 
5.  Rheingold  and  Walkure. 


8.  Siegfried^and     ,  Nibelungen. 


Ring  des 

Goetterdaemmerung. 

7.  Bizet's  Carmen.  8    Gounod's  Faust. 

9.  Mozart's  Don  Giovanni. 
10.  Verdi's  II  Trovatore. 
il.  Verdi's  Rigoletto. 
12.  The  Flying  Dutchman. 

FRENCH     MUSIC     IN 
THE  XlXth  CENTURY 

By  ABTHUB  HEKVEY.     Small  crown  8vo,  cloth 

5s.  net. 

THREE   ESSAYS   OF   MEREJK0WSKI. 

Translated  from  the  Russian  by  G.  A.  MOUHSKT. 

Fcap.  Svo,  boards,  Is.  6d.  net  each. 

THE  LIFE  WORK  OF  HENDRIK  IBSEN 

THE     LIFE-WORK    OF 

PLINY    THE  YOUNGER 

THE  LIFE-WORK  OF  MONTAIGNE 


LOGIC,  DEDUCTIVE  AND  INDUCTIYE 

By  CARVETH  READ,  M.A.,  Professor  of  Logic  at 
University  CoUege.  Third  Edition,  Revised  and 
Enlarged.     Crown  Svo.  6s. 

THE   STUDY  OF   PLANT   LIFE 

By  M.  C.  STOPES,  D.Sc.  London.  Illustrated  with 
Plates  and  numerous  Diagrams.  Designed  Cover. 
Royal  8vo,  cloth  2s.  6d.  net. 

LATIN   PICTURE   STORIES 

For  original  Latin  Prose  Composition.  A  Series  of 
Twelve  Cards,  each  containing  6  Illustrations  with 
Short  Sentences  in  Latin  as  Keys  to  the  Story 
depicted  Is.  net  per  set. 

LATIN   GRAMMAR   RULES 

With  an  Introduction  by  W.  H.  D.  ROUSE,  M.A. 
D.Litt,  Head  Master  of  the  Perse  School.  Inter- 
leaved.   In  paper  wrappers  6d.  net. 

HYPNOTISM : 

Its  History,  Practice,   and   Theory 

By  J.  MILNE  BRAMWELL,  M.B.  CM.  Demy  Svo, 
cloth.    New  Edition  18s.  net. 

A  MANUAL  OF  COSTUME,  AS  ILLUS- 
TRATED BY  MONUMENTAL  BRASSES 

By  HERBERT  DRUITT.  Profusely  illustrated. 
Demy  Svo,  gilt  top  10s.  6d.  net. 

ENGLISH   CHURCH   NEEDLEWORK 

Bv  MAUD  R.  HALL.  Illustrated.  Crown  4to,  cloth 
gilt  10s.  6d. 

THE   HEART   OF   A   GARDEN 

By  Mrs.  MARRIOTT  WATSON.  With  numerous  fine 
Illustrations.    Royal  Svo.    New  Edition    7s.  6d.  net. 

ETIQUETTE   FOR   EVERY   DAY 

By  Mrs.  HUMPHREY  ("  Madge"  of  Truth).  Designed 
Cover,  fcap.  8vo,  cloth  Is.  6d.  net. 


FICTION. 
DOYLE,  SIR  A.  CONAN 

A  DUET. 

NORRIS,  FRANK 

THE  OCTOPUS.    Crown  Svo,  cloth 
THE  PIT.     Crown  Svo,  cloth 

WHITEING,  RICHARD 


3s.  6d. 

6s. 
6s. 


No.  5  JOHN  STREET.    Fcap.  8vo,  cloth  gilt 

3s.  6d. 


A  complete  Catalogue  will  be  forwarded 
on  application. 

ALEXANDER   MORING,   Ltd. 
32,  George  Street,  Hanover  Square,  London,  W. 


No.  4190,  Feb.  15,  1908 


THE     ATHENAEUM 


181 


DUCKWORTH    &    CO.'S    NEW    PUBLICATIONS. 


"ONE  OF  THE  GREAT  BOOKS  OF  OUR  OWN  TIME." 

WANDERINGS  IN  ARABIA.    By  Charles  M.  Doughty,  Author 

of  'The  Dawn  in  Britain.'  With  a  Portrait  and  Map.  In  2  vols,  demy  8vo,  16s.  net. 
"  One  of  the  classics  of  travel,  one  of  the  rare  and  curious  masterpieces  of  English  prose.  We  envy  those  who  read 
Mr.  Garnett's  edition  for  the  first  time  and  realize  that  there  is  another  vital  and  splendid  book  in  the  world  with  which 
they  were  unacquainted.  If  ever  an  abridgment  were  wholly  justified  and  delightful  and  a  revelation  to  the  elect,  it  is 
the  edition  before  us.  This  reprint  possesses  the  character  of  a  great  new  book.  One  of  the  great  books  of  our  own  time, 
and  treasured  equally  by  travellers,  savants,  and  poets  among  the  best  things  written  about  the  East." 

Extract  from  a  Review  in  the  Observer. 
Prospectus  on  application. 

LEGEND  AND  FOLK  LORE  OF  THE  HOLY  LAND.    By  J.  E. 

HANAUEE.     With  an  Introduction    by  MARMADUKE   PICKTHALL.     Pages    324    and  xxiv.     Demy  8vo, 
cloth  gilt,  8s.  net. 
"Many  strange  legends,  Moslem,  Christian  and  Jewish,  are  collected  in  the  pages  of  this  attractive  and  uncon- 
ventional book.     Together  they  represent  the  great  mass  of  folk-lore  which  men  of  the  three  religions  have  bequeathed  to 
modern  Palestine.     They  (the  legends)  conjure  up  the  mental  atmosphere  and  help  us  to  realize  the  manner  in  which  the 
different  creeds  of  the  great  religions  named  have  in  turn  left  their  impress  on  the  mind  of  an  imaginative  race."— Standard. 

ETHICS  OF  REVOLT.    By  Dr.  Greville  Macdonald.    Crown  8vo, 

5s.  net. 
A  book  of  essays  on  subjects  of  present-day  interest. 

ST0PF0RD  BROOKE'S  NEW  VOLUME. 

STUDIES  IN  POETRY.    With  a  Photogravure  Portrait.    Crown 

[Second  Impression. 


8vo,  6s.  net. 


REMBRANDT.     By   G.  Baldwin  Brown,  Fine-Art  Professor  in 

the  University  of  Edinburgh.     With  45  Illustrations.     Pott  4to,  7s.  6d.  net. 

"  Out  of  the  great  number  of  modern  books  on  Rembrandt,  Prof.  Baldwin  Brown's  volume  may  be  selected  as  being 
perhaps  the  most  useful.  The  admirable  chapter  on  Rembrandt's  etchings,  which  deals  more  particularly  with  their 
technical  aspect,  renders  it  a  valuable  addition  to  literature." — Standard. 

THE  INTERPRETATION  OF  NATURE  IN  EARLIER  GREEK 

ART.     By  EMANUEL  LOWY,  Professor  in  the  University  of  Rome.     With  30  Illustrations.     Crown  8vo,  5s.  net. 

"The  chapters  deal  with  drawing,  relief,  statuary  and  differentiation,  and  there  are  an  admirable  introduction  and 
illustrations.  To  lovers  of  ancient  and  modern  Greece  and  its  art,  Prof.  Lowy's  work  should  appeal  with  force,  and 
it  should  be  read  by  them  with  grateful  appreciation." — Birmingham  Gazette. 

EUGENE  DELACROIX.    By  Dorothy  Bussy.    With  26  Illustra- 

tions.    Pott  4to,  5s.  net. 
"  Madame  Bussy  has  here  presented  an  appreciation  of  Delacroix  and  his  work  which  need  frighten  nobody,  and  will 
certainly  please  any  one  who  takes  the  slightest  interest  in  the  subject."— Academy. 

THOUGHTS   OF  LEONARDO  DA  VINCI  AS   RECORDED  IN 


HIS    NOTE   BOOKS.      Edited   by  EDWARD    McCURDY.     Uniform  with  'The  Roadmender. 
Frontispiece.    Fcap.  8vo,  clcth,  2s.  6d  net. 

"  For  the  thinker  there  can  be  no  more  delightful  book." — Daily  News. 


With   a 


A  HISTORY  OF  ART.    By  Dr.  Giulio   Carotti,    of  the    Royal 

Academy  of  Fine  Arts  in  Milan  and  the  Royal  University  of  Rome.     English  Edition,  revised  by  Mrs.  S.  ARTHUR 
STRONG,  LL.D.   In  1  vols.,  with  very  numerous  Illustrations  in  each  volume.   Small  crown  8vo,  5s.  net  each  volume. 


Vol.  I.   ANCIENT  AKT.    500  Illustrations. 


[Ready  very  shortly. 


GOD'S    THOROUGHFARE.     By  Arthur   Buckley.     Fcap.    8vo, 

cloth,  2s.  6d.  net. 

A  way  of  new  dimensions.    Being  an  investigation  made  by  a  Logician,  a  Scientist,  and  a  Theologian  in  the  Forest  of 
Science  and  other  places,  resulting  in  a  discovery  of  New  Dimensions,  which  form  a  way  of  being  leading  to  the  Spiritual. 

MEMOIRS   OF  A  SURREY  LABOURER.    By  George  Bourne, 

Author  of  '  The  Bettesworth  Book.'    Crown  8vo,  6s. 
This  is  a  book  that  deals  with  a  real  character,  and  is  in  no  sense  fiction.    What  the  author  has  done  is  to  render  a 
faithful  portrait  of  an  old  gardener  of  his,  who  is,  to  lovers  of  the  country,  the  most  interesting  acquaintance  that  it  is 
possible  to  meet.    The  Spectator  says  :— "  He  [the  author]  tells  his  story  simply,  in  its  simple  setting  of  garden  sights  and 
sounds,  springing  crops,  cloudy  skies,  sweltering  sunshine  ;  and  his  picture  is  of  the  real  English  peasant  labourer." 


NEW    FICTION. 
THE    CRESTED     SEAS. 

By  JAMES  BRENDAN  CONNOLLY, 
Author  of  '  Out  of  Gloucester.' 
Illustrated.       Crown    8vo,    6s. 
"There  is  plenty  of   incident   and    excitement  in  Mr. 
Connolly's  new  volume.      While  he  does  not  fail  to  give  us 
many  shining  examples  of  the  daring,  the  rivalry,  and  the 
skill  of  his  sea  dogs,  his  portrayal  of  their  reflective,  imagi- 
native, and  domestic  moods  lends  a  special  interest  to  this 
volume. " — Spectator. 

VRONINA. 

By  OWEN  VAUGHAN  (Owen  Rhoscomyl). 
Crown  8vo,  6s. 
Owen  Vaughan  (Owen  Rhoscomyl)  places  his  latest 
romance  in  his  native  Wales.  It  is  of  the  real  stuff  of 
high  romance,  and  is  marked  by  depth  of  feeling  and 
strong  faith.  While  its  tendency  is  idealistic,  the  darker 
shade  of  realism  is  not  entirely  absent.  Its  effect  is 
heartening,  and  it  is  no  overstatement  to  state  [that  its 
interest  is  all-absorbing  from  beginning  to  end.  A  book 
that  will  live  in  the  memory. 

"ACT    OF    GOD." 

By    ROBERT    ELLIOTT.      Crown    8vo,    6s. 

The  most  powerful  tale  of  the  sea  that  has  been  written 
for  years  past. 

The  number  of  long  critical  reviews  of  this  book  which 
are  appearing  mark  it  as  being  the  work  of  a  writer  of 
wonderful  power.  Its  object  is  not  to  please  or  merely  to 
entertain.  It  is  the  work  of  a  writer  impelled  to  depict 
realistically  life  on  board  an  emigrant  ship.  The  story 
moves  on  to  its  powerful  climax  with  a  wealth  of  detail, 
and  with  a  wonderful  faculty  for  characterization. 

THE    DANCE    OF    LOVE. 

By  DION  CLAYTON  CALTHROP. 

With  a  Frontispiece.  Crown  8vo,  6s. 
This  story  in  its  mediaeval  setting  is  characterized  ;by 
its  originality  and  distinction.  Mr.  Calthrop's  book'l  is 
being  generally  praised  for  its  poetry,  grace,  and  beauty, 
Its  chief  character,  Pipin,  with  his  unquenchable  ardour 
for  romantic  adventure,  is  the  most  original  and  fantastic 
figure  in  modern  fiction.  There  is  throughout  the  book 
colour  and  joy  of  life,  with  now  and  then  the  touch  of 
sadness  which  is  the  necessary  shadow  in  so  much  sunshine. 

PARTNERS  OF  PROVIDENCE. 

By    CHARLES    D.    STEWART, 
Author  of   '  The  Fugitive   Blacksmith.' 
Illustrated  with  over  100  Sketches.     Crown  Svo,  6s. 
A  book  for  the  young  in  age  and  heart.    A  companion 
book  to  '  Huckleberry  Finn  '  and  '  Tom  Sawyer.' 

RACHEL    CHALFONT. 

By  SOPHIE  COLE.     Crown  8vo,  6s.  [Shortly. 

ISLE    RAVEN. 

By  OWEN  VAUGHAN.    Crown  8vo,  6s.  [Shortly. 

THE  PRODIGAL  NEPHEW. 

By  JUDSON  BOLT. 

With  Illustrations  by  FRED  BENNETT. 

In  cloth,  crown  8vo,  3s.  6rf. 

Readers  of  Mr.  Jacobs's  well-known  tales  will  extend  a 

welcome  to  a  newcomer  whose  work  suggests  comparison 

with  that  of  the  popular  humourist.    'The  Prodigal  Nephew' 

is  a  tale  of  rollicking  good  humour  and  broad  farce,  but 

with  a  serious  and  most  satisfactory  ending. 

"I  do  not  intend  to  give  away  the  plot  of  Mr.  .Tudson 
Bolt's  amusing  book.  As  a  humourist  writer  he  certainly 
has  a  gift  that  way,  and  reminds  me  of  Mr.  W.  W.  Jacobs 
and  the  famous  Somerville-Ross  combination." — Punch. 


MUIRHEAD    AND    GERTRUDE    BONE'S    NOTABLE    WORK. 

CHILDREN'S    CHILDREN.      By    Gertrude    Bone. 

Illustrated  with  upwards  of  60  Drawings  by  MUIRHEAD  BONE. 
Ordinary  Edition,  6s.  net.      Limited  Edition  on  Japanese  Vellum  (200  Copies),  25s.  net. 

"  With  its  gleams  of  humour,  its  gentleness,  its  reverent  pity,  it  is  a  very  tender  study  of  country  life,  written  by  one  who  must  know  that  life  well, 
and  sees  it  closely  linked  with  the  earth  that  moulds  it.  The  author  is  fortunate  in  having  for  interpreter  and  commentator  (rather  than  illustrator)  Mr. 
Muirhead  Bone.  In  these  sensitive  and  tender  drawings  of  fields  and  farms  and  their  inhabitants,  the  artist  takes  us  far  from  the  towns.  Landscapes  and 
figures  alike  are  full  of  the  atmosphere  of  the  story  ;  they  catch  the  very  spirit  of  country  places,  and  of  the  people,  unbeautiful  save  to  the  sympathetic 
eye,  whose  hearts  the  author  lays  open." — Times. 

"Mrs.  Bone's  tale  of  peasant  life  is  marked  by  a  fine  quality  of  restraint  and  a  remarkable  simplicity,  which  makes  the  realism  of  its  tragedy 
intensely  impressive,  while  there  is  no  jarring  note  to  disturb  the  effect.  The  minor  characters  of  the  village  life,  with  their  tragedies  and  comedies,  are 
also  drawn  with  fidelity.  The  same  impression  of  truth  which  finds  its  interpretation  in  a  dignified  simplicity  is  equally  characteristic  of  Mr.  Bone's 
drawings,  with  which  the  book  is  illustrated."— Athenamm. 


London:    DUCKWORTH  &  CO.  3,  Henrietta  Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C. 


L82 


T  II  E     A  Til  EN  T:r  M 


No.  U90,  Feb.  15,  1908 


MACMILLAN  &  CO.'S 

NEW    BOOKS. 


SECOND    IMPRESSION. 

RAMBLING 

RECOLLECTIONS. 

IIV 

Sir  HENRY   DRUMMOND  WOLFF. 

With  Photogravure  and  other  Illustrations. 

2  vols.  8vo,  30*.  net. 

Daily    Chronicle.— "Sir   Henry   has    returned    from    his 
tr.iMls  laden  with  good  stories,  gathered  in  every  part  of 

the     tivili/.'.l    and     uncivilized    world It     is    really 

impossible   to   do  justice  to  the  variety  and   ubiquity  of 
these    vims.       One    is    almost     hound    to   suspect — it    is   a 

terrible  accusation— that  sir  Hear;  has  kept  a  notebook. 
There  is  scarcely  any  side  of  life  that  he  does  not  touch." 

THE  COMING  STRUGGLE 
IN    EASTERN    ASIA. 

By  B.  L.  PUTNAM  WEALE,  Author  of  'Manchu  and 

Muscovite,'   'The  lie-Shaping  of  the  Far  East,'  'The 

Truce  in  the  East.'    With  numerous  Illustrations  and 

a  Comprehensive  Map.    8vo,  12*.  6d.  net. 

Times. — "Mr.  Weale's  new  book  is  a  storehouse  of  fresh 

knowledge  about  the  later  developments  in  the  Far  East, 

and  no  student  of  Asiatic  affairs  can  afford  to  ignore  it." 

THE  POCKET  KIPLING. 


Scarlet  limp  leather,  5*.  net  per  vol. 
FROM  SEA  TO    SEA.     Vol.  L 


[Tuesday. 


THIKD   AND   CONCLUDING  PART. 


THE  DYNASTS. 


A   Drama    of    the    Napoleonic   Wars.      By  THOMAS 
HARDY.     Part  III.     Crown  8vo,  4*.  6d.  net. 
Previously  Published :  Parts  I.  and  II.  4*.  6d.  net  each. 

A    NEW    BOOK    ON    BUDDHISM. 

THE  INWARD  LIGHT. 

By  H.  FIELDING  HALL,  Author  of  'The  Soul 
of  a  People,'  &c.    8vo,  10*.  net. 

ST.  PAUL'S  EPISTLES  TO 
THE    THESSALONIANS. 

Greek  Text,  with  Introduction  and  Notes  by  GEORGE 
MILLIGAN,  D.D.    8vo,  12*. 

CANON  HENSLEY  HENSON'S  NEW  BOOK 
THE  NATIONAL  CHURCH. 

Essays  on  its  History  and  Constitution,  and  Criticisms 
of  its  Present  Administration.  With  an  Introduction 
by  the  Rev.  J.  LLEWELYN  DA  VIES,  D.D.  Crown  8vo, 
6*.  

ARCHDEACON  CHEETHAM'S  NEW  BOOK. 
A  HISTORY  OF  THE  CHRISTIAN 
CHURCH  SINCE  THE 
REFORMATION.  crown  svo,  io*.  eg. 

DR.    SWETE'S   NEW   BOOK. 
THE  APPEARANCES  OF  OUR 
LORD  AFTER  THE   PASSION. 

A  Study  in  the  Earliest  Christian  Tradition.  Crown 
8vo,  2*.  6d.  net.  

THE  INQUISITION  IN  THE 
SPANISH  DEPENDENCIES. 

Sicily  —  Naples  —  Sardinia—  Milan  —  The  Canaries  — 
Mexico— Peru— New  Granada.  By  HENRY  CHARLES 
LEA,  LL.D.     8vo,  10*.  6rf.  net. 

IS  MARS  HABITABLE  P 

A  Critical  Examination  of  Prof.  Percival  Lowell's  book, 
'  Mars  and  its  Canals,'  with  an  Alternative  Explana- 
tion. By  ALFRED  RUSSEL  WALLACE,  F.R.S. 
With  Map,  2*.  6d. 

A    NEW   VOLUME    OF    ESSAYS. 

C0NFESSI0   MEDICI. 

By  the  Writer  of  '  The  Young  People.'    Extra  crown 
8vo,  3*.  6d.  net. 
Daily    Telegraph.— "This    thoughtful,    cultivated,    and 
delicately  written  study." 


MACMILLAN  k  CO.,  Ltd.,  London. 


HURST  &  BLACKETT'S 

NEW  LIST. 


SIX-SHILLING    NOVELS. 

.voir    heady. 

NEW  NOVEL  BY  MRS.  FRED  REYNOLDS. 

Author  of  'A  Quaker  Wooing,1  '  in  BilODOO,'  kc. 

ST.  DAVID  OF  THE  DUST. 

JUST  PUBLISHED. 
The  First  Impression  being  exhausted  on  publica- 
tion, a  SECOND  is  NOW  READY. 

THE      RED      PERIL. 

By  COULSON  KERN  AH  AN. 

Author  of  '  Captain  Shannon,'  '  The  Dumpling,'  kc. 

"The  opening  chapter  reaches  a  quiet  level  of 
intensity,  keener  than  that  of  mere  sensationalism, 
which  is  well  maintained  to  the  close  of   the  book. 

An  able,  well- told  storj',  it  is  sure  to  be  widely 

read. " — Scotsman. 

NEW  NOVEL  BY  A  NEW  WRITER. 

THE       MYSTERY      ISLAND. 

By    EDWARD    H.     HURST. 

With  a  Coloured  Frontispiece. 

"It  contains  novelty  of  plot  and  of  situation, 
novelty  of  atmosphere,  and  a  fine  freshness  in  the 
telling ;  and  it  is,  indeed,  the  most  exhilarating 
story  we  have  read  this  year." — Morning  Leader. 

THE       IMBECILES. 

By  L.  LOCKHART  LANG, 

Author  of  '  The  Vulgar  Truth,'  &e. 

"  This  is  an  altogether  admirable  production 

as  entertaining  a  work  of  fiction  as  has  cheered  our 
path  for  many  a  day." — World. 

"  An  exceedingly  diverting  skit  on  the  craze  for 

the  simple  life Everybody  will  laugh  heartily 

over  'The  Imbeciles.'  " — Standard. 

CLEMENTINA'S 

HIGHWAYMAN. 

By  R.  NEILSON  STEPHENS, 
Author  of  '  The  Enemy  of  the  King,'  &c. 

AND 

G.  H.  WESTLEY, 

Author  of  '  At  the  Court  of  the  King,'  &c. 
6  Illustrations  by  ADELAIDE  EVERHART. 

"It  is  a  wholesome  and  pleasant  story  of  a 
picturesque,  though  lawless,  period." 

Daily  Telegraph. 

NEXT   WEEK. 
NEW  NOVEL  BY  EDWARD  McNULTY. 

MRS.  MULLIGANS  MILLIONS 

NEW  NOVEL  BY  MRS.  ALICE   DIEHL. 

AN  ACTORS  LOVE  STORY. 

IN  THE  PJRESS. 

GUESSES      AT      TRUTHS. 

Ethical,  Social,  Political,  and  Literary. 

By  DAVID  CHRISTIE  MURRAY. 

Some   "Merlin"   Contributions   to   the   Referee. 

With  a  Portrait.     Crown  8vo,  6s. 


HURST    &    BLACKETT,    Limited, 
182,  High  Holborn,  W.C. 


THE  GRANT 
RICHARDS 

BOOKS 

A    SELECTION 
PEKI  N       TO        PARIS 

An    Account   of    I'm 
Journey  acroea  Two  Continents  in 
,t  Motor  Car.   By  LUIGI  BARZINI. 
With  i"0  niwfTTetffme. 

The  Daily  Telegraph.  — "  There  U 
no  dull  or  laboured  page  ;  no 
superfluous  detail,  no  unreal 
word  •  painting,  but  htmight for- 
ward, brisk,  breezy,  cheery  telling 
of  a  remarkable  adventure,  in  a 
way  that  makes  it  a  joy  to  read 
and    a    pleasure    to     remember." 

THE 

HERITAGE    OF   DRESS 

Being  Notes  on  the  History  and 
Evolution  of  Clothes  by  WIL- 
FRED MARK  WEBB.  With  over 
200  Illustrations.  15*.  net.  Trie 
Daily  Chronicle.  —  "  Mr.  Webb's 
research  has  been  most  exhaus- 
tive, and  his  book  is  really 
instructive       and       entertaining." 

Fl  FT Y     YEARS      OF 
MODERN     PAINTING 

COROT  TO  SARGENT.  By  J.  E. 
PHYTHIAN,  Author  of  'G.  E. 
Watts,'  Ac.  With  S  Illustrations 
in  Colour  and  32  in  Half-Tone. 
10*.  6d.  net.  Ready  February  25. 
A  History  of  Painting  during  the 
latter  half  of  the  Nineteenth 
Century.  The  Author  deals  with 
Painting  in  Great  Britain,  France, 
Germany    and    other     Countries. 


THE 

ROMA 


CE    OF    STEEL 


The  Storv  of  a  Thousand  Millionaires 
By  HERBERT  N.  CASSON.  With 
66  Portraits.  10*.  6d.  net.  Feb.  IS. 
The  first  popular  history  of  a 
gTeat  industry,  told  in  such  a  way 
that  it  will  be  appreciated  even 
by  those  who  have  no  technical 
knowledge   of    Steel-making. 


NEW     NOVELS 
THE 

UNPARDONABLE     SIN 

By  JAMES  DOUGLAS.  With 
Frontispiece  in  Colour  by  Frank 
Haviland.  6*.  Dr.  Robertson 
NlCOLL,  in  the  British  Weekly. — 
"  A  book  which  will  be  read  with 
growing  interest  and  amazement. 
I  sat  down  'astonied,'  like  the 
old  Jews,  when  I  had  finished  it. 
It  is  when  Mr.  Douglas  describes 
the  turmoil  of  conscience  in  the 
soul  of  a  modern  man  bred  in  a 
religious  atmosphere  that  we 
touch  the  deepest  things. 
Gabriel  is  a  male  Tess.  This  is 
a   book    that    speaks   for   itself." 


THE       INDIVIDUALIST 

By  PHILIP  GIBBS.  An  early 
review.  P.T.O.  —  "This  sane, 
logically  conceived,  clever,  and 
broad-minded  novel  is  very  true 
to  life. .  ..There  are  so  many 
fine  bits  of  description,  so  many 
thrilling    moments."        Price    6*. 


GRANT     RIC-HARDS 
7,  CARLTON  ST.,  LONDON.  8.W. 


No.  4190,  Feb.  15,  1908 


THE    ATHEMUM 


183 


SATURDAY,  FEBRUARY  15,  1908. 


CONTENTS. 

PAGE 

The  New  Theology  and  the  Old  Religion        ..    183 

The  Oxford  Dictionary 184 

Mr.  Symons  on  the  Cities  of  Italy 185 

Early  Christian  Ethics  in  the  West  ..  ..185 
New  Novels  (The  Grain  Carriers ;  Caroline ;  The 
Imbeciles ;  Eve's  Apple ;  The  Pest ;  Shorty 
McCabe  ;  Beau  Brocade ;  The  Anchorage)  . .  . .  187 
Theological  Literature  (The  Old  Testament ; 
Problems  and  Discussions;  The  New  Testa- 
ment)   188-190 

Our  Library  Table  (A  Critical  Examination  of 
Socialism  ;  The  House  of  Lords  ;  A  History  of  the 
1900  Parliament ;  Wages  and  Employment ;  The 
Reminiscences  of  Albert  Pell  ;  The  Red  Reign  ;  A 
Parson's  Ponderings ;  L'CEuvre  des  Missions  pro- 
testantes  a  Madagascar;  The  G.  B.  S.  Calendar)  191—193 
Graham  of  Claverhouse;  Veytia's  'Calendarios 

mexicanos' 193 

List  of  New  Books 194 

Literary  Gossip       195 

Science— Some  Nature  Biographies  ;  The  Story 
of  Insect  Life;  My  Rock-Garden  ;  Societies  ; 
Meetings  Next  Week  ;  Gossip  ..  ..  197—198 
Fine  Arts— Pillow  Lace  ;  Baldwin  Brown  on 
Rembrandt  ;  Index  to  Arch/EOLOgical 
Papers;  The  County  Hall;  The  Modern 
Society  of  Portrait  Painters  ;  New  Associa- 
tion of  Artists  ;  Pictures  by  the  late  Sir 
Noel  Paton  ;  The  British  School  at  Athens  ; 
A  Seventeenth-Century  MS.  Plan  of  Rome  ; 

Sale  ;  Gossip  ;  Exhibitions 199—202 

Music— A  History  of  Music  in  England;  Ignaz 
Jan    Paderewski  ;    Gossip  ;    Performances 

Next  Week         202—203 

Drama— The    Woman    of  Kronstadt;    Rosmers- 

holm  ;  The  English  Stage  of  To-day  ..     203—204 
Index  to  Advertisers      204 


LITERATUKE 


The  New  Theology  and  the  Old  Religion. 
By  Charles  Gore,  Bishop  of  Birmingham. 
(John  Murray.) 

This  book  is  of  happy  omen.     It  reminds 
us  that  at  least  one  bishop  is  not  so  deeply 
immersed  in  practical  and  administrative 
duties  that  he  has  no  leisure  to  take  note 
of    what    is    passing    in    the    intellectual 
world  :    it  shows,  indeed,  that  Dr.  Gore  is 
aware  that  at  this  moment  the  supremely 
practical  problem  is  the  intellectual.    This 
generation  is  asking  itself  the  question, 
"  What    think  ye    of    Christ  ?  "    with    a 
passion  of  inquiring  zeal,  forced  upon  it 
by   the   most   imperious   of   all   masters, 
necessity — necessity     born     at     once     of 
modern  science  and  modern  civilization. 
Only   those   below   the   normal   level   of 
culture  refrain  from  asking  this  question 
— and  not  all  of  these.     One  attempt  at 
an  answer  is  that  associated  with  the  name 
of  the  Rev.  R.  J.  Campbell,  who  brought 
it  into  popular  prominence.      In  reality 
Mr.   Campbell  is  only  one  among  many 
exponents    of    a    point    of    view    widely 
prevalent,    and    confined    to    no    single 
denomination,  no  one   country,   or  even 
hemisphere.     Bishop  Gore  has  done  well 
to  treat  the  subject  with  attention,  since 
too  many  of  the  orthodox  are  inclined  to 
pass  by  on  the  other  side.     It  is  the  con- 
temptuous   sniff    with    which    adherents 
of  the  true  faith — High,  Low,  or  Broad — 
treat   the   heterodox   that   is   chiefly   re- 
sponsible for  the  vitality  of  schisms. 

Dr.  Gore's  method  is  different.  He 
takes  the  widest  view  he  can,  trying  to  see 
the  case  of  his  adversaries  at  its  best,  not 
its  worst ;  he  does  not  confine  himself  to 
a  crude  presentment  of  the  matter,  but 
makes  frequent  use  of  Sir  Oliver  Lodge's 


famous  '  Catechism.'     Thus  he  is  able  to 
expound  the  essentials  of  the  new  theology 
with   force   and   lucidity,    and    to   set   it 
beside  the  system  of  the  Catholic  creeds, 
and  the  reader  has  a  means  of  comparing 
the  two  systems.     We  are  not  sure  that 
any  apologetic   can   do   more   than   this. 
It  can  show  what  both  sides  mean,  and 
leave    the    reader    to    take    his    choice. 
Nothing  was  more  foolish  than  the  ancient 
method  of  '  The  Infidel  Unmasked  ;    or, 
Scepticism    demolished    by    a    Series    of 
Irrefragable   Arguments,    and   shown   by 
a     Convincing     Demonstration     to    lead 
to    Vice     and    Insurrection.'      This    not 
unfair  description  of  what  used  to  be  the 
fashionable  method  of  exposition  is  pre- 
cisely  the   opposite   of   the   sympathetic 
and  interested  manner  of  Dr.  Gore.     At 
the  same  time  he  makes  it  perfectly  clear 
that  in  his  view  the  "new  theology"  is  not 
in  any  historical  sense  Christianity,  but 
virtually    a    capitulation    to    Pantheistic 
idealism  ;  that  its  characteristic  differences 
from  all  forms  of  the  Christian  faith  are 
profound ;      and    that    its    fundamental 
conception   of   human   nature,   its   needs 
and  its  hopes,  are  radically  different. 

The  same  view  is  expressed  with  greater 
force  in  the  five  sermons  at  the  end. 
These,  to  our  thinking,  are  the  most 
valuable  part  of  the  volume.  Like  all 
Bishop  Gore's  writings,  they  are  a  little 
unattractive  and  hard.  His  style  is 
lucid  without  grace,  and  strong  without 
elasticity.  He  has  none  of  the  imaginative 
glow  of  Westcott — none  of  his  power  of 
suggestion,  of  hinting  at  the  depths  beyond 
depths.  He  brings  to  his  aid  no  subtlety 
and  little  atmosphere.  It  is  like  a  relief 
map,  not  a  picture.  But  perhaps  what 
Dr.  Gore  loses  in  charm  he  gains  in  prac- 
tical effectiveness.  Certainly  the  main 
ideas  of  these  discourses  strike  us  as  at 
once  sound  and  important.  They  needed 
stating,  for  they  are  not  always  recognized, 
even  by  those  in  apparent  agreement 
with  Dr.  Gore,  and  when  admitted  in 
words  are  often  ignored  in  practice. 

Of  one  of  them  we  shall  say  little.  The 
Church  Congress  sermon  on  '  The  Church 
and  the  Poor  '  is  largely  a  statement  of 
the  point  of  view  which  the  Rev. 
J.  H.  F.  Peile  has  expressed  in  his  recent 
Bampton  Lectures.  We  do  not,  there- 
fore, think  the  subject  requires  further 
mention,  and  need  only  say  that  the 
sermon  is  the  most  impressive  thing  in 
the  book. 

But  it  is  in  the  other  sermons,  especially 
in  that  on  '  The  Creed  and  Common  Life,' 
that  the  importance  of  the  book  chiefly  lies. 
An  able  writer  in  The  Westminster  Gazette 
has  recognized  where  the  real  crux  is 
— in  the  doctrine  of  sin.  Any  true 
apologetic  must  start  from  this  fact — 
the  universality  of  sin,  and  the  need  of 
redemption.  Of  course,  many  will  not 
admit  the  fact,  and  to  them  Christian 
apology  will  ring  hollow.  It  always  has 
done  so.  It  always  will  do  so.  Christ 
came  "  not  to  call  the  righteous,  but 
sinners  to  repentance."  Apart  from  sin 
a  high  philosophic  ideal  does  as  well  as 
the  Christian  faith  or  better,  satisfies 
the  craving   for  a  religion,   and  escapes 


the  need  and  the  difficulty  of  the  miracu- 
lous. All  apologetic  on  orthodox  fines 
is  ruined  at  the  outset  which  merely  sets 
out,  like  the  philosopher,  to  develope 
from  man's  consciousness,  supposed  to 
be  normally  good,  the  idea  of  God,  and 
the  necessary  elements  of  religion.  This 
is  largely  what  has  vitiated  apology  for 
the  past  two  centuries,  as  we  said  once 
before,  and  Dr.  Gore  has  been  well  advised 
in  putting  sin  in  the  forefront  of  the 
battle  ;  that  is  the  supreme  discontinuity 
in  life,  which  demonstrates  to  those  who 
feel  it  the  utter  inadequacy  of  the  ' '  natural- 
istic "  theory  of  things,  with  its  erection 
of  uniformity  into  an  idol. 

In  another  sermon,   on   '  Sacrifice  the 
Genius  of  the  Christian  Religion,'  Bishop 
Gore  has  rightly  estimated  the  real  nature 
of   the   practical   appeal   of   Christianity. 
It  is  because  the  Anglican  Church  since 
the  Reformation  has  largely  ignored  this 
truth — because    she    has    been     content 
with  a  practical  conception  of  Christian 
enthusiasm  far  below  that  of  so  benighted 
a  Roman  Catholic  country  as  Bavaria — 
that   she   has,   as   Dr.    Gore   points   out, 
virtually    become    an    upper-middle-class 
institution,    with   no   hold   on   the   great 
army  of  industrials,  except  that  given  by 
patronage,   charity,    and   social   position. 
If  the  English  Church  is  to  be  of  any  real 
service  to  humanity  in  the  days  that  are 
coming,  she  will  have  to  get  rid  of  the 
Nessus  shirt  of  respectability  and  comfort, 
and  shine  once  more  with  the  splendour 
that    comes    from    sacrifice,    and    gives 
to  St.  Paul  and  St.  Dominic,  St.  Cuthbert, 
St.    Francis    and    St.     Clare,    and    even 
St.  Ignatius,  a  charm  and  a  power  that 
are  "  not  of   this  world."     Wherever,  in 
slums  or  elsewhere,  this  spirit  is   shown, 
results     at     once    follow ;     where    it    is 
not,    what   have   we  ?     The   comfortable 
ecclesiastic  and  the  ':  delightful  "  house, 
and    all    the    paraphernalia  o'  nonsense 
which  is  throttling  religion  with  comfort, 
and  making  the  cleric  a  byword  for  pride 
and    stupidity.     It    is,    as    Bishop    Gore 
admirably  points  out,  the  lack  in  a  great 
measure  of  these  two  fundamental  ideas, 
the   sense   of   sin  and  the  intimate  con- 
nexion between  Christ's  call  and  sacrifice, 
which  largely  diminishes  the  value  of  the 
best   academic    criticism   and  apologetic. 
It  is   aloof,   superior,   and  non-human — 
written  as  a  rule  by  men  of  too  excellent 
a  character,  and  too  agreeable  surround- 
ings, to  know  what  the  realities  of  life 
are,   and   with  far  less   means   than   the 
ordinary     clergy     for     the     personal     or 
vicarious    comprehension    of    the    cry    of 
St.  Paul,   "  O  wretched   man  that  I  am, 
who  shall  deliver  me  from  the  body  of 
this  death  ?  " 

The  whole  evil  results  partly  from 
the  inevitable  specialization  of  labour, 
and  partly  from  the  tendency  to  translate 
means  into  ends,  and,  instead  of  treating 
intellectual  discussion  as  a  method  of 
explaining  or  defending  the  faith,  to  regard 
it  as  though  it  were  the  only  road  to  arrive 
at  it.  In  respect  to  scholasticism  we  all 
admit  it  : — 

"  Till  men  lost  tho  sonso  of  the  ond  in  tho 
pursuit  of  moans,  thoy  felt  that  tho  fewer 


1M 


t  n  E    AT  ii  i:n  .]•:  r  M 


No.  U90,  Feb.  15,  1908 


dogmas  they  Uhid  <!.>\mi  •"><•  i'1"  Dearer  they 
i  t<>  Scripture  term*  the  better,     But,  oi 

OOUT  B,     JUSI     as    Christianity.     hiivm  j     D     •! 

tlar  organisati became  enslaved  to  it, 

so,  having  used  terms  and  methods  of  philo- 
sophy, it  oams  to  misuse  them  as  rehgiom 
ends  in  themselves,  and  was  oarried  Ear  away 
from  the  purposes  <>t"  Christian  life  and 
faith,  into  s  region  of  dogmatic  definitions, 
which  '  miniatered  Questionings'  rather  than 

Christian  faith  and  hope- and  lOVO," 

Bishop  Qore  points;  out  how  in  u  dilTerent 
why  this  academic  taint  lias  minimized 
the  influence  of  the  Anglican  Church  : — 

"  Tho  Established  Church  has  always  had 
this  groat  weakness  :  that  it  has  worked 
downwards  from  above  rather  than  upwards 
from  below.  It  has  been  so  with  our 
Anglican  theology.  In  our  age  theological 
and  Biblical  learning  has  mainly  started 
from  a  critical,  and  thoreforo  necessarily  an 
academic,  platform.  It  has  not  had  tho 
popular  devotion  and  faith  bohind  it." 

He  points  out  how  different  is  the 
early  theology  of  the  Church  : — 

"  Tho  strength  of  this  early  intellectual 
system  of  Christianity  lay  in  its  unaca- 
demical  origin  ;  in  its  remaining  in  very 
close  relation  to  the  common  life  of  common 
people — to  their  simple  worship,  their 
moral  wants  and  satisfactions,  their  sorrows 
and  joys  and  labours," 

and  he  appeals  impressively  to  the  repre- 
sentatives of  learning  in  Cambridge  to 
follow  a  similar  course  to-day,  and 

"  set  it  before  themselves  as  a  deliberate 
aim  to  associate  themselves  with  the 
common  devotional  life  of  Christianity  as 
it  exists  in  the  Church  to-day  ;  so  that 
they  may  learn  to  do  more  effectively 
than  is  being  done  to-day  what  is  the  real 
business  of  Christian  learning,  viz.,  to  help 
and  guide  the  common  life,  as  they  only 
can  do  who,  besides  their  critical  learning, 
know  and  feel  the  supremacy  of  the  soul's 
practical  need." 

We  trust  this  appeal  will  not  be  un- 
regarded. Bishop  Gore  has  won  for 
himself  what  few  practical  clerics  possess 
— the  intellectual  right  to  speak  thus 
to  the  professors  and  tutors  of  a  great 
University.  We  are  convinced  of  the 
correctness  of  his  diagnosis.  There  is  a 
deplorable  divorce  between  academic 
opinion  and  popular  devotion,  whether 
clerical  or  lay.  It  is  not  all,  though  it 
is  partly,  the  fault  of  the  arrogance  born 
of  ignorance  and  the  superstition  that 
takes  fussy  activity  for  the  whole  duty 
of  the  clergy.  The  academic  world  in  its 
ease,  its  agreeable  aloofness  from  the 
sordid  side  of  life,  its  intellectual  self- 
complacency,  and  above  all  its  ignorance 
of  what  sin  means,  is  partly  to  blame. 
For  even  Divinity  Professors  have  some- 
thing to  learn.  Christ  came  to  preach 
the  Gospel  to  the  poor ;  that  is  "  His 
essential  method,  and  it  (the  Church)  does 
not  lay  its  basis  in  learning,  or  make  its 
start  from  the  learned.  Where  it  attempts 
this  it  forsakes  the  method  of  Christ." 
We  deplore  the  Olympian  indifference, 
and  the  still  more  irritating  Olympian 
interference  of  those  who  appear  to  treat 
religion  as  though  it  were  not  a  life  to  be 
lived,  but  a  thesis  to  be  debated  or  an 


epigram  to  be  enjoyed.     In  mob  •  ipirit 

the  learned  may  write  \a  I  liable  mono- 
graphs, and  edit  unimaginable  manu- 
oripts,  bid,  they  will  not  have  any  vital 
hold  on  the  thought  of  the  people,  or 
i\  en  the  lives  of  the  olei  :'\'.      K\ 'i  v  college 

in  Oxford  and  Cambridge  ought  to  put 
Bishop  Goreta  sermon  into  the  hande 
of  its  clerical  Fellows,  and  insist  in  addition 
on  a  little  practical  parochial  work  in 
the  Long  Vacation.  Learning  in  the  end 
would  gain  by  the  apparent  loss  ;  and 
the  whole  view  of  possibilities  and  propor- 
tions would  be  widened. 


A  New  English  Dictionary  on  Historical 
Principles.  —  Polygenous  -  Premious. 
(Vol.  VII.)  Edited  by  Dr.  J.  A.  H. 
Murray.     (Oxford,  Clarendon  Press.) 

The  issue  for  the  New  Year  of  the  second 
consecutive  triple  section  strengthens  our 
expectation  that  the  gaps  at  the  end 
of  the  letter  P  and  the  letter  M  from 
"  monopoly  "  will  have  disappeared  before 
January,  1909,  so  that  the  great  work 
will  be  complete  up  to  a  point  near  the 
end  of  the  letter  R,  which  has  reached 
"reserve"  already.  Though  encumbered 
with  words  in  "  poly-,"  "  pre-,"  and 
"  post-,"  this  instalment  is  up  to,  if  not 
beyond,  the  average  in  the  importance 
of  the  words  it  contains  and  the  signal 
advance  in  the  method  of  their  treatment. 
The  general  public, botanists  and  gardeners, 
and  students  of  history  will  be  most  enter- 
tained by  the  article  on  "  potato,"  as  to 
which  Dr.  Murray  says  in  his  prefatory 
note  : 

"  Among  names  of  Plants,  the  premier 
place  is  taken  by  Potato,  the  article  on  which 
clears  up  various  points  in  the  early  history 
of  the  word  and  the  plant,  taking  us  back 
to  a  time  when  •  common  potatoes  '  were  the 
Sweet  Potato  or  Batata,  and  the  common 
potato  of  our  day  was  '  Bastard  Potatoes.' 
Thanks  are  due  to  the  Royal  Society  for 
extracts  from  their  MS.  Journals  of  1663  and 
1693,  the  first  recommending  the  potato  for 
cultivation  in  England  *  in  time  of  scarcity,' 
and  the  second  mentioning  (for  the  first 
time)  the  'grandfather's  tale  '  that  associated 
it  with  the  name  of  Sir  Walter  Raleigh." 

In  the  article  Dr.  Murray  tells  us  that 
the  knight  never  was  in  Virginia,  and 
that  the  potato  is  not  a  native  of  Virginia, 
thus  correcting  the  latest  encyclopaedia. 
Whether  the  "  poverty  of  language  "  or 
its  economy  is  exemplified  or  not  by  the 
fact  that  the  monosyllable  "  post  "  stands 
for  seventeen  distinct  words,  the  array 
of  ten  substantives  under  this  one 
homonym  shows  the  great  superiority  of 
Dr.  Murray's  vocabulary  and  analysis  over 
those  of  his  predecessors,  who  generally 
content  themselves  with  sorting  the  senses 
of  "  post "  into  those  which  do  and  do 
not  imply  something  fixed  in  a  more  or 
less  upright  position,  viz.,  the  Anglo- 
Saxon  derivative  from  Latin  postis — the 
"  post  "  of  travelling  and  correspondence 
being  from  French  poste,  borrowed  early 
in  the  sixteenth  century,  and  ultimately 
from  Latin  posita.  The  military  "  post  " 
with  its  extensions  of  meaning  was  taken 


from  Breach  /xjstc,  masc.,  from  Latin 
positwn  ;   the  oard-playi  i        post",  from 

Italian     posfo  ;      the     pap.  I  -ED  d.<  i   -     ErOffl 

German  Potten;    the  lawyer's  bom  the 

Latin  preposition ;  and  the  accountant"', 
from   B    \ei  I)    "  to   J''  I     ■     b  ..  b     'all 

[s  an  abbreviated  phrase  from  the  military 

"  post,"  like  •"  post  "'  for  "  j  'ain  "  ; 

and  the  rare  "  poet  M  ol  the  opium-eater 
is  Urdu  for  a  poppy-head. 

At  Least  two  dozen  words  beginning 
with  "  pon-  "  are  treated  which  have  not 
been  recorded  in  any  previous  dictionary, 

and  of  this  specimen  it  may  be  said  "  ex 
pede  Herculem  "  ;  but  the  great  increase 
in  the  registered  vocabulary  is  not  the 
most  useful  and  attractive  item  of  pre- 
eminence, for,  if  lexicographers  could 
only  manage  it,  they  would  earn  national 
gratitude  by  consigning  to  the  limbo  of 
disuse  a  huge  multitude  of  superfluous 
derivatives  and  importations. 

Shakspeare  and  Bacon  are  quoted  (1606, 
1605)  for  the  substantive  "  posture,"  but 
for  some  reason  Richardson's  citation, 
about  twenty  years  earlier,  from  Sidney's 
'  Arcadia  '  is  not  borrowed.  The  state- 
ment that  "  pound  "=  enclosure,  pond, 
is  "  not  found  till  near  the  end  of  the 
Mid  die -English  period  "  is  too  positive, 
as  in  the  Corpus  Glos  ary  "  pund  "  is  the 
equivalent  of  presorium,  which,  we  suggest, 
is  probably  a  corruption  of  presepium 
(Mr.  Hessels  collected  several  cases  of  o 
for  e,  and  two  of  r  for  p,  not  including  this 
restoration).  A  seventh  might  be  added 
to  the  six  "  pose  "  substantives  by  taking 
the  technical  term  in  dominoes  to  be 
distinct  from  "  pose  "  =  attitude,  to  which 
Dr.  Murray  refers  it,  and  deriving  it 
from  the  verb  "  pose  "  as  used  in  the  said 
game.  We  protest  against  the  admission 
of  the  possibility  that  the  obsolete  nautical 
"  predy  "  was  developed  from  the  order, 
"  Make  the  ship  ready,"  as  inconsistent 
with  cautious  etymology.  A  glance  at 
a  concordance  to  the  Bible  (1611)  would 
have  obviated  the  omission  of  St.  Paul's 
application  of  "  potentate  "  to  the  Deity, 
of  the  original  of  Sewel's  eighteenth-cen- 
tury loose  quotation  of  li  We  are  the  clay, 
and  thou  our  potter,"  of  instances  of  "  por- 
trayed "  in  Ezekiel,  and  of  a  seventeenth- 
century  instance  of  •"  powder  "  =  "  earth 
in  the  state  of  dry  impalpable  particles  " 
(here  only  1297-1533). 

After  1767  but  one  instance  of  "  poly- 
petalous,"  dated  1881,  is  given,  so  that 
it  might  be  inferred  that  the  term  is  not, 
as  it  is,  to  be  fcund  in  all  or  most  early 
nineteenth-century  books  on  botany.  In 
such  cases  modern  vogue  might  be  indi- 
cated independently  of,  or  without  quota- 
tions, as  in  the  excellent  article  on 
"  possibly,"  where  Addison  is  the  latest 
author  quoted  for  its  use  "  as  an  intensive 
qualification  of  can  or  could.''''  The  dates 
for  "  pomatum  pot  "  ?,re  1683  and  1885, 
though  it  is  mentioned  in  connexion  with 
Miss  Kenwigs's  recognition  of  Mr.  Lilly  - 
vick  in  the  shop  "  not  exactly  a  hair-dres- 
ser's." Dickens  again  speaks  of  the  Mayor 
of  Eatanswill's  "  air  of  pomp  "  ;  yet  the 
meaning  pompousness,  pomposity,  is  not 
noticed  under  "  pomp,"  unless  the  sense 


No.  4190,  Feb.  1-5,  1908 


THE    ATHENAEUM 


185 


"  vain  glory,"  which  is  marked  as  obso- 
lete, be  held  to  include  it.  For  "  poor  " 
in  the  substantive  sense  "  poor  people 
as  a  class,"  for  "  port  "  figuratively  used 
for  a  place  of  refuge  or  a  goal,  and 
for  divinely  "  possessed  "  Wordsworth's 
'  Excursion,'  Book  I.,  might  well  have 
been  quoted  :  "  of  the  poor  many  did 
cease  to  be,"  "  a  grove,  |  The  wished-for 
port  to  which  my  steps  were  bound," 
"  in  this  sort  |  Was  his  existence  often- 
times possess' 'd."  The  first  date  fcr 
"  position  "  (in  the  social  scale)  is  1865, 
but  it  must  occur  much  earlier.  In  1851 
Dickens's  Mrs.  Pocket  says,  "  I  hope  I 
know  my  poor  grandpapa's  position " 
('  Great  Expectations,'  chap,  xxiii.).  A 
literary  "  pot-pourri "  is  cited  from  an 
article  dated  1898 ;  yet  Carlyle  wrote 
"  may  perpetuate  it  [his  Rose]  as  pot- 
pourri "  (1837),  '  Diamond  Necklace,' 
chap.  ix.  The  latest  quotation  in  the 
section  in  which  the  "  pranks  "  of  the 
devil  find  place  is  1737,  yet  surely  the 
"  pranks  "  of  Shelley's  '  Witch  of  Atlas  ' 
(last  stanza)  might  also  appear.  Between 
1734  and  1885  there  is  room  for  the  voice 
of  Lamb's  sucking-pig  in  the  article  on 
"  preludium  "  :  "  something  between  a 
childish  treble  and  a  grumble — the  mild 
forerunner  or  prozludium  of  a  grunt."  If 
the  participial  adjective  "  preceding " 
(in  time)  be  not  treated  like  "  possibly," 
no  quotation  after  1720  would  be  better 
than  one  dated  1875  ;  a  good  instance  is 
to  be  found  in  Macaulay's  essay  on 
Machiavelli  (1827)  :  "  The  dawn  began 
to  reappear  before  the  last  reflection  of 
the  preceding  sunset  had  faded."  Hume's 
"  necessary  causes,  pre-ordained  and  pre- 
determined "  ('  Human  Understanding,' 
§  viii.  pt.  ii.,  1738),  would  have  improved 
the  article  on  the  latter  participle  ;  and 
as  to  "  preferment,"  the  same  may  be  said 
for  Dickens's  "Their  f athers . . . . were 
always  going  to  help  him  [their  teacher] 
to  preferment  "  ('  Great  Expectations,' 
chap,  xxiii.).  Milton's  "  portress  of  hell 
gate"  ('P.  L.,'  ii.  746)  would  have 
embellished  the  illustrations  of  "  portress," 
but  may  have  been  excluded  as  too 
familiar.  For  "  porridge  "  Scott  is  quoted 
as  giving  the  Scotch  form  "  porritch." 
Oddly  enough,  the  word  immediately 
preceding  the  quoted  speech  is  the 
author's  "  porridge,"  so  two  birds  might 
have  been  killed  with  one  stone. 

The  fullness  and  excellence  with  which 
the  scientific  uses  of  "  potential "  and 
"  power "  are  treated  have  drawn  our 
attention  to  the  technical  department  of 
the  Dictionary.  The  latest  conclusions  of 
thoroughly  competent  experts  in  each 
branch  of  study  and  research  have 
throughout  been  clearly  set  forth  with  as 
liberal  an  allowance  of  space  as  has  been 
given  to  the  literary  department,  which 
has,  it  may  be  feared,  unfairly  engrossed 
the  approbation  of  reviewers.  Religious 
and  ecclesiastical  terms  abound  in  this 
interesting  instalment,  such  as  the  groups 
connected  with  "  pontiff,"  "  pope," 
"  pray,"  "  prefigure,"  and  "  prelate." 

A  portion  of  M,  from  "  Monopoly," 
edited  by  Dr.  Bradley,  is  announced  for 
April  1st. 


Cities     of     Italy.     By     Arthur     Symons. 
(Dent  &  Co.) 

This  is  a  beautiful  and  quiet  book,  full  of 
delicate  observation  and  fine  criticism 
expressed  in  the  sensitive  prose  we  expect 
from  Mr.  Symons.  It  is  the  work  of  a 
man  for  whom,  it  might  seem,  Italy  has 
not  meant  more  than  certain  other 
countries — Spain  for  instance.  He  has 
cared  for  her  as  it  were  by  the  way,  as  he 
might  do  for  any  work  of  art  with  which 
he  found  himself  in  sympathy  —  not 
more,  but  assuredly  not  less.  This  is 
the  limitation  of  a  book  which  has 
little  to  say  of  the  cities  of  Italy, 
but  much  concerning  certain  visionary 
places  called  Rome,  Florence,  Venice, 
Naples.  Whatever  may  once  have 
been  the  case,  not  one  of  these  places  is 
to-day,  in  any  sense  of  the  word,  a  work 
of  art ;  but  each  is  in  its  own  fashion  a 
work  of  life — of  the  various  life  of  Italy, 
which  is  one  thing  in  Milan,  and  another 
in  Naples,  so  that  Rome  and  Florence  and 
Venice  might  seem  to  belong  to  three 
different  countries,  as  in  a  sense  they  do. 
But  the  life  of  modern  Italy,  putting  on 
nationality  so  slowly,  and  often  with  the 
worst  grace  in  the  world,  interests 
few  of  us.  Long,  long  ago,  when  our 
poets  went  to  Italy,  it  was  the  modern  life 
and  Loauty  to  be  found  there  that  took 
them  ;  and  if  they  came  back  singing  of 
Rome,  it  was  in  the  latest  Italian  fashion. 
For  our  poets  to-day  Italy  herself  might 
be  little  but  a  marvellous  ruin.  For  Mr. 
Symons,  certainly,  she  seems  to  be  a 
strange  work  of  art  that  time  has  made. 
And  so  some  who  read  these  chapters,  that 
almost  secretly — one  is  never  quite  sure  how 
— rather  evoke  than  describe  those  cities 
whose  names  are  more  familiar  to  us 
than  the  names  of  our  friends,  may 
complain  that  there  is  little  reality  in 
them,  that  there  are  singularly  few 
people,  and  nothing  of  the  tumult  of 
modern  Italy.  Any  such  criticism 
would  be  unfair.  What  Mr.  Symons  has 
found  is  that  our  love  has  given 
each  of  the  cities  a  universal  life, 
so  that  it  belongs  to  us  as  much 
as  to  the  people  who  happen  to  be 
living  there.  It  is  this  universal  life 
which  he  always  seeks  to  recognize  and 
to  express  ;  and  when  he  tells  us  that 
he  has  put  as  little  of  himself  as  possible 
into  these  pages,  he  means  not  that  what 
he  has  written  is  not  a  personal  vision, 
but  that  he  has  tried  to  express  that 
universal  life,  rather  than  to  write 
as  it  were  of  himself  in  regard  to 
Rome,  Naples,  and  so  forth.  In  this 
task  —  first  of  selection,  and  then 
of  expression  —  he  succeeds  best  when 
that  which  he  sets  out  to  evoke 
is  nearest  to  what  he  would  have  it 
— a  work  of  art.  Thus  the  best  chapter 
in  the  book  is  that  on  Ravenna,  and  then 
those  on  Venice  and  the  Campagna  of 
Rome.  Naples  escapes  Mr.  Symons 
altogether — it  is  at  once  too  obvious  and 
too  living.  He  is  happier  far  with  Pisa  ; 
but  it  is  in  Ravenna  and  the  Cam- 
pagna that  he  is  really  at  home,  that  his 
subject  becomes  for  a  moment  one  with 


the  form,  and  we  find  the  Ravenna  we 
know. 

Something  of  the  charm,  and  precise 
beauty  of  his  work,  and  of  its  naive 
truthfulness,  too,  may  be  found  in  this 
passage  from  the  chapter  on  Rome : — 

"  Withdraw  the  sun,  and  Rome  is  like 
a  face  from  which  the  smile  has  faded  ; 
change  the  wind,  and  one's  own  disposition 
changes  with  it.  Driving  one  day  in  the 
Campagna  outside  the  Porta  Furba,  I  saiv 
the  scirocco.  The  hills  above  Frascati 
wore  a  little  dimmed  with  clouds  ;  gradually 
a  vast,  white,  rolling  mist  came  violently 
up  out  of  the  sky  beyond  the  hills  ;  soft, 
stealthy,  pendulous,  undulating,  irresistible, 
it  came  coiling  rapidly  onward,  as  if  a 
poisonous  life  had  taken  shape  and  came 
serpentlike  upon  Rome.  Under  a  chill 
rain  these  narrow  streets,  with  their  wrinkled 
stones  in  which  the  rain  gathers,  became 
desolate  in  an  instant  ;  and  indoors  in  these 
houses  without  fires,  without  chimneys, 
life  becomes  intolerable.  Living,  as  one 
is  apt  to  do  here,  on  one's  sensations,  how 
can  any  happiness  be  possible  in  the  absence 
of  just  what  makes  the  happiness  of  the 
sensations  :  gracious  weather,  the  mere 
liberty  to  feel  without  discomfort?  By 
one's  fireside  in  London  a  storm  of  winter 
rain  matters  little  enough.  But  what  does 
anything  else  in  the  world  matter  here  in  a 
downpour  of  rain  in  winter  ?  " 

To  demand  that  a  book  such  as  this — 
a  book  in  which  the  very  genius  loci  has 
hidden  itself — should  be  strictly  accurate 
is,  perhaps,  too  much.  We  note,  how- 
ever, a  point  that  Mr.  Symons  may 
correct  in  a  second  edition,  that  it  was 
"  from  the  other  end  "  of  Milan,  not  of 
Florence,  that  Leonardo  would  come  and 
"  mount  the  scaffolding,  seize  the  brush, 
add  two  or  three  touches  to  a  single 
figure,  and  return  forthwith."  The  quota- 
tion is  from  Bandello  at  the  Introduction 
to  the  fifty-eighth  Novella.  There  are 
also  one  or  two  printers'  errors  in  the 
spelling  of  Italian  words,  such  as  "  Com- 
munale  "  for  Comunale. 


Early  Christian  Ethics  in  the  West  from 
Clement  to  Ambrose.  By  H.  H.  Scullard, 
D.D.     (Williams  &  Norgate.) 

The  idea  and  the  plan  of  this  work  are 
peculiar.  The  author  says  in  his  Intro- 
duction that 

"it  is  the  object  of  this  treatise  to  give 
some  account  of  the  history  of  Christian 
ethics  in  the  West  from  the  close  of  the 
Apostolic  Age  to  the  death  of  Ambrose 
in  the  year  397  a.d." 

But  his  notion  of  Christian  ethics  is  such 
that  there  can  be  no  history  of  the  subject. 
"  So  far,"  he  says, 

"  as  the  scienco  of  ethics  is  concerned, 
the  world  has  not  got  beyond  the  first  age 
of  Christian  teaching.  Philosophers  have 
discovered  nothing  now.  The  Cliristian 
Church  has  discovered  nothing  new." 

He  believes  that  philosophical  and  Chris- 
tian ethics  are  distinct  and  different — 
that 

"  the  affirmations  of  the  unrenowod  heart 
of  man  cannot  bo  implicitly  roliod  upon, 
still  loss  can  the  onfooblod  will  of  the  sinnor 
lay  hold  of  that  limited  good  to  which  con- 
science   prompts    him.     Both    illumination 


186 


THE     ATHENAEUM 


No.  4190,  Feb.  15,  1908 


and  power  are  needed  before  ■  man  beooi 
the  proper  subjeol  of  Christian  morality." 

The  Christian  philosopher,  on  the  other 
head, 

"  may  infer  the  grandeur  of  human  nature 
from  ite  ruins,  but  be  believes  in  th<>  possi- 
bility  of  reconstruction,  renewal,  regenera- 
tion, and  thai  only  as  a  new  creation  in 
Christ  Jeeua  does  a  man  bocomo  oithor  a 
oompetenl  exponent  or  a  truo  example 
of  Christian  morality." 

His    ideas    on    the    subject    are    thus 
expressed  :  — 

"  It  follows,  however,  from  this  that  no 
merely  psychological  troatmont  of  human  . 
nature  will  furnish  a  sure  basis  for  Christian 
ethics.  It  is  not  simply  by  the  contempla- 
tion of  human  nature  as  it  now  appears, 
but  as  it  also  is  in  the  thought  of  God 
that  we  can  form  a  Cliristian  ethic.  This 
assertion  at  once  suggests  the  absolutely 
necessary  assumption  or  presupposition  of 
Cliristian  ethics.  It  is  that  the  thought 
of  God  regarding  the  origin,  present  condi- 
tion, and  possibilities  of  human  nature 
has  been  made  known  to  us  in  Jesus  Christ. 
We  cannot  see  what  human  nature  is,  till 
we  turn  to  Him.  We  cannot  '  come  to  the 
full-grown  man  '  till  we  interpret  the  ideal 
according  to  '  the  measure  of  the  stature 
of  the  fulness  of  Christ.'  We  are  powerless 
to  attain  to  the  new  and  perfect  manhood 
except  in  and  through  Him." 

Dr.  Scullard  rejects  the  idea  that  there 
can  be  a  theory  of  the  development  of 
Christian  ethics.  In  his  opinion  there 
has  been  no  development,  and  there  can 
be  none.     He  says  : — 

"  With  regard  to  our  supposed  better 
position  in  regard  to  ethical  knowledge, 
I  do  not  see  how  it  can  be  maintained  that 
the  twentieth  century  is  more  advanced 
than  the  first.  Increased  insight  into  the 
meaning  of  moral  principles  may  have  come 
in  our  day  to  the  many  rather  than  to  the 
few  ;  new  points  of  application  may  have 
been  suggested  by  an  advancing  civilisation  ; 
but,  according  to  the  general  consensus  of 
those  best  entitled  to  form  an  opinion  of 
such  a  subject,  we  have  not  yet  got  beyond 
the  moral  teaching  of  the  Christian  writers 
of  the  first  century.  The  ethical  truths 
which  the  men  of  the  first  and  second  genera- 
tion associated  with  Jesus  Christ  still  hold 
the  field.  Jesus  Christ  is  very  generally 
acknowledged,  as  a  moral  teacher,  to  be 
supreme.  This,  at  any  rate,  I  take  to  be 
the  Christian  position,  and  one  justified 
at  the  bar  of  history  by  the  testimony  of 
the  most  enlightened.  In  our  knowledge 
of  moral  and  spiritual  truth  we  have  not 
advanced  beyond  the  point  reached  by  the 
first  immediate  disciples  of  Christ,  who 
received  their  teaching  directly  from  Him, 
and  under  the  enlightenment  of  His  Spirit." 

Dr.  Scullard's  own  position  seems  to 
us  well  expressed  by  extracts  which  he 
makes  from  Tertullian  : — 

"  Taught  of  God  Himself  what  goodness 
is,  we  have  both  perfect  knowledge  of  it, 
as  revealed  to  us  by  a  perfect  Master  :  and 
faithfully  we  do  His  will,  as  enjoined  on 
us  by  a  Judge  we  dare  not  despise." 

On  the  contrary,  addressing  the  pagans, 
he  says  : — 

"  Your  ideas  of  virtue  you  have  got  from 
mere  human  opinion ;  and  on  human 
authority,  too,  its  obligation  rests  :  hence 
your  system  of  practical  morality  is  deficient, 
both  in  the  fulness  and  the  authority  requisite 
to  produce  a  life  of  real  virtue." 


From  tliis  it  follows  that  tlic  opinion  - 
expressed  by  pegeo  pliil<>-< iphers  on  morals 
must  be  wrong.  They  are  QOOOBsarily 
defect  i\  e,  and  Dr.  Scullard  would  probably 
say  corrupt.  And  even  the  Fathers 
have  not  been  completely  Hill  HHMlf 111 
"  It  can  hardly  be  maintained."  he  says, 
"  that  we  have  a  perfectly  Christian  ethic 
in  any  of  the  Fathers." 

The  plan  of  the  work  is  also  peculiar. 
Its  method  is 

"  to  compare  the  moral  ideas  found  in  writ- 
ings professedly  Christian  with  the  ideas 
as  they  appear  in  writers  not  avowedly 
Christian,  or  openly  antagonistic  to  tho 
Christian  faith." 

Having  resolved  on  this  method,  Dr. 
Scullard  had  recourse  to  the  Zeittafel 
of  Kriiger's  '  Altchristliche  Litteratur,' 
in  which  the  ecclesiastical  writers  of  the 
first  four  centuries  are  arranged  according 
to  localities.  He  passes  by  Syria,  Asia, 
Greece,  and  Egypt ;  and  coming  to  Rome, 
North  Africa,  and  the  rest  of  the  West, 
he  selects  the  most  important  of  the 
writers  mentioned  under  these  headings 
as  those  whose  opinions  on  ethics  he  would 
examine.  But  the  selection  is  purely 
mechanical.  The  Fathers  selected  fol- 
lowed different  lines  of  thought.  Justin 
Martyr,  for  instance,  lived  in  Rome  for 
a  long  time,  yet  his  opinions  are  in  no 
sense  Roman  or  Western,  but  Greek. 
His  conception  of  God  and  the  Logos  is 
purely  Greek.  His  scholar  Tatian  also 
lived  in  Rome  for  some  time,  but  he  was 
an  Assyrian  by  birth  ;  his  whole  attitude 
to  pagan  art  and  literature  and  to  Chris- 
tianity was  that  of  an  Eastern,  and  not 
of  a  Roman,  and  Kriiger  rightly  places 
him  under  the  heading  '  Syria  and  Pales- 
tine '  as  well  as  under  that  of  Rome. 

Dr.  Scullard  also  makes  a  selection  of 
pagan  authors  whose  ethical  opinions 
he  contrasts  with  those  of  the  Christian 
writers.  Again  it  is  difficult  to  understand 
on  what  principle  he  has  made  the  selec- 
tion. He  devotes,  for  instance,  about 
half  a  page  to  a  very  inadequate  statement 
of  the  ethical  opinions  contained  in  the 
dissertations  of  Maximus  of  Tyre  ;  but 
he  says  nothing  about  the  writings  of 
Aristides  and  Dio  Chrysostomus,  winch 
are  more  important  and  belong  to  the 
same  age. 

Dr.  Scullard  marshals  the  various 
opinions  under  different  topics,  such  as 
'  God  and  Man,'  '  Man  and  the  World,' 
'  The  Old  Man  and  the  New,'  &c.  ;  but 
here  again  it  is  difficult  to  divine  what 
is  the  reason  of  his  selections.  Under  the 
first  topic,  '  God  and  Man,'  he  does  not 
make  any  quotation  from  Justin  Martyr 
or  Tertullian — the  twro  of  his  Christian 
writers  whose  expositions  of  the  divine 
nature  are  particularly  interesting  to  the 
student  of  history,  for  Justin  enlarges 
on  the  fact  that  the  Supreme  Being  is 
absolutely  unknowable,  and  is  revealed 
only  through  His  Logos  or  Reason,  to 
be  found  everywhere  in  man,  but  specially 
and  fully  incarnated  in  Christ ;  and 
Tertullian  affirms  again  and  again  that 
the  Divine  Being,  though  a  spirit,  is  also 
corpus  or  material. 

Dr.  Scullard  furnishes  his  readers  with 


a  1  j — t   of  works  referred  to  in  his  book. 

This  list  is  al-o  singular  alike  in  the  works 
mentioned  and  in  the  works  omitted. 
Of    com  on    who    discusses 

Christianity   must   say    something   on   its 
morel   aspects,    and   it   would   seem  as  if 
Dr.  Scullard  had  taken  note  of  all  the  books 
on  Christianity  which  he  hud  been  reading, 
even  though  their  bearing  on  the  subject 
of  his  own  work  was  exceedingly  slight. 
On  the  other  hand,  he  must  have  learnt 
from  the  books  which  lie  read  that  there 
were  some  earlier   books  on   his  subject 
which    deserved    his   attention  ;     but    he 
did  not  conceive  it  his  duty  to  procure 
them.     Even  the  earliest  of  them,  Staud- 
lin's   '  Geschichte  der  christlichen  Sitten- 
lehre '  (1799),  would   have  supplied   him 
with  useful  hints.     But  when   he  comes 
to  treat  of  the  Greek  mysteries,  he  has 
recourse   to   Warburton   and   Ste.   Croix, 
whose   statements   and   explanations   are 
now   thoroughly   antiquated,   and   makes 
no    mention    of    the    '  Aglaophamus '    of 
Lobeck,    which   created   a   revolution    in 
all  investigations  regarding  the  subject ; 
and  he  does  this,  though  in  one  of  the 
books  which  he  names  in  his  list  (Anrich) 
it  is  specially  pointed  out  that  Lobeck's 
work  was  epochmaking  and  the  starting- 
point  of  all  newT  researches. 

It  is  difficult  to  understand  how  Dr. 
Scullard  could  overlook  some  of  the  books 
which  were  of  supreme  importance  for 
his  subject.  Thus  he  mentions  the  name 
of  Thamin,  but  he  does  not  mention 
the  book  of  that  writer  which  he  was 
bound  to  study,  for  it  traverses  almost 
exactly  the  region  which  Dr.  Scullard 
surveys.  Its  title  should  have  attracted 
his  attention.  It  is  '  Saint  Ambroise 
et  la  Morale  chretienne  au  IVe  Siecle  : 
Etude comparee  des Traites  "Des  Devoir-" 
de  Ciceron  et  de  Saint  Ambroise.'  This 
remarkably  able  work  might  have  supplied 
Dr.  Scullard  with  many  reasons  for  con- 
sidering whether  he  was  right  in  main- 
taining that  Christian  ethics  had  received 
no  development  in  the  course  of  the  ages. 
Dr.  Scullard  also  pronounces  opinions 
on  the  age  and  career  of  the  writers  from 
whom  he  quotes  which  might  have  been 
modified  by  wider  reading.  Thus  he 
states  his  belief  that  Minucius  Felix  was 
later  than  Tertullian,  and  expresses  his 
opinion  thus  : — 

"  There  is  little  doubt  in  my  own  mind 
that  Tertullian  is  the  original  and  Minuciua 
the  imitator.  Minucius  was  a  man  of  letters, 
but  not  an  original  thinker.  Tertullian, 
though  he  too  knew  how  to  borrow,  was  a 
man  of  much  greater  intellectual  force." 

Dr.  Scullard's  argument  is  derived  from 
Monceaux's  work  on  '  The  Literary  His- 
tory of  Christian  Africa,'  but  it  is  absurd. 
Do  the  alleged  borrowings  of  Shakspeare 
from  a  great  number  of  writers  prove 
that  the  writers  were  posterior  to  him  ? 
Monceaux  has  produced  a  valuable  history, 
but  he  does  not  appear  in  it  as  a  man 
of  great  critical  power  ;  and  Dr.  Scullard, 
before  forming  his  opinion,  would  have 
done  well  to  consult  Walt  zing's  edition 
of  Minucius  Felix,  where  all  the  arguments 
adduced  for  or  against  the  priority  of 
Felix   are  set  forth  in   a   clear  and    un- 


No.  4190,  Feb.  15,  1908 


THE    ATHENiEUM 


187 


biassed  manner ;  but  apparently  Dr. 
Scullard  has  no  knowledge  of  this  recent 
edition  of  the  Father's  works. 

Dr.  Scullard  shows  competent  scholar- 
ship, wide  reading,  a  great  desire  to  be 
fair  to  those  who  differ  from  him,  and  the 
faculty  of  extracting  noteworthy  passages 
from  the  authors  whom  he  has  studied. 
But  his  book  is  adapted  only  for  the 
use  of  those  who  have  "  renewed  hearts," 
and  no  doubt  to  them  it  will  give  great 
satisfaction. 


NEW    NOVELS. 


The  Grain  Carriers.     By  Edward  Noble. 
(Blackwood  &  Sons.) 

The  promise  of  'The  Edge  of  Circum- 
stance,' the  author's  first  book,  is  amply 
borne  out  in  '  The  Grain  Carriers.'  The 
three  books  which  came  between  were 
clever,  but  not  wholly  satisfying.  The 
present  story  is  satisfying.  It  is  more  : 
it  is  a  notable  achievement,  and  deserves 
to  live,  being  a  revelation  of  vital  aspects 
of  modern  life  in  the  British  mercan- 
tile marine.  It  bears  in  a  telling 
manner  upon  recent  legislation  regarding 
the  load-line  of  our  merchant  ships,  and 
upon  broad  economic  questions  in  which 
the  whole  British  people  are  concerned. 
It  is  a  grave  indictment  of  the  methods 
which  have  led  to  the  deterioration  of 
what  was  once  the  finest  mercantile 
marine  in  the  world.  Right  or  wrong 
in  his  contentions,  the  author  succeeds 
in  making  us  feel  their  justness.  His 
story  has  the  epic  quality,  and  the  grave 
harmony  of  true  tragedy.  It  is  not  so 
fine  a  piece  of  literary  craftsmanship  as 
Mr.  Conrad's  '  Nigger  of  the  Narcissus  '  ; 
but  Mr.  Noble's  is  the  bigger  canvas ; 
and,  considered  as  a  whole,  it  is  the  most 
important  romance  of  the  sea  that  we 
have  read  for  a  long  time.  The  "  grain 
carriers  "  of  the  title  are  the  sailing  ships 
that  bring  grain  to  England  from  San 
Francisco,  past  the  dreaded  Cape  of  Storms. 


Caroline.     By  Clementina  Black.     (John 
Murray.) 

That  Miss  Black  has  carefully  studied 
the  period  of  her  romance — the  closing 
decades  of  the  eighteenth  century — is 
manifest  not  only  from  the  accuracy  of 
such  minor  details  as  those  relating  to 
language,  etiquette,  dress,  and  food,  but 
also  from  her  success  in  the  more  difficult 
task  of  reproducing  the  spirit  and  manners 
of  the  time.  Her  heroine,  a  beauty  and 
heiress,  repulses  with  much  severity  a 
previously  favoured  suitor  whom  she 
believes  to  be  guilty  of  dishonourable 
conduct  to  a  village  girl  on  her  own 
estate.  In  course  of  time  she  learns  that 
the  girl  was  not  so  much  wronged,  nor 
the  man  so  much  to  blame,  as  she  had 
supposed,  and  is  convinced  by  his  beha- 
viour to  herself  at  a  critical  moment 
that  he  is  in  a  high  degree  capable  of 
chivalry.  The  characterization  is  sym- 
pathetic, and  the  narrative  interesting. 


The    Imbeciles.     By    L.    Lockhart    Lang. 

(Hurst  &  Blackett.) 
Hebe  youth  and  high  spirits  have  pro- 
bably gone  to  the  making  of  a  freak  of 
fancy,  and  to  find  cordial  delight  in  it 
demands  somewhat  of  the  same  qualities. 
It  is  an  extravaganza  in  which  an  island 
and  a  batch  of  rich,  idle,  and  presumably 
young  people  are  involved.  They  are  all 
of  the  type  which  asks,  "  What  shall  we 
do  next  ?  "  Neither  their  respective  nor 
collective  ages  are  specified  ;  but  youth 
may  be  taken  for  granted  as  the  basis 
of  the  grotesque  masquerade.  The  host 
and  prime  mover  in  the  absurdities  is, 
however,  a  married  man,  and  likewise  a 
hypochondriac.  Under  the  influence  of 
Highland  air,  tents,  and  skins  of  tame 
beasts  (the  party  represent  primitive 
tribes),  he  regains  sufficient  spirit  to  be- 
come the  ringleader  in  the  revels.  One  is 
not  sure  what,  besides  a  hypochondriac, 
he  is  meant  to  be.  In  their  own  slangy, 
flippant  way  some  of  the  people  are  rather 
nice.  Their  fooling  is  occasionally — but 
only  occasionally — amusing.  Continued 
blatant  jokes,  even  about  Scotch  things, 
may  wear  down  the  friendly  reader. 


Eve's   Apple.     By   Alphonse   Courlander. 

(Fisher  Unwin.) 
This  story — in  three  books — begins  in 
Paris,  without  shedding  much  fresh  light 
on  the  "  Ville-Lumiere "  and  the  man- 
ners and  customs  of  its  inhabitants. 
Two  women  hold  the  fate  of  David,  the 
hero,  in  the  hollow  of  their  hands.  It  is 
the  one  who  does  not  hold  the  apple — 
the  good  woman  —  who  eventually 
triumphs.  She  is  Helen  ;  the  other,  of 
French  extraction,  is  Gabrielle.  The 
latter  by  subtlety  and  guileful  beauty 
lures  David  from  his  allegiance  to  Helen 
and  her  schemes  for  London  girls,  and 
forces  him  to  tread  the  path  of  luxury 
and  dalliance  at  her  side.  David  both  in 
his  state  of  grace  and  out  of  it  is  a  dull 
man,  and  approximates  to  a  bore,  though 
this  is  not  the  opinion  of  the  people  in  the 
story.  Yet  in  the  process  of  his  meta- 
morphosis scenes  and  moments  occur  not 
devoid  of  interest.  Woodenness  in  his 
structure  and  fibre,  and  the  structure 
and  conversation  of  some  other  people 
in  the  story,  is  rather  a  handicap. 
What  may  be  called  th.e  London  society 
part  is  the  least  successful  feature.  The 
emotions  of  the  pleasure-loving  woman, 
unscrupulous  by  instinct  and  inheritance, 
are  traced  not  without  an  appearance 
of  verisimilitude  ;  but  poignant  and  vital 
interest  is  not  present  in  any  large 
measure.  

The    Pest.     By    W.    Teignmouth    Shore. 

(John  Long.) 
This  is  an  essentially  modern  story  in 
its  diction,  which  is  smart,  but  not  always 
correct ;  its  social  level,  where  we  find 
homely  curates,  financiers,  artists,  "  uni- 
versal providers,"  but  never  a  gentleman  ; 
its  life  of  flats  and  restaurants  (Spartan 
in  publicity  alone)  ;  and  its  repudiation 
of   duty    as   a   governing   principle.     Its 


theme  is  the  rebellion  of  a  suburban 
parson's  wife  against  the  dullness  of  her 
lot ;  her  meeting  with  a  painter  who 
had  touched  her  fancy  as  a  child,  his 
subjugation  by  her  beauty  and  spirit,  and 
her  exploitation  of  him  as  a  stepping- 
stone  to  more  mercenary  conquests.  The 
artist's  suicide  fitly  ends  the  tale. 


Shorty  McCabe.     By  Sewell  Ford.  (Werner 

Laurie.) 
The  dialect  in  which  this  book  is  written 
throughout  is  only  slightly  less  pronounced 
than  that  associated  with  Mr.  "  Dooley." 
The  narrator  is  a  New  York  pugilist  who, 
having  been  honourably  defeated  in  the 
ring,  takes  to  the  work  of  coaching  other 
boxers  for  a  livelihood.  A  rich  young 
man  about  town  engages  him  for  an  in- 
definite period,  apparently  in  the  dual 
capacity  of  private  jester  and  trainer. 
They  share  more  or  less  humorous  ad- 
ventures, and,  when  marriage  calls  the 
man  about  town  to  another  way  of  life, 
he  settles  a  handsome  sum  upon  the  sharer 
of  his  bachelor  revels.  With  this  capital 
in  hand,  the  boxer  sets  up  in  business  as 
the  proprietor  of  a  Physical  Culture 
Studio,  and  sells  his  wisdom  and  humour 
dearly  to  rich  men  in  quest  of  health  and 
recreation.  There  is  good  fun  here,  but 
it  is  all  of  the  same  kind,  and  there  is 
rather  too  much  of  it. 


Beau     Brocade.     By     Baroness      Orczy. 

(Greening  &  Co.) 
This  story  is  divided  into  four  parts,  which 
seems  to  offer  an  adequate  explanation 
of  its  framework.  It  is  a  drama  thrown 
into  the  form  of  fiction,  or  at  least  a 
romance  written  with  an  eye  to  drama- 
tization. It  would  probably  make  a 
popular  melodrama  of  the  highway,  con- 
taining as  it  does  all  the  proper  constitu- 
ents. There  are  the  young  lord  unjustly 
attainted  and  in  hiding,  the  stalwart  and 
faithful  blacksmith,  the  beautiful  lady 
of  title,  the  villain,  and  a  dashing  and 
chivalrous  tobyman  who  robs  the  rich 
to  feed  the  poor.  The  author  mixes  this 
old  concoction  with  energy,  and  even  with 
enthusiasm.  Her  sentimental  passages  are 
things  to  wonder  at,  and  her  views  of 
human  nature  are  amazing,  but  they  are 
essentially  the  views  that  appeal  to  the 
gallery.  

The    Anchorage.      By    W.     H.     Koebel. 

(Griffiths.) 
THE  ne'er-do-well  deported  to  the  colonies 
by  his  desperate  friends  has  had  a  large 
share  in  moulding  the  opinions  of  the 
colonial  about  the  Englishman.  Never 
was  the  latter  so  misrepresented  as  by  the 
deductions  inevitable  from  observation 
of  the  remittance  man.  But  Mr.  Kocbel's 
hero  turns  out  astonishingly  well.  He 
was  a  broken  and  reckless  drunkard  when 
his  passage  was  paid  to  New  Zealand  ; 
but  he  pulled  himself  together,  apparently 
because  of  his  affection  for  his  master's 
daughter.  It  is  a  simple  and  unsophis- 
ticated tale,  and  agreeable  to  read  because 
of  its  unfamiliar  background  among  New 


L88 


Til  E     ATI!  KNM:  I    M 


No.  H'"'.  Fwb.  15.  1908 


/.•aland    iiioiintaiiis.      The  sain.-  StOTJ    iH 

in  English  scenery  would  pall  ;  bu1  we 
.,,,,  pi  n  here  foi  the  nice  of  its  fresher 
Atmosphere. 


THEOLOGICAL     LITERATURE 
i  hi;   hid   IBS!  \mi:nt. 

/.vn/'/'.v  Lcmm  and  Ltgal  Precedents.  By 
Charles  Poster  Kent.  (Hodder  A  Stough- 
ton.)     it  would  be  difficull  to  over-estimate 

tlio  vuluo  of  l'rof.    Kent's  in  w  instalment  of 

his    work    on    the    Old    Testament.      The 
grouping  of  the  highly  interesting  material 

he  has  to  deal  with  is  everywhere  clear  and 
orderly  ;  the  critical  oomments  nro  lucid 
and  always  to  the  point;  and  the  archaeo- 
logical information  is  as  complete  as  in  a 
work  of  this  kind  can  be  desired.  In  parts  of 
the  Introduction  and  many  of  his  notes  the 
author  aims  at  establishing  a  kind  of  under- 
standing between  the  orthodox  habit  of 
thought  and  the  results  of  critical  study. 
It  must  be  owned,  however,  that  his  method 
is  occasionally  rather  disconcerting.  He  uses 
the  term  "  revelation  "  ;  but  as  he  means 
by  it  something  different  from  what  it 
denotes  in  ordinary  parlance,  he  can  hardly 
expect  to  carry  with  him  intelligent  stu- 
dents of  the  old  school  of  thought.  We 
havo  noticed  one  point  in  which  Prof.  Kent's 
zeal  has  betrayed  him  into  something  like 
a  self-contradiction.  In  his  notes  on  p.  51 
he  first  tells  us  that  by  demanding  equal 
homage  for  both  mother  and  father  the  Old 
Testament  legislators  rose  above  Oriental 
tradition,  and  then  goes  on  to  show  that 
in  the  old  Sumerian  law  the  mother's 
dignity  was  equal  to  that  of  the  father. 
The  table  at  the  beginning  of  the 
book  gives  on  one  page  the  critical 
results  regarding  the  growth  and  approxi- 
mate dates  of  the  Old  Testament  law. 
Equally  useful  is  the  detailed  table 
of  '  Contents  and  Classification  '  ;  and  the 
appendix  is  of  value,  offering  as  it  does  several 
aspects  of  the  Code  of  Hammurabi,  a  selected 
bibliography,  the  Marseilles  Sacrificial  Tablet, 
and  other  interesting  items  of  information. 

Critical  Notes  on  Old  Testament  History. 

By  Stanley  A.  Cook.     (Macmillan  &  Co.) — 

This   work,    consisting   of   papers   originally 

published   in    The  Jewish  Quarterly  Review, 

with  an    Introduction  and    indexes    added, 

contains     many     fresh     suggestions     which 

deserve    careful    attention.     Mr.    Cook    has 

been    known    for   some    time   as    a   critical 

scholar  of  a  somewhat  independent  attitude, 

and  the  present  volume  will  serve  to  deepen 

the  impression  he  has  so  far  succeeded  in 

making  on  Old  Testament  students.     The 

theory  that  Kadesh,  stated  to  have  lain  on 

the    borders    of  the  wilderness  of  Zin,  was 

in  an  early  cycle  of  traditions  regarded  as 

the   sacred   spot   where   the   giving   of    the 

Law     took    place,     and    that    Sinai    later 

usurped   a  dignity   originally  not    its   own, 

is  not  new  ;    but  Mr.    Cook   here  attempts 

to    develope     the     hypothesis,     and     place 

it    on    a    rather    firmer    basis.       Connected 

with  this  idea  is  the  view  that    the  Hexa- 

teuchal     narrative     embodies     a     blending 

of    two    different    traditions    regarding    the 

invasion   of   Canaan   by   the  Hebrews,    the 

one   representing    the    invaders    as    coming 

from  the  south,  and  the  other  making  them 

enter    the    country    from    the    east.     Of    a 

thoroughly   revolutionary   character   is  Mr. 

Cook's  proposal   to   disintegrate    the  series 

of  chapters  known  as   the   "  court  history 

of  David  "  (2  Sam.  ix.-xx.  and  1  Kings  i.-ii. ), 

which   had   been  unanimously  regarded   as 

continuous    and    entirely    free    from    signs 

of  redaction.     Equally  radical    changes   are 


propose*!  regarding  the  histories    of   Samuel 
and  Saul.      Our  author  u  lit.  -,  hou  e\  c  r,  cau- 

bioualy,  not  altogether  as  one  «rho  has  a  con- 
vincing thearj    to  propound,  l>ut   as  one  who 

honestly  and  laboriously  tries  to  grops  bis 

\\a\     iii    the    labyrinth    of   ancient    traditions 

as  represented  by  (according  to  him)  a  far 

too  much  M  edited"  text.  It  will  Koom 
to  many  that  such  an  upheaval  of  hitherto 
accepted  critical  opinion-  i-  hardly  called 
for  ;  but  even  if  mostof  tho  new  suggests 
fail  to  gain  acceptance,  there  remains  the 
credit  of  fearless  investigation  and  of  clear- 
ing tho  ground  for  future-  workers. 

The  Early  Traditions  of  Genesis.  By 
Alex.  R.  Gordon.  (Edinburgh,  T.  &  T. 
Clark.) — We  can  confidently  recommend 
this  book  both  to  students  and  the  general 
roader  able  to  give  the  nocessary  attention 
to  the  problems  dealt  with.  It  embodies 
a  reverent  and  at  tho  same  time  thoroughly 
scientific  reconstruction  of  the  traditions 
and  historical  facts  recorded  in  the  earlier 
portions  of  the  Book  of  Genesis.  The  author 
is  fully  abreast  of  the  most  recent  discoveries 
and  speculations,  and  he  also  possesses  the 
power  of  lucid  and  attractive  exposition. 
The  following  few  points  may  serve  to  show 
his  attitude  towards  some  important  con- 
troverted matters.  He  considers  it  reason- 
able to  regard  Abraham  as  an  actual  person, 
who  was  the  "  leader  of  the  first  Palestinian 
invasion  of  Hebrew  tribes."  Very  emphatic 
is  his  belief  in  the  actual  sojourn  of  the 
Israelites  in  Egypt.  "  The  Exodus  from 
Egypt,"  he  writes, 

"is  so  deeply  imprinted  in  the  traditions  of  both 
N.  and  S.  Israel,  as  the  real  birth  of  the  nation, 
that  we  must  hold  that  the  people  as  a  whole  [and 
not  only  the  Joseph  tribe]  was  embraced  in  the 
great  movement." 

He  considers  it  extremely  probable  that 
the  Chabiri  spoken  of  in  the  Tel  ol-Amarna 
letters  were  the  Hebrews,  but  he  shows  good 
reasons  for  not  accepting  the  belief  that  the 
attacks  on  parts  of  Palestinian  territory 
there  recorded  are  to  be  identified  with 
the  campaigns  of  Joshua.  The  Exodus 
itself  is  thus  left  to  the  most  generally 
assigned  date,  about  1250  B.C.,  and  the  Tel 
el-Amarna  letters  (about  1400  B.C.)  merely 
refer  to  marauding  attacks  incidental  to 
a  nomadic  movement  of  the  Hebrews  south- 
ward from  the  direction  of  Mesopotamia. 
With  regard  to  the  origin  of  th  i  Yahweh 
cult,  Prof.  Gordon  is  disposed  to  believe 
that  its  beginnings  must  be  sought  in  the 
earliest  history  of  the  people  itself,  as 
neither  the  alleged  Babylonian  nor  the  Kenite 
affinities  seem  to  him  sufficiently  demon- 
strated. In  the  chapter  entitled  '  Revela- 
tion and  Inspiration '  some  remarks  will  be 
found  which  tend  to  a  proper  adjustment 
between  criticism  and  religious  faith.  On 
p.  231,  for  instance,  we  read  : — 

"The  chastity  and  reverence  and  spiritual 
insight  which  characterize  even  the  earliest  tradi- 
tions of  Genesis  show  them  to  be  the  inheritance  of 

a    God-inspired    people Even   where   the  raw 

materials  belong  to  common  Semitic  tradition,  or 

are    derived  from   alien   sources the  religious 

genius  of  Israel — which  is  but  the  human  expression 
of  the  Spirit  of  God — has  '  recast  the  whole,  refining 
what  was  coarse  and  unworthy,  and  actually  trans- 
forming their  dross  into  gold.'  " 
On  a  number  of  points  several  critics  will 
find  themselves  at  variance  with  our  author, 
but  all  will  probably  allow  that  he  has 
succeeded  in  giving  an  excellent  exemplifi- 
cation of  a  legitimate  conservative  leaning 
in  criticism.  Valuable  additions  to  the 
work  are  the  Appondixes,  containing  a  frosh 
translation,  followed  by  critical  and  exe- 
getical  notes,  of  Genesis  i.-xi.,  divided  into 
what  are  believed  to  be  the  original  sources, 
and  a  rendering  of  the  cognate  Babylonian 
records.     The  index  is  inadequate. 


PBOBLXMS   ANlJ    i>< 
The,    Doctrine,    of    the    Trinity.      I'.y    J.    R. 
Illingworth.      (.Maemilbm  \  Co.)— Dr.  Illiiij.'- 
worth   always    supplies   j_",(,r|    reading  ;     ' 
does  be  ever  write  anything  that  is  not  likely 
to    be    useful    to    home    classes    of    readers. 
I  ■         book    i-    UO    I  '•.'•  ption    to    the   rule.      ft 
contains,  perhaps,   little   that     will    not    bo 
familiar  to  those    already    acquainted    with 
his     other   writings  ;     but  it   in,   above     all, 
lucid,    fair,    and    intelligible.        It     is,    how- 
ever, a  little   too    much    on    tho    defensive. 
The   author    treats    those    who     ramo    diffi- 
culties    on  a    problem  which,  after  all, 
one    can     alloge  to    be    easy    as   deliberate 
enomios.       This    is,    assuredly,      a    mistake. 
Of  course,  Christianity  has  enemies  in  this 
as  in  all  ages.     But  apologetic  should  not 
adopt    tho    methods    of    the    tournament  ; 
it  should  seek  to  allay  the  fainting  spirits 
of  its   own  supporters,   and   to  silence  the 
perfectly    genuine  misgivings   of  Christians 
or     Christ-lovers.       We     are     aware     that 
Dr.  Illingworth  would  admit  this   as  much 
as  any  one  ;   but  we  are  not  sure  that  he  has 
succeeded    in  realizing  his  ideal.     However, 
we  do  not  desire  to  be  critical  concerning 
a    book  which    is     delightful,     and     which 
ought    to   be   sure   of   an    audience   among 
cultivated   persons,  for  it  is  eminently  one 
for  the  ordinary  cultivated  man  rather  than 
the  student.    For  such  a  public  good  writing 
is  essential,  and  we  wish  Christian  apologists 
would  be  a  little  more  like  Dr.  Illingworth 
in  this  respect.     Merely  as  prose,  this  book 
is  of  value. 

The  Future  Life  and  Modern  Difficulties. 
By  F.  C.  Kempson.  (Pitman.)— Mr.  Kemp- 
son  combines  in  his  person  two  very  different 
offices.  He  is  at  once  a  Demonstrator  in 
Anatomy  at  Cambridge  and  the  rector  of 
a  country  parish.  His  writing  shows  the 
mark  of  his  training.  It  is  extraordinarily 
clear,  and  maintains  accuracy  in  the  use  and 
definition  of  terms.  The  exposition  of  the 
matter  is  all  that  could  be  desired,  whether 
it  is  scientific  or  religious.  The  illustrations 
are  often  illuminating,  though  sometimes 
they  are  a  little  trivial ;  but  the  jokes  are 
mostly  bad,  and  out  of  place.  What  we  dislike 
most  in  the  book  is  not  its  orthodoxy, 
but  its  scholasticism.  Mr.  Kempson  writes 
as  though  the  scholastic  philosophy  were 
still  as  much  a  part  of  ordinary  Christian 
thinking  as  the  Pope  and  his  admirers 
would  like  it  to  be  ;  and  he  ignores  the  whole 
of  modern  philosophical  thinking  except 
for  one  phrase,  in  which  he  condemns 
idealism.  For  this  reason  his  book  is 
likely  to  be  of  greater  value  to  the  minds 
for  which  it  is  obviously  intended ;  for 
the  scholastic  temperament  is  very  near 
akin  to  the  scientific.  At  the  same  time 
we  must  protest  against  the  absurdly  in- 
adequate appendix  on  '  Pragmatism.'  It 
is  perfectly  useless  to  those  who  know 
anything  of  the  controversy  between  Dr. 
Schiller  and  Mr.  Bradley,  and*  it  is,  we  should 
imagine,  either  meaningless  or  misleading 
to  any  one  who  does  not.  For  all  that, 
the  book  ought  to  be  useful,  if  the  strict 
limitations  of  its  purpose  be  taken  into 
account.  We  trust  that  tho  author  before 
he  writes  another  will  add  to  his  study  of 
St.  Thomas  a  perusal  of  the  writings  of 
Father  Tyrrell,  and  an  appreciation  of  the 
standpoint  of  Westcott  and  the  method 
of  Dr.  Illingworth.  In  a  word,  we  rather 
like  the  argument  of  this  book  ;  we  dislike 
its  atmosphere. 

Studies  in  the  Parables,  atid  other  Sermons. 
By  John  Laidlaw.  With  Memoir  by  H.  R. 
Mackintosh.  (Hodder  &  Stoughton.)— Tho 
memoir  of  Prof.  Laidlaw,  of  the  New  College, 
Edinburgh,  written  by  his  successor  Dr. 
Mackintosh,    shows    a    man    who,    though 


No.  4190,  Feb.  15,  1908 


THE    ATHEN^UM 


189 


he  was  neither  a  great  ecclesiastic  nor  a 
learned  theologian,  was  a  personality  and 
a  power  in  the  United  Free  Church  in 
Scotland. 

The  sermons  on  the  parables  will  interest 
those  who  cherish  the  memory  of  the  author, 
and  may  instruct  many  who  have  themselves 
to  present  spiritual  truths  to  congregations. 
There  is  one  of  the  "  other  sermons  "  which 
is  worthy  of  special  note,  as  it  shows  the 
claims  of  one  class  of  those  who  have  adopted 
the  "  Free  Church  principles "  which  give 
the  title  to  the  sermon.  The  words  were 
spoken  in  1875,  after  the  abolition  of 
patronage  in  Scotland.  We  are  told  that 
"  the  Church  of  Christ  is  to  be  independent 
in  her  government,  laws,  offices,  and  dis- 
cipline, of  all  external  control ;  that  Christ 
alone  is  her  king,  the  Bible  alone  her  statute- 
book  "  ;  and,  further,  that  "  the  State 
ought  to  understand  and  respect  the  Church's 
liberties."  The  author  is  bold  enough  to  say 
that  any  one  who  reads  aright  the  lesson  of 
Scottish  Church  history 

"  may  see  quite  easily  which  were  the  principles, 
the  movements,  and  the  men  in  the  wider  range  of 
the  Church,  within  and  without  the  Establishment, 
that  have  had  with  them  most  of  the  Spirit  of 
Jesus  and  most  of  the  spiritual  '  signs  following ' 
faithful  testimony  to  His  name." 

Augustine  in  his  '  De  Civitate  '  represented 
the  State  as  inferior  to  and  dependent  on 
the  Church ;  Hildebrand  and  the  Popes  of 
his  temper  sought  to  reduce  the  Empire  to 
obedience  to  the  Church.  But  no  theory  of 
the  relation  of  Church  and  State  has  been 
generally  accepted  ;  and  when  the  advocate 
of  a  Free  Church  calls  upon  the  State  to 
respect  the  liberties  of  that  Church,  he 
might  be  confronted  with  theso  questions. 
What  is  the  constitution  of  a  Church  which 
can  demand  toleration  by  the  State  ?  and 
whence  come  and  what  are  the  liberties  which 
are  to  be  respected  ?  Prof.  Laidlaw's 
sermon  is  an  eloquent  statement  of  the 
claims  of  his  Church,  and  he  himself  may  be 
taken  as  a  representative  of  ecclesiastics  who 
speak  about  rights  which  are  not  traced  to 
their  origin.  The  layman  who  regards  the 
historical  verities  and  respects  legal  accuracy 
is  not  extravagant  when  he  seeks  to  find  the 
basis  of  such  rights. 

The  Pastoral  Teaching  of  St.  Paul  :  his 
Ministerial  Ideals.  By  W.  Edward  Chad- 
wick.  (Edinburgh,  T.  &  T.  Clark.)— Dr. 
Chadwick's  volume  is  at  once  a  guide- 
book for  Christian  ministers  and  a  study  in 
Paulinism.  In  explaining  why  he  has  made 
little  use  of  the  Pastoral  Epistles,  which 
he  accepts  as  genuinely  Pauline,  he  at  the 
same  time  shows  the  aim  of  his  writing.  "  I 
wished,"  he  says, 

"  to  lead  my  ovvtpyoi  ti<;  n)w  BaaiXtiav  rov  Qtov  to 
study  the  principles  upon  which  St.  Paul  acted  and 
the  methods  he  employed,  rather  than  to  listen  to 
his  definite  injunctions  to  other  ministers." 

Though  there  is  a  taint  of  prolixity  in  the 
style,  the  book  is  to  be  praised  for  the  high 
conception  of  ministerial  work  which  it 
reveals  and  for  its  earnest  treatment  of 
that  work.  It  may  be  safely  commended 
to  men  who  desire  to  be  helped  in  their 
spiritual  labours  by  wise  advice  and  an 
assurance  of  their  high  calling.  Dr.  Chad- 
wick  shows  an  intimate  knowledge  of  the 
Pauline  writings.  There  is,  too,  evidence  of 
his  acquaintance  with  Church  Fathers  and 
modern  writers  on  St.  Paul.  It  is  safe  to  say, 
on  the  other  hand,  that  some  of  Dr.  Chad- 
wick's statements  are  perplexing.  Though 
he  may  point  to  the  writer  of  '  Ecce  Homo  ' 
as  an  authority  for  what  he  here  teaches,  thore 
is  vagueness  in  the  creed  that  "  a  lovo  for 
men  must  bo  a  lovo  for  what  they  may  be. 
It  does  not  think  primarily  of  what  th«y  are." 
Would  Dr.  Chadwick  admit  that  this  is  the 


secret  of  the  Divine  love  ?  Again,  some  quali- 
fication is  surely  required  for  the  statements 
that  "true  love  never  exists  apart  from  hate  ; 
and  the  stronger  the  love  the  stronger  will 
the  hatred  be.  The  Divine  hate,  like  the 
Divine  love,  is  infinite."  The  authority 
to  which  reference  is  made  is  the  '  Lyra 
Apostolica,'  which  in  one  of  the  verses 
teaches  how  hatred  of  sin,  with  zeal  and  holy 
fear,  is  the  road  to  "  love's  high  unruffled 
state."  But,  apart  from  authorities  and 
quotations,  what  is  the  personality  of  God 
to  whom  infinite  hate  is  attributed  ?  Is 
infinite  hate  in  God  a  conception  in  the 
Gospel  as  it  came  from  Christ  ? 

THE    NEW   TESTAMENT. 

The  Appearances  of  our  Lord  after  the 
Passion.  By  Henry  Barclay  Swete.  (Mac- 
millan  &  Co.) — Prof.  Swete  tells  us  in  a 
Fore-word  that  the  pages  of  this  book  were 
written  "  in  the  hope  that  a  simple  narrative 
of  the  Appearances  of  the  risen  Lord,  based 
on  a  study  of  the  documents,  might  be 
welcome  to  readers  of  the  English  New 
Testament,  and  especially  to  those  who 
undertake  the  responsible  work  of  imparting 
Biblical  knowledge  in  schools  or  to  classes  of 
adults."  Greek  words  ar©  not  used  in  the 
text  itself,  but  in  the  valuable  notes  references 
are  constantly  made  to  the  original  docu- 
ments. There  is  no  discussion  of  the 
possibility  of  the  appearances,  and  the 
purpose  of  the  author  does  not  admit  of 
such  discussion ;  but  there  is  mention  of  the 
significant  historical  fact  that  on  five  occa- 
sions witnesses,  living  when  1  Corinthians 
was  written,  believed  they  had  seen  the 
risen  Lord  in  the  weeks  after  His  death. 
Prof.  Swete  deals  with  the  appearances  before 
the  Ascension  to  the  women,  to  Peter, 
Thomas,  James,  and  others  ;  and  after  the 
Ascension  to  Stephen,  Saul,  and  John.  His 
descriptive  narrative  is  lucid  throughout, 
and  his  explanations  or  comments  are 
generally  instructive.  The  explanations, 
however,  are  not  always  convincing.  He 
imagines  Saul  at  Jerusalem  telling  Peter 
and  James  how  he  had  seen  the  Lord  on 
the  way  to  Damascus,  and  Peter  saying  : 
"  He  appeared  to  me  also,  on  the  day  that 
He  rose,"  and  James  adding,  "  And  to  me 
also  afterwards."  Then  follows  the  com- 
ment :  "  Each  would  be  full  of  his  own 
thoughts,  but  neither  would  care  to  lift 
the  veil  any  further,  and  Saul  on  his  part 
would  have  shrunk  from  asking  for  con- 
fidences which  were  not  offered."  It  may 
be,  of  course,  that  Peter  was  silent  where 
Paul  was  impetuous  in  his  frankness.  Deal- 
ing with  the  objection  that  the  Ascension 
was  in  defiance  of  the  laws  of  nature,  ho  says 
that  such  a  conception  "  is  at  once  a  misread- 
ing of  the  historical  fact,  and  a  misapprehen- 
sion of  the  inner  truth  which  it  represents." 
His  explanation  is  that  "  the  Lord  finally 
withdrew  His  risen  body  from  the  eyes  and 
touch  of  His  disciples,  and  that  in  the 
moment  of  His  disappearance  He  was 
enveloped  by  a  passing  cloud,  which  travelled 
upwards  as  if  it  were  carrying  Him  up  to 
heaven."  The  explanation,  however,  is  hardly 
justified  by  the  Greek  text,  which  is  koi 
TavTa  c'nriov  [JXennvTuyv  aDTw  £irr)p6r),  koi 
ve<p(\rj  VTT(\a(3ev  avrliv  euro  Ttav  o<j)6aXfiu)v 
avrww  In  the  treatment  of  a  series  of 
facts  often  disputed  it  is  surely  dangerous 
to  admit  that  "  the  closing  chapters  of  St. 
John's  Gospel  may,  like  much  else  in  that 
wonderful  book,  have  taken  some  of  their 
colour  from  the  author's  own  mind." 

Paul.  By  the  late  Prof.  Dr.  W.  Wrede. 
Translated  by  Edward  Lummis.  With  Pre- 
face by  J.  Estlin  Carpenter.  (Green.) — Paul, 
it  appears  from  this  book,  is  to  be  regarded 
as    the    second    founder    of    Christianity ; 


and,  if  the  truth  is  told,  the  second  had 
little  direct  association  with  the  first.  "  The 
moral  majesty  of  Jesus,"  Dr.  Wrede  says, 
"  his  purity  and  piety,  his  ministry  among  his 
people,  his  manner  as  a  prophet,  the  whole  concrete 
ethical-religious  content  of  his  earthly  life,  signifies 
for  Paul's  Christology — nothing  whatever.  The 
manhood  appears  to  be  a  purely  formal  thing." 
There  is  no  attempt  by  Dr.  Wrede  to  explain 
away  the  vision  of  the  risen  Christ  on  the 
road  to  Damascus.  On  the  contrary,  he 
finds  that  the  vision  is  necessary  to  account 
for  the  fact  that  one  who  had  not  seen 
Jesus  accepted  Him  as  the  Son  of  God  who 
appeared  in  the  form  of  man  for  purposes  of 
redemption.  Paul,  we  are  told,  believed 
in  "a  celestial  being,  in  a  divine  Christ, 
before  he  believed  in  Jesus  "  ;  and  the  vision 
enabled  him  to  identify  that  celestial  being 
with  the  Jesus  whose  followers  he  had 
persecuted.  When  he  set  forth  Christ  in 
his  epistles  it  was  not  the  historical  person, 
but  the  Christ  of  his  own  thought,  whom  he 
presented  as  the  Redeemer  ;  and  the  fact 
that  Jesus  of  Nazareth  died  and  rose  again 
proved  to  Paul's  satisfaction  that  He  was 
in  reality  the  celestial  being  in  whom  he 
had  believed.  By  his  own  thought,  not 
by  the  help  of  Christ's  teaching  regarding 
Himself  or  by  communications  from  the 
disciples,  he  found  the  redemptive  signifi- 
cance of  the  death  and  resurrection  of  Jesus. 
We  are  asked  to  accept  as  a  fact  that  Paul 
had  certain  beliefs  before  his  conversion. 
No  evidence  exists  to  prove  that  he  had 
them  ;  but  if  he  had,  what  was  their  nature  ? 
Dr.  Wrede  is  on  much  surer  ground  when  he 
analyzes  Paul's  theological  teaching,  and 
special  attention  is  due  to  his  examination 
of  the  redemptive  doctrine.  He  sums  up 
his  arguments  by  saying  : — 

"  Christ,  the  son  of  God,  resigns  his  sonship  and 
becomes  a  miserable  man  like  us,  that  we  men 
may  become  sons  of  God  ;  Christ  enters  into  the 
dominion  of  sin,  but  overcomes  it  by  his  death ; 
and  so  we,  who  languished  in  the  bonds  of  sin,  are 
freed  from  it." 

It  is  not  easy  to  follow  him  when  he  declares 
that,  though  Paul  says  that  man  is  justified 
through  faith,  that  doctrine,  if  taken  liter- 
ally, does  not  stand  above,  but  below,  the 
Jewish.  Again,  there  is  a  difficulty  when 
he  asserts  that  "  our  relation  to  God 
does  not  depend  on  performance  and  merit, 
not  even  on  that  of  faith,"  and  that  God 
justifies  man  "  freely,"  "  of  grace."  Surely 
faith  had  a  place  in  Paul's  statement  of  the 
scheme  of  redemption ;  and  it  may  be  pointed 
out  that,  if  justification  is  by  grace  alone, 
there  seems  to  have  been  no  need  for  the 
death  by  which,  as  Paul  taught  and  Dr. 
Wrede  says  he  did,  redemption  was  made 
possible  for  man.  There  is  a  short  preface 
to  this  book  by  Dr.  Estlin  Carpenter,  in 
which  the  most  important  statement  is  that 
"  those  who  plead  that  the  Church  should 
go  '  back  to  Jesus  '  must  never  forget  that 
but  for  Paul  there  would  (humanly  speaking) 
have  been  no  Church  at  all." 

Notes  on  New  Testament  Criticism.  By 
Edwin  A.  Abbott.  (A.  &  C.  Black.)— Dr. 
Abbott,  knowing  that  he  may  be  accused  of 
rejecting  the  admonition  implied  in  the 
words  "  of  making  many  books  there  is  no 
end,"  quotes  the  Targum  version  : — 

"And  furthermore,  my  son,  be  admonished  to 
make  very  many  l>ooks  of  wisdom,  so  that  there  may 
bo  no  end,  and  to  study  the  words  of  the  Law,  and 
to  attain  understanding  in  weariness  of  the  flesh." 
The  version  ought  to  afford  consolation  to 
men  of  letters  who  like  Dr.  Abbott  make 
many  books ;  and  it  may  be  said  that 
for  his  apt  quotation  much  should 
be  justified  to  him.  Tho  quotation  illus- 
trates the  character  of  this  book.  Tho  author 
is    a   learned    doctor    in    many    spheres    of 


liio 


T  II  E     AT  II  E  X  JKUM 


No.  4190,  Feb.  l">,  1908 


literature  Hid  fortunately  li  able  by  bis 
leaning  to  d  the  grammar  oi  the  New 

Testament  writers,  and  reveeJ  parte  at 
1, .,  i  ol  their  literarj  environment.  There 
is  a  long  note,  for  instance,  filling  more 
than  a  Eundred  pagee  <>f  tins  volume,  in 
which  there  ie  a  preliminary  examination  <>f 
the  phrase  "  Bon  oi  Man."  The  completed 
discussion  of  the  phrase  to  to  be  ^'V'1  in 
'Tii.'  Fourfold  Gospel,'  a  Ih><>!<  which  is  in 
preparation,  but  the  note  itself  is  of  great 
value  as  it  deals  with  the  "Son  of  Man" 
in  the  Law,  the  Prophets,  the  Psalms,  and 
Job  ;  refers  to  Pauline  equivalents  and  to 
terms  in  Revelation  ;  and  passes  to  early 
Christian  writers  such  as  Tgnatius,  Justin, 
Tertullian.  and  Origen.  Sinco  tho  phrase 
is  used  by  Jesus  as  the  designation  of  Him- 
self, naturally  the  greatest  interest  is 
attached  to  it,  and  it  is  commanding  the 
attention  of  scholars  of  the  present  day. 
Whatever  conclusion  Dr.  Abbott  may 
ultimately  reach  regarding  the  significance 
of  the  name,  ho  has  done  excellent  service 
by  his  critical  and  historical  examination 
of  its  usage  and  interpretation.  Learning  is 
poured  forth  in  abundance,  and  praise  is 
justly  due  to  the  scholar.  The  value  of 
Dr.  Abbott's  work  may  be  shown  by  refer- 
ence to  his  comment  on  the  story  of  "  the 
stater."  He  does  not  accept  that  story  as 
the  account  of  an  actual  miracle  ;  but  he 
goes  beyond  mere  opinion  and  conjecture 
when  he  tries  to  show  by  the  aid  of  learning 
how  fact  is  transmuted  into  fiction.  He 
asks,  What  was  the  original  tradition  ? 
and  suggests  that  after  Peter's  denial  the 
Lord  went  to  His  disciple  and  assured  him 
that  there  was  no  need  for  ransom  or  tax, 
but  that  there  should  be  no  stumbling- 
block  he  bade  him  toil  for  his  Master  and 
prove  himself  a  true  fisher  of  men.  "  The 
apostle,"  Dr.  Abbott  writes, 

"  had  felt  sore  misgivings  about  his  own  soul.  He 
had  'lost  his  drachma.'  What  was  he  to  do?  The 
proverb  said,  'Look  into  thine  own  possessions  and 
thou  shalt  find  a  stater.'  Christ  '  came  to  meet '  him, 
saying,  in  effect,  '  No,  do  not  look  into  thine  own 
possessions.  Toil  for  others,  toil  for  my  converts. 
Catch  the  fish.  Open  their  dumb  mouths  to  the 
praise  and  glory  of  God.  Thus  shalt  thou  find  a 
stater.'" 

The  reference  to  the  proverb  is  not  to  be 
despised  in  any  interpretation  of  the  narrative 
of  the  miracle  ;  and  if  the  words  supposed 
to  come  from  the  lips  of  Christ  are  not 
fitted  for  a  basis  for  the  story  of  the  miracle, 
the  association  of  the  incident  in  the  Gospel 
with  the  proverb  seems  to  be  more  than  the 
mere  fancy  of  a  critic.  In  his  theory  of  the 
origin  of  the  miracle  story,  as  in.  his  con- 
clusion, for  example,  that  the  Apocalypse 
was  written  long  after  the  fall  of  Jerusalem, 
Dr.  Abbott  may  have  blundered  ;  but  he  is 
no  rash  disturber  of  the  evangelioal  peace, 
and  he  writes  as  a  scholar  for  scholars. 

The  Life  of  our  Lord.  By  the  Rev.  John  F. 
Lawis.  (Dent.) — This  is  a  life  of  our  Lord 
which  attempts,  as  tho  title-page  explains, 
"  to  construct  from  tho  four  Gospels  a 
consecutive  record  of  events  and  discourses, 
so  far  as  can  be  ascertained."  Mr.  Lawis 
acknowledges  his  debt  to  the  late  Prof. 
Salmond's  primer  on  '  Tho  Life  of  Christ ' 
for  suggesting  the  order  of  events  which  he 
has  adopted  ;  and  ho  sends  forth  the  book 
in  the  hope  that  it  may  be  a  companion  for 
the  devout  life.  The  special  value  of  it 
is  the  neat  and  handy  form  in  which  it 
is  published,  and  every  one  may  now  have 
tho  Gospel  story,  compiled  from  the  four 
writers,  as  a  continuous  narrative.  The 
advantages  and  defects  of  such  a  narrative 
are  conspicuous.  Every  reader  for  the 
ends  of  piety  or  the  purposes  of  study 
desires  to  havo  the  life  of  the  Lord  as  a  whole, 


ami  t<.  mo  the  event!  fan  sequence.    'I 
must  be,  on   the  other  band,  an  arbitrary 
chronology,    i   peciaDy   when    the   confa 

(if    the    Fourth    Gospel    are    interwoven    with 

those  of  the  other  Gospels.  There  must,  fur- 
ther, bo  not  only  sudden  transitions  in  the 
narrative,  as  in  tho  original  writings,  but 
also  violent  ohangee  in  style.  The  delects  in 
the  continuous  narrative  oannol  be  avoidi  d, 
and  Mr.  Lawis  is  not  responsible  for  thorn  ; 
but  ho  supplies  the  titles  to  the  sections. 
'  Tho  Matchless  Prayer '  may  not  offend. 
What  judgment  is  to  be  passed  on  '  Second 
Tour  in  Galileo'  and  'John's  Disciples  re 
Fasting '  ? 

The  Apologetic  of  the  New  Testament.  By 
E.  F.  Scott.  (Williams  &  Norgate.)— In 
this  volume,  an  addition  to  "  The  Crown 
Theological  Library,"  Mr.  Scott  has  done 
excellent  work.  He  shows  the  chief  lines 
of  defence  adopted  by  tho  New  Testament 
writers,  and  enumerates  the  cardinal  points 
at  issue  in  "  the  primitive  Apologetic." 
These  points  are  the  personality  of  Christ, 
the  conception  of  God  and  His  relation  to 
the  world,  the  Church  and  its  right  to  exist, 
and  particular  tenets  of  faith,  such  as  the 
Resurrection,  the  Parousia,  and  the  Eucha- 
rist. The  chapters  dealing  with  Jesus  as 
the  Messiah,  Christianity  and  Judaism, 
Christianity  and  heathenism,  and  Christianity 
and  Gnosticism  are  not  only  clear  accounts  of 
the  teaching  of  the  New  Testament  on  the 
subjects  indicated  in  the  titles,  but  also 
graphic  sketches  of  stages  in  the  movement 
of  Christian  thought.  In  the  chapter  on 
'  Christianity  as  Absolute  Religion '  Mr. 
Scott  says  :  "  The  Fourth  Evangelist  refuses 
to  identify  Christianity  with  any  fixed 
doctrine.  He  grounds  its  claim  to  be  the 
absolute  religion  precisely  in  this — that  it  is 
capable  of  an  infinite  development."  In  the 
last  chapter,  that  on  '  The  New  Testament 
Defence,'  he  asserts  that  "  Christianity 
must  not  be  confounded  with  any  type  of 
doctrine  offered  us  in  the  New  Testament." 
Every  intelligent  man  will  admit  with  Mr. 
Scott  that  the  New  Testament  "  bears 
witness  to  a  constant  revision  and  enlarge- 
ment of  belief";  yet  what  is  Christianity, 
which  the  Fourth  Evangelist  would  not 
identify  with  any  fixed  doctrine,  which, 
according  to  Mr.  Scott,  is  not  to  be  con- 
founded with  any  type  of  New  Testament 
doctrine,  and  which  is  being  constantly 
revised  and  enlarged  ?  If  we  are  to  use  the 
New  Testament  as  an  Apologetic  with  the 
help  of  Mr.  Scott,  he  ought  to  show  what 
Christianity  is  apart  from  the  doctrines  by 
which  it  is  presented  to  thought. 

Jesus  and  His  Teaching.  By  Erich  von 
Schrenck.  Translated  by  J.  Warschauer. 
(J.  Clarke  &  Co.) — A  course  of  lectures  to 
educated  laymen  was  the  basis  of  fchjg  ^00k, 
which  in  its  popular  style  does  not  admit 
of  notes  and  references  in  justification  of  its 
Statements.  It  is,  in  spite  of  tho  absence 
of  notes,  a  scholarly  work,  and,  as  it  deals 
with  the  teaching  of  Jesus,  it  ought  to  be  of 
value  to  the  man  who  wishes  to  read  the 
Gospels  with  understanding.  The  critical 
yet  reverent  style  of  the  author  may  be 
seen  from  his  statement  that  the  "  Fourth 
Gospol,  that  work  of  artistic  and  religious 
genius,  shows  how  great  an  impression  Jesus 
Christ  was  able  to  create,  seeing  that  such  a 
history  could  be  written  concerning  Him.  It 
is  His  history,  not  after  the  flesh,  but  after 
the  spirit ;  and  however  carefully  it  may 
havo  to  be  used  by  the  historian,  it  teaches 
us  His  infinite  religious  significance."  One 
of  the  most  interesting  chapters  in  the  book 
is  that  which  deals  with  the  '  Historical 
Antecedents.'  Jesus  is  shown  to  be  no  alien 
to  tho  highest  ideas  and  most  spiritual 
moods  current  in  Judaism,  and  at  the  same 


time   BO    truly    to    ti.  e  as    to   be 

entitled    to    be  iian.ed    the   found"  r  oi   a  I- 

religion.     I  ndec    the    landing    of    '  Social 

Ethioe    these  era  valuable  sugg*  m  h 

iih  this,  that  "  jf  Matthew  adduces  a  just 
ground  for  divorce,  WO  i-Jitill  probably  be 
I  in  regarding  this  as  a  beginning  of 
Christian  ecclesiastical  legislation,  wnJ 
attempted  to  mediate  between  the  liard 
precepts  of  Jesus  and  the  facts  of  life." 
There  are  statements  regarding  Jesus  in 
relation  to  marriage  which  may  well  shock 
mi  n  oi  piety  ;  but  approbation  may  be  given 
to  the  assertion  that  Jesus  "  has  raised 
marriage  and  the  life  of  the  family  to  a  higher 
level,"  and  also  to  the  criticism  that  "  to 
point  to  monasticism  as  proof  of  the  con- 
trary is  beside  the  purpose,  for  monasticism 
is  not  a  specifically  Christian  phenomenon." 
The  author,  dealing  with  the  personality  of 
Jesus,  says  that  He  is  the  Son,  and  also  the 
Messiah  predicted  for  centuries.  He  asks 
which  of  these  two  conceptions  is  primary 
in  the  mind  of  Jesus,  and  seeks  to  identify 
them,  saying  that  "  because  He  was  the  Son, 
therefore  He  was  the  Messiah  also  :  that, 
and  not  the  reverse,  was  the  psychological 
order  of  development." 

The  Advent  of  the  Father.  By  Archibald 
Allan.  (Glasgow,  MacLehose  &  Sons.) — Mr. 
Allan  seeks  to  prove  that  the  Fatherhood  of 
God  is  the  fundamental  idea  in  what  ho 
calls  the  system  of  Jesus.  He  says  that 
"His  'Revelation'  and  'Inspiration'  do  not 
come  to  Him  by  secret  special  messengers  who 
traverse  supernatural  corridors  and  flit  towards 
Him  down  aerial  and  mystic  staircases." 
Fortunately  he  does  not  persevere  with  this 
florid  style  when  he  asserts  that  it  is 
through  man  that  Jesus  knows  the  Father. 
He  proceeds  to  say  that 

"in  His  vision,  God,  the  Incomprehensible, 
becomes  Father  ;  the  Father  becomes  the  Son  ;  the 
Son  becomes  the  '  Son  of  Man,'  the  Child ;  the 
Spirit  and  Ideal  of  Man." 

What  is  the  logic  of  the  process,  it  may  be 
asked,  by  which  the  Incomprehensible 
becomes  Father  ;  and  since  the  Father  is 
known  through  man,  is  man  the  measure  of 
the  Father  ?  Mr.  Allan  sets  forth  that  the 
characteristic  of  fatherhood  is  the  giving  of 
life,  and  the  doctrine  he  seeks  to  establish 
is  that  "  the  Infinite  Being  as  Life-giver,  the 
Father,  was  Jesus'  fundamental  declaration 
to  mankind."  Praise  is  due  to  him  for 
showing  the  important  place  which  the  idea 
of  life  holds  in  the  teacliing  of  Jesus,  whether 
or  not  that  teacliing  is  to  be  called  a  system. 
He  complains  that  the  Church  has  not  at 
any  time  made  the  Fatherhood  of  God  a 
vital  part  of  the  Faith,  and  with  special 
reference  to  the  giving  of  life  by  the  Father 
he  draws  attention  to  the  Virgin  Birth  of 
Christ,  He  does  not  positively  deny  the 
fact,  but  he  asserts  that  the  Church's  inter- 
pretation of  Luke  i.  35  is  "  directly  due  to 
the  Jewish  foul-mindedness  winch  held  all 
sex-relationship  as  unclean,  and  births  as 
uncleannesses."  Apart  from  the  problem 
of  the  Virgin  Birth  it  could  be  shown,  were 
the  discussion  here  relevant,  that  "  foul- 
mindedness "  is  an  unjust  expression,  since 
Orientals  made  an  absolute  dualism  between 
spirit  and  matter,  and  exalted  the  things 
that  are  spiritual  by  debasing  the  things 
that  are  material.  In  showing  the  signifi- 
cance of  the  idea  of  the  Father  as  Life-giver 
Mr.  Allan  draws  attention  to  the  fact  that 
Jesus  bears  no  mandate  from  God  concerning 
sin.  Though  he  has  said  that  it  is  through 
man  that  Jesus  knows  the  Father,  he  declares 
that  "  Jesus  comes  from  the  Father  with  a 
mission  of  life  to  man,"  and  that 
"Jesus  has  not  revealed  God  as  biassed  in  His 
work  or  word  by  what  man  has  either  said  or  done, 
nor  has  He  shown  Him  in  any  function,  or  moving 


No.  4190,  Feb.  15,  1908 


THE    ATHENAEUM 


191 


under  any  impulse  which  would  justify  us  in 
maintaining  that  He  had  man's  sin  before  Him,  or 
consciously  in  His  mind  as  its  judge." 
Mr.  Allan  does  well  when  he  examines  the 
Gospels,  and  shows  that  in  the  representation 
or  representations  of  Christ  He  does  not 
appear  to  be  specially  associated  with  the 
sin  of  man,  either  as  judge  or  Saviour,  so 
much  as  with  the  life  of  man,  and  that  the 
Father  Himself  is  not  represented  as  the 
judge  or  punisher  of  sinners.  Though  Mr. 
Allan  says  that  the  words  of  Jesus  "  contain 
no  reference  to  sin,  or  to  atonement  for  sin, 
or  to  sin  associated  in  any  way  with  His 
life  and  God-given  work,"  it  is  not  to  be 
forgotten  that  John's  statement  "  Behold 
the  Lamb  of  God,  which  taketh  away  the 
sin  of  the  world,"  is  essentially  connected, 
as  certain  critics  assert,  with  the  narrative 
in  the  Fourth  Gospel  of  the  death  of  Christ 
as  the  Paschal  Lamb.  The  connexion  of 
Jesus  with  the  removal  of  the  sin  of  man 
cannot  easily  be  explained  away,  so  far  as 
the  Fourth  Gospel  is  concerned  ;  but  it  is 
wise  to  show,  as  Mr.  Allan  does,  that  emphasis 
is  to  be  laid  on  the  idea  of  life  as  the  divine 
gift  to  man.  Mr.  Allan  is  guilty  of  carrying 
the  conception  of  life-giving  too  far,  and  for 
his  purpose  of  doing  violence  to  exegesis.  \f* 


OUR    LIBRARY  TABLE. 

Mk.  W.  H.  Maxlock  has  given  us  what 
Mr.  Arnold-Forster,  in  our  opinion,  failed 
to  produce  —  a  demolition  of  Socialism 
sufficient  for  the  purpose  of  those  who  desire 
to  direct  public  assault  upon  the  Socialist 
position.  Mr.  Mallock's  plan,  as  pursued 
in  A  Critical  Examination  of  Socialism  (John 
Murray),  is  simple.  The  book  contains 
lectures  delivered  in  American  cities,  with 
foot-notes  dealing  with  criticism  directed 
by  many  Socialists — chiefly  in  the  United 
States — against  Mr.  Mallock's  views.  In  the 
earlier  portion  of  the  volume  he  doubly 
slays  the  slain  in  the  person  of  Marx,  ad- 
mitting at  the  beginning  that  Marx  is  now 
repudiated,  as  academic  and  out  of  date, 
by  modern  "intellectual"  Socialist  writers, 
who,  indeed,  do  not  hesitate  to  class  Marx 
along  with  Ricardo  as  belonging  to  the 
Economic  fossils.  Nevertheless,  ingeniously 
argues  Mr.  Mallock,  it  is  still  necessary 
to  continue  to  demolish  the  big  book  of  Marx, 
inasmuch  as  its  language  and  main  argu- 
ments are  those  made  use  of  by  Socialists, 
even  in  the  present  day,  throughout  their 

Eolitical  propaganda.  All  this  is  true  enough, 
y  almost  universal  admission. 
The  second  and  larger  portion  of  the 
volume  is  devoted  to  the  still  more  congenial 
task  of  knocking  together  the  Economic 
heads  of  "  Mr.  Sidney  Webb  and  his  col- 
leagues ....  the  best-educated  group  of 
Socialistic  thinkers."  Mr.  Webb  is  praised 
as  "a  man  of  conspicuous  talent,"  and 
as  the  most  competent  of  all  writers  to  illus- 
trate the  true  modern  Socialist  position, 
beforo  he  is  assailed  according  to  the  rules  of 
Economic  science.  Our  own  criticism  from 
the  point  of  view  of  impartial  observation, 
were  we  inclined  to  deal  at  length  with  a 
highly  controversial,  but  somewhat  aca- 
demic debate,  would  be  based  on  the  con- 
sideration that  the  Socialists  and  their 
opponent,  Mr.  Mallock,  are  oqually  academic 
— that  their  illustrations  are  equally  in  the 
clouds,  except  where  examples  quoted  by 
Mr.  Mallock  err  in  the  opposite  direction 
of  an  over-practical  crudity.  The  failure 
"  of  the  London  County  Council's  steam- 
boats," for  example,  held  up  to  ridiculo  by 
Mr.  Mallock,  is  obviously  affected  by  con- 
siderations lying  wholly  outside  his  argu- 
ment.    Socialist     writers     occasionally,     as 


the  French  say,  "  pontify  "  :  so  does  Mr. 
Mallock,  as,  for  instance,  when,  after 
destroying  the  doctrine  of  Marx  that  all 
wealth  is  produced  by  labour,  he  points 
out  "  the  profound  error  of  Mill's  argument," 
that  all  of  several  factors  are  equally  essential 
in  the  production.  There  is  a  large  amount 
of  property  of  every  kind  in  the  production 
of  which  labour  and  capital — in  the  usual 
sense  of  the  latter  word — have  played  but 
little  part.  Fashion,  almost  accidental, 
has  intervened,  and  even  Mr.  Mallock's 
favourite  factor  "  intellectual  leadership," 
or  in  other  words  "  brain,"  has  not  been 
needed.  Take  as  an  example  a  famous 
vineyard,  of  limited  extent,  once  worthless, 
which  for  a  considerable  time,  without 
expenditure  and  without  any  but  the  most 
trivial  labour,  produced,  for  an  accidental 
or  an  hereditary  proprietor,  a  gigantic 
income,  followed  by  decline  when  fashion 
changed.  None  of  the  arguments  on  either 
side  has  much  bearing  on  such  a  case.  Yet 
whole  classes  of  properties  are  thus  affected, 
and  such  casual  factors  play  an  enormous 
part  in  the  creation  of  unforeseen  and  un- 
prepared wealth.  At  the  end  of  his  work 
Mr.  Mallock  meets  strong  statements  on 
the  Socialistic  side  by  equally  sweeping 
declarations  of  his  own  :  defensible,  indeed, 
by  the  acute  intellect  of  Mr.  Mallock,  but 
hardly  in  convincing  fashion.  "  The  reward 
received  by  labour,  far  in  excess  of  what 
labour  produces "  :  such  is  the  author's 
summary  of  a  conclusion  of  his  own,  illus- 
trated by  a  real  discussion  between  him 
and  an  American  sentimental  millionaire, 
who  regretfully  informed  him  that  "  all 
very  great  fortunes ....  must  be  derived 
from  the  under-payment  of  labour."  This 
rich  man  did  not  leave  the  presence  of  the 
teacher  sad,  but,  having  come  sad,  went 
away  grateful,  if  not  elated.  Mr.  Mallock 
goes  so  far  as  to  think  that  while  "  interest 
....  may  be  justly  subjected  to  special  bur- 
dens," these  should  not  render  the  reward 
of  wealth  less  desirable  in  the  eyes  of  the 
possessor  than  it  "  otherwise  would  be." 
Bentham  would  have  told  Mr.  Mallock  that 
he  was  hardly  a  philosopher  to  talk  of 
"justice"  in  connexion  with  taxation, 
as  he  does  in  his  summary  of  this  particular 
conclusion.  We  would  add  that  Mr.  Mallock 
would  hardly  lay  down  so  wide  a  proposition 
were  he  a  Chancellor  of  the  Exchequer. 

A  little  volume  by  Mr.  J.  Wylie,  pub- 
lished by  Messrs.  Arnold  Fairbairns  &  Co. 
in  a  series  entitled  "  Historical  Sketches," 
contains  an  account  of  the  past  of  Tlie  House 
of  Lords.  It  is  laudably  free  from  error, 
for  while  the  author  makes  no  pretension 
to  profound  study,  and  rightly  refers  his 
readers  to  Hallam,  May,  and  other  standard 
authorities,  he  has  given  a  better  consecutive 
history  of  one  branch  of  Parliament  than  is 
to  be  found  in  many  more  pretentious  books. 
In  our  review  of  Dr.  Redlich  we  showed  that 
he  confused  Hallam' s  two  "  undaunted 
Wentworths,"  but  the  present  author  care- 
fully separates  Peter  from  Paul :  unfortu- 
nately, however,  he  adds  "  supposed  to  be 
the  brother."  There  is  no  room  for  doubt, 
as  may  be  seen  by  perusal  of  their  lives 
in  the  '  Dictionary  of  National  Biography,' 
or  reference  to  the  State  Papers  containing 
the  Inquisitions  held  at  their  respective 
deaths. 

We  congratulate  Mr.  James  F.  Hope 
upon  a  first  instalment  of  A  History  of  the 
1900  Parliament  (Blackwood  &  Sons).  The 
book  contains  a  good  many  pages  that  are 
dull  ;  perhaps  Parliamentary  proceedings 
are  generally  of  that  nature.  But  it  is 
pleasantly  writton,  and  in  large  parts  more 
readable  than  is  usual  with  such  House  of 
Commons    diaries.     Mr.    Hope   is   given    to 


smartness,  even  to  epigram  :  as,  for  example, 
when  he  tells  us,  after  giving  cases  from  his 
own  side  of  politics  :  "  Conscious  ignorance 
is  considered,  not  without  reason,  to  be  at 
least  a  negative  qualification  for  office." 
We  believe  that  he  is  drawing  on  his  own 
experience  when  he  tells  us  that  a  mover 
and  seconder  of  the  Address  prepared  them- 
selves for  the  ordeal,  the  one  by  bromide 
and  the  other  by  port,  leaving  the  reader 
to  search  Hansard  in  order  to  make  a  guess 
which  was  which.  A  serious  discussion 
on  the  ICing's  Oath  is  raised  by  the  author, 
to  whom  it  is  a  matter  of  belief  and  con- 
science ;  and  his  argument  on  the  subject 
is  of  great  weight  and  well  worthy  of  perusal. 
It  comes  twice  over  in  the  book,  and  raises 
incidentally  the  historical  doubt  as  to  what 
would  have  happened  if,  by  reason  of  the 
sterility  of  all  rather  than  some  of  the  sudden 
marriages  of  the  brothers  of  George  IV., 
the  children  of  King  Jerome  Bonaparte 
had  succeeded  to  the  throne,  "  being  Pro- 
testants." Mr.  Hope,  despite  his  close 
association  of  family  and  creed  with  the 
leader  of  the  Roman  Catholic  nobility, 
is  moderate  also  on  the  education  question, 
and  describes  as  the  influential  figure  in 
both  disputes  "  the  demon  whose  depart- 
ment in  the  nether  bureaucracy  embraces 
the  religious  antagonisms  of  the  United 
Kingdom."  We  have  detected  but  one 
mistake — the  statement  that  Mr.  Asquith's 
Factory  Bill  of  1895  "  did  not  pass."  The 
words  that  Mr.  Hope  quotes  and  explains 
were  dropped,  but  the  effect  upon  the 
Bill  itself  of  "the  cordite  division"  was 
to  carry  it  with  extraordinary  rapidity. 

When  we  reviewed  somewhat  unfavour- 
ably (Aug.  24,  1872)  the  first  volume  of 
Work  and  Wages,  by  Mr.  Thomas  Brassey, 
M.P.,  now  the  well-known  peer,  we  hardly 
expected  to  find  ourselves  dealing  with 
Part  II.  :  Wages  and  Employment  (Long- 
mans) in  1908.  The  author  of  the  earlier 
volume  contributes  an  Introduction  to  the 
Part  now  before  us,  which  is,  as  was  Part  I. 
of  the  "  continuation,"  from  the  pen  of 
Mr.  Sydney  J.  Chapman.  The  book  is  not 
very  useful  for  reference,  as  it  is  less  full 
than  are  special  works  on  most  of  the  points 
with  which  it  deals,  and  the  index  is  not 
complete.  For  consecutive  reading,  it  will 
hardly  compare  with  several  competitors 
in  the  field  ;  while  the  matter  is  not  fresh, 
so  that  the  skilled  reader  is  repelled  by  stale- 
ness.  The  discussion  of  Sir  Godfrey  Lush- 
ington's  minority  report  from  that  which  is, 
curiously  enough,  styled  "  the  recent  Royal 
Commission,"  is,  for  example,  out  of  date, 
now  that  we  are  waiting  for  judicial  decisions 
on  an  entirely  new  Act  dealing  with  the 
protection  of  trade-union  funds  on  wholly 
different  lines.  Some  words  of  the  author 
at  the  top  of  p.  72  suggest  that  he  shares 
the  view  expressed  by  Mr.  Balfour  in  the 
House  of  Commons  that  the  new  Act  affects 
the  "  criminal  law."  The  paragraph  is, 
however,  consistent  with  the  other  and 
soimder  view,  and  may  only  moan  that 
the  author  is  of  opinion  that  further  criminal 
legislation,  on  the  subject  of  picketing, 
for  instance,  may  be  required  in  the  future. 
The  general  opinion  is  to  the  contrary,  and 
in  any  case  it  would  bo  unfortunate  to 
disturb  the  improved  state  of  things  which 
prevails  in  practice  as  compared  with  that 
which  accompanied  labour  disputes  6omo 
years  ago. 

Several  of  tho  newest  questions  aro  dealt 
with  in  the  volume  in  a  way  to  give  little 
guidance  to  the  reader.  Wages  Boards 
and  a  minimum  wage  have  been  so  fully 
described  in  various  troatises  on  Australia, 
and  there  has  been  so  considerable  a  con- 
troversy   on    tho    subject    in    this    country 


192 


T  II  E     ATI.  KX  a:  T  M 


X<».  U90,  Feb.  15,  I 


during  the  peat   fifteen  or  sixteen  month*, 

that   it    is  a  pity   that   t  ho  aut  hor  should  haso 

his  ranuurl  almost  entirely  on  Dr.  Clarke's 
American    report    on    '  Labour    '  onditioni 

in     Australia'     and     on     the    e\e.  Hint     book 

Mr.  \\ .  p.  Reeves.    The  arguments  now 

i  v    here   i  >n    t • « - 1 1 1   sides   bave   to   be 

t,,   hiiicd   by  more  recent    experience.     In 

the     Introduction,     Lord     BraSSey,     naming 

the  topic,  makes  the  far  too  sweeping 
and  general  statement:  "Wages  depend 
on  the  value  <>f  the  wort  produced."  The 
new  inquiry  held  on  scientific  lines  in  Paris 

\>\    theUOl  eminent  of  Prance  entirely  upsets 

this  contention  as  regards  the  feeblest 
branches  of  women's  labour  in  great  towns. 
Mr.  Chapman  is  mistaken  in  liis  belief  thai 
employers  in  Victoria  mostly  take  the  viev< 
that  the  effect  of  Wages  Boards  "has  boon 
detrimental  "  ;  and  it  is  useless  to  namo 
the  Report  of  a  loose  inquiry  in  1903, 
while  forgetting  that  tho  Acts  have  boon 
unanimously  renewed  since  that  date,  and 
that  a  conference  in  London  for  their  dis- 
cussion was  assured  of  that  unanimity 
by  Col.  Reay,  himself  a  Victorian  employer, 
■while  tho  bishops  of  tho  Victorian  dioceses, 
the  Governor  of  the  colony,  tho  Agent- 
General,  and  the  Australian  Ministers  at 
that  time  in  London,  all  showed  by  their 
presence  that  they  entertained  the  belief 
stated  by  us  as  to  the  virtual  unanimity 
of  Victorian  opinion.  The  State  of  South 
Australia  and  that  of  Queensland  appear 
to  have  become  almost  equally  united 
upon  the  subject. 

Many  readers  will  receive  much  pleasure 
from  The  Reminiscences  of  Albert  Pell  (John 
Murray).  A  great  personality  stands  out 
from  this  autobiography,  with  all  its  humour 
and  all  its  uprightness.  Pell,  like  a  brother 
agricultural  Tory  member  of  the  House  of 
Commons,  J.  W.  Henley,  only  just  missed 
being,  as  the  Americans  say,  "  a  crank." 
But  (in  spite  of  his  oddities)  his  rugged 
independence,  his  skill  as  a  farmer,  and  his 
distinction  as  an  administrator  in  the  east 
of  London,  redeem  Pell,  as  statesmanship  did 
Henlej%  from  membership  of  an  amusing, 
but  otherwise  useless  class.  The  book  is 
remarkable  in  the  way  it  endears  the 
author  to  us.  Those  who,  like  the  writer 
of  the  present  notice,  had  the  honour  of 
Pell's  acquaintance,  will  feel  drawn  closer 
to  him  by  his  autobiography  than  even  they 
could  have  dreamt  to  be  possible. 

Pell  was  sprung  by  ancestry  from  humble 
"  below-bridgers,"  boat-builders  in  the  east 
of  London.  He  claimed  descent  from  one 
of  Jack  Cade's  Kentish  colleagues  in  rebellion; 
but  Pell  was  much  given  to  telling  yarns,  as 
will  be  discovered  in  this  volume  by  those 
who  did  not  know  him.  In  the  modern 
slang  phrase,  he  was  continually  "  pulling 
the  leg  "  of  all  his  friends,  and  even  pulling 
the  collective  leg  of  the  House  of  Commons. 
Henley,  himself  with  all  his  prodigious 
solemnity,  sometimes  did  the  same.  Pell 
did  it  with  a  twinkle  in  his  eye,  not  expecting 
to  be  wholly  believed  by  those  of  his  auditors 
not  to  be  classed  as  fools.  He  stood  about 
half  way  in  this  respect  between  Henley  and 
Bernal  Osborne.  As  Mr.  Thomas  Mackay 
says  in  an  excellent  introduction,  Pell  could 
not  resist  the  tomptation  to  fire  a  charge 
of  shot  at  the  tail  of  any  retreating  tiger — a 
practice  which  endeared  him  to  his  friends, 
although  it  sometimes  caused  "unnecessary 
scenes  "  in  the  House  of  Commons. 

Pell  is  humorous  even  in  recounting  his 
father's  funeral.  The  mutes,  the  smell  of 
his  own  black  clothes,  and  lastly  tho  draping 
of  a  tall  hat  for  the  small  boy's  head  with 
heavy  "  crape  floating  down  my  back,  and 
pulling  the  hat  off  my  forehead,"  are  de- 
scribed with  a  freedom  recalling  the  eight- 


th  ci  nt  in  \     i  I'ell    might    ha\  < 

iderable  figure  in  the  world  oi 
letters,   laid   lie  not    been   a  practical  agri- 
culturist     and      PoOT      Law     guardian.       II; 
pit  ii ml'  |  i  odence  of  character,   and 

absence  of  regard   for  the  feeHngJ     *rhi 
ho    thought    them    wrong-    of    the       great 

Iieople"  with  whom  he  became  connected 
>y  the  marriages  of  his  family,  and  by  the 
position  to  which  ho  lnm-il).  on  hi-  own 
merits,  attained,  are  shown  by  bis  curly 
assertions    of   opinion.     Brought    Dp    as    a 

Protectionist,  ho  became  a  fierce  |"n  e  Trader 
as  soon  as  ho  began  to  think  for  himself, 
and,  living  almost  exclusively  among  the 
minority  in  this  country  who  supported  the 
Confederate  cause*  dining  the  American  Civil 
War,  ho  doveloped  for  himself  strong  anti- 
slavery  and  "  Northern  "  viows.  One  stoi  \ 
that  ho  tells  about  the  American  Civil  War 
is  a  reminder  of  a  stato  of  opinion  now  so 
inconceivable  as  to  raise  doubt  about  its 
truth.  Sitting  at  his  Board  of  Guardians 
when  the  news  came  of  the  assassination  of 
President  Lincoln,  ho  deplored  the  action 
of  an  ex-officio  member  of  the  Board  who 
sprang  from  his  chair  and  cheered.  Pell 
adds  that  he  could  only  lower  his  head  and 
pay  tribute  to  the  memory  of  Lincoln, 
"  the  murdered  hero,  in  tears." 

To  be  classed  with  many  equally  delightful 
anecdotes,  among  those  that  remind  us  of 
naval  stories,  is  one  that  sets  forth  the  lifelong 
horror  entertained  towards  the  proctors  of 
Pell's  undergraduate  days.  He  had  been  a 
naughty  boy  at  school,  and  a  slightly  un- 
disciplined undergraduate  at  Cambridge. 
"  Smith  of  Caius  "  was  "  unpopular  from 
his  diligence  and  severity "  in  his  office. 
There  occurred  a  fight  between  this  proctor 
with  his  myrmidons  and  some  Trinity  under- 
graduates, one  of  whom  was  Pell.  Whewell 
himself  was  sent  for,  and  is  said  by  Pell  to 
have  exerted  his  blacksmith's  strength  by 
picking  up  a  townsman  who  ventured  to 
interfere,  and  carrying  him  into  a  corner  of 
St.  Edward's  Church,  where  he  "  pummelled 
him  unmercifully."  The  impression  left  of 
Smith,  however,  was  so  terrible 

"that  long  afterwards,  on  meeting  him  unex- 
pectedly in  Regent  Street  in  the  evening,  I  holted 
for  a  moment  down  a  convenient  passage",  and  could 
not  divest  myself  of  a  feeling  of  caution  in  return- 
ing to  the  street." 

In  regretting  the  past,  Pell  sometimes  makes 
statements  as  sweeping  as  are  those  of  this 
tale.  He  declares,  for  example,  that  "  no 
nightingales  are  now  to  be  heard  "  by  those 
who  travel  in  Cambridgeshire  on  the  Great 
Eastern.  It  is,  however,  not  only  in  Cam- 
bridgeshire that  the  nightingale  has  a 
positive  affection  for  lilac  bushes  in  a  railway- 
station  garden,  where  the  country  round  is 
bare.  The  sandy  plain  about  Berlin  is 
specially  noticeable  as  providing  the  early 
May  song  of  the  nightingale  for  the  railway 
traveller  at  almost  every  station. 

There  is  much  that  is  serious  in  the  volume. 
Pell  writes  with  admirable  truth  and  wisdom 
on  the  exaggeration  of  language  used  as 
to  the  depopulation  of  agricultural  England. 
"Tho  rural  exodus.... is  not  confined  by 
any  means  to  England,"  nor  in  England 
' '  to  the  farm  labourers.  It  did  not  begin 
with  them."  So  far  as  the  movement  could 
be  said  to  exist,  Pell  ascribes  it  to  "  the 
feeling  of  surveillance  and  patronage," 
discussion  of  "  the  private  failings  and 
domestic  peculiarities  of  the  smaller  people," 
and  consequent  hope  for  "  escape  from 
'  goody-goody '  observation."  He  thinks 
that  in  his  early  days  "  much  more  field 
work  "  was  done  by  women  than  is  now  the 
case.  The  figures  of  tho  Registrar-General 
are  not  satisfactory,  through  no  fault  of  his 
Office.  It  is  extremely  difficult  to  obtain 
accurate  information  upon  the  point.    There 


are    parts    of     I  Bad    in    which    there    lias 

been   a  great    u  of  farm   labour  bj 

women   u   recent   j ear-  ;    a 

i in   carrot-growing  parts  of  the  light  lands 

of    Sumy,    where   almost    1 !  • 
work  in  the  fields  is  done  by  gangs  of  women 
under  woinei  I'ell  argui  -  at  l<-ri(rth 

in  favour  of  the  ■  ore  v>  i  i  ral  adoption  of  his 
own  practice  of  ploughing  wit!  but 

fails    to   refer    to    continental    and 

Science.     The    matter    is    one    in    which 
his    opinion    is    of   value   and    worth    fuller 

t  ii  atment. 

That  the  Index,  although  fairly  good,  is 
incomplete  is  sufficiently  shown  by  the 
absence  of  tho  name  likely  to  he  looked  for 
in  connexion  with  one  of  J 'ell  -  beet  stories — 
a  true  one.  He  raced,  when  a  now  member,  a 
distinguished  contemporary  from  the  bar  of 
the  House  of  Lords  to  the  door  of  the  House 
of  Commons  after  the  Queen's  Speech. 

We  can  unreservedly  praise  as  a  book 
of  revolutionary  adventure  The  J,'"l  Reign, 
by  Mr.  Kellogg  Durland,publis;hid  by  M< 
Hodder  &  Stoughton,  but  essentially  Ameri- 
can. We  dealt  so  fully  with  a  volume  called 
'Fire  and  Sword  in  the  Caucasus'  (At/ 
June  9,  1906)  that  it  is,  perhaps,  enough 
to  say  of  the  present  author  that  no  confirms 
the  curious  history  of  a  confused  revolution. 
More  than  half  of  his  book,  however  (as  well 
as  the  interesting  photographs,  of  which  it  is 
full),  deals  with  the  revolutionists  in  Siberia 
and  in  the  Russian  prisons  or  on  the  road 
to  exile.  In  this  part  of  his  work  Mr. 
Durland  reminds  us  of  another  author — 
Leo  Deutsch,  and  shows  the  same  inner 
knowledge  of  the  revolutionary  movement. 
It  is  possible  that  these  chapters  may  have 
afforded,  when  they  were  appearing  in 
American  newspapers  and  magazines,  some 
clues  to  the  Russian  police. 

A  Parson's  Ponderings,  by  the  late  Canon 
G.  J.  Low  (Toronto,  William  Briggs),  are 
reprinted  from  The  Week  of  Toronto  and 
The  Commonwealth  of  Ottawa.  Dealing 
with  some  bygone  questions,  they  have 
also  abundance  of  matter  which  is  of  per- 
manent interest,  and  they  show  an  excellent 
and  broadminded  spirit.  Canon  Low  de- 
scribed himself  as  a  High  Anglican,  but  he 
had  sympathies  with  many  forms  of  faith, 
and  also  with  the  outstanding  work  of 
modern  science,  so  that  his  influence  was 
wide.  There  is  profit  in  his  divagations, 
which  are  not  exclusively  theological. 

We  mentioned  lately  in  a  review  of  a 
work  upon  another  topic  the  "  campaign 
against  the  Protestant  missions  "  in  Mada- 
gascar carried  on  by  M.  Augagneur,  the 
present  French  Governor  -  General.  Our 
words  have  brought  us  U(Euvre  des  Missions 
protestantes  a  Madagascar,  by  M.  Jean 
Bianquis,  the  General  Secretary  of  French 
Protestant  Missions,  published  at  Paris 
by  the  Maison  des  Missions  evangeliques. 
It  will  be  found  to  contain  a  complete 
statement  of  the  case  on  behalf  of  the 
English,  French,  Swedish,  Norwegian,  and 
American  missions  in  the  great  island,  and 
of  the  freedom  of  native  preaching  and 
teaching.  M.  Augagneur  has  absolutely 
refused  (contrary,  we  believe,  to  treaty7  right) 
leavo  to  build  churches  in  districts  where, 
in  his  opinion,  there  exist  already  "  enough 
Protestant  places  of  worsliip  for  the  needs 
of  the  population."  He  has  closed  thousands 
of  schools,  on  the  ground  that  the  French 
State  should  support  its  own  official  teach- 
ing ;  but  it  is  pointed  out  that  there  exist 
no  means  at  present  of  replacing  the  ele- 
mentary schools  now  closed  or  closing. 
As  the  author  writes,  "In  a  year  or  two, 
over  regions  where  light  had  shone  for  half 
a  century,  the  night  of  earlier  days  will 
again  extend  its  shadow."     M.  Augagneul 


No.  4190,  Feb.  15,  1908 


THE    ATHENiEUM 


193 


is  shown  to  be  preventing  natives  from 
becoming  missionaries  or  preachers,  just 
as  he  punishes  them  for  giving  away  quinine 
or  helping  a  woman  in  childbirth,  by  applying 
the  French  law  against  unlicensed  medical 
practitioners.  Attendance  at  Christian 
worship  is  virtually  forbidden  to  native 
functionaries,  but,  as  is  shown,  "  among 
the  various  creeds,  Protestantism  is  subject 
to  a  special  ostracism."  No  Catholic  priest, 
for  example,  has  been  forbidden  to  celebrate 
mass  ;  but  a  French  Protestant  missionary, 
on  giving  the  notice  required  of  a  meeting 
for  religious  worship,  is  informed  that 

"the  law  on  the  liberty  of  public  meeting  not 
having  been  applied  by  decree  to  Madagascar, 
Articles  291  to  294  of  the  penal  code  must  be 
respected  in  Madagascar,  although  abrogated  in 
France." 

The  Radical-Socialist,  Jacobin  ex-Mayor 
of  Lyons,  the  Governor-General,  is  a  fine 
representative  of  the  ideas  of  Louis  XIV. 
on  the  State.  In  France  there  is  a  State, 
but  in  the  greater  portion  of  Madagascar 
it  is  obviously  absent :  a  fact  which  plays 
havoc  with  the  theory. 

Messrs.  Jackson,  Oeage  &  Co.  send  us 
rather  late  The  O.  B.  S.  Calendar,  each  page 
of  which  gives  quotations  for  a  week  from 
Mr.  Shaw's  works,  selected  by  Marion  Nixon. 
It  is  an  unusually  lively  and  instructive 
calendar,  but  the  reader  must  beware  of 
casting  away  January  when  it  is  finished 
as  it  has  December  on  the  other  side,  and 
so  on  throughout.  Why  are  the  days  of  the 
week  ignored?  To  fit  them  to  dates  with- 
out trouble  seems  to  us  one  of  the  chief  uses 
of  a  calendar. 


GRAHAM    OF    CLAVERHOUSE. 

The  reviewer  of  Ian  Maclaren's  '  Graham 
of  Claverhouse '  says  that  "  the  murderers  " 
(in  the  novel)  "  have  not  hitherto  appeared 
as  emissaries  of  a  Whig  statesman."  The 
Whigs,  of  course,  were  always  offering  rewards 
for  the  murders  of  inconvenient  persons, 
such  as  the  Old  and  Young  Chevaliers, 
Montrose,  and  (July  18th,  1689)  Dundee. 
On  July  17th  the  Earl  of  Nottingham  wrote 
to  Mackay,  recommending  to  him  "  First 
and  Second  Murderers " — two  scoundrels 
named  Theaker — who  were  to  "seize" 
Dundee  (the  usual  euphemism).  Dundee 
was  shot,  whoever  shot  him,  on  July  27th. 
On  October  21st  Nottingham  said  that  one 
Theaker  and  a  man  Warner,  who  had  passes 
for  Scotland  on  July  19th,  "  did  the  King 
very  good  service  in  Scotland "  (C.  S. 
Terry,  '  John  Graham  of  Claverhouse,' 
pp.  353-4,  citing  '  Cal.  State  Papers,  Dom., 
1689-90,'  pp.  181,  191,  296).  Whether  the 
Whigs  really  murdered  Dundee  or  not 
nobody  knows,  but  they  were  "  ettling  at 
it,"  and  Ian  Maclaren  obviously  wrote  on 
Mr.  Terry's  information. 

Biographers  of  Dundee  have  not  remarked 
that  in  May — June,  1678,  he  was  already 
potent  at  the  English  Court,  doubtless 
through  the  recommendation  of  the  Prince 
of  Orange  to  the  Duke  of  York.  Sir  George 
Mackenzie,  in  an  undated  and  unpublished 
lotter  of  that  period  to  Lauderdale  in  Edin- 
burgh, writes  that  "  Claverhouse  is  our 
generous  friend,"  that  is,  defends  the 
Government  of  Scotland  against  the  Duke 
of  Hamilton  and  others  who  had  come  to 
Court  with  their  grievances. 

"  Claverhouso's  stone,"  the  traditional 
place  of  his  death,  was  pointed  out  as  such 
to  Burt,  author  of  '  Lotters  from  the  North,' 
as  early  as  circa  1730,  forty  years  after  the 
event ;   yet  it  cannot  bo  a  correct  tradition. 

A.  Lano. 


VEYTIA'S    'CALENDARIOS 
MEXICANOS.' 

All  Americanists  will  be  glad  to  have 
their  attention  called  to  this  editio  princeps 
of  Veytia's  monumental  work,  which  has 
just  been  issued  by  the  Museo  Nacional 
of  Mexico.  The  full  title  is  :  "  Los  Calen- 
darios  Mexicanos,  por  Mariano  Fernandez 
de  Echeverria  y  Veytia.  Edicion  del  Museo 
Nacional  de  Mexico.  Mexico,  imprentay  Taller 
de  Fotograbado  del  Museo  Nacional,  1907." 
But  this  gives  no  adequate  idea  of  the 
typographic  excellence  of  this  handsome 
volume,  and  still  less  of  its  valuable  contents. 
I  have  called  it  a  "  volume,"  but  should 
explain  that  it  is  issued  to  the  public  in  a 
series  of  large  folio  sheets,  of  course  con- 
secutively numbered,  so  that  it  may  be 
conveniently  kept  together  in  a  suitable 
portfolio,  like  so  many  German  publications 
of  a  similar  character.  The  advantage  of 
this  arrangement  is  obvious,  as  the  highly 
artistic  facsimile  reproductions  of  the  plates 
are  thus  saved  the  risk  of  injury  in  the  process 
of  binding,  and  may  be  studied  apart,  or 
else  framed  separately  for  permanent  safe 
keeping.  This,  in  fact,  appears  to  be  the 
intention  of  the  publishers,  who  have 
brought  all  the  plates  together,  as  a  first 
section  of  the  work,  to  be  dealt  with  option- 
ally by  the  fortunate  possessors. 

The  plates  are  followed  by  a  long  and 
learned  Introduction  by  Senor  Genaro 
Garcia,  which  will  be  found  indispensable 
to  a  right  understanding  of  Veytia's  original 
text,  and  forms  a  second  section  of  the  work. 
The  third  section  consists  of  the  text  itself 
in  eleven  chapters,  the  tenth  being  the 
famous  essay  on  the  bissextiles,  which  has 
given  so  mvich  trouble  to  later  students 
of  Aztec  and  Maya  calendric  systems.  All 
are  adorned  with  beautiful  coloured  initials 
like  those  of  mediaeval  manuscripts,  and 
there  is  a  very  fine  portrait  of  the  author, 
who  does  not  here  belie  his  reputation 
as  one  of  the  handsomest  men  of  the  age. 
The  work  concludes  with  corresponding 
tables  or  concordances  between  the  Mexican 
and  Roman  calendars,  carefully  prepared 
by  Sefior  Francisco  Fernandez  del  Castillo, 
and  worked  out  from  the  beginning  of  the 
New  Era  to  the  year  1921. 

By  the  fresh  information  brought  together 
by  Garcia,  many  of  the  obscurities  associated 
with  the  author,  and  especially  his  rela- 
tions with  the  ill-starred  Milanese,  Lorenzo 
Boturini,  have  at  last  been  cleared  up. 
Veytia,  who  came  of  a  good  Basque  stock, 
was  born  in  Puebla  in  1718,  and  after  a 
brilliant  career  in  the  University  of  Mexico 
made  what  we  may  call  the  "  grand  tour  " 
in  Europe,  visiting  even  such  distant  parts 
as  Turkey  and  England.  On  his  return 
to  New  Spain  he  occupied  himself  chiefly 
in  collecting,  and  saving  from  further  de- 
struction, all  the  still  extant  native  records 
he  could  lay  his  hands  on  without  giving 
umbrage  to  the  fanatical  padres.  With 
these  he  withdrew  to  Madrid,  with  the 
intention  of  utilizing  them  in  the  preparation 
of  a  really  authentic  history  of  the  Mexican 
peoples,  being  inspired  with  this  project 
by  the  discovery  that  the  various  reports 
and  memoirs  written  by  the  Aztocs  differed 
considerably  from  those  published  by  the 
early  Spanish  chroniclors,  which  he  held 
to  be  altogether  untrustworthy. 

Ho  had  but  just  sot  to  work  when  he  was 
surprised  by  a  visit  from  Boturini,  who 
had  for  six  years  (1736-42)  been  accumulat- 
ing similar  matorials  for  a  like  purpose, 
but  with  disastrous  consoquencos  to  himsolf. 
Ho  had  unfortunately  incurred  tho  disfavour 
of  the  inquisitorial  iconoclasts,  partly, 
no  doubt,  by  his  successful  efforts  to  roscue 
heathen   documents    from    tho   flamos,    but 


perhaps  still  more  by  his  zeal  in  raising 
unauthorized  subscriptions  for  a  monument 
to  the  miraculous  Madonna  of  Guadalupe. 
Then  came  the  usual  proceedings,  imprison- 
ment, and,  after  tedious  delays,  sentence 
of  banishment  with  sequestration  of  all 
his  effects  (1744).  These  effects,  brought 
together  with  prodigious  labour  and  under 
incredible  hardships,  consisted  exclusively 
of  avast  store  of  priceless  treasures,  chiefly 
native,  described  as  constituting  of  them- 
selves a  veritable  "  museum,"  such  as 
has  never  before  or  since  been  formed  in 
the  New  World — twenty  volumes  of  manu- 
scripts, endless  historical,  astrological,  and 
astronomical  charts  and  pictorial  codices, 
"  with  figures,  characters,  and  hieroglyphs 
on  maguey  paper,  animal  skins,  and  cotton 
sheets."  And  all  these  precious  remains 
of  a  bygone  culture  were  now  consigned 
to  the  Government  archives,  where  they 
became  a  prey  to  "  neglect,  damp,  the 
rats,  and  curiosity-hunters,"  the  miserable 
residue  being  ultimately  transferred  to  the 
Museo  Nacional. 

Thus  it  was  that  in  1744  Boturini,  helpless, 
destitute,  but  with  unbroken  spirits,  sought 
a  shelter  with  Veytia,  whose  hospitality 
he  amply  repaid  by  an  inexhaustible  fund 
of  information  from  a  memory  to  which 
there  seemed  to  be  no  limit.  All  this  is 
duly  and  frankly  acknowledged  by  Veytia, 
who  finds  no  words  to  express  his  astonish- 
ment at  the  boundless  erudition  of  Boturini, 
"  to  whom,"  as  he  remarks  more  than  once, 
"lam  entirely  indebted  for  the  first  lights 
and  information  on  the  main  points  of  this 
history." 

While  thus  helping  Veytia,  Boturini 
became  engaged  on  his  own  long-projected 
work.  His  innocence  had  soon  been  recog- 
nized, and  by  way  of  compensation  for  his 
sufferings  and  losses  he  was  now  promised 
a  pension,  which  appears  never  to  have  been 
paid.  He,  however,  was  appointed  Royal 
Historiographer,  with  a  commission  to 
write  a  history  of  the  New  World  from  the 
rich  materials  which  he  had  collected,  and 
which  were  now  again  placed  at  his  disposal. 
But  he  shirked  the  risk  of  another  journey 
to  Mexico,  and  set  about  executing  his 
commission,  trusting  partly  to  his  prodigious 
memory,  partly  to  such  resources  as  were 
at  that  time  available  in  the  Spanish  libraries. 
He  got  no  further  than  a  first  volume, 
which  was  presented  in  1749  to  the  Council 
under  tho  title  of  '  Cronologia  de  las  princi- 
pal es  Naciones  de  la  America  Septentrional,' 
but  has  never  been  published.  He  died  in 
Madrid  in  1756,  poor  and  forgotten,  and  if 
not  in  actual  distress,  certainly  oppressed 
with  a  deep  sense  of  the  indifference  of  those 
to  whom  he  had  looked  for  support  in  realiz- 
ing the  main  object  of  his  life. 

Nor  did  Veytia  fare  very  much  better 
with  his  '  Historia  Indigena,'  which  con- 
tinued to  occupy  him  till  he  was  overtaken 
by  death  in  his  native  city  of  Puebla  early 
in  the  year  1779.  He  has,  however,  left 
us  a  splendid  fragment  in  the  '  Mexican 
Calendars,'  a  first,  but  very  defective  edition 
of  wluch  was  issued  by  Francisco  Ortega 
in  1836.  At  that  time  several  shoets  were 
missing,  which  have  since  been  recovered 
in  an  old  and  perfect  copy,  possibly  in 
Veytia's  handwriting,  wluch  is  preserved 
in  the  library  of  the  Museo  Nacional,  and 
is  now  honoured  with  the  sumptuous  edition 
under  consideration.  In  preparing  this  pre- 
liminary part  of  his  unfinished  '  Historia 
antigua  de  Mexico,'  tho  author  made  a 
special  study  of  the  Aztec  clu-onological 
system,  or,  as  he  puts  it,  "  the  construction 
of  their  calendars  and  the  order  and  mothod 
with  which  they  computed  their  centurios. 
years,  months,  and  weeks,  until  I  obtained 
a  perfect  understanding  of  their  rocurrent 


104 


T  II  E     A  Til  KN.KUM 


No. 


U0O.  Feb.  15.  1008 


opoclis."  Then  follow  reiterated  tbeaki  to 
Botarini  for  ins  invaluable  oo-operetion 
in  tins  arduooa  undertaking,  bat  lor  irhiefa 
be  jrould  aever  have  been  ni>l<«  to  bread 
in-  \\n\  amid  thii  complexity  of  dirono- 
logioal   and    astronomic    oyolee,    with    the 

confusinl      and      rondonsod      intorpmt  ut  inns 

of  t  ho  nativo  expositors,  "expounding 
them  in  the  way  that  to  mo  sooinod  the 
most  correct,  following  tho  same  rules  and 
principlos  that  I  learned  from  Boturini." 

We  have  therefore  in  tho  '  Calondars ' 
Boturini  himself  redivivus,  which  adds 
immensely  to  their  value,  and  should  be 
takon  into  account  by  those  who  aro  inclined 
to  make  light  of  Veytia's  text.  But  for 
many  their  chief  valuo  will  of  course  be  the 
seven  plates  giving  exquisite  photogravure 
reproductions  of  the  seven  original  Aztec 
calondars,  which  had  fortunately  been 
rescuod  by  Veytia  from  the  inquisitorial 
bonfires,  and  wore  used  by  him  to  illustrate 
tho  first  section  of  his  historic  studies. 
Tho  teclinical  skill  with  which  these  plates 
are  reissued  passes  all  description,  and  their 
scrupulous  fidelity  to  the  originals  is  shown 
by  their  very  presentation,  the  seared 
margins  being  plainly  visible,  which  we  may 
suppose  were  caused  by  the  flames  from 
which  they  were  opportunely  snatched. 
To  Veytia's  seven  the  editors  have  added 
an  eighth — a  very  rare  calendar  on  native 
maguey  paper,  from  the  local  collection 
of  Mr.  Eugene  Boban. 

To  come  now  to  Veytia's  esoteric  teaching, 
as  embodied  in  the  above-mentioned  tenth 
chapter,  which  might  almost  seem  to  have 
been  dictated  by  Boturini — we  know  that 
he  did  dictate  many  things — it  may  be 
thus  summed  up.  The  Aztecs  had  from 
remote  times  calculated  their  years  and 
measured  the  solar  course  by  the  return 
of  spring,  whence  they  called  the  year 
xihuitl,  "  new  growth  "  ;  but  the  course 
of  the  moon  being  more  perceptible,  owing 
to  its  diurnal  visible  changes,  they  regulated 
their  year  by  it,  dividing  this  lunar  year, 
like  the  early  Greeks,  into  neomenias  of  26 
days  each,  with  two  equal  parts,  each  of 
13  days.  But  as  they  found  that  this 
defective  system  led  to  serious  errors  in 
their  calculations,  it  was  corrected  to  the 
year  3901  of  the  (Mexican)  world  at  a  great 
gathering  of  astronomers  in  the  (Toltec) 
city  of  Huehuetlapallan.  Now  the  year 
was  more  accurately  divided  into  18  months 
(or  weeks)  of  20  days  each,  making  360 
days,  at  the  end  of  which  they  added  five 
more  in  the  normal  year,  and  a  sixth  in  the 
bissextile  or  leap-year.  These  intercalaries 
belonged  to  no  month,  and  were  called 
nemontemi,  that  is,  dias  aciagos,  "  unlucky 
days,"  or  dias  desaprovechados,  "  unprofit- 
able," "  useless  days."  The  astronomers 
failed  to  discover  the  division  of  the  six 
odd  hours,  although  they  distinguished 
very  well  the  four  diurnal  periods  of  the 
dawn,  noon,  sunset,  and  midnight.  Then 
the  first  Aztec  month  was  Atemoliztli, 
which  began  on  February  2nd,  and  the  last 
month  Panquetzaliztli,  which  began  on 
January  8th,  the  complementary  days 
corresponding  in  ordinary  years  to  January 
28th,  29th,  30th,  and  31st,  and  February  1st ; 
and  in  the  bissextile  year  to  the  same  days 
plus  February  2nd.  Thus,  he  says,  was 
completed  the  system,  and  he  adds  that  the 
native  historians  (as  known  to  Boturini) 
were  unanimous  on  this  point,  the  discovery 
of  the  bissextile  having  been  made  by  the 
Aztecs  in  3901  a.m.,  that  is,  89  years  before 
it  was  introduced  into  the  Roman  calendar 
under  Julius  Caesar  (45  B.C.).     He  concludes  : 

"  What  is  certain,  admitting  of  no  doubt,  is  that, 
according  to  their  charts  and  calendars,  this  method 
and  use  of  tho  bissextiles  was  already  established 


and  rarrent  amongst  then  in  the  year  1519,  that  jh, 
at  the  Bret  adi  ant  of  the  Spaniard!  in  thoea  parti*." 

He  moans  their  first  arrivul  on  tho  coast, 
where  Cortes  founded  tho  present  city  of 
Vora  Cruz. 

Everything  turns  on  tlio  bissextile,  since 
all  the  early  writers  and  tho  modern  Mexican 
archieologists  aro  agreed  that  tho  year 
comprised  365  days,  including  tho  five 
unlucky  days,  and  was  divided  into  18  moons 
(meztli)  of  20  days  each.  But  tho  greatest 
divergence  of  opinion  continues  to  prevail 
on  the  other  points,  sucli  as  the  first  day 
and  the  first  month  of  the  year,  and  espe- 
cially on  the  question  of  a  leap-year.  Thus 
Leon  y  Gama,  followed  by  Prescott,  Waitz, 
Tylor,  and  others,  begins  tho  year  with 
Tititl  (January  9th)  ;  Orozco  y  Borra  with 
Itzcalli,  20  days  later ;  Motolinea  with 
Tlacaxipehualiztli  (March  1st) ;  Seler  with 
Toxcatl  (May  4th)  ;  and  so  on.  Again, 
most  of  the  early  Spanish  chroniclers  deny 
the  bissextiles,  which  Boturini  and  Chavero 
accept,  and  Mrs.  Zelia  Nuttall  rejects,  or, 
rather,  for  which  she  substitutes  an  analogous 
process  of  adjustment  to  the  astronomic 
year  by  means  of  the  Mexican  52-year 
cycle.  For  this  cycle  there  is  certainly  good 
authority,  though  not  for  its  double,  as 
evolved,  I  believe,  by  Leon  y  Gama,  thus 
introducing  into  the  Aztec  system  a 
periodical  104-year  cycle,  of  which  the  early 
writers  knew  nothing. 

Without  committing  himself  to  a  decided 
opinion  on  the  point  at  issue,  Senor  Garcia 
is  evidently  inclined  to  uphold  Veytia's 
view,  and  ho  shrewdly  remarks  that,  If  the 
Aztecs  did  not  regulate  their  calendar  by 
its  means,  then  the  time  would  come  when 
they  must  have  kept  their  floral  feasts  for 
the  New  Year  (spring)  in  dead  winter, 
when  there  were  no  "  new  growths,"  about 
which  none  of  the  early  observers  have  a 
single  word  to  say.  He  also  quotes  with 
approval  the  remark  of  Sahagun,  best  in- 
formed of  the  native  writers,  that  the  year 
really  did  begin  on  February  2nd,  as  asserted 
by  Veytia,  for  whom  we  may  here  read 
Boturini.  He  further  quotes  Sahagun  as 
flatly  contradicting  a  writer — name  not 
given — who  had  denied  the  bissextile. 
"It  is  false,"  he  says,  "  because  in  the 
true  calendric  computations  they  [the 
Aztecs]  reckon  365  days,  and  every  fourth 
year  they  count  366  days."  Duran  and 
others  are  quoted  much  to  the  same  effect ; 
Herrera  also  for  the  Tlaxcaltecs,  the  allies 
of  Cortes  against  the  Aztecs :  and  the 
learned  Jesuit  Acosta  both  for  the  Aztecs 
and  the  Peruvians,  though  not  positively. 
In  any  case,  this  discussion  has  at  least 
strengthened,  if  not  definitely  established, 
the  Boturini- Veytia  view.  This  is  perhaps 
as  much  as  can  be  expected  where  final 
certainty  can  scarcely  be  reached. 

With  the  true  calendars,  here  for  the 
first  time  worthily  edited,  are  often  confused 
certain  documents  from  the  Boturini  trea- 
sures and  other  sources,  which  are  also, 
but  wrongly,  called  "  calendars."  As  Senor 
Garcia  is  silent,  a  little  light  on  this  point 
may  be  welcomed  by  students  of  Aztec 
lore.  Amongst  the  documents  pilfered  from 
the  confiscated  effects  of  Boturini  was  the 
famous  pictorial  codex  now  known  as  the 
"  Aubin  Tonalamatl,"  because  included  in 
the  collection  which  was  made  by  the 
refugee  Aubin,  and  was  after  his  death 
transferred  to  the  Paris  National  Library 
in  tho  late  forties.  Although  described  as 
a  "  Calendario  idolatrico "  in  the  official 
inventory  of  Boturini's  papers  (1743),  it 
is  not  a  calendar  such  as  those  savod  from 
destruction  by  Veytia.  The  only  correct 
title  of  books  of  this  kind  is  the  Aztec 
"  tonalamatl,"  correctly  translated  by  Tor- 
quemada  as  "  Libros  de  Suertos  y  de  Ven- 


tura, "  the  Booka  of  Fat.-,  ,,r  of  <iood  and 
J'.ad  I  Jays  the  menneJs,  as  they  might 
bo  called,  of  the  professional  sooUusayers 
or  fortune-tellers. 

may    now    bo    pluinly    soon    in    the 
superb  Eac  unile  reproduction  of  the  Aubin 

codex,  which,  thaiikfi  to  tho  riiuiiifici  . 
of  Lo  Due  de  Loubat,  lias  bei  D  <dited, 
with  copious  German  common  taries,  by 
J'jof.  ESdouard  Seler  of  Berlin,  and  is  now 
also  accessible  to  the  general  public,  through 
my  complete  English  edition  ( H<  rlin  arid 
London,  1901).  Here  it  will  be  at  once 
noticed  that  this  "  tonalamatl  " — there  are 
several  still  extant,  all  substantially  the 
same,  but  each  presenting  some  special 
features — runs  only  to  260  days,  distributed 
in  groups  of  thirteen  over  the  twenty  separate 
pictures  which  make  up  the  "  volume," 
and  each  of  which  is  presided  over  by  a 
deity  who  is  supposed  to  influence  the 
several  days  or  groups  of  days. 

The  conspicuous  part  played  by  the 
number  13  in  all  the  "  tonahamatla "  has 
greatly  puzzled  the  commentators,  whose 
attempted  solutions  of  the  problem  are, 
however,  for  the  most  part  mere  guesswork. 
This  is  due  to  the  neglect  or  ignorance  of 
Veytia's  text,  which  gives  us  the  explanation 
in  the  plainest  language.  His  statement 
that  prior  to  the  reform  the  year  consisted 
of  so  many  lunations,  each  of  26  days, 
divided  into  two  equal  parts  (13  +  13), 
explains  the  whole  mystery.  It  shows  that 
the  old  system  was  astrological,  and  not 
astronomical,  devised  for  horoscopic,  and 
not  for  calendric  purposes.  Thus  the 
"  tonalamatls  "  are  survivals  from  the  early 
times  when  astrology  prepared  the  way 
for  astronomy,  just  as  elsewhere  chemistry 
was  preceded  by  alchemy.  In  the  same 
way  is  explained  the  period  of  260  days, 
which  roughly  covers  the  intra-uterine 
life  that  the  horoscope  was  also  supposed 
to  take  into  account  in  forecasting  human 
destinies.  Like  inferences  may  be  drawn 
from  another  "  tonalamatl,"  the  Fejervary- 
Mayer  Codex,  which  is  in  the  Liverpool  Free 
Public  Museums,  and  of  which  fine  facsimile 
reproductions,  with  full  German  and  English 
explanatory  texts,  are  now  also  available 
(Seler  and  Keane,  Berlin  and  London,  1901- 
1902).  A.  H.  Kea>t:. 


LIST  OF  NEW  BOOKS. 
ENGLISH. 

Theology. 

Brown  (C.  R.),  The  Social  Message  of  the  Modern  Pulpit, 
5/  net. 

Holden  (G.  F.),  The  Holy  Ghost  the  Comforter,  2/6  net 

Lilley  (A.  Leslie),  Modernism :  a  Record  and  Review, 
6/  net. 

London  Diocese  Book  for  190S,  1/6  net.  Edited  by  Pre- 
bendary Glendinning  Nash. 

Macdonald  (Roderick),  a  Servant  of  Jesus  Christ.  By  hi* 
Wife,  3/6 

Mason"  (C.  M.),  The  Saviour  of  the  World  :  Vol.  L  The 
Holy  Infancy,  3/6  net. 

Menegoz  (E.),  Religion  and  Theology,  1/  net.  Two  addresses. 
translated  by  Mary  Thorpe:  I.  The  Triple  Theological 
Distinction.     II.  Pardon  and  Righteoosnaaa 

Transformed  Hinduism :  the  Monotheistic  Religion  of 
Beauty.  By  the  Author  of  '  God  the  Beautiful,'  2  vols., 
6/  net. 

Lair. 

Cope  (E.  A.),  Pitman's  Solicitor's  Clerk's  Guide,  2/6 

Grant  (Corrie),  The  Small  Holdings  and  Allotments  Hand- 
book, 1/  net.  With  an  Introduction  by  Earl  Carrington. 

Sibley  (N.  W.),  Criminal  Appeal  and  Evidence,  15/  net. 

Stone's  Justices' Manual,  25/.  The  Justices'  Yearly  Prac- 
tice, 1908. 

Fine  Art  and  Archeology. 

Barrett  (J.  A.  S.),  A  Note  on  the  Roman  Numerals,  1/4. 
Reprint  from  the  Proceedings  of  the  Royal  Society  of 
Edinburgh, 

Berks,  Bucks,  and  Oxon  Archaeological  Journal,  January, 
1/6 

Cross  (A.  W.  S.)  and  Mumby  (A.  E.),  Practical  Notes  for 
Architectural  Draughtsmen,  12/  net. 

Doyle  (R.),  Pictures,  6d.  net.  No.  6  .in  Humorous  Master- 
pieces. 

l'urst  (H),  Chardin  and  his  Times,  M.  net- 
Macartney  (M.  E.),  The  Practical  Exemplar  of  Architecture, 
Drawings,  &c,  12/6  net,    120  plates. 


No.  4190,  Feb.  15,  1908 


THE    ATHENAEUM 


195 


Mackinder  (H.  J.),  The  Rhine,  its  Valley  and  History,  20/ 

net.      With    illustrations   in   colour   by   Mrs.    James 

Jardine,  and  maps. 

Poetry  and  Drama. 
Ballads  and  Poems,  by  Members  of  the  Glasgow  Ballad 

Club.    Third  Series,  7/6  net. 
Campbell  (L.  B.),  The  Grotesque  in  the  Poetry  of  Robert 

Browning.     One  of  the  Bulletins  of  the  University  of 

Case  (T.  H.  T.),  Songs  and  Poems,  1/ 

Hardy  (T.),  The  Dynasts,  Part  III.,  4/6  net.    A  drama  of 

the  Napoleonic  Wars,  in  three  parts.     Contains  19  Acts 

and  130  scenes.    For  notice  of  Part  I.  see  Mhen.,  Jan. 

23,  1904,  p.  123. 
Richardson  (E.),  Artist  Songs,  3/6  net.    Contains  6  illustra- 
tions. 
Seneca,  The  Tragedies,  12/6  net.     Translated  into  English 

verse  by  Frank  Justus  Miller,  with  an  Introduction  by 

John  Matthews  Manly. 
Wilde  (O.),  The  Duchess  of  Padua.     The  first  volume  of  a 

uniform    edition   of   the   author's  works,    limited   to 

1,000  copies. 

Music. 
Racster  (O.),  Chats  on  Violoncellos,  3/6  net.    In  the  Music 

Lover's  Library,  with  18  illustrations. 
Bibliography. 
Bmshfleld  (T.  N.),  A  Bibliography  of  Sir  Walter  Ralegh, 

Knt.     Second  Edition,   with   portraits  'and  facsimiles. 

For  notice  of  first  edition  see  Athen.,  July  31,  1886, 

p.  135. 
Catalogue  of  the  Principal  English  Books  in  circulation  at 

Mudie's  Select  Library,  1/6 
English  Catalogue  of  Books  for  1907,  6/  net. 
Loshe  (L.  D.),  The  Early  American  Novel,  1  dol.  net. 
Plaistow  Library  Record,  January,  No.  1,  Id. 
White  (Newport  J.  D.),  Elias  Bouhe'reau  of  La  Rochelle, 

First  Public  Librarian  in  Ireland,  1/.     Reprinted  from 

the  Proceedings  of  the  Royal  Irish  Academy. 
Philosophy. 
Saltus  (E.),  The  Lords  of  the  Ghostland  :  a  History  of  the 

Ideal,  3/6  net.  Eight  short  essays  dealing  with  Brahma, 

Ormuzd,  Jehovah,  Zeus,  <fcc. 

Political  Economy. 
Hanna  (H.  S.),  A  Financial  History  of  Maryland,  1789-1848. 

In  John  Hopkins  University  Studies. 
Kemmerer  (E.  W.)  Money  and  Credit  Instruments,  5/  net. 

History  and  Biography. 
American  Historical  Review,  January,  1  dol. 
Anderson  (J.  H.),  The  Austro-Prussian  War  in  Bohemia, 

1866,  3/6  net. 
Bain  (R.  Nisbet),  Slavonic  Europe,   5/6  net.    A  political 

history  of  Poland  and  Russia  from  1447  to  1796.     In  the 

Cambridge  Historical  Series. 
Bossuet  (J.  B.),  Oraisons  funebres,  1/6  net.    Preface  by 

Rene1  Doumic. 
Cambridge  Modern  History  :  Vol.  V.    The  Age  of  Louis  XIV. 

16/  net.    For  notice  of  Vol.  X.,  see  Athen.,  Aug.  17, 

1907,  p.  173. 
Curie  (R.  H.  P.),  Aspects  of  George  Meredith,  6/.    With 

portrait  after  the  painting  by  G.  F.  Watts. 
Duchesne  (L.),  The  Beginnings  of  the  temporal  Sovereignty 

of  the  Popes,  754-1073,  7/6. 
Gasquet  (F.  A.),  The  Black  Death  of  1348  and  1349,  6/  net. 

Second  Edition.    For  former  notice  see  Athen.,  Feb.  24, 

1894,  p.  237. 
Griffis  (W.  E.),  The  Japanese  Nation  in  Evolution,  6/.    An 

account  of  steps  in  the  progress  of  a  great  people. 
Love  Letters  of  Mary  Wollstonecraft  to   Gilbert  Imlay, 

3/6  net.    With  a  Memoir  by  Roger  Ingpen,  illustrated 

with  portraits. 
Men  of  America,  42/  net.     A  biographical  dictionary  of 

contemporaries,  edited  by  John  W.  Leonard. 
Powell  (Lyman  P.),  Christian  Science,  the  Faith  and  its 

Founder,  5/  net. 
Prelooker  (J.),  Heroes  and  Heroines  of  Russia  10/  net.  True 

Revolution  Stories,  with  numerous  illustrations. 
Reminiscences  of  Albert  Pell,   sometime  M.P.   for  South 

Leicestershire,  15/  net.    Edited   by  Thomas  Mackay. 

See  p.  192. 
Scargill-Bird  (S.  R.),  A  Guide  to  the  Various  Classes  of 

Documents  preserved  in  the  Public  Record  Office,  7/. 

Third  Edition.    For  notice  of  earlier  issue  see  Athen., 

Jan.  9   1892,  p.  50. 
Smith  (A.  L.),  Frederic  William  Maitland,  2/6  net.    Con- 
tains two  lectures  and  a  Bibliography, 
Wetton  (F.  C),   Reminiscences  of  the  34th  Battalion  Im- 
perial Yeomanry.  3/ net.    Illustrated. 
Oeo'irnphy  and  Travel. 
Gorst(Sir  J.  BA  New  Zealand  Revisited,  12/6  net.    Recol- 
lections and  new  impressions. 
Leland  (J),   Itinerary   in   or   about   the   Years   1535-43, 

Parts   IV.   and   V.,    12/   net,  Edited  by  Lucy  Toulmin 

Smith.    For  notice  of  Parts  I.-III.  see  Athen.,  July  13, 

1907,  p.  36. 

Sports  and  Pastimes. 
Pennell(V.),  Auction  Bridge,  2/6  net. 

Education. 
Benson  (A.  C),  The  Schoolmaster,  2/6  net.     A  commentary 

upon  the  aims  and  methods  of  an  assistant  master  in  a 

Public  School.     New  Edition. 
Schools  of  England  :  Vol.  I.  Comprising  the  South-Eastern 
ion  and  Cambridge  University.     A  brief  book  of 

reference,  with  an  Introduction  by  P.  Shaw  Jeffrey. 

Philology. 

Lindsay  (W.  M.),  Contractions  in   Early  Latin  Minuscule 

M  38.     No.  V.  of  St.  Andrews  University  Publications. 
School-Books. 
Chadwick  (Mrs.  F,.  HA  Notes  of  Lessons  on  Hygiene  and 

Temperance,  Vol.  I.,  3/ 
Elementary  History  Source  Book,  3/6 
Lysias.  Kratosthenes,  2/6.    Introduction,  text,  and  notes, 

edited  by  J.  Thompson  and  T.  K.  Mills  in  the  University 

Tutorial  Series. 
Lyster  (H.   A),  School  Hygiene,  3/6.    Another  of  the  Uni- 
versity Tutorial  Series. 
Science  Chemistry  Papers,  2/6.     The  questions  set  at  the 

Intermediate  Science  Examination  of  the  University  of 

London,  1882  to  1907. 


Sinclair  (J.),  A  Third  Year's  Course  in  Practical  Physics,  1/6 
Zodiacus  Vita?,  or  Marcellus  Palingenius  Stellatus,  2/ net. 

A  Latin  school-book  of  Shakespeare's  time,  described 

by  Foster  Watson. 

Science. 

Annals  of  Mathematics,  January,  2/  net. 

Bigelow  |(J.),  The  Panama  Canal  and  the  Daughters  of 

Danaus. 
Calwell  (W.)  and  Campbell  (J.  and  R.),  A  Textbook  of 

Treatment  Alphabetically  Arranged,  10/  net.     Edited 

by  R.  J.  Ferguson. 
Conard  (H.  S.)  and  Hus  (H.),  Water-Lilies  and  How  to 

Grow  Them,  2/6  net.    Illustrated. 
Foote  (E.   M.),  A  Textbook   of  Minor  Surgery,  21/  net. 

Illustrated. 
Haber  (Dr.  F.),  Thermodynamics  of  Technical  Gas-Reac- 
tions, 10/6  net.   Seven  lectures,  translated  by  Arthur  B. 

Lamb,  with  20  figures. 
Johnson  (J.  P.),  The  Geology  of  the  Roberts-Victor  Diamond 

Mine,  1/ 
Macdonald  (J.),  Stephens'  Book  of  the  Farm  :  Vol.  I.    Land 

and    its    Equipment,    10/6.    Fifth  Edition,   largely  re- 
written. 
MacLaurin  (R.  C).  The  Theory  of  Light.     Part  1.,  9/  net. 

A  treatise  on  physical  optics. 
Park  (R.),  The  Principles  and  Practice  of  Modern  Surgery. 

2  vols.,  36/ net. 
Pink  (A.),  Gardening  for  the  Million,  2/6  net. 
Rentoul  (R.  R.),  Enthetic  Disease,  2/6  net. 
Rich  (W.  HA  Feathered  Game  of  New  England,  15/  net. 

With  87  illustrations  by  the  author. 
Sherzer  (W.   H.),  Glaciers  of  the  Canadian  Rockies  and 

Selkirks.      One  of  the  Smithsonian  Contributions    to 

Knowledge. 
Skinner  (W.  R.),  The  Mining  Manual,  1908,  21/ 
Van  Norman  (H.  E.),  First  Lessons  in  Dairying,  2/6  net. 
Vivian  (A.),  First  Principles  of  Soil  Fertility,  5/  net. 
Westell  (W.  P.),  British  Bird  Life,  3/6.     Sketches  of  every 

species  of  bird  now  regularly  nesting  in  the  British  Isles. 

Illustrated.    Popular  Edition. 

Juvenile  Books. 

Molesworth  (Mrs.),  Rosy ;  Two  Little  Waifs  ;  The  Rectory 
Children,  2/6  each.  New  Editions,  illustrated  by  Walter 
Crane. 

Fiction. 

Armour  (F.  J.),  The  Brotherhood  of  Wisdom,  6/ 

Brebner  (P.  J.),  Vayenne,  6/.  With  frontispiece  by  R.  M.  B. 

Paxton. 
Deakin  (D.),  The  Young  Columbine,  6/.  With  a  frontispiece 

by  Lewis  Baumer. 
Gallon  (T.),  Tinman,  6/.    Illustrated  by  A.  Forestier. 
Galsworthy  (J.),  The  Island  Pharisees,  6/.     New  Edition. 

For  former  notice  see  Athen.,  March  26,  1904,  p.  394. 
Hawtrey  (V.),  Rodwell,  6/ 
Hill  (H.),  Radford  Shone,  6/.    Twelve  sketches  of  the  career 

of  an  expert  in  crime,  illustrated  by  Clement  Flower. 
Hume  (Fergus),  The  Sealed  Message,  6/ 
Kipling  Reader,  2/6.     Selections  from  Mr.  Kipling's  books, 

illustrated   by    J.    Macfarlane.      New    Edition.      For 

notice  of  former  edition  see  Athen.,  Feb.  2,  1901,  p.  141. 
Le  Queux(W.),  The  Pauper  of  Park  Lane,  6/.    A  mystery  of 

East  and  West. 
Moberly  (L.  G.),  A  Tangled  Web  6/ 
Moffett  (Cleveland),  A  King  in  Rags,  6/ 
Nobili  (R.),  A  Modern  Antique,  6/.    A  Florentine  story, 

with  frontispiece. 
Paget  (Mrs.  Gerald),  Going  through  the  Mill,  5/  net. 
Rae-Brown  (C),  The  Shadow  on  the  Manse,  6c?.     A  story  of 

religion  and  the  stage.     New  Edition. 
Rhodes  (K.),  Sweet  Life,  6/ 
Sir  John  Constan tine,  by  Q,  Id.  net.    In  Nelson's  Library. 

For  notice  of  first  edition  see  Athen.,    Dec.  1,   1906, 

p.  687. 
Stevenson  (J.  G.;,  A  Lifted  Veil,  6/ 
Swan  (Edgar),  The  Luck  of  the  Czar,  6/ 
Turner  (R.),  Imperial  Brown  of  Brixton,  6/ 
Watson  (H.  B.  Marriott),  A  Poppy  Show,  6/.    Contains  8 

sketches. 
World's  Awakening,    by   Navarchus,  6/.      A   forecast   of 

national   events  in  1920,  showing  a  Labour  Party  in 

power,  a  worldwide  war,  and  a  great  alliance  of  the 

Anglo-Saxon  race. 


Qeneral  Literature, 


Balfour  (Rt.  Hon.  A.  J.),  Decadence,  1/6  net.    The  Henry 

Sidgwick  Memorial  Lecture,  delivered   at  Newnham 

College  on  January  25. 
Ball  (M.),  Sir  Walter  Scott  as  a  Critic  of  Literature,  1  dol. 

net.      One   of   the   Columbia    University   Studies   in 

English. 
Beauclerk  (C.  W.  W.  D.),  A  National  Army,  1/ 
Dadelszen  (E.  J.  von),  The  New  Zealand  Official  Year-Book, 

1907. 
Drake  (E.  T.),  Victorian  Year-Book,  1906-7. 
Gordon  (Lady),  Unforegone  Conclusions,  6/.    Twenty-seven 

essays  reprinted  from  The  Ladies'  Field. 
Journal  of  the  Gypsy  Lore  Society,  January. 
Municipal  Year-Book  of  the  United  Kingdom  for  1908,  7/6 

People's  Library :  Ainsworth's  Tower  of  London  ;  Jane 
Austen's  Pride  and  Prejudice  ;  Borrow's  Bible  in  Spain  ; 
Cooper's  Last  of  the  Mohicans  ;  l)e  Quincey's  Opium- 
Bator  and  other  Writings ;  George  Eliot's  Silas  Marner ; 
Mrs.  Gaskell's  Cranford  ;  Longfellow's  Poems  ;'Lytton's 
Last  Days  of  Pompeii  ;  Thackeray's  History  of  Henry 
Esmond,  cloth,  8tf.  net.  each  ;  leather,  1/6  net.  each. 

Sarmento  (General  J.  E.  de  Moraes),  The  Anglo-Portuguese 
Alliance  and  Coast  Defence,  5/  net.  Translated  by 
Capt.  A.  F.  distance. 

Treasury  of  English  Literature,  Parts  I.  and  II.,  1/  net 
each.  Selected,  with  translations  and  glossaries,  by 
Kate  M.  Warren,  and  a  general  Introduction  by  Step- 
ford  A.  Brooke.  New  Edition.  For  notice  of  previous 
issue  see  Athen.,  Dec.  29,  1906,  p.  826. 

Watson  (E.  EL  La  con),  Benedictine,  1/  net.  Sketches  of 
married  life.     New  Edition. 

Watson  (Rev.  J.  B.  SA  Formation  of  Character.  1/6  net. 
With  Preface  by  the  Rev.  G.  P.  Merrick,  and  a  Fore- 
word on  Industry  by  Andrew  Whitlie. 


Pamphlets. 
Ali   (Mohamed),   Thoughts    on   the   Present    Discontent, 

8  annas.     Reprinted  from  The  Tunes  of  India  and  The 

Indian  Spectator. 
Board  of  Agriculture  and  Fisheries  Leaflets  :  195,  American 

Gooseberry  Mildew  ;   199,  A  Pine  Disease ;    202,   The 

Frit  Fly. 
Handbook  to  the  Vivaria  and  Freshwater  Aquaria  in  the 

Horniman   Museum,  Forest   Hill,   S.E.,   Id.     Second 

Edition. 
Jannaway  (F.  G.),   A  Godless  Socialism  ;  or,  the  Hanging 

of  Haman  with  his  own  Rope,  3d.  A  criticism  of  Robert 

Blatchford  concerning  'God  and  my  Neighbour'  and 

'  Britain  for  the  British.' 
Mellone  (S.  H.),  Unitarianism  and  "the  New  Theology," 

Id. 
Parker  (T),  The  Transient  and  Permanent  in  Christianity, 

Id.    No.  59  of  Unitarian  Tracts. 

FOREIGN. 

Fine  Art.  and  Archceology. 
Poete  (M.),  L'Enfance  de  Paris,  3fr.  50. 
Szentklaray  (J.),  Brocky  Karoly,  1  korona.    A  short  sketch 
of  the  printer,  written  to  commemorate  the  centenary 
of  his  birth. 
Vita  d'Arte,  Febbraio,  31. 

Poetry. 
Dimoff  (P.),  GJuvres  completes  de  Andre  Ch^nier  Buco- 

liqnes,  3fr.  50. 
Pellissier  (G.).  Anthologie  des  PoHes  francais  du  XIX. 
Siecle  (1800-66),  3fr.  50. 

History  and  Biography. 

Besta  (E.),  La  Sardegna  medioevale  :  Le  Vicende  politiche 

dal  450  al  1326,  151 
Brice  (Dr.),  et  Bottet  (Cap.),  Le  Corps  de  Sant£  militaire 

en  France :  son  Evolution,  ses  Campagnes,  1708-1882, 

25fr.     A  limited  issue. 
Historiske  Samlinger,  Andet  Bind,  Tredie  Hefte. 
Reinach-Foussemagne  (Comtesse  H.  de),  La  Marquise  de 

Lage  de  Volude,  1764-1842,  7  fr.  50. 
Xenopol  (A.  D.),  La  The'orie  de  l'Histoire :  Les  Principes 

fondamentaux  de  l'Histoire.    Second  Edition. 
Science. 
Burnet  (E\),  La  Lutte  contre  les  Microbes,  3fr.  50. 
Manville  (O.),  Les  Decouvertes  modernes  en  Physique,  5fr. 

Fiction. 
Bargy  (H.),  France  d'Exil,  Sfr.  50. 

Kistemaeckers  (H.),  Monsieur  Dupont,  Chauffeur,  3fr.  50. 
Tinseau  (L.  de),  Le  Port  d'Attache,  3fr.  50. 

General  Literature. 
Russier(H.),  Le  Partage  de  l'Oceanie,  7fr.  50. 

Pamphlet. 
Loewenthal  (E.),  Neues  System  der  Soziologie. 

*»*  All  Books  received  at  the  Office  up  to  Wednesday 
Morning  will  be  included  in  this  List  unless  previously 
noted..  Publishers  are  requested  to  state  prices  when 
sending  Books. 


Mr.  J.  Ellis  Barker,  the  author  of 
'  Modern  Germany,'  will  publish  imme- 
diately through  Messrs.  Smith  &  Elder 
a  work  entitled  '  British  Socialism  :  an 
Examination  of  its  Doctrines,  Aims,  and 
Practical  Proposals.'  Mr.  Barker  claims 
that  this  is  the  first  book  to  examine 
fully  the  entire  party  literature  of  Social- 
ism, and  to  sum  up  and  reply  to  the* 
Socialistic  propaganda.  He  quotes  be- 
tween 400  and  500  books  and  pamphlets. 

Prof.  A.  J.  Church  will  publish  at 
an  early  date  with  the  same  firm 
his  autobiography,  under  the  title 
'  Memories  of  Men  and  Books.'  For 
more  than  forty  years  associated  with 
The  Spectator  and  R.  H.  Hut  ton,  he  was 
curate  to  F.  D.  Maurice  for  seven  years, 
and  is  known  as  a  translator  of  Tacitus  > 
and  the  writer  of  '  Stories  from  Homer  '  :  " 
indeed,  he  has  written  no  fewer  than 
seventy  books. 

In  the  March  number  of  The  Inter- 
national first  place  will  be  given  to  an 
essay  by  Maxim  Gorky,  '  Concerning 
Cynicism.'  Further,  Mr.  W.  T.  Stead 
w'ill  champion  '  The  British  Sunday  '  ; 
Dr.  Hasse,  of  Berlin,  will  throw  light  on 
the  Prussian  scheme  for  the  colonization 
of  Poland  by  Germans  ;  while  '  The 
Future  of  the  Religious  Temperament ' 
will  hi'  disoussed  by  M.  Emile  Boutroux. 


X 


190 


THE     ATHENAEUM 


No.  4190,  Feb.  15,  1908 


An  article  by  Heir  Arno  Reutsch  on 
the  able  German  artist  who  is  best 
known  as  "  Fidus,"  will  be  illustrated 
by  some  characteristic  examples.  In  his 
monthly  editorial  article  Dr.  Rodolphe 
Broda  reviews  '  The  Progress  of  the 
World's  Religions,'  and  attempts  to  fore- 
shadow their  future  development.  Among 
the  short  reports  from  various  countries 
are  many  notes  on  religious  progress. 

Mr.  John  Long  has  in  preparation 
Maxwell  Gray's  new  novel  entitled  '  The 
Suspicions  of  Ermengarde.'  It  is  the 
history  of  an  untravefied  traveller,  on  a 
winter  holiday  at  some  of  the  health- 
resorts  in  the  Western  Riviera.  It  is 
written  in  light  comedy  vein,  and  all 
entanglements  and  intrigues  are  happily 
cleared  up  in  the  end. 

In  Chambers's  Journal  for  March  Mr. 
R.  C.  Lehmann  furnishes  a  tenth  instal- 
ment of  '  Memories  of  Half  a  Century  ' 
with  a  sheaf  of  his  mother's  letters  written 
from  Biarritz  and  St.  Jean  de  Luz.  Mr. 
S.  Reynolds-Ball  writes  upon  '  The  New 
Riviera.'  '  The  Limitations  of  a  Monarchy,' 
by  Mr.  Henry  Leach,  has  been  suggested 
by  Queen  Victoria's  letters,  and  '  Letters 
of  a  Beloved  Physician '  by  Dr.  John 
Brown.  '  A  City  of  Ethiopia  '  gives  a 
picturesque  account  of  a  journey  to 
Harar  ;  Dr.  Andrew  Wilson  has  '  A  Chat 
about  Dreams  '  ;  and  Mr.  Hugh  Childers 
retells  the  strange  story  of  '  The  Thellusson 
Will.' 

Messrs.  Methuen  &  Co.,  who  are 
paying  special  attention  to  history  and 
biography,  will  publish  during  the  year 
'  The  Women  Bonapartes,'  by  Mr.  H. 
Noel  Williams,  2  vols.,  '  The  Men  Bona- 
partes,' by  Mr.  A.  H.  Atteridge ;  and 
'  Philip  and  Two  English  Queens,'  by 
Major  Martin  Hume,  a  book  which  will 
include  much  new  information  concerning 
the  life  of  Philip  II.  in  England.  All  these 
volumes  will  be  liberally  illustrated. 

The  second  volume  of  Dr.  Copinger's 
'History  of  the  Manors  of  Suffolk,' 
dealing  with  the  manors  in  the  Hundreds 
of  Blything  and  Bosmere  and  Claydon, 
will  probably  be  sent  to  press  within  the 
next  few  days.  The  illustrations  are  well 
in  hand.  Of  this  volume  150  copies  only 
will  be  printed,  and  92  sets  of  this  and  the 
remaining  five  volumes  have  already 
been  subscribed  for. 

A  new  volume  of  short  stories  by  Miss 
E.  Mary  Dixon,  entitled  '  The  Soldiers  of 
the  Queen,  and  other  Tales,'  is  announced 
by  Mr.  Elliot  Stock  as  shortly  to 
appear.  The  same  firm  will  publish  a 
new  novel  by  Miss  Ada  T.  Browning, 
under  the  title  '  At  the  Eleventh  Hour.' 

We  receive  the  following  request  from 
New  York  : — 

"  The  literary  executors  of  the  late  Ed- 
mund Clarence  Stedman,  having  in  view  the 
preparation  of  a  memoir  of  him,  will  be 
grateful  for  the  loan  of  such  of  his  letters 
as  may  have  been  written  away  from  Mr. 
Stedman' s  homes  in  New  York  or  Bronx- 
ville,  or  may  appear  not  to  have  been  copied 
by  him — particularly  such  as  may  contain 
passages  of  general  interest.     If  the  holders 


of  such  letters  will  kindly  send  thorn  to  the 
poet's  granddaughter,  Miss  Laura  W.  Sted- 
man, 2643,  Broadway,  New  York  City, 
[J.S.A.,  who  is  one  of  his  executors,  prompt 
acknowledgment  will  be  made,  and  the 
letters  will  be  returned  as  soon  as  they  can 
bo  copied." 

George  Meredith,  on  the  occasion  of 
his  eightieth  birthday  (Wednesday  last), 
was  presented  by  some  of  his  friends  and 
admirers  with  an  address  mounted  on 
vellum  and  bound  in  morocco.  The 
address,  which  contains  a  large  and 
representative  body  of  signatures,  includes 
the  following  words  : — 

"  We  desire  on  our  own  behalf  to  thank 
you  for  the  splendid  work  in  prose  and 
poetry  that  we  owe  to  your  pen — to  say 
how  much  we  rejoice  in  the  growing  recog- 
nition of  this  work — and  to  thank  you  for 
the  example  you  have  set  to  the  world  of 
lofty  ideals  embodied  not  only  in  books, 
but  in  life." 

Upon  the  vellum  are  inscribed  the  names 
of  four  of  Mr.  Meredith's  old  friends  and 
literary  colleagues — Mr.  Swinburne,  Mr. 
Thomas  Hardy,  Mr.  John  Morley,  and 
Mr.  Frederick  Greenwood.  From  the 
United  States  came  an  additional  address, 
written  by  that  veteran  in  literary 
communion  with  England,  Prof.  Charles 
Eliot  Norton. 

The  celebration  is  of  special  interest 
to  us,  as  we  were  among  the  first  to 
recognize  the  genius  of  the  great  writer, 
the  year  of  whose  birth,  by  the  by,  was 
that  of  our  first  appearance. 

Among  the  fifty  new  volumes  of  the 
"  Everyman  Library  "  to  be  published 
shortly  by  Messrs.  Dent  are  Lewes's  '  Life 
of  Goethe,'  Voltaire's  'Life of  Charles  XII.,' 
Defoe's  '  Memoirs  of  a  Cavalier '  and 
'  Journal  of  the  Plague  Year,'  new  volumes 
of  Dickens,  Balzac,  and  Charlotte  Bronte, 
Melville's  '  Omoo,'  '  Lorna  Doone,'  Pres- 
cott's  '  Conquest  of  Peru,'  and  two  volumes 
of  Tacitus. 

Messrs.  A.  R.  Mowbray  &  Co.  an- 
nounce, in  a  new  series  of  "  Handbooks 
of  English  Church  Expansion,"  edited 
by  Canon  Dodson  and  Canon  Bullock- 
Webster,  '  Japan,'  by  Mrs.  Edward 
Bickersteth ;  '  Western  Canada,'  by 
Canon  Norman  Tucker  ;  and  '  China,'  by 
the  Rev.  F.  L.  Norris. 

Messrs.  Seeley  &  Co.  will  publish 
this  spring  a  translation  by  Prof.  A.  H. 
Keane  of  the  '  Volkerkunde '  of  Dr.  Leo 
Frobenius,  an  interesting  book  on  the  life, 
customs,  and  thoughts  of  primitive  man. 
The  English  rendering  will  be  entitled 
'  The  Childhood  of  Man,'  and  will  contain 
over  400  pictures  drawn  from  authentic 
sources. 

Messrs.  Siegle,  Hill  &  Co.  are 
issuing  shortly  a  book  on  the  American 
Civil  War,  by  General  E.  P.  Alexander, 
Chief  of  Artillery,  Longstreet's  Corps, 
and  '  The  Marriage  of  Loti,'  the  first 
volume  in  a  new  series  entitled  "  The 
Langham  Translations." 

Mrs.  Dearmer's  new  novel  '  The  Alien 
Sisters,'  which  will  be  published  by 
Messrs.  Smith  &  Elder  on  March  3rd,  is  a 


story  of  two  girls'  lives  mutually  entangled, 
each  being  profoundly  affected  by  a 
mother's  influence.  Children  of  the  same 
father,  Ruth  the  lawful  heiress  of  a  rich 
squire,  Rose  the  offspring  of  an  unfortunate 
liaison,  they  become  the  meeting  ground 
of  the  forces,  good  and  evil,  that  have 
determined  the  father's  past. 

Mr.  W.  Carew  Hazlitt  would  feel 
greatly  obliged  to  any  one  who  could 
facilitate  his  access,  for  the  purposes  of  a 
privately  printed  book,  to  any  letters  or 
documents  of  or  relative  to  the  Hayslett, 
Haslett,  or  Hazlitt  family  of  Ireland, 
England,  or  America,  from  or  before  1603 
to  last  century,  beyond  such  as  have  been 
already  published  by  him  between  1867 
and  1900.  Mr.  Hazlitt's  address  is 
Winterslow,  Barnes  Common,  S.W. 

The  extensive  library  of  Brunetiere 
was  dispersed  last  week  at  the  Hotel 
Drouot,  Paris,  and  produced  43,531  francs. 
A  large  number  of  the  books  were  ex- 
tensively annotated  by  the  late  owner, 
and  some  of  the  comments  were  of  a 
caustic  character.  The  last  volume  but 
one  of  Renan's  '  Histoire  des  Origines 
du  Christianisme,'  which  is  the  seventh, 
contains  a  note  to  the  effect  that  Brune- 
tiere got  thus  far  on  June  15th,  1905, 
"  non  sans  fatigue."  He  complains  (1) 
of  the  length  of  the  work,  which  needed 
only  three  or  four  volumes  ;  (2)  of  the 
"  prolixite  du  style,"  (3)  of  the  "  monotonie 
de  la  methode,"  (4)  of  the  "  incoherence 
de  la  composition,"  and  (5)  of  the  "  affec- 
tation de  philosophie."  This  copy  of 
Renan's  work  fetched  1,450  francs. 

We  see  that  a  new  French  translation 
with  notes  of  the  dramatic  works  of 
Shakspeare  is  being  published  by  M. 
Ernest  Flammarion  for  M.  Georges  Duval. 

Several  German  authors  and  students 
of  Heine,  including  Ludwig  Fulda  and 
Paul  Lindau,  have  issued  an  appeal  to 
friends  of  German  literature  for  help  in 
securing  for  one  of  the  larger  German 
libraries  the  important  collection  of 
Heine's  letters  and  MSS.  left  by  his 
nephew,  Baron  von  Embden. 

We  have  to  announce  the  death,  at 
the  age  of  fifty-seven,  of  Dr.  Adolf 
Hansen,  a  leading  English  scholar  and 
lecturer  at  Copenhagen  University. 
Among  his  works  are  a  history  of  English 
literature  and  translations  of  '  Childe 
Harold  '  and  the  Sonnets  of  Shakspeare. 

The  Maharajah  of  Durbungah,  the 
premier  Indian  magnate  of  Bengal,  cele- 
brated his  birthday  recently  by  making 
a  gift  of  two  and  a  half  lakhs  (over 
16,500Z.)  for  the  purpose  of  constructing  a 
library  building  in  connexion  with  Cal- 
cutta University. 

Recent  Parliamentary  Papers  of  some 
interest  are  Statistics  of  Public  Education 
in  England  and  Wales,  1905-6-7  {2s.) ; 
Minute  of  the  Council  of  Education  in 
Scotland  providing  for  Special  Grants  in 
aid  of  certain  School  Boards  in  Scotland 
{\d.)\  and  one  paper  referred  to  under 
Science  Gossip. 


No.  4190,  Feb.  15,  1908 


THE     ATHEN^UM 


197 


SCIENCE 


OUR    LIBRARY    TABLE. 

Some  Nature  Biographies  :  Plant,  Insect, 
Marine,  Mineral,  by  John  J.  Ward  (John 
Lane),  consists  of  a  number  of  interesting 
essays  on  natural  history,  which,  if  not 
original  in  matter,  are  at  least  sound 
in  treatment  thus  comparing  favourably 
with  some  of  the  numerous  publications 
on  kindred  topics.  Many  of  Mr.  Ward's 
essays  relate  to  the  life-histories  of  insects, 
and  these,  though  constituting  an  oft-told 
tale,  are  rendered  novel  and  convincing 
by  a  wealth  of  illustration.  One  is  devoted 
to  '  The  Story  of  a  Piece  of  Coal,'  a  title 
somewhat  unfortunately  recalling  Huxley's 
brilliant  lecture  '  On  a  Piece  of  Chalk,' 
Mr.  Ward  is  careful,  sound,  and  sober  in 
style  ;  he  is  never  brilliant,  and  the  neces- 
sarily short  treatment  of  our  coal-measures 
possesses    little    literary    warmth,    and    the 

fossil  sunshine  of  the  Carboniferous  period  " 
scarcely  illumines  the  text.  There  was 
a  time  when  this  criticism  would  have 
been  beyond  the  point ;  we  can  recall  the 
days  when  such  information  was  neither 
garnered  nor  popularly  distributed  ;  but 
now,  when  the  facts  are  generally  known, 
their  repetition  demands  some  literary 
charm,  some  winged  words  to  impress, 
some  apt  sentence  to  condense  a  narrative 
which  is  not  novel.  It  is  difficult  to  read 
book  after  book  in  which  Nature's  story 
is  told  with  all  the  respectability  of  con- 
scientious compilation  ;  we  want  the  free- 
dom of  the  master,  the  bold  generalization 
which  promotes  thought,  if  not  acceptance, 
the  theory  which  is  not  a  guess,  and  the 
guess  which  is  not  propounded  as  a  theory. 
A.  higher  standard  must  be  claimed  from 
the  army  of  writers  on  natural  subjects. 
Let  science  be  popularized  by  all  means, 
but  if  the  process  is  to  escape  the  level  of 
a  parochial  lecture,  it  must  be  done  by  one 
who  knows  and  by  one  who  can  wield  a  pen. 
Original  science  is  necessarily  severe  in 
style :  it  is  conceived  by  severe  method 
and  addressed  to  a  severe  audience  ;  but 
let  the  retailers  be  only  they  who  can  present 
it  with  the  ease  and  joy  of  those  who  have 
mastered  and  assimilated  the  teaching, 
and  possess  the  words  to  convey  it  to  the 
uninitiated  ;  let  us  subject  to  some  control 
the  writers  of  popular  scientific  books. 

We  trust  that  Mr.  Ward  will  not  take 
these  remarks  as  primarily  referring  to  his 
volume,  winch  is  one  of  the  best  of  its  class 
that  can  be  put  into  the  hands  of  any  boy 
or  girl  who  loves  Nature  and  seeks  to  be 
told  more  about  her.  The  illustrations  are 
full,  and  are  reproduced  from  photographs 
and  photo-micrographs  taken  by  the  author  ; 
while  those  of  the  same  landscape  in  each 
of  the  twelve  months  of  the  year  present 
a  somewhat  novel  feature,  and  one  that 
may  well  be  followed. 

The  Story  of  Insect  Life.  By  W.  Percival 
Westell.  (Culley.) — Mr.  Westell  is  an  in- 
dustrious writer  of  books  on  natural  history, 
and  as  he  makes  no  pretence  to  being  an 
entomologist,  the  pages  of  his  present  work 
reveal  a  large,  but  not  very  varied  compila- 
tion. The  bibliography  to  which  he  refers 
in  his  Preface  is  scanty,  and  in  most  cases 
of  a  popular  character  ;  the  volume  therefore 
can  in  no  sense  be  considered  as  a  contribu- 
tion to  entomological  literature.  As  a 
popular  book  for  young  people  who  really 
want  first-hand  information  on  the  subject 
we  should  hesitate  to  recommend  it  ;  but 
the  beauty  of  its  illustrations,  many  of 
which  are  charming  photographs  of  rural 
scenery,    makes    it    a    volume    which    may 


suitably  be  used  as  a  prize-book  in  ele- 
mentary schools.  It  is  difficult  to  under- 
stand the  demand  for  such  books  ;  insects 
and  birds  seem  to  provide  a  constant  subject 
for  compilers  and  sanguine  publishers,  to 
the  detriment  of  a  number  of  excellent 
works  already  published,  which  are  thus 
frequently  neglected  by  young  naturalists. 

The  philosophical  and  biological  teaching 
of  Mr.  Westell  is  to  be  appiaised  by  his 
writing  on  the  "  reason  for  colour  and  form 
in  flowers,"  which  he  values,  firstly,  as 
"  undoubtedly  placed  upon  this  earth  by 
our  beneficent  Creator  to  please  the  eye  of 
those  of  us  who  can  see  beauty  in  these 
floral  treasures."  This  is  bad  theology 
and  the  negation  of  science,  while  even  the 
old  teleologists  would  have  expressed  the 
idea  in  more  cautious  and  happier  words. 

My  Rock-Garden.  By  Reginald  Farrer. 
(Arnold.) — Of  common  mistakes  made  in 
gardening,  some  of  the  most  flagrant  have 
been  committed  in  respect  to  the  rock- 
garden.  The  author  of  the  book  under 
notice  has  therefore  properly  devoted  the 
first  chapter  to  the  important  questions  of 
where,  and  how,  to  form  the  rock-work 
itself.  He  pictures  the  ideal  garden  for 
the  culture  of  Alpine  plants,  its  proper 
position,  aspect,  and  the  kind  of  material 
of  which  it  can  best  be  made.  He  says  : 
"  The  garden  proper  as  seen  from  the  house 
is  part  of  the  house  neither  more  nor  less 
than  the  frame  is  part  of  the  picture." 
This  being  generally  accepted  as  the  correct 
view,  it  follows  that  the  rock-garden  should 
be  constructed  outside  this  area. 

After  discussing  the  merits  and  demerits 
of  extreme  formalism  on  the  one  hand, 
and  the  total  absence  of  any  properly  con- 
ceived plan  on  the  other,  he  declares  that 
if  the  rock-garden  is  to  be  a  success  it  must 
have  a  plan.  But  there  are  three  prevailing 
plans,  of  none  of  which  the  author  can 
approve.  The  first  is  what  he  describes 
as  the  "  Almond-Pudding  Scheme,"  formed 
on  a  round  bed  piled  with  soil,  with  "  some 
of  the  spikiest  pinnacles  of  limestone  that 
can  be  found  inserted  thickly  with  their 
points  in  the  air,  until  the  general  effect 
is  that  of.  a  tipsy-cake  stuck  with  almonds." 
The  second  style  is  that  of  the  "  Dog's 
Grave,"  in  which  the  stones  are  laid  flat. 
The  third  is  described  as  the  "  Devil's  Lap- 
ful,"  and  is  said  to  have  prevailed  largely 
when  alpine  plants  first  began  to  be  grown 
out  of  doors  ;  we  read  with  mixed  feelings 
that  "  the  finest  specimens  of  this  style  are 
to  be  found  at  Glasnevin,  and  Edinburgh 
[Botanic  Gardens]."  This  plan  is  described 
as  simplicity  itself  : — 

"  You  take  a  hundred  or  a  thousand  cartloads  of 
bold,  square-faced  boulders.  You  next  drop  them 
all  about,  absolutely  anyhow  ;  and  you  then  put 
things  amongst  them." 

We  can  hardly  accept  this  as  a  fair  descrip- 
tion of  the  interesting  and  showy  rock- 
garden  at  Edinburgh.  The  Kew  authorities 
will  be  happy  to  know  that  the  author, 
in  proceeding  to  discuss  the  rules  that 
govern  the  ideal  rockery,  states  that  "  Kew 
offers  every  one  a  model  which  it  would  be 
impertinent  to  praise."  He  recognizes, 
however,  that  although  one  may  describe 
the  ideal  rockery,  few  can  make  it,  being 
prevented  by  limitations  of  site,  position, 
and  capacity  for  obtaining  the  best  material. 
Therefore  it  is  that  the  author's  two  rockeries 
— one  old,  and  the  other  new — fail  in  ful- 
filling the  specified  conditions. 

In  the  description  of  suitable  plants  for 
the  rock-garden  in  chap.  ii.  all  double 
flowers  are  condemned,  with  the  one  excep- 
tion of  the  orange-coloured  Welsh  poppy 
(Meconopsis  cambrica  fl.pl.),  and  all  annuals. 


In  the  same  chapter  the  merits  and  pecu- 
liarities of  some  of  the  best  of  the  English 
alpine  plants  are  related  in  a  style  as  vigorous 
as  it  is  unconventional.  Thus,  in  respect 
to  Cypripedium  calceolus  and  some  other 
rare  plants  that  have  been  almost  extir- 
pated in  the  Arncliffe  Valley  north  of 
Skipton,  appears  the  following  declamation  : 
"  Accursed  for  evermore  into  the  lowest 
of  the  eight  Hot  Hells  be  all  reckless  up- 
rooters  of  rarities,  from  Professors  down- 
wards." The  hints  which  are  given  of  such 
plants  as  Actaea,  Potentilla  verna,  Geranium 
sanguineum,  Cypripedium  calceolus,  and 
Primula  farinosa  are  interesting,  and  the 
cultural  directions  equally  valuable. 

Having  disposed  of  the  English  alpine 
plants,  the  author  deals  with  the  exotic 
species  in  order  agreeing  with  the  botanical 
classification,  beginning  therefore  with 
Ranunculaceae.  Chap.  iv.  is  concerned 
exclusively  with  anemones,  and  chap.  v. 
with  '  Papaveracese,  Crucifera?,  and  Dian- 
thus,'  a  somewhat  "  mixed "  title.  The 
writer's  familiarity  with  his  plants  is  obvious 
on  every  page,  but  we  confess  to  feeling 
some  degree  of  irritation  at  his  frequent 
reference  to  this  species  as  "  he  "  and  that 
as  "  she."  On  pp.  65  and  66,  when  writing 
of  Petrocallis  pyrenaica,  he  refers  to   "  the 

brilliancy    of    his    flowers and    concise 

sturdiness  of  its  growth."  On  p.  75  the 
practice  of  artificial  wall-gardening  is  un- 
necessarily condemned  as  "  a  discord,  natur- 
ally and  invariably,"  and  "  a  toppling 
'  dyke  '  altogether  slipshod  and  undignified." 
Chaps,  vi.  and  vii.  are  devoted  exclusively 
to  the  saxifrages,  which  are  referred  to  in 
great  detail,  and  the  particulars  of  the 
habits  of  the  different  varieties  and  the 
cultivation  thev  require  will  well  repay 
careful  study,  although  we  cannot  always 
agree  with  the  author's  unrestrained  appre- 
ciation of  some  species  and  absolute  rejection 
of  others. 

Chap.  ix.  begins  thus  : — 

"Over  the  Sedums  I  will  not  linger,  for  I  don't 
like  them  ;  over  the  delightful  Sempervivums  I 
dare  not  linger,  for  I  like  them  too  well. 
Therefore  he  passes  to  the  epilobiums,  and 
describes  E.  hectori  and  E.  glabellum  as 
two  of  the  most  awful  little  ramping  weed* 
ever  invented  ;  but  of  E.  Dodona:i  he  writes  : 

"He  is  my  favourite  of  the  whole  race,  and  I 
think  him  a  particularly  charming,  useful  little 
plant  who  is  certain  never  to  make  a  nuisance  ot 
himself  or  die  off,  or  do  anything  tiresome." 
But  of  the  edelweiss  (Leontopodium  alpinum) 
—a  species  which  most  people  prize,  and 
not  without  reason— the  author  has  nothing 
good  to  relate  : — 

"  There  is  no  sort  of  horticultural  merit  in  grow- 
ing the  Edelweiss The  thing  is  a  pretender  all 

round,  his  flowers  are  a  bundle  of  leaves  gone  mad 
...  A  flannelette  fraud  composed  entirely  of  decep- 
tion, without  and  within,  a  bunch  of  whitened 
leaves  masquerading  as  a  blossom  and  an  easygoing 
sand-loving  parvenu  from  the  deserts.     fee. 

The  campanulas  form  the  subject  of 
chaps,  x.  and  xi.,  and  the  primulas  of 
chap.  xii.  Speaking  of  primulas,  the  author 
refers  contemptuously  to  some  recently 
introduced  species  from  China  which,  to 
say  the  least,  may  yet  prove  to  possess 
much  value  :  — 

"  Vcitch  has  some  rather  uninteresting  species 
Veitohii,    vittata,  reflexa,  poorisfa    oapitatas,  and 
Sieboldis,  and  a  hideous  black-brown  one  called,   1 
think,  tangutioa." 

Androcaees,  gentianas.  and  l  Some  Isolated 
Treasures  '  are  dealt  with  in  the  three  follow- 
ing chapters;  and  then  occurs  one  of  the 
most  interesting  portions  of  the  book,  it 
describes  the  author's  quest  after  hrxtri- 
chium  nanum  in  its  native  habitat,  and 
his    experiences    in    making    the    ascent    to 


198 


THE     ATHENJEUM 


No.  4190,  Feb.  15,  1908 


the  summit  of  the  Meiden  Past,  where  ho 

found  a  brilliant  colony  of  this  species. 
The  tiny  leaves  and  surpassingly  beautiful 
blue  flowers  are  coveted  by  every  "  rock- 
gardener."  We  read  with  great  interest 
all  that  Mr.  Farrer  lias  to  say  respecting 
attempts  at  its  cultivation  ;  but  there  is 
little  success  to  be  hoped  for,  and  it  is  perhaps 
better  to  raise  plants  from  seeds  each  spring 
than  rely  upon  keeping  them  tlirough  the 
winter. 

In  the  few  remaining  pages  the  author 
treats  of  pentstemons,  irises,  tulips,  orchids, 
and  miscellaneous  species.  The  work  con- 
tains 16  full-page,  half-tone  illustrations, 
and,  notwithstanding  blemishes  of  style, 
is  one  of  the  most  interesting  and  vigorous 
on  this  subject  that  have  been  published 
for  some  time  past.  It  is  not,  however, 
exhaustive,  the  author  having  preferred 
to  deal  with  a  selection  of  plants  thoroughly 
rather  than  give  a  briefer  survey  of  a 
greater  number  of  species. 


SOCIETIES. 


Linnean.—  Feb.  6.— Dr.  A.  B.  Rendle,  V.P.,  in 
the  chair.— Mr.  W.  Barratt  and  Mr.  A.  W.  Hill 
were  admitted  Fellows.— Mr.  E.  C.  S.  Baker, 
Mr.  E.  A.  Cockayne,  Miss  E.  Crocker,  and  Mr.  P.  L. 
de  Vilmorin  were  elected  Fellows. — Mr.  Horace 
W.  Monckton  exhibited  specimens  and  lantern- 
slides  of  leaf-impressions  from  the  Reading  Beds, 
on  behalf  of  himself  and  Mr.  0.  A.  Shrubsole. — 
A  discussion  followed,  in  which  Mr.  E.  T.  Newton 
(visitor),  Mr.  Clement  Reid,  Dr.  D.  H.  Scott,  and 
the  Chairman  engaged. — The  first  paper  was  by 
Mr.  Reid,  on  '  Fruits  and  Seeds  from  the 
Pre-Glaeial  Beds  of  Britain  and  the  Netherlands,' 
especially  on  the  Pakefield  specimens  from  the 
neighbourhood  of  Lowestoft  (Cromer  Forest-Bed), 
and  from  Tegelen,  near  Venloo,  in  the  province  of 
Limburg,  Netherlands. — An  animated  discussion 
followed,  the  participants  being  Mr.  A.  P.  Young, 
Mr.  J.  Groves,  Prof.  F.  W.  Oliver,  Mr.  A.  0. 
Walker,  M.  Marcel  Allorge,  Mr.  E.  T.  Newton, 
Dr.  J.  J.  H.  Teall  (the  last  three  being  visitors), 
and  Mr.  H.  W.  Monckton. — The  second  paper,  by 
Mrs.  Eleanor  Mary  Reid,  explained  the  good 
results  obtained  from  the  use  of  large  quantities 
of  commercial  concentrated  soda  carbonate  when 
boiling  refractory  deposits. — The  Rev.  T.  R.  R. 
Stebbing  and  Mr.  Reid  discussed  a  few  points  of 
interest. — The  next  paper,  by  Mr.  S.  T.  Dunn,  on 
'A  Botanical  Expedition  to  Central  Fokien,'  was 
briefly  laid  before  the  meeting  by  the  General 
Secretary. — The  last  paper  was  read  in  title : 
'  Some  New  Alcyonaria  from  the  Indian  and 
Pacific  Oceans:  Preliminary  Notice,'  by  Ruth  M. 
Harrison. 

Philological.—  Feb.  7.— Mr.  H.  R.  Nesbitt, 
Treasurer,  in  the  chair. — Mr.  T.  C.  Hodson  read  a 
paper  which  he  called  '  Gleanings  from  an  Ethno- 
logical Notebook.'  The  province  of  Assam  con- 
tains speakers  of  Indo-Aryan  and  Indo-Chinese 
languages.  Neglecting  the  former  group,  the  paper 
dealt  mainty  with  linguistic  data  collected  by  the 
reader  while  a  member  of  the  Indian  Civil  Service, 
and  began  with  a  series  of  notes  indicating 
features  of  interest,  linguistic  and  ethnological, 
among  (a)  the  Khasis,  who  speak  a  Mon-Khmer 
language  ;  (b)  the  Tai  or  Shans  (Shan  languages) ; 
and  (c)  the  Meitheis,  Kukis,  Nagas,  and  Lusheis, 
who  speak  Tibeto-Burman  languages.  Analysis  of 
various  roots  shows  the  history  of  the  tabu  idea, 
which  in  one  part  of  this  area  has  solidified  into  a 
notable  system  of  ritual.  The  reader  connected 
the  tabu  idea  with  the  belief  in  dreams  and 
chiromancy.  He  then  indicated  how  linguistic 
differentia  may  be  utilized  for  classificatory 
purposes,  and  he  compared  the  results  of  the 
Linguistic  Survey  with  those  obtained  by  the 
ethnological  investigations  he  had  conducted.  The 
amorphism  which  in  his  view  characterizes  the 
languages  of  the  Tibeto-Burman  group  has  an 
organic  relation  with  the  religious  beliefs  (animism) 
of  the  people,  and  with  their  material  culture. 
Their  diversity  was  shown  to  possess  a  real  unity  ; 
and  as  glimpses  into  their  minds  happen  to  be 
revealed,  a  picture  is  afforded  of  man  in  the  making, 


\\  herein  one  may  witness  the  forces  of  variation, 
experimentation,  and  selection  in  full  activity. — In 
the  discussion  which  followed  the  paper  Sir  Charles 
Lyall,  Mr.  Tabor,  Mr.  Dickson-Brown,  the  Chair- 
man, the  Secretary,  and  others  took  part. 


Institution  of  Civil  Engineers. — Feb.  4. — 
Sir  William  Matthews,  President,  in  the  chair.  — 
It  was  announced  that  38  candidates  had  been 
admitted  as  Students. — The  monthly  ballot  resulted 
in  the  election  of  3  Members,  43  Associate  Members, 
and  4  Associates. 


Aristotelian.  —  Feb.  3.  —  Dr.  Shadworth  H. 
Hodgson,  V.P.,  in  the  chair. — Dr.  A.  Caldecott 
read  a  paper  upon  the  psychology  of  the  emotions. 
The  inquiry  was  an  inductive  study  of  a  small 
group  of  thirty-  four  eighteenth  -  century  auto- 
biographies by  some  of  Wesley's  early  Methodist 
preachers.  They  were  chosen  because  of  their 
capacity  for  self-observation,  and  because  of  the 
comparative  ease  with  which  their  environment  can 
be  reconstructed  ;  and  also  because  the  religious 
emotion  or  sentiment  which  they  describe  is  of  a 
well-marked  character.  The  sentiment  appeared  in 
these  cases  to  consist  of  a  central  emotion,  begin- 
ning in  nearly  all  cases  with  a  distress  which 
obtained  relief  after  conflicts  varying  in  length  and 
severity,  and  terminating  in  a  sense  of  satisfaction 
which  became  a  dominant  influence  in  their  minds. 
The  operation  of  this  central  feeling  in  inhibiting 
opposing  inclinations  and  desires  was  described  ; 
and  the  gradual  building-up  of  a  complex  senti- 
ment by  means  of  congenial  emotions,  e.g. ,  joy, 
gratitude,  social  regard,  was  traced.  The  influence 
extended  to  the  operations  of  intellect  and  will, 
and  a  general  harmony  of  character  was  secured. 
But  in  twenty  of  the  cases  the  establishment  of 
the  sentiment  was  not  secured  xintil  a  course  of 
vicissitudes  had  been  passed  through.  Some  of 
these  were  very  severe,  lasting  for  several  years  ; 
they  seemed  to  be  due  to  the  emotions  themselves, 
as  only  six  recorded  any  change  in  the  objects 
of  belief  during  their  dark  periods.  The  difficulty 
of  securing  a  hold  seemed  in  some  cases  to  be 
due  to  the  failure  to  build  up  the  complex 
sentiment  quickly,  in  others  to  some  decline 
of  power  in  the  central  feeling  itself. 
The  presence  of  a  feeling  of  joy  was  so  constant  in 
these  cases  that  Mr.  Shand's  contention  for  its 
being  indispensable  seemed  to  be  sustained,  and 
the  writer  of  the  paper  connected  it  with  the  law 
of  conservation  operating  between  the  emotions 
and  health — a  law  which  is  often  enunciated,  but 
frequently  questioned.  There  seemed  also  in  the 
vigorous  and  laborious  lives  which  these  men  led 
under  the  influence  of  this  new  emotion  to  be 
evidence  that  increase  of  mental  energy  was  called 
up,  beyond  what  they  would  have  been  able  to 
exercise  without  it.  Attention  was  then  drawn  to 
the  stability  which  was  achieved,  even  in  the 
cases  where  vicissitudes  had  been  marked.  Some 
of  the  men  worked  under  Wesley  for  thirty  or 
forty  years  amidst  much  opposition,  and  all  closed 
their  careers  in  the  enjoyment  of  contemporary 
testimony  to  their  having  attained  high  qualities 
of  character.  As  the  cases  were  nearly  all  drawn 
from  the  mechanic  and  labouring  classes,  with  a 
few  of  the  class  of  small  employers,  the  capacity 
for  the  attainment  of  a  strong  harmonizing  senti- 
ment in  virtually  complete  stability  was  a  fact 
which,  so  far  as  the  few  cases  could  go,  verified 
the  theory  of  the  "  systemic "  character  of  the 
higher  sentiments  which  is  now  being  accepted  by 
psychologists. 


meetings  next  week. 


Mon. 


Royal  Academy,  4.— 'The  Grand  Manner:  Egypt  and  Greece,' 
ftot  R.  T.  Blomfield. 

—  Society  of  Arts,  8.— "The  Theory  and  Practiceof  Clock  Making,' 

Lecture  V.,  Mr.  H.  H.  Cunynghame. 

—  Sociological.  8.—' Aspects  of  the  Social  Movement  in  India,' 

Mr.  S.  K.  Ratcliffe. 
Ties.     Royal   Institution,  3.—'  McmbrnncB  :   their  Structure,  Uses, 
and  Products,'  Lecture  II.,  Prof.  W.  Stirling. 

—  Hellenic  Society,  5.— Papers  hy  Mr.  L.  Dyer  and  Mr.  E.  Norman 

Gardiner  on  the  Qiarpov  at  Olympia. 

—  Statistical,  5.—'  A  Method  of  estimating  Capital  Wealth  from 

the  Estate  Duty  Statistics,'  Mr.  B.  Mallet. 

—  Institution     of    Civil    Engineers,    8.— 'Shaft-Sinking    at    the 

Horden Colliery,  South-East  Durham,'  Mr.  J.  J.  Prest. 

—  Society  of  Arts,  8.—'  Banners  in  Pageantry,'  Mr.  G.  W.  Eve. 

(Applied  Arts  Section.! 

—  Zoological,  8.S0.— 'On  the  Inheritance  of  Colour  in  Domestic 

Pigeons,  with  Special  Reference  to  Reversion,'  Mr.  R. 
Staples-Browne  ;  '  The  Duke  of  Bedford's  Zoological  Explora- 
tion in  Eastern  Asia :  IX.  List  of  Mammals  from  the 
Mongolian  Plateau.' Mr.  Oldfield  Thomas;  '  Descriptions  of 
New  Species  of  Bhopalocera  from  Africa  and  from  New 
Guinea,'  Mr.  G.  T.  Bethune-Bakcr. 


WD,  Meteorological.  7.30—  •  Formation  of  8now  Hollers,'  Mr.  C 
Browett:  'Comparison  of  Ship's  Baron. uter  Headings  with 
those  deduced  from  Land  Observations.'  Mr.  E.  8oU 

—  British  Archieological  Association.  8.— 'John  Hulle.  Merchant 

and  Mayor  of  Salisbury  in  the  Fifteenth  Century.'  Mrs 
Collier. 

—  Folk-lore,  8.—'  The  Morning  Star  Ceremony  of  the  Pownee  ' 

Dr.  A.  C.  Haddon. 

—  Geological.  8.—'  Notes  on  the  Rival  Wey.'  Mr.  H.  Bury. 

—  Microscopical.  8.—'  Eyepieces  for  the  Microscope.'  Mr.  E.  M 

Nelson;  'The  Life-History  of  a  New  Protophyte.'  Rev 
Eustace  Toier;  "On  Dimorphism  in  the  Recent  Foraminifer 
Alveoliiui  IjvhcU,'  Mr.  F.  Chapman. 

—  Society  of  Arts.  8.— 'The  Law  of    Treasure   Trove,"  Mr.    W 

Martin. 
Turns.  Royal  Institution,  3.— 'Wood:    its  Botanical  and  Technical 
Aspects,'  Lecture  I.,  Prof.  W.  Somerville. 

—  Royal    Academy,    4. —  'The   Grand  Manner:   Pergamot  and 

Hellenistic  Art,'  Prof.  R.  T.  Blomfield. 

—  Royal,  4.30. 

—  Institution  of  Electrical  Engineers.  8.— 'Electrical  Power  in 

It.iilway  Ooods  Warehouses,'  Mr.  H.  Henderson  ;  'Electric 
Power  in  Docks,'  Mr.  0.  E   Taylor. 

—  Linnean,  8.—'  Experiments  with  Wild  Species  of  Tuber-bearing 

Solanums,'  Mr.  A.  W.  8utton  ;  'The  Life-IIistorv  and  Larval 
Habits  of  Tiger-BeetleB  ICicindelidiel.'  Dr.  V.  E.  Shelford  ; 
'  On  a  Possible  Case  of  Mimicry  in  the  Common  8ole,'  Dr. 
A.  T.  Masterman. 

—  Chemical,  8.30.— 'The  Action  of  Thionyl  Chloride  and  of  Phos- 

phorus Pentachloride  on  the  Methylene  Ethers  of  Pyroca- 
techol  Derivatives.'  Mr.  G.  Barger  ;  'The  Preparation  of  Con- 
ductivity Water,'  Messrs.  H.  Hartley,  N.  P.  Campbell,  and 
R.  H.  Poole ;  and  other  Papers. 

—  Society  of  Antiquaries,  8.30— 'The  Chronology  of  the  Bronie 

Age  in  Great  Britain  and  Ireland.'  Dr.  Oscar  Montelius. 

—  Historical,  5—  Annual  Meeting  ;  President's  Address. 
Fm.       Geological,  8.— Annual  Meeting. 

—  Institution  of  Civil  Engineers,  8.— 'Currents  as  a  Cause  of 

Coast-Erosion.'  Mr.  G.  O.  Case.    (8tudents'  Meeting  t 

—  Institution  of  Mechanical  Engineers,  8.— 'Tests  of  a  Live  Steam 

Feed-Water  Heater,'  Prof.  J.  Goodman  and  Mr.  D.  B. 
MacLachlan. 

—  Royal  Institution,  9.—'  The  Ether  of  Space,'  8ir  Oliver  Lodge. 
Sat.      Royal  Institution,  3.— 'The  Art  of  Florence,' Lecture  II.,  Mr. 

Selwyn  Brinton. 


%tunct  (gnssip. 

The  death  last  Wednesday  at  Hampstead 
of  Lieut. -General  Sir  Richard  Strachey,  who 
had  reached  the  age  of  ninety-one,  removes 
one  of  the  most  eminent  and  accomplished 
of  Indian  administrators.  His  services  in 
India  began  as  far  back  as  1836  in  the 
Bombay  Engineers.  The  wide  and  success- 
ful extension  of  railways,  canals,  and  irriga- 
tion works  was  chiefly  due  to  his  influence. 
With  his  brother,  Sir  John  Strachey,  who 
died  at  the  end  of  last  year,  he  published 
in  1882  '  Finances  and  Public  Works  of 
India.'  Sir  Richard,  who  was  made  F.R.S. 
as  early  as  1854,  was  a  keen  student  of 
botany,  geology,  and  geography.  He  pub- 
lished '  Lectures '  on  the  last  subject,  and 
several  papers  in  learned  journals.  His 
travels  settled  several  points  of  Indian 
geography,  and  he  was  a  leading  member 
of  the  Royal  Geographical  Society.  He 
organized  the  study  of  meteorology  in  India, 
and  was  Chairman  of  the  Meteorological 
Council  from  1883  to  1905.  He  received 
the  Symons  Medal  for  Meteorology  in  1906 
and  an  honorary  LL.D.  from  Cambridge  in 
1892. 

The  date  of  Prof.  Young's  death  (men- 
tioned in  our  Science  Gossip  last  week) 
was  the  3rd  ult. 

The  Under-Secretaby  for  Scotland 
has  intimated  to  the  Secretary  of  the  Royal 
Scottish  Geographical  Society  that  the 
Society  will  receive  a  grant  of  2007.  a  year 
from  the  Treasury,  beginning  from  the  date 
when  it  vacates  the  quarters  in  the  National 
Portrait  Gallery  which  it  is  proposing  to 
leave. 

The  Annual  Report  on  the  Distribution  of 
Grants  for  Agricultural  Education  and 
Research  in  1906-7,  with  Statements  re- 
specting Colleges  and  Institutions  Aided,  has 
been  issued  as  a  Parliamentary  Paper.  The 
price  is  9ri. 

The  Fourth  International  Mathe- 
matical Congress  will  assemble  at  Rome 
on  April  6th.  There  will  be  four  divisions  : 
(1)  Arithmetic,  Algebra,  Analysis  ;  (2) 
Geometry  ;  (3)  Mechanics,  Mathematical 
Physics,  Geodesy,  Applied  Mechanics  ;  (4) 
Philosophy,  Historical,  and  other  Questions. 

The  monthly  magazine  Technical  Lite- 
rature, which  has  its  offices  in  New  York, 
and  is  published  in  England  by  Messrs. 
Constable,  will  henceforth  bear  the  title  of 
The  Engineering  Digest. 


No.  4190,  Feb.  15,  1908 


THE    ATHENAEUM 


199 


The  successor  to  M.  Berthelot  at  the 
French  Academie  de  Medecine  was  elected 
last  week,  after  a  keen  competition.  At 
the  first  ballot  M.  Andre,  who  collaborated 
with  him,  obtained  the  majority  of  votes  ; 
but  at  the  second  M.  Beclese  was  declared 
elected  by  45  votes  to  25  cast  for  M.  Andre. 
The  new  Academician  is  chief  of  the  "  labo- 
ratoire  de  radiographic "  at  the  St. 
Antoine  Hospital. 

We  regret  to  notice  the  death  on 
the  14th  ult.  of  Mr.  Richard  Hinckley 
Allen,  author  of  that  excellent  and  exhaus- 
tive treatise  '  Star  Names  and  their  Mean- 
ings,' which  appeared  at  New  York  in  1899. 
Mr.  Allen  had  been  in  business  many  years 
in  that  city,  but  lately  resided  at  Chatham, 
N.J.,  and  died  at  Northampton,  Mass., 
where  he  had  been  to  attend  the  funeral 
of  a  sister. 

The  death  is  also  announced  of  M.  A. 
Lancaster,  chief  of  the  Meteorological  De- 
partment of  the  Royal  Observatory  of 
Belgium  at  Uccle,  and  collaborator  with 
the  late  Director  Houzeau  in  the  '  Biblio- 
graphic generale  de  l'Astronomie,'  the 
first  part  of  which  appeared  in  1887,  and 
the  second  in  1882. 

M.  Bouhget,  of  the  Toulouse  Observatory, 
has  been  appointed  Director  of  that  at 
Marseilles. 

Circulars  Nos.  134  and  135  of  the  Harvard 
College  Observatory  record  the  discovery 
of  forty-one  variable  stars  in  the  southern 
hemisphere.  One  of  these,  situated  in  the 
constellation  Columba  and  numbered 
-30°. 2883  in  the  '  Durchmusterung,'  has  a 
range  of  more  than  4£  magnitudes,  being 
10-4  when  brightest,  and  below  the  fifteenth 
when  faintest.  Several  of  those  in  the 
second  list  are  found  to  be  of  the  Algol  type. 

A  monthly  astronomical  journal  has  been 
started  at  Antwerp  under  the  title  Gazette 
astronomique,  which  is  to  give  ephemerides 
and  an  account  of  astronomical  phenomena 
to  be  observed,  together  with  some  popular 
articles. 

The  first  number  of  vol.  xxxvii.  of  the 
Memorie  della  Societa  degli  Spettroscopisti 
Italiani  has  appeared.  The  chief  articles 
are  Prof.  Abetti's  account  of  the  observations 
of  the  transit  of  Mercury  last  November 
at  Arcetri  ;  Prof.  Bemporad's  results  of 
photometric  observations  at  Catania  ;  and 
tables  of  spectroscopic  images  of  the  solar 
limb,  both  as  observed  at  Catania,  Kalocsa, 
Odessa,  Rome,  and  Zurich  in  July  and 
August,  1905,  and  earlier  ones  obtained 
at  Rome  by  Tacchini  and  Millosevich  in 
June  and  July,  1881. 


FINE   ARTS 


Pillow  Lace  :  a  Practical  Handbook.  By 
Elizabeth  Mincoff  and  Margaret  S. 
Marriage.     (John  Murray.) 

A  practical  handbook  on  pillow  lace, 
such  as  that  now  under  our  hand,  could 
only  be  produced  by  accomplished 
workers  thoroughly  conversant  with  the 
subject.  Hitherto  the  historical  interest 
of  a  delicate  and  fascinating  minor  art 
has  been  mainly  considered.  The  revival 
produced  the  practical  learner  of  lace- 
making,  who  could  only  rely  upon  the 
little  information  that  elementary  pam- 
phlets afforded,  and,  in  fact,  got  no  further 
than  "  torchon." 

With  the  decay  of  the  industry,  that, 
well  within  living  memory,  was  of  such 
importance — for  instance,  in  the  Midlands 


— the  more  advanced  types  of  lace-making 
passed  almost  out  of  knowledge,  and  the 
time  has  certainly  arrived  when  aid  should 
be  forthcoming  for  the  modern  pillow-lace 
maker,  concerning  herself  only  with 
moderate  varieties.  The  authors  have 
very  sensibly  made  their  explanations  as 
short  as  possible,  relying  much  on  the 
excellent  diagrams.  These  exhibit  a  care- 
fully graduated  set  of  examples,  and,  as 
Mrs.  Mincoff — who  is  responsible  for 
the  first  six  chapters — says,  "  the  book 
cannot  be  begun  at  random."  The  worker 
must  labour  upon  the  sensible  progressive 
system  that  is  set  forth  for  her,  whether 
she  starts  with  the  learning  of  Russian, 
torchon,  or  other  lace. 

The  concise  and  sufficient  historical 
summary  is  embellished  with  illustrations 
of  lace  of  different  kinds  and  periods, 
perfectly  shown  by  means  of  photography, 
and  processes  such  as  were  unknown  in 
the  days  of  Mrs.  Bury  Palliser.  The  plate 
of  a  Mechlin  lappet-den  telle  a  reseaux, 
for  instance,  could  not  be  better ;  while 
the  illustration  of  the  Brussels  lappet 
exhibits  the  wonderful  taste  and  skill 
of  early  eighteenth-century  lace-makers. 
Such  delicate  efforts  were  worked  to  and 
fro  across  the  pillow,  ground  and  flowers 
together,  in  the  finest  thread,  as  many  as 
five  hundred  bobbins  often  being  used. 
We  may  reflect  that  the  poor  thread- 
spinners  and  lace-makers  of  Brussels, 
Mechlin,  or  Valenciennes  wove  their 
subtle  webs  in  damp  underground  rooms, 
by  the  light  of  dim  candles  set  behind 
water  globes  ;  and  we  may  rejoice  that 
Mechlin  lace,  though  degenerate,  is  now 
copied  by  machines  with  assiduity  and 
success,  and  human  life  and  health  are 
spared.  But  machinery  can  never  repro- 
duce the  texture  and  feeling  of  the  real 
thing,  to  which,  moreover,  time  has  given 
an  extra  cachet  of  value. 

We  strongly  commend  the  succinct 
genealogical  table  or  lace  pedigree  on 
p.  23,  showing  at  a  glance  the  rise  and 
progress  of  the  schools,  and  indicating, 
for  instance,  to  what  extent  English 
lace  in  the  Midlands  was  indebted  to 
Venice  originally,  then  to  Flanders,  and  to 
a  slight  extent  collaterally  to  France. 

The  chapter  on  '  Tools '  treats  of  the 
various  forms  of  the  lace  pillow  (the 
Kldppelsack  of  Saxony),  the  methods 
of  making  them,  and  their  stands  ;  but 
we  find  no  mention  of  the  "  maid  "  and 
the  "  bow  maid,"  formerly  the  inseparable 
adjuncts  of  the  lace-maker's  cottage  in 
the  Midlands.  Only  of  recent  years  has 
any  attention  been  paid  to  the  beauty 
and  delicacy  of  English  bobbins.  So  far 
as  we  are  aware,  nothing  regarding  their 
place  of  their  manufacture,  classifica- 
tion, or  approximate  dates  has  up  to 
the  present  time  been  put  into  print. 
From  the  evidence  of  a  varied  collection 
we  gather  that  the  very  small  ones  in 
ivory  or  bone  (some  worn  half  through 
by  use)  are  the  oldest,  thus  verifying 
the  testimony  of  Fuller  that  "  bone  lace," 
such  as  was  made  at  Honiton  in  his  day, 
was  so  called  on  account  of  the  bone 
bobbins  used  in  its  manufacture.  Sir 
Thomas  Wyatt  went  to  his  execution  in 


1554  in  a  ruff  trimmed  with  "  bone-lace." 
Unlike  continental  examples,  which  are 
not  "  jingled,"  those  in  England,  being 
much  smaller  and  fighter,  were  invariably 
weighted  with  white,  coloured,  and  other 
glass  beads,  called  "  jingles,"  as  well 
as  with  Roman  and  English  silver  and 
coins,  brought  home  from  the  fields  by 
husbands  and  brothers.  In  the  parts 
of  Bedfordshire  about  Sandy,  where 
onions  are  grown,  the  beds  are  weeded  by 
hand,  the  weeders  generally  kneeling, 
and  thus  the  smallest  coins  are  dis- 
covered, and  go  to  ballast  the  bobbins. 
Once,  indeed,  at  Cogenhoe,  Northamp- 
tonshire, a  gold  noble  of  Henry  VI.  was 
retrieved  from  a  lace  pillow. 

Later  bone  bobbins  are  parcel-gilt, 
stained  in  different  tints,  decorated  with 
letters  and  dates,  or  spirally  inscribed 
in  dots  of  different  colours — "  a  gifte  by 
Rebecca  Grainge  to  Elizabeth  Bend "  ; 
as  love  tokens,  supplying  the  place  of  the 
posy  ring — "  I  will  for  ever  love  the  giver," 
&c.  Mrs.  Mincoff,  quoting  an  example 
inscribed  "Jesus  wept,"  remarks,  as 
well  she  may,  "  What  has  become  of  the 
fitness  of  things  ?  " 

Wooden  bobbins  have  been  turned  with 
great  beauty  and  delicacy.  Some  are 
cut  as  "  church  windows " — so  called, 
hollow  with  movable  balls,  faceted, 
banded  with  pewter,  brass-wired  with 
minute  beads,  "  harnessed  "  with  metal, 
with  loose  rings  of  wood  or  pewter, 
thicker  for  gimp,  larger  for  "  poking 
sticks,"  &c.  The  unjingled  French,  Belgian, 
and  Venetian  bobbins  appear  clumsy 
beside  the  varied  English  examples.  Simi- 
larly, the  rickety  English  "  lace  turn,"  or 
bobbin  winder,  once  usual  in  North- 
amptonshire, is  more  picturesque  than  the 
rigid  German  machine.  Among  the  pillows 
we  miss  the  neat  revolving  sort  from  Spain. 

Information  on  the  making  of  lace 
patterns  and  thread  carries  us  to  the 
mysteries  of  torchon,  or  rather,  as  the 
authors  advise,  to  Russian  lace — so  called, 
seemingly,  because  it  did  not  originate 
in  Russia,  but  came  from  Italy,  whence 
it  passed  by  way  of  Flanders  into  the 
dominions  of  the'  Tsar.  There  it  is  now 
more  acclimatized  than  elsewhere.  In 
the  description  of  the  making  of  the  tape 
which  forms  the  main  pattern  we  have 
the  first  examples  of  the  diagrams, 
beautifully  and  accurately  presented, 
which  constitute  so  attractive  and  useful 
a  feature  in  '  Pillow  Lace.'  In  their 
complicated  lines  and  convolutions  they 
vividly  recall  the  engraved  circular  plates 
by  Albert  Diirer  ;  and  when,  as  here,  the 
pattern  and  the  lace  which  is  fashioned 
from  it  are  placed  side  by  side,  together 
with  a  printed  description,  a  learner  can 
require  nothing  more. 

From  Russian  lace  to  torchon  is  not  a 
wide  step,  but  the  latter  is  superior, 
shading  off,  as  the  '  Lace  Pedigree ' 
indicates,  into  Maltese  (a  guipure),  Cluny, 
and  other  sorts  better  than  itself.  Con- 
spicuous in  the  designs  are  "  lozenges," 
"  spiders,"  and  "  fans,"  well  displayed 
in  the  patterns  and  resulting  laces, 
simple  edged  or  fringed.  With  respect  to 
Maltese  and    Cluny,  patterns  and    laces 


'(Ill 


T  BE     ATHKNiEUM 


No.  4190,  Feb.  15.  1908 


clearly  Mt  forth  in  a  most  interesting 
chapter ;   ami    plaited    lace,   the   saoancl 

it    variety,  u-ual   in    the  Sixteenth  and 

ateenth   centuries,  but   new   entirely 
■mpero  <\n\.  is  duly  treated. 
To  the  third  great  class,  that  of  grounded 
-namely,    "solid    figures,    standing 

out  more  or  less  plainly  from  a  lighter  net 

kground " — belongs    "much    of    the 
high  aristocracy  i>f  pillow  taoe— Chantilly, 

M..hlin,  Valenciennes,  and  silk  blonds." 

The  fourth  elass,  guipure,  the  opposite 
of  grounded  lace,  consists  of  solid  figures 
connected  by  plaits  and  twists.  To  one 
kind  of  guipure  Honiton  lace  belongs. 

It  must,  however,  be  borne  in  mind,  with 
regard  to  the  above  general  classification, 
that  the  four  classes,  in  their  several 
varieties,  often  shade  into  one  another. 
Further,  as  in  fact  the  diagrams 
show,  the  present  work  is  intended 
as  a  guide  to  the  lace-maker  in  the 
easier  kinds  of  pillow  lace,  not  as  an  aid 
to  the  student  and  connoisseur.  It  is 
with  this  aim  that  in  some  cases  the 
diagrams  are  shown  in  thick  as  well  as 
in  thin  lines,  and  the  resulting  laces, 
though  somewhat  coarse,  are  well  suited 
for  house  decoration.  A  useful  glossary 
gives  many  words  in  French  and  German 
not  to  be  found  in  ordinary  dictionaries. 


Rembrandt  :  a  Study  of  his  Life  and  Work. 
By  G.  Baldwin  Brown.  (Duckworth.) — 
The  time  had  come  for  a  book  on  Rembrandt 
which  should  put  the  English  reader  in 
possession  of  the  chief  results  of  recent 
continental  research  on  the  life  and  works 
of  the  greatest  of  Dutch  painters.  The 
last  ten  years  have  seen  the  publication  of 
new  books  on  Rembrandt  so  multitudinous, 
so  large,  and,  it  may.be  added,  so  expensive, 
that  there  can  be  few  private  libraries  in 
which  they  are  assembled,  and  the  serious 
student,  who  may  be  debarred  from  easy 
access  to  public  collections,  needs  at 
least  a  guide  to  the  use  of  this  new  litera- 
ture and  a  summary  of  its  chief  contents. 
Of  popular  monographs  on  Rembrandt 
there  were  already  enough,  and  it  may  at 
once  be  said  Miat  Prof.  Brown  has  not  added 
to  the  mass  of  negligible  literature.  He 
is  scholarly,  well-informed,  and  accurate, 
and  has  made  careful  use  of  such  authorities 
as  Dr.  Hofstede  de  Groot's  '  Urkunden,' 
Dr.  Bode' s  great  publication  of  the  paintings, 
and  the  reproductions  of  the  drawings 
inaugurated  by  Dr.  Lippmann  and  continued 
since  his  death.  In  fact,  he  is  rather  ham- 
pered by  the  extent  of  his  knowledge  when 
he  finds  himself  compelled  to  compress  what 
he  has  to  say  into  a  book  of  little  more 
than  300  pages.  Selection,  in  such  a  case, 
is  a  mutter  of  great  difficulty,  and  Prof. 
Brown  lias  erred,  perhaps,  in  including 
too  many  subjects  for  discussion.  Still, 
there  is  evidence  of  personal  taste  and  of 
diroct  acquaintance  with  tho  pictures  criti- 
cized, even  if  they  hang  in  galleries  so 
remote  as  thoso  of  Stockholm  and  St.  Peters- 
burg. 

Two  preliminary  chapters  treat  of  Rem- 
brandt's placo  in  modern  painting,  and 
his  environment  in  Holland  of  tho  seven- 
teenth century.  Two  chapters  are  then 
devoted  to  his  biography,  one  to  tho  draw- 
ings one  to  the  etchings,  two  to  the  pictures; 
while  two  concluding  chapters  contain, 
besides  a  discussion  of  Rembrandt's  tech- 
nique  in   painting,   an   attempt   at   a   final 


estimate  oi  the  qualities  of  his  art,  and  a 

statement  of  his attitude  towards  the  deepest 
and  most  solemn  realities  <>f  this  life  and  the 

world  to  soma    The  plan  chosen  for  the 

discussion  of  drawings,  etchings,  and  paint- 
ings as  subjects  apart    involves  a  somewhat 

forced  disintegration  of  an  organic  whole 
into   its   elements,    and    ths    reader    finds 

himweU  several  tun<«  beginning  again  at 
the  outset  of  Rembrandt's  caroer,  when 
he  had  just  left  him  at  tho  glorious 
period  of  a  life  that  continually  waxed 
in  artistic  power,  though  it  waned  in  worldly 
prosperity.  Tho  chapter  on  the  etchings 
is  somewhat  dry,  and  not  so  evidently 
written  eon  amore  as  those  portions  of  the 
book  which  deal  with  painting.  Prof. 
Brown  passes  beyond  the  judicial  attitude 
into  a  more  generous  and  enthusiastic  mood 
when  he  writes  of  the  St.  Petersburg  'Danae,' 
the  Stockholm  '  Claudius  Civilis,'  the 
'  Family '  at  Brunswick,  the  '  Jan  Six,' 
the  '  Return  of  the  Prodigal,'  and  the 
1  Syndics.'  The  selection  of  illustrations 
is  unconventional  and  good,  and  the  book 
is  provided  with  such  critical  apparatus 
in  the  way  of  analysis,  notes,  and  indexes, 
as  is  suitable  to  its  scope.  It  may  be  com- 
mended as  the  best  book  on  Rembrandt's 
life  and  art  for  the  general  reader  that  has 
been  produced  in  England. 

Index  to  Archaeological  Papers,  1665-1890. 
Edited  by  G.  Laurence  Gomme.  (Constable 
&  Co.) — Mr.  Gomme  (whose  name  in  this 
connexion  must  be  associated  with  that  of 
Mrs.  Gomme)  is  to  be  congratulated  on 
having  at  last  achieved,  notwithstanding 
the  great  pressure  of  his  public  duties,  a 
work  which  he  undertook  twenty-five  years 
ago,  and  of  which  a  first  instalment  (A  to  C) 
was  published  so  long  ago  as  1888-91. 
His  preface  somewhat  disarms  criticism  by 
acknowledging  that  such  a  work,  unless  it 
had  been  compiled  by  a  band  of  capable 
workers,  each  taking  up  his  own  department, 
is  bound  to  contain  many  errors  and  mis- 
prints. The  plan  of  the  work  is  to  furnish 
an  index,  by  names  of  authors,  of  all  archaeo- 
logical papers  published  in  the  Transactions 
of  central  and  local  societies  in  Great  Britain 
and  Ireland  since  the  foundation  of  the  Royal 
Society  of  London  in  1665.  As  an  index  to 
the  Transactions  of  the  central  societies, 
many  of  which  have  no  general  index,  or 
only  a  partial  and  incomplete  one,  the  book 
may  save  those  who  desire  to  consult  those 
Transactions  some  trouble  ;  but  as  an  index 
to  the  Transactions  of  the  local  societies,  it 
is  a  revelation  of  a  mine  of  comparatively 
unknown  and  unsuspected  information.  Mr. 
Gomme  remarks,  with  characteristic  slirewd- 
ness,  that  many  of  the  local  details  are 
vitiated  by  false  theories  concerning  their 
origin  and  history,  and  by  false  conclusions 
as  to  their  purpose  and  meaning,  but  that 
these  defects  do  not  destroy  the  recorded 
facts,  and  many  a  fragment  of  evidence  has 
now  no  longer  any  corroboration  except  for 
its  place  in  the  pages  of  the  Transactions  of 
some  local  archaeological  society. 

It  must  be  admitted,  however,  that 
an  index  by  names  of  authors  only  is 
an  insufficient  guide,  as  the  searcher  for 
information  may  not  know  the  names  of 
those  who  have  written  upon  his  subject, 
especially  in  the  case  of  local  Transactions. 
A  subject-index  is  therefore  a  supplement 
imperatively  callod  for,  and  while  it  is  not 
to  bo  wondered  that  Mr.  Gommo  has  been 
unable  to  furnish  such  an  aid,  its  absence 
is  absurd  and  ought  to  be  remedied  c  t  once. 

The  index  by  names  of  authors  affords, 
at  a  glance,  much  interesting  information  as 
to  the  comparative  fertility  of  archaeological 
writers  and  the  devolopmont  of  tho  linos  of 
research  that  they  have  takon  up.  Among 
the  good  mon  of  a  past  generation,  Charlos  ' 


Roach   Smith   and   All.,  rt    Way   each   occupy 
more  than  four  pages  ;  and  among  those  .-nil 
happily  with  us,  sir  John   EJvai     olaii 
similar  allotment.      On  the  other  hand,  the 
separate  papers  l.\    Sir  A.  Wollaston  Prai 
who  filled  so  large  a  placo  in  the  work  of  the 

Society  of  Antiquaries  during  tin-  second  hall 
of   the  last    century,   call    for    little    i 
than      one      page      in     the     index;       while 
Stukeloy,  whose  influence  on  tho  early  d 
of  that  society  was  almost    as    great,   has 
only  three  paj>ers  to  his  name,   and  oil' 
those   is   a   posthumous   selection    from    his 
commonplaco  book. 

We  may  mention  one  or  two  omissions. 
Among  the  papers  published  by  anthro- 
pological societies  we  do  not  find 
any  of  those  read  before  the  short- 
lived London  Antliropological  Society  and 
published  under  the  title  of  Anthropologia 
(1873-4).  The  papers  printed  in  the  Trans- 
actions of  the  London  and  Middlesex 
Archaeological  Society  aro  duly  noted,  but 
not  those  contained  in  a  separate  issue  of 
Proceedings  at  its  evening  meetings  (lhTl), 
some  of  which  were  valuable.  The  pa]  eta 
in  the  quarto  series  of  Transactions 
of  the  Royal  Society  of  Literature 
(1829-39)  are  indexed,  as  well  as  those  of 
the  current  octavo  series,  but  only  the  latter 
is  referred  to  in  the  '  Table  of  Contents.' 

It  should  be  added  that  the  collection  in 
this  volume  terminates  with  the  year  1890, 
but  that  lists  of  archaeological  papers 
(mostly  due  to  Mr.  Gomme's  untiring 
industry)  have  since  that  date  been  issued 
by  the  Congress  of  Archaeological  Societies 
in  union  with  the  Society  of  Antiquaries,  and 
have  been  widely  circulated  among  the 
members  of  those  societies.  Those  persons, 
therefore,  who  possess  this  volume,  and  the 
annual  lists  issued  by  that  Congi 
have  at  their  disposal  a  record  of  the 
activities  of  archaeological  writers  up  to  the 
latest  date.  We  have  no  hesitation  in 
accepting  Mr.  Gomme's  statement  that  he 
has  enjoyed  his  self-imposed  task,  and  that 
it  has  taken  him  into  realms  of  research 
which  have  been  of  the  greatest  use  to  his 
own  work.  An  appendix  of  forty-four  pages 
contains  titles  omitted  from  their  places  or 
collected  since  the  compilation  was  com- 
pleted, and  should  be  kept  in  mind  when 
the  book  is  being  used.  It  neods  careful 
revision,  and  the  addition  we  mention 
above. 


THE    COUNTY    HALL. 

The  public  exhibition  of  designs  for  the 
proposed  new  hall  for  the  London  County 
Council  has,  naturally,  attracted  much  atten- 
tion. The  selected  design  has  been  sub- 
jected to  much  criticism  in  detail,  both  lay 
and  professional  ;  but  by  general  consent 
it  is  admitted  to  be  a  creditable  solution 
of  the  problem.  Mr.  Knott's  virtues  do  not 
exactly  appeal  to  the  man  in  the  street,  who 
is  inclined  to  vote  his  work  commonplace 
because  it  is  made  up  of  architectural 
features  which  are  thoroughly  naturalized 
in  London.  This  is  undoubtedly  intentional, 
and  a  wise  recognition  of  the  "drift"'  of 
things  —  the  natural  tendency  of  circum- 
stances to  evolve  the  suitable  in  architecture. 
Indeed,  to  find  originality  in  the  nice 
rolation  of  familiar  units  rather  than  in 
tho  introduction  of  fresh  ones  is  not  a  bad 
sign  in  an  artist — witness  Greek  art,  which 
is  monotonous  in  so  far  as  it  consists  in 
dealing  endlessly  with  the  slightest  of  varia- 
t  ions  of  tho  same  set  of  forms.  To  the  general 
public,  however,  little  given  to  the  recogni- 
tion of  any  large  scheme,  and  inclined  to 
look  at  a  window  or  chimney  at  a  time,  and 
judge  it  by  tho  novelty  of  its  details, 
Mr.   Knott's  workmanlike  structure  appears 


No.  4190,  Feb.  15,  1908 


THE    ATHEN^UM 


201 


less  interesting  than,  say,  the  gayer  and  more 
exotic  Parisian  exhibition  -  buildings  de- 
signed by  Messrs.  Houston  &  Horn,  with 
their  lavish  splendour  of  river  front  and 
their  ornamental  details  elaborated  down 
to  the  very  subjects  of  the  wall-paintings. 
It' is  for  this  public  a  reproach  to  Mr.  Knott 
that  his  skyline  (always  a  difficulty  in  this 
enormous  pile  of  offices,  and  productive  in 
other  hands  of  many  purposeless  towers) 
is  almost  exclusively,  yet  sufficiently  adorned 
by  utilitarian  chimneys. 

Against  such  criticisms  it  is  not  necessary 
to  defend  at  any  length  the  fine  composition 
which  has  at  a  stroke  placed  a  young  and 
little-known  artist  in  the  front  rank  of  living 
architects.  We  mention  them  because  from 
their  nature  they  make  it  clear  that  this 
is  not  the  kind  of  work  which  a  pessimist 
would  expect  to  emerge  from  a  competitive 
trial. 

For  our  own  part,  we  remark  that  con- 
siderable alterations  seem  to  be  needed.  Mr. 
Knott  shows  us  a  dignified  and  attractive 
building  that  looks  its  part,  but  externally 
it  is  disfigured  by  passages  of  enormous 
length,  with  no  windows  except  at  the  ends, 
so  that  we  expect  heavy  expenditure  in 
electric  light.  Other  features  more  external 
and  more  easily  altered  are  already  threatened 
by  the  assessors,  with  some  danger  to  the 
qualities  of  the  building  which  give  it  pre- 
dominance over  other  designs  submitted 
Among  such  is  the  fine  flight  of  steps  pro- 
jecting into  the  Thames  so  important  as 
securing  the  full  stateliness  of  the  river  site. 
This  advantage  is  secured,  perhaps,  in  more 
practical  fashion  by  arches  admitting  the 
river  under  the  Embankment,  as  in  the 
design  of  Messrs.  Jemmett  &  McCombie. 
Beneath  these  arches  approach  is  gained  by 
a  fine  flight  of  steps  direct  from  the  state 
barge  into  the  interior  of  the  building ; 
wliile  a  similar  arch  at  the  other  end  admits 
lighters  to  a  coal  wharf.  This  idea  has  its 
grandeur  also,  and  is  more  like  modern 
London  than  the  other. 

There  is  practical  gain  in  the  promo- 
tion of  these  competitions.  We  believe 
that  the  distinguished  architects  who  on 
the  whole  admirably  adjudicate  upon  them 
would  assure  us  that  their  educational  value 
on  the  competitors  is  so  considerable  as  to 
produce  a  definite  advance  in  the  kind  of 
work  submitted,  and  that  the  designs 
successful  ten  years  ago  would  be  often  out- 
classed to-day.  Were  the  painter  similarly 
provoked  periodically  to  consider  serious 
problems,  the  effect  might  be  even  more 
stimulating  and  valuable,  and  in  ten  years' 
time  we  might  have  a  not  unworthy  school 
of  decorative  painting. 


THE    MODERN    SOCIETY    OF 
PORTRAIT    PAINTERS. 

At  the  Institute  the  junior  among  British 
portrait  painters  show  themselves  on  the 
whole  a  little  more  painterliko  than  their 
brethren  who  usually  exhibit  at  the  New 
Gallery,  if  they  are,  on  the  other  hand,  a 
little  less  trustworthy  as  portrait  painters. 
If  there  be  a  difference  between  the  two 
societies,  it  is  in  the  pictures  of  the  less 
capable  members  of  each.  At  the  New 
Gallery  these  tend  to  be  vulgarly  photo- 
graphic, while  horo  they  are  vaguely 
characterized,  though  still  retaining  the 
ambition  to  use  paint  freely  and  gracefully. 
With  wise  precaution,  the  hangers  have 
placed  some  of  the  most  distinguished  works 
near  the  beginning  of  the  exhibition,  and 
thus  favourably  prejudice  tho  visitor.  Mr. 
Gerald  Kelly  is  tho  best  all-round  exhibitor 


here — stylish  in  his  use  of  paint,  delicate 
and  sure  in  his  draughtsmanship,  reserved 
(indeed,  a  little  too  reserved)  in  his  colour. 
He  shows  nothing  which  has,  perhaps,  the 
intimacy  of  a  certain  portrait  of  an  old  lady 
recently  exhibited  at  the  New  Gallery  ; 
but  each  of  his  five  portraits  has  merit, 
W.  Somerset  Maugham,  Esq.,  Mrs.  M.  V. 
Leveaux,  and  Frank  Rulter,  Esq.,  being  the 
best.  His  choice  of  flesh  tints  is  a  little 
pallid  and  sickly,  but  otherwise  he  is  one 
of  the  most  dependable  of  the  younger 
portrait  painters.  By  comparison  Mr. 
Alfred  Hayward  is  a  more  robust  colourist 
and  his  full-length  of  Miss  Mountjoy  is  a 
full-textured,  deep-toned  harmony  of  con- 
siderable personal  quality.  It  suffers  some- 
what from  having  been  (apparently)  painted 
in  too  small  a  studio,  failing  to  carry 
at  the  greater  distance  exacted  by  the 
Institute  galleries.  Mr.  Lambert's  group  of 
works,  with  the  exception  of  the  small 
John  Proctor,  Esq.,  suffer  in  the  same  way. 
Tried  by  the  test  of  distance,  his  flesh  tones 
emerge  in  too  high  a  key  for  the  general 
pitch  of  the  composition,  which  in  his  large 
portrait  group  is  finely  selected  and  well 
worth  respecting.  This  is  an  unfortunate 
error,  and  might  readily  become  a  pernicious 
habit.  It  i-  made  the  more  evident  by  the 
neighbourhood  of  the  group  of  works  by 
Mr.  J.  D.  Fergusson,  an  artist  whose  taste  in 
colour  is  more  violent  than  Mr.  Lambert's, 
though  the  integrity  of  his  tone  makes  his 
pictures  seem  quiet  and  normal  beside  those 
of  the  latter. 

Here  are  four  painters  of  some  promise, 
all  capable  of  handling  large  canvases  with 
a  sense  of  style  that  does  not  always  preclude 
niceness  of  characterization.  They  make  a 
creditable  group,  and  the  rest  of  the  room 
is  notably  inferior.  Their  ease  and  ampli- 
tude, it  is  true,  find  an  echo  in  the  work  of 
Mr.  Max  Bohm,  but  allied  in  this  instance 
witli  a  taste  which  detracts  much  from  the 
merit  of  the  work.  The  portrait  of  Lieut.- 
Col.  Driscoll,  D.S.O.,  however,  has  a  pic- 
turesque subject  which  to  some  extent  suits 
the  painter's  manner.  The  rest  of  the  pic- 
tures in  the  large  gallery  are  disappointing, 
Mr.  Chowne's  portraits  being  far  from  what 
his  flower  pieces  would  lead  us  to  expect, 
wliile  Mr.  Sholto  Douglas  is  also  below  his 
proper  level. 

After  these  tired  and  smudgy  pictures 
it  is  almost  a  relief  to  come,  in  the  second 
room,  on  the  clean  and  careful  work  of  Mr. 
Alfred  Priest.  Charle  R.  Sammerton,  Esq., 
is  the  best  of  these,  all  of  which  are  clever 
with  the  cleverness  of  the  ideal  Academy 
student.  They  are  sadly  deficient  in  large- 
ness of  feeling  for  tone  and  texture,  the 
artist  being,  indeed,  in  the  habit  of  examin- 
ing hair  and  face  and  coat  and  collar  as  so 
many  isolated  passages  of  modelling,  instead 
of  as  parts  of  a  closely  interrelated  scheme. 
Comparison  with  the  work  of  Mr.  Joseph 
Oppenheimer  on  the  next  wall  brings  homo 
to  one  what  this  means,  Mr.  Priest's  sitters, 
for  all  his  cleverness,  being  represented  as 
metallic,  while  those  of  Mr.  Oppenheimer 
are  endowed  with  the  mystery  and  homeli- 
ness, the  veiled  brilliance,  of  living  flesh. 
True,  with  this  comes  some  loss  of  incisive 
touch.  The  painting  is  looser,  and  some- 
times vague  in  form.  Master  Jack,  Son  of 
C.  S.  Holberton,  Esq.,  however,  and  the  por- 
trait sketch  of  Major-General  Sir  John  Mac- 
donald  Moody  are  well  characterized,  and 
among  the  best  things  in  tho  gallorios.  The 
other  portraits  in  tho  second  gallery  worthy 
of  note  are  those  of  Mr.  Frank  Carter — 
often  indifferently  painted,  but  with  some 
instinct  for  the  vitality  and  expression  of  a 
head,  which  in  The  late  Dr.  Malccki  results 
in  a  fragment  of  much  unconscious  oloquoneo, 
almost  recalling  Rembrandt — and  a  work- 


manlike Portrait  of  Mrs.  Robert  Jeff  cock  by 
Mr.  Frank  Salisbury.  Here  a  vigorous 
painter,  who  shows  alongside  to  what  heights 
of  terror  he  can  go  when  uncontrolled  by 
taste,  seems  to  have  submitted  for  the  nonce 
to  certain  negative  restrictions.  He  accepts 
sober  hues  and  the  pose  of  a  quiet  sitter. 

The  small  third  room  need  not  long  detain 
us.  Mr.  Philip  Connard  is  violent  and 
experimental,  and  makes  us  again  think  of 
a  recent  still-life  wherein  he  handled  a  theme 
as  brilliant  with  much  greater  subtlety. 
Mr.  Cadogan  Cowper,  A.R.A.,  by  Mr.  Louis 
Ginnett,  is  a  capital  likeness,  and  one  of  the 
successes  of  the  exhibition. 


NEW    ASSOCIATION    OF    ARTISTS. 

There  is  a  sad  story  of  an  English  artist 
(now  happily  famous)  who  in  Ins  student 
days  spent  an  entire  summer  over  an  ela- 
borate picture,  which  he  brought  to  Paris 
and  obtained  permission  to  lay  before  his 
professor.  Nervously  the  aspirant  produced 
his  effort,  and  awaited  anxiously  the  great 
man's  criticism.  The  latter  looked  loner 
at  it,  sighed,  said,  "  Ni  habile  ni  naif,"  and 
went  away. 

A  like  brief  and  comprehensive  indictment, 
we  fear,  might  be  levelled  at  the  work  shown' 
at  the  Goupil  Gallery  by  this  new  group  of 
painters.  They  are  neither  brilliant  nor 
serious  ;  and  mediocre  attempts  at  virtu- 
osity, without  sufficient  driving  power  to 
carry  them  through,  make  a  depressing 
exhibition.  Mr.  Arthur  Bell's  Newbury 
Bridge  strikes  a  note  of  comparative  modestv 
and  sincerity;  and  Mr.  Shepherd's  two 
drawings  of  animals  might  plead  immunity 
from  the  professor's  first  accusation,  for 
they  are  undoubtedly  clever,  if  rather  thin 
and  slight,  Mr.  Tom  Robertson's  Isle  of 
Dreams  has  an  impressive  subject,  but 
demands  treatment  in  a  severer  mood.  A 
touch  of  cloying  prettiness  weakens— a  too 
easy  confidence  cheapens  it. 


THE    BRITISH   SCHOOL   AT   ATHENS. 

The   Director,  Mr.   R.    M.    Dawkins,    de- 
scribed   on    January    31st    the    excavation 
of  the  sanctuary  of  Artemis  Orthia  at  Sparta, 
The    complete    excavation    of    the    amphi- 
theatre surrounding  the  front  of  the  temple 
has    made    it   possible    to    reconstitute    the 
plan  and  the  general  lines  of  the  elevation  : 
the  building  dates  from  the  second  century 
a.d.     The  most  valuable  of  the  finds   are 
from  the  immediate  vicinity  of  the  archaic 
altar    which    occupies    tho    centre    of    the 
arena  :    they  are  valuable  not  only  artistic- 
ally,   but   also   as   indexes   of   the   external 
relations  of  Sparta  at  a  very  early  period. 
Thus  in  the  deepest  layer  a  small  quantity 
of  amber  occurs,   implying  connexion   with 
the     north     of     Europe.     A     little     higher 
(seventh  century  B.C.)  are  found  orientalizing 
pottery    and    ivories,    the    latter    strongly 
resembling  tho  newest  finds  from  tho  Arte- 
misium  site  at  Ephesus,  and  thus  especially 
interesting  from  the  tradition  that  an  Ionian 
(Gitiadas)    camo    to    Sparta   and    built    the 
temple    of    Athena    Chalcioocus.      Egyptian 
influence  is  attested   by   the  occurrence  of 
a  number   of  scarabs   and   several    intaglio 
seals   decorated   with   couchant   animals   in 
the   round,    a    type    which    occurs    (though 
much  earlier)  in  Egypt. 

Mr.  J.  P.  Droop  gave  an  account  of  the 
oarly  bronzes  found  at  tho  sanctuary  of 
Artemis  Orthia.  Tho  clear  stratification 
allows  a  chronological  arrangement  of  tho 
phis    and    brooches    of  tho    Geometric    and 


202 


THE     ATHENiEUM 


No.  4190,  Feb.  15,  1908 


subsequent  periods  which  confirms  the 
conclusions  reached  from  considerations  of 
style.  The  bronze  brooches  with  double 
spiral  were  apparently  used  as  models  for 
those  of  ivory  which  are  found  at  Sparta 
about  the  close  of  the  Geometric  era.  The 
finest  bronze  object  from  the  temple  of 
Orthia  is  a  brooch  of  the  archaic  Greek 
period,  showing  on  one  side  a  woman's 
head  crowned  with  a  -polos  and  on  the  other 
the  foropart  of  a  lion,  both  modelled  in  the 
round. 

The  earliest  pottery  belongs  to  the  Geo- 
metric period  :  the  Laconian  style  is  very 
simple — more  so  than  any  other  local  style 
from  South  Greek  sites.  It  is  succeeded 
by  an  orientalizing "  style  which  is  of 
local  manufacture,  but  closely  resembles 
the  Cyrenaic  ware  of  the  sixth  century  B.C. 
It  seems  likely  that  the  connexion  between 
Sparta  and  Cyrene  was  always  close,  and 
that  a  greater  share  in  the  formation  of 
the  Cyrenaic  style  must  be  attributed  to 
Laconian  influence  than  has  hitherto  been 
generally  recognized. 


A    SEVENTEENTH  -  CENTURY    MS. 
PLAN    OF    ROME. 

There  has  lately  fallen  into  the  writer's 
hands  a  MS.  sepia  plan  of  Rome,  which, 
in  some  interesting  features,  differs  from 
any  of  the  published  seventeenth-century 
plans  known  to  him  ;  and  as  the  matter  is 
one  of  interest  to  all  students  of  Roman 
topography,  he  ventures  to  offer  here  some 
brief  account  of  it. 

At    first    sight    it    discloses    an    intimate 
relationship  to  the  G.  B.  De  Rossi  1665  plan 
dedicated  to  Alexander  VLL   (Chigi)  ;  but, 
whereas  that  plan  gives  the  Chigi  "  stemma" 
quartering   Delia   Quercia,    this   sepia   plan 
gives  Chigi   alone  in  rough  ;    moreover,  not 
as  3,  2,  1  monti,  but  as  4,  3,  2,  1,  surmounted 
by   a   star,   backed   by   the  papal   keys   in 
saltire,    and   crowned  by     the    "Triregno." 
This  quartering  was  adopted    in    1659-60. 
There  is  evidence,  however,  in  the  ink  used 
that  this  "  stemma  "   and  the  alphabetical 
table  as  well   as   the  numerical   table   (for 
both  are  present)  are  later  than  the  plan 
they  adorn,  and  are  by  another  hand.     In 
fact,  another  "  stemma,"  in  pencil,  set  at  a 
very  different  angle  (but  without  charges), 
is      traceable     beside      the      former      one. 
These    occupy    the    left-hand    top    corner. 
The   numerical    table    extends    to    only    82 
items,  whereas  De  Rossi's   1665  plan  con- 
tains    314.     There    is    a    slight    difference 
between  the  two  plans  in  size,  the  MS.  one 
measuring  cm.   82-06  by  55,  while  the  De 
Rossi  measures  only  4905  by  82-06.    Where 
"  Ecclesia "    is  used   on  the  MS.    plan,  De 
Rossi  uses  "  Basilica  " — in  the  case  of  the 
greater    basilicas.     The    MS.    presents    also 
the    following    peculiarities.     It    shows    six 
ships  instead  of  eight  on  the  Tiber.     It  has 
guns    {i.e.,    those    made    by    the    Barberini 
from    the    bronze   of    the    Pantheon)    upon 
three  of  the  bastions  of  the  fortifications. 
The   monastery   of    S.    Rufino    in    the   MS. 
becomes  S.  Eufemia  in  the  1665  plan.     The 
MS.  shows  three  fragments  of  the  aqueducts 
between     Porta     S.     Lorenzo     and     Porta 
Maggiore,    which   are   lacking    in   the  later 
printed  plan.     The  Pretorian  camp  is  practi- 
cally omitted  ;   and  its  breadth  is  crossed  by 
but    a  slightly  curved   line  of  wall    having 
eleven  towers. 

The  most  notable  features  of  divergence 
are  seen  in  S.  Angelo  and  St.  Peter's. 
Bernini's  "  colonnade"  has  been  superposed 
upon  the  MS.  very  neatly  ;  but  apparently 
it  is  drawn  by  the  same  hand  as  the  church. 
The  pentagonal  outworks  of  S.  Angelo  have 


been  severely  corrected  in  blacker  ink,  and 
the  corrections  correspond  to  their  form  in 
the  1665  plan.  This  also  applies  to  street- 
modifications  in  the  Ghetto. 

On  the  whole,  it  may  be  conjectured  that 
the  MS.  may  possibly  be  a  study  by  Lieven 
Cruyl  (1640-1720),  utilized  later  for  the 
Cruyl — De  Rossi  1665  plan. 

St.  Clair  Baddeley. 


SALE. 

Messrs.  Christie  sold  last  Saturday  the  following 
pictures,  the  property  of  the  Duke  of  Sutherland  : 
Van  Dyck,  Portrait  of  a  Gentleman,  mounted  on 
horseback,  in  red  doublet  and  hose  braided  with 
gold,  2,205/.  Lawrence,  Duchess  of  Norfolk,  in 
white  dress,  cut  low  and  trimmed  with  lawn  frills, 
86U.  Andrea  del  Sarto,  The  Madonna  and  Child, 
with  St.  John,  the  Madonna  in  crimson  dress,  with 
green  and  blue  robe,  seated  in  a  landscape,  682/. 
Guercino,  St.  Gregory,  seated  on  a  throne,  looking 
upwards,  his  hand  on  an  open  book,  367/.  Etty, 
The  World  before  the  Flood,  241/.  Eubens, 
Philip  IV.  of  Spain,  on  horseback,  136/. 


Jfiru-JUl  (gossip. 

At  the  last  meeting  of  the  Council  of  the 
Royal  Society  of  Painter-Etchers  and  En- 
gravers Miss  Anna  Airy  and  M.  Gustave 
Lehautre  of  Paris  were  elected  Associates. 

At  the  Franco-British  Exhibition  the 
Art  Building  has  been  equally  divided  be- 
tween France  and  Great  Britain.  In  the 
British  Section  there  is  room  to  hang  only 
about  400  oil  paintings  and  400  water- 
colours,  but  there  will  also  be  sections  de- 
voted to  a  collection  of  sculpture,  and  small 
collections  of  etchings,  engravings,  &c. 
The  British  "  Retrospective "  Section  will 
probably  include  100  oil  paintings  and  an 
equal  number  of  water-colours,  thus  leaving 
room  for  but  300  oil  paintings  and  300  water- 
colours  by  living  artists.  Consequently  the 
exhibits  will  be  invited  by  the  Committee, 
and  artists  are  not  encouraged  to  submit 
works  for  approval. 

The  Duchess  of  Marlborough  will 
open  the  International  Society's  '  Exhibition 
of  Fair  Women '  at  the  New  Gallery  next 
Saturday. 

The  Oil  Bias  has  been  devoting  some 
attention  to  "  les  refuses  au  Salon,"  and, 
although  it  by  no  means  exhausts  the 
subject,  some  of  its  illustrations  are  remark- 
able enough.  Many  French  masters  have 
had  their  pictures  rejected — Corot,  Millet, 
Rousseau,  Delacroix,  Diaz,  and  others. 
In  1859  Millet's  group  of  '  La  Mort  et  le 
Bucheron '  was  sent  back  to  the  artist  ; 
and  in  1872  Courbet's  '  Femme  couchee ' 
was  refused  by  a  jury  over  which  Meissonier 
presided. 

An  important  collection  of  the  works  of 
Sisley  is  now  being  exhibited  at  the  Durand- 
Ruel  galleries  in  the  Rue  Laffitte,  including 
over  forty  works  which  range  from  the 
artist's  visit  to  London  during  the  Com- 
mune to  his  last  days  of  artistic  activity  in 
1888.  Sisley,  although  born  in  France, 
was  the  son  of  English  parents,  and  one  of 
his  most  interesting  works  in  the  present 
exhibition  is  a  '  Vue  de  la  Tamise.' 

Mr.  Selwyn  Brinton  writes  : — 
"My  attention  has  been  drawn  to  a  letter  in 
your  columns  from  Dr.  Eduard  von  Mayer,  in  which 
he  complains  that  a  translation  of  his  interesting 
work  on  '  Pompeii '  was  recently  published  in  Eng- 
lish by  Messrs.  Siegle,  Hill  &  Co.,  with  the 
omission  of  certain  parts  of  the  work  and  quota- 
tions.    Although  I  have  now  severed  my  connexion 


with  that  firm,  at  the  time  this  work  appeared  I 
was  acting  as  editor  of  '  The  Langham  Series,'  and 
as  such  this  work  came  under  my  supervision.  In 
this,  as  well  as  other  volumes  of  the  series,  I  had 
strict  instructions  from  my  publisher  to  keep  the 
volumes  to  a  certain  standard  of  uniformity  as  to 
the  amount  of  paged  matter,  and,  finding  myself  in 
this  position,  I  consulted  with  the  translator  as  to 
what  portions,  if  any,  could  be  omitted  from  Dr. 
von  Mayer's  work  with  the  least  possible  loss  of 
continuity. 

"The  question  of  the  translator's  name  appear- 
ing was  decided  by  the  publisher,  and  in  the  only 
volume  which  I  myself  translated  for  the  series, 
(  'Francisco  Goya,'  by  Dr.  Muther)  I  submitted  to 
the  same  rule.  But  I  should  like  to  add  that  the 
omissions  from  Dr.  Mayer's  work  were  entirely 
made  from  exigencies  of  space,  as  described  above, 
and  not  from  any  want  of  appreciation  or  sympathy 
with  a  work  which  I  so  valued  that,  as  soon  as  I 
found  my  publishers  had  acquired  the  translation 
rights,  I  persistently  pressed  its  claims  on  their 
attention." 

The  new  administrator  of  the  Gobelins 
manufactory  is  M.  Gustave  Geoffroy,  who  has 
written  and  edited  a  long  series  of  books  on 
art,  and  has  been  one  of  the  most  con- 
sistent advocates  of  the  impressionist  school 
of  painting. 

We  are  sorry  to  notice  the  death  last 
Saturday  of  Mr.  J.  D.  G.  Dalrymple,  a 
learned  archaeologist  who  wrote  no  book, 
but  contributed  many  papers  to  societies. 
He  was  for  twenty-four  years  Hon.  Secretary 
of  the  Glasgow  Archaeological  Society,  and 
for  three  years  President ;  indeed,  that  body 
owes  its  vigorous  life  to  his  zeal.  To  com- 
memorate its  jubilee  in  1906  he  established 
the  Dalrymple  Lectureship  in  Glasgow. 
W.  G.  B.,  in  The  Glasgow  Herald  of  Monday 
last,  writes  : — 

"  Mr.  Dalrymple  for  many  years  edited  the 
Transactions  of  the  Archseological  Society,  and 
brought  to  the  discharge  of  the  duties  of  an  editor 
a  zeal  for  minute  accuracy  which  was  invaluable. 

Perhaps  the  great  passion  of  his  life  was  for 

travel,  and  particularly  travel  in  France — a  land 
as  to  which  he  was  singularly  well  informed. 
Aided  by  a  memorj'  which  never  failed  him,  he  was 
able  to  enjoy  foreign  archaeological  research  to  the 
fullest.  While  France  was  always  his  favourite 
realm,  he  travelled  widely  also  in  Germany,  Italy, 
Greece,  Dalmatia,  and  other  countries,  and  his 
conversation  was  erudite  without  weariness,  for,  as 
Sir  Thomas  Browne  put  it  two  centuries  ago,  '  he 
had  wisely  seen  the  world  at  home  and  abroad.'  " 

At  the  second  general  meeting  of  the 
Society  for  the  Promotion  of  Hellenic  Studies 
next  Tuesday  Mr.  Louis  Dyer  and  Mr.  E.  N. 
Gardiner  will  read  illustrated  papers  on  the 
Qtarpov  at  Olympia,  and  Dr.  Cecil  Smith 
will  show  illustrations  of  two  new  Parthenon 
fragments. 

EXHIBITIONS. 

Sat.  (Feb.  15).— Cathedral  Citie6  of  France,  Water-Colours  by  Herbert 
Marshall,  Leicester  Galleries. 

—  Landscapes  in    Water  -  Colours  by    James    Aumonier,    R.I., 
Private  View.  Leicester  Galleries. 

—  Memorial  Exhibition  of   the  Works  of    J.   Buxton  Knight, 
Private  View,  Goupil  Gallery. 

—  New  Ideas  in  Dainty  Portraits  by  Hal  Hurst,  R.I.,  Mount 
Street  Galleries. 

—  Scenes  on  the  Roman  Campagna,  Water-Colours  by  Aristide 
Sartorio,  R.A.S.L. .  Private  View,  Fine-Art  Society. 

—  Water  -  Colours    by    Deceased    and    Living    Artists,    Messrs. 
Agnew's  Gallery. 

Trts.  Original  Poster  Designs  and  Colour  Sketches  by  H.  L.  Shindler. 
Press  View,  Newman  Gallery. 

—  Paintings  by  Wilfrid    G.   von  Glehn,   Private  View,  Carfax 
Gallery. 

Wed.  Paintings  and  Water-Colonrs  of  England  and  Holland  by 
Evert  Moll  of  Dordrecht,  Private  View.  Ryder  Gallery. 

Sat.  (Feb.  221.— Roval  Society  of  Painter  -  Etchers  and  Engravers, 
Private  View,  5a,  Pall  Mall  East. 


MUSIC 


OUR    LIBRARY    TABLE. 

A  History  of  Music  in  England.  By 
Ernest  Walker.  (Oxford,  Clarendon  Press.) 
— Our  author  in  hiVPreface  says  that  he  has 
used  the  term  "  English  "  for  want  of  any 
other  "  that  is  more  exactly  comprehensive." 


No.  4190,  Feb.  15,  1908 


THE    ATHENAEUM 


203 


It  seems,  however,  strange  that  he  should 
object  to  the  more  comprehensive  term 
"  British."  To  avoid  "  sitting  in  judgment 
upon  younger  men,"  he  has  not  mentioned 
by  name  any  living  composer  born  later  than 
1860.  One  other  point  is  noticed  in  the 
Preface.  The  book  deals  almost  entirely  with 
the  art  itself  ;  details  concerning  the  lives 
of  composers  are  left  to  biographical  diction- 
aries. The  story  of  English  music  from  the 
thirteenth  to  the  eighteenth  century  is  well 
told,  the  chapters  on  the  '  Madrigalian  Era ' 
and  '  Purcell  and  his  Contemporaries  '  being 
instructive  and  interesting. 

Dr.  Walker  complains — to  our  think- 
ing, somewhat  unjustly — of  the  crushing 
influence,  first  of  Handel,  and  then  of 
Mendelssohn,  over  native  art.  In  speaking 
of  music  under  the  later  Georges  he  says 
that  blind  adoration  of  Handelian  methods 
"  crushed  out  of  ninety -nine  of  every 
hundred  composers  any  vital  originality 
they  might  otherwise  have  displayed." 
But  was  there  any  "  vital  originality "  to 
crush  ?  We  doubt  it.  Beethoven  stimu- 
lated Schubert  and  Schumann,  to  name 
only  two  composers  :  they  strongly  felt  his 
influence,  but  they  had  really  something 
to  say  on  their  own  account.  A  similar 
argument  applies  to  Mendelssohn.  Again, 
Wagner's  influence  has  proved  very  strong, 
but  Sir  Edward  Elgar,  in  '  The  Dream 
of  Gerontius,'  shows  clearly  that,  though 
affected,  he  was  not  crushed  by  it. 

Our  author's  account  of  Handel's  operas 
and  of  the  splendid  music  contained  in 
these  little-known  works  is  well  worth  read- 
ing. No  one  will  dispute  the  statement  that 
the  composer  "  tried  to  base  his  title  to 
immortality  on  a  direct  popular  appeal  "  ; 
but  his  true  title  rests,  and  firmly,  on  music 
written  solely  for  the  sake  of  art.  Dr. 
Walker  complains  that  '  The  Messiah ' 
is  "  still  part  of  the  average  Englishman's 
religion,  and  he  criticizes  its  music  no  more 
than  he  criticizes  its  words."  No  "average" 
person  could  criticize  the  music  ;  and  no 
one,  average  or  otherwise,  has  ever  thought 
of  criticizing  the  words.  Dr.  Walker  may 
dismiss  his  fear  that,  owing  to  recent  reaction 
against  the  fetish  worship  of  Handel,  he  is 
in  "  some  danger  of  being  relegated  to  the 
rubbish-heap."  Our  author's  account  of 
Later  Victorian  music  is  thoughtful,  and, 
in  the  main,  fair. 

Ignaz  Jan  Paderewski.  By  Edward  Alger- 
non Baughan.  (John  Lane.) — To  write 
honestly  about  a  great  living  artist,  and 
especially  one  who  is  "  an  idol  of  the  public," 
is  no  easy  matter.  A  man  must  be  in  sym- 
pathy with  his  subject,  yet  not  too  much 
so  ;  otherwise  he  will  minimize  faults  and 
magnify  virtues.  Mr.  Baughan  is  by 
profession  a  critic,  and  his  appreciation  of 
his  subject  is  temperate.  The  account  of 
the  life,  mixed  with  a  few  "  apocryphal " 
stories  —  such  are  told  of  all  who  have 
become  celebrated — is  brief.  But  we  are 
more  concerned  about  Paderewski  as  a 
pianist  and  a  composer.  Our  author  quotes 
his  criticism  of  a  recital  in  1901,  and 
still,  in  the  main,  adheres  to  it.  He  con- 
sidered Paderewski' s  technique  not  always 
clear  ;  he  found  "  too  many  spots  of  virtuoso 
exaggeration  of  contrast,"  and  so  on.  Yet, 
in  spite  of  shortcomings,  Paderewski  is 
for  him  "  the  greatest  of  living  pianists," 
for  in  addition  to  strong  individuality  and 
ripe  musicianship,  he  is  strongly  emotional, 
and  possesses  that  "  curious  magnetism 
which  always  enchains  the  attention  of  the 
public." 

In  judging  Paderewski  as  a  composer,  the 
critic  is  very  guardod  in  his  language.  He 
finds,  as  many  others  do,  much  to  praise 
in    the    various    works,    yet    ho    suspends 


judgment.  The  promised  opera  and  sym- 
phony will,  he  expects,  "enable  the  musical 
world  to  come  to  a  definite  conclusion  as  to 
the  place  Paderewski  will  occupy  as  a 
composer." 


iWnstcal  dosaip. 

Mr.  Arthur  Fagge  gave  his  third  concert 
at  Queen's  Hall  on  Wednesday  evening. 
The  programme  included  two  novelties.  The 
first  was  the  Prelude  for  orchestra  and  organ, 
and  a  soprano  solo  and  chorus  '  Ave  Maria,' 
from  '  Fra  Francesco,'  a  one-act  opera  by 
Mr.  Henry  Waller,  which  was  originally 
produced  under  the  direction  of  Dr.  Muck 
at  Berlin.  It  is  of  course  impossible  to 
judge  of  the  work  from  these  two  excerpts. 
All  we  can  say  is  that  there  is  a  certain 
dramatic  feeling  in  the  Prelude,  and  that 
the  solo,  well  rendered  by  Madame  Conly, 
is  expressive.  The  other  novelty  was  a 
setting  of  the  Latin  text  of  '  The  Beatitudes,' 
for  baritone  solo,  double  chorus,  orchestra, 
and  organ,  by  Mr.  Edward  Maryon.  The 
influence  both  of  Berlioz  and  Wagner  is 
felt  in  the  music,  and  there  are  excellent 
intentions,  not,  however,  fully  realized. 
The  music  is  full  of  life,  and  has  effective 
moments,  but  the  style  does  not  seem  dig- 
nified enough  for  the  words,  and  is  at  times 
even  inappropriate.  Mr.  Thorpe  Bates,  the 
soloist,  deserves  praise.  The  rendering  of 
the  work  was  on  the  whole  good.  Whatever 
the  value  of  the  two  pieces  named,  Mr. 
Fagge  is  to  be  commended  for  his  determina- 
tion to  produce  novelties.  His  programme 
also  included  the  first  and  second  parts  of 
Mr.  Coleridge-Taylor's  '  Hiawatha  '  and  Mr. 
Holbrooke's  '  The  Bells.' 

The  complete  original  works  of  Liszt, 
under  the  direction  of  the  Franz  Liszt 
Endowment,  are  being  published  by  Messrs. 
Breitkopf  &  Hartel.  The  first  volume  of 
the  Symphonic  Poems,  edited  by  Eugen 
d' Albert,  has  just  appeared.  Other  editors 
will  be  Ferrucio  Busoni,  Felix  Mottl,  Eduard 
Reuss,  Bernhard  Stavenhagen,  August 
Stradal,  Felix  Weingartner,  and  Dr.  Philipp 
Wolf  rum. 

Messrs.  Breitkopf  &  Hartel  have  just 
issued  the  fourth  volume  of  '  Beethoven's 
Leben.'  The  late  Dr.  Deiters  had  collected 
all  (or  nearly  all)  the  material  for  it.  As 
already  announced,  it  has  been  edited  by 
Dr.    Hugo   Riemann. 

M.  Moritz  Moszkowski,  the  Polish  com- 
poser, will  give  an  orchestral  concert  at 
Queen's  Hall  next  Wednesday,  with  a  pro- 
gramme of  his  own  compositions.  His  third 
Orchestral  Suite  will  be  performed  for  the 
first  time. 

Mr.  Archy  Rosenthal  announces  an 
interesting  pianoforte  recital  for  Monday. 
The  programme,  with  one  exception,  consists 
of  works  by  living  pianists.  The  '  Tragic  ' 
Sonata  by  the  late  Edward  MacDowell, 
which  was  in  the  programme,  will  still  be 
given,  and  thus  form  an  interesting  and 
fitting  tribute  to  the  memory  of  the  American 
composer. 

Dr.  Philip  Armes,  who  had  been  for 
over  fifty  years  organist  of  Durham  Cathe- 
dral, died  last  Monday  in  his  seventy-second 
year.  He  was  assistant  organist  to  Dr. 
Hopkins  (brother  of  the  late  Temple 
organist)  at  Rochester  Cathedral.  In  1855 
he  went  to  Chichester  Cathedral,  and  in  the 
following  year  to  Durham,  where  in  1897  he 
was  appointed  Professor  of  Music  at  the 
University.  Ho  composed  several  oratorios, 
anthems,  and  church  services. 

Joachim  possessed  some  rare  autographs  : 
a  Bach  cantata,  Beethoven's  Romance  in  f 
(Op.  50),  Mozart's  Concerto  for  Violin  in  a, 
and   Schubert's    Pianoforte  Trio   in    e   flat. 


All  these,  according  to  Le  Menestrel  of  the 
1st  inst.,  have  been  purchased  by  an  amateur 
residing  in  Vienna. 


Boa. 

m~x. 

Tces. 

Wed. 

Thcrs. 
Fm~ 

SaT. 


PERFORMANCES  NEXT  WEEK. 

Concert,  3.30,  Albert  Hall. 

Sunday  Society  Concert,  3  30,  Queen's  Hall. 

Sunday  league  Concert,  7,  Queen  s  Hall. 

Miss  Edith  M.  Compton's  Vocal  Recital.  3.  Bechstein  Hall. 

Mr.  Archy  Rosenthal's  Pianoforte  Recital,  3,  .Eolian  Hall. 

London  Symphony  Orchest  ral  Concert.  8,  Queen's  Hall. 

Mr.  Emil  Sauer's  Pianoforte  Recital.  3,  Queen's  Hall. 

Mr.  Henry  Gurney's  Vocal  Recital,  8.30.  Bechstein  Hall. 

Madame  Rose  Koenig's  Wagner  Recital,  8.30.  Suffolk  Gallery. 

Mr.  J.  Campbell  Mclnnes's  Vocal  Recital,  8.30.  .Eolian  Hall. 

Royal  Academy  of  Music  Concert,  3,  Queen's  Hall. 

Moszkowski's  Orchestral  Concert,  8,  Queen's  Hall. 

Miss  G.  Pelly's  Violin  Recital,  8.30.  Bechstein  Hall. 

Mr.  Willy  Burmester's  Violin  Recital,  8.15,  Bechstein  Hall. 

Broadwood  Concert.  8.30.  .Eolian  Hall. 

Mr.  Joseph  Holbrooke's  Chamber  Concert,  3,  Salle  Erard. 

Miss  M.  Paice  and  Mr.  P.  Edmonds's  Recital.  3.30,  .Eolian  Hall. 

Electric  Harmonic  Society,  8.  Bechstein  Hall. 

Chappell's  Ballad  Concert.  2.30,  Queen's  Hall. 

Mr.  Marmaduke  Barton's  Pianoforte  Recital,  3,  Bechstein 
Hall. 

Miss  Mara  Hess's  Pianoforte  Recital,  3,  .Eolian  Hall. 

Popular  Concerts  for  Children  and  Young  Students,  3,  Stein- 
way  Hall. 

Brinsmead  Chamber  Concert,  3.15,  Cavendish  Rooms. 

Miss  Dora  Gilpin's  Vocal  Recital,  8.30,  Bechstein  Hall. 


DRAMA 


THE    WEEK. 

Garrick. — The  Woman  of  Kronstadt :  a 
Play  in  Three  Acts.  By  Max  Pemberton 
and  George  Fleming. 
To  say,  as  one  must  of  '  The  Woman  of 
Kronstadt,'  that  its  best  act  comes  first 
is  virtually  to  pronounce  a  verdict  of  con- 
demnation. For  in  a  play  of  this  kind 
the  interest  should  grow  more  intense  as 
the  action  proceeds  ;  the  audience  should 
be  kept  in  a  state  of  breathless  suspense, 
and  have  no  time  to  scrutinize  the  im- 
probabilities which  make  up  the  plot. 
But  Mr.  Pemberton  and  his  colleague 
in  their  dramatization  of  the  former's 
romance  have  not  succeeded  in  getting 
a  continuous  crescendo  or  preventing 
invention  from  flagging.  From  a  theatrical 
point  of  view,  the  idea  with  which  the 
drama  starts  seems  ingenious,  if  incredible, 
and  the  mutual  relations  of  the  three  chief 
characters — the  pretty  English  governess 
wrho  acts  as  a  spy  inside  a  Russian  fortress  ; 
her  Russian  soldier-lover  who  discovers 
her,  to  his  horror,  betraying  his  country's 
secrets  ;  and  the  astute  chief  of  staff  who 
is  set  the  problem  of  rendering  the  spy 
innocuous — hold  out  the  promise  of  inter- 
esting complications.  But  this  is  not 
borne  out.  Mr.  Bourchier,  moreover,  has 
not  improved  the  chances  of  the  play  by 
engaging  for  the  part  of  the  heroine  an 
actress  whose  style  is  too  mature.  Mrs. 
Russ  Whytal's  emotional  force  is  consider- 
able, and  her  voice  has  some  fascinating 
intonations ;  but  she  does  not  at  all 
suggest  that  ingenuousness  which  is  the 
only  condonation  of  the  governess's 
offence.  Of  the  other  principals,  Mr. 
Charles  Bryant  has  but  a  poor  chance 
with  so  wooden  a  character  as  that  of  the 
young  officer,  but  he  puts  plenty  of 
fervour  into  the  love-scenes  ;  while  Mr. 
Titheradge  as  the  chief  of  staff  reveals  a 
real,  though  grim  sense  of  humour. 


Terry's.  —  Rosmersholm.       By      Henrik 

Ibsen. 
1  Rosmersholm  '  wears  remarkably  well. 
However  perverse  the  sophistry  may  seem 
which  prompts  the  two  chief  characters 
to  solve  their  difficulties  by  self-annihila- 
tion, and  however  irritating  the  resort 
to  that  expedient  of  suicide  which  is  no 


2i  1 1 


less     a     convention     than     tin-     "  happy 

ending,"  the  play  remains,  as   its   hit .   i 

London     revival     proves,     both    on    its 

technical  and  spiritual  side,  one  of  the 
most  Interesting  of  Ibsen's  prose-dramas. 
In  none  of  his  other  works  has  he 
employed  with  such  brilliant  success 
what  has  been  called  his  retrospective 
method  ;  throughout  three  acts  he  keeps 
his  audience  intent  upon  the  gradual 
revelation  of  what  has  happened  before 
the  play  begins.  Here,  too,  for  the  first 
time  in  Ibsen's  theatre,  we  are  asked  to 
treat  as  of  minor  importance  the  social 
environment  of  the  story,  and  con- 
centrate our  attention  on  the  drama  that 
is  being  enacted  in  a  man's  and  a  woman's 
soul ;  but  that  drama  is  kept  in  touch 
with  external  facts,  and  is  sufficiently 
illustrated  by  manifestations  of  emotion, 
to  make  a  general  appeal,  despite  the 
inevitable  monotony  of  its  scheme. 

Our  American  cousins,  when  they  wish 
to  imply  that  a  play  cannot  be  spoilt 
by  imperfect  acting,  declare  quaintly  that 
it  is  "  actor-proof."  The  phrase  might 
be  used  of '  Rosmersholm.'  If  there  is  one 
outstanding  feature,  it  is  the  study  of 
Rebecca  West,  one  of  the  subtlest,  yet 
most  full-blooded  of  Ibsen's  heroines — 
a  masterful  woman  who  is  as  relentless 
as  fate  towards  a  rival,  but  loses  all  her 
strength  of  will,  and  unscrupulous  self- 
confidence,  under  the  influence  of  love. 
Now  such  a  character  requires  above  all 
things  personality  in  its  interpreter.  Miss 
Florence  Kahn,  who  has  been  essaying  the 
part  this  week  at  Terry's,  does  not 
possess  personality,  or  convey  the  idea 
of  ruthlessness  and  will-power  ;  a  quiet, 
subdued  voice  and  a  self- repressed  manner 
are  all  she  gives  us,  except  a  few  ebullitions 
of  emotion.  Her  performance  is  a  dis- 
tinct instance  of  under-acting  throughout 
the  play.  She  does  not  even  indicate 
the  hardness  of  the  earlier  Rebecca,  but 
makes  her  consistently  soft  and  gentle. 
Mr.  Eille  Norwood  makes  a  dignified, 
but  apathetic  Rosmer,  and  lets  the  cha- 
racter act  itself.  Mr.  Hignett,  though 
strenuous  as  the  Bohemian  idealist 
Brendel,  does  not  catch  the  humorous 
aspect  of  the  man.  The  best  work  in 
the  revival,  indeed,  comes  from  Mr. 
Fulton  as  Rector  Kroll,  and  from  Mr. 
Gwenn,  who  gives  a  perfect  little  sketch 
of  the  disreputable  journalist  Mortensgore. 


The  English  Stage  of  To-day.  By  Mario 
Borsa.  Translated  and  edited  by  S.  Brin- 
ton.  (John  Lane.) — An  intelligent  Italian's 
opinions  of  the  modern  London  stage  were 
bound  to  be  interesting,  if  only  as  revoaling 
differences  of  national  taste  and  point  of 
view,  and  to  that  extent  Dr.  Borsa's  book 
challenges  attention.  English  playgoers,  for 
instance,  have  become,  through  sheer  despair 
of  any  change,  so  accustomed  to  seeing  theatres 
worked  as  a  business  speculation,  that  it 
should  do  them  good  to  note  the  Doctor's 
indignation  over  our  long-run  systom,  and 
the  general  commercialism  of  our  drama. 
Even  a  policy,  let  alone  an  ideal,  is  the 
exception  rather  than  the  rule  with  the 
London  theatrical  manager  ;  his  procedure 
is  to  give  the  public,  as  he  says,  what  it 
wants,  and  by  an  astute  flattering  of  its 
susceptibilities    and    prejudices,    its    senti- 


'i1  h  i:    ath  i:x  j-:i;m 

iiioiitni^rnL'cniiws  to  Moapa  the  realities  of 

life,  it-  tu>te  for  the  showy  and  ineret  liciouH, 
to  secure  for  himself,   if  possible,  a  fortune. 

Dr.  Bona  ii  quite  righl  irhen  he  maintains 

that  such  a  system  is  almost  fatal  to  the 
prospects  of  worthy  art;  and  lie  is  on  safe 
ground  when  he  protests  against  tho  "  in- 
tellectual apathy"  of  tho  British  public, 
and  complains  that  our  managers'  aesthetic 
enthusiasms  seem  confined  to  tho  scenic 
illustration  of  their  plays  and  tho  porsonal 
comfort  of  thoir  audiences.  But  any  reader 
who  takes  up  this  book  in  the  expectation 
of  finding  in  it  a  sober,  balanced,  scholarly 
appreciation  of  our  stage  as  it  strikes 
a  foreigner  will,  we  fear,  be  sadly  dis- 
appointed. Dr.  Borsa's  chapters  are  the 
merest  journali-m — impressionistic  notes 
in  which  gossip,  personal  or  newspaper  inter- 
views, recollections  of  conversations,  public 
speeches,  criticisms  and  summaries  of  plays, 
casual  and  not  always  accurate  surveys  of 
theatrical  history,  biographies  of  players 
and  playwrights,  &c,  are  thrown  together 
without  much  sense  of  form  or  proportion. 
Some  of  his  judgments  on  plays  have  a 
certain  piquancy  as  revealing  an  attitude 
of  mind  and  a  philosophy  of  life  other  than 
our  own  ;  but  the  bulk  of  his  matter  is 
ephemeral,  while  his  criticism  is  too 
often  marred  by  the  tendency  to  exaggera- 
tion inherent  in  "  impressionism."  For 
example,  it  is  a  little  surprising  to  be  told 
that  "  the  buffoon  may  occasionally  be 
found  on  the  English  stage,  the  brilliant 
comedian  never."  It  is  amusing  to  learn 
that  the  third  act  of  '  The  Gay  Lord  Quex  ' 
is  not  only  the  "  cleverest,"  but  also  the 
"  finest,  most  human,  and  therefore  most 
attractive  piece  of  work  that  Pinero  has 
ever  penned."  Moreover  we  cannot  always 
be  sure  that  Dr.  Borsa  does  not  make  some 
of  his  sweeping  generalizations  on  hearsay. 
Thus  his  main  critical  reference  to  Miss 
Ellen  Terry  runs  as  follows  :  "In  conjunc- 
tion with  Irving,  she  was  an  irresistible 
Portia,  a  sweet  and  gentle  Ophelia,  and  a 
terrible  Lady  Macbeth."  There  is  no  reference 
to  her  Beatrice,  we  observe.  But  mark 
the  epithet  "  terrible "  as  applied  to  her 
Lady  Macbeth  !  Can  Dr.  Borsa  have  seen 
that  performance  ?  and  could  any  one  who 
had  describe  it  in  such  terms  ?  Picturesque 
certainly,  but  "  terrible  "  !  Ellen  Terry  has 
been  the  joy  of  a  generation  of  playgoers  ; 
and  her  high  spirits,  her  April  changes  of 
mood,  her  spontaneity,  must  be  among  their 
most  treasured  memories.  But  we  do  not 
regard  this  past  mistress  of  comedy  as 
terrible. 

To  Correspondents.— E.  H.  B.— W.  L.  M.—  W.  W.— 
H.  H.— O.  V.  D.— Received. 

J.  W.  W.— Better  send  to  '  Notes  &  Queries.' 

No  notice  can  be  taken  of  anonymous  communications. 

We  cannot  undertake  to  reply  to  inquiries  concerning  the 
appearance  of  reviews  of  books. 

INDEX  TO  ADVERTISERS. 

PAOB 

Authors'  Agents       178 

batsi'ord 207 

Bell  &  Sons 204 

Blackwood  &  Sons 987 

Cambridge  University  Press 179 

Catalogues       ITS 

Chapman  &  Hall       906 

Clark      aw 

De  La  More  Press ISO 

Duckworth  &  Co 181 

Educational 177 

Exhibitions 177 

Heinkmann        ISO 

Hurst  &  Blackett 182 

Longmans  <&  Co 180 

Macmii.lan  A  Co 1S2 

Magazines,  &c 179 

Miscellaneous its 

Notes  &  Queries      206 

Richards 1S2 

Sales  hy  Auction 178 

Situations  Vacant 177 

Situations  Wanted 178 

Smith,  Elder  &  Co ..       m       ..  205 

Societies 177 

Type-writers,  &c 178 

Unwin      ..       207 


No.  4100,  Feb.  15,  1908 


MESSRS.   BELL  S 

BOOKS. 


JUST  PUBLISHED,  fcap.  4to,  12*.  i, 

LELANDS      ITINERARY. 

(In  or  about  the  Years  1535-1543). 

X<wlv  Edited  from  tin-  M96 

By    LUCY    TOULMTN    SMITH 

Vol.    II.    Containing    Parts    IV.    and    V. 

With  an  Appendix  of  Extracts  from 

Leland's  Collectanea. 

NOW  READY,  crown  8vo,  6«.  net. 


THE      BLACK 

OF    1348  and 


DEATH 

1349. 


By    the    Right    Rev.    F.    A.   GASQUET,    D.D., 

Abbot  President  of  the  English  Benedictines. 

New  and  Revised  Edition. 

HANDBOOKS  OF  THE  GREAT  MASTERS 

IN  PAINTING  AND  SCULPTURE. 

Cheaper  Reissue,  3s.  6d.  net. 

JUST  PUBLISHED. 

BRUNELLESCHI.    By  Leader  Scott. 

WILKIE.  By  Lord  Ronald  Sutherland  - 

GOWER,  m.a. 

GAUDENZI0  FERRARI.    By  Ethel 

HALSEY'. 

GERARD  D0U.  By  W.  Martin,  Ph.D. 

Translated  by  CLARA  BELL. 

BELL'S  MINIATURE  BIOGRAPHIES. 

Pott  8vo,   each  with  Eight  Illustrations.     Cloth, 

Is.  net  ;  limp  leather,  with  Photogravure 

Frontispiece,    2<*.    net. 

NEW  VOLUMES. 

Painters— 

BOTTICELLI.      By   R.   H.    Hobart 

CUST. 
Musicians— 

GRIEG.    By  E.  Markhani  Lee. 

[Beady  Fehruary  19. 
Illustrated  List  on  application. 

NEW  AND  CHEAPER  REVISED  EDITION. 

TURBINES.     By  W.  H.  Stuart 

GARNETT.       Demy    Svo,     with     numerous 

Illustrations,  5&  net. 
"  We  have  here  a  treatise  which  will  be  appre- 
ciated by  the  engineer,  and  yet  is  easily  under- 
stood by  the  general  reader  ;   a  work  admirably 
compiled,  characterized  by  lucidity  of  expression 

from   cover   to    cover,   and    yet  a   text-book 

should  prove  most  valuable  now  that  the  turbine 
is  being  installed  so  extensively  in  His  Majesty** 
ships  and  in  the  mercantile  marine. " 

Daily  Telegraph. 

EDUCATIONAL    BOOKS. 

Crown  Svo,  Is.  6d. 

ESSENTIALS   OF   FRENCH 

GRAMMAR.  An  Exercise  Book  for  Junior 
Classes.  By  HECTOR  WILSHERE,  M.A. 
Assistant  Master  at  Sydney  Church  of  Eng- 
land Grammar  School. 

Crown  Svo,  Is. 

CHARLES     READ  E.-T  H  E 

CLOISTER   AND    THE    HEARTH. 

Abridged  and  Edited  by  the  Rev.  A.  E.  HALL, 
B.A.,  Assistant  Master,  Bancroft's  School. 
{Bell's  English  Texts  for  Secondary  Schools.) 


London  :    GEORGE   BELL  k   SONS, 
Y'ork  House,  Portugal  Street,  W.C. 


No.  4190,  Feb.  15,  1908 


THE     ATHEN^UM 


205 


SMITH,  ELDER  &  CO.'S  NEW  &  FORTHCOMING  WORKS 

THE     DICTIONARY    OF    NATIONAL     BIOGRAPHY 

AT   ONE-THIKD    OF   THE    ORIGINAL   PRICE,   AND   TO    OCCUPY   ABOUT    ONE-THIRD 
OF    THE    SHELF    SPACE    REQUIRED    BY    THE    ORIGINAL    WORK. 

Messrs.  SMITH,  ELDER  &   00.  have  pleasure  in   announcing  the  publication, 

IN    TWENTY-TWO    VOLUMES, 

Cloth,    gilt    top,     15s.    net    each;     or    in    Half-morocco,    marbled    edges,     21s.    net    each, 

OF  THE 

Dictionary  of  National  Biography. 

Edited   by  LESLIE  STEPHEN   and   SIDNEY  LEE. 

The  Volumes  will  be  identical  with  the  Original  Edition  in  type  and  size  of  page.     Errors  have,  as  far  as  possible, 
been  corrected,  and  some  of  the  Bibliographies  have  been  revised,  but  otherwise  the  Text  remains  unaltered. 

VOLUME  I.     (ABBADBE— BEADON).     Including  a  Statistical  Account  of  the  Work  and  a  New  Postscript, 
Will  be  published  on  MARCH  10,  and  a  Volume  will  be  published  each  succeeding  Month  until  the  completion  of  the  Edition  in  DECEMBER,  1909. 

PROSPECTUS   AND  SPECIMEN   PAGES   POST  FREE   ON   APPLICATION.  


ENGLISH  SOCIAL8SEVI  OF  TO-DAY: 

Its  Teaching  and  its  Aims  Examined. 

By  the  Right  Hon.  H.  O.  ARNOLD-FORSTER,  M.P.    2s.  6d.  net. 
SECOND    EDITION    READY    ON    TUESDAY    NEXT. 
The  World  says  : — "  For  unthinking  persons  who  have  been  glamoured  by  the  Socialist 
mirage,  we  could  wish  for  no  better  '  eye-opener '  than  this  plain,  matter-of-fact,  and 
crushing  exposure  of  the  mischievous  fallacies  and  predatory  aims  of  present-day  Socialism.' 

MY  ALPINE  JUBILEE,  1851-1907. 

By  FREDERIC  HARRISON    Crown  8vo,  3s.  6d.  net. 
The  Daily  Telegraph  says : — "  Mr.  Harrison  has  always  about  him  something  of  an 
Infectious  enthusiasm.     Alike  to  those  who  know  Switzerland  and  to  those  who  do  not  we 
would  cordially  commend  this  very  pleasant  little  volume." ^__ 

LORD  WANTAGE,  V.C.  K.C.B.:  a  Memoir 

By  his  WIFE.     With  8  Portraits  in  Photogravure.     Large  8vo,  10s.   6d.   net. 
SECOND  EDITION  READY  IMMEDIATELY. 
The  Daily  News  says  :— "  A  record  of  a  busy  and  useful  career.    Lady  Wantage  deserves 
hearty  congratulations  for  the  skill  with  which  she  has  put  together  this  interesting 
memoir  of  her  husband." 

THE  SOCIAL  FETICH. 

By  Lady  GROVE.    With  a  Portrait.    Demy  8vo,  5s.   net. 

SECOND   EDITION,   WITH   A   NEW    PREFACE,    NOW    READY. 

The  Nation  says : — "  Full  of  vivacity  and  pleasant  illustration,  and  makes  a  very 
readable  volume." 

BRITISH  SOCIALISM: 

An  Examination  of  its  Doctrines,  Aims, 
and  Practical  Purposes. 

By  J.  ELLIS  BARKER,  Author  of  'Modern  Germany,'  'The  Rise  and  Decline  of 
the  Netherlands,'  &c.     Small  demy  8vo,  10s.  6d.  net.  [February  24. 


IDLEHURST: 


A  Journal  kept  in  the  Country. 

By  JOHN  HALSHAM,  Author  of  '  Lonewood  Corner,'  Ac.    Crown  8vo,  5s.  net. 
NEW    AND    CHEAPER    EDITION.  [February  18. 

The  Saturday  Review,  noticing  the  first  edition,  said  : — "We  know  '  Idlehurst'  very  well, 
and  we  know  sundry  other  bits  of  John  Halsham's  work.  'Idlehurst'  is  one  of  the  most 
beautiful  idylls  in  English." 

NEW    SIX-SHILLING    NOVELS. 
THE  ALIEN  SISTERS. 

By  Mrs.  PERCY  DEARMER,  Author  of  'The  Difficult  Way,"  'The  Orangery:  a 
Comedy  of  Tears,' &c.  [March  3. 

CROSSRIGGS. 

By  MARY  and  JANE  FINDLATER,  Authors  of  'Tales  that  are  Told,'  Ac. 

[Shortlif. 

DAN  RIACH  :  SOCIALIST. 

By  the  Author  of '  Miss  Molly,'  'Ingleheim,'  'The  Great  Reconciler,'  Ac.     [Shortly. 

THE  FLEMINGS. 

By  JESSIE  and  CHARLES  FIELDING  MARSH.  [In  the  preu. 


THE  CRADLE  OF  THE  DEEP. 

By  Sir  FREDERICK  TREVES,  G.C.V.O.  C.B.  LL.D.  F.R.C.S.,  Author  of  'Tale  of 
a  Field  Hospital,'  'The  Other  Side  of  the  Lantern,'  &c.  With  a  Coloured  Frontis- 
piece and  numerous  Half -Tone  Illustrations.    Small  royal  8vo,  12s.  net. 

[In  the  press. 

MEMOIR     OF    FIELD-MARSHAL 
SIR    HENRY    WYLIE    NORMAN, 

G.C.B.  G.C.M.G.  CLE. 

By  Sir  WILLIAM  LEE-WARNER,  K.C.S.I.,  Author  of  'The  Protected  Princes  of 
India,"  Life  of  the  Marquis  of  Dalhousie,  K.T.,'  Ac.  With  Portraits  and  Maps. 
Demy  8vo,  14s.  net.  [In  the  press. 

MEMORIES  OF  MEN  AND  BOOKS. 

By  Rev.  Prof.  ALFRED  JOHN  CHURCH,  M.A.,  Author  of  '  Stories  from  Homer,  Ac.,' 
'Two  Thousand  Years  Ago,'  'Fall  of  Carthage,'  Ac.    Small  demy  8vo,  8s.  6d.  net. 

[In  preparation. 


THE  VICTORIAN  CHANCELLORS. 

VOLUME  II.  By  J.  B.  ATLAY,  Author  of  'Sir  Henry  Wentworth  Acland,  Bart, 
K.C.B.  F.R.S.,  a  Memoir,'  Ac.  With  Portrait  Illustrations.  Demy  8vo,  14s.  net. 
*»*  This  Volume  completes  the  Work.  [In  preparation. 

NEW  VOLUME  OF  THE  "WATERLOO  LIBRARY." 

ADAM  GRIGSON. 

By  Mrs.  HENRY  DE  LA  PASTURE,  Author  of  '  Deborah  of  Tods,'  '  Peter's  Mother, 
Ac.     NEW  EDITION.     Crown  Svo,  3s.  6d.  [Immediately. 


HARDY  ORNAMENTAL  FLOWERING 
TREES   AND   SHRUBS. 


By  A.  D.  WEBSTER,  Author  of  '  Practical  Forestry, 
THIRD  AND  REVISED  EDITION.    3s.  6d.  net. 


'The  Forester's  Diary,'  Ac. 
[In  March. 


ANIMAL   LIFE. 


By  F.  W.  GAMBLE,  D.Sc.  F.R.S.,  Lecturer  in  Zoology,  Victoria  University,  Man- 
chester ;  Editor  of  'Marshall  and  Hurst's  Junior  Course  of  Practical  Zoology.1 
With  a  Coloured  Frontispiece  and  numerous  Line  and  Half-Tone  Illustrations. 
Crown  8vo,  6s.  net.  [In  j>reparation. 


THE    LIFE    AND    LETTERS 
OF     ROBERT     BROWNING. 

By  Mrs.  SUTHERLAND  ORR.  NEW  AND  CHEAPER  EDITION  Edited, 
with  a  Preface  and  an  Appendix  on  the  Portraits,  by  FREDERIC  ('•.  KENTON, 
late  Fellow  of  Magdalen  College,  Oxford.  With  2  Portraits.  Crown  Svo,  7s.  6d. 
not.  [Shortly. 

A  LIFE  OF  WILLIAM  SHAKESPEARE. 


By  SIDNEY   LEE. 
graphical  views,  Ac. 
not. 


Profusely  Illustrated  with  Photogravure!,   Facsimiles.  Topo- 
NEW  AND  CHEAPER  EDITION.     Medium  Svo.  10s.  6d. 

[Shortly. 


London:    SMITH,  ELDER  &  CO.  15,  Waterloo  Place,  S.W. 


206 


Til  E    ATHKNJEUM 


No.  4100,  Feb.  15,  1908 


C 


o  r   n  I   <> 


0    !■' 


I.    ()    N    J)    O    N. 


Tlic   LOUDON    001  HCT    001  St  II.  Iinilrn  a|>|ili<atiuiii  fur    tlic 

'"'m'TEAcllEKof  ART  NEKPLKWOBK and  BUBROIDKHY 
„i  Um  |.i(  CAMDEN  SCHOOL  of  AKT.  DALMKNY 
A\  KN17E.  N  .  for  Two  Attendance,  *  WYrk  (Tharrau  Mornings 
iin.l   Aftami  i"    Allriiihuice   of   itU.ut    ThlM 

II.. ii-     i  ,,n  lnl..t.«  niimt  li.nt-  »  good  knowlr<l|ie  of  licilmi  u 
mil  n«  of  Hi'    Prmctic»J  atda  of  tne  work,  and  must  have  bad 
,  rportcno.  Is  iv  tehlns. 
Applications  ■houM  U-  mink  i<n  thf  Offic-iul  Form,  to  In*  ol>t  J 
loirrlnrr  »  nil  i»ir(ii  ulnri  of  tha  u|>|ioinliiit']it.  from  the  Clerk  of  tbo 
Council.    Education  utli.»-».    Vitloriu    Kiut'unkim-nt,    W.C..    to   wlioin 
ilny  moat  Ik-  returned  «"i  latai  than  I]  .»  m  on  KKHKUAKY  90,  l»08, 
,,. .  ompanlad  bi  i  optM  of  ilire»-  Taatilimwilali  of  raoant  date 
All '"Miiniiin.'iiiii'im  on  the  ■uMeot  ihuhI  he  ludmaad  " Taaohar of 

Art  Needlework  "  and  a  btaml'e.l  addraatad  envelope  nniht  he  eiicloM'tl. 

MISTRESS    of     METHOD    at     the    cl.Al'HAM     DAT 

TRAINING  COLLEGE  f"i    WOMEN,  to  ex nana  work  at 

EASTER,     H«is.    or    ai    MOB    h»    possible    after.      The    BalarJ 

attaching  to  the  jKist  will  commence  at  180f.  a  year,  and  rise, 

lubjoct  to  natisfaetory  service,  bj  annual  Itlci  emeu  tn  of  10/.,  to 

a  maximum  of  9B0L  a  year. 

At'i'lieatioiiK  should   he  made  on   Form   T.S.   Ofi,   to  >«    ohtained 

together  with  iiirl i,  iil.irk  of  the  appointment)  from  the  Clerk  of  the 

Council.  L.c.c.  Education  Offloaa,  Victoria  Kmhankment.  W.C.,  to 

uhi'iu  they  must  he  returned  not  later  than  11  a.m.,  on  M ARCH  9, 

1908.  accompanied  bj  copies  of  three  Testimonials  of  recent  date. 

All  communications  on  the  suhject  must  ho  endorsed  "Mistress  of 
Method,"  and  a  Stamped  and  addressed  envelojw  must  be  enclosed. 

Canvassing  for  poet,  ill  and  18),  either  directly  or  indirectly,  will  be 
held  to  lie  a  ilisi|uiilirj,ati"ii  for  employment. 

Full  particulars  of  appointment,  in  the  Council's  service  arc  given 
in  the  London  County  Council  Gazette,  which  is  published  weekly  and 
can  lie  obtained  from  the  Council's  Publishers,  Messrs.  P.  S.  King  & 
Son.  '.!  and  4.  Great  Smith  Street.  Westminster,  S.W.,  price  (including 
postage)  lid.  an  issue,  or,  for  the  year,  a  prepaid  subscription  of  6«.  6uT 
G.  L.  GOMME,  Clerk  of  the  London  County  Council. 
Education  Offices,  Victoria  Embankment,  W.C. 
February  13,  1908. 


THE    NEW    TALMUD 

Translated   from   the   Original  Text  into  English 

By  Dr.  MICHAEL  L.  RODKINSON 

(The    only    Translation    in    the    World). 

HE    BABYLON    TALMUD    IN    ENGLISH 

AND 

THE   HISTORY   OF  THE  TALMUD. 

Subscriptions  taken   Cash  or  Instalment. 

Prospectus  Fiee. 

THE   NEW  TALMUD  PUBLISHING   CO., 

473,  Colonial  Building,  Boston,  Mass. 


T 


JUST    PUBLISHED. 
Demy  8vo,  636  by  xxiv  pp.,  108.  6d.  net. 

STUDIES  IN  CHRISTIAN  DOCTRINE. 
By  JAMES  DRUMMOND,  MA.  LL.D.  D.Litt. 
(Late  Principal  of  Manchester  College,  Oxford). 
The  Contents  include  the  follmciny :— The  Rights  and  Limitations  of 
the  Intellect— The  Moral  Nature  and  Revelation— The  Religious 
Element  in  Man — The  Bible— The  Church— Primary  Conceptions  of 
.God — The  Doctrine  of  the  Trinity — Agency  and  Attributes  of  God — 
Doctrine  of  Man— Reconciliation— The  Person  of  Christ— The  Work 
of  Christ— Means  of  Grace— Rise  and  Progress  of  Religion  in  the 
Individual. 

PHILIP  GREEN,  5,  Essex  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 

ELEVENTH    EDITION    NOW    READY. 
Price  Two  Shillings  net. 

CELESTIAL    MOTIONS  :    a    Handy    Book    of 
Astronomy.      Eleventh  Edition.      With  5  Plates.      By  W.  T. 
LYNN,  B.A.  F.R.A.S. 
"  Well  known  as  one  of  our  best  introductions  to  astronomy." 

Guardian. 
London : 
SAMUEL  BAGSTER  &  SONS,  Limited,  15.  Paternoster  Row. 

NINTH    EDITION    IN    THE    PRESS. 
Fcap.  8vo,  cloth,  price  Sixpence. 

REMARKABLE  ECLIPSES  :  a  Sketch  of  the 
most  interesting  Circumstances  connected  with  the  Observation 
of  Solar  and  Lunar  Eclipses,  both  in  Ancient  and  Modern  Times.  By 
W.  T.  LYNN,  B.A.  F.R.A.S. 

London : 
SAMUEL  BAGSTER  A  SONS,  Limited,  15.  Paternoster  Row. 

THIRTEENTH  EDITION  JUST  OUT,  price  Sixpence,  cloth. 

REMARKABLE    COMETS  :   a  Brief  Survey  of 
the  most  interesting  Facts  in  the  History  of  C'ometary  Astro- 
nomy.   By  W.  T.  LYNN,  B.A.  F.R.A.S. 
London  : 
SAMUEL  BAGSTER  *  SONS,  Limited.  15.  Paternoster  Row. 

FIFTH  EDITION,  Revised  to  1908,  NOW  READY. 
Fcap.  8vo,  cloth,  price  Sixpence. 

ASTRONOMY    FOR     THE    YOUNG. 
By  W.  T.  LYNN.  B.A.  F.R.A.S. 
"  Nothing  better  of  its  kind  has  ever  appeared."— Enylish  Mechanic. 
London : 
SAMUEL  BAGSTER  4  SONS,  Limited,  15,  Paternoster  Row 


For  Acidity  of  the  Stomach. 
For  Heartburn  and  Headache. 
For  Gout  and  Indigestion. 

■TilNNEFORD'S 

J{  A  G   N   E   S   I   A. 

For  Sour  Eructations  and  Bilious  Affections. 

A  Safe  and  most  effective  Aperient  for 

regular  use. 


NOTES    AND    QUERIES. 

THIS   WEEK'S    NUMBER   CONTAINS— 

NOTES  : — T.'tiiiYsiuii  urn  :     Cleopatra — Mystery   of    Hannah    Lightfoot — Errors,    Typographical    ainl 

Otherwise — Disraeli's    Abyssinian   Speech  —  Shakespeare's    Unnoted    Compliment  to  Elizal>eth 

lienyi  :    its    Pronunciation— "  Molusio,"    a   Ghost-Word— Tin-    "Hated"   in    Politics  — Soup- 
Kitchens— "  Tammany "  :    Origin    of    the    Name— Glosses   of    Middle    English— Initial    L 
instead  of  Words — Ouseley  Family — London   Signs:    "Guy,   Earl  of  Warwick  ' — John  James, 
Architect — Early  Book  Auctions. 

QUERIES  : — Fulton    the   Inventor— Brandenburgh    House    Sale — Authors    Wanted — Fannings   I  : 

Clare — White  Ensign — Burial-Places  of  Eminent  Engineers  — Tower  of  London — Chateaubriand 
on  the  French  Character — Admiral  John  Bazely — "  The  Midwife  Toad  "—Cavaliers  with 
Prince    Rupert—'  Lang    o'    Lea,'    Irish    Song—"  The    Weed  " — Church  appointed    by 

Mayors— French  Regiments  in  English  Pay — Bostock  Coat  of  Arms — Genealogical — "  The 
Clayton  Arms  "— "  Willy  Water." 

REPLIES: — Latin  Pronunciation — "Camelian" — "Cut  his  stick" — 'Lady  of  the  Lake':  Allusions 
— Proclamation  of  Winter — Coleridge  Items — Secret  Languages — "  Vin  gris  "'— Fielding's  Grave 
— Vocabulary  of  Peasant— "  Fide  sed  cui  vide" — "Anon" — The  Treaty  of  Tilsit — "Prize" — 
Wareham,  Dorset — G.  Auld  :   London  Booksellers  and  Publishers. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS  : — Mrs.  Stopes  on  Shakespeare's  Warwickshire  Contemporaries — '  The  Hewsons 
of  Finuge.' 

Booksellers'  Catalogues. 

Notices  to  Correspondents. 


LAST  WEEK'S  NUMBER  CONTAINS— 

NOTES  : — Hazlittiana — London  Statues  and  Memorials — '  The  Bookseller  ' — Thomas  Shakespeare,  High 
Bailiff — King's  '  Classical  and  Foreign  Quotations  ' — Keats,  Cortes,  and  Balboa — Seventeenth- 
Century  Travelling — "  Humming  Ale  " — Perry  :  the  Beverage. 

QUERIES  : — Fabian  Society — Vanden-Bempde  Family — "  What  jrou  but  see  when  you  haven't  a  gun  " 
— Counting  bringing  Ill-Luck — Rogers  on  a  Highland  Fortress — Rings  on  Houses — Col.  Conyers 
Darcye's  Regiment — St.  Austin's  Church  :  Archbishop  Whitgift — '  That  Reminds  Me  ' — ■  The 
Watch  at  the  Sepulchre' — "Truckee" — Powlett  of  Sombourn — Canals  in  Naval  Warfare — 
"  The  Dandy's  Ball " — Paravicini  of  Nottingham — '  Hartly  House,  Calcutta '  :  Allusions — 
"  Petits  Chevaux,"  a  Game — Capt.  Joseph  Wiggins — Charlton  Thruppe — Yale  University  Seal — 
Mayo  of  Poulshot — Hull  Railway  Report. 

REPLIES  :— The  Winston  Shakespeare  Portrait — Mrs,  Julia  Stretton — Vicomte  de  Cremail — Coleridge 
on  '  Christabel ' — Raine  Island — Salarino,  Salanio,  and  Salerio — Cold  Harbour  Lane — Authors 
Wanted — Nonjurors  :  Rev.  Benjamin  Way — Index  of  Place-Names — The  Perreau  Brothers  and 
Mrs.  Rudd — St.  Andrew's  Cross — Name-Puzzle  in  Early  Spenser — The  Minor  Inns  of  Court — 
"  Ecrivez  les  injures" — "Spellicans" — "Parsley  Peel" — .Joseph  Hume's  Ancestry — 'Esmond': 
Slip  of  the  Pen — "Father  of  his  Country" — Rotherhithe— Sir  Henry  Docwra — Casanova  in 
England — "Port  Arms" — Life  in  Bombay — Giffords  of  King  Somborne — Cremation  in  1769 — 
Wentworth  Day — Mince  Pie  and  Plum  Pudding — Crowe  Family — Two  Old  Proverbs — Origin  of 
the  Gordon  Tartan— Motherhood  late  in  Life. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS  :—  The  Oxford  Dictionary—'  The  King  over  the  Water  '—Reviews  and  Magazines. 

Notices  to  Correspondents. 

JOHN  C.  FRANCIS  &  J.  EDWTARD  FRANCIS, 
Notes  and  Queries  Office,  Bream's  Buildings,  Chancery  Lane,  E.C.  ;  and  of  all  Newsagents. 

AUTHORIZED    TO    BE    USED    BY 
BRITISH    SUBJECTS. 


THE      NATIONAL      FLAG, 


BEING 


THE    UNION   JACK. 


COPIES  OF 


NOTES   AND    QUERIES 

FOR  JUNE  30,  1900, 

Can  still  be  had,  Is.  \d.  free  by  post,  containing  an  Account  of  the  Flag,  with 
Coloured  Illustration  according  to  scale. 


JOHN  C.  FRANCIS  and  J.  EDWARD  FRANCIS, 
Notes  and  Queries  Office,  Bream's  Buildings,  Chancery  Lane,  E.C. 


No.  4190,  Feb.  15,  1908 


THE    ATHENAEUM 


207 


SPECIAL    OFFER. 

PUBLICATIONS  of  the  COMMITTEE 

FOR  THE  SURVEY  OF  THE 
MEMORIALS  OF  GREATER  LONDON. 

B.  T.  BATSFORD  has  pleasure  in  announcing 
that  he  has  secured  a  limited  number  of  Copies  of 
these  important  but  little-known  Publications, 
which  he  is  able  to  offer,  for  the  present,  at  the 
Special  Prices  mentioned. 
THE    TRINITY     HOSPITAL     IN     MILE 

END.  An  Object  Lesson  in  National  History.  With 
13  Full-Page  and  Folding  Plates,  comprising  Pen 
Drawings,  Original  Lithographs,  and  Hand-Coloured 
Illustrations.  4to,  paper  covers,  as  issued  1896  (pub. 
11.  Is.  net).  Price  7s.  6d.  net. 

BROMLEY- BY- BOW:    a   Register  of 

the  Historic  and  Beautiful  Landmarks  of  the 
Parish.  With  36  Full-Page  Plates,  from  Photographs 
and  Drawings.  4to,  paper  covers,  as  issued,  1900  (pub. 
11.  Is.  net).  Price  4s.  6d.  net. 

THE  GREAT  HOUSE,  LEYTON.  With 
25  Full-Page  Illustrations.    4to,  paper  covers,  as  issued 

1903  (pub.  11.  Is.  net).  Price  9s.  6d.  net. 

BROOKE  HOUSE,  HACKNEY.  With  9 
Full-Page  Illustrations,  and  a  fine  Etching  of  the 
Courtyard  as  Frontispiece.    4to,  paper  covers  as  issued 

1904  (pub.  15s.  net).  Price  5s.  net. 

THE     CHURCH     OF     ST.     DUNSTAN, 

STEPNEY.  With  8  Full-Page  Illustrations,  and  a 
fine  Etching  of  the  Church  as  Frontispiece.  4to,  paper 
covers  as  issued  1905  (pub.  15s.  net.)  Price5s.net. 

These  finely  produced  Monographs  dealing  with 
the  remains  of  beautiful  or  historic  buildings  in 
Greater  London  are  of  the  greatest  interest  to 
Antiquaries,  Architects,  and  all  lovers  of  Old 
London,  forming,  as  they  do,  complete  and  accurate 
records  of  many  fine  old  buildings  and  landmarks 
around  the  great  city,  rich  in  historical  and  archi- 
tectural interest. 

\*  To  secure  Copies  early  application  should  be 
made,  as  the  small  stock  is  certain  to  be  soon 

exhausted.  

B.  T.  BATSFORD,  95,  High  Holborn,  London. 

VOLUME    I.    NOW    READY. 

To  be  published  in  4  vols,  royal  8vo,  cloth  gilt,  at 
10s.  6d.  per  vol.  net. 

LIVES  OF  THE 
BRITISH    SAINTS. 

The  Saints  of  Wales  and  Corn- 
wall and  such  Irish  Saints  as 
have   Dedications    in    Britain. 

By  S.  BARING-GOULD,  M.A. 

AND 

JOHN  FISHER,  B.D. 

With  Maps  and  Illustrations. 

"  The  introduction  is  a  learned  essay  which  may  be  read 
with  much  pleasure  and  profit." — Spectator. 

"  A  work  monumental  and  scholarly.  The  present  year 
will  be  memorable  in  the  history  of  Welsh  bibliography  as 
that  in  which  the  first  volume  of  a  most  important  work  on 
the  British  Saints  has  been  published."—  Western  Mail. 

"It  is  a  book  to  be  read;  indeed  carefully  studied,  not 
alone  for  its  main  subject,  the  lives  of  the  Saints,  but  also 
for  the  vast  amount  of  other  information  which  has  been 
incidentally  gathered."— Smith  Wales  Daily  News. 

"The  authors  give  us  a  book  on  which  we  feel  we  can 
rely,  not  only  for  our  facts,  and  failing  these,  the  evidence 
that  goes  to  supply  the  absence  of  facts,  but  one  that  is 
well  worth  reading  for  itself  alone— for  its  literary  quality 
and  the  interest  that  surrounds  its  subject." 

Daily  Chronicle. 

"The  authors  certainly  make  an  admirable  start  with 
this  handsome  and  attractive  royal  octavo  volume,  and  we 
can  heartily  congratulate  them  upon  the  outcome  of  their 
extensive  labours. "—Border  Counties  Advertiser. 

"  It  is  a  genuine  attempt  to  treat  the  subject  afresh  and 
exhaustively,  working  from  an  immense  store  of  special 
knowledge  and  special  material."— M anchestcr  Gxw.rd.xan. 


The  present  Subscription  price  of  Two  Guineas 
for  the  Four  Volumes  will  be  raised  after  publica- 
tion of  the  Second  Volume. 

Published  for  the  Honourable  Society  of  Cymmrodorion 

BY 

CHARLES  J.  CLARK,  65,  Chancery  Lane.  W.C. 


One  of  the  most  Remarkably  re- 
viewed Books   of  Recent   Years. 

THE  BLUE  LAGOON. 

BY 

H.  DE  VERE  STACPOOLE, 

Author  of  '  The  Crimson  Azaleas,'  &c. 
SECOND      IMPRESSION.        6s. 

SOME  PRESS  NOTICES. 

Times. — "Picturesque  and  original Full   of 

air  and  light  and  motion." 

Daily  Telegraph. — "A  hauntingly  beautiful 
story." 

Globe. — "Weirdly  imaginative,  remote,  and 
fateful." 

Evening  Standard. — "A  masterpiece It  has 

the  gift  of  the  most  vivid  description  that  makes  a 
scene  live  before  your  eyes." 

Sunday  Tunes. — "A  very  lovely  and  fascinating 
tale,  by  the  side  of  which  '  Paul  and  Virginia ' 
seems  tame  indeed." 

Morning  Leader. — "It  is  a  true  romance,  with 
an  atmosphere  of  true  romance  which  few  but  the 
greatest  writers  achieve." 

Daily  Chronicle. — "Many  able  authors — an  un- 
countable number — have  written  about  the  South 
Sea  Islands,  but  none  that  we  know  has  written  so 
charmingly  as  Mr.  de  Vere  Stacpoole  in  '  The  Blue 
Lagoon.' " 

World. — "It  rarely  falls  to  our  lot  to  be  able — 
and,  indeed,  under  obligation — to  give  a  novel  of 
this  day  such  whole-hearted  commendation  as 
'  The  Blue  Lagoon  '  deserves  from  us." 


T.  FISHER  UNWIN,  London. 


NO.  3. 


NOW  READY. 
THE 


Is.  net. 


INTERNATIONAL 

A  REVIEW  OF  THE  WORLD'S  PROGRESS. 

PRINCIPAL  CONTENTS. 

THE  EXTENT  OF  BRITISH-UNEMPLOY- 
MENT.    By  L.  G.  Chiozza  Money,  M.P. 

THE  BELGIAN  PARLIAMENT  AND  CONGO 
ANNEXATION.     By  Emile  Van  der  Velde. 

THE  CONFLICT  OF  WHITE  AND  NEGRO 
RACES.     By  L.  Haden'Guest. 

CHURCH  AND  STATE  IN  FRANCE:  The 
First  Year  of  Separation.  By  Abbe  Paul 
Naudet. 

PROSPECTS  OF  THE  RUSSIAN  REVOLU- 
TION.    By  George  Khroustaleff. 

THE  FUTURE  OF  SOCIOLOGY.  A  Discussion 
by  leading  Sociologists  of  Europe  and  America. 

THE  POSSIBILITIES  OF  SOCIOLOGY.  By  the 
Editor. 

FRENCH  ART  OF  TO-DAY.  By  Camillc 
Mauclair. 

Correspondents'  Reports  from  all  parts  of  the 
World  on  important  new  movements. 

Note.— A  Specimen  Copy  of  No.  7  of 
the  'INTERNATIONAL' will  be  sent  free  to 
any  reader  of  the  '  Athenceum,'  on  receipt 
of  3d.  for  postage. 

T.  FISHER  UNWIN,  1 ,  AdelpbJ  Terrace,  London. 


THE 

GRAIN    CARRIERS. 

A  Book 
that  all  should  read. 

' ' '  The  Grain  Carriers '  is  a  real  book  from  begin- 
ning to  end.  It  is  impossible  to  read  the  book 
without  a  sense  that  its  motive  power  is  a  passion 
of  unusual  power,  and  an  insight  into  the  moods 
of  the  sea,  which  may  be  compared  with  Mr. 
Conrad's." — Times. 

THE 

GRAIN    CARRIERS. 

By,  ED  WARD  NOBLE, 

Author  of  '  The  Edge  of  Circumstance.' 


"  It  is  an  epic  of  heroism,  with  a  dirge-like  note 
running  through  its  splendid  texture.  In  fact,  the 
story,  while  in  nowise  losing  value  as  a  story,  is  a 
masterly  study  of  its  particular  subject." 

Daily  Chronicle. 

"This  is  a  very  notable  work." — Morning  Leader. 

"An  enthralling  story." — Daily  Graphic. 

"Mr.  Noble  does  for  the  British  grain-carrying 
trade  what  Mr.  Upton  Sinclair  did  for  the  canning 
industry  of  Chicago.  His  literary  weapon  has  a 
finer  flash  and  a  keener  edge,  and  he  wields  it 
with  merciless  vigour  and  skill.  Its  power  and 
brilliancy  and  its  surpassing  interest  are  undeni- 
able. " — Scotsman. 

THE 

GRAIN    CARRIERS. 

A  CURTAIN   OF   CLOUD. 

By  Major  C.  SILLERY. 

6s. 

"It  reminds  one   of  Kipling vigorous   and 

not  unfrequently  humorous." — Tribune. 

A  MODERN  ANTIQUE. 

By    RICCARDO    NOBILI. 

With  Frontispiece.     6s. 

The  romantic  element  of  the  novel  arises  out  of 
the  adventures  of  a  bust  of  a  girl,  by  a  young 
Italian  amateur,  which  gets  into  the  hands  of 
forgers  of  the  antique,  and  leads  to  a  startling 
denouement. 

Crown  8vo,  5s.  net. 

FORTY    SINGING     SEAMEN, 

And  other  Poems. 

By  ALFRED    NOYES, 

Author  of  'Drake:  an  English  Epic,'  'The  Forest 
of  Wild  Thyme,'  '  The  Flower  of  Old  Japan.' 

"Some  of  his  single  poems  stand  out,  aliko  for 
strength  and  grace,  as  the  most  conspicuous 
achievements  of  our  age." — Mr.  W.  L.  Courtney. 

"  Mr.  Alfred  Noyes  is  one  of  those  younger  poets 
of  the  day  whose  work  makes  us  look  with  con- 
fidence to  the  future  of  poetry.  Ho  has  at  once 
the  richness  and  the  daring  of  j'outh,  and  though 
here  and  there  in  rhythm  or  epithet  he  reminds  us 
of  the  great  masters,  he  has  so  markedly  the 
qualities  of  spontaneity  and  individuality  that  ho 
may  he  looked  to  to  carry  on  worthily  the  tradition 
of  our  great  lino  of  singers.  The  '  echoes  '  are  such 
as  wo  must  always  expect  in  the  earlier  work  of 
the  master  of  any  art.  Mr.  Noyes  has  made  him- 
self laureate  of  'our  heritage  the  sea' — is  he  not 
greatly  daring  in  giving  us  a  full  epic  on  the  sub- 
ject of   Drake?— and    in    his  new   volume,    besides 

the  title-poem,  he  has  other  pieoea  inspired  by  this 

peculiarly    national    Bubjeot.       Lyrics,    narrative, 
and  patriotic  poem!  make  up  the  volume." 

Daily  Telegraph. 

WILLIAM  BLACKWOOD  &  SONS, 
Edinburgh  and  London. 


•.MS 


'I1  II  K     AT  II  K\;K  I'  M 


No.  4100,  Feb.  15,  1 


SOME  NEW  BOOKS  FROM  CHAPMAN  &  HALL'S  LIST 

THE    NEWLY    DISCOVERED    WRITINGS    OF    DICKENS. 
PUBLISHED     THIS     DAY. 

MISCELLANEOUS    PAPERS,    PLAYS,    AND   POEMS. 

By   CHARLES    DICKENS. 

With   BO   Illustrations  l»v  CIUIKS1IANK,  E.  X.  WARD,  T.  W.    BROWN,  LOUIS  HAGUE,   PH.    BENOIST,    LEECH,    EUGENE   LAMI,  "PHIZ,"    H.  C.  MACGUIBE, 
IIIUAM  POWER,  STANIIEED,  and  from  Contemporary  Prints  and  Lithographs. 

2  vols,  in  "THE  NATIONAL  EDITION"  of  his  Works. 

NOTE.— These  Volumes  comprise  Volumes  XXXV.  and  XXXVI.  of  the  "  NATIONAL  "  EDITION  OF  DICKENS'S  WORKS  which  is  limited  to  750  Set*,  sold  in  Sets  only.  The 
Miscellaneous  Papers  contained  therein  are  from  the  Examiner,  Household  Words  and  All  the  Year  Hound,  and  have  never  been  included  in  any  collected  edition  of  the  Xovelist's  Work* 
before.  The  majority  of  them  have  only  recently  been  identified  as  the  Work  of  Dickens,  and  are  now  Reprinted  for  the  first  time.  The  Introduction  to  the  Volumes  deals  with  the 
contents  in  general  terms,  gives  authenticity  to  the  discoveries,  and  corrects  errors  made  by  previous  bibliographers,  in  their  research  for  Dickens's  anonymous  contributions  to 
his  own  periodicals. 

A  few  Sets  of  the  "NATIONAL"  EDITION  OF  DICKENS'S  WORKS  are    still  to  be  had.     Applications  for  Prospectuses  should   be  made  at 
once  to  the   Publishers. 


THE    REV.    R.    J.    CAMPBELL'S    NEW    BOOK. 

You  may  net  agree  with  Mr.  Campbell,  but  you  cannot  ignore  him.    lie  has  become  a  force  to  be  reckoned  with  in  every  field  of  social  and  religious  discussion.     His  new  book  is  called 

CHRISTIANITY   AND    THE    SOCIAL    ORDER. 

Crown  8vo,  6s. 
HERE  ARE  A  FEW  TESTIMONIES  TO  ITS  CONSPICUOUS  QUALITIES. 


1.  ITS  PRACTICAL  COMMONSENSE. 

"The  most  practically  important  of  his  books,  the  climax  to  which  the  others 
naturally  lead." — Christian  World. 

"It  is  well  to  have  such  a  treatise  as  this,  written  in  such  scholarly  and  intelligible 
language."— Leeds  Mercury. 

2.  ITS  SINCERITY. 

"  There  is  sincerity,  there  is  a  fine  fearlessness,  there  is  a  passionate  sympathy  with 
the  poor  and  oppressed." — Daily  News. 

"His  personality  gives  it  much  interest,  and  the  piquancy  of  his  style  compels 
attention." — Tribune. 

"  Inspired  by  burning  unselfish  sympathy  for  the  poor." — Daily  Chronicle. 


3.  ITS  SIGNIFICANCE. 

"The  book  is  a  very  remarkable  sign  of  the  times,  and  is  sure  to  arouse  much 
controversy." — Daily  Mail. 

"  Mr.  Campbell  is  rapidly  journeying  to  an  unique  position  amongst  men  ...  A  notable 
and  impressive  document." — Daily  Chronicle.  "  An  amazing  book."— Daily  Express. 

4.  ITS  INTELLECTUAL  BEAUTY. 

"  The  vision  of  Mr.  Campbell  is  an  inspiring  one." — Leed*  Mercury. 

"  When  a  man  dares  to  play  Isaiah  to  an  unimaginative  people  ;  when  he  is  so  bold  as 
to  picture  the  lion  and  the  lamb  lying  down  together,  and  swords  of  competition  beaten 
into  ploughshares  of  collective  helpfulness ;  when  he  turns  his  gaze  to  the  hills  and 
catches  glimpses  of  the  feet  of  those  who  bring  good  tidings— when  a  man  does  all  this,  he 
does  what  our  age  needs,  and  no  crudity  or  excess  of  hopefulness  is  to  be  a  final  charge 
against  him." — Christian  World. 


MESSRS.  CHAPMAN  &  HALL  HAVE  MUCH  PLEASURE  IN  ANNOUNCING  THAT  THEY  HAVE  NOW  READY  A 

SECOND    EDITION    OF 

THE      LITERARY     MANS      BIBLE. 

By  W.  L.  COURTNEY,  M.A.  LL.D.      Demy  8vo,  10«.  M.  net. 

ALL  ORDERS  CAN  NOW  BE  SUPPLIED  BY  ALL  BOOKSELLERS  THROUGHOUT  THE  COUNTRY. 

"  Mr.  Courtney  has  made  his  selection  with  admirable  wisdom  and  restraint.  He  has  brought  to  the  task  scholarship  as  well  as  literary  judgment.  The  result  is  % 
volume  which  lovers  of  literature  will  read  with  joy  and  profit— that  is  the  point !— and  be  glad  to  keep.  The  Bible  itself  actually  gains  in  force  and  value  as  treated  by  Mr. 
Courtney." — Daily  Chronicle. 

NEW    NOVELS    JUST    PUBLISHED. 


NEW    NOVEL    BY    E.    TEMPLE    THURSTON. 
SALLY    BISHOP:    a  Romance.     By  E.  Temple  Thurston,  Author 
of  '  The  Apple  of  Eden,'  '  The  Evolution  of  Katherine,'  &c. 

"  It  is  a  clever  novel,  for  Mr.  Thurston  is  a  clever  man.  He  has  great  powers  of  percep- 
tion. His  occasional  reflections  are  decidedly  pungent,  and  he  has  a  nice  sense  of  character. 
. . .  .Mr.  Thurston  has  not  often  given  us  so  tender  a  note  as  he  has  in  the  delineation  of 
Sally  Bishop."— Mr.  W.  L.  Courtney  in  the  Daily  Telegraph. 

"Mr.  Thurston's  treatment  of  his  theme  is  good— not  unsuggestive  of  Mr.  Hardy 

Sally  herself  is  cleverly  and  sympathetically  portrayed,  and  her  friend  Janet  is  well 
drawn."— Daily  Graphic. 

A  NOVEL    OP    WIT    AND    HUMOUR    BY    REGINALD    TURNER. 
IMPERIAL     BROWN     OF     BRIXTON.      By   Reginald    Turner, 
Author  of  'The  Steeple,'  '  Davroy's  Affairs,'  '  Castles  in  Kensington,'  'Peace  on 
Earth,'  &c. 

"  A  really  good  humorous  novel,  packed  with  clean,  vigorous  fun,  and  always  '  keeping 
on  the  windy  side'  of  taste,  comes  'as  a  boon  and  a  blessing  to  men,'  and  such  a  boon 
Mr.  Reginald  Turner  has  undoubtedly  bestowed  upon  the  literary  public  in  'Imperial 
Brown  of  Brixton.'  For  this  is  a  delightfully  funny  tale,  which  amuses  without  degenerat- 
ing into  absurdity,  and  maintains  its  flow  of  high  spirits  unabated  from  the  first  page  to 
the  last."—  Daily  Telegraph. 

"  Mr.  Turner's  gaiety  disarms  criticism.  His  style  is  polished  and  easy  in  the  extreme  : 
his  touch  is  of  the  lightest,  and  the  whole  book  sparkles  with  wit,  and,  what  is  better, 
humour." — Morning  Leader. 

"  Mr.  Turner  has  written  a  very  amusing  story  with  an  excellent  moral  for  the  tourist 
who  tries  to  be  more  French  than  the  French."— Daily  Mail. 


A    POWERFUL    NOVEL    BY    BENJAMIN    SWIFT. 
THE    DEATH    MAN.     By  Benjamin  Swift,  Author  of  '  Nancy  Noon,' 
'The  Tormentor,'  'Life's  Questionings,'  &c. 

"  It  is  delightfully  clever The  heroi  s  a  public  executioner. . .  .Mr.  Swift  draws  him 

with  more  cleverness  than  Balzac." — Daily  Chronicle. 

"  It  is  a  comfort  to  meet  with  a  novel  written  in  a  sound  and  cultivated  English  style." 

Time*. 
"Those  who  may  hesitate  to  take  up  'The  Death   Man'  on  account  of  any  fear  of 
subsequent  depression  may  be  at  once  assured  that  there  is  as  much  pleasure  as  pain,  as 
much  hope  as  despair,  and  that  the  end  is  a  victory  for  happiness."—  Daily  Graphic. 

"  This  very  striking  book A  novel  of  singular  and  lurid  power." — Observer. 

"A  story  indisputably  of  great  power  and  vigour.... It  may  safely  be  said  that  all 
who  can  appreciate  a  keen  and  searching  analysis  of  character  will  recognize  the  real 
strength  and  high  intellectual  quality  of  this  impressive  study." — Daily  Telegraph. 

A  SENSATIONAL  NOVEL  BY  GELLET  BURGESS. 
THE  WHITE  CAT.     By  Gellet  Burgess.     Author  of  '  The  Lively  City 

o'  Ligg,'  '  A  Little  Sister  of  Destiny,'  Ac. 
"The  story  is  based  on  the  well-known  phenomenon  of  a  dual  personality  ;  for  Joy  is 
sometimes  Edna,  a  very  inferior,  though,  of  course,  equally  beautiful  youim  woman,  who 
is  under  the  hypnotic  influence  of  an  evil-disposed  doctor.  The  love-making  with  Joy. 
the  struggle  with  the  doctor,  the  trouble  with  and  final  dramatic  extinction  of  Edna,  all 
are  detailed  with  a  deft  and  skilful  hand." — Timet. 

"An  extraordinary  plot.  While  it  is  wildly  impossible,  it  holds  one's  interest.  A 
fantastic  nightmare  of  a  tale,  which  one  follows  with  a  kind  of  excited  bewilderment." 

Tribune, 


FORTHCOMING    NOVELS. 


BY    EDEN    PHILLPOTTS. 
THE  HUMAN  BOY   AGAIN.    By  Eden  Philli-otts,  Author  of  '  The 
Whirlwind.'    Illustrated  by  L.  RAVEN-HILL. 

BY    OSWALD    CRAWFURD. 
THE  MYSTERY  OF  MYRTLE  COTTAGE.     By  Oswald  Crawfurd, 
Author  of  '  In  Green  Fields,'  '  The  Revelations  of  Inspector  Morgan,'  <fec. 

BY   RIDGWELL    CULLUM. 
THE  WATCHERS  OF  THE  PLAINS.     A  Story  of  Western  Canada. 
By  RIDGWELL  CULLUM,  Author  of  'The  Devil's  Keg,"  'the  Night  Riders,'  &c. 


IBY"   WILLIAM    HOPE    HODGSON. 

THE    HOUSE    ON    THE    BORDERLAND.      By    William    Hoik 
HODGSON,  Author  of  'The  Boats  of  the  Glen  Carrig,'  &c. 

BY   U.    L.    MORICHINI. 
SEED  ON  STONY  GROUND.    By  U.  L.  Morichim. 


A   plain-spoken  religious  novel,   dealing  critically  with  the  Roman  Church. 
story  lias  had  a  very  great  success  in  Italy. 


The 


London:    CHAPMAN    &    HALL,    Ltd.,    11,   Henrietta   Street,    W.C. 


Editorial  Communications  should  be  addressed  to  "  TI1E  EDITOR"— Advertisements  and  Business  Letters  to  "THE  PUBLISHERS  "—at  the  Office,  Bream's  Buildings.  Chancery  Lane.  EC. 
Published  Weekly  by  JOHN  C.  FRANCIS  and  J.  EDWARD  FRANCIS  at  Breams  Buildings.  Chancery  LaDc.  EC.  and  Printed  by  J.  EDWARD  FRANCIS.  Athenteum  Press,  Bream's  Buildings,  Chancery  Lane,  E.C. 

AgentB  for  Scotland,  Messrs.  BELL  a  BRADFUTE  and  Mr.  JOHN  MENZIES,  Edinburgh.— Saturday,  February  15, 1906. 


THE  ATHENJEUM  / 


Jfaitmal  0f  (Kttglblj  antr  $mi$n  %'iUvatmt,  %ixmtt,  tfyt  JFitu  ^Vris,  JEasit 


rattta* 


No.  4191. 


SATURDAY,   FEBRUARY  22,  1908. 


PRICE    ~~-~  ■-,_ 
THREEPENCE. 

REGISTERED  AS  A  NEWSPAPER. 


^rtrlntont  Institutions. 

THE       BOOKSELLERS'       PROVIDENT 
INSTITUTION. 
President- CHARLES  JAMES  LONGMAN,  Esq. 
Treasurer- WILLI  AM  ELLERBY  GREEN,  Esq. 

CHARLES  AWDRY,  Esq.,  FREDERICK  MACMILLAN.  Esq., 
HENRY  HILL  HODGSON,  Esq.,  ARTHUR  EDWARD  MILES,  Esq. 

The  DIRECTORS  have  much  pleasure  in  announcing  that  the 
ANNUAL  MEETING  of  the  MEMBERS  of  the  INSTITUTION  will 
he  held  at  STATIONERS'  HALL  on  THURSDAY,  March  12  next, 
at  7  p.m. 

The  Meeting  will  be  followed  hy  a  Conversazione,  at  which  the 
Right  Hon.  the  LORD  ALVERSTONE,  the  Lord  Chief  Justice  of 
England,  has  kindly  promised  to  deliver  an  Address. 

Non-Members  of  the  Institution  are  invited  to  be  present.     The 
Concert  will  follow  immediately  after  the  Meeting.    Morning  Dress. 
GEORGE  LARNER,  Secretary. 


GfobiMttons. 


ROYAL     ACADEMY     OF     ARTS. 
WINTER    EXHIBITION. 
Work  by  Old  Masters  and  Deceased  Masters  of  the  British  School, 
including  Special  Collections  of  Pictures  by  Hogarth  and  the  late 
J.  C.  Hook,  R.A. 

Open  from  9  a.m.  to  6  r.u.  Admission  Is.   Catalogue  6d.   Season 
Ticket  5s. 


a    P    A    N    I    S    H 

A  E  T 

ri     A    L    L    E     R    Y, 
50,    CONDUIT    STREET,     LONDON,     W. 

ART    DEALERS    AND    IMPORTERS 
OF    ANTIQUITIES     FROM     SPAIN. 

Antique  Embroideries,  Brocades, 
Velvets,  Persian  Rugs,  Armour, 
Furniture,  Gothic  Pictures, 
China,      Silver,      Enamels,     &c. 

RARE      MUSEUM      OBJECTS. 


(^Durational. 


FRANCES  MARY  BUSS  MEMORIAL 
SCHOLARSHIP. 

A  TRAVELLING  SCHOLARSHIP  of  ml.  will  be  AWARDED  in 
MAY  NEXT,  for  purposes  of  Educational  Study  Abroad,  to  a 
WOMAN  fully  qualified  as  a  Secondary  School  Teacher. 

Candidate!  should  hold  U)  a  University  Degree  or  its  equivalent ; 
(21  a  Certificate  of  Efficiency  as  a  Teacher  ;  (81  have  experience  of  five 
years' Teaching  in  a  Secondary  School ;  (4)  should  undertake  to  carry 
out  a  satisfactory  scheme  of  study  abroad  and  rejiort  thereon. 

Applications,  with  five  copies  of  not  more  than  three  recent 
Testimonials,  to  be  made,  before  APRIL  1,  l!i<W,  to  THE  SECRE- 
TARY, F.M.B.  Memorial  Scholarship.  North  London  Collegiate 
School  for  Girls,  8andall  Koad.  London,  N.W. 


MERCHANT   TAYLORS'   SCHOOL,   Charter- 
house Square,  E.G.— FIVE   ENTRANCE  SCHOLARSHIPS 

for  HOYS  under  1 1                  e  on  June  11, 1908,  will  be  competed  for 
NE30  and  .11  I, V   I,  2.     An  ORDINARY  ENTRANCE   EXA- 
MINATION will   I.-  held  on  APRIL  8,  at  1.30  r.u.— For  particulars 
i  THE  SECRETARY.  

LIBRARY    ASSOCIATION.—  CORRESPOND- 
ENCE     CLASSES. -A    SERIES    of    CORRESPONDENCE 
(  I  L88E8,  .onducted  by  Mr.  W.  S.  C.  RAE.  in  Section  VI.  (1 
Routine!    of    the    Examination    Syllabus,    will    COMMENCE    on 
MARCH  2,   1909.     Full  particulars  relating  to  the  Clai 

to  the  undersigned.— ERNEST  A.  BAKER,  MA. 
hl.ii  .  Honorary  Secretary,  Education  Committee,  'H,  Whitcomb 
Street,  W .('. 

EDUCATION. 
Parents  or  Guardians  desiring  accurate  information  relative  to 
the  CHOICE  of  schools  for  Ho VS  or  GIRLS  or 
tutors  in  England  or  Abroad 
are  invited  to  c;i|]  upon  or  send  fullv  detailed  particulars  to 
MBS8R8   GABBITA8,  TilRINO  a  ■ 
who  for  more  than  thirty  yean  hare  been  closely  in  touch  with  the 
leading  Educational  Establlshmi  nU 

Advice,  free  of  charge,   is  given  by  Mr.   TURING.  Nephew  of  the 
late  Head  Master  of  Uppingham,  30,  Sackville  Street,  London,  W. 


THE     LONDON     HOSPITAL     MEDICAL 
COLLEGE . 

(UNIVERSITY  OF  LONDON.) 
PRELIMINARY  SCIENTIFIC  EXAMINATION. 

Special  arrangements  are  made  to  suit  the  convenience  of  Students 
who  have  just  passed  the  Matriculation  Examination  of  the  University 
of  London,  and  who  are  anxious  to  commence  studying  for  the  above 
Examination  without  loss  of  time. 

Students  Matriculating  in  January  may  thus  enter  at  once  without 
any  break  in  their  Studies,  so  that  they  may  be  able  to  present  them- 
selves for  the  Preliminary  Scientific  Examination  at  the  earliest 
possible  date.  ,  _    . 

Zoology  and  Botany.  By  G.  P.  MUDGE,  A.R.C.S.  F.Z.S.,  and  R.  A. 
BUDDICOM,  B.A.Oxon.  .       , 

Chemistry  and  Physics.  By  HUGH  CANDY,  B.A.  B.Sc.Lond.,  and 
O.  W.  GRIFFITHS,  B.Sc.Lond. 

Fee  for  the  whole  Course,  Ten  Guineas. 

MUNRO  SCOTT,  Warden. 

Turner  Street,  Mile  End,  E. 

EDUCATION  (choice  of  Schools  and  Tutors 
Gratisl.  Prospectuses  of  English  and  Continental  Schools,  and 
of  successful  Army,  Civil  Service,  and  University  Tutors,  sent  (free 
of  charge)  on  receipt  of  requirements  by  GRIFFITHS,  SMITH, 
POWELL  &  SMITH,  School  Agents  (established  1833),  34,  Bedford 
Street,  Strand,  W.C. 


Situations  Uarant. 

rnHE       UNIVERSITY       OF       SHEFFIELD. 

APPOINTMENT  OF  LECTURER  IN  GEOGRAPHY. 
The    COUNCIL   are    about   to  appoint  a  LECTURER   in   GEO- 
GRAPHY.   Applications  to  be  sent  in  by  MARCH  14, 1908.— Further 
particulars  may  be  obtained  from 

W.  M.  GIBBONS,  Registrar. 


u 


NIVERSITY  COLLEGE  OF  SOUTH  WALES 

AND  MONMOUTHSHIRE, 

COLEG  PRIFATHROFAOL  DEHEUDIR  CYMRU  A  MYNWY, 
CAERDYDD. 

The  COUNCIL  of  the  COLLEGE  invites  application  for  the  post  of 
PROFESSOR  of  GREEK,  at  the  annual  Salary  of  350'. 

Further  particulars  may  be  obtained  from  the  undersigned,  to 
whom  applications,  with  Testimonials,  should  be  sent  on  or  before 
SATURDAY,  May  2,  1908. 

J.  AUSTIN  JENKINS,  B.A.,  Registrar. 

February  7,  1908. 

THE   ROYAL  AGRICULTURAL    COLLEGE, 
CIRENCESTER. 
A  NEW   PRINCIPAL  of  the  COLLEGE  is  REQUIRED  at  the 
END  of  the  ENSUING    SUMMER    TERM   in  consequence  of  the 
retirement  from  that  date  of  the  Rev.  J.  B.  McOlellan,  M.A. 

Full  particulars  may  be  obtained  from  E.  B.  HAYGARTH, 
Cirencester,  and  all  applications  must  be  received  by  him  before 
MARCH  1  NEXT. 

pOUNTY    BOROUGH    OF    SUNDERLAND. 

MUNICIPAL    TECHNICAL    COLLEGE. 
The  COUNCIL  are  prepared  to  receive  applications  for  the  position 
of  PRINCIPAL  of  the  above-named  COLLEGE  (the  standard  of  which 
is  that  of  a  University  College),  at  a  Salary  of  5002.  per  annum.    No 
Fees.     The  Person  appointed  will  be  required  to  devote  his  whole 
time  to  the  duties  of  the  Office,  and  to  be  a  Graduate  of  a   British 
University,  prepared  to  take  an  active  part  in  the  Teaching  Work  of 
the  College  in  one  of  the  following  subjects  :— 
Applied  Mathematics. 
Chemistry- 
Electrical  Engineering. 
Mechanical  Engineering. 
Naval  Architecture. 
Physics. 
Canvassing  Members  of  the  Council,  directly  or  indirectly,  until 
after  the  first  selection  by  the  Committee  of  Candidates,  will  disqualify 
the  applicant  on  wdiose  behalf  such  canvassing  shall  have  been  made. 

Applications,  in  writing,  stating  which  Subject  the  Candidate 
proposes  to  teach,  accompanied  by  not  more  than  six  recent 
Original  Testimonials  (which  will  be  returned),  addressed  to  the 
undersigned,  at  the  Town  Hall,  Sunderland,  and  endorsed  "Technical 
College,  Appointment  of  Principal,"  in  the  left-hand  corner  of  the 
envelope,  will  be  received  up  to,  but  not  later  than,  12  noon  on 
MONDAY,  March  23  next. 

FUAS.  M.  BOWEY,  Town  Clerk. 
Towu  Hall,  Sunderland,  February  18, 1003. 

HREWSBURY    SCHOOL    HEAD-MASTER- 

SHIP. 

The  GOVERNING  BODY  irivc  notice  that  the  HEAD-MASTER 
SHIP  of  SHREWSBURY  SCHOOL  will  be  VACANT  at  the  CLOSE  of 

tli.' summer  term.  Candidates,  whoi t  be  Masters  of  Arts  or  of 

equal  or  superior  Degree  in  the  University  of  Oxford  or  of  Cam- 
bridge, are  requested  to  send  in  their  applications,  not  later  than 
MARCH  u.  toW.  M.  HOW,  9,  Swan  Hill,  Shrewsbury,  from  whom 
full  information  with  regard  to  the  post  can  be  obtained.  Bach  appli- 
cant should  state  his  age.  University  distinctions,  and  presenl 
occupation,  ami  should  give  the  Names  and  Addresses  of  persons  to 
whom  reference  may  be  made.     No  Testimonials  should  he  sent. 


s 


HIGH    SCHOOL  FOR  GIRLS. 


WALLASEY 

The  GOVERNING  BODY  of  the  above  school  are  about  to 
proceed  to  the  appointment  of  a  HE  Ah  MISTRESS,  to  take  up  her 
duties,  if  possible,  on  the  EXPIRATION  OF  THE  CURRENT 
TERM,  oi  at  the  latest  In  SEPTEMBER  NEXT,  livery  Candidate 
um-t  be  B  Graduate,  ot  qualified  bv  Examination  to  be  a  Graduate, 
ni  Great  Britain  or  Ireland,  The  Salary  attaching 
to  the  post  is  2001.  per  annum  fixed  stipend,  with  W.  Capitation  Fee 
on  all  Pupils— excepting  those  in  the  Kindergarten  In  respect  oi 
which  the  Capitation  Fee  is  io.«.  The  presenl  number  ol  Scholars  Is 
New  and  considerably  enlarged  Premises  are  now  in  COUTH  Of 
erection. 

Applications,  with  copies  of  three  recent  Testimonials,  to  bi 

before  MARCH  IB  NEXT,  to 

Mi    r    Vr*.  V.  WILson.  Clerk  to  the  Governors. 
9,  Cook  Street,  Liverpool. 


Yearly  Subscription,  free  by  post,  Inland, 
15s.  3d. ;  Foreign,  18s.  Entered  at  the  New 
York  Post  Office  as  Second  Class  matter. 


AHEAD  MASTER  will  be  REQUIRED  NEXT 
TERM  for  the  HEATH  GRAMMAR  SCHOOL,  HALIFAX. 
Salary  .ISO".,  with  House.— Applications,  with  not  more  than  three 
(recent)  Testimonials,  to  be  sent,  not  later  than  MARCH  3.  1908.  to  Mr. 
N.  B.  SPENSER  Chartered  Accountant,  1,  Harrison  Road,  Halifax. 

SECOND-HAND  BOOKSELLERS'  ASSISTANT 
(Junior)  WANTED  by  Messrs.  HENRY  SOTHERAN  &  CO. 
One  with  some  knowledge  of  French,  German,  or  Latin,  together  with 
some  experience  in  Cataloguing,  preferred.— Apply  by  letter  only  to 
E.  M.,  140,  Strand. 


^ititattnna  Mantid. 

SECRETARY.— GENTLEMAN,  with  Literary 
qualifications,  seeks  ENGAGEMENT  as  PRIVATE  SECRE- 
TARY. Honours  Degree  in  Science  at  London  University,  and  seven 
years'  Business  expei-ieuce  in  a  large  Manufactory. — Apply  Box  1350, 
Athenaeum  Press,  13.  Bream's  Buildings,  Chancery  Lane,  E.C. 

TO  PUBLISHERS  and  EDITORS.— UNIVER- 
SITY WOMAN  (Cambridge  Math.  Tripos  and  German  Labora- 
tory), who  has  Written  for  Leading  Papers,  desires  LITERARY 
POST.  Skilled  Precis  Writer  and  Indexer.  Linguist.  Traveller.— 
Box  1349,  Athenaeum  Press,  13,  Bream's  Buildings,  Chancery  Lane,  E.C. 

SECRETARY  (LADY)  requires  RE-ENGAGE- 
MENT.  Shorthand,  Typing,  and  General  Business  Training. 
Excellent  References— Address  Box  1352,  Athenaeum  Press,  13,  Bream's 
Buildings,  Chancery  Lane,  E.C. 

YOUNG  MAN,  with  some  Literary,  Political, 
and  Commercial  Experience,  desires  suitable  PART-TIME 
OCCUPATION.  Speaks  French  and  German.  Moderate  Salary.— 
Box  1351,  Athenaeum  Press,  13,  Bream's  Buildings,  Chancery  Lane,  E.C. 


JHisttUatuoita. 


A 


GERMAN  LANGUAGE.— YOUNG  GENTLE- 
MAN,  wishing  to  perfect  his  knowledge  of  German,  can  be 
RECEIVED  in  PRIVATE  HOUSE,  FRANKFORT-  <>N  -  MAIN. 
Highest  references.  —  For  particulars  apply  R.  W.  RUSBY,  '24, 
Pcrshore  Street,  Birmingham. 

A      LADY,     experienced,     does     RESEARCH 
AVORK,    BRITISH   MUSEUM.— Box  1348,  Athenreurn  Press, 
13,  Bream's  Buildings,  Chancery  Lane,  E.C. 

og-i   —ISLES  OF  GREECE  CRUISE  BY  S.Y. 

C*"''"J"  ARGONAUT.  —  Marseilles,  Corinth.  Eleusis.  Athens, 
Marathon,  Thermopylae,  Troy,  Knossos,  Marseilles.  APRIL  10— 
MAY  4.— SECRETARY,  5,  Endsleigh  Gardens,  Loudon.  N.W. 

U  PAIR.— A  well-educated  FRENCH-SWISS 

GENTLEMAN  (23),  Licencte-cs-Lettres.  good  Musician,  would 
undertake  FRENCH  and  GERMAN  TUITION  or  COMPANION- 
SHIP in  exchange  for  Board-Residence  in  an  English  Family,    Best 

references.— G.  R.,  38,  Beresford  Road,  Highbury,  Loudon,  N. 

EESEARCHES.  —  Lit.  and  Ped.  Copying, 
Indexing,  Tracing,  and  Extracts  made  from  any  Condon 
Records  and  Libraries.— Address  J.  17,  Box  1354,  Athenaeum  Press, 
13,  Bream's  Buildings,  Chancery  Lane,  E.C. 

TO  INVALIDS  and  OTHERS.  —  YOUNG 
GENTLEMAN  desires  ENGAGEMENTS  (Evenings  preferred), 
as  READER  to  the  BLIND  and  INVALIDED.  First-class  Oertifl- 
Gates  for  Elocution.  —  Box  1347,  AthensBUm  Press,  1!.  Bream's 
Buildings,  Chancery  Lane,  E.C. 

FOR     SALE,     COPYRIGHT    of      High  -  Class 
MONTHLY— Apply  Box  1353,   Athenreum   Press,    1:1,    Bream's 
Buildings,  Chancery  Lane,  E.C. 

A  N     AMATEUR     COLLECTOR     desires     to 

A  DISPOSE  of  a  NUMBER  of  FIRST  EDITIONS  and  interesting 
Copies  of  English  Classics.      A    MS.  List  will   be  sent    on    loan    CO   bona 

fide  Buyers.    Each  Item  is  fully  described  and  the  Prices  affixed  very 

low  to  effect  .a  speedy  sale.      F.  H  ER  RERT.  J4.  Great  Tower  Street,  I    l 

ARUNDEL    CHROMOS.  -  -  Large    Number    in 
stock.     Many   rare  ones.     Bead   stamp  for  this   Month's  List 
(giving  Size  and  Shape  ol  i 

SAINT  JUDE'S  DEPOT.  Birmingham. 

PALESTINE     EXPLORATION     FUND 
QUARTERLY   STATEMENTS     WANTED   To   PURCHASE, 
Part  2,  1869;  Parts,  1871:  Jan.,  1872.— Offers  to  CHARLES  HIGHAM 

h  son.  Second  hand  Booksellers,  27a,  Farrlngdon  street.  London.  EC 

EDWARDES    SQUARE,     KENSINGTON 
LADY,  having  larger  House  than  she  requires,  would    LET 

l   N  FURNISHED   ROOM,   suitable  Studio  or  Workroom      One 

oi  Two  Furnished  Bedrooms  also  available,  Sen  ice  optional.— Apply 
Bos  14*.  Horncastle's,  Cheapslde. 


if ypc-(!(!tiitfrs,  &c. 

TYPK  WRITING.— NOVELS,  PL  A  V  S, 
SERMONS,   and  other   MSS.      Accurate  noil       Short    Articles 
by  return  of  post     CarhonOoplei     Duplicating  Cii  I,cgal 

■  o.i.ii  Copying.— For  terms  apply  11.  T.  How.  43,  Page  Btraet, 
Westminster,  8  w. 


10 


T  II  K     ATHKNJEUM 


No.  4191.  Feb.  22,  L908 


THE 

AUTOTYPE  COMPANY, 

74,  NEW  OXFORD  STREET,  LONDON. 

— ♦ — 

REPRODUCTIONS  IN  MONOCHROME  OF 

FAMOUS  WORKS  OF  ART  BY  THE 

AUTOTYPE    PERMANENT    PROCESS. 

Amongst  numerous  Publications  may  be  mentioned 
SELECTIONS    from    THE    NATIONAL 

GALLERY  (London),  THE  WALLACE  COLLECT  [OH 
THE  TATE  GALLERY,  THE  WALKEB  ART  GAL 

I.IKY  (Liverpool). 

DRAWINGS   BY   HOLBEIN,   from    the 

ROYAL  COLLECTION,  Windsor  Castle. 

SELECTED   EXAMPLES  OF    SACRED 

ART  from  various  Collect  ions. 

ETCHINGS   BY  REMBRANDT. 
DRAWINGS   BY  ALBERT   DURER. 
THE  ART  OF  BARTOLOZZI,  Facsimile 

Reproductions  of  One  Hundred  selected  Examples  of 
Engravings  by  this  Master,  2s,  to  3*.  6d.  each. 

PICTURES  from  the   Louyre,  Luxem- 
bourg, Paris. 

Prospectuses  of  above  Issues  will  be  sent  on  application. 

FILL  PARTICULARS    OF    ALL 
THE  COMPANY'S   PUBLICATIONS   ARE   GIVEN  IN 

THE    AUTOTYPE    FINE  ART 
CATALOGUE. 

NOW    HEADY, 

ENLARGED    EDITION,    with    Hundreds    of    Miniature 

Photographs  and  Tint  Blocks  of  Notable  Autotypes. 

For  convenience  of  Reference  the  Publications 

are  arranged  alphabetically  under  Artists'  Names. 

Post  free,  One  Shilling. 


A  Visit  of  Inspection  is  invited  to 
THE  AUTOTYPE  FINE-ART  GALLERY 
74,  NEW  OXFORD  STREET,  LONDON,  W.C. 

TYPE-WRITING  undertaken  by  highly  educated 
Women  (Classical  Tripos ;  Cambridge  Hither  Local ;  Modern 
languages).  Research,  Revision.  Translation.  Shorthand.  Dictation 
Room.-THE  CAMBRIDGE  TYPEWRITING  AGENCY,  10,  Duke 
Street,  Adelphi,  W.C. 

AUTHORS' MSS.,  NOVELS,  STORIES,  PLAYS, 
ESSAYS  TYPEWRITTEN  with  complete  accuracy.  9d\  per 
1,000  words.  Clear  Carbon  Copies  guaranteed.  References  to  well- 
known  Writers.— M.  STUART.  Allendale.  Kymbcrley  Road.  Harrow. 

rilYPE- WRITING,    M.    per    1,000  words.     All 

.1.  kinds  of  MSS.,  Stories,  Plays,  Novels.  Ac.  accurately  TYPED. 
Clear  Carbon  Copies.  3d.  per  1,000.  References  to  well-known  Authors. 
Oxford  Higher  Local.— M.  KING,  24,  Forest  Road,  Kew  Gardens,  S.W. 

TYPE-WRITING.— The  WEST  KENSINGTON 
OFFICES.  Authors'  MSS..  Translations.  &c.  Legal  and  General 
Copying.  Circulars,  &c.  Duplicated.  Usual  terms.  References. 
Established  fifteen  years— SIKES  &  SIKES,  229,  Hammersmith 
Road,  W.     (Private  Address  :  13,  Wolverton  Gardens,  Hammersmith  ) 


©atalogms. 


WOODCUTS.  EARLY  BOOKS.  MSS..  4c. 

LEIGHTON'S  ILLUSTRATED  CATALOGUE, 
Containing  1,050  Facsimiles. 
Thick  8vo,  art  cloth.  25s. ;  half  morocco,  30s. 
Part  XIII.,    Cal-Chrys,   with  164   Facsimiles,  including  Berners's 
FrobaarT,  Cambridge  Bindings,    Capgrave,   IMfi.  Cepio,  1477.    and  a 
large  collection  of  Early  Chronicles.  [Now  %-eady.    Price  2s. 

J.  *  J.  LEIGHTON. 
40,  Brewer  Street,  Golden  8<iuare,  London,  W. 


RAYSON'S    BOOK    COMPENDIUM. 
Contains  Books  of  varied  Character  to  suit  all  tastes.     Includes 
nianv  from  the  dispersed  Libraries  of  the  late  Lord  Brampton,  Lord 
and  "Lady  Warwick,  and  other  eminent  previous  Owners. 
No.  1  now  ready,  post  free  to  applicants. 
R.  RAYSON  (Book  Reporter).  90.  High  Road,  Chiswick,  W. 
Books  on  8pecial  Subjects  quickly  reported. 


M 


A    G    G    S  BROS., 

109.  Strand,  London,  W.C, 

DEALERS  IN  HARE  AND  VALUABLE  BOOKS. 

PRINTS,  AND  AUTOGRAPHS. 

CATALOGUES   sent  poBt  free   to  all   parts   of  the  World. 

Exi>ort  Orders  solicited. 

Telegraphic  and  Cable  Address:  "  Bibliolite,  London." 

Telephone:  "Gerrard  4HH4 ." 


B 


O  O  K 

Largest  Stock  in  London  of 

PUBLISHERS'  REMAINDER  STOCKS. 

All  in  perfectly  New  condition,  as  originally  published,  but  at 

GREATLY  REDUCED  PRICES. 

Catalogues  post  free. 

WILLIAM  GLAISHER.  Remainder  and  Discount  Bookseller, 

266,  High  Holt  orn,  London. 


II.  H.  PEACH, 

i  i         tar,  B 

that.o»liig  tO  ...ntinued    ill  health,  he  to  I  Anti 

quartan  Book  Buslni  is  carried  on  at  I  ho  also.-  tddreas,  and  uki 
opportunity  of  thanking  those  who  through  tb.it  kindness  batnedto 
make  the   Bit  The  Stock,  col  ,nly  of  Early 

Printing,  Boarce  Tra   I 

ii  \-  i;ki:n  PTJBl hased  iiy 

PM.  B    A    11    N    A    K    D,         M.  A. 

t  (formerly  I  Haa*Jl ml  Scholar  of  Christ  >■  College.  Cambridge). 
Hi,  DUDLEY  ROAD  (opposite  the  Opera  Houael. 
Tl 'NBKIDGE  WKI.I.S.   ENGLAND. 
P.  H.  BARNARD  v.  ill  be  glad  to  execute  Oidne  from  any  of  II.  II. 
PEACH'S  CATALOGUES. 

JUST  ISSUED. 

PEACH    CATALOGUE    No.   28.      Manuscripts, 

Incunabula.  Law,   Miscellaneous  Books,  comprising  many  recent 
Purchases  from  Important  Collection*. 

P.  M.  BARNARD  nAS  RECENTLY  IS8CED  :- 

18.  BOOKS     on     KENT  —  Historical    Tracts— 

Americana. 

19.  MISCELLANEOUS  BOOKS,  including  Occult 

and  Old  Science. 

IN  PREPARATION. 

20.  INCUNABULA— Aldine  Press— Bibliography. 

P.  II.  BARNARD  is  prepared  to  undertake  the  formation  of  Libraries 
or  Collections  on  Special  Subjects. 

Special  attention  given  to  INCUNABULA,  EARLY  WOODCUTS,  and 

interesting  out-of-the-way  Books  of  all  sorts. 


E       T       E       R  P       E       N       N, 

27  EBURY  STREET  27 

is  selling 

EARLY  EDITIONS  oi  DICKENS  and  THACKERAY, 

and  FINE  ENGRAVINGS. 


ANCIENT  and  MODERN  COINS.— Collectors 
and  Antiquarians  are  invited  to  apply  to  SPINK  *  SON, 
Limited,  for  Specimen  Copy  (gratis)  of  their  NUMISMATIC  CIRCU- 
L  \H  The  finest  Greek,  Roman,  and  PInglish  Coins  on  View  antl  foi 
Sal- at  Moderate  Prices.— SPINK  &  SON.  Limiteo,  Experts.  Valuers, 
and  Cataloguers,  10.  17,  and  IS,  Piccadilly,  London,  W.  Established 
upwards  of.  a  Century. 

/CATALOGUES  of  CHEAP  OLD  and  MODERN 

\J  SECOND-HAND  BOOKS  (44  pages).  Also  of  Hymnology— 
Early  Editions  of  Wesley  and  Americana— Bells— Epitaphs— Smoking 
—anil  Freemasonry.  Post  free.— H.  W.  BALL,  Barton-on-Humber, 
near  Hull. 

BOOKS.— ALL  OUT-OF-PRINT  and  RARE 
BOOKS  on  any  subject  SUPPLIED.  The  most  expert  Bookfinder 
extant.  Please  state  wants  and  ask  for  CATALOGUE.  I  make  a 
special  feature  of  exchanging  any  Saleable  Books  for  others  selected 
from  my  various  Lists.  Special  List  of  2.000  Books  T  particularly  want 
post  free.— EDW.  BAKER'S  Great  Bookshop,  14-16.  John  Bright  Street, 
Birmingham.  Oscar  Wilde's  Poems,  21s.,  for  log.  M. ;  Harmsworth's 
EncyclopaHlia,  10  vols,  last  edit.,  21s. ;  Who's  Who,  2  vols.  1907.  5j. 

CATALOGUE  No.  48.— Drawings  of  the  Early 
English  School— Turner's  Liber  Studiorum.  and  other  Engravings 
after  Turner— Etchings  by  Turner.  S.  Palmer.  Whistler— Japanese 
Colour-Prints— Fine-Art  Books— Works  by  Ruskin.  Post  free,  Six- 
pence.—WM.  WARD,  2,  Church  Terrace,  Richmond,  Surrey. 

EEADERS  AND  COLLECTORS  should  write 
for  J.  BALDWIN'S  MONTHLY  CATALOGUE  of  SECOND- 
HAND BOOKS,  post  free  on  application.  Genuine  bargains  in  First 
Editions  ami  Scarce  Item".  Books  in  all  Branches  of  Literature. 
No  fancy  prices.— Address  14,  Osborne  Road,  Leyton,  Essex. 


^aUs  b£  JUttion. 


The  Modern    Portion  of  the  Library  of  the  late.  Right  Per. 
JOHN  GOTT',  D.D.,  Lord  Bishop  of  Truro. 

MESSRS.  SOTHEBY,  WILKINSON  &  HODGE 
will  SELL  bv  AUCTION  (bv  order  of  the  Executorl.  at  their 
House  No.  IS,  Wellington  Street.  Strand.  W.C,  on  WEDNESDAY, 
February  26.  at  1  o'clock  precisely.  BOOKS  AND  MANUSCRIPTS, 
including  the  MODERN  PORTION  of  the  LIBRARY  of  the  late 
Rt.  Rev.  JOHN  GOTT.  D.D..  Lord  Bishop  of  Truro,  comprising 
Raffaelle,  Loggie  nel  Vaticano,  with  hand-coloured  plates— II  Vaticano 
Descritoed  fllustrato  da  Erasmo  Pistolesi,  8  vols.,  very  fine  copy— 
Seii-s  of  Plates  to  Cook's  Second  and  Third  Voyages,  en  era  vers' 
proofs— Examples  of  the  Aldine  Press— Fine  Illustrated  Works- 
Books  relating  to  Natural  History,  Architecture.  Antiquities,  fcc— 
Standard  Works,  Poetry.  &c  —other  Properties,  including  Works  relat- 
ing to  Ireland,  Sporting  Books,  including  the  Racing  Calendar.  4c 
May  lie  viewed  two  days  prior.    Catalogues  may  he  had. 

The.  valuable  Collection  of  Greek  Coins,  the  Property  of 
FREDERIC  ANDREW  IXDERWICK,  Esq.,  K.C., 
deceased. 

MESSRS.  SOTHEBY,  WILKINSON  &  HODGE 
will  SELL  bv  AUCTION,  at  their  House.  No.  18,  Wellington 
Street  Strand.  W.C.  on  THURSDAY.  February  27.  and  Following 
Dav  at  1  o'clock  precisely.  GREEK  COINS  in  Gobi  and  Silver,  of 
Ha'lv  Sicily.  Brecon,  Ac.  ;  ROMAN  COINS  of  Consular  and  Imperial 
Issues  in  Gold.  Silver,  and  Bronze;  ANCIENT  BRITISH  and 
ENGLISH  COINS  in  Gold  and  Silver:  ANGLO  GALLIC  and 
FOREIGN  COINS.   Coin  Cabinets,  Books.  Ac,  the  Property  of  the 

Herrn  R N .of  Hambuig.  and   of   the  late    FREDERIC 

ANDREW  1NDERWICK,  Esq..  K.O.,  and  the  COLLECTION  of 
GREEK  ROMAN,  and  ENGLISH  COINS,  Tradesmen's  Tokens  and 
Town  Tokens  of  the  Seventh  Century,  formed  by  Dr.  G.  C.  WILLIAM- 
SON, F.R.N.S. 

May  be  viewed  two  days  prior.    Catalogues  may  be  had.    Illustrated 

Copies,  la.  each, 

Engravings  and  Etchings. 

MESSRS.  SOTHEBY,  WILKINSON  &  HODGE 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION  at  their  House.  No.  IS,  Wellington 
street.  Strand.  W.C  on  FRIDAY.  February  28,  at  l  o'clock  precisely, 
ENGRAVINGS  and  DRAWINGS  including  the  COLLECTION  of 
the  late  B.  J.  STANLEY.  Esq.,  Quantock  bodge,  Bridgwater,  the 
Property  of  the  late  FRANCIS  CHESTER.  Esq..  and  others, 
comprising  Engravings  in  Colours  by  Masters  of  the  English  School- 
Engravings  in  Mezzotint— Line  Engravings— Etching  and  Engravings 
by  the  Ola  Masters— a  Few  Drawings  and  the  countess  of  Harring- 
ton and  Ijnly  Smyth,  the  Pair  printed  in  Colours  after  Sir  Joshua 
Reynolds,  the  Property  of  3.  F.  Nielnnd,  Esq. 

May  be  viowed  two  days  prior.    Catalogues  may  l>e  had. 


The    I  I  1  n>jrarin<js 

.;./   fty   .s.r    WILFRID  LA  Wl 

•     Who  •!•■'!  oi    ;  - 

MESSRS  SOTHEBY, WILKOreOM  I  HODGE 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION  gum 

Street.  Strand.  W.C  on  WEDNESDAY     ':  »mg 

Days,    al    I    i,.  '    the 

1  OLLECTION  i,l  KNGUA\  IV  Mr 
U  111  RID     LAWSON,    I;  .it  .  ol   lira 

J^*.,  now  the  Property   of  and   l*-inK  sola   b)    "fl>  r    ••(   il»r  promt 
i     Hii   WILFRID  law-  ton.  rewnl  1 1 

Vn-mg  Portraits  by  early  Kngluh  Engravers— a  few  Et- lili.f>  and 
logs  by  oh  I  Masters— Mezzotint  and  other  Portiaiu  pnntiiaUly 
by  English  Master,  of  the  Eighteenth  Century,  iu> -hiding  »  large 
nuiulier  from  the  Worka  of  Gainsborough,  I1  '    Itsioolda. 

Boamey,     and     other    celebrated     A  I  'r"''' 

Engravers,    Including   an    extensive   Series    of     the    Worka   of    It 
N  .ol. ml.    many     in    early    states— Books    of    prints— Collections  of 
Engravings  and  Drawings,  mounted  tavsjsjssj 

May  1*  viewed  two  days  prior.     Catalogues  may  be  baa. 

Autograph  Letters  and  lUtdrical  Documents. 

MESSRS.  SOTHEBY,  WILKIN80N  ft  HODGE 
will  HELL  bv  AUCTION,  at  tin  ir  Houfa,   No.  i:i.  Wellington 
Street.    Strand.    W.C.    on    TUESDAY.    March    10,    and    Following 
Hay.     at     1     o'clock     precisely.     AUTOGRAPH      LETTERS 
HISTORICAL    DOCUSiF.NTS.     Including      Holograph     L-ti- 
King  i  hail,  s  I.  and  IIi-iii letta  Maria,  and  Signatures  of  <*l  Elizabeth. 

I.,  Cromwell,  to. — an  extenshe  Correspondence  addressed   to 
Lur.l  Nelson— Autograph  Scores  by  <     Gounod,  and  Li  tU  i-  fronj 
Composers— an  Interesting  Series  of  letters  from  W.  M.  Thackeray  to 
Lady  (then   Mrs.)  James—  Documents  signed   bf   French  Kings  and 
Napoleon  Bonaparte— Albums  of  Autographs,  4c 

May  be  viewed  two  days  prior.    Catalogues  may  be  had. 

Valuable  Topographical  and  hlticellaneous  Books. 

MESSRS.  HODGSON  &  CO.  will  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  at  their  Rooms,  115.  Chancery  Lane,  W.C.  on 
THURSDAY.  February  27.  and  Following  Day.  at  1  o'clock, 
TOPOGRAPHICAL  and  MISCELLANEOUS  BOOKS,  comprising 
several  of  the  chief  County  Histories,  including  Manning  and  Brays 
History  of  8urrey.  3  vols.— Blomefield's  Norfolk,  s  vols.— Lipscomlje's 
Buckinghamshire.  4  vols. —  Hodgson's  Northumberland.  Original 
Edition.  7  vols.— Morants  Essex,  Original  Edition.  2  vols.— Nasb  s 
Worcestershire.  2  vols.— Hutchins's  Dorset,  Beet  Edition.  4  I 
Clutterbuck's    Hertfordshire.    3   vols.  —  Bridges'    Northamptonshire. 

2  vols.— Cussans'  Hertfordshire.  3  vols.— Ormerod's  Cheshire.  3  vols.— 
Bravley's  Surrey.  Large  Pajier.  5  vols—  Hasted's  Kent.  12  vols.— A  Set 
of  the  Associated  Architectural  Societies'  Publications,  1850-1904, 
29  vols,  half-calf,  and  other  Archaeological  and  Antiquarian  Books- 
Butler's  Hudibras.  First  Editions.  .'J  Tola.,  and  other  Books  in  old 
English  Literature— Issues  from  the  Kelmscott  Press,  22  vols— the 
Writings  of  Fitzgerald,  William  Morris.  Swinburne,  and  other  Modern- 
Authors,  many  in  calf  or  morocco  bindings,  4c. 

To  be  viewed,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Collection  of  Engravings  by  Ilollar. 

MESSRS.  HODGSON  &  CO.  will  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  at  their  Rooms.  115.  Chancery  Lane.  We. 
DURING  MARCH,  a  remarkable  COLLECTION  of  ENGRAVINGS 
bv  WENCESLAUS  HOLLAR,  comprising  upwards  of  1,400  separate 
Plates,  many  in  Early  States,  including  the  large  Bird's  eye  View  of 
London,  the'  Royal  Exchange,  View  of  Greenwich,  and  others  Tojo- 
graphical— Historical  and  Naval  Subject*  —  Sets  of  the  Omatus 
Mulierihus  Anglicanus  and  The  Four  Seasons — the  large  Sacramental 
Chalice,  and  other  Rare  Plates. 

Catalogues  are  preparing. 

Rare  Books. 

MESSRS.  HODGSON  &  CO.  will  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  at  their  Rooms.  118,  Chancery  Lane.  W.C.  at  the 
ENDof  MARCH  several  COLLECTIONS  of  RARE  and  VALUABLE 
BOOKS,  comprising  Drayton's  Poems  Lvrick  and  Pastorall  [  inns')— 
Daniel's  Whole  Workes.  1623— Suckling's  Poems,  First  Edition.  1616— 
Goldsmith's  Vicar  of  Wakefield.  First  Edition,  2  vols.,  and  other  Rare 
Books  in  Old  English  Literature— Best  Editions  of  the  Dramatist*  and 
Poets,  many  in  handsome  bindings— First  Editions  of  Keats.  Coleridge. 
Lamb.  &c— a  Set  of  the  Annals  of  Sporting  and  Fancy  Gazette,  v  it  Ii 
the  Rare  Last  Number.  13  vols.— Coloured  Plate  Books  by  Aiken— 
Hulsius.  Collection  of  Voyages.  1599  and  other  Early  Books  relatiug 
to  America. 

Catalogues  are  preparing. 

MESSRS.  CHRISTIE,  MANSON  &  WOODS 
respectfully  give  notice  that  they  will  hold  the  following 
SALES  by  AUCTION  at  their  Great  Rooms.  King  Street.  St.  James's 
Square  :— 

On    MONDAY,    February    24,    at     1    o'clock, 

MODERN  PICTURES  and  DRAWINGS,  the  Property  of  the  late 
T.  M.  WHITEHOl'Sn.  Bag  .  and  others. 

On  WEDNESDAY,  February  26,  at  2  o'clock, 

the  CELLAR  of  WINES  of  Mrs.  ISM  AY,  deceased;  also  Choice 
CIGARS,  the  Property  of  a  GENTLEMAN. 

On  THURSDAY*,  February  27.  and  FRIDAY, 

Fehruarv  28.  at  1  o'clock,  the  BRAIKENKIDGE  COLLECTION  of 
MEDI.EVAL  WORKS  of  ART. 

On    SATURDAY,   February   29,   at   1   o'clock, 

PICTURES  and  DRAWINGS  of  the  late  LORD  YOUNG  and  others. 

On  WEDNESDAY,  March  4.  and  Two  Follow- 
in..  Dava.  at  l  o'clock,  the  highly  important  WU*CTIONof  OM> 

SEVRES  and  DRESDEN  PORCELAIN  formed  by  CHARLES  .lOHN 
DICKINS  Esq  deceased,  late  of  Arkindale.  Putney  Hill.  London. 
S.W. 

On  SATURDAY*,  March  7,  at  1  o'clock,  the 
Ironortanl  COLLECTION  of  MODERN  PICTURES  and  WATER- 
COLOUR  DRAWINGS  of  the  late  R.  E.  TATHAM.  Esq..  and  the 
lateC.  J.  DICKINS.  Esq. 

Valuable  Books. 

MESSRS.  PUTTICK   &  SIMPSON  will  SELL 
by   AUCTION,  at  their  Galleries. ^47^ Leicester  Square    WC. 
EARLY' in    MARCH,    valuable    BOOKS,    Including    a    L1BKAI.\ 

removed  from  Maiden,  comprising  Kirst  Editions  of  Esteemed 
Modern  Authors  —  Works  on  Natural  History- Architecture  and 
the  Pino  Arts— and  well-hound  sets  of  Standard  Authors. 

i  atalogues  in  prei-aration.    ^___ 

Sales  of  .Viscdlaneotis  Property. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  begs  to  announce  that 
SALES  are  held  EVERY  FRIDAY,  at  his  Rooms  SS  King 
Street  Covent  Garden,  London.  W.C,  for  the  disposa I  of  Ml<  KO- 
BCOPfeR  SI. I  HIS  and  O  B.l  ECT1  YES  -  Teles,  -^es-The«lohtes- 
Levels-Electrieal  and  Scientific  Instruments-Cameras.  Lense^  a  d 
all  kinds  of  Photographic  Apparatus-Optical  '  •'>"<'.' "*■  SooaAold 
and  all  Accessories  in  great  variety  by  Best  Makers-Housenola 
Fumiture-ilewellery-and  other  Miscellaneous  Property. 
On  view  Thursday  2  to  5  and  morning  of  Sale. 

For  Magazines,  &c,  see  p.  239. 


Feb.  22,  1908 


THE    ATHENAEUM 


211 


NEW     BOOKS. 

Messrs.  Cassell  &  Company  have  pleasure  in  presenting  a  selection 
of  their  New  Books  which  will  be  published  during  the  Spring. 
Kindly  write  for  their  1908  Spring  List,  which  will  be  sent  post  free. 

Byways    of   Collecting 

By  ETHEL  DEANE,  Editress  of  the  Queen.  This  book  deals  with  the  various  forms 
of  art  collecting.  It  provides  help  for  the  unwary  against  forgers,  of  whom  there  are 
so  many,  and  information  is  given  as  to  the  history  of  the  various  potteries.  Special 
chapters  are  given  to  Prints,  Silver,  Sheffield-Plate,  Glass,  China,  &c.  With  73 
Illustrations.  7s.  Qd.  net. 

Lord  Beaconsfield   and   other 


Tory   Memories 


By  T.  E.  KEBBEL.  The  larger  part  of  this  book  is  made  up  of  talks  with,  and 
reminiscences  of,  Lord  Beaconsfield  ;  but  the  Author  has  a  great  deal  that  is  interesting 
to  say  about  other  Tory  Statesmen.  New  and  Popular  Edition.  With  Portrait 
Frontispiece.  6s.  net. 

The    Philosophy    of    Making    Love 

By  HAROLD  GORST.  To  describe  the  book  one  cannot  do  better  than  to  quote  the 
Author.  "  The  whole  argument,"  he  says,  "  has  been  designed  as  a  protest  against  the 
pernicious  custom  of  reading  immorality  into  everything  that  does  not  spell  marriage." 

5s.  net. 

A  New  Self-Help 

By  ERNEST  A.  BRYANT.  In  this  helpful  and  sympathetic  book  Mr.  Bryant 
attempts  a  survey  of  the  avenues  by  which  success  in  worthy  pursuits  has  been 
achieved,  and  by  which  the  goal  is  still  obtainable.     With  16  Full-Page  Plates.         5s. 

The  Townsman's  Farm 

By  "HOME  COUNTIES."  The  Author  deals  with  everything  relating  to  a  Towns- 
man's Farm.  He  shows  that  a  small  farmer  can  succeed,  and  gives  actual  details  of 
how  a  City  clerk  became  a  small  farmer.  6s.  net. 

Cassell's   A  B  C    of  Gardening 

An  Illustrated  Encyclopedia  of  Practical  Horticulture.  By  WALTER  P.  WRIGHT. 
With  the  increase  in  popularity  of  gardening  a  need  has  arisen  among  amateurs  for 
a  reliable  yet  cheap  guide.  This  book  meets  the  need  admirably,  and  every  amateur 
and  professional  gardener  should  have  it.  3s.  Qd.  net. 

Gardening  for  Women 

By  the  Hon.  FRANCES  WOLSELEY.  A  Practical  Guide  has  long  been  needed  on 
these  lines,  now  that  the  profession  of  Horticulture  as  a  means  of  occupation  for 
women  is  steadily  increasing.  The  Illustrations  comprise  many  of  beautiful  English 
gardens  of  lady  amateur  gardeners.  There  are  also  pictures  of  students  at  work  in 
college  gardens.     With  32  Plates.  5s.  net. 

Familiar   Swiss   Flowers 

By  F.  E.  HULME,  F.L.S.  F.S.A.  This  book  introduces  those  who  turn  over  its 
pages  to  the  many  interesting  and  beautiful  flowers  and  plants  in  Switzerland.  With 
100  Coloured  Plates  from  Original  Drawings  by  the  Author.  7s.  Qd.  net. 

NOW  READY. 

Trees    and    Their    Life    Histories 

By  PERCY  GROOM,  M.A.  D.Sc.  F.L.S.  So  far  as  is  consistent  with  accuracy,  the 
book  is  written  in  non-technical  language,  and  the  introductory  part  supplies  informa- 
tion necessary  to  adapt  it  for  readers  unacquainted  with  botany.  The  Illustrations 
are  a  feature  of  the  hook,  there  being  112  Full-Page  Plates  and  upwards  of  4(M)  other 
Illustrations  from  Photographs  by  HENRY  IRVINC  25a.  net. 


G.  P.  PUTNAM'S  SONS' 

NEW   BOOKS. 


TABULAR    YIEWS    OF    UNIVERSAL 

HISTORY.  A  Series  of  Chronological  Tables,  present- 
ing, in  parallel  columns,  a  record  of  more  noteworthy 
events  in  the  history  of  the  world  from  the  earliest 
times  down  to  1900.  The  Earlier  Tables,  prepared  by 
the  late  G.  P.  PUTNAM,  have  been  continued  to  date, 
on  the  same  general  plan,  by  LYNDS  E.  JONES  and 
SIMEON  STRUNSKY.  New  Edition,  Revised  and 
Enlarged.    8vo,  half-leather,  10s.  Gd.  net. 

THE   LIFE   OF   GOETHE.     By  Albert 

BIELSCHOWSKY.     Authorized  Translation  from  the 
German  by  WILLIAM  A.  COOPER.     Fully  illustrated. 
3  vols.  8vo,  cloth,  15s.  net  each. 
Vol.    I.    FROM    BIRTH    TO    THE    RETURN    FROM 
ITALY. 

Vol.    II.  FROM  THE  ITALIAN  JOURNEY  TO  THE 
WARS  OF  LIBERATION,  1788-1815. 

NEARLY  READY. 
Vol.    III.   FROM  THE   CONGRESS  OF  VIENNA  TO 
THE  POET'S  DEATH,  1815-1S32. 


A     HISTORY     OF     NURSING. 


The 


Evolution  of  the  Methods  of  Care  for  the  Sick  from  the 
Earliest  Times  to  the  Foundation  of  the  First  English 
and  American  Training  Schools  for  Nurses.  By 
LAVINIA  L.  DOCK,  RN.  and  M.  ADELAIDE 
NUTTING,  R.N.  Fully  illustrated.  2  vols.  8vo,  cloth, 
21s.  net 

THE  NORTHERN  ITALIAN  PAINTERS 

OF  THE  RENAISSANCE.  By  BERNHARD  BEREN- 
SON,  Author  of  '  Florentine  Painters  of  the  Renais- 
sance,' '  Central  Italian  Painters  of  the  Renaissance,' 
'  Venetian  Painters  of  the  Renaissance,'  &c.  Illus- 
trated.   Crown  8vo,  cloth  extra,  6s. 

THROUGH    ITALY   WITH    CAR    AND 

CAMERA.  By  DAN  FELLOWES  PLAIT.  With  200 
Illustrations.    8vo,  cloth  extra,  gilt  top,  21s.  net. 

THE     SALON.     A     Study    of    French 

Society  and  Personalities  of  the  Eighteenth  Century. 
By  HELEN  CLERGUE.  Fully  illustrated.  Svo,  cloth 
extra,  gilt  top,  12s.  M.  net. 

THE    HISTORY    OF    PAINTING.      By 

RICHARD  MUTHER,  Ph.D.,  Author  of  'History 
of  Modern  Painting,'  &c.  Translated  from  the  German, 
and  Edited,  with  Critical  Notes,  by  GEORGE  KRIEHN, 
Ph.D.  With  85  Illustrations.  2  vols.  Svo,  cloth  extra, 
gilt  tops,  uncut  edges,  in  box,  21s.  net. 


CASSELL  &  CO.,  Ltd.,  London,  Paris,  New  York,  Toronto,  and  Melbourne. 


AMERICAN  LECTURES  ON  THE  HISTORY  OF 
RELIGIONS. 

7.    RELIGION    OF    THE    YEDA:    the 

Ancient  Religion  of  Veda.  (From  Rig- Veda  to  Upa- 
nishads.)  By  Prof.  MAURICE  BLOOMFIELD.  Svo, 
cloth,  6s. 

THINKING,    FEELING,     DOING.       An 

Introduction  to  Mental  Science.  By  B.  W.  SCK IP- 
TURK,  Ph.D.  M.D.  With  Diagrams.  Crown  Svo, 
cloth,  9s.  net. 

CHARLES    THE    BOLD,    LAST    DUKE 

OF  BURGUNDY,  1433-1477.  By  RUTH  PUTNAM, 
Author  of  '  A  Medieval  Princess,'  Translator  of  Blok's 
'  History  of  the  Netherlands,'  Ac.  Crown  8vo,  cloth 
extra,  6s.  [Heroes  of  NationB  Serb  S. 

SHELBURNE    ESSAYS.     Fifth   Series. 

By  PAUL  ELMER  MORE.     Crown  Svo,  cloth,  6*  net. 

CHRISTIAN  SCIENCE.     Its  Relation  to 

Philosophy,  Science,  and  Religion.  By  LYMAN  P. 
POWELL.     Crown  Svo,  cloth,  5f,  net, 

PRISONERS  OF  CHANCE.     By  Randall 

PAKRISH,  Author  of  'When  Wilderness  was  King,' 


•My  Lady  of  the   North,'   'Beth   Norrell,'   fe 

Illustrations  in  Colour.     Crown  Svo,  clot  li.  Of, 


With 


PRINCESS     NADINE.       By     Christian 

REID.     Crown  svo,  cloth,  6s. 
This  novel  brings  together  a  charming  group  of  women 
and  .in  Interesting  company  of  men,  most  of  them  belonging 
to  the  great  world  of  rank  or  the  brilliant  world  of  fashion. 


NEW  LIST  NOW  READY. 


24,  BEDFORD  STREET,  LONDON,  W.G, 
and  NEW  YORK. 


219 


Til  E     ATJIKNiEUM 


No.  1101,  Feb.  22,  19u« 


FROM 


WELLS    GARDNER, 
DARTON  &  CO.'S  LIST. 


TOWERS    AND    SPIRES. 

Their  Design  and  Arrangement. 

By  the  Rev.  E.  TYRRELL  GREEN,  M.A., 

Lecturer  in  Architecture  at  St.  David's  College, 
Lampeter. 

With  129  Illustrations  from  Pen-and-ink  Drawings 
by  the  Author  and  2  Maps. 

Royal  8vo,  cloth  hoards,  10s.  6c?. 

"  Many  men   not  professionally  interested  will 

take  a  pleasure  in  reading  this  hook a  valuahle 

.systematic   account   of   the   various   styles the 

details  happily  reproduced  in  the  illustrations." 

Scotsman. 

ELLICE  HOPKINS :  a  Memoir. 

By  ROSA  M.  BARRATT. 

With  Introduction  hy  the  Rev.  Canon  H. 
SCOTT  HOLLAND. 

With  Portrait.     Crown  Svo,  cloth  hoards,  3s.  6d. 

"Of    Miss    Hopkins's  power  Bishop   Lightfoot 
said  :   '  She  is  the  ablest  woman  I  have  ever  met.' 

This  memoir  should  he  a  source  of  inspiration 

to  thousands." — Church  Times. 

SALT    AND    SINCERITY. 

From  '  Letters  to  Belinda.' 

By  ARTHUR  L.  HUMPHREYS  ("  Arthur 

Pendenys  "). 

Crown  8vo,  cloth,  3>.  (id.  net. 

A  NEW  AND  ORIGINAL  BOOK   FOR   CHIL- 
DRENBYTHEAUTHOROF'MRS.GREEN.'&c. 

OTHERLAND. 

By  EVELYNE  E.  RYND, 

Author  of  '  Mrs.  Green.' 

With     numerous     Illustrations     by      DOROTHY 
FURNISS. 

Demy  Svo,  printed  on  superfine  paper,  fancy  art 
linen  boards,  3s.  dd. 

"  A  book  of  quite  exceptional  merit. "^Guardian. 
SECOND  EDITION  NOW  READY. 

WHY  WHY  AND  TOM  CAT. 

By  "BROWN  LTNNET." 

With  numerous  Illustrations  by  GORDON 
BROWNE.     Demy  Svo,  cloth,  3e.  M. 

"  These  journey ings  of '  Why- Why  and  Tom-Cat ' 
arc  described  with  an  originality  and  imagination 
which  make  the  book  charming— even  to  grown- 
ups."— Wvrld. 

"A  real  children's  hook  for  children  of  the  best 
kind." — Moriiimj  Leadt  r. 


MESSRS.  LONGMANS  &  CO.'S  LIST 

THE  KING  OVER  THE  WATER.  By  A.  Shield  and  Andrew  Lang. 

With  4  Portraits  and  |  other  Illustrations.     Svo,  LSs.  net. 
"This  is  the  most   authoritative   work   00   the   exiled    King   which   haa  yet   l>een  published.      'I 

authors  have  delved  in  many  quarters,  and  sxoepl  the  la1  to  have  searched  • 

known  Bouroe  of  information.     The  yield  is  a  volume  of  much  historical  erudition Mr.  Lang  and 

Miss  Shield  have,  indeed,  performed  a  valuable  service  to  history."-    Morning  J  ■ 


MRS.  FITZHERBERT  AND  GEORGE  IV.    By  W.   H.   Wilkins. 

NEW  AND  CHEAPER  EDITION  IN  ONE  VOLUME.     With  a  Photogravure  Reproduction 
of  Romney's  Portrait  of  Mrs.  Fit/.herbert  and  16"  other  Portraits,  &c.     Svo,  12a.  (id.  net. 

"Mr.  Wilkins  has  performed  a  delicate  task  with  good  taste  and  good  sense,  and  lias  prodi. 
what  is  not  only  a  volume  of  entertaining  gossip,  but  a  solid  contribution  to  the  history  of  the  epoch.'1 

S],'.  tator. 

WORK    AND    WAGES:      in    Continuation    of   Lord    Brassey's 

'  Work  and  Wages,' and  'Foreign  Work  and  English   Wages.' 
Vol.   II.    ;  WAGES   AND  EMPLOYMENT.'     By  SYDNEY  J.    CHAPMAN,    M.A.,    Prof. 

of  Political  Economy  and  Dean  of  the  Faculty  of  Commerce  in  the  University  of  Manchester. 

With  an  Introduction  by  Lord  BRASSEY,  G.C.B.  D.C.L.  LL.D.     Medium  8vo,  10«.  (id.  net. 
This  work  deals  with  trade  union  organization,  trade  union  policies,  unemployment  and  methods 
of  dealing  with  it,  methods  of  industrial  peace,  and  workmen's  insurance. 

THE    SILVER    LIBRARY -Nkw  Volitme. 

A  WINTER  PILGRIMAGE  :  being  an  Account  of  Travels  through 

Palestine,  Italy,  and   the  Island  of  Cvprus,   accomplished  in  the   Year    1900.     Bv  H.   RIDER 
HAGGARD.     With  31  Illustrations.    'CHEAPER  REISSUE.     Crown  Svo,  3s.  (id'. 


TEXT-BOOKS    OF    PHYSICAL    CHEMISTRY.-mo  NEW  VOLUMES. 

Edited  by  Sir  WILLIAM  RAMSAY',  K.C.B.  F.R.S. 

THERMOCHEMISTRY.     By  Julius   Thomsen,  Emeritus  Profes 

of  Chemistry  in  the  University  of  Copenhagen.      Translated  by  KATHARINE   A.   BURKE, 
B.Sc.  (Lond.).     Crown  Svo,  9a. 

STOICHIOMETRY.      By  Sydney  Young,  D.Sc.  F.R.S.,  Professor  of 

Chemistry  in  the  University  of  Dublin.     With  S8  Figures  in  the  Text, 
Together   with  an   INTRODUCTION   TO   THE   STUDY  OF  PHYSICAL   CHEMISTRY.     By 
Sir  WILLIAM  RAMSAY,  K.C.B.  F.R.S.     Crown  Svo,  7s.  6d. 

A  VOLUME  THAT  IS  FAR  MORE  FASCINATING  THAN  MOST  STORIES 
OF  A DI/ENTU RE.— Globe. 

MARSHAL    TURENNE. 

By  the  Author  of  '  A  LIFE    OF    SIR    KENELM    DIGBY,'   fcc. 

With  an  Introduction  by  Brigadier-!  lenoral  FRANCIS  LLOYD,  C.B.  D.S.O. 
With  numerous  Illustrations,  Svo,  12s.  6</.  net. 


London  :   WELLS  GARDNER,  DARTON  &  CO., 
Ltd.,  3,  Paternoster  Buildings,  E.C. 


JOURNAL  OF  THE  UNITED  SERVICE 
INSTITUTION. 

"The  book  is  well  written,  and  Napoleon's 
comments  on  Turenne's  operations  form  one  of  its 
most  interesting  features." 

DAILY  CHRONICLE. 

"  A  spirited  and  racy  narrative,  brightened  by 
innumerable  anecdotes." 

BROAD  ARROW. 

"  We  can  most  sincerely  say  that  no  modern 
life  of  Turonne  with  which  we  are  acquainted 
equals  the  present  one  in  appreciation,  fulness  of 
well-authenticated  detail  and  anecdote,  and 
attractiveness  of  portraiture." 

ARMY  AND  NAVY  GAZETTE. 

"  It  is  gratifying  that  wo  have  now  a  biography 
of  such  a  man  worthy  of  its  suhj, 


EVENING  STANDARD. 

"An   enticing   and   informing   addition   to   the 
literature  concerning  the  great  marshal." 

UNITED  SERVICE  MAGAZINE. 

"  This  delightful  biography the  soldier  who 

finds  himself  unable  to  gain  valuable  instruction 
from  it  will  thereby  be  self-convicted  of  stupidity. 

The  writer  of  this  too  brief  notice  cannot  call  t  > 

mind  any  military  biography  which  he  has  read 
with  greater  pleasure  or  profit,  from  the  first  word 
to  the  last." 

SATURDAY  REVIEW. 

"  Exactly   the   kind   of    literature    our    young 
officers  should  read,  and  for  this  reason  especially 

we  welcome  the  appearance  of  this    book The 

ss  abound  in aneodotes,  many  of  them  humorous 

and    entertaining The  book  is  most  I 

more  akin,  however,  to  htllcs-ltttrta  than  to 
Napier  or  Maxwell." 


LONGMANS,  GREEN  &  CO.  39,  Paternoster  Row,  London,  E.C. 


No.  4191,  Feb.  22,  1908 


THE     ATHENAEUM 


213 


MESSRS.   METHUEN'S   NEW    BOOKS. 


Please  write  at  once  to  Messrs.  METHUEN  for  their  LIST  of  NEW  BOOKS.    It  is  well  illustrated  and  very  interesting. 

LIST  of  NEW  NOVELS. 

THE    WORKS    OF    OSCAR    WILDE. 


Send  also  for  their 


Messrs.  METHUEN  have  much  pleasure  in  announcing  that  they  began,  on  February  13,  the  publication,  in  Twelve  Volumes,  of  a  Uniform  Edition  of  the  Works  of  Oscar  Wilde. 
The  books  are  reprinted  from  the  latest  editions  issued  under  the  superinterdence  of  the  Author,  and  in  many  cases  they  contain  his  last  corrections.  They  are  published  by  authority 
of  his  Literary  Executor.  THE  DUCHESS  OF  PADUA  is  a  New  Play,  and  the  other  Books  have  been  out  of  print  for  some  years,  and  are  now  praotically'unobtainable.  The  Edition 
is  limited  to  1,000  Copies  for  Great  Britain  and  America,  and  is  printed  on  Hand-made  Paper,  demy  8vo.  The  price  of  each  volume  is  12s.  6d.  net.  There  is  also  an  Edition,  limited  to 
80  Copies,  for  Great  Britain  and  America,  on  Japanese  vellum,  42s.  net  each  Volume.  The  binding  is  by  G.  C.  Kicketts.   The  whole  Edition  will  be  soon  sold.    The  first  Six  Volumes  are  :— 


THE    DUCHESS  OF   PADUA. 

A  long  play  hitherto  unpublished. 

SALOME,   AND   OTHER   PLAYS. 

This  volume  includes  a  lately  discovered  play,  '  A  Florentine  Tragedy,'  and  '  Vera,'  an 
early  work.     '  Salome '  is  in  the  original  French. 


LADY   WINDERMERE'S   FAN. 

A  WOMAN   OF   NO  IMPORTANCE. 

AN    IDEAL   HUSBAND. 

THE   IMPORTANCE   OF   BEING   EARNEST. 


ON  NOTHING  AND  KINDRED  SUBJECTS.     By  Hilaike  Belloc,  M.P.     Fcap.  8vo,  5s. 

The  Essays  in  this  book  are  concerned  with  Nothing,  and  though  it  is  impossible  that  they  should  exhaust  such  a  subject,  they  consider  many  of  its  aspects,  especially  as  they  ."re 
to  be  discovered  in  travel  and  in  the  observation  of  men.  They  deal  with  the  Loss  of  Youth,  of  Manuscripts,  with  Death,  with  the  Sufferings  of  the  Rich,  the  Love  of  Dogs,  Winged 
Horses,  Fools,  Politicians,  and  the  Art  of  Coming  to  an  End. 

THE  FIRST  DUKE  OF  BUCKINGHAM,  AND  SOME  MEN  AND   WOMEN   OF   THE   STUART 

COURT.     By  PHILIP  GIBBS.     With  many  Illustrations.     Demy  8vo,  15s.  net. 

THE  THIRTEEN  COLONIES  OF  NORTH  AMERICA.      By  Reginald  W.   Jeffery,   M.A.     With  8 

Illustrations  and  a  Map.     Demy  8vo,  7s.  Qd.  net. 

FUNCTIONAL    NERVE   DISEASES.      By  A.  T.  Scbopield,  M.D.,  Hon.  Phys.  Freidenheim  Hospital. 

With  3  Diagrams.     Demy  8vo,  7s.  6d.  net.  [The  Neiv  Library  of  Medicine. 

RICHARD    KENNOWAY   AND   HIS   FRIENDS.     By  Katherine  Steuart.     A  Sequel  to  <  By  Allan 

Water.'     Demy  8vo,  7s.  Qd.  net. 

MY  MEMOIRS.    By  Alexandre  Dumas.  Translated  by  E.  M.  Waller.  With  Frontispieces  in  Photogravure. 

In  6  volumes.     Crown  8vo,  6s.  each.     Volume  III. 

FLOWER    0'    THE    ORANGE,    and    other    Tales.      By    Agnes    and    Egerton    Castle,    Authors    of 

'  Incomparable  Bellairs,'  '  Rose  of  the  World,'  &c.     With  a  Frontispiece  in  Colour  by  A.  H.  BUCKLAND.     Crown  8vo,  6s. 
The  demand  for  this  book  has  been  so  great  that  the  First  and  Second  Editions  were  exhausted  before  publication  and  a  Third  Edition  is  now  in  the  Press. 

THE  BAD  TIMES.     A  Novel.     By  George  A.  Birmingham.     Crown  8vo,  6s. 


EARLY  WOODCUT  INITIALS.     Containing  over    1,300  Repro- 

ductions  of  Pictorial  Letters  of  the  Fifteenth  and  Sixteenth  Centuries.    By  ObCAH 
JENNINGS.  M.D.,  Member  of  the  Bibliographical  Society.     Demy  4to,  21s.  net. 
The  first  serious  attempt  that  has  been  made   to  reproduce  the  ornamental   initial 

letters  with  which  the  best  printers  of  Germany,  Italy,  Switzerland,  Prance,  and  Spain 

beautified  their  books. 

A  WOMAN'S  TREK  FROM  THE  CAPE  TO  CAIRO.     By  Mary 

HALL.     With  64  Illustrations  and  2  Maps.     Demy  8vo,  16s.  net. 
"A  model  of  what  travellers'  tales  should  be." — Pall  Mall  Gazette. 

THE    COMPLETE    MOUNTAINEER.      By    G.    D.    Abraham. 

With  over  70  Illustrations.    Demy  8vo,  15s.  net. 

"  The  title,  of  this  book  is  no  exaggeration.  To  climbers  of  all  kinds  and  conditions  it 
will  be  all  but  indispensable." — Morning  Lender. 

"Mountaineers  have  looked  out  for  this  book,  the  work  of  a  most  excellent  rock- 
climber,  a  competent  man  on  ice  and  snow,  and  one  of  the  most  successful  of  mountain 
photographers." — Manchester  Guardian. 

THE   LIFE   OF   NAPOLEON   BONAPARTE.     By  S.    Baring- 

GOULD.     With  over  l.'iO  Illustrations  and  a  Photogravure  Frontispiece.    Royal  8vo, 
ltte.  nd.  net. 
This  is  an  Abridged  and  Cheaper  Edition  of  the  magnificent     Life  of  Napoleon  '  issued 
several  years  ago. 

"Taken  as  a  whole,  we  do  not  hesitate  to  say  that  this  combined  product  of  narrative 
writing  and  art  will  give  the  English  reader  a  clearer  and  more  complete  idea  of  the 
complicated  and  colossal  personality  of  Napoleon  than  it  is  possible  to  gather  from  any 
other  work  of  equal  extent."—  M.  James's  Budget. 

FLORENCE     AND     NORTHERN     TUSCANY.       By    Edward 

HUTTON.  Author  of  '  The  Cities  of  Umbria.'     With  32  Illustrations,  of  which  lOaie 
in  Colour  by  WILLIAM  PARKINSON.     Crown  Svo,  6s. 
"The    pictures— some    of    them    charming    sketches — heighten    the    appeal    of    an 
attractive  and  well-written  book." — Standard. 

"The  artistic  criticism  is  its  most  valuable,  as  it  is  certainly  not  its  least  charming, 
characteristic." — Daily  News. 

"  Every  page  bears  witness  to  Mr.  Hutton's  knowledge  and  love  of  Italy." 

Morning  Leader. 

GEORGE    MEREDITH  :      NOVELIST,    POET,    REFORMER. 

By  MAY  STL'KGK  HENDERSON.  With  a  Portrait.  Crown  8vo,  6*. 
A  careful  study  of  Meredith's  work  as  Novelist,  poet,  critic,  and  essayist. 
"  A  titie  and  stimulating  book  for  those  who  love  the  great  man." 

Manchester  Guardian. 
"  Of  all  Mr.  Meredith's  expositors,  none  has  been  more  admirably  dispassionate  and 
earnest  and  large  minded  than  Mrs.  Stnrge  Henderson." — Daily  Mail. 

THE    CRIMES    OF    BRINYILLIERS    AND    OTHERS.      By 

ALKXANDHK  DUMAS.     Illustrated.     Crown  8vo,  6». 

THE  GENTLEST  ART.     An  Anthology  of  Entertaining  Letters. 

By  E.  V.  LUCAS.     Fourth  Edition.     Feap.  Hvo,  B*. 
"The  '  Gentlest  Art  '  i-i,  of  course,  the  art  of  letter-writing.     Mr.   Lucas  is  himself  an 
expert  in  this  braiieh  oi  letters,  and  be  has  the  true  spirit  oi   the  anthologist,  a  good  eye 
for  colour,  a  delicate  palate  for  taste,  a  good  nose  for  perfume,  and,  above  all,  a  keen  sense 
Oi  quiet  humour.     A  charming,  graceful  book." — Daily  Telegraph. 

INSTRUCTION    IN    COOKERY.     By    Miss    A.    P.    Thompson, 

Instructress   to   the   London   County   Council.     With    10   Illustrations,   crown    8vo, 
2s.  fW.  [Text-Hooks  of  Technology. 


FICTION. 

THE  LADY  OF  THE    BARGE.      By  W.  W.  Jacobs.     A  New 

Edition.     Crown  Svo,  3s.  6d. 
This  volume,  uniform  with  Mr.  Jacobs's  other  famous  books,  has  been  transferred  to 
Messrs.  Methuen. 

THE    SCOURGE.      By   Warrington   Dawson,  Author  of    'The 

Scar.'    Crown  8vo,  6s. 
"  The  story  is  largely  and  finely  conceived."—  Times. 

"  Mr.  Dawson  shows  us  a  picture  of  Virginian  life  which  for  breadth  of  composition, 
finished  detail,  and.firm,  delicate  workmanship,  could  hardly  bo  bettered.  The  handling  is 
fresh  and  masterly."   This  is  a  well-written,  uncommon,  and  even  distinguished  novel." 

Morning  Leader. 

A    SHEAF    OF    CORN.      By  Mary   E.  Mann,   Author  of  •  The 

Sheep  and  the  Goats.'    Crown  8vo,  6s. 
Stories  of  town  and  country,  of  grave  and  gay,  of  rich  and  poor,  of  natural  and  super- 
natural. 

"The  art  of  them  is  well-nigh  flawless.  Each  one  secures  its  full  effect;  they  begin 
with  sufficient  clearness  and  interest,  they  end  with  the  most  finished  suggest  iveuess." 

Morning  Leader. 
"They  are  dramas  in  miniature." —  Seotsnutn. 

"  Mrs.  Mann  has  the  art  intimately  and  sin  erely  to  write  of  the  life  of  the  very  poor 
without  alienating  sympathy."—  Manchester  Guardian. 

THE  MAGISTRATE'S  OWN  CASE. 

Crown  8vo,  6s. 
"  A  study  in  criminal  investigation  of  considerable  originality  and  constructive  skill." 

Times. 
"The  plot  is  full  of  ingenious  surprises,   and  the  book   is  altogether  likely   to   be 
popular."—  Daily  Neu-s. 

MAN     AND    THE    CASSOCK.      By  Mrs.   David   G.   Ritchie, 

Author  of  '  The  Truthful  Liar.'    Crown  Svo,  6s. 

"This  novel  is  a  striking  achievement . .  ..impossible  to  skip  a  single  page  of  a  singularly 
engrossing  book.  It  is  not  long,  yet  there  is  more  wit  than  is  to  l>e  found  in  twenty. 
Mrs   Ritchie  is  extraordinarily  sensitive  to  the  lighter  side  ot  the  human  coined  v. 

Spectator 

"The  finish  shown  on  every  page  lifts  it  out  of  the  ruck  of  fiction.  The  author  shows 
that  she  can  paint  with  a  sombre  brush  as  well  as  touch  off  the  comedy  of  things/'     Nation. 

"This  is  a  novel  of  curious  brilliance  and  distinction.     It   stands  head  and  shoulders 
over  the  ordinary  fiction  of  our  time,  and  is  the  product  of  genuine  thought  and  in-; 
tion."—  .Standard. 

|  THE  YOUNG   COLUMBINE.     By  Dorothea  Dkakix.    With    a 

Front ispioco  by  LEWIS  BAUMElt.     Cr..\wi  BVO,  0*. 

i  A  POPPY  SHOW.      A    Volume   of  Stories.      By    II.  R  Marriott 

WATSON.     Crown  Svo,  6s. 

COLONEL    KATE.      By    K.    L.    Montgomery,   Author  of  'The 

Cardinal's  Pawn."    Crown  Svo,  <'.;. 


By  Baron   Rosen  krantz. 


METHUEN  &  CO.  36,  Essex  Street,  London,  W.C. 


214 


Til  E     ATHENjEUM 


No.  4191,  Feb.  22,  1908 


MR.   HEINEMANNS  NEW  BOOKS. 

— ♦ — 

Mr.  HEINEMANN btgt  to  announce  that  he  n-ill 
publish  NE1  T  WEEK  <i  work  of  ijreat  social 
and  political  MlA  n  if. 

MEMORIES  OF 

EIGHT    PARLIAMENTS. 

By  HENRY  W.  LUCY. 

Willi    Portrait      1   toI.   demy  8vo,  8*.   6d.   net* 
BikiIIiii  at  Bpaom  on  Dec.  13,  1899,  Lord  Rosehkky 
said:— "On  anything  relating  to  Parliament  Mr.  Lucy  is  an 
expei  U    There  is  perhaps  no  man  living  who  has  had  so 

constant  and  M  close  observation  of  Parliamentary  !>"-'  '" 
its  many  aspects."        

MEMOIRS  OF  THE 

COMTESSEdeBOIGNE 

Tho  THIRD  Volume  (1820-1830),  completing  the 
•work,  is  now  ready.  Demy  8vo,  10«.  net. 

"  The  second  and  third  volumes  are  even  more  interesting 
than  the  first.  The  excellent  translation  will  introduce 
these  to  a  large  number  of  readers." — Spectator. 

Uniform  •with  the  above,  10s.  net  each.* 

Vol.  L,  1781-1814,  and  Vol.  IL,  1815-1819. 

FATHER  AND   SON. 

With  Frontispiece.     Demy   8vo,    8s.    6d.    net. 

[Third  Impression. 
"  This  book  is  unique.    It  is  at  once  a  profound  and 
illuminating  study  in  the  concrete  of  the  development  of 
a  child's  mind,  and  also  an  historical  document  of  great 
value."— Athenatum, 

NEW  SIX-SHILLING   NOVELS. 

Mr.  HEINEMANN  has  pleasure  in  announcing 
that  he  will  publish  on  TUESDAY  a  New 
Novel  by  Miss  ELIZABETH  ROBINS, 

COME  AND  FIND  ME 

By  ELIZABETH  ROBINS, 
Author  of  '  The  Magnetic  North,'  &c. 

A  LARGK  SECOND  IMPRESSION  IS  NOW  READY 
OF  MR.  DE  MORGAN'S  NEW  NOVEL. 

SOMEHOW    GOOD. 

By  WILLIAM  DE  MORGAN, 
Author  of  '  Joseph  Vance  '  and  '  Alice  for  Short.' 
"  Mr.  De  Morgan  is  becoming  a  national  institution.  We 
cannot  do  without  him.  He  invites  you  to  his  comfort- 
ably furnished  novel  for  a  week-end  among  the  most 
conversable  entertaining  people,  and  you  .accept  and  are 
enchanted.     You  would  be  an  idiot  if  you  did  not." — Times. 

A  SECOND  LARGE  IMPRESSION  IS  NOW  READY  OF 

THE    PULSE    OF    LIFE. 

By  Mrs.  BELLOC-LOWNDES, 

Author    of    '  Barbara    Rebell,'    Ac. 

"  Mrs.  Belloc-Lowndes  has  a  distinction  of  mind  and  of 

style  which  set  her  far  apart  from    and  far   above    the 

ordinary  novel-writer.     It  is  difficult  to  put  the  book  down 

till  it  is  finished. "—Westminster  Gazette. 

WHITE  ROSE  OF  WEARY  LEAF. 

By  VIOLET  HUNT. 

THE  NIGHT  THAT  BRINGS 
OUT  STARS. 

By  GEORGETTE  AGNEW. 

8H£A V ES.    [Third  Impression. 

By  E.  F.  BENSON, 

Author  of  '  The  House  of  Defence,'  &c. 

"  Mr.  Benson  has  never  done  anything  better." — Truth. 

THE    HISTORY   OF 

AYTHAN  WAKING. 

By  VIOLET  JACOB,  Author  of  'The  Sheepstealers.' 
"A  supremely  good  novel." — Pall  Mall  Gazette. 

THE  EXPLORER. 

By  W.  S.  MAUGHAM,  Author  of  'The  Merry-go-round.' 

[Second  Impression. 
"  A  Sargent-like  portrait  of  a  pioneer  as  he  ought  to  be." 

Punch. 

THE      STANDERTONS. 

By  the  EARL  OF  ELLESMEHE. 

THE    ISLAND   PHARISEES. 

By  JOHN  GALSWORTHY. 
Author  of  '  The  Man  of  Property,'  <fec. 

[Xew  and  Revised  Edition. 
*  Prospectus    on    application. 
WM.  HEINEMANN,  21,  Bedford   Street,  W.C. 


MR.      MURRAY'S 

NEW  BOOKS: 

•— 

THREE  NEW  6  -  NOVELS. 

GRAHAM  OF  CLAVERHOUSE. 

IAN  MACLARENS  LAST  WORK. 

[Second  Impression  now  ready. 

"  Some  critics  have  suggested  that  this  book  is  too  much 
of  a  biography  and  too  little  of  a  novel.  In  our  view  it  is 
the  tenderest,  saddest,  and  most  beautiful  of  Ian 
Maclaren'l  later  books." — British  Weekly. 

"  An  excellent  story,  equal  to  any  work  of  the  lamented 
author.  "—A  thenceu  m, 

"  A  fine  study  of  the  man,  really  biographical,  though  in 
the  form  of  fiction."— Spectator. 


MOTHERS    IN    ISRAEL. 

By  J.  S.  FLETCHER,  Author  of  '  Daniel  Quayne,'  '  The 
Ivory  God,'  &c.  [Third  Impression  in  the  Press. 

A  story  of  rural  life.  No  one  knows  better  than  this 
Author  the  details  of  village  existence,  the  defects  and 
qualities  of  the  people  in  such  small  communities,  and  he 
makes  a  vivid  study  of  their  humours  and  pathos. 


RODWELL. 


By  Miss  V.  HAWTREY,  Author  of  '  Suzanne. 


OUR  FIRST  AMBASSADOR 


TO  CHINA. 


An  Account  of  the  Life  of  George,  Earl  Macartney,  with 
Extracts  from  his  Letters  and  the  Narrative  of  his  Experi- 
ences in  China  as  told  by  Himself,  1737-1806.  By  Mrs. 
HELEN  H.  ROBBINS.  With  Portraits  and  other  Illustra- 
tions.   Demy  8vo,  16s.  net. 

"  A  very  much  needed  book  telling  of  a  man  and  of  times 
which  ought  not  to  be  allowed  to  fade  from  the  memory  of 
the  public." — Sheffield  Independent. 

"  An  interesting  and  valuable  addition  to  the  literature 
of  English  political  biography." — Scotsman. 


THE    REMINISCENCES    OF 
THE    LATE    ALBERT    PELL, 

Sometime  M.P.  for  South  Leicestershire.  Edited,  with  a 
Memoir,  by  THOMAS  MACKAY,  Editor  of  the  'Life  of 
Samuel  Smiles,'  &c.  With  an  Appreciation  by  the  Right 
Hon.  JAMES  BRYCE.  With  Portraits  and  other  Illus- 
trations.    Demy  8vo,  15*.  net. 

"It  is  evident  he  wrote  with  knowledge  and  from  con- 
viction. There  are  in  the  book  many  evidences  of  the 
remarkable  changes  Mr.  Pell  witnessed  during  his  career 
and  numerous  good  stories  of  his  own  and  of  other  people. 
....Gives  an  admirable  idea  of  the  attractive  personality 
met  with  in  this  .autobiography." — Scotsman. 


A  FAMILY  CHRONICLE. 

From  Notes  and  Letters  selected  by  BARBARINA,  the 
Hon.  LADY  GREY.  Edited  by  Mrs.  JOHN  LYSTER. 
With  Portraits  and  other  Illustrations.  Demy  8vo,  12#.  net. 
This  book  is  a  history  of  three  generations  of  English- 
women— Barbarina,  Lady  Dacre,  well  known  in  social, 
literary,  and  artistic  circles  during  the  first  half  of  the  last 
century ;  her  (laughter,  Mrs.  Sullivan ;  and  her  grand- 
daughter, Lady  Grey.  It  covers  a  period  of  about  100  years, 
and  includes  many  reminiscences  and  unpublished  letters 
from  Fanny  Kemble,  Sir  E.  BulwerLytton,  Lord  Lynedoch, 
Mr.  "  Bobus  "  Smith,  and  other  people  of  interest  and  note. 


A    CHEAP     EDITION. 

LIFE    OF     ISABELLA    BIRD 

(MRS.  BISHOP). 

By  Miss  ANNA  M.  STODDART.     With  Portraits,  Maps, 
and  other  Illustrations.     Large  crown  Svo,  6s.  net. 


STUDIES   IN   THE  HISTORY 
OF    VENICE. 

By    HORATIO    F.    BROWN,    Author    of    'Life   on    the 
Lagoons.'    2  vols.     Demy  Svo,  ISs.  net. 

"  We  have  all  read  many  books  on  Venice,  not  .a  few  of 
them  mere  bookmaking,  but  Mr.  Brown's  new  book  is  a 
monument  of  great  learning  pleasantly  presented.  One 
rises  from  it  a  wiser  man— the  one  test  of  such  volumes  as 
these."— Sphere. 

JOHN  MURRAY,  Albemarle  Street,  W. 


DAVID     NUTT, 

57-59,  LONG  /LOBE. 


THE   CLASSICAL  REVIEW. 

Vol.  XXII.  No.  1.     FEBRUARY,  1908.     1«.  net. 

Contents. 
EDITORIAL. 

ORIGINAL  CONTRIBUTIONS  :- 

Past    Excavations   at    Herculaneum.       E.    R. 

BARKER. 

Bibliography  of  the  most  important  Authorities 

on  Herculaneum. 
On  the  Paeans  of  Pindar.     A.  E.  Hoisman. 
Helios-Hades.     Jane  E.  Harrivn. 
Artemis  Aphaia.     M.  Kraus. 
NEWS  AND  COMMENTS. 

REVIEWS  :— 

Blanchet's    '  Les   Enceintes    Romainee    de    la 
Gaule.'     J.  E.  Mokris. 

Preger's  •  Scriptores  Originum  Constantinopoli- 

tanarum.'     J.  B.  Bury. 
Furneaux'8  'Tacitus.'     E.  Harrison. 
Wageningen's  '  Scaenica  Romana  '  and  '  Album 

Terentianum.'     J.  Gow. 

SHORT  NOTICES. 
OBITUARY.— 

Minton  Warren.     W.  M.  Lindsay. 
Alfred  Pretor.     A.  W.  S. 
REPORTS  :— 

Graves  near  "  War  Ditches,"  Cherry-Hinton, 

Cambridge.     F.  G.  Walker. 
Roman  Tumulus  at  Lord's  Bridge,    Harlton, 
near  Cambridge.     F.  G.  Walker. 

VERSION  :— 

From   Shelley's    'Witch    of    Atlas.'      J.    M. 
Edmonds. 

ARCHAEOLOGY  :— 

Monthly  Record.     E.  J.  Forsdyke. 
BOOKS  RECEIVED. 

On  MARCH  1  will  be  issued  :  CLASSICAL 
REVIEW,  No.  2,  price  Is.  net. 

%*  On  APRIL  1  will  be  issued  :  CLASSICAL 
QUARTERLY,  Vol  II.  No.  1,  price  3*  net. 

The  Subscription  Price  for  CLASSICAL 
REVIEW  and  CLASSICAL   QUARTERLY 

for  1908  is  18s.  post  free.     Subscriptions  are  now 
due. 

Mr.  NUTT  begs  to  announce  that  the  Prospectus 
of  the  Limited  Issue  Library  Edition  of  the  Works 
of    WILLIAM     ERNEST     HENLEY,     with 

Specimen    Page    and    Terms  of   Subscription,    is 
NOW  READY,  and  will  be  sent  on  demand. 

N.B. — It  is  requested  that  American  orders  be 
addressed  to  Messrs.  Ch.  Scribners  Sons,  New 
York. 

MR.  NUTT  begs  to  annonnce  that  the  NEW 
EDITION  oj 

PAASCH,  FROM  KEEL  TO  TRUCK, 

Naval  Dictionary  in  Five  Languages  (English, 
French,  German,  Italian,  Spanish),  profusely 
illustrated,  will  be  ready  by  the  1st  of  March. 

Prospectus,  with  Specimen  Pages,  and  Order  Forms 
will  be  sent  on  application. 


MR.  NUTT  WILL  ISSUE  IMMEDIATELY: 

THE   CONGO  STATE.     Its   Origin, 

Rights,  and  Duties.  The  Charges  of  its 
Accusers.  By  A.  CASTELEIN.  S.J.  With 
a  Prefatory  'Letter  by  M.  CH.  WOESTE. 
Crown  Svo,  sewed,  2*.  net  (2s.  4d.  post  free). 


No.  4191,  Feb.  22,  1908 


THE     ATHEN^UM 


215 


GRANT  RICHARDS: 

A     LIST     OF     BOOKS     READY    OR    ANNOUNCED 
FOR      SPEEDY       PUBLICATION      THIS       SEASON. 


FIFTY  YEARS  OF  MODERN  PAINTING:  COROT  TO  SARGENT. 
By  J.  E.  Phythian,  Author  of  '  G.  F.  Watts.'  With  8  Reproductions  in 
Colour  of  Paintings  by  Whistler,  Daumier,  Rossetti,  J.  S.  Sargent,  Monet, 
Manet,  Degas,  and  Millais,  and  32  in  half-tone.  Extra  crown  8vo,  cloth 
gilt,  10s.  6d.  net.  [Feb.  25. 

THE  HERITAGE  OF  DRESS:  Being  Notes  on  the  History  and  Evolu- 
tion of  Clothes.  By  Wilfred  Mark  Webb.  With  over  200  Illustrations 
by  W.  J.  Webb.     Royal  8vo,  cloth  gilt,  15s.  net.  [Ready. 

"  Mr.  Webb  has  certainly  left  no  stone  unturned  in  collecting  his  material, 
which  goes  to  make  a  most  diverting  book." — Outlook. 

THE  BIRDS  OF  THE  BRITISH  ISLANDS.  By  Charles  Stonham, 
C.M.G.,  F.R.C.S.  With  over  300  Photogravures  by  L.  M.  Medland.  Part  X. 
Complete  in  20  Parts.  Royal  4to,  7s.  6d.  net  each.  5  vols.,  buckram  gilt, 
36s.  net  each  ;  half-vellum  gilt,  42s.  net  each  (vols.  1  and  2  ready), 

[Prospectuses  on  application  to  Dept.  A. 

GREAT  MUSICIANS:  Studies  of  the  Life  and  Work  of  Orlandus  Lassus, 
Palestrina,  Monteverde,  Lully,  Rameau,  Purcell,  Handel  and  Bach,  &c. 
By  Ernest  Oldmeadow,  Author  of  '  Susan.'  With  32  Illustrations. 
Crown  8vo,  cloth,  3s.  6d.  net.  [Ready. 

THE  PERFECT  GARDEN  :  How  to  make  it  Beautiful  and  Fruitful,  with 
Practical  Hints  on  Economical  Management  and  the  Culture  of  all  the 
Principal  Flowers,  Fruits,  and  Vegetables.  By  Walter  P.  Wright, 
Horticultural  Superintendent  under  the  Kent  County  Council.  Illustrated 
with  6  reproductions  in  Colour  and  32  in  Black-and-White.  Large  post  8vo, 
cloth  gilt,  6s.  net.  [May. 

THE  DUTY  AND  PRACTICE  OF  HEALTH.  By  C.  W.  Saleeby,  M.D., 
Author  of  '  The  Conquest  of  Cancer,'  <  The  Cycle  of  Life,'  &c.  Crown  8vo, 
cloth,  6s.  net.  [June. 


MAMMON  AND  HIS  MESSAGE:  a  Drama  in  Blank  Verse.  By  John 
Davidson,  Author  of  '  The  Theatrocrat,'  &c.  Crown  8vo,  cloth  gilt, 
5s.  net.  [April. 

THE  GOURMET'S  GUIDE  TO  EUROPE.  By  Col.  Newnham  Davis, 
Author  of  '  Dinners  and  Diners,'  &c.  Second  Edition,  Revised.  Fcap.  8vo, 
cloth,  round  corners,  5s.  net.  [April. 

NEW    FICTION. 

THE  FOLLOWING  NOVELS  ARE  NOW  READY. 


THE  INDIVIDUALIST.  By 
Philip  Gibbs,  Author  of  '  Know- 
ledge is  Power.'     6s. 

THE  ARMADA  GOLD.  By 
Edgar  Turner  and  Reginald 
Hodder,  Author  of  4  The  Pur- 
loined Prince,'  &c.     6s. 

BEATRIX  OF  CLARE.  By 
John  Reed  Scott,  Author  of '  The 
Colonel  of  the  Red  Huzzars,'  &c. 
With  4  Illustrations  in  Colour 
by  Clarence  Underwood.     6s. 

THE  BRASS  BOWL.  By 
Louis  J.  Vance,  Author  of 
1  Terence  O'Rourke.'  Illustrated. 
Crown  8vo,  6s. 


THE  SCOUNDREL.  By 
Ernest  Oldmeadow,  Author  of 
'  Susan,'  &c.  With  Frontispiece 
in  Colour  by  Frank  Haviland. 
Crown  8vo,  cloth,  6s. 

THE  UNPARDONABLE  SIN: 
a  Novel.  By  James  Douglas. 
With  Frontispiece  in  Colour  by 
Frank  Haviland.  Crown  8vo, 
cloth,  6s. 

THE  GENTEEL  A.B.  By  A.  J. 
Dawson,  Author  of  '  The 
Message,'  &c.  With  4  Illustra- 
tions in  Colour  by  W.  Ralston. 
Crown  8vo,  cloth,  6s. 


21C 


t  ii  i:    AT  ii  EN  M  r  m 


No.  1191.  Feb.  22,  L908 


MACMILLAN  &  CO.'S 

NEW    BOOKS. 


SECOND   IMPRESSION. 

RAMBLING 

RECOLLECTIONS. 

BY 

Sir  HENRY   DRUMMOND  WOLFF. 

With  Photogravure  and  other  Illustrations. 
2  vols.  8vo,  30a.  net. 


HURST  &  BLACKETT'S 

NEW  LIST. 


THE  COMING  STRUGGLE 
IN    EASTERN    ASIA. 

By  ft  L.  PUTNAM  W KALE,  Author  of  Manchu  .and 
Muscovite,'  'The  Be-Shaping  of  the  Far  East,'  'The 
Trace  in  the  Bant.'  With  numerous  Illustrations  and 
a  Comprehensive  Map.    8vo,  vis.  OJ.  net. 

A    NEW    BOOK    ON    BUDDHISM. 

THE  INWARD  LIGHT, 

By  H.  FIELDING  HALL,  Author  of  'The  Soul 
of  a  People,'  &c.     8vo,  10a:.  net. 

THE  POCKET  KIPLING. 

Scarlet  limp  leather,  5«.  net  per  vol. 
FROM  SEA  TO    SEA.     Vol.  I. 

THE  EVERSLEY  TENNYSON. 

Annotated  by  ALFRED,  LORD  TENNYSON. 

Edited  by  HALLAM,  LORD  TENNYSON. 

In  9  vols.  Globe  8vo, 

Vol.  I.  POEMS.  Vol.  II.  POEMS. 

Vol.  III.  ENOCH  ARDEN  &  IN  MEMORIAM. 

Globe  8vo,  4s.  net  each. 
THIRD  AND   CONCLUDING   PART. 

THE  DYNASTS. 

A  Drama  of  the  Napoleonic  'Wars.  By  THOMAS 
HARDY.     Part  III.     Crown  Svo,  4*.  6d.  net. 

Previously  Published :  Parts  I.  and  II.  4s.  6d.  net  each. 
Mr.  Alfred  Noyes,  in  the  Daily  Graphic.— "The  work 

should  take  its  place  at  once  as  one  of  the  greatest  poems 

of  modern  times." 

NEW  AND  CHEAPER  EDITION. 

PRINCIPLES   OF 
WESTERN  CIVILISATION. 

A  Sociological  Study.  By  BENJAMIN  KIDD.  Extra 
crown  Svo,  5s.  net. 

A    NEW   VOLUME    OF    ESSAYS. 

C0NFESSI0  MEDICI. 

By  the  Writer  of  'The  Y'ouug  People.'    Extra  crown 
Svo,  3s.  <5d.  net. 
I>aily    Telegraph. — "This    thoughtful,    cultivated,    and 
delicately  written  study." 

TYPES  OF   TRAGIC  DRAMA. 

By  Prof.  C.  E.  YAIXGIIAN.     Extra  crown  Svo,  5s.  net. 
NEW  AND  CHEAPER  IMPRESSION. 

THE  WRITINGS  OF 
BENJAMIN  FRANKLIN. 

Collected  and  Edited,  with  a  Life  and  Introduction,  by 
ALBERT  II ENRY  SMYTH.  With  Portraits.  In  1*0 
\ uls.  Globe  Svo,  31.  net. 

THE    CENTURY   MAGAZINE. 

ILLUSTRATED. 

Price  Is.  id.    Annual  Subscription,  lGs. 

The  MARCH  Number  contains: 

MONAD  AND  MULTITUDE.    By  EDMUND  GOSSE. 

"SENSE  AND  SENSIBILITY."  II.  An  Autobiographical 

Record.     By  Helen  Keller. 

THB  SUN  DOMINANT  (Mars  as  the  Abode  of  Life).  By 
PERCIVAL  LOWELL.  Pictures,  including  Drawings 
by  Prof.  Lowell. 

BEAUTY'S  SISTER.     A  Story.     By  Owen  Johnson. 

And  numerous  other  Stories  and  Articles  of 
general  Interest. 


MACMILLAN  &  CO.,   Ltd.    London. 


SIX-SHILLING    NOVELS. 

.VOir    HEADY. 

NEW  NOVEL   BY   MRS.  ALICE    DIEHL, 

Author  of  'The  Garden  <>f  Eden,'  'True  Story 
of  My  Life,'  &c. 

AN  ACTOR'S  LOVE  STORY. 

NEW  NOVEL  BY  MRS.  FRED  REYNOLDS, 

Author  of  '  A  Quaker  Wooing,'  '  In  Silence,'  &c. 

ST.  DAVID  OF  THE  DUST. 

"The  Welsh  spirit  of  mysticism  and  poetry  pervade  the 
book...  it  will  inevitably  add  to  Mrs.  Reynolds's  already 
established  reputation." — Daily  Express. 

SECOND   IMPRESSION. 

THE      RED      PERIL. 

By  COULSON  KERN  AH  AN, 
Author  of  '  Captain  Shannon,'  '  The  Dumpling,'  &c. 

"  Mr.  Coulson  Kernahan  has  certainly  uiven  us  a  story 
which  makes  very  interesting  reading,  and  which  exhibits 
his  strong,  uncommon  powers  of  invention  in  one  of  their 
most  attractive  lights Full  of  hair-raising  mystery,  adven- 
ture, and  excitement" — Standard. 

NEW  NOVEL  BY  A  NEW  WRITER. 

THE       MYSTERY      ISLAND. 

By    EDWARD    H.     HURST, 

With  a  Coloured  Frontispiece. 

"  It  contains  novelty  of  plot  and  of  situation,  novelty  of 
atmosphere,  and  a  fine  freshness  in  the  telling ;  and  it  is, 
indeed,  the  most  exhilarating  story  we  have  read  this  year." 

Morning  Leader. 

THE       IMBECILES. 

By  L.  LOCKHART  LANG, 
Author  of  '  The  Vulgar  Truth,'  &c. 

"  This  is  an  altogether  admirable  production ...  .as  enter- 
taining a  work  of  fiction  as  has  cheered  our  path  for  many 
a  day." — World. 

"  An  exceedingly  diverting  skit  on  the  craze  for  the  simple 

life Everybody  will  laugh  heartily  over  'The  Imbeciles.'" 

Staiuiard. 

CLEMENTINA'S 

HIGHWAYMAN. 

By  R.  NEILSON  STEPHENS, 
Author  of  '  The  Enemy  of  the  King,'  &c. 

AND 

G.  H.  WESTLEY, 

Author  of  '  At  the  Court  of  the  King,'  &c. 

6  Illustrations  by  ADELAIDE  EVERHART. 

"  It  is  a  wholesome  and  pleasant  story  of  a  picturesque, 
though  lawless,  period." — Daily  Telegraph. 

NEXT  WEEK. 

NEW  NOVEL  BY  EDWARD  McNULTY, 

Author  of  'Maureen,'  'Misther  O'Ryan,'  &c. 

MRS.  MULLIGAN'S  MILLIONS 

EARLY  NEXT  MONTH. 

NEW  NOVEL 

BY  CHRISTABEL  COLERIDGE, 

Author  of    'An  English  Squire,'   'The  Tender 
Mercies  of  the  Good,'  &c. 

MISS      LUCY. 

IN  THE   PRESS. 

GUESSES      AT      TRUTHS. 

Ethical,  Social,  Political,  and  Literary. 

By  DAVID  CHRISTIE  MURRAY. 

Some    "Merlin"   Contributions   to   the   Referee. 

With  a  Portrait.     Crown  Svo,  6s. 

HURST    &    BLACKETT,    Limited, 
182,  High   Holborn,  W.C. 


THE  LITERARY  FOUR-IN-HAND. 
i.  INTERLUDES  AND  POEMS. 

By  LASCELLES   ABEBOBOMBIS,      Crown 
Hvo,  5*.  net. 

"  Mi ■:  Abercrombie  has  power  and  he  I  Hit 

mind  if  ft  arle$$,  rt  beli 

U-ihilirarteilly  frolickinj  among  thr  tMtt  trrmmdoxu  ideas 
and  emotions.  His  words  puui ■■hot  from  hit  pro  ..  his  jmjwct 
and  his  originality  are  beyond  question  '  Interludes  and 
'  is  a  remarkable,  work,  and  we  sluill  look  with  peculiar 
anticipation  for  its  successor.  ,\ot  bi cause  it  u  One  second 
bonk  tltat  tells,  although  that  is  true  MSOUfA,  bat  because 
every  day  seems  likely  to  leave  its  impress  upon  so  impatient 
and  sensitive  a  soul  as  this  poet's,  and  hi*  development  be- 
comes thus  a  matter  of  unusual  interest."— TIMES. 

ii.  APOLOGIA  DIFFIDENTIS. 

By   W.    COMPTON    LEITH.       Demy    8vo, 
7«.  6c/.  net.  {Second  Edition. 

"Tlte  author  is  master  of  a  style  at  or.ee  fluid  and  distin- 
guished.. .  Jtis  work  is  a  genuine  contribution  to  literature." 

Times. 

iii.  MODERNISM  AND  ROMANCE. 

By    R.     A.     SCOTT-JAMES.      Demy   8vo, 
7a.  6c/.  net. 

"  A  sane,  reasonable,  and  thoughtful  analysis  of  con- 
temporary English  literature,  not  of  the  fact*-,  but  of  tlte 
meanings  in  it."—  Arthur  Symons  in  Daily  News. 

iv.  LOVE  AND  THE  IRONMONGER. 

By  F.  J.  RANDALL.     Crown  8vo,  8c. 

[Second  Edition. 

"Since  the  days  when  Mr.  F.  Anstey  was  writing  his 
inimitable  series  of  humorous  novels,  from  '  Vice-Versa'  to 
'  Tourmalin')!  Time-Cheques,'  we  can  recall  no  book  of  purely 
farcical  imagination  so  full   of   excellent   entertainment  as 

this  first  effort   of  Mr.    F.   J.    Randall Certain   to  be   a 

success;  it  wUl  add  refreshingly  to  the  gaiety  of  the  nation." 

Daily  Telegrai'U. 


LATEST  ANNOUNCEMENTS. 

THE  FINANCES  OF  SIR 
JOHN  KYNNERSLEY. 

By    A.   C.    FOX-DAVIES,    Author   of   'The 
Mauleverer  Murders.'     6s. 

%*  A  thrilling  detective  story,  preceded  by  an  account,  in 
one  act,  of  the  Bodley  Head  Burglary.  In  April  last, 
of  proofs  of  this  book  teas  stolen,  a  perfect  mine  of  ingenuity 
for  Wte  fraudulently  minded.  But  Scotland  Yard  rose  to  the 
situation,  and  so  Sir  John  retains  sole  copyright  of  his 
villainous  schemings. 

THE  CHICHESTER  INTRIGUE. 

By  THOMAS  COBB,  Author  of  '  Mr.  Passiug- 
ham,'  &c.    6s. 

Lambert  Amory  is  placed  in  a  difficulty  by  fti, 
amongst  the  papers  of  the  late  Mr.  Chichester  (the  handsomest 
if  not  the  most  inspired  actor  on  the  Eirilish  stage)  some 
passionate  love-letters  signed  "  Ena,"  and  apparenihi  written 
by  the  woman  whom  his  friend,  Sir  Hugo  Warbrook,  wishes 
to  marry.  Searching  further,  he  finds  two  other  Enas,  each 
of  ichom  might  hare  written  the  letters.  Amory  eventually 
unravels  the  >nystery  of  the  Chichester  intrigue. 

THE  WINE  OF  LIFE. 

By  MAUDE  ANNESLEY.    6a, 

"A  powerful  novel. .  ..originality  of  treatment— really 
.  i'i -.  Study  of  human  nature ...  .a  live  uoman  drawn  for  us 
so  carefullii,  whose  i  motion*  stem  as  real  as  her  actions  are 
natural."— Evening  standard. 

CEYLON : 

The  Paradise  of  Adam. 

By  CAROLINE  CORNER.    10s.  M.  net. 

"Mrt,  Corner  has  courage  and  frankness,  and  above  all, 
a  n  nw  of  humour,  which  is  a  first  quality  in  a  book  like  hers. 
....This  book  is  merrit— merry,  witty,  OMfTMMt,  and  read- 
aide.... a  deal  of  inlinhtenment,  as  aril  as  intcrtainment, 
there  is  in  this  book.''— -DAILY  CHRONICLE. 


A  NEW  VOLUME  IN 

THE   SPANISH    SERIES. 
GOYA. 

By  A.  F.   CALVERT.     With  600  Reproduc- 
tions.    3*'.  6c/.  net. 


JOHN  LANE,  The  Bodley  Head,  London,  W. 


No.  4191,  Feb.  22,  1908 


T  H  E     A  T  II E  N  M  U  M 


217 


SATURDAY,  FEBRUARY  .?,?,  1908. 


CONTENTS. 

PAGE 

Folk-lore  of  the  Holy  Land 217 

A  Scots  Earl  in  Covenanting  Times 218 

The  Guanches  of  Tenerife       219 

Lord  Acton's  Historical  Essays        220 

New  Novels  (The  Mother ;  Clementina's  Highway- 
man ;  Sally  Bishop ;  The  White  Cat ;  Father 
Alphonsus  ;  Colonel  Kate  ;  A  Curtain  of  Cloud  ; 
The    Armada   Gold ;    A    Little    Revolution ;    A 

Tangled  Web)         221—222 

War  and  Politics 223 

New  Zealand  and  Victoria       226 

Our  Library  Table  (Grant,  Lincoln,  and  the  Freed- 
men  ;  George  Meredith ;  The  Oxford  Edition  of 
Campbell ;  Mary  Wollstonecraft's  Love  Letters  ; 
Heroes  and  Heroines  of  Russia ;  Benedictine ; 
Trench  on  the  Miracles ;  The  People's  Library ; 
The  World's  Classics  ;  The  Shanachie)  . .  226—227 
Sir  James  Knowles  ;  Notes  from  Paris    ..       ..228 

List  of  New  Books 228 

Literary  Gossip        229 

Science— The  Conquest  of  Cancer  ;  Coal  ; 
Plagues  and  Pleasures  of  Life  in  Bengal; 
The  Bee  People  ;  The  Essentials  of  Cyto- 
logy ;     Societies  ;    Meetings    Next    Week  ; 

Gossip         231—233 

Fine  Arts— Towers  and  Spires  ;  Augustus  Saint- 
Gaudens  ;  Mr.  Aumonier  at  the  Leicester 
Gallery  ;  Paintings  by  the  late  J.  Buxton 
Knight  ;  Portraits  and  Studies  at  the 
Baillie  Gallery  ;  Pictures  by  the  late  Sir 
Noel  Paton  ;  Sale  ;  Gossip  ;  Exhibitions  233—235 
Music— Gossip  ;  Performances  Next  Week  ..  235 
Drama— Diana  of  Dobson's  ;  The  Abbey  Theatre, 

Dublin         236 

Index  to  Advertisers      236 


LITERATURE 


Folk-lore    of  the    Holy    Land :     Moslem, 

Christian,  and     Jewish.      By     J.     E. 

Hanauer.  Edited      by      Marmaduke 

Pickthall.  (Duckworth  &  Co.) 

Mr.  Hanauer  did  not  need  the  recom- 
mendation even  of  so  close  a  student  of 
Syrian  character  as  the  author  of  '  Said 
the  Fisherman  '  to  ensure  a  hearing  for 
his  admirable  tales.  Every  one  will  read 
Mr.  Pickthall's  Preface  with  interest,  for 
he  knows  the  peasant  of  Palestine  as  an 
intimate.  So,  evidently,  does  Mr.  Han- 
auer, who  had  a  good  apprenticeship 
when  he  acted  as  interpreter  to  Sir  Charles 
Warren,  and  since  then  has  used  his 
opportunities  of  learning  the  inner  mind 
of  the  Holy  Land  with  unusual  success. 
The  folk-lore  collected  in  this  delightful 
volume  was  taken  down  from  the  lips 
of  the  people  in  the  hill  country  between 
Bethel  and  Hebron — a  country  where 
Muslims,  Jews,  and  Christians  dwell 
together  in  amity,  though  not  without 
many  sly  gibes  at  each  other's  weak- 
nesses, but  where  all  three  agree  in  regard- 
ing their  district  as  holy  ground.  And 
lest  any  reader  should  shrink  affrighted 
from  the  ominous  title  "  Folk-lore," 
Avhich  usually  implies  complicated  pedi- 
grees of  migratory  fables  and  the  devious 
analogies  of  comparative  mythology, 
we  hasten  to  reassure  him.  Neither  the 
author  nor  the'  editor  is  an  expert  in 
folk-lore,  and  the  tales  are  told  with  so 
little  attempt  to  trace  their  origin  and 
relationships  that  many  obvious  deriva- 
tions from  the  Koran,  old  Bedawi  tradi- 
tion (e.g.,  p.  173),  and  even  the  '  Arabian 
Nights  '  (p.  207)  are  ignored.  The  pro- 
fessional   student    of    folk-lore    will    not 


value  the  collection  the  less   because  it 
leaves  him  the  enjoyable  task  of  applying 
the  comparative  method  for  himself ;  while 
the   ordinary   reader  will   delight  in   the 
stories  for  the  best  of    all    reasons,  their 
intrinsic   humour   and   realism.     From   a 
scientific  point  of  view  it  was  no  slight 
service  to  have  rescued  these  stories  in 
"  a  sort  of  Noah's  ark  "  from  the  deluge 
of  advancing  European  innovation  which 
is  changing,   and  probably  demoralizing, 
the  Syrian.     He  is  even  beginning  here 
and  there  to  adopt  those  Frankish  trousers 
which   Iblis   taught   the   infidels   out    of 
mere    jealousy     of     Gabriel's     tailoring, 
when  the  Archangel  taught  Sarah  how  to 
make     Abraham's     Oriental     "  inexpres- 
sibles."    It  was  high  time  to  collect  the 
folk-lore  of  Palestine  while  it  yet  survives. 
The  charm  of  the  book,  however,  lies 
apart     from     its     scientific     importance. 
Realistic  touches,  naive  conjectures,  amaz- 
ing anachronisms,  meet  us  on  every  page, 
as  when  Adam  is  described  as  sitting  under 
the    tree    of    knowledge    "  smoking    his 
narghileh,"  or  "  an  Italian  named  Fran- 
cesco "    appears    among    the    soldiers    of 
Herod.     Another  pleasing  feature,  as  Mr. 
Pickthall    points    out,    is    the    persistent 
Eastern  demand  to  know  the  real  reason 
of  everything,  and  the  delicious  fictions 
which  are  invented  to  meet  this  inquiry. 
That  is  why  Noah  had  to  turn  his  she-ass 
and  his  bitch  into  damsels  to  satisfy  two 
bridegrooms  whom  he  had  disappointed 
of  his  own  daughter  ;    and  but  for  this 
we   should   never   have   known   the   real 
reason  wThy  there  are  always  three  sorts 
of  women  in  the  world — first,  those  who 
take  after  Noah's  daughter, 

"  the  God-fearing,  who  are  true  helpmeets 
to  their  husbands  ;  secondly,  stupid  and 
indolent  slatterns,  who  want  driving  witli 
a  stick  ;  and  thirdly,  shrews,  who,  scorning 
both  admonition  and  discipline,  continually 
snap  and  snarl  at  their  owners." 

In  the  same  convincing  way  we  learn  how 
the  mosquito  came  to  buzz  : — 

"  The  serpent  is  the  most  accursed  of  all 
created  things,  and  very  treacherous.     It  is 
at  the  root  of  all  the  evil  in  the  world.     Who 
does  not  know  that  when  Iblis  was  refused 
admission   into   Paradise  he  went  sneaking 
round    the    hedges    and    trying    in    vain    to 
persuade  the  different  animals  to  let  him  in  ? 
At  last,  however,  the  serpent,  bribed  by  a 
promise  of  the  sweetest  food  in  the  world, 
which   the  Evil   One  told   him  was  human 
flesh,  introduced  the  devil  into  the  garden, 
concealed  in  tho  hollow  of  his  fangs.     From 
this  hiding-placo  Iblfs  conversed  with  Eve, 
who  supposed  it  was  the  serpont  speaking 
to  her.     The  mischief  that  resultod  is  well 
known.     However,  the  serpent  did  not  get 
his  reward  ;    for  when,   after  the  Fall,   an 
angel    was    appointed    to    assign    to    evory 
creature  its  special  food  and  country,   tho 
serpent — who  oven  boforo  the  devil  tempted 
him  had  felt  jealous  of  Adam  reclining   in 
Paradiso  whilo  angels  served  him  with  roast 
meat  and  wine — shamolessly  demanded  thai 
ho  should  have  human  flesh  for  his  susten- 
ance in  accordance  with  tho  promise  given 
him.      Our  father  Adam,  however,  protested, 
and  pointed  out  that,  as  nobody  had  over 
tasted  human  flesh  or  hlood,  it  was  impossible 
to  maintain  that  it  was  tho  most  luscious 
of  food.     Thus  he  gained  a  year's  respite  for 
himself  and  his  nice  ;    and  in  the  interval  the 
mosquito   was  sent  round   the   world   with 


instructions  to  taste  and  report  upon  the 
blood  of  every  living  creature.  At  the  end 
of  twelve  months  it  was  to  report  in  open 
court  the  result  of  its  researches.  Now 
Adam  had  a  friend  in  that  sacred  bird  the 
swallow,  which  annually  makes  its  pilgrimage 
to  Mecca  and  all  holy  places.  This  bird, 
unseen  of  the  mosquito,  shadowed  it  all  the 
twelve  months  till  the  great  day  of  decision 
came.  Then,  as  the  insect  was  on  its  way 
to  the  court,  the  swallow  met  it  openly, 
and  asked  what  flesh  and  blood  it  had  found 
the  sweetest.  '  Man's,'  replied  the  mosquito. 
'  What  ?'  said  the  swallow.  '  Please  say 
it  again  distinctly,  for  I  am  rather  deaf.' 
On  this  the  mosquito  opened  its  mouth 
wide  to  shout  the  answer,  when  the  bird, 
with  incredible  swiftness,  darted  in  his  bill 
and  plucked  out  the  dangerous  insect's 
tongue.  They  then  proceeded  on  their  way 
to  the  place  where  by  appointment  all  living 
creatures  were  assembled  to  hear  the  final 
decision.  On  being  asked  the  outcome  of 
his  investigations,  the  mosquito,  who  could 
now  only  buzz,  was  unable  to  make  himself 
understood,  and  the  swallow,  pretending 
to  be  his  spokesman,  declared  that  tho  insect 
had  told  him  that  he  had  found  the  blood 
of  the  frog  most  delicious ....  Sentence  was 
therefore  given  that  frogs,  and  not  men, 
should  be  the  serpent's  food.  In  its  rage 
and  disappointment  the  serpent  darted 
forward  to  destroy  the  swallow  ;  but  the 
latter  was  too  quick,  and  the  serpont  only 
succeeded  in  biting  some  feathers  out  of  the 
middle  of  its  tail,  which  is  why  all  swallows 
have  the  tail  forked." 

Some  people  know  how  the  devil  got  into 
Noah's  ark  under  the  ass's  tail,  and  how 
the  pious  donkey  did  his  best  to  avoid  the 
responsibility  of  this  unwelcome  introduc- 
tion, till  Noah's  stick  overcame  his  objec- 
tions ;  but  it  may  not  be  so  widely  known 
that   it   was   in   compensation   for   these 
unjust    blows    that    the    animal,    in    the 
representative     person     of     Ezra's     ass, 
achieved  his  entry  into   heaven.     There 
are   irresistibly   humorous    stories    about 
the  patriarchs  and  other  Old  Testament 
personages,  such  as  the  tale  of  Moses's 
successful  evasion  of  Azrael's  persistent 
order  to  die,  till  the  Lawgiver  was  at  last 
enticed    into    his    own    tomb ;     and    the 
remarkable  reason  given  by  Uriah  for  at 
last  forgiving  David,  who  was  confessing 
his  sins  at  the  grave  of  the  injured  hus- 
band :    "  Then  the  voice  came  again  from 
the    tomb  :     '  I    forgive    thee,    0    King, 
because  for  one  wife   torn   from   me   on 
earth,  Allah  has  given  me  a  thousand  in 
heaven.'  "     Some  of   the  anecdotes  refer- 
ring to  later  times  show  a  vein  of  satire 
upon  monks  and  patriarchs  which  would 
have  pleased  Boccaccio.     The  old  nurse 
of  "  an  exemplary  if  somewhat  humorous 
prelate "    of   the    Orthodox   Church    was 
much    scandalized   when   her   spoilt   and 
mischievous    charge     developed     into     A 
Patriarch   of  Jerusalem,   and   eventually, 
to  her  consternation,  strode  into  heaven 
amid    loud    acclamations.     She    stopped 
her  singing  and  burst  into  tears,  and  as 
tears   arc   not  allowed   in   heaven,   every- 
body took  the  old  woman  for  "  one  of  the 
damned   who   had  got    in     by   mistake." 
Mar  But r us  (St.  Peter),  however,  examined 
her    register.     "  It   seems    all    right,"    he 
said,  and  he  asked  Hannah  why  she  was 
(iving.     She  explained  that  this  sportive 
Patriarch,    who    had   pinched   and   teased 


218 


T  II  E     A  Til  ENJEUM 


go.  41111,  Feu.  22,  1908 


her,  and  refined  to  be  trashed  and  dressed, 
liad  no  business  in  hea\  en. 

"  Mar     ISntrns     burst     out     laughing    and 

patted  her  on  the  hack,  saying  :  '  There,  my 
daughter  !  go  hack  and  take  your  pari  in  the 
singing,     lie's  not  bo  bad  as  you  think  him. 

And  as  for  the  triumphal  entity,  -why,  there 
are  hundreds  <>f  saints  like  you,  thank  God, 
admitted    every    day,    but   only    once   in    a 

thousand  years  do  wo  ^ot  a  Patriarch. '  " 

In  s  similar  vein,  but  rather  stale  is  the 
story,  that  when  a  monk  excused  a  fault 
to  hi.  abbot  on  the  ground  that  he  had 
been  tempted  by  the  devil,  the  Evil  One, 
sprang  forward,  crying  :  "That  is  a  foul 
lie  !  I  never  tempted  this  monk.  There 
was  no  need.  I  spend  my  days,  it  is  true, 
in  tempting  laymen  ;  but  at  night  I  come 
to  convents  as  a  humble  scholar  !  " 

Humorous,    quaintly    realistic,    wildly 
impossible,    delightfully    fantastic,    these 
specimens    of   Palestinian    folk-lore    only 
make  us  want  more  of  them.     Of  course 
there  is  a  considerable  section  of  folk-lore 
which  is  necessarily  omitted  in  a  book 
addressed  to  readers  of  all  kinds.     One 
recalls  the  story  of  a  famous  raconteur 
who  declared  that  there  were  but  thirty- 
one  really  original  and  distinct  stories  in 
the  world,  and  of  these,  thirty  were  unfit 
for  polite  ears.     The  proportion  is  certainly 
maintained  among  Oriental   tales.     Pro- 
bably   the    "  Judgments   of   Karakush  " 
here    printed    reflect    inadequately    the 
gross  humour  of  the  judicial  buffoon  who 
in  Cairene  and  Turkish  farces  travesties 
so  inexcusably  Saladin's  loyal  lieutenant. 
Why,  by  the  way,  does  Mr.  Hanauer  spell 
the  name  "  Karakash  "  ?     We  can  under- 
stand   "  Karakoz "    (as   it   appears   else- 
where   in    the    book)    and    the    common 
approximation  to    the    Turkish,   "  Kara- 
guez."     But  Mr.  Hanauer's  Arabic  spell- 
ings   are   not   particularly   consistent   or 
accurate.     "  El    Kuds "    needs    no    cir- 
cumflex;      '"Abd    El    Ghafar"    should 
probably    be    'Abd-El-Ghaffar ;    "  Fash- 
arin,"  Feshsharin;  "  Jan,"  Jann;  "  Mero- 
wah,"    Muruwwah  —  Mr.    Hanauer    has 
apparently  a  great  aversion  to  the  tenwin. 
We  confess,  too,  that  we  find  the  arrange- 
ment   of     the     sections     and     chapters, 
especially  the    plan  of    putting    a  series 
of    notes    at  the   end   of    each   section, 
inconvenient. 

The  notes,  though  far  from  exhaustive, 
contain  some  admirable  anecdotes,  which 
one  is  apt  to  overlook  when  hidden  away 
in  small  type.  Such  is  the  story  of  the 
profane  intruder  into  the  supposed  cave  of 
Machpelah,  who  found  Sarah  herself 
there,  tidying  her  hair  with  a  comb,  winch 
she  indignantly  threw  at  him.  The 
obsolete  legend  of  the  "  suspending  "  of 
the  Mu'alla&at  in  the  Ka'ba  should  not, 
however,  have  found  a  place,  even  in  the 
most  obscure  note.  A  practised  student  of 
folk-lore  could  easily  have  added  to  these 
notes,  but  few  could  have  told  the  stories 
so  effectively.  The  only  suggestion  we 
feel  inclined  to  make  in  this  respect  is 
that  Mr.  Hanauer  would  do  well  to  let 
his  Eastern  humorists  speak  for  them- 
selves, and  refrain  from  importing  a  certain 
Western  touch  of  his  own.  We  should 
also  advise  him  or  Mr.  Pickthall  to  supply 
an  index. 


A  Scots  Earl  in  Covenanting  Times.  By 
.John  Willcock.  (Edinburgh,  Andrew 
Elliot.) 

Mr.  Willcock,  in  '  A  Scots  Earl  in 
Covenanting  Times,'  uses  Archibald,  ninth 
Earl  of  Argyll,  as  a  central  figure,  round 
which  he  can  group  the  events  and  per- 
sonages of  the  Restoration  in  Scotland. 
But  the  Earl  was  not  always  a  very 
prominent  and  important  figure ;  conse- 
quently, during  the  periods  when  he  is 
off  the  scene,  Mr.  Willcock's  book  is  a 
sketch  of  the  Restoration.  When  he 
confesses  that  '  Old  Mortality  '  injures 
his  feelings,  we  can  guess  at  what 
he  is  likely  to  say  on  most  matters, 
and  we  can  foresee  that  he  will  believe 
in  some  dubious  tales  by  Bishop 
Burnet.  But  Mr.  Willcock  knows  too 
much  to  take  the  ninth  Earl  of  Argyll 
for  a  Presbyterian  martyr.  The  man  who 
told  Lauderdale  that  he  approved  of 
torturing  ministers  who  were  out  in  the 
Pentland  rising  (1666), and  who  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Committee  of  the  Privy  Council 
which  was  entrusted  with  the  torture  of 
John  Spreul  (1681),  is  not  a  martyr  of 
Presbyterianism.  Mr.  Willcock  sees  that 
fact,  though  he  mentions  neither  of  the 
painful  circumstances  to  which  we  have 
referred. 

We  shall  not  follow  Mr.  Willcock 
through  his  general  essay  on  the  Restora- 
tion. He  would  have  better  occupied  his 
420  pages  in  clearing  up  the  rather  ob- 
scure causes  of  his  hero's  fall  than  in 
telling  a  familiar  story  in  the  familiar 
way.  He  has  not  been  idle ;  he  has 
received  much  help  from  the  family  of 
Argyll,  and  has  read  the  Duke's  copy 
of  the  MS.  of  the  Rev.  William  Veitch, 
at  once  the  D'Artagnan  and  the  Dumas 
of  the  Covenanting  cause.  But  the  MS. 
does  not  appear  to  add  much  of  importance 
to  the  copy  published  by  M'Crie;  and  while 
Mr.  Willcock  mentions  some  things  about 
the  early  life  of  the  Earl  which  are  novel 
to  us,  he  misses,  as  we  venture  to  think, 
points  essential  to  an  understanding  of 
his  career. 

We  agree  with  Mr.  Willcock  in  thinking 
that  the  Earl,  when  Lord  Lome,  took 
the  Cavalier  side  in  good  faith  ;  it  was 
not  the  usual  arrangement  between  him 
and  his  father,  the  Marquis.  Lome, 
as  Mr.  Willcock  shows,  had  been  little 
in  his  father's  company,  and  was  not  in 
harmony  with  his  politics.  Born  in 
1629,  he  was  fostered  in  the  old  Celtic 
fashion  (which  Caesar  describes  in  Gaul) 
by  Campbell  of  Glenorchy.  The  boy 
greatly  preferred  his  foster-father's  house, 
Balloch,  to  that  of  his  father,  Inveraray. 
The  sermons  may  have  been  shorter  and 
less  frequent,  and,  above  all,  they  were 
not  composed  by  the  Marquis  himself, 
at  Balloch.  Lome  was  old  enough  to 
have  fought  at  Inverlochy  and  Kilsythe, 
but  we  are  not  told  that  he  appeared 
for  his  clan.  In  1647  he  went  abroad 
for  two  years,  and  found  out  that,  in 
1637  or  1638,  the  Covenanters  and  his 
astute  sire  had  suppressed  the  unfavour- 
able answer  which  Geneva  returned  to 
1  their    demand     for    sympathy.     Geneva 


had    ■ometunes    treated    Knox    and    the 
Elizabethan   Puritans  with  similar  fold- 
Though  Lome  and  his  bride  looked 
on    gaily    when    the    great    Montrose    was 
led   ignominiously  under   their    windows, 
Lome  irae  later  a  good  friend  to  Charles  II. 
He  was  out  with  Glencairn  and  Ifiddleton 
in  1653-5,  while  his  sire  was  helping  the 
English    to    reduce    the    Macleans  ;     he 
suffered    a   long    imprisonment    for    the 
cause  ;  and,  in  short,  he  played  a  consistent 
and   honourable   part.     When    Middle  ton 
and  his  gang,  after  the  execution  of  the 
Marquis,  brought  Lome  under  the  elastic 
charge  of    "  leasing    making  "   (following 
the  example  set  by  Argyll  in  the  case  of 
Stewart  of    Ladywell),  Lauderdale    came 
to  his  rescue.     At  about  this  point  Mr. 
Willcock   slurs    a   necessary    part   of   his 
theme.     He  does  not  give  a  full  and  clear 
account  of  facts  which  first  lowered  the 
new  Earl  in  public  opinion,  and  were  later 
the  proximate  cause  of  his  ruin,  namely, 
the  debts  on  the  Argyll  estates,  and  the 
Earl's     "  oppression "     of     his    creditors 
and   tenants,    as     Fount ainhall    puts   it, 
with  the    implicit    corroboration  of    Sir 
George    Mackenzie    in    his    '  Memoirs    of 
the    Affairs    of     Scotland.'      We     must 
remind  Mr.  Willcock  that  the  impartial 
Fountainhall    frequently    refers    to    the 
Earl's  unfairness  to  his  creditors,  and  tells 
how  he   "  beat   Madame  Brisbane  down- 
stairs "      for     demanding    her     interest. 
Fountainhall    thinks    that     in    his    ruin 
Argyll  should  have  recognized  a  punish- 
ment    well     deserved.       This    must    be 
remembered  ;    nor   must   it  be  forgotten 
that  Burnet  says 

"  he  had  not  behaved  himself  in  prosperity 
like  a  man  that  thought  he  might  at  some 
time  or  another  need  the  affections  of  his 
people,  and  he  felt  that  now,"  in  1685 
(Miss  Foxcroft,  ■  Burnet's  Original  Memoirs,' 
p.  158). 

Mr.  Willcock  (p.  118)  omits  the  essence 
of  the  passage  to  which  he  refers  in 
'  Burnet's  Original  Memoirs '  (p.  6). 
The  Marquis  of  Argyll,  during  the 
Civil  War,  "  pretended  that  for  secur- 
ing himself  he  was  forced  to  buy  in" 
Huntly's  "  previous  debts  and  mortgages." 
Some  said  that  he  got  the  paper  very 
cheap  ;  he  said  that  he  paid  high  prices  ; 
in  any  case,  he  and  his  son  became  bound 
for  about  20,0007.  of  Huntly's  debts,  at 
par.  Huntly  was  restored,  while  Lome 
was  left  responsible  for  the  Huntly  debts, 
"  and  this  was  the  true  occasion  of  all 
the  hardship  that  Lome  was  afterwards 
put  in,  which  raised  such  a  clamour 
against  him."  There  were  countless  other 
claims,  including  those  of  poor  creditors, 
like  the  lady  who  was  "  beaten  down- 
stairs." But  there  was  another  bad 
consequence  of  the  Marquis's  financing, 
and  that  consequence  was  fatal  to  the 
Earl. 

Mr.  Willcock  touches  lightly  on  this 
circumstance  (p.  170,  pp.  197-200).  In 
December,  1669,  Lauderdale  pushed 
through  "Argyll's  donative  of  his  father's 
forfeiture,  against  which  the  Earls  of 
Errol  and  Kingkorn,  the  Lairds  of 
Maclean,  and  very  many  others  opposed," 
says    Mackenzie,    as    creditors,    and    for 


No.  4191,  Feb.  22,  1908 


THE     ATHENJEUM 


219 


other  reasons.  Lauderdale  carried  his 
point  by  force  of  bullying,  but  the  cry  of 
the  creditors  and  of  the  Macleans  pursued 
Argyll  to  his  doom.  Mr.  Willcock  merely 
says  (p.  197),  "The  Laird  of  Maclean, 
whose  headquarters  had  been  in  the  isle 
of  Mull,  had  been  in  debt  to  the  Mar- 
quess of  Argyll";  and  he  tells  how  the 
Earl,  by  form  of  law,  took  forcible  posses- 
sion of  Mull,  how  the  affair  was  referred 
to  the  Privy  Council  in  1676,  how  the 
debt  of  Maclean  was  over  27,000?.  sterling, 
how  the  King  (1679)  supported  Argyll 
as  having  shown  "  prudence  and  modera- 
tion," and  how  he  seized  Mull,  the 
Macleans  continuing  in  arms.  But  Mr. 
Willcock  does  not  tell  us  how  the  Maclean 
debt  arose  and  how  it  accumulated, 
nor  question  the  justice  of  reducing 
the  bravest  and  most  loyal  of  the  clans 
— the  heroes  of  Inverkeithing  and  the 
victims — to  the  condition  of  the  landless 
Macgregors.  The  Maclean  version  (we  do 
not  give  it  as  infallible,  but  it  should  not 
be  omitted)  is  that  the  Marquis,  in  1642 — 
upon  pretence  of  some  debts  wherein  he 
was  oaution  for  Sir  Lachlan  of  Duart, 
and  of  feu  duties  to  the  Bishop  of  the 
Isles,  which  he  had  to  collect,  and  other 
public  debts — forced  Lachlan  to  give  him 
a  bond  for  14,0007.  Scots,  "  and  to  sub- 
scribe on  account  16,000?.,  with  annual 
interest."  Lachlan's  lands  being  burnt 
in  Montrose's  wars,  he  could  not  pay. 
He  died,  and  his  son,  Sir  Hector,  paid 
10,000?.,  and  gave  "  a  bond  of  corrobora- 
tion for  60,000?.,  in  which  the  aforesaid 
30,000?.  and  annual  rents  were  accumu- 
lated." Sir  Hector  fell  gloriously  at 
Inverkeithing,  but  the  clan  paid  22,000?. 
The  next  demand  was  for  85,000?.  ;  by 
1665  it  was  125,000?.,  and  in  1674  the 
Maclean  chief  was  a  child  of  four.  By 
1676  the  sum  was  200,000?.,  "for 
which  the  deceased  Marquis  never  paid 
10,000?.  on  Maclean's  account."  The 
Macleans  were  to  lose  not  only  Mull, 
but  also  apparently  Morvern.  Briefly 
this  is  the  Maclean  account,  supplied 
to  the  Privy  Council,  and  they  fought 
for  their  own  with  great  ferocity.  Mr. 
Willcock  neither  gives  the  Maclean  version, 
nor  quotes  Fountainhall's  impartial  state- 
ment that  the  Earl  "  got  letters  of  fire 
and  sword  against  them ....  and  all  upon 
patched -up  claims  and  decreets  in  his  own 
Courts."  He  "  had  walked  legally  and 
warily  enough,"  but  was  "  ambitiously 
grasping  at  the  Highlands  and  western 
islands  of  Mull,  Islay,  &c."  Mr.  Willcock 
refers  to  this  passage,  but  does  not  quote 
it,  in  the  account  of  the  Earl's  flight 
from  a  "caption  "  for  his  own  debt  of 
8,000  merks  to  Roderick  Mackenzie. 

The  result  was  that,  in  1680,  the 
Duke  of  York  determined,  he  says,  to 
rescue  "  the  ancient  and  honourable 
clan  of  Maclean,"  and  to  deprive  the  Earl 
of  his  vast  jurisdictions,  "  his  own  Courts." 
We  have,  though  they  aro  not  quoted, 
Sir  George  Mackenzie's  letters  to  Lauder- 
dale (1680-81)  about  his  own  efforts  to  de- 
fend Argyll's  cause.  Now  it  was  the  Earl's 
ambition,  and  his  accumulative  methods, 
with  his  debts  —  it  was  not  his  Pro- 
testantism— that   sealed    his  doom,  most 


unjustly  procured  as  was  his  sentence. 
He  had  not  been,  like  Hamilton,  in 
ceaseless  and  cautious  opposition.  The 
Cameronians  accused  him  of  determining 
by  his  vote  the  death  of  Cargill.  He 
was  foremost,  in  1681,  in  demanding  the 
exclusion  of  Catholics,  except  the  Duke 
of  York,  from  the  throne.  But,  when  it 
came  to  his  giving  a  verbal  explanation 
of  the  sense  in  which  he  would  take  the 
Te-t,  the  Duke  of  York  accepted  it,  "with 
a  well  -  satisfied  countenance  and  the 
honour  of  a  smile,  commanding  him  to 
take  his  place  "  in  Council  (p.  261). 

All  would  have  been  well,  as  far  as 
James  was  concerned  ;  but  Mr.  Willcock 
does  not  observe  that  the  mischief  came 
on  Argyll  from  Protestant  foes.  They, 
as  ho  will  see  if  he  consults  his  authority, 
'The  Case  for  the  Earl  of  Argyll,'  and 
compares  Mackenzie's  '  Vindication ' 
(1691),  were  Gordon  of  Had  do  and 
Mackenzie  of  Tarbet,  with  Roxburghe 
acting,  apparently,  in  the  interests  of 
Errol  and  other  creditors  ;  Tarbet  was 
also  akin  to  Seaforth,  a  backer  of  the 
Macleans.  These  Protestants  it  was  who, 
for  their  own  reasons,  convinced  the  Duke 
of  York  that  the  Earl's  explanation  of 
the  sense  in  which  he  took  the  Test 
was  treasonable.  The  Duke  caught  at 
the  opportunity  of  saving  the  Macleans 
and  stripping  Argyll  of  "  his  own  Courts," 
and  consequent  mastery  of  the  Highlands. 
Whether  James  meant  to  have  him  exe- 
cuted, whether  his  escape  was  collusive 
or  not,  are  disputed  questions  on  which 
it  is  useless  to  enter.  It  appears  to  us 
that  Mr.  Willcock  has  insufficiently  studied 
and  stated  the  facts  of  the  case.  To 
expiscate  them  more  fully  here  is  im- 
possible. The  book  has  many  interesting 
passages,  and  Argyll's  rising  is  treated 
much  more  fairly  and  accurately  than  in 
Macaulay's  '  History.'  The  Earl  was 
a  brave  man,  with  many  excellent  quali- 
ties, marred  at  times  by  a  vivacity  of 
temper  due,  perhaps,  to  the  almost  fatal 
blow  which  he  received  on  his  head  before 
the  Restoration.  James  himself  thought 
that  strategy  dictated  to  the  Earl  a  march 
to  the  English  border,  whereas  he  dallied 
vaguely  in  his  owncountry.  But  no  strategy 
could  have  saved  him  :  Galloway  would 
not  have  risen  for  a  persecutor  without 
a  definite  programme,  and  Mr.  Willcock 
proves  that  Argyll  had  none.  The  Index 
is  good,  but  some  of  the  references  to 
sources  may  give  trouble  by  being  in- 
correctly printed. 


The  Guanches  of  Tenerife :  the  Holy 
Image  of  Our  Lady  of  Candelaria,  and 
the  Spanish  Conquest  and  Settlement. 
By  the  Friar  Alonso  de  Espinosa. 
Translated  and  edited  by  Sir  Clements 
Markham.     (Hakluyt  Society.) 

"  Tenerife,"  says  Sir  Clements  Markham 
in  his  Introduction  to  his  translation  of 
Espinosa's  work,  "  is  an  island  of  quite 
exceptional  beauty  and  interest,  gifted 
by  Nature  with  every  attraction  that  can 
please  the  eye,  and  by  every  advantage 
of  climate,  soil,  and  position."  It  is  no 
wonder    then    that    the    writers   on    this 


island  have  been  many,  and  some  of 
them  eminent,  Humboldt  having  de- 
scribed its  botany,  Lyell  its  geology,  and 
Canon  Tristram  its  ornithology,  to  men- 
tion a  few  out  of  the  many  names  regis- 
tered in  the  elaborate  bibliographical 
lists  given  at  the  end  of  the  book  under 
notice,  the  works  ranging  from  1341  to 
1907.  The  inhabitants  of  Tenerife  also 
are  an  industrious  and  enterprising  people  : 
when  the  vines  that  produced  the  famous 
Canary  wine  were  destroyed  by  disease, 
the  cultivators  turned  to  cochineal ; 
and  when  this  industry  was  ruined  by 
the  discovery  of  aniline  dyes,  the  peasants 
took  to  growing  potatoes,  tomatoes,  and 
bananas. 

Great,  however,    as    are    the    natural 
beauties  of  Tenerife,  and  excellent  as  are 
the    characteristics    of    its    present     in- 
habitants,   these    are    not    matters    that 
directly    concern    such    a    body    as    the 
Hakluyt  Society,  whose  publications  deal 
with  history  which  is  more  or  less  remote. 
In   the   case   of   the   Canary   Islands,    of 
which  Tenerife  forms  the  midmost,  flanked 
by  six  on  the  east  and  six  on  the  west, 
authentic     information     is     very     sparse 
before     the    beginning    of    the    fifteenth 
century,  when  Messire  Jean  de  Bethen- 
court,  Chamberlain  to  King  Charles  VI. 
of  France,   and  his  force  conquered  the 
two  easternmost  islands,  Lanzarote  and 
Fuerteventura,    and    then    Gomera    and 
Hierro,  and  made  descents  upon  Canaria, 
only   to   be   driven   back   to   their   ships 
by    its    inhabitants.     The    story    of    this 
"  discovery "     and    conquest    has    been 
graphically  told  by  a  monk  and  a  priest 
who   accompanied  the   expedition ;    and 
their  narrative,  translated  and  ably  edited 
by  the  late  Mr.  R.  H.  Major,  was  issued 
by  the  Hakluyt  Society  in  1872.     These 
French  acquisitions   having  passed    into 
the  possession  of  the  Spanish  by  purchase, 
the  new  owners  were  not  very  long  in 
seeking  to  bring  the  other  islands  under 
the  domination  of  Spain  ;    and  in   1464 
Diego  de  Herrera  landed  at  Bufadero,  on 
the  north-east  coast    of  Tenerife,   where 
he  made  a  treaty  of  peace  and  friendship 
with  the  overlords  of  the  island.     For  a 
time  the  people  of  Tenerife  were  left   to 
themselves  ;  but  after  Sancho  de  Herrera, 
son  of  Diego,  came  to  settle  in  Anaza  and 
built   a   tower,    misunderstandings    arose 
between  the  Spaniards  and  the  natives, 
and  the  former  had  to  retire  from   the 
island.     Once  more  the  people  of  Tenerife 
had  rest,  until  Pedro  de  Vera,  governor  of 
Canaria,  "  having,"  as  Friar  Alonso  says, 
"  subjugated  that  island  in  1483,  came  to 
the  conclusion  that,  in  order  that  Canaria 
might   continue   quiet   and   in   peace,    it 
would  be  well  to  get  the  principal  and 
most  valiant  of  the  natives  out  of  tho 
island  by  engaging  them  in  the  conquest 
of  Tenerife."     Accordingly  an  expedition 
to     Tenerife     was     made,     when     many 
prisoners  and  flocks  were  captured  and 
carried  off.     Retribution,  however,  over- 
took Pedro  de  Vera,  who  was  some  years 
later  recalled  to  Spain  on  the  charge  of 
selling  Christian  natives  of  Gomera.     But 
the   extinction    of    the   Guanches    as    an 
independent  people  was  now  near  at  hand. 


220 


T  II  E     ATI!  KN.KUM 


No.  L191.  Fi.i'.  22,  L908 


In  .May.  1403,  Alonso  de  Lugo,  having 
obtained  from  their  majesties  at  Spain 
i  concession  of  the-  oonquest  oi  Tenerife 

and  I'alma.  landed  at  the  porl  now  called 
Santa  CrUI  with  a  thousand  soldiers,  and, 

soon  overcoming  the  little  opposition 
offered  by  the  natives,  marched  inland  to 
Laguna,  where  he  pitched  his  camp. 
Thither  came  the  overlord  of  Taoro, 
Benoomo  by  name,  to  learn  the  intentions 
of  the  invaders.  Having  ascertained  that 
it  was  required  that  he  and  his  people 
should  become  Christians  and  subjects  of 
the  King  of  Spain,  Bencomo  replied  that 
he  did  not  understand  what  Christianity 
was,  so  could  not  answer  on  that  point ; 
while  the  proposal  that  he  should  subject 
himself  to  the  King  of  Spain  appeared  to 
him  unreasonable.  With  that  he  retired 
to  Taoro.  And  here  the  good  friar  who 
chronicles  these  events  pauses  to  give 
expression  to  an  admirable  sentiment.  "  It 
is  an  acknowledged  fact,"  he  says, 
"  both  as  regards  divine  and  human  right, 
that  the  wars  waged  by  the  Spaniards 
against  the  natives  of  these  islands,  as  well 
as  against  the  Indians  in  the  Western 
regions,  were  unjust  and  without  any  reason 
to  support  them.  For  the  natives  had  not 
taken  the  lands  of  Christians,  nor  had  they 
gone  beyond  their  own  frontier  to  molest 
or  invade  their  neighbours.  If  it  is  said 
that  the  Spaniards  brought  the  Gospel,  this 
should  have  been  done  by  admonition 
and  preaching — not  by  drum  and  banner  ; 
by  persuasion,  not  by  force." 

Excellent  advice  that  is  not  out  of  date, 
though  written  over  three  centuries  ago. 
But,  to  return  to  our  history,  Alonso  de 
Lugo,  misjudging  the  power  of  the  natives, 
marched  without  resistance  on  Orotava, 
whence  he  carried  off  a  large  number  of 
sheep.  But  as  the  Spanish  force  was 
returning,  it  found  the  heights  of  a  pass 
which  it  had  to  traverse  occupied  by  three 
hundred  Guanches,  under  the  command 
of  Bencomo's  brother  Zinguaro ;  and, 
taken  at  a  disadvantage,  the  Spaniards 
suffered  a  severe  defeat  and  great  loss. 
Among  the  small  number  that  escaped  was 
Alonso  de  Lugo  ;  and,  not  to  be  balked 
of  his  prey,  this  captain  collected  a  still 
larger  force,  with  which,  in  November, 
1494,  he  again  landed  in  Tenerife.  On 
this  occasion  he  was  more  fortunate,  the 
brave  Guanches  being  defeated  after  a 
stubborn  fight.  The  loss  of  life  among 
the  natives  in  this  and  subsequent  engage- 
ments was  great,  and  what  war  began 
pestilence  completed  ;  so  that,  by  the  time 
Tenerife  was  fully  "  pacified,"  the  number 
of  Guanches  left  was  a  miserable  rem- 
nant which  before  long  became  absorbed 
in  the  dominant  race.  We  need  not 
continue  the  story  further,  though  Friar 
Alonso  de  Espinosa  brings  it  down  to  the 
period  when  he  wrote,  viz.,  the  end  of  the 
sixteenth  century.  It  is  in  the  third 
book  of  the  friar's  work  that  he  gives 
these  details,  written  long  after  their 
occurrence,  but  founded  largely  on  official 
documents  and  trustworthy  information. 
The  first  book  is  devoted  to  an  interest- 
ing description  of  the  island  of  Tenerife 
and  its  former  inhabitants  the  Guanches 
(Guanche  is  a  contraction  of  Guanchinerfe 
=  "  son  of  Tenerife  ")— their  customs  (in- 


cluding  the   curious   method    of   disposing 

■  •I  their  deadi,  die---,  agriculture,  &c. 
Though  when  he  wrote  very  feu  Guanches 
remained,  the  good  friar  was  at  the  atmoal 

pains  to  obtain  trustworthy  information 
regarding  the  race;  and  a  debt  of  gratitude 
is  due  to  him  for  preserving  for  us  the 
knowledge  of  what  might  otherwise  have 
perished. 

Friar  Alonso's  main  object,  however,  in 
writing  his  work  was  to  record  the  history 
of  Our  Lady  of  Candelaria,  a  wonderful 
image  of  a  woman  (holding  an  infant  on 
one  arm,  and  with  the  hand  of  the  other 
grasping  a  candle)  that  came  to  the  island 
(from  heaven,  evidently)  in  pie-Spanish 
times,  and  was  venerated  first  by  the 
Guanches,  and  then  by  their  conquerors. 
This  image,  which  was  ultimately  en- 
shrined at  Chinguoro,  on  the  east  coast 
of  Tenerife,  is  fully  treated  and  de- 
scribed in  the  third  book,  while  in  the 
fourth  are  recorded  the  miracles  wrought 
through  its  efficacy.  (Sir  Clements 
Markham,  wisely,  has  not  translated 
this  book,  but  gives  only  the  list  of 
miracles.)  In  November,  1826,  unhappily, 
a  great  disaster  overtook  the  image,  a 
mountain  flood  carrying  it  into  the  sea, 
where  it  was  lost  for  ever.  This  is  a 
pity,  as  perhaps  some  modern  scholar 
might  have  succeeded  in  interpreting 
the  mysterious  letterings  that,  according 
to  our  author,  were  inscribed  on  its  gar- 
ments. As  he  gives  them,  they  certainly 
seem  unintelligible,  though  one  learned 
Spanish  antiquary  has  attempted  to 
explain  three  of  the  eight  inscriptions 
as  consisting  of  the  initial  letters  of 
certain  Latin  words.  The  portrait  of 
the  image,  drawn  by  Juan  Perez  in  1703, 
and  reproduced  as  a  frontispiece  to  this 
translation,  shows  no  lettering  at  all. 
Another  image  has  been  substituted 
for  the  heaven-sent  lost  one,  and  from 
the  report  of  its  present  condition,  by 
Miss  Ethel  Thew,  it  would  seem  that 
Our  Lady  of  Candelaria  No.  2  is  not 
less  popular  than  her  predecessor. 

Sir  Clements  Markham  has  enhanced 
the  value  of  his  translation  by  his  excellent 
Introduction  and  two  good  maps,  one 
of  the  island  of  Tenerife,  and  the  other 
of  the  land  of  "  Our  Lady  of  Candelaria." 
He  has  also  done  well  in  giving  all  the 
remnants  (few  indeed)  of  the  Guanche 
language,  with  translations  of  the  words 
and  sentences  as  far  as  it  is  possible  to 
make  them,  some  words  remaining  un- 
explainable,  in  spite  of  the  labours  of 
the  late  Marquis  of  Bute  and  other  scholars 
who  have  attempted  to  discover  their 
signification.  As  regards  the  translation 
itself,  it  is  not  free  from  inaccuracies. 
For  instance,  the  passage  in  Latin  on 
pp.  28-9  (which  contains  a  number  of 
misprints),  though  correctly  rendered  by 
Friar  Alonso  into  Spanish,  is  very  in- 
correct in  the  English  translation.  St. 
Brendan  (Blandanus)  becomes  "  a  fair 
man  "  ;  the  "  blessed  Maclovius  "  is 
omitted  altogether,  and  his  resuscitation 
of  a  dead  giant  consequently  attributed 
to  his  colleague  ;  and  the  Jews  are  not 
permitted  to  share  with  the  pagans  the 
pains   of   hell.     On   p.    28   Friar   Alonso 


expresses  hi-  opinion  that  "  the  Go 
derive   their   descent   from    Africans,   as 

well  because  of  tin-  contiguity  of  the 
mainland,  as  by  reason  of  the  close 
mblance  in  customs  and  language, 
and  the  method  of  counting.  It  may  be 
added,"  Sir  Clements  makes  him  saj . 
"  that  the  words  for  gofia  [the  staple  food 
of  the  islanders,  a  porridge  of  barley 
meal  and  milk],  milk,  and  grease  are 
the  same."  This  misrepresents  Friai 
Alonso,  who  actually  says  that  "  the  foodi 
are  the  same,  such  as  gofia,  milk,  and 
butter."  Sir  Clements  in  other  places 
renders  manteiga  by  "  grease,"  though  it 
equally  means  "  butter."  He  seems  unduly 
attracted  by  the  word  "  grease,"  for 
on  p.  33  we  read  of  a  handmill,  "  like 
those  in  Spain  for  grinding  the  grease  of 
bullocks."  This  is  sheer  nonsense,  the 
word  cebo  here  meaning,  of  course,  "  food." 
A  little  below  this  we  read  of  a  feast  given 
by  the  reigning  lord,  "  consisting  of  heads 
of  cattle,  gofio,  milk,  and  grease."  The 
last  word  should  again  be  "  butter," 
and  the  original  says  nothing  whatever 
about  any  "  heads  of  cattle."  There  are 
other  mistranslations,  and  a  good  many 
misprints  or  errors  in  the  transcription  of 
words,  for  the  latter  of  which  the  editor 
must  be  held  liable.  On  p.  130  the  word 
"  seligreses "  should  be  feligreses,  and 
should  have  been  translated  as  "  parish- 
ioners "  ;  while  five  lines  lower  down 
"  disindores "  should  be  difi?iidores,  for 
which,  again,  the  English  equivalent 
might  have  been  given.  On  p.  125,  for 
no  apparent  reason,  the  words  "  Vice- 
Provincial  of  the  Order  of  St.  Dominick  " 
are  omitted,  and  dots  (..  ...)  substituted. 
We  allow  ourselves  one  other  complaint. 
Why,  in  three  out  of  the  four  versified 
"  arguments "  prefixed  to  the  different 
books,  is  "  Nivaria "  accented  on  the 
third  syllable,  while  in  the  fourth  the 
accent  falls,  correctly,  on  the  second 
syllable  ?  Beyond  these  blemishes  Sir 
Clements  Markham's  edition  of  Friar 
Alonso  de  Espinosa's  book  leaves  little 
to  carp  at ;  and  we  think  he  was  well 
advised  to  translate,  and  the  Hakluyt 
Society  to  print,  a  work  of  real  value  and 
interest. 


Historical  Essays  and  Studies.  By  Baron 
Acton.  Edited  by  John  N.  Figgis  and 
Reginald  V.  Laurence.  (Macmillan  & 
Co.) 
This  volume  of  "  essays  and  studies  "  is 
published  as  a  second  to  '  The  History  of 
Freedom,'  and,  in  spite  of  the  rather 
misleading  advertisements,  it  has  not  a 
separate  introduction.  It  consists  of 
articles  and  reviews  contributed  during 
a  long  period  (1858-92)  to  magazines 
and  societies  differing  greatly  in  cha- 
racter and  aim.  The  nature  of  the 
articles  varies  according  to  the  organ  in 
which  they  appeared.  Those  contributed 
to  The  English  Historical  Review  form 
rather  more  severe  reading  than  those 
from  The  Rambler  or  The  Nineteenth 
Century. 

They  may  be  divided  roughly  into  biblio- 
graphical   and    biographical    essays,    the 


No.  4191,  Feb.  22,  1908 


THE    ATHENAEUM 


221 


former  exceellntly  instructive  to  the 
student,  the  latter  often  rather  dull 
reading  for  scholar  and  layman  alike. 
The  two  types  may  best  be  illustrated  by 
the  masterly  article  on  '  German  Schools 
of  History,'  as  valuable  to-day  as  when 
it  was  contributed  to  the  first  volume  of 
The  English  Historical  Review  in  1886, 
and  the  pronouncement  on  Cavour  con- 
tributed to  The  Rambler  in  1861.  The 
latter,  eminently  discriminating,  and  inter- 
esting because  of  its  date,  fails  to  sustain 
interest  because  it  gives  no  real  picture 
of  the  man.  Acton  is  at  his  best  as  an 
historian  of  ideas,  especially  when  he  is 
content  to  let  his  "  moral  "  view  of  history 
fall  into  the  background.  His  power  of 
generalization,  of  connecting  cause  and 
effect,  is  most  evident  in  the  lecture  on 
'  The  Civil  War  in  America,'  which  reads 
like  an  essay  in  that  political  science 
the  rigidity  of  which  he  was,  perhaps, 
inclined  to  exaggerate. 

Acton's  style,  in  spite  of  its  dignity 
and  a  certain  power  of  metaphor,  seldom 
triumphs  over  his  subject ;  occasionally 
the  subject  triumphs  over  the  style,  as 
in  the  article  on  '  The  Secret  History  of 
Charles  II.,'  where  the  fascinating  story 
of  the  bastard  prince  and  Jesuit  priest 
James  de  la  Cloche  seems  to  awaken  the 
artist  in  the  historian. 

Even  the  "  reviews "  in  this  volume 
are  in  the  nature  of  original  essays,  for 
Acton's  conception  of  a  review  was 
well  above  the  ordinary.  Besides  the 
abundant  additions  and  corrections 
which  he  was  able  to  bring  to  the 
most  careful  historical  work,  his  criti- 
cism was  directed  against  what  he  con- 
ceived to  be  indolence  of  method,  which 
led  to  two  abuses  :  the  exaggeration  of 
the  mere  events  of  history  at  the  expense 
of  the  underlying  ideas,  and  the  tendency 
of  modern  historians  to  shirk  the  passing 
of  moral  judgments  on  historical  person- 
ages. With  his  pleading  for  the  vital 
tilings  in  history,  even  in  the  criticism  of 
so  able  and  pleasant  an  historian  as 
Creighton  (in  an  article  on  the  '  History  of 
the  Papacy  '),  we  cannot  but  sympathize  ; 
and  there  is  a  certain  justice,  too,  in  his 
protest  against  the  frequent  and  easy 
ascription  of  peculiarities  of  action  and 
character  to  the  "  spirit  of  the  age." 

The  arguments  with  which  he  sup- 
ported the  position  that  "  the  inflex- 
ible dignity  of  the  moral  code  is  the 
secret  of  the  authority,  the  dignify,  the 
utility  of  history,"  are  set  forth  in  letters 
to  Creighton  given  in  the  appendix  to 
this  volume.  His  statements  prove  that 
his  attitude  amounted  to  a  definite  bias  ; 
and  a  bias  in  the  more  invidious  sense  it 
undoubtedly  was  :  "  My  dogma  is  not 
the  special  wickedness  of  my  own  spiritual 
superiors,  but  the  general  wickedness  of 
men  in  authority."  It  has  often  been 
said  that  Acton  did  not  allow  lus  theories 
to  affect  his  judgment  of  individuals ;  but 
the  present  reviewer  cannot  agree  with 
this  verdict.  In  this  volume  ample 
evidence  is  given  of  his  readiness  to  ascribe 
the  lower  motive  alike  to  men  in  authority 
and  to  those  subject  to  authority.  It 
appears  again  and  again — in  his  dissent 


from  Creighton's  belief  in  the  sincerity 
of  Savonarola,  or  in  his  own  disbelief  in 
the  sincerity  of  Mabillon's  recognition  of 
prescription  as  an  argument  for  the 
genuineness  of  relics.  In  his  estimate  of 
Wolsey  he  is,  perhaps,  nearer  the  truth 
than  was  Brewer,  who  went  extraordinary 
lengths  to  excuse  the  immorality  of 
Wolsey's  private  life.  In  his  anxiety  to 
emphasize  the  unmitigated  wickedness  of 
Alexander  VI.  he  makes  an  ambiguous 
statement  which  he  supports  equally 
ambiguously  by  an  abbreviated  quotation 
(thus  violating  the  canons  he  was  wont  to 
emphasize).  In  his  essay  on  '  The  Borgias ' 
(a  review  of  the  '  History  of  Mediaeval 
Rome,'  by  Gregorovius),  speaking  of 
Alfonso  and  John,  two  kings  of  Portugal 
who  were  supposed  to  have  died  under 
sentence  of  excommunication,  he  states 
that  "  the  Pope  gave  them  posthumous 
absolution  on  condition  that  their  suc- 
cessor discharged  their  debts  to  the 
Church."  A  foot-note  gives  an  abbre- 
viated quotation  from  the  '  Corpo  Diplo- 
matic Portuguez,'  i.  39.  As  it  stands 
it  proves  nothing  ;  but  when  we  turn  to 
that  authority  we  find  that  the  tale  is 
not  even  told  correctly.  Acton's  sugges- 
tion is  that  Alexander  made  some  profit 
from  the  transaction,  but  this  does  not 
appear  from  the  authority  quoted.  These 
kings  had  taken  some  goods  from  certain 
churches  and  monasteries,  and  had  con- 
sequently incurred  sentence  of  excommuni- 
cation, in  which  their  successor  Emmanuel 
(anxious  now  to  make  his  peace  with  the 
Church)  was  involved.  Alexander  issued 
faculties  for  his  absolution  to  the 
Bishop  of  Oporto,  in  which  his  pre- 
decessors were  formally  included,  they 
having  shown  manifest  signs  of  penitence 
at  their  deaths,  and  satisfaction  now  being 
made  to  the  churches  and  monasteries 
which  they  had  despoiled.  (Such  satis- 
faction was,  of  course,  involved  inter- 
pretatively  in  true  penance.)  Acton 
emphasizes  the  second  condition,  and 
does  not  mention  the  first  in  his  text ;  in 
his  note  he  quotes  the  first  and  does  not 
mention  the  second.  Really  there  is  no 
ground  for  his  criticism  of  Alexander  on 
this  subject.  The  Pope  surely  meant  only 
to  give  formal  expression  to  the  accom- 
plished fact,  and  was  not  making  a  new 
and  corrupt  departure  in  the  traditions 
of  the  Papacy.  This  case  illustrates  rather 
startlingly  the  way  in  which  a  bias  may 
influence  even  so  conscientious  an  his- 
torian as  Acton. 

All  the  essays  in  this  volume  were 
worth  reprinting,  though  perhaps  the 
two  on  Buckle  might  have  been  spared. 
His  work  does  not  require  such  close 
criticism  at  this  date.  The  essay  on 
'  The  Life  of  George  Eliot '  is  the  only 
purely  literary  article  in  the  book,  and 
this  is  historical  in  its  method,  and 
characteristic  in  emphasizing  the  didactic 
element  in  her  writings. 

Some  details  of  editing  are  open  to 
criticism.  The  titles  of  the  articles  are 
perhaps  rather  long  for  repetition  at  the 
head  of  each  page,  but  the  abbreviations 
adopted  are  awkward.  We  notice  some 
misprints  :    1868  instead  of  1668  (p.  104)  ; 


"  site  "  for  sight  (p.  Ill)  ;  "  resolution  " 
for  revolution  (p.  184).  The  volume  is 
welcome  as  giving  permanent  form  to 
much  weighty,  and  some  invaluable, 
work  by  a  great  modern  scholar. 


NEW    NOVELS. 


The  Mother.     By  Eden  Phillpotts.    (Ward, 

Lock  &  Co.) 
Mr.  Phillpotts  generally  manages  to  secure 
simple  and  primitive  themes  with  a  uni- 
versal appeal,  which  is  one  of  the  reasons 
for  his  popularity.  He  does  not,  how- 
ever, put  them  in  the  limelight  after  the 
melodramatic  manner  of,  say,  Mr.  Hall 
Caine.  On  the  contrary,  he  observes 
a  certain  austerity  in  his  treatment  of 
human  nature,  which  is  perhaps  more 
noticeable  in  his  latest  novel  than  in  its 
forerunners.  This  tale  is  one  of  mother- 
love — of  the  influence  of  a  maternal  affec- 
tion outlasting  death  and  reaching  beyond 
the  grave.  The  figure  of  Avisa  Pomeroy 
is  drawn  with  great  tenderness  and 
detail.  It  becomes  under  the  hands  of 
Mr.  Phillpotts  a  vivid  portrait  with  all 
the  lines  and  colours  of  life.  We  have  only 
one  exception  to  take,  and  that  is  to  the 
scene  in  which  Mrs.  Pomeroy  points  out 
to  the  police  the  hiding-place  of  her  son. 
This  strikes  us  as  wholly  beyond  the  possi- 
bilities even  of  a  far-sighted  mother. 
Avisa  had  not  the  large  eyes  of  Providence, 
and  she  would  assuredly  at  least  have 
left  the  police  to  their  own  quest.  The 
various  characters  of  the  tale  are  drawn 
with  care  and  skill,  particularly  Rachel 
Bolt  and  her  weak  husband.  One  of  the 
best  passages  in  the  book  deals  with  this 
husband's  conduct  on  the  discovery  of 
his  wife's  faithlessness.  The  men  and 
women  of  the  moorland  are,  as  is  usual 
with  this  author,  rendered  with  sympathy, 
individuality,  and  a  sense  of  humour. 
Chief  of  these  is  the  old  poacher,  who 
becomes  reformed,  with  the  old  Adam  yet 
in  his  heart.  Mr.  Phillpotts  has  a  famous 
style,  rich  and  generous,  and  his  moor 
draws  the  best  out  of  him.  His  pictures 
of  nature  are  singularly  vivid  and  delect- 
able. The  most  notable  point  in  this 
book  is  the  greater  ease  and  quietness 
which  his  methods  have  acquired.  In  this 
respect  and  in  others  '  The  Mother ' 
ranks  high  among  his  works. 


Clementina's  Highwayman.  By  Robert 
Neilson  Stephens  and  George  Hembert 
Westley.     (Hurst  &  Blackett.) 

The  authors  of  this  entertaining  romance 
are  at  some  pains  to  indicate  that  they 
have  studied  the  period  in  which  it  is 
set.  Oddly  enough,  they  show  familiarity 
with  many  of  the  manners  and  habits 
of  the  time,  yet  betray  an  unhistorical 
credulity  in  other  mat  Ins.  For  example, 
an  appendix  of  notes  gives  a  most  romant  ic 
account  of  the  highwayman,  and  we  are 
invited  to  accept  "some  of  the  finesl 
gentlemen  of  the  day"  as  tobymen. 
Tom  King  is  mentioned,  and  Dick  Turpin 
is  called  as  witness.  As  a  matter  of  fact. 
these  and  other  highwaymen  were  merely 


.).).) 


T  II  E     ATII  KN7KUM 


No.  4191,  Feb.  22,  1908 


sordid  rognei  with  ao  alleviating  qualities' 

r.ut  that  bai  nothing  to  <1<>  \\ith  the  tale. 
which  ia  bright  and  exciting,  and  seems 
to  promise  dramatic  developments. 


Sallij   Bishop,     By  E.  Temple  Thurston. 
(Chapman  &  Hall.) 

1  \  ease,  general  method,  and  work- 
manship tins  novel  marks  a  material 
advance  on  the  part  of  Mr.  Thurston. 
It  is  a  serious  essay  in  fiction,  and  deserves 
serious  treatment.  Till  the  end  of  time 
we  shall  have  the  prohlem  of  Sally  Bishop 
with  us.  and  for  that  very  reason  it  will 
always  find  a  place  in  fiction.  Mr.  Thurs- 
ton makes  the  mistake  of  assuming 
a  more  or  less  defiant  attitude  in  his 
dedication.  The  book  did  not  need  any 
explanations  ;  it  is  its  own  explanation, 
and  the  story  is  a  far  more  powerful 
argument  than  any  personal  address  by 
the  author.  Mr.  Thurston  flourishes  two 
chapters  somewhat  aggressively  at  the 
reader ;  and  one  of  these  is  rather 
grotesque  and  the  other  superfluous. 
Neither  is  necessary  for  the  evolution 
of  the  story ;  and  one  has  the  dis- 
advantage of  being  likely  to  shock 
some  people.  But  in  essentials  '  Sally 
Bishop  '  is  all  right.  It  is  certainly  not 
a  romance  {vide  Mr.  Thurston's  dedication 
once  more)  ;  it  is  a  realistic  study  of 
passion.  We  cannot,  however,  entirely 
believe  that  Sally  delivered  herself  so 
wildly  into  the  hands  of  her  lover ;  we 
cannot  credit  that  a  girl  of  her  breeding 
and  temperament,  who  had  lived  among 
the  vicissitudes  of  London  for  some  years, 
would  have  gone  to  the  rooms  of  a 
stranger  at  night.  The  act  betrays  either 
recklessness  or  childlike  innocence,  neither 
of  which  we  can  attribute  to  Sally. 
The  several  characters  of  the  story  are 
well  handled,  notably  a  smart  woman  of 
the  world.  But  it  is  in  his  peculiar  in- 
sight into  feminine  psychology  that  Mr. 
Thurston  excels ;  and  because  he  has 
that  he  may  yet  write  a  remarkable  novel. 


The     White    Cat.     By     Gelett     Burgess. 
(Chapman  &  Hall.) 

Poetic  treatment  can  make  good  litera- 
ture of  a  "  shocker,"  and  a  pleasing  demon- 
stration of  this  truth  is  made  by  Mr. 
Burgess.  Miss  Fielding,  his  heroine,  is 
an  American  girl  whose  body  is  alternately 
inhabited  by  a  refined,  loving  spirit  called 
Joy  and  a  perverse,  vindictive  spirit  called 
Edna,  Miss  Fielding's  medical  attendant 
desires  to  banish  Joy  and  retain  Edna  ; 
but  the  architect  who  tells  the  story  con- 
trives to  marry  Joy,  and  expel  Edna 
by  the  Chinese  method  of  driving  out 
devils.  The  nursery  myth  of  the  white 
cat,  who  must  be  mutilated  in  order  to 
accomplish  a  happy  purpose  on  her 
behalf,  is  cleverly  and  pathetically  em- 
ployed. There  is  something  of  F.  Anstey 
about  the  story,  and  there  is  dialogue 
which  recalls  Mr.  Henry  James ;  but 
these  resemblances  are  not  unfavourable 
to  the  author,  who  has  succeeded  in  giving 
distinct  individualities  to  the  two  spirits, 


and    some   charm    even    to    the    worse   of 

them. 


Father   Alphonsus.     By   H.    A.    Hinkson. 
(Fisher  Unwin.) 

A  SOCIAL  problem  of  essentially  Irish 
nature,  which  has  furnished  a  theme 
for  one  of  Canon  Sheehan's  short  stories, 
is  here,  from  the  Roman  Catholic  layman's 
more  tolerant  standpoint,  once  more 
presented  to  us.  Mr.  Hinkson's  hero 
is  a  so-called  "  spoilt  priest,"  i.e.,  a 
divinity  student  who,  on  the  very  eve 
of  ordination,  draws  back  from  the  vows 
which  seem  to  him  beyond  his  strength 
to  keep,  and  makes  an  honourable  career 
for  himself  at  the  Bar.  His  bosom-friend, 
on  the  other  hand,  though  harassed  by 
similar  doubts,  determines  to  persevere 
in  the  hope  of  living  them  down,  and  ends 
by  renouncing  the  priesthood  in  order 
to  marry,  thus  falling,  in  the  eyes  of  his 
own  world,  into  a  sin  yet  more  irretriev- 
able than  that  of  a  scandalous  life.  The 
author's  analysis  of  the  various  and  not 
wholly  exalted  motives  which  (with  no 
specially  bad  result  in  the  majority  of 
cases)  prevent  an  Irishman  of  the  peasant 
class  from  abandoning  a  doubtful  vocation, 
is  admirable  in  its  frankness  and  humour. 
Much  of  the  characterization  is  also 
excellent. 


Colonel    Kate.     By    K.    L.    Montgomery. 
(Methuen  &  Co.) 

This  is  a  tale  of  the  '45,  with  no  lack  of 
substance,  and  breathing  the  very  spirit 
of  romance.  Of  the  historical  characters 
introduced,  Lord  Lovat,  the  double-dyed 
traitor,  is  carefully  studied,  and  to  a 
certain  extent  carries  conviction.  The 
author  has  allowed  herself  a  freer  hand 
in  her  presentation  of  Lovat' s  more  honour- 
able son,  to  whom  is  assigned  the  part 
of  hero — a  hero  of  that  "  masterful  " 
order  beloved  by  lady  novelists,  and 
generally  voted  a  "  bounder "  by  un- 
grateful male  readers.  The  subjugated 
heroine,  a  Jacobite  heiress  devoted  to 
"  the  Cause,"  is  a  spirited  and  on  the 
whole  sympathetic  figure.  An  occasional 
obscurity  in  the  narrative  and  some  pre- 
ciosity of  style  are  the  only  serious  defects. 


A  Curtain  of  Cloud.     By  Major  C.  Sillery. 
(Blackwood  &  Sons.) 

It  is  through  lack  of  craftsmanship,  and 
not  poverty  of  material,  that  this  book 
fails.  The  author  has  not  learnt  how  to 
piece  a  story  together,  and,  though  his 
descriptive  writing  is  in  parts  mildly  agree- 
able, it  is  amateurish,  prolix,  and,  upon 
the  whole,  ineffective.  The  first  part  of 
the  book,  which  deals  with  a  soldier's  life 
in  a  lonely  outpost  in  Burma,  is  the  best, 
and  encourages  one  to  hope  for  some  good 
studies  of  native  life  later ;  but  these 
hopes  are  dashed  by  commonplace  develop- 
ments on  the  fines  of  the  sensational 
detective  story. 


The  Armada  Gold.  By  Edgar  Turner 
and  Reginald  Hodder.  Hirant 
Richards.  | 

The  crossed  pistols  and  money  bag  on 
the  cover  of  the  book  clearly  indicate  a 
story  of  adventure.  The  narrative  is 
crudely  conceived  and  poorly  told.  At 
the  beginning  we  have  a  young  naval 
officer  making  love  to  an  English  girl 
in  a  South  Pacific  island.  But  the 
authors  show — notably  on  p.  21,  for 
example — a  strange  ignorance  of  life 
in  His  Majesty's  navy,  while  their  know- 
ledge of  the  South  Sea  islands  is  no  more 
than  may  be  obtained  by  the  brief  view 
of  a  Cook's  tourist.  The  mechanism  of 
the  story  creaks  and  groans,  and  we 
have  no  more  real  illusion  than  the  penny 
peepshows  of  country  fairs  provide. 


A   Little  Revolution.     By  the  Author  of 
'  None  so  Pretty.'     (Longmans  &  Co.) 

'  A  Little  Revolution  '  takes  the 
reader  to  an  imaginary  kingdom  and 
introduces  him  to  its  King,  Prime 
Minister,  and  other  pullers  of  political 
wires.  Campania,  though  supposed  to 
be  a  continental  State  ultimately 
deprived  of  its  independence  by  "  the 
Powers,"  which  saw  King  Orlando's  inabi- 
lity to  govern  his  Socialistic  subjects,  does 
more  than  confer  local  colour  on  an  anec- 
dote. The  book  is,  in  fact,  a  mild  satire 
on  the  prevailing  idea  of  a  civilized  State. 
One's  eye  is  on  England  as  one  reads  it. 
The  account  of  Socialistic  progress  by 
legislation  and  of  the  riots  which  fatally 
called  attention  to  Campania  is  rather 
well  done,  and  there  is  neat  characteriza- 
tion. The  author  is  excellent  in  his 
sport  with  a  philosopher  who  was  ungrate- 
ful to  a  girl  whose  eyes  had  "  sprinkled 
sunlight."  The  style  of  the  book  is 
felicitously  forcible. 


A    Tangled    Web.       By   L.    G.    Moberly. 
(Ward,  Lock  &  Co.) 

Artless  sensationalism  is  never  a  drug 
in  the  market,  but  Miss  Moberly  is  so 
addicted  to  coincidence  that  she  is  in 
danger  of  arousing  the  incredulity  of  even 
the  youngest  devourers  of  fiction.  Her 
first  heroine  forgets  her  illegal  marriage 
with  a  scoundrel  in  consequence  of  falling 
from  her  horse  soon  after  the  ceremony  ; 
and  her  second  heroine  finds  by  clair- 
voyance the  wife  whose  existence  proves 
that  Evelyn  Templeton  did  not  become 
Mrs.  Delston  in  the  dark  hour  when  she 
said  "  I  will  "  to  save  her  father  from  an 
imaginary  evil.  A  slight  attempt  is 
made  to  sketch  the  business  relations 
between  a  scholar  of  thirty  and  his  fair 
secretary  ;  but  it  is  not  successful.  The 
author  seems  to  lack  the  patience  necessary 
for  making  a  hundred  pages  of  fiction 
out  of  a  study  of  ordinary  life.  We  have, 
however,  found  one  witty  and  more  than 
one  pretty  or  pleasant  passage  in  her 
book. 


No.  4191,  Feb.  22,  1908 


THE    ATHENAEUM 


223 


WAR    AND    POLITICS. 

The  Art  of  Reconnaissance.  By  Col. 
D.  Henderson,  D.S.O.  (John  Murray.) — No 
one  can  read  this  book  through  without 
recognizing  that  it  is  the  work  of  a  thoughtful 
man,  and  that  modern  warfare  is  a  difficult 
thing.  Indeed,  '  The  Difficulties  of  Recon- 
naissance '  would,  perhaps,  have  been  a 
more  accurate  description  of  this  series  of 
essays  ;  for  the  impression  that  they  convey 
is  scarcely  so  much  a  clear  indication  of 
how  to  do  it — and  probably  any  clear 
indication  would  be  open  to  suspicion  for 
its  very  clearness — as  a  careful  precaution 
against  how  not  to  do  it.  The  author  is 
no  enthusiast,  and  true  scouting  is  not  a 
romance  of  hairbreadth  escapes.  He  does 
but  remind  (in  a  rather  ponderous  style) 
those  who  may  have  to  undertake  recon- 
naissance, or  require  it  of  others,  what 
are  the  principles  which  go  to  make  success. 
This  is  no  mere  textbook,  though  it  has 
rules  and  examples  ;  but  it  may  best  serve 
as  a  commentary  (it  is  carefully  indexed) 
for  officers  who  are  inclined  to  study  the 
subject  psychologically  as  well  as  tactically, 
and  to  give  common  sense  its  due.  They 
will  find  here  the  notes  of  a  thinker  rather 
than  the  notions  of  a  theorist. 

The  importance  of  the  subject  is  self- 
evident,  for  upon  information,  positive 
and  negative,  must  depend  the  success  of  a 
fighting  force  : — 

"  The  fate  of  Empires  may  hang  on  the  drowsiness 
of  a  sentry  or  the  shaken  nerves  of  a  private 
soldier  ripe  for  panic.  But  of  all  subordinates,  the 
scout  is  he  on  whose  success  or  failure  great  issues 
are  most  likely  to  depend.  The  pursuit  of  informa- 
tion is  so  uncertain,  so  full  of  chances,  that  it  may 
well  be  given  to  a  couple  of  scouts  to  achieve  the 
end  for  which  a  cavalry  brigade  is  vainly 
striving. " 

On  September  13th,  1862,  the  discovery 
of  Lee's  orders,  wrapped  round  a  handful 
of  cigars,  by  a  private  of  the  Northern  army, 
gave  M'Clellan  just  what  he  most  wanted 
to  know  in  regard  to  the  positions  and  pur- 
poses of  the  Confederates.  But  such  inci- 
dents are  rare  and  uncertain.  The  lessons  of 
experience  are  stated,  somewhat  sporadic- 
ally, but  on  the  whole  sufficiently,  in 
this  book  ;  and  the  moral  of  it  all 
is  that  there  is  no  hard-and-fast  rule, 
oxcept  the  necessity  of  appreciating 
each  situation  on  its  merits.  Elasticity 
is  as  necessary,  as  rigidity  is  ruinous, 
in  reconnaissance  ;  definitions  and  formulae 
cannot  command  success  for  scouts  or 
generals,  and  genius  is  not  forthcoming 
to  order.  A  born  strategist — and  the 
greatest  generals,  like  the  greatest  poets, 
are  born  and  not  made — may  be  able  to 
feel  the  situation  intuitively,  and  find 
the  solution  instinctively.  For  the  rest, 
the  issue  must  ever  be  a  question  of  "  nicely 
calculated  less  or  more,"  and  success  comes 
by  careful  spelling,  not  by  masterful  seizure.' 
This  is  not  magnificent,  but  it  is  war. 

The  fifth  chapter  ('The  Scout')  and  the 
sixth  ('The  Patrol')  are  certainly  the 
best-written  and  most  valuable  part  of 
the  book  :  they  contain  some  useful 
diagrams,  but  in  reading  them  one  yearns 
for  some  guide  to  continuity  such  as  would 
be  afforded  by  an  analysis  at  the  beginning, 
mado  up  of  headings  inset  also  at  the  top 
of  each  paragraph.  The  absence  of  such 
helps  throughout  the  book  gives  it  an  air 
of  vagueness  and  disconnectedness. 

It  is  not  unfair  to  say  of  it,  as  of  many 
military  works,  that  it  needs  viva-voce  ex- 
position to  mako  it  roally  intelligible  and 
useful. 

La  premiere  Bataille.  By  General  Bonnal. 
(Paris,  Chapelot.) — Tin's  volume  contains 
a    reprint    of    recent    articles    by    Genoral 


Bonnal,  of  which  the  first  yields  the  title. 
The  author  attempts  to  describe  the  military 
policy  of  the  General  Staffs  of  Germany 
and  France  in  the  event  of  a  war  on  the 
Mouse  frontier.  "The  Great  Battle"  is 
assumed  as  certain  after  a  German  advance 
along,  but  not  across,  neutral  frontiers. 
The  Battle  chapter  is  in  three  parts,  and 
deals  with  the  German  frontal  attack,  the 
German  flank  attack,  and  the  (French) 
"  decisive  counter-attack." 

We  note  in  passing  that  General  Bonnal 
is  fiercely  opposed  to  the  Republic  and  thinks 
the  "  high  command "  in  France  feeble. 
He  ends  his  chapter  on  '  Discipline '  by 
the  startling  assertion  that  it  will  "  only 
revive  in  the  army  after  the  fall  of  a  form 
of  government  of  which  France  is  dying." 
He  adds,  however,  a  completely  reassuring 
sentence  :  "A  few  months  will  suffice  after 
that  for  a  Minister  of  War,  energetic  and 
thoroughly  soldierly,  to  restore  order  in  an 
army  "  temporarily  "  anarchic." 

General  Bonnal' s  lights  on  German  mili- 
tary facts  are  more  important  and  far  more 
interesting    than    his    political    ideas.     He 
runs   counter   to   German   military   opinion 
by  giving  a  different  answer  from  that  of 
the   German   Staff   to   the    question  :     "Is 
strategic     defence, ....  the     form     of     war 
adopted  by  France,  necessarily  inferior  to 
the    offensive    beloved    of    our    neighbours 
on  the  East  ?  "     He  considers  in  detail  the 
German  "  strategic   offensive,  combining  a 
prolonged  struggle  on  our  whole  front  with 
a  powerful  flank  attack."     General  Bonnal 
does  not  think  that  inferiority  of  numbers 
in  the  French  army  will  place  France  in  a 
position   becoming   yearly   more   and   more 
hopeless    from    this    point  of    view.     "  The 
numbers  are  already  so  immense,   even  on 
the  French  side,  for  so  limited  a  frontier  " 
that    "  the    means    of    communication    and 
transport "    necessary   for   further   increase 
would    "  hamper   the  strategic   manoeuvres 
of    the    commander-in-chief."     If    we    take 
cavalry  for  an  example  as  a  weak  point, 
given     General     Bonnal' s     own     admission 
that    "  cavalry   can   be   mastered    only   by 
cavalry,"  the  French  would  have,  he  shows, 
on    mobilization    81    cavalry    regiments    in 
France,  of  which  he  would  use  60  in  forming 
10  cavalry  divisions,  or  2  more  than  the  8 
fully  kept  up  in  time  of  peace  by  France. 
In  the  northern  part  of  the  theatre  of  opera- 
tions, where  alone  the  early  great  cavalry 
engagements  could,  he  thinks,   take  place, 
the    French    cavalry    would    be    equal    in 
numbers    to    the    German.     This    "  allows 
the     hope  of    success,"    although     General 
Bonnal  considers  the  horsing  of  the  German 
cavalry    excellent,    and    admits    that    the 
Germans    have    one    superiority,     namely, 
the  use  of  the  lance,  difficult  to  teach  in 
France    with    a    two    years'     service.     As 
regards    the   lance,    the   important   opinion 
of   General   Bonnal   is   exactly   opposite   to 
that  of  the  War  Office  circular  explaining 
the   abolition   of   the   lance   in   the   British 
army  in  the  time  of  Lord  Roberts. 

Our  author  does  not  boliove  in  the  possi- 
bility of  a  serious  German  attack— apart 
from  a  temporary  occupation  of  Nancy — 
before  the  twelfth  day  after  mobilization. 
It  is  of  interest  to  note  on  tho  map  the  lino 
which,  according  to  him,  geography  imposes 
on  the  German  advance.  General  Bonnal 
attempts  to  establish  the  probability  of  a 
central  advanco  of  8  German  army  corps, 
with  a  flank  movement  from  Trevos,  tlirough 
Sierck,  and  by  the  left  bank  of  the  Moselle, 
north  of  Thionvillo,  on  Stenay,  with  8  other 
army  corps  and  8  cavalry  divisions.  In  the 
event  of  tho  German  cavalry  not  being  beaten 
by  an  equal  forco  of  French  cavalry  in  tile 
march  from  tho  frontier  to  the  Mouse,  tho 
Germans  might  oxpect  by  tho  sixteenth  day 


to  cross  that  river,  and,  between  the  seven- 
teenth and  the  eighteenth  days,  "  inundate" 
the  plain  lying  between  Le  Chene  Populeux, 
Chalons,  Rheims,  and  St.  Quentin.     In  that 
case  the  infantry  and  guns  of  the  German 
right  wing  could  cross  the  Meuse  about  the 
seventeenth  day  between  Stenay  and  Sedan, 
and  turn  south  ha  the  direction  of  Sainte- 
Menehould,  to  fall  upon  the  flank  or  rear 
of  the  French  army  engaged  with  the  German 
centre.     As   regards    the   chances    of    "  the 
First  Battle,"  General  Bonnal  is  convinced 
that   the  French,    "  plus   vifs,   plus   alertes 
et  plus  debrouillards  que  leurs  adversaires 
eventuels,  compteront  moins  de  malades  et 
d'eclopes."     "  A    egalite   de   commandement, 
les  Francais  font  des  troupes  meilleures  que 
les   Allemands."     It   is   command   in   chief 
about  which  General  Bonnal  is  most  nervous. 
We    may    compare,     with    these     pages 
written    last    year,    the    principal    military 
works    published    between    1874    and    1887 
on    the    meaning    of    tho    French  fortresses 
in  their  combination  for  a  full  defence  of 
the  Meuse  frontier.     The  decrees  published 
in   France  in    1878    and    1881    give   official 
sanction  to  the  main  lines  of  the  books  in 
question.     The  French  preparation,  begun 
in  1874,  for  the  defence  of  the  portion  of 
the  frontier   indicated   by   General  Bonnal 
as  the  line  of  operations  of  the  German  right 
wing,  was  directed  against  advance  by  what 
is  called  the  line  of  the  Ardennes.     Mezieres 
is  a  strong  place  ;  Longwy  and  Montmedy 
less  important   fortified   positions,  although 
fully  equipped  with  stores,  which  the  works 
are   chiefly  intended    to  protect.  The  main 
French  fortress  on  the  route  from  the  Luxem- 
burg frontier  to  Paris  is  Rheims,  a  strategic 
position  of  the  first  importance,   defended 
by  a  large  number  of  detached  forts.      The 
greatest    fortresses    of    France,    Toul    and 
Verdun,  lie,  however,  on  the  more  southern 
line,  and  would  be  turned  by  the  movement 
of  the  German  right  anticipated  by  General 
Bonnal. 

Up  to  a  recent  date  German  officers  were 
inclined  to  boast  of  the  confident  superiority 
indicated  by  their  open  frontier  when  con- 
trasted with  the  hermetically  sealed  or 
fortified  frontier  of  France.  The  Prussian 
offensive,  it  was  explained,  would  always 
crush  the  resistance  of  mere  forts,  and  gain 
the  upper  hand  over  the  French  defensive 
policy.  That  there  has  been  a  complete 
reversal  of  the  German  view  is  shown  by 
facts,  recently  published  in  several  countries, 
as  to  the  rapid  fortification,  at  vast  expense, 
of  the  line  of  the  Moselle  below  Thionville. 
Formerly  Metz  was  a  great  fortress,  vastly 
strengthened  by  its  new  possessors,  but 
standing  by  itself.  Now  Metz  may  be  said 
to  stretch  to  Thionville,  and  Thionville  a 
long  way  in  tho  direction  of  Treves.  It  is 
difficult  to  explain  the  erection  of  numerous 
and  costly  forts,  of  the  same  character  as 
those  lately  built  by  Switzerland,  except 
on  a  new  theory  of  German  defonce,  replacing 
the  old  Prussian  view,  or  on  General  Bonnal' s 
theory  of  the  intention  to  advanco  by  the 
northern  route  to  turn  the  French  left, 
with  the  risk  of  being  beaten  in  the  process, 
as  the  allies  were  frequently  beaten  by 
Napoleon.  Tho  obvious  danger  to  tho 
advancing  host  is  similar  to  that  risked  by 
tho  Prussian  princes  in  1866  and  described 
in  our  recent  review  of  '  Sadowa.' 

Wo  mentioned  in  the  early  part  of  the 
winter  (lio  constitution  of  a  French  Commis- 
sion of  three  members,  to  whom  were  added 
representatives  of  the  various  Ministries 
concerned,  to  publish  the  documents  relating 
to  tho  origin  of  the  war  of  1870.  At  the 
time  when  we  reviewed  M.  Bourgeois's 
anticipatory  book  it  was  supposed  that  ho 
would  preside.     Tho  Commission   mot   this 


22  \ 


T  II  E     AT  II  KX.K  r  M 


No.  1191,  Feb.  22,  L908 


week  under  the  ohairrnanahip  <>f  M.  Joseph 
Reinach,   and   oonfinned   the  choico  of  M. 
Bourgeois    to   edit    in    chief   the   collection 
documents  to  i><>  published.    Tin*  Com- 
mission decided  to  begin  with  the  dato  of 
1865.       At     the  same  moment    we 
lived  the  eleventh  volume  of  tlio  Hiatoin 
Histi     (1789  1900),  of   which    the    Oral 
pari    of    the   seoond    title   runs    La    Guerre 
inmcn-dUetnande,   this   part   being   from    tho 
pen    of   M.    J.    Jaures   (Paris,    Rouff).     Tho 
volume   opens   with   the  conventional   and 
Inaccurate   exaggeration   of   tho    "  incident 
of  Ems  "   to  be  found  in  most  books  upon 
French  policy  or  upon  the  war.     It  is  the 
more  startling  to  find  a  littlo  later  the  first 
full  statement  of  the  roal  truth  which  has 
been  brought  together    by    a    Fronch  pen. 
M.  Jaures  gives  an  account  of  the  policy 
of  Bismarck  towards  France  from  the  date 
in  1865  that  has  been  chosen  by  the  Bour- 
geois-Reinach     Commission,     and    does    so 
in  order  to  lead  up  to  the  question,  "  Did 
he  see   at   once   from   the  moment   of   the 
Spanish  crisis  the  lucky  accident  "  presented 
by    it  and    "awaited     by"     him:    i.e.,    a 
ground  for  war  when  war  became  advisable 
or     necessary  ?     "  In     September,      1868," 
there  began  the  intrigue  which  led  in  Feb- 
ruary,   1869,   to  the  communication  to  the 
French  Government  of  the  first  knowledge 
of  the  missions  of  Salazar  and  of  the  Hohen- 
zollern  candidature.     M.  Jaures  asks  : — 

"Est-ce  que  cette  candidature  s'offrit  spontane- 
ment  a  l'esprit  de  M.  Salazar?  ou  lui  fut-elle 
suggeree  par  des  representants  de  l'Allemagne  ? 
Ce  qui  est  sur,  c'est  que  M.  de  Bismarck  saisit 
tout  de  suite  le  parti  qu'il  pourra  tirer  un  jour  de 
l'incident." 

Next  comes  the  account  of  the  dispatch 
of  the  French  Ambassador,  Benedetti, 
explaining  that  the  well-known  Spanish 
Minister  in  London  (whose  name  is  unfor- 
tunately misspelt  throughout  the  volume), 
M.  Ranees  y  Villanueva,  "  etait  revenu " 
to  Berlin  "  sous  pretext©  de  saluer  le  roi, 
et  qu'il  etait  fort  possible  qu'il  se  fut  occupe 
de  la  candidature  Hohenzollern."  M.  Jaures 
then  examines  at  length  the  Prussian  excuses 
and  first  withdrawal  of  the  Hohenzollern 
candidature  under  the  remonstrance  of 
France  ;  but  argues  from  the  conversations 
reported  by  Benedetti  that 
"  M.  de  Bismarck  se  reservait  le  moyen  de  pro- 
voquer  la  guerre  en  dormant  a  la  France  l'appar- 
ence  d'etre  l'agresseur.  II  nous  est  facile,  main- 
tenant  et  apres  coup,  de  demeler  cette  trame.  II 
est  surprenant,  toutefois,  que  le  sens  de  la  com- 
binaison  n'ait  pas  apparu  tout  de  suite  aux 
osprits.1' 

We  have  often  pointed  out  how  little  it 
suited  the  policy  of  any  one  who  really  knew 
to  roveal  the  whole  of  the  facts  and  draw 
the  moral  from  them.  M.  Jaures  from  his 
position  of  lofty  impartiality  as  a  Socialist 
historian,  equally  opposed  to  all  the  old 
parties,  both  in  France  and  Germany,  is 
able  to  do  that  which  up  to  now  French 
and  German  historians  have  conspicuously 
avoided.  Coming  to  tho  second,  or,  as  we 
should  say  perhaps,  tho  third,  Hohonzollorn 
candidature,  i.e.,  tho  second  of  1869,  M. 
Jaures  points  out  that,  after  tho  failuro  of 
Salazar  in  September,  1869,  Prim 

"s'engage  de  plus  en  plus  avec  M.  de  Bismarck. 
11  doiine  ;'i  Salazar,  en  fevrier  1870,  dos  lettrespour 
le  ministre  prussien,  pour  le  roi  de  Prusse.  La 
combinaison  so  noue  plus  fortement." 

The  only  point  where  we  differ  from  M. 
Jaures,  who  otherwise  follows  closely  the 
account  of  events  previously  given  in  our 
pages,  is  that  he  assumes  that  Prim  wanted 
a  King  of  Spain.  There  is,  we  suggest, 
no  evidence  that  he  desired  to  change  a 
situation  which  suited  him,  unless  it  were 
for  reasons  starting  from  Berlin  rather  than 
from    Madrid.     M.    Jaures    then    turns    to 


i1k>  alliance  debated   1  »< a \\ •  -•  •■  i    BVanoe  and 

Austria  from  1869,  but,  us  ho  says,  '7-lmucln'- 
a  la  fill  do  1868."      Thoro  is  nothing  QOW  in 

the  history  of  H.  Jaures  for  those  who  have 
given  careful  attention  to  all  previous 
publications  in  all  countries,  but  there  u  ;> 
great  deal  that  is  ontiroly  opposed  to  notions 
still  widely  entertainod. 

The  second  half  of  the  volume  doals  with 
La  Commune.  Tho  writer,  working  under 
the  diroction  of  M.  Jaures,  points  out,  with 
truth,  that  thoro  was  no  traco  of  a  consistent 
body  of  opinion  in  tho  policy,  if  it  be  possible 
so  to  style  it,  of  tho  Commune  of  Paris. 
Tho  pages  on  tho  Commune  are  just  towards 
all  its  parties,  and  many,  though  not  all  of  its 
opponents.  Thoro  is  a  fino  description  of  tho 
patriots  who  hoped  "  to  galvanize  a  Franco 
which  was  bleeding  to  doath  "  ;  and  another 
in  justification  of  the  action  of  the  old  Jaco- 
bin republicans  who  joined  the  Commune. 
By  their  death  it  may  be  asserted  they  forced 
Thiers  to  found,  first  a  virtual,  and  then 
a  real  republic.  The  lines  which  will  be 
of  the  most  interest  on  this  side  the  Channel 
are  those  in  which  a  high  tribute  is  paid 
to  the  humanity  of  our  country  in  refusing 
to  treat  the  followers  of  the  Commune  as 
murderers  or  robbers,  and  in  receiving  them 
as  political  refugees  : — 

"  Plusieurs  milliers  de  travailleurs  parisiens 
durent  ainsi  la  vie  et  la  liberte  a  l'attitude 
courageuse  et  humaine  de  Taristocratique  Angle - 
terre.  Quelques-uns,  plus  audacieux  ou  plus 
chanceux,  avaient  pu  glisser  a  travers  les  mailles 
du  filet  militaire  et  policier  et  passer  la  frontiere 
des  le  lendemain  de  la  chute  de  la  Commune.  En 
juin  et  juillet  les  rejoignirent,  des  qu'ils  eurent  pu 
se  procurer  le  passe-port  et  les  fonds  indispensables, 
tous  ceux — et  ils  etaient  legion  — qui  se  cachaient, 
se  dissimulaient,  erraient  miserablement  d'atelier 
en  atelier,  sous  le  coup  de  poursuites,  menaces  par 
les  denonciations  qui  continuaient  a  faire  rage. 
La  plupart  vinrent  chereher  directement  un  ahri 
Outre-Manche,  oil  la  societe,  renseignee  par  les 
journaux,  qui  lui  avaient  dit  a  peu  pres  la  verit6 
sur  les  massacres  de  Paris,  se  montrait  accueillante 
aux  proscrits,  prete  a  leur  procurer  emploi  et 
travail." 

The  Athenceum  received  the  contributions 
of  more  than  one  brilliant  refugee  now  hold- 
ing high  office  under  the  French  State. 

The  composition  of  the  Commune  is 
admitted  by  the  authors  to  have  been  such 
that  there  was  no  chance  that  it  could 
produce  the  kind  of  reconstruction  of  society 
which  French  Socialists  desire. 

Capt.  Custance,  who  boars  a  nam©  well 
known  in  Portugal,  has  translated  a  book 
by  General  J.  E.  de  M.  Sarmento,  and  it  is 
published  by  the  firm  of  Hugh  Rees  under 
the  title  of  The  Anglo-Portuguese  Alliance 
and  Coast  Defence.  We  are  glad  that  there 
should  be  distinguished  officers,  belonging 
to  respected  families  represented  in  our 
army  and  navy,  who  carefully  study  foreign 
writings  outside  the  ordinary  French  and 
German  military  and  naval  publications. 
At  the  same  time  we  regret  that  Capt. 
Custance  should  not  have  added  criticism, 
perhaps  by  way  of  foot-notos,  to  his  author's 
text,  inasmuch  as  the  work  boars  signs  of 
having  been  slowly  written  in  a  long  period 
before  1904,  the  year  in  which  the  original 
appeared.  It  is  now  stale,  and  must 
have  been  far  from  frosh  even  at  tho 
date  of  its  completion  by  General  Sarmento. 
These  facts  deprive  a  volume,  compiled 
with  patient  industry,  of  military  and 
naval  interest  in  the  present  day.  When- 
ever the  author  doals  with  our  own 
situation  ho  writes  as  "  an  outsider," 
describing  the  Volunteors,  for  example, 
as  having  been  short  of  "  tho  regulation 
standard  "  by  40,000  mon  at  the  moment 
when  they  reached  their  greatest  numbers 
I  — tho  shortness  being,  of  course,  entirely 
imaginary,  and  basod  only  on  a  comparison 


of  actual  numbers  with  an  "  establishim-i,- 
r   intended   or  oxp«cte<l   to   b  illy 

bed,  and  forming  only  a  maximum  of 
:iality  of  incorporation  in  oadn  -  fixed 
without  regard  to  any  principle  The 
author's  criticism  of  our  submarines  has 
j u-t  as  littlo  relation  to  tho  facts,  and  the 
unlearned  reader  would  be  misled  b 
thinking  that,  while  Franco  had  a  fleet  of 
submarines,  we  wore  still,  like  the  Gorman-, 
trifling  with  the  subject.  It  is  known  that 
Capt.  Bacon  and  Sir  John  Fisher  behV 
our  submarine  flotilla  to  bo  superior  to  that 
of  Franco,  and,  although  thus  is  probably 
an  exaggeration,  tho  facts  are  at  least  very 
different — and  were  different  even  in  1904 
— from  the  suggestions  in  this  book.  Tho 
pages  on  large  battleships  quote  Admiral 
Fournier  as  holding  that  no  battleship 
should  exceed  8.500  tons.  The  distinguisl 
French  admiral  in  question  has  for  several 
years  withdrawn  his  previous  opinion,  and 
declared  publicly  that  he  is  a  convert, 
first  to  the  King  Edward  type,  and  now  to 
the  Dreadnought.  The  remarks  quoted  from 
The  Times  of  1900  upon  coast-defence  gun- 
nery are  followed  by  some  singularly  mis- 
leading comments  by  General  Sarmento. 
He  explains  that  naval  officers  have  but  an 
elementary  knowledge  of  the  principles  of 
gunnery,  understanding  nothing  bej-ond 
the  fire  of  a  single  gun,  and  have  no  practice 
in  collective  fire,  for  which  in  the  naval 
service  he  thinks  there  is  no  need.  It  is 
impossible  to  be  more  benighted.  The  naval 
designs  agreed  upon  four  years  ago  were 
all  based  wholly  upon  the  opposite  principle, 
of  collective  fire,  and  collective  fire  only. 

General  Sarmento's  politics  do  not  impress 
us  as  being  more  accurate  than  his  naval 
knowledge.  He  assumes  the  existence  of 
a  definite  treaty  of  military  alliance  between 
ourselves  and  Portugal,  and  the  need  for 
Portugal  being  prepared  to  carry  out  its 
terms  in  a  war  in  which  "  all  the  chances 
are  that  Spain  will  make  common  cause 
with  Great  Britain's  enemies ....  It  is  only  on 
Portuguese  soil  that  Spain  can  hope  to 
successfully  carry  on  war  against  England." 
It  is  difficult  to  be  further  away  from  fact. 
The  unanimit3'  of  Spanish  parties  in  favour 
of  the  Anglo-French  Mediterranean  policy 
was  startling  at  its  inception,  but  was,  and 
has  been  for  several  years,  complete. 

The  particular  Armageddon  described 
by  "  Navarchus"  in  The  World's  Airakening 
(Hodder  &  Stoughton)  does  not  appeal 
to  us.  We  believe  it  as  improbable  as  the 
baffled  general  reader  may  think  it  unde- 
sirable. The  struggle  between  the  nations, 
in  wluch  our  enemies  are  Germany  and 
Japan,  and  our  friends  France  and  the 
United  States,  takes  place  in  the  future 
when  Mr.  Winston  Churchill  is  Prime 
Minister  and  Mr.  F.  E.  Smith  the  leader 
of  the  rival  party.  Both  are  concealed 
under  variations  of  their  names  ;  but  the 
individuality  in  the  first  case  is  sufficiently 
marked  to  make  us  certain,  and  in  the 
second  our  guess  is  probably  well  founded. 
"  Navarchus  "  is  one  of  those  who  believe 
that  the  Board  of  Admiralty  has  destroyed 
the  navy  during  the  existence,  and  with 
tho  connivance,  of  the  present  Ministry. 
A  third  Peace  Conference  has  taken  place 
at  the  Hague,  but  its  decisions,  observed 
at  the  beginning  of  the  war,  are  not  clear 
to  the  international  lawyer.  Australia  had 
admitted  Japanese  immigrants  in  vast 
numbers  on  account  of  the  alliance  pre- 
viously (i.e.,  now)  existing  between  Japan 
and  Great  Britain  :  but  the  hostility  of 
the  British  across  the  seas  prevented  the 
renewal  of  tho  alliance,  and  thus  contributed 
to  bringing  about  the  war.  Here  is  a  first 
stumbling-block,     for    we    know    that    the 


No.  4191,  Feb.  22.  1908 


THE    ATHENiEUM 


225 


Japanese  have  never  attempted  to  flock 
into  Australia,  and  have  accepted  a  virtual 
exclusion,  unlikely  to  be  modified.  The 
position  of  Australia  in  the  world  is,  perhaps, 
put  too  high  by  our  author.  He  conceives 
that  the  possession  of  that  continent  will 
be  the  main  object  of  the  Japanese  in  attack- 
ing us,  with  German  support,  in  1918  or 
1920.  Why  should  Japan  run  risks  for 
the  possession  of  Australia  when  more 
fertile  fields  less  distant  from  Japan,  offer 
themselves  to  her  arms  if  she  be  deterred 
by  no  scruples  and  willing  to  pay  the  price 
of  war  upon  the  largest  scale  ? 

We  should  not  have  thought  the  volume 
before  us  more  deserving  of  notice  than 
several  of  a  similar  description  recently 
passed  over  as  unsuitable  for  treatment 
in  our  pages,  were  it  not  for  the  fact  that 
the  considerable  part  of  the  book  devoted 
to  the  land  fighting  between  France  and 
Germany  is  well  executed.  Imaginary  war 
between  two  armies  prepared  for  that  very 
war  on  the  same  accepted  principle  is 
a  different  thing  from  an  imaginary 
Japanese  attack  on  Sydney  and  from  hypo- 
thetical naval  battles  between  ships  not 
yet  designed.  "  Navarchus "  fights  his 
great  engagements  on  the  eastern  frontier 
of  France  with  the  present  forces,  and 
assumes — perhaps  with  wisdom — that  little 
change  in  organization,  strategy,  and  tactics 
has  taken  place.  We  do  not  pretend  that 
his  war  is  so  serious  as  that  of  General 
Bonnal  noticed  above  ;  but  it  is  a 
good  war,  and  seems  to  us  about 
the  best  that  has  been  written  for 
the  ordinary  unskilled  reader.  There 
are  some  errors  of  fact  and  of  spelling, 
but  not  many ;  and,  while  condemning 
all  except  the  French  part  of  the  volume, 
we  are  able  to  praise  that  portion. 

In  two  passages  the  author  suggests  that 
France  was  unprepared  at  the  time  of 
"  the  Fashoda  crisis,"  and  that  at  the 
same  moment  "  Britain  lagged."  We  con- 
fess that  we  hardly  understand  his  meaning. 
On  our  side  it  was  known  to  every  one  in 
authority  that  there  was  not  the  faintest 
risk  of  war  from  an  incident  which  had  long 
been  foreseen  as  all  but  a  certainty.  On 
the  French  side  there  had  been,  until  a 
sudden  moment  of  panic,  equal  certainty 
as  to  the  situation  and  equal  certainty  of 
peace.  Then  some  demon  caused  France 
to  believe  that  we  were  picking  a  quarrel, 
and  intended  to  attack  her  by  landing  a 
large  force  on  the  Tunisian  coast.  It  was, 
of  course,  obvious  that,  had  we  to  fight 
France  single-handed,  a  feint  on  Tunis 
constituted  the  best  means  of  causing 
excited  French  opinion  to  force  the  French 
fleet  to  attempt  to  protect  the  communica- 
tions between  Toulon  and  the  French 
African  possessions  ;  but,  although  France 
spent  a  great  deal  of  money  in  suddenly 
dispatching  35,000  troops  to  Tunis,  there 
is  no  justification  for  the  author's  suggestion 
that  both  Franco  and  England  wore  unpre- 
pared or  "  lagged." 

Mr.  B.  L.  Putnam  Weale  has  heaped 
raw  matorial  into  Ins  now  bulky  volume. 
It  is  too  long,  and  shows  signs  of  haste  ; 
while  the  author  exhibits  the  common 
faults  of  exaggeration  of  language  and  of 
insufficient  acquaintance  with  other  parts 
of  the  world  than  those  of  which  ho  writos. 
He  starts  from  the  basis  that  "  the  whito- 
skinned  man  "  feels  "  instinctive  antipathy 
....for  his  brown-skinned  brothren."  Ho 
comes  to  the  conclusion — already  hinted 
in  the  title  of  his  previous  volume,  '  Tho 
Truce  in  the  East,'  and  moro  clearly  ex- 
pressed in  his  present  form,  Tlie  Coming 
Struggle  in  Eastern  Asia  (Macmillan  &  Co.) 
— that  thoro  will  bo  a  ronowal  of  tho  war 


between  Russia  and  Japan  ;  but  he  also 
thinks  an  accidental  conflict  between  Japan 
and  the  United  States,  caused  by  the  action 
of  a  hypothetical  "  American  admiral," 
not  unlikely.  His  two  wars  are  combined 
in  one  of  his  last  paragraphs  : — 

' '  There  can  be  not  the  slightest  doubt  that  if 
Japan  were  to  become  engaged  in  a  struggle  with 
a  great  Naval  Power,  such  as  America,  the  longed- 
for  opportunity  would  at  once  be  seized  to  develop 
a  strong  Russian  forward  movement  in  Northern 
Korea,  thus  at  once  involving  Japan  in  a  double 
struggle. " 

On  the  whole,  our  author  prefers  Russia 
and  China  to  our  own  Far  Eastern  ally, 
as  Disraeli  preferred  the  Turks  to  their 
Slav  subjects.  We  are,  indeed,  reminded 
of  the  Conservative  Prime  Minister  who 
described  the  creation  of  Bulgaria  and 
Eastern  Roumelia,  and  the  extension  of 
other  Christian  States,  at  the  expense  of 
Turkey,  as  the  "  consolidation "  of  the 
Sultan's  empire.  Mr.  Weale  writes : 
"  Russia,  though  she  lost  something  by  the 
great  war,  has  gained  in  compactness." 
Against  Mr.  Putnam  We  ale's  elaborate 
proof  that  Russia  in  some  degree  looks 
forward  to  an  eventual  renewal  of  war, 
we  would  remind  our  readers  of  the  singular 
easiness  of  the  relations  between  Russia 
and  Japan  since  the  Treaty  of  Portsmouth, 
and  of  the  remarkable  concessions  volun- 
tarily made  by  Russia  in  respect  of  the 
fishery  privileges  on  coasts  retained  by  her 
at  the  peace.  We  do  not  agree  with  him 
in  expecting  a  renewal  of  the  "  bloody 
military  struggle."  Mr.  Weale,  as  though 
he  had  not  provided  Japan  with  sufficient 
wars,  expects  the  revival  of  China,  also 
likely  to  menace  Japanese  interests,  and 
seems  to  hope  for  "  a  naval  combination 
of  all  Anglo-Saxondom." 

A  good  deal  of  the  military  and  naval 
information  contained  in  the  last  part  of 
the  volume  is  of  interest ;  but  it  is  not  easy 
to  separate  the  wheat  from  the  chaff,  and 
to  feel  certain  what  part  is  of  value.  Tho 
steps  now  being  taken  to  make  Siberia 
independent  of  the  railway  and  European 
Russia  as  regards  stores  and  munitions 
are  magnified  into  undue  importance.  The 
policy  is  that  which  we  have  long  pursued 
in  India,  and  is  obvious  and  inevitable. 
Our  author's  details  show  signs  of  insufficient 
knowledge.  There  follow  equally  unim- 
portant discoveries — or  revelations,  as  in- 
terviewers say — on  the  Japanese  Constitu- 
tion. Mr.  Putnam  Weale  is  not  far  from 
the  truth  in  explaining  that  it  "is  a  copy 
not  so  much  of  Anglo-Saxon  models  as 
of  the  German  scheme."  He  then  prints 
the  document  at  full  length,  and  the  reader 
will  find  for  himself  that  it  is  rather  tho 
Prussian  Constitution  than  that  of  the 
German  Empire  which  Mr.  Putnam  Weale 
has  in  mind.  The  Constitution  agreed 
on  by  the  King  of  Bavaria  and  the  Crown 
Prince  Frederick  at  Versailles,  and  published 
in  April,  1871,  is  moro  modern  and  liberal 
in  its  nature  than  that  of  Prussia.  Tho 
German  Emperor  can  declare  war,  "  if 
defensive,"  and  make  treaties.  To  quote 
a  recent  British  official  document  describing 
the  constitutional  position  of  the  King  of 
Prussia  as  German  Emperor, 

"When  treaties  relate  to  matters  regulated  by 
Imperial  legislation,  and  when  war  is  not  merely 
defonsivo,  the  Kaiser  must  have  tho  consent  of  the 
Kmulosrat,  or  Federal  Council,  in  which  body, 
together  with  the  Reichstag,  or  Diet  of  the  Realm, 
are  vested  tho  legislative  f unctions  of  the  Empire. 
The  Bundesrat  represents  the  individual  states  of 

Qi     many,  an'l  the  Reichstag  the  German  nation.'' 

Tho  Roichstag,  unlike  the  Japanese  Parlia- 
ment, is  electod  by  manhood  suffrago.  It 
is,    of   courso,    tho   caso   that   tho   Japanoso 


Constitution  is  very  different  from  our  own, 
and  the  position  of  the  Mikado  from  that 
of  a  King  of  England  :  but  Mr.  Putnam 
Weale  is  hardly  justified  in  his  belief  that 
"  it  is  necessary  to  call  attention  to  the 
large  powers  vested  in  the  Emperor,"  for 
the  public  is  already  well  aware  of  the 
facts.  The  illustrations  which  our  author 
gives  of  the  powers  of  the  Emperor  of  Japan 
are  hardly  well  chosen,  inasmuch  as  the 
first  named  and  the  majority  of  them  are 
the  nominal  powers  of  almost  every  king, 
including  Edward  VII.  That  it  would 
be  possible  in  Japan,  consistently  with  the 
written  Constitution,  for  the  Emperor 
"  to  govern  the  country  through  his 
Ministers  for  very  many  months  with- 
out the  aid  of  Parliament,"  is  true ; 
but  it  is  rather  a  state  of  development 
reached  by  institutions  than  a  written  Con- 
stitution which  regulates  the  practice  of 
countries  in  such  matters.  Portugal  and 
the  Republic  of  Argentina  yield  examples 
of  action  (of  the  kind  described  as  possible 
in  Japan)  which,  though  in  these  cases 
unconstitutional,  have  received  general 
acceptance.  Mr.  Putnam  Weale  attaches 
importance  to  the  nomination  of  members 
of  the  House  of  Peers  "  by  the  Emperor 
in  person,"  and  prints  the  whole  statement 
in  italics.  It  is  not  the  "  Emperor  in  person 
who  actually  nominates,  and  the  system, 
as  it  works  under  "  the  Elder  statesmen," 
is  not  unlike  the  Whig  government  of  our 
country ;  while  Japanese  Parliamentary 
corruption,  if  the  author's  allegations  are 
well  founded,  resembles,  but  in  less  degree, 
that  predominant  in  Great  Britain  under 
Walpole,  and  in  Ireland  under  the  younger 
Pitt.  The  explanation  of  the  dependence 
of  military  officers  upon  "  the  Emperor " 
does  not  make  the  reader  feel  that  there 
exists  any  considerable  difference  in  this 
respect  between  the  Japanese  services  and 
those  under  our  Board  of  Admiralty  and 
our  Secretary  of  State  for  War. 

In  examining  at  great  length  the  Parlia- 
mentary powers  and  procedure  of  Japan, 
Mr.  Weale  again  attaches  importance  to 
articles  of  the  Constitution  which  follow 
the  general  or  the  universal  rule.  He  quotes 
as  having  "  a  curious  sound  to  Anglo-Saxon 
ears "  a  provision,  as  to  not  reviving 
measures  already  negatived  in  the  same 
session,  which  is  taken  from  ourselves. 
So,  too,  he  contrasts  with  "  Western  methods 
of  Parliamentary  representation  "  the  pro- 
vision that  delegates  of  the  Government 
may  appear  in  both  Houses  ;  and  states  that 
permanent  officials  thus  give  "  the  bureau- 
cracy "  the  constitutional  power  of  inter- 
fering directly  in  debate :  a  system  hero 
called  "  entirely  new."  It  is  not  only  the 
law  of  France  under  both  Republic  and 
Empire,  but  also  that  of  most  Parliamentary 
countries,  and  has  boon  proposed  for  adop- 
tion here.  Already  in  Grand  Committees 
of  the  House  of  Commons  the  permanent 
officials  are  present,  seated  by  the  Chair- 
man's side,  although  they  have,  with  us, 
to  speak  through  tho  Minister's  lips.  Tho 
heads  of  the  French  departments  make 
speeches  to  both  Houses  of  Parliament, 
and  some  distinguished  officials  owe  their 
influence  in  France  to  tho  persuasive  skill 
with  which  they  conduct  their  measures 
as  "  delegates  of  tho  Government,"  first 
through  the  Chambor,  and  then  through 
the  Sonate. 

Having  called  attention  to  the  somewhat 
dangorous  doctrines  of  the  author,  and 
warnod  our  readers  against  the  exasperation 
of  many  of  his  640  closely  printed  pages, 
wo  must  not  omit  to  point  out  that  ho 
supplies  an  enormous  amount  of  useful 
information,  especially  on  the  prosont  naval 
and  military  preparations  of  Japan. 


226 


T  II  E     A  Til  KN  M  U  M 


No.  4191,  Feb.  22,  1908 


NEW  ZEALAND  AND  \  i<  ToKi  \. 

Silt    JOHM     QOBST,    having    gone    <*>    New 

Zealand  as  British  Commissioner  to  a  recent 
exhibition,  baa  oaturalh  taken  the  oppor- 
tunity i"  publish  a  pleasantly  illustrated 
volume,  -V«  w  Zealand  Rt  visited  :  liccollcc- 
tiotu  of  the  Days  of  my  Youth,  through  the 
linn  of  Sir  Isaac  Pitman  &  Sons.  Not  having 
much  to  tell  us  of  tho  Now  Zealand  of 
lay,  he  lias  revived  his  oarlier  experiences, 
already  the  subject  of  vivid  pages  from  lus 
pen.  No  one  better  knows  tho  Maori, 
and  tho  "  Pakoha  Maori"  of  the  time  of 
tho  great  war,  than  does  Sir  John  Gorst, 
and  no  one  is  better  fitted  to  do  full  justice 
to  both  the  peoples  now  happily  united 
in  tho  pride  with  which  they  regard  their 
common  country.  The  serious  part  of  the 
volumo  is  to  be  found  in  a  chapter  dealing 
with  the  recent  changes  in  the  labour  laws, 
conceived  and  passed  by  Mr.  W.  P.  Reeves, 
the  present  High  Commissioner.  Sir  John 
Gorst  contradicts  with  weighty  evidence 
statements  made  in  the  last  tliree  years 
as  to  the  unpopularity  or  faiure  of  the 
"  Industrial  Conciliation  and  Arbitration 
Acts." 

We  have  received  several  colonial  annual 
reports   which   present   the  usual   features, 
but  should  be  compared  with  one  another 
in   respect  of   matters   at  present   exciting 
attention  here.     Victoria  has  always  been 
celebrated  among  the  States  now  included 
in   the   Commonwealth   for    the   fullness   of 
her  statistics,  prepared  by  a  well-equipped 
department.     The   Victorian   Year-Book  for 
1906-7,    now    complete    as    a   volume,    but 
previously    published    in    parts,    bears    the 
name  of  Mr.  E.  T.  Drake  as  Government 
Statist,    and    is    sold    by    the    Government 
Printer    at   Melbourne.     It   is    pointed    out 
in  the  Preface  that  several  tables  are  omitted 
as  a  result  of  the  conference  of  statisticians 
held  in  December,  1906  :    these  are  handed 
over  to  the  Commonwealth.     One    of    the 
first  statistical  offices  to  deal  with  accumula- 
tion   of    wealth   on    the   basis    of    taxation 
returns  was  that  of  Victoria,  and  Sir  Robert 
Giffen  and  others  here  have  often  mentioned 
the  strength  and  the  weakness  of  the  plan 
adopted,   as  it  was   for  a  moment  by  Mr. 
Coghlan  (the  present  Agent-General  of  New 
South   Wales)  in  lus  colony.     Mr.  Coghlan 
gave  evidence  upon   the  subject  before  the 
Income  Tax  Committee  of  1906,    and   as   a 
Vice-President    of     the     Royal     Statistical 
Society  is  now  a  member    of    the    Census 
Committee  of  that  Society,  possibly  charged 
with    consideration     of    the    matter.       He 
described   the    "  infantile "   nature    of    the 
earliest  Australian  methods  at  the  meeting 
of  the  Royal  Statistical  Society  on  Tuesday 
afternoon.     The     '  Accumulation '     chapter 
in  the  Victorian  volume  is  now  no  longer 
in  the  forefront  of  inquiry.     A  great  deal 
has  been  done  in  this  country,  as  witness 
the  paper  read  before  the  Royal  Statistical 
Society    by    Mr.    Bernard    Mallet,    of    the 
Board  of  Inland  Revenue,  on  Tuesday.     Mr. 
Mallet's  paper  on  '  A  Method  of  estimating 
Capital  Wealth  from  Estate  Duty  Returns ' 
reveals  enormous  difficulties,  leading  to  vast 
discrepancy   in  results.     If   we  could   take 
the    Victorian    chapter    as    standing    above 
criticism  in  its  assumod  facts,  Victoria  would 
be  in  a  position  to  obtain  tho  truth.     But 
the  assumption    that  all  property  becomes 
accurately  known  to  a  taxation  department 
is  one  that  we  are  not  prepared  to  allow. 

The  New  Zealand  Official  Year-Book  for 
1907,  prepared,  under  instructions  from 
Sir  J.  G.  Ward,  by  Mr.  von  Dadelszen, 
the  woll-known  Registrar-General  of  the 
Dominion  of  New  Zealand,  is  published  at 
Wellington  by  Mr.  John  Mackay,  the  Govern- 


ment   Printer,  and  may  be  oompared  with 

the  Victorian  volume      It  is  far  l>  latis- 

tical,  and  far  moro  gossipy, — to  the  advan- 
tage of  tho  gonoral  roador.  Tho  calculations 
on  accumulation  follow  the  Australian 
method,  and  give  them  as  "  a  rough  ap- 
proximution  to  tho  facts."  Wo  should  be 
inclined  to  guess  that  in  this  country  the 
figures  availablo  constitute  a  "  rough  ap- 
proximation "  to  perhaps  throe-fourths  of 
"  tho  facts  "  in  amount,  and  half  in  number. 
Some  will  turn  to  colonial  volumes  for 
"  infantilo  mortality,"  at  the  present  time 
attracting  attention  here.  There  is  not 
much  to  be  learnt,  except  that  a  vast  im- 
provement has  taken  place  in  Melbourne, 
where  formerly  the  state  of  things  was  as 
deplorable  as  that  still  prevailing  in  this 
country  in  the  Potteries  and  a  few  other 
towns.  The  falling-off  in  tho  birthrate  in 
Australia  and  New  Zealand,  followed  by  the 
sudden  decrease  in  this  country,  has  been 
the  subject  of  a  controversy  in  The  Times. 
The  figures  are  carefully  examined  by  the 
Victorian  Statist,  and  it  is  shown  that  the 
Australian  rate  has  now  become  stationary, 
with  a  slight  tendency  towards  increase.  The 
Australian  and  New  Zealand  figures,  as 
well  as  those  of  our  own  Registrar-General, 
prove  that  a  sudden  and  vast  decline  has 
taken  place  everywhere,  except  in  Austria  and 
Ireland — Catholic  countries ;  but  that  in  Bel- 
gium, another  Catholic  country,  the  decline  is 
as  great  and  as  rapid  as  even  in  Australia 
and  New  Zealand.  The  tables  indicating 
the  proportion  of  women  voters  who  exercise 
the  franchise  in  New  Zealand  under  adult 
suffrage  show  a  slight  decline,  although 
in  Auckland  West  and  Auckland  East, 
Dunedin  North  and  Dunedin  South,  and 
Christchurch  North,  more  women  than  men 
voted  at  the  last  general  election. 

The  New  Zealand  Year-Book  will  also 
be  turned  to  by  those  interested  in  native 
i  aces,  on  account  of  the  valuable  information 
contained  in  it  upon  the  Maories.  Sir  Jolin 
Gorst  states  in  his  book  noticed  above  that 
the  supposed  increase  in  the  Maori  popula- 
tion is  not  believed,  in  spite  of  the  statistics  ; 
but  admits  that  it  is  thought  that  the 
increase  in  the  half-caste  population  is 
in  fact  considerable.  The  official  figures 
show  an  increase  in  the  Maori  population 
between  1901  and  1906  larger,  both  abso- 
lutely and  in  percentage,  than  that  previously 
recorded  as  occurring  between  1896  and  1901. 
But  the  increase  in  "  half-caste  Maories 
living  among  Europeans  "  is  not  shown  as 
very  large,  being  only  slightly  over  7  per 
cent,  in  five  years.  It  is  obvious,  however, 
that  after  Mr.  Seddon's  dying  words  to 
his  countrymen,  half-castes  living  among 
Europeans  may  prefer  not  to  figure  as 
non-European  persons. 


•* 


OUR    LIBRARY   TABLE. 


Messrs.  Longman  &  Co.  publish,  under 
the  title  Grant,  Lincoln,  and  the  Frecdmen, 
a  work  of  much  interest  by  Dr.  John  Eaton. 
The  author  was  a  regimental  chaplain  at 
the  beginning  of  the  Civil  War,  and  became, 
as  a  nominal  colonel,  a  kind  of  brigadier  of 
black  non-combatant  troops,  raised  among 
the  plantation  negroes  who  had  flod  to  the 
Northern  side.  He  enjoyed  the  friendship 
of  General  Grant,  and  gives,  with  many 
letters,  a  pleasant  and  somewhat  new  view 
of  Grant  during  all  the  later  parts  of  lus 
career — when  commanding  a  detached  force, 
when  commanding-in-chief  in  the  West, 
in  the  East  during  the  fighting  before 
Richmond,  and  as  President  of  the  United 
States.  Through  Grant  Dr.  Eaton  camo 
to  know  President  Lincoln,  and  received 
the   fullest   possible   support   from   Lincoln 


in    critical      moments    at    which     his    work 
among   the  negroes   had   ahnoai    been   de- 
stroy «l    by   generata    who   failed    to   share 
Grant'a    opinion.     Tho    volumo    illustrates 
ral   problems  which  have  again  arisen 
m    recent    days.     The  concentration   can 
of  South   Africa  placed  us  face  to  face  with 
many   of   the  same  circum-tances  as  those 
nted     to     Dr.     Baton's    administration 
during    tho   Civil    War  :     "  Tho   number   of 
negroes  under  our  supervision  was  appalling. 
Genera]  Banks  reported   150,000  within   his 
jurisdiction  in  the  Department  of  the  Gulf." 
Of  Dr.  Eaton  himself  it  is  noted  that  "  in  the 
year    1863    to    1864    our    Department    had 
cared  specifically  for  no  less  than   113,650 
negroes."     The  orphan  difficulty  which  con- 
fronted  us   in   South   Africa   is   dealt   with, 
and   so    is   that   of    "  inculcating   habits   of 
cleanliness,   and   obedience  to   the  laws   of 
hygiene."     The  present  controversy   as   to 
how   the   State  should   deal   with   the   un- 
employed will  cause  many  to  turn  to  pp.  219 
and  220.     It  strikes  the  reader  as  a  curious 
anticipation  of  later  controversy  to  find  an 
elaborate  discussion  of  a  "  minimum  wage." 
There    is    a    valuable    letter    from    General 
Halleck  when  commanding-in-chief  at  Wash- 
ington (at  p.   150),  in  which  he  points  out 
that  difficulties  of  the  nature  of  those  with 
which  Dr.  Eaton  had  to  deal  "  have  been 
a  labor  of    far   greater    intensity  than   the 
creation   of   an   army   and   the   conduct   of 
campaigns."     President    Lincoln's    personal 
interference    became    necessary,    and     was 
prompt  and  decisive,   as  might  have  been 
expected.     There    is    also     much     that    is 
noteworthy  upon  the  habits  and  the  future 
of  the  negro  population  of  the  United  States. 
Those   who    are   concerned   with   what   we 
call    "  the   native    question "    have    indeed 
received  material  of  the  highest  importance 
in    the    evidence    taken    before    the    Natal 
"  Native  Affairs   Commission "    and  in  Dr. 
Eaton's    book.      The  latter  is  easily  to  be 
bought.     Of  the  former  volume  copies  are 
scarce  in  London,  and  are  to  be  procured 
from  Natal  only  at  the  price  of  21.  4s.  9d. 
a  volume  ;  while  the  Report  based  upon  the 
evidence  has  been  laid  before  our   Parlia- 
ment.    Dr.  Eaton  is,  of  course,  negrophil, 
but  proves,  we  think,  liis  case  in  his  account 
of  the  conduct  of  the  "  coloured  judges " 
chosen     under      his      administration.      His 
chapter  on  the  subject  ends  with  the  words  : 
"  The   community   distinctly   demonstrated 
the  capacity  of  the  negro  to  take  care  of 
himself,    and    exercise,    under    honest    and 
competent  direction,   the  functions  of  self- 
government." 

Dr.  Eaton  is,  perhaps,  too  much  inclined 
to  attribute  to  his  friend  Grant  sole  credit 
for  laudable  acts  of  his  administration  ss 
President  ;  for  example,  in  the  improve- 
ment of  relations  with  the  American  Indians. 
The  writer  of  the  present  notice  has  reason 
to  know  that  the  impulse  leading  to  the 
appointment  of  the  Board  of  Indian  Com- 
missioners in  1869  came  from  General 
Sherman's  tour  upon  the  frontier  in  1866, 
and  was  not,  as  Dr.  Eaton  thinks,  personal 
to  Grant  himself. 

Matters  outside  the  ordinary  line  of  Dr. 
Eaton's  book  are  sometimes  noticeable. 
Lincoln  is  quoted  on  the  parts  played  by 
himself  and  Seward  in  that  prompt  surrender 
of  Slidoll  and  Mason  by  which  war  with 
England  was  averted  at  the  time  of  the  Trent 
affair.  Lincoln  declares  that  Seward's 
policy  of  delay  was  ended  by  his  own  inter- 
vention. Another  point  of  interest,  dis- 
cussed in  The  Athenceum  on  a  previous 
occasion  and  here  revived,  is  the  brilliant 
generalship  of  "  Lew  Wallace,"  afterwards 
forgotten  as  a  soldier  and  remembered  as 
the  author  of  his  least  good  book.  The 
volume  also  contains  a  curious  account — 


No.  4191,  Feb.  22,  1908 


THE    ATHENiEUM 


227 


not,  we  think,  wholly  new — of  an  informal 
and  successful  mission  from  Lincoln  to 
Grant  undertaken  by  Dr.  Eaton  at  the 
moment  when  Lincoln  feared  that  Grant 
might  stand  against  him  for  the  Presidency. 

George  Meredith  :  Novelist,  Poet,  Re- 
former. ByM.  Sturge  Henderson.  (Methuen 
&  Co.) — Mrs.  Sturge  Henderson  has  erred 
through  approaching  her  subject  in  too 
devotional  a  spirit.  The  result  is  to  show 
that  she  has  thought  very  seriously  of  Mr. 
Meredith's  art,  but  very  little  of  the  art  of 
writing  about  art.  Her  book,  apart  from 
Mr.  Basil  de  Selincourt's  essays  on  Mr. 
Meredith's  poetry  and  an  interesting  chapter 
on  '  Meredith  as  Reviewer  and  Critic,' 
affects  one  like  the  reading  of  con- 
scientious journalism  which  is  no  longer 
new.  The  fact  that  the  influence  of  Jean 
Paul  Richter  upon  Mr.  Meredith's  style 
is  dismissed  in  three  sentences  shows 
that  comparison  is  not  sufficiently  con- 
sidered in  these  pages.  The  chapters  on 
the  poems  of  Mr.  Meredith  display  an 
enthusiastic  discontent  which  is  rather 
amusing.  Unfortunately,  the  marshalling 
of  quotations  is  not  skilful  enough  to  compel 
a  professed  lover  of  "  clear  words  "  to  read 
Meredith  many  times  in  order  to  grasp  and 
feel  his  music.  We  cannot  agree  with  Mr. 
de  Selincourt  in  describing  as  "  exquisitely 
felicitous  "  the  lines 

The  foxgloves  drop  from  throat  to  top 
A  daily  lesser  bell. 

On  the  other  hand,  he  is  less  than  just  to  the 

Odes   which    Mr.    Meredith    contributed    to 

Cosmopolis.     The    singer    of    them    seemed 

heard  from  a  crag  in  the  clouds.     The  book 

has   a  useful   index,  which  would   make   it 

really  luminous  if  it  could  ;    but  an  index 

cannot  do  everything. 

We  have  received  "  The  Oxford  Edition  " 
(Frowde)  of  The  Complete  Works  of  Thomas 
Campbell,  edited  by  J.  Logie  Robertson, 
and  available  both  in  cloth  and  in 
India  paper,  which  reduces  the  volume  to 
slender  proportions.  The  book  is  a  further 
specimen  of  the  careful  editing  and  arrange- 
ment we  associate  with  "  The  Oxford  Poets." 
Mr.  Robertson  in  his  Preface  explains  that 
he  has  "  not  printed  everything  metrical 
that  Campbell  wrote,"  but  that  this  edition 
contains  more  than  any  previous  one,  and 
"  nothing  that  deserved  to  be  included  has 
been  omitted."  This  principle  is  all  very 
well  in  the  hands  of  an  editor  of  discretion, 
but  it  is  hardly  consonant  with  the  title 
'  Complete  Works.'  It  is  best,  we  think, 
to  print  everything  that  has  not  been 
repudiated  by  the  poet  as  unworthy  of  him. 
Mr.  Robertson  is  surprised  and  indignant 
at  the  neglect  of  Campbell,  and  talks  justly 
of  the  merit  of  his  patriotic  songs  ;  but  these 
are  mostly  preserved  in  anthologies,  and 
the  longer  poems,  '  The  Pleasures  of  Hope ' 
and  '  Gertrude  of  Wyoming,'  with  which 
this  volume  opens,  are  not  attractive  to  the 
modern  reader.  We  think  that  Campbell 
has  all  tho  fame  he  deserves. 

The  Love  Letters  of  Mary  Wollstonecraft 
to  Gilbert  Imlay  have  been  printed  in  a  neat 
edition  by  Messrs.  Hutchinson.  Mr.  Roger 
Ingpen  in  a  useful  Preface  does  justice 
to  tho  powers  of  the  author  of  '  A 
Vindication  of  the  Rights  of  Woman.'  The 
passion  of  the  letters,  which  rises  on 
occasion  to  Sappho's  height,  is  less  striking 
than  the  dignity  and  independence  of  the 
writer.  She  is  saved  reluctantly  from 
suicide,  but  sho  does  not  sentimentalize 
over  her  brokon  heart.  Sho  only  asks 
questions  whore  sho  is  entitled  to  denounce  ; 
and  the  final  lotters,  with  thoir  studiod 
moderation  and  sense  of  personal  agony, 
are  »>n  indictment  which  can  nevor,  one 
thinks,    have    been    forgotten,    oven    by    a 


shallow  and  paltry  lover.  The  situation 
has  been  often  used  in  fiction,  but  we 
recall  nothing  so  poignant  as  these  few  pages. 
Throughout  it  is  only  the  writer's  love 
for  her  little  girl  which  enables  her  to  bear 
up  against  the  brooding  despondency  which 
ended  in  disillusion,  but  not  in  malice.  Her 
last  words  are  :    "I  part  with  you  in  peace." 

Mb.  J.  Prelooker,  editor  of  The  Anglo- 
Russian,  publishes,  through  Messrs.  Simpkin, 
Marshall  &  Co.,  Heroes  and  Heroines  of 
Russia,  a  volume  of  illustrated  biographies 
of  historical  Russian  rebels  and  modern 
revolutionists,  from  Stenka  Razin  and 
Pugatcheff,  to  those  now  living.  The  omis- 
sions from  the  list  are  conspicuous,  but 
some  of  the  lives  are  full  and  interesting. 
A  good  portrait  is  given  (from  a  photograph 
taken,  we  judge,  about  1869)  of  Herzen, 
remembered  by  many  still  living  as  resident 
for  a  time  at  Geneva  with  Ogareff,  of  whom 
less  is  told  us  in  this  book  than  might  have 
been  expected.  The  friendship  here  de- 
scribed between  Herzen,  the  principal 
Russian  revolutionary  writer  of  his  time, 
and  Turguenieff  the  novelist,  was  possibly 
a  reason  why  the  latter  found  it  difficult 
to  reside  on  his  estates,  or  even  to  visit  his 
country,  for  some  years  before  his  stay  at 
Moscow  in  the  autumn  of  1870.  Turgue- 
nieff was  not  distinctly  revolutionary  in 
his  opinions,  but  was  so  (  pen-minded  as  to 
be  capable  of  appreciating  the  revolutionary 
point  of  view  better  than  he  could  the 
governmental.  Herzen  may  be  called  the 
inventor  of  the  first  Nihilist  movement  of 
the  sixties,  though  Turguenieff  in  his 
'  Sportsman's  Notes '  had  done  much  to 
prepare  it,  and  in  '  Fathers  &  Sons '  had 
given  it  a  name. 

Another  interesting  figure  of  whom  we  are 
told  much  is  Lavroff,  and  we  welcome  the 
excellent  portrait  of  that  most  delightful 
of  companions.  Lavroff  was  a  moderate 
among  the  revolutionists,  although  equally 
excluded  from  his  country  after  his  escape 
from  "  enforced  residence."  It  is  one  of  the 
sad  facts  that  must  be  faced  in  all  Russian 
revolutionary  literature  and  biography  that 
each  section  regards  the  chief  men  of  those 
less  violent  as  "  sold  to  the  police."  Lavroff, 
like  Prince  Peter  Kropotkin  and  many  other 
distinguished  leaders  of  Russian  thought, 
had  been  an  officer  and  was  a  man  of  science, 
and  held  office  as  Professor  of  Mathematics 
in  the  Artillery  School  for  many  years 
before  his  arrest.  During  his  life  in  Paris 
he  protected  and  aided  from  his  small 
means,  with  infinite  tenderness,  Russians 
who  had  been  forced  to  fly  their  country, 
even  when  they  belonged  to  that  section 
of  terrorists  by  whom  he  was  long  denounced. 
The  author  of  the  volume  before  us  rightly 
describes  him  as  above  all  things  "  gentle  "  ; 
and  the  portrait  will  bear  out  the  appellation 
to  those  who  were  unacquainted  with  the 
man. 

The  cover  of  the  volume  repeats  a  picture 
given  as  a  full-page  illustration  with  the 
text,  and  taken  by  the  author  to  represent 
an  actual  scene  upon  the  Eastern  road  from 
Perm.  The  writer  of  tho  present  notice  is 
unable  to  recognize  the  spot  in  the  highly 
imaginary  picture,  and  tho  author  is  not 
justified  in  his  suggestion  that  this  "  halt  of 
the  exiles "  at  the  Siberian  frontier  now 
takes  place.  It  is,  indeed,  unusual  to  march 
"  politicals,"  or  even  ordinary  convicts,  on 
foot  by  road  in  winter  ;  and,  while  agreeing 
in  the  author's  viow  of  Mr.  Kennan's  book, 
we  are  unablo  to  admit  that  "  the  realism 
of  the  wholo  scono  is  true  even  to  illusion." 

Mkssrs.  Brown,  Langham  &  Co.  publish 
a  revised  edition  of  Benedictine  :  Sketches  of 
Married  Life,  by  E.  H.  Lacon  Wat«on.  The 
author    touches    with    excellent    and    easy 


humour  on  the  experiences  of  a  newly 
married  couple.  The  husband  is  literary  r 
and  makes  pretty  play  with  the  April 
humours  and  charming  inconsequence  of 
his  companion.  The  essays  are  pleasantly 
free  from  preciosity,  though  here  and  there 
obviously  Stevensonian  in  style. 

Dr.  Smythe  Palmer  has  prefixed  an- 
admirable  Introduction  to  Trench's  Miracles* 
of  our  Lord.  Like  Trench's  '  Parables  of 
our  Lord,'  it  is  a  volume  of  essential  worth 
and  insight,  and  we  are  glad  to  have  both 
in  the  convenient  form  of  "  The  London 
Library  "  (Routledge). 

We  have  before  us  several  volumes  of 
Messrs.  Cassell's  "  People's  Library,"  which 
is  certainly  a  marvel  of  cheapness.  The 
present  issue  is  of  books  too  well  known 
to  need  comment,  such  as  The  Last  Days  of 
Pompeii,  The  Tower  of  London,  The  Last  of 
the  Mohicans,  and  Esmond,  which  are  bound 
in  red  cloth  ;  and  The  Poems  of  Longfellow, 
The  Bible  in  Spain,  and  The  Opium-Eater, 
and  other  Writings,  of  De  Quincey,  in  green 
cloth.  Tho  last  forms  an  excellent  selection 
of  De  Quincey's  work,  and  looks  very  well 
in  green  leather  at  a  slightly  enhanced  price. 
We  wonder  why  the  well-chosen  and  well- 
justified  quotation  from  Horace  has  been 
removed  from  the  title-page  of  '  Esmond/ 
where  Thackeray  put  it.  Even  if  the  public 
does  not  appreciate  it,  it  ought  surely  to 
stand. 

"  The  World's  Classics  "  (Frowde)  are 
making  continual  advance,  and  are  dis- 
tinguished by  the  neatness  of  their  form 
and  the  excellence  of  the  introductions 
supplied.  Mr.  E.  V.  Lucas  introduces 
capitally  Cowper's  Letters  :  a  Selection,  and 
Emma,  which  is,  like  others  of  Jane  Austen's 
little  series  of  masterpieces,  perpetually 
gaining  new  admirers.  We  do  not  ourselves 
regard  it  as  the  best  of  the  novels,  but  it  is 
certainly  very  good.  Mr.  Lucas  has  said 
nothing  about  Miss  Bates,  who,  a  great  poet 
and  critic  once  told  us,  was  a  new  thing  in 
English  letters.  The  Master  of  Peterhouse 
has  a  long  and  interesting  Introduction  to 
Marlowe's  Dr.  Faustus,  which  appears  along 
with  Goethe's  Faust  in  Anster's  version.  Mr. 
Austin  Dobson  is  much  shorter,  but  equally 
sound,  on  the  volume  of  Reynolds's  Dis- 
courses and  Letters  to  '  The  Idler.'  Unto 
this  Last  and  Munera  Pulveris  appear 
together  in  an  edition  sanctioned  by  Messrs. 
George  Allen — indeed,  bearing  the  imprint 
of  that  house.  Burke's  Works,  Vols.  V.  and 
VI.,  and  The  Poetical  Works  of  Browning, 
Vol.  II.,  complete  an  instalment  which 
shows  the  wide  range  of  the  series. 

Few  people  in  Ireland  buy  books  ;  still 
fewer  read  them,  but  a  great  many  write 
them.  Therefore  it  is  clear  that  the  work  of 
Irish  writers  must  have  a  considerable  circu- 
lation outside  their  native  country.  It  may 
fairly  be  assumed  that  this  is  so  in  the  case 
of  The  Shanachie  (Dublin,  Maunsel  &  Co.), 
an  Irish  illustrated  quarterly,  which  was 
started  some  eighteen  months  ago  as  a 
vehicle  for  the  work  of  the  younger  school 
of  Irish  writers,  and  which,  thanks  to  the 
spirited  editorship  of  Mr.  J.  H.  Hone, 
not  only  keeps  up  its  head,  but  also  keeps  up 
its  high  literary  standard.  For  the  benefit 
of  the  uninitiated,  it  may  be  noted  that 
the  word  "  Shanachie"  is  Gaolic  for  "  story- 
teller." 

The  current  number  (Winter,  1907)  is 
oxcellont.  Mr.  J.  M.  Syngo,  author  of 
'The  Playboy  of  the  Western  World.' 
contributes  a  delightful  sketch  of  Puck 
Fair,  in  the  remote  part  ef  West  Kon\  ; 
and  no  man  could  have  realised  the  elusive 
charm  of  the  far  SOUth-west  of  Ireland 
with  more  informed  sympathy  «>r  a  moro 
oxquisite  sense  of  atmosphere. 


228 


Til  E     ATI!  ENJBU  M 


No.  U91,  Feb.  22,  r 


Mr     Q.    A.    Birmingham'",    article      On 

Bullying '    is   ■   l-rilliant    satiro  OO    the  spirit 

taction  which  eoriata  in  [reland,  not  only 
in  politics,  i-ut  also  in  religion,  btereture, 
arl  and  every  poaaible  phaae  oj  thoughl 
or  activity.  Lord  Ounaany,  in  'The  Doom 
oi  La  Traviate,'  givea  expression  to  the 
dreamy  mysticism  which  is  characteristic 
oi  his  temperament :   while  Mr.  L.  C.  Doylo 

tributes  a  clevor  story  in  North  of 
[reland  dialect — a  form  of  expression  which 
has  not  yet  boon  utilized  so  much  as  its 
Lbilit&ee  deserve.  There  is  also  good 
work  by  Messrs.  Cousins,  FitzGerald,  and 
Orkney;  while  the  verso  of  Messrs.  Padraic 
Colum  and  Seumas  O' Sullivan  has  distinc- 
tion. Tho  illustrations  include  drawings  by 
Mr.  R,  C.  Orpon,  Mr.  Jack  B.  Yeats,  and 
Miss  Grace  Gifford.  Miss  Gifford's  capital 
caricatures  of  Mr.  William  Orpen  and  the 
celebrated  "  Pat "  deserve  special  mention. 


SIR  JAMES  KNOWLES. 
We  notice  with  regret  the  death  at 
Brighton  on  the  13th  inst.  of  Sir  James 
Knowles,  K.C.V.O.  Born  in  1831,  he 
followed  his  father's  profession  as  an  archi- 
tect, being  best  known  in  this  lino  as  the 
designer  of  Tennyson's  house  in  Surrey, 
Aldworth.  He  started  the  Metaphysical 
Society  in  1869,  which  proved  a  successful 
means  for  the  meeting  of  men  of  such 
different  views  as  Huxley  and  Manning. 
In  1870  Knowles  became  editor  of  The 
Contemporary  Review,  and  when  he  left  his 
post  in  1877,  as  the  result  of  a  difference 
with  the  proprietors,  founded  The  Nine- 
teenth Century,  now  The  Nineteenth  Century 
and  After,  with  which  his  name  will  always 
be  associated.  Aided  by  tho ..  support  of 
Tennyson,  Gladstone,  and  other  prominent 
men  of  the  day,  he  made  a  great  success  of 
his  venture,  which  became  the  leading 
monthly  magazine,  and  maintained  its 
position  for  some  years. 

Knowles  had  a  great  eye  for  actualities, 
to  use  a  convenient  French  expression, 
and  a  great  respect  for  prominent  names, 
which  secure  the  keen  attention  of  the  public. 
But,  like  his  friend  and  supporter  Tennyson, 
he  was  abreast  of  the  times,  and  never 
ahead  of  them.  He  thought,  perhaps,  too 
much  of  what  the  public  wanted  to  see — 
too  little  of  what  it  is  the  business  of  a 
responsible  editor  to  teach  the  public,  even 
against  its  will.  His  devotion  to  names 
did  not  always  encourage  expert  views. 
Gladstone,  for  Instance,  was  far  from  being  a 
sound  literary  critic  ;  and  Knowles,  with 
all  his  alertness  of  mind,  could  not  claim 
the  special  knowledge  which  would  have 
entitled  him  to  control  his  contributors. 
That,  however,  would  not  be  regarded  by 
the  exponents  of  popular  journalism  to-day 
as  a  disadvantage. 

Of  late  years  The  Nineteenth  Century 
cannot  be  said  to  have  maintained  its  pre- 
eminence over  its  monthly  rivals,  and  in 
quality  and  amount  the  literary  criticism 
included  (which  does  not  interest  tho  larger 
public  of  readers)  has  fallen  back. 


NOTES  FROM  PARIS. 
The  recent  publication  of  a  translation 
of  Keats' s  poems  by  the  Marquise  do  Cler- 
mont-Tonnerre  has  givon  rise  to  comment 
in  society.  This  book  is  a  bit  of  literary 
piety.  Madame  do  Clermont-Tonnerre  has 
wished  to  repair  an  unjust  omission  by 
presenting  Koats  to  the  French.  Here  in 
France  we  still  give  the  second  or  third 
placo  amongst  English  poets  to  Byron, 
who  has  among  us  the  repute,  if  not  the 
real  popularity,  he  has  lost  with  you. 
Critics    know    Sholley,    but    hardly    Keats, 


the  perfection  of  whoae  art  baa  until  now 
diaoooraged    all    attempt     at    tran  latum. 
For  a   whole  year   W"""*  de  Clermont 
Tonnerre  lias  given  tho  leiaare  of  a  cultivated 
Ladj   t"  tins  delicate  task,  which  has  fright- 
onod  all  other  French    admiren  of  Rngliah 
poetry.     To    render     Keats    in     our    ton 
was  it  not  to  attempt  the  impossible  '.'      The 
translator    has    sacrific-cnl    much    to    obtain 
concisonoss    of   form,    while    her    diffiooltiec 
were  increased  by  tho  precision  of  modern 
French.     Without    boing    gifted    with    tho 
magical  sense  of  verbal  expression  peculiar 
to    Koats,    Madame   de   Clermont-Tonnerre 
presents   to    Froncli   scholars   a   translation 
of    beautiful    and    classical    elegance.     Her 
choice  of  poems  seoms  not  complete  enough 
to    give   us   a   thorough   knowledge   of   tho 
poet's  genius,  but  she  has  at  least  known 
how    to   select    those   poems   in   which   his 
personality  and  life  are  disclosed.     Amongst 
these  Madame  de  Clermont-Ton-nerre    has 
not   forgotten    the   sonnet   in   which  Keats 
foresees  his  early  death  : — 

When  I  have  fears  that  I  may  cease  to  be. 
Parisians  aro  eagerly  awaiting  a  new  play 
by  M.  Rostand,  who  at  present  is  staying 
at  liis  Cambo  country  house,  and  has  at 
last  sent  for  the  artist  and  costumier  to 
discuss  the  "  decoration,"  scenery,  and 
dresses  for  '  Chantecler,'  which  was  long 
since  promised  to  M.  Coquelin,  and 
is  to  be  produced  at  the  Porte-Saint- 
Martin  Theatre.  The  great  actor  is  looking 
forward  to  putting  this  piece  on  the  stage 
next  winter.  Several  privileged  friends 
were  invited  to  hear  the  reading  of  the  first 
acts,  which  they  received  with  enthusiasm. 

'  Chantecler '  is  a  human  presentment, 
in  the  style  of  Aristophanes  and  the  tales 
of  the  Middle  Ages,  of  the  life  and  manners 
of  animals.  In  the  first  act  there  is  said 
to  be  a  hymn  to  the  sun  of  rare  beauty. 
This  hymn  will  be  sung  by  the  cock,  which 
is  to  be  impersonated  by  M.  Coquelin. 
But  Parisians  will  probably  have  to 
exercise  patience  a  little  longer,  for  the  poet 
wishes  to  trim  and  work  out  his  play  to 
greater  perfection  before  giving  it  to  the 
public.  He  has  enjoyed  such  dazzling 
popularity  that  he  is  naturally  anxious 
to  sustain  it. 

The  standard  of  the  French  section  of 
the  Beaux-Arts  in  the  Exhibition  of  the 
Entente  in  London  will  be  more  artistic 
than  at  first  we  dared  to  hope.  On  account 
of  the  dominance  of  the  "  peintre  officiel," 
protestations  were  raised  by  some  artists. 
After  long  discussions,  a  more  careful  choice 
has  been  made,  so  that  our  show  promises 
to  be  admirable. 

The  Palais  des  Beaux-Arts  aCTthe  Ex- 
hibition will  be  divided  into  four_  sections, 
with  a  centre  occupied  by  sculpture.  Two 
of  the  sections  will  be  given  up  to  modern 
paintings  ;  and  the  third  to  a  retrospective 
exhibition  of  painting,  sculpture,  and 
"  objets  d'art "  ;  while  the  fourth  will 
be  occupied  by  works  of  decorative 
art.  The  Retrospective  Section,  which 
will  consist  of  eighty  pictures,  carefully 
selected  as  the  best  examples  of  the  French 
School  during  the  nineteenth  century,  has 
presented  peculiar  difficulty.  As  our  law 
stands,  the  removal  of  works  of  art  from 
our  museums  is  forbidden,  so  a  proposal 
has  been  submitted  to  the  Chambre  des 
Deputes  for  the  purposo  of  obtaining  per- 
mission to  take  away  some  of  our  master- 
pieces. One  of  these  is  a  portrait  by  Ingres. 
This  colebratod  canvas  was  given  to  the 
Musoum  at  Nantes  on  tho  express  condition 
that  it  should  never  be  lent  outside,  not 
evon  to  a  Universal  Exhibition.  In  spite 
of  this  condition,  you  English  will  soon  be 
able  to  admire  it  at  your  leisure. 

In  a  few  weeks  I  propose  to  send  a  list  of 


the    pi  incipal  obj<  <t  ■  i   and  mod. 

1 1  nit   v.  ill   Em  of    the 

coming  Entente  Cordiale  Exposition. 

I     l 


LIS/]    OF  NKW  B001 

i.  H  (.  1. 1  -  II. 
TUrology. 
Uainliillail  (A.),  The  Catholic  Church,  I 

Protestant iHin,     •       I  •    lures  at  the  Catholic  Institute 
of  Paris,  January  to  March,  1904.    Translated  by  I 
Philip  Uibbs,   with  a   Prefatory  Letter  from  Canl 
Perrand. 
Bickeratel  h(K«-v.  CATheBhunamuiite,  and  other  Addre--.  s 

to  Women  in  Missions  and  in  i:  net. 

Carpenter  (W.  Boyd),  A  Popular  History  of  the  church  of 
land  from  the  Earliest  'limes  to  the  Present  I1 
2/6  net.    Popular  Edition. 
Clergy  List,  with  which  is  incorporated  the  Clerical  Guide 

and  Kcc]csi;tstie;tl  Directory,  1908,  12A6 
Conduct   of   Life:    or,    the    Uni\ei-al    Order   of   ConfOdnS, 
1/net.     In  the  Wisdom  of  the  K.-t  ~-eries.     A  tr 
tion,  by  Ku  Hung  Ming,  of  one  of  the  four  Confucian 
hooks  hitherto  known  as  the  Doctrine  of  the  Main. 
FitchettfW.  If.),  Hie  Beliefs  of  Unbelief,  3/0.     Studi. 

the  alternatives  of  faith. 
Grafton  (Bishop),  A  Catholic  Atlas,  or  Digest  of  Catholic 
Theology,  10/G  net.    Deals  with  fundamentals  of  religion, 
summary  of  Catholic  Doctrine,  means  of  grace,  &c. 
Martineau  (.1.),  What  is  Christianity  .-  Of.     A  reprint  of  the 
'  Rationale   of   Religions   Enquiry ;  or,    the  Q 
stated  of  Reason,  the  Bible,  and  the  Church.' 
Pigou  (Francis),  The  Acts  of  the  Holy  ■ 

experience  of  conducting  parochial  missions. 
Testaments  of  the  Twelve  Patriarchs,  15/  net.     Translated 
from  the  editor's  Greek  Text,  ami  edited  with  Introduc- 
tion, notes,  and  indices,  by  R.  If.  Charles. 
Weston  (Canon),  The  One  Christ,  5/ net.     An  inquiry  into 

the  manner  of  the  Incarnation. 
Winstanley  (E.  W.),  Spirit  in  the  New  Testament,  3/6  net. 
An  inquiry  into  the  use  of  the  word  nvivfia  in  all 
passages,  and  a  survey  of  the  evidence  concerning  the 
Holy  Spirit. 
Wright  (I).),  Was  Jesus  an  Essene?  1/  net.  In  the  New 
Life  Booklets. 

Law. 
Annual  Digest,  1007,  15/ 

Statutes  of  Practical  Utility,  1907,  10/6.      With  nou  - 
W.  If.  Apgs. 

Fine  Art  and  Archaeology. 
Calvert  (A.  E.).  Goya:  an  Account  of  his  Life  and  Works, 
3/0  net.    With    012    reproductions   from   his  pictr. 
etchings,  and  lithographs. 
Cicerone,  The,  6/  net.     An  art  guide  to  painting  in  Ital 

the  use  of  travellers  and  students,  translated  by  Mr-. 
A.  H.  Clough.     Xew  Edition. 
Coins  and  Medals  of  the  Knights  of  Malta,  described  by 

Canon  H.  Calleja  Schembri. 
Great  Masters  in  Painting  and  Sculpture :  Piero  della 
Francesca,  by  W.  G.  Waters;  Pietro  Vannucci,  called 
Perugino,  by  G.  C.  Williamson  ;  Pintoricchio,  by  E.  M. 
Phillipps  ;  Velasquez,  by  R.  A.  M.  Stevenson,  3/6  net 
each. 
Holmes  (Sir  R.  Rivington),  Windsor,  7/6  net.    Painted  by 

George  M.  Henton. 
Shackleton  (R.  and  E.),  The  Quest  of  the  Antique,  10/6  net. 
Contains  some  experiences  in  the  finding  of  old  furni- 
ture, with  numerous  illustrations. 
Temple  (A.   G.),   Modern  Spanish   Painting,  105/  net.     A 
review  of  some  of  the  chief  painters  and  paintings  of 
the  Spanish  School  since  the  time  of  Goya.    Limited 
Edition. 
Townsend  (W.  G.  Paulson)  and  Pesel  (L.  F.),  Embroidery  : 
or  the  Craft  of  the  Needle,  3/6  net.    Contains  36  illr's- 
trations,  and  Preface  by  Walter  Crane.     New  Edition. 
Poetry  and  Drama. 
Brooke's  Romeus  and   Juliet.    2/6  net.     The  Original  of 
Shakspeare's   'Romeo  and  Juliet.'     Newly  edited  by 
J.  J.  Munro  in  the  Shakespeare  Library. 
Fogerty(E.),  The  Queen's  Jest,  and  two  Other  Plays,  Cd. 
net.     Illustrated  by  Isabel  Bonus.     In  Standard  Plays 
for  Amateur  Performances  in  Girls'  Schools. 
Mason  (C.  M.),  The  Saviour  of  the  World :  Vol.  I.  The  Holy 
Infancy,  3,0  net.    Mostly  unrhymed  verse,  with  illns- 
t  rat  ions. 
Shakespeare,  Fourth  Folio  Facsimile  Title-Page,  1/ net- 
Tennyson,     Enoch    Arden,    and     In     Memori.nn,    4/   net. 
Bdited   by   Hallam,   Lord  Tennyson,  in   the  Eversley 
Series. 
Truth's  Mirror  :  or,  the  Age  of  Brass,  1/  net      A  Pasquil  by 
Ariel,  with  a  letter  from  Prospero. 
Bibliography. 
Book-Auction  Records,  Vol.  V.  Part  I. 
Book -Prices  Current,  Vol.  XXII.  Part  II. 
Book  Review,  No.  I.  New  Series,  M, 
smith  (D.  B.),  Bara  Arithmetics.    A.  Catalogue  of  Arith- 
metics printed  before  1601,  with  a  description  of  those 
in  the  library  of  Mr.  G.  A.  Plimpton. 
Philosophy. 
Pillshury  (W.  IS.).  Attention,  10(1  net.     New  Edition. 

1'tilitical  Economu. 
McCarthy  (C.)  The  Causes  of  Poverty,  2/  net. 

Eixtory  and  Biography. 
Chesney  (Weatherbv),  The  Romance  of  a  Queen,  6/.    The 
stow  of  Queen  Praga,  who  is  shown   in  a  favourable 

Clause  (MA   Chief  of  Police  under  the   Second  Empire, 
Memoirs.  12/6  net.    Transl.it ed  by  Katharine  Pn 
Wormeley.  .     „    ,     .  ,„ 

llvamson(A.  M.),  A  History  of  the  Jews  in   England,  4/6 
n.t.    With  portraits  and mapa 

Jewish    Historical    Society     of     England  :    Transactions, 
Vol.  VL,  Parti.  .     .    .. 

Leaves  from  a  Life.    A  volume  of  Reminiscences,  including 
some  important  figures  of  the  Victorian  era. 


No.  4191,  Feb.  22,  1908 


THE    ATHENAEUM 


229 


Letters  from  Percy  Bysshe  Shelley  to  Elizabeth  Kitchener, 

5/  net.    With  an  Introduction  and  notes. 
Reconnaissance  in  the  Russo-Japanese  War,  by  Asiaticus, 

4/  net.  Translated  from  the  German  by  J.  Montgomery. 
Registrum    Ade    de    Orleton,      Episcopi     Herefordensis, 

a.d.  1317-27. 
Sisley's   Biography    Books :  John  Constable,    by   M.    Y. 

Bankart  ;  Lord  Nelson,  edited  by  O.  Ellison  ;  Richard 

Wagner,  by  Edith  Robarts,  6<2.  net  each. 
Taylor  (I.  A.),  Lady  Jane  Grey  and  her  Times,   16/  net. 

With  17  illustrations. 
Watson  (A.),  A  Great  Labour  Leader,  15/  net.     A  life   of 

the  Right  Hon.  Thomas  Burt,  M.P.,  with  an  Introduc- 
tion by  Fred  Maddison. 

Geography  and  Travel. 
Ogilvie  (W.  H.),  My  Life  in  the  Open,  5/  net.    Deals  with 

fanning  in  many  parts  of  the  world. 
Richards  (L.),  Comprehensive  Geography  of  the  Chinese 

Empire,  20/  net. 
Stewart  (B.),  The  Land  of  the  Maple  Leaf ;  or,  Canada  as 
*>       I  Saw  It,  6/.    Illustrated  from  photographs  by  the 
author. 

Edxication. 
Public  Schools  Year-Book,  190S,  3/6  net. 
Report  of  the  President  of  the  Johns  Hopkins  University, 

Baltimore,  1907. 
Schoolmaster's  Year-Book  and  Directory,  1908,  7/6  net. 

Philology. 
Headlam  (W.),  Restorations  of  Menander,  1/ 
Linguistic  Survey  of  India  :  Vol.   IX.  Indo-Aryan  Family, 
Central    Group:    Part    III.,    The    Bhil     Languages. 
Compiled  and  edited  by  G.  A.  Grierson.     For  notice  of 
Vol.  V.  Part  I.,  see  Athen,,  Aug.  13,  1904,  p.  198. 

School-Books. 
Bagnall  (C.)  and  Vivier  (H.),  Recits  tire's  des  Classifies 

Francais,  6d. 
Blackie's   English    Classics :    Tennyson's   Dream   of   Fair 

Women  and  Tithonus  ;  Tennyson's  Palace  of  Art  and 

Ulysses,  2d.  each. 
Blackie's  English  Texts :    Cowley's    Essays ;    Washington 

Irving's  England's  Rural  Life  and  Christmas  Customs, 

edited  by  H.    C.    Brooks ;    Malory's    Knights   of  the 

Round  Table ;  Malory's  Coming  of  Arthur ;  Plutarch's 

Life  of  Julius  Csesar  ;  Ruskin's  Byzantine  Churches  of 

Venice,  6d.  each. 
Blackie's  Little  French  Classics :    Lamartine's  Premieres 

Meditations  Poetiques,  edited  by  A.  T.  Baker  ;  Morax's 

La  Princesse  Feuille-Morte,  edited  by  A.  P.   Guiton  ; 

Souvestre's  Theatre  de  la  Jeunesse,  edited  by  W.  Herbert 

Hill,  id.  each. 
Blackie's  Latin  Texts  :    General    Vocabulary  to   Cresar's 

Gallic  War  ;  General  Vocabulary  to  Virgil,  both  edited 

by  A.  Graham,  1/  each. 
Bridgett(R.  C),  Experimental  Trigonometry,  1/ 
Dramatic  Scenes  from  History,  1/6.      Selected  by  Fanny 

Johnson. 
Endecott(F.  C.),  A  School  Course  in  Physics,  2/6 
Kinglake  (A.   W.),   Eothen,  1/.    In  Blackie's  School  and 

Home  Library. 
Lessons  on  Civics,  6d.     A  sketch  of  British  institutions  at 

the  present  day.    Reprinted   from  '  A  Short  History  of 

Great  Britain.' 
Magee  (E.),  Le  Chevalier  du  Guet,  id. 
Moreau's  Contes  a  ma  Sceur,  8<f.     Edited  by  Louis  A.  Barbe" 

in  Blackie's  Longer  French  Texts. 
Nixon  (E.),  A  Junior  History  of  England,  1/6 
Ogilvie  (J.),  An  English  Dictionary,  1/  net.     With  lists  of 

affixes  and  prefixes,  abbreviations,  Latin,  French,  and 

Italian  phrases,  &c. 
Rouse  (W.  H.  D.),  A  Greek  Reader,  2/6  net. 
Stirling  (A.  H.),  A  Sketch  of  Scottish  Industrial  and  Social 

History  in  the  Eighteenth  and  Nineteenth  Centuries,  1/6 
Stout  (J.   F.),   Cicero,   In  Catilinam   I.-IV.,   2/6.     In  the 

University  Tutorial  Series. 
Wilshire  (II.),  Essentials  of  French  Grammar,   1/6.    For 

junior  classes. 

Science. 
Berg  (E.  J.),  Electrical  Energy,  10/6  net. 
(  use  for  the  Goat,  by  "  Home  Counties,"  3/6.     With  many 

photographs  of  prize  goats  and  goat  stables. 
Cisson  (H  N.),  The  Romance  of  Steel,  10/6  net. 
Clark  (H.  L.),  The  Apodous  Holothurians.     A  monograph 

on  the  Synaptidse  and  Molpadiidjp,  including  a  Report 

on  the  representatives  of  those  families  in  the  collec- 
tions of  the  U.S.  National  Museum. 
Goodrich  (C.  L.),  the  First  Book  of  Farming,  4/6  net. 
Kempe  (II.   R.),  The  Engineer's  Year-Book  of   Formula, 

Rules.  <vc,  1908,  8/ 
Pycraft  (W.  P.),  A  Book  of  Birds,  6/  net.     With  30  coloured 

plates,  and  many  illustrations  in  the  text. 
Quackenbos  (J.  D.),  Hypnotic  Therapeutics  in  Theory  and 

Practice,  7/6  net.    With  numerous  illustrations  of  treat- 
ment by  suggestion. 
Records  of  the  Geological  Survey  of  India,  Vol.  XXXVI. 

Part  II.,  1  rupee. 
Scripture  (E.  W.),  Thinking,  Feeling,  and  Doing,  9/  net.    An 

introduct  ion    to    mental    science,    with    illustrations. 

Second  Edition. 
Sturge    (M.    Carta),  The   Truth    and    Error  of    Christian 

Science,  2/6  net. 
Thomsen(.L), Thermochemistry, 9/.  Translated  by  Katharine 

A.  Burke  in  Textbooks  of  Physical  Chemistry. 

Fiction. 

Askew  (A.  and  C),  Not  Proven,  6/.  Illust  rated.  The  story 
of  a  mystery.— The  Path  of  Lies,  <>/ 

Bacon  (J.  I).), 'Ten  to  Seventeen,  6/.  A  boarding-school 
diary,  Illustrated, 

Birmingham  (G.  A.),  The  Bad  Times,  6/.  Deals  with  the 
rise  of  the  Land  League  in  Ireland. 

Castle  (A.  and  E.),  Flower  o' the  Orange,  and  other  Stories, 
6/.  With  a  coloured  frontispiece  by  Arthur  EL  Buck- 
land.  Five  of  the  tales  deal  with  the  middle  (ienrgian 
f>eriod,  and  two  with  the  Elizabethan. 
>(T.),  The  Chichester  Intrigue,  6/.  Hie  intrigue  turns 
on  the  discovery  of  some  love-letters. 

Crossways  ([).),  A  Melton  Monologue,  3/6.  Presents  the 
imaginary  diary  of  a  lady  of  quality  during  a  foxhunt  ing 
season. 


Dorrington  (A.),  And  the  Day  Came,  6/.  By  a  young 
Australian  writer.  The  earlier  scenes  are  laid  in 
Australia,  but  most  of  the  action  takes  place  in 
England. 

Fenn  (G.  M.),  Sir  Hilton's  Sin,  6/ 

Fletcher  (J.  S.),  Mothers  in  Israel,  6/.  A  study  of  back- 
biting in  a  rustic  community. 

Griffith  (G.),  John  Brown,  Buccaneer,  6/ 

Hunt  (Violet),  White  Rose  of  Weary  Leaf,  6/ 

London  (Jack),  Love  of  Life,  and  other  Stories,  6/ 

Meade  (L.  T.),  Sarah's  Mother,  6/ 

Pemberton  (Max),  Wheels  of  Anarchy,  6/.  The  story  of  an 
assassin,  as  recited  from  the  papers  and  narrative  of 
his  secretary,  with  frontispiece  by  R.  B.  M.  Paxton. 

Pitfield  (A.),  Princess  of  the  Sandhills,  3/6 

Reeth  (Allan),  Legions  of  the  Dawn,  6/ 

Reynolds  (Mrs.  F.),  St.  David  of  the  Dust,  6/ 

Scott  (J.  R.),  Beatrix  of  Clare,  6/.  With  illustrations  in 
colour  by  Clarence  F.  Underwood. 

Steuart  (K.),  Richard  Kennoway  and  his  Friends,  7/6  net. 
A  story  of  real  life  so  told  that  the  book  is  half 
biography  and  half  fiction.  The  period  is  that  of  the 
French  Revolution  and  Napoleon's  wars. 

Sykes  (J.  A.  C),  Mark  Alston,  6/.  With  8  illustrations  by 
E.  C.  Gillespy.  A  volume  "  inspired  by  events  in  the 
married  life  of  Ruskin." 

Warden  (G.),  The  Crime  in  the  Alps,  6/ 

Williamson  (C.  N.  and  A.  M.),  The  Princess  Passes,  7d.  net. 
In  Nelson's  Library.  For  former  notice  see  Athen., 
Sept.  24,  1904,  p.  412. 

Wynne  (May),  Let  Erin  Remember,  6/ 

General  Literature. 
Bell oc  (H.),  On  Nothing  and  Kindred  Subjects,  5/.    Papers 

on  all  sorts  of  themes,  including  politics  and  sketches 

of  travel. 
Bradshaw's  Railway    Manual,    Shareholders'   Guide   and 

Directory,  1908,  12/ 
Clausewitz  (General  C.  von),  On  War,    3  vols.,   21/  net. 

Translated  by  Col.  J.  J.  Graham,  with  Introduction 

and  notes  by  Col.  F.  N.  Maude.     New  Edition. 
Dickens  (C),  Miscellaneous   Papers,    Plays,  and  Poems, 

2  vols.,  10/6  net  each.    In  the  National  Edition. 
Directory  of  Directors  for  1908,  15/  net. 
Grant  Richards's  Penny  Classics :   Ruskin's  Sesame  and 

Lilies  ;  Shakespeare's  Merchant  of  Venice,  Id.  each. 
Halsham  (J.),  Idlehurst :  a  Journal  kept  in  the  Country, 

5/  net.    Second  Edition.    For  former  notice  see  Athen., 

Dec.  3,  1898,  p.  789. 
Hart's  Annual  Army  List  for  1908,  21/ 
Hermes,  February,  3d. 
Humphreys  (A.   L.),   Salt  and  Sincerity:  from  '  Letters  to 

Belinda,'  3/6  net. 
Indian  Review,  January,  5  rupees. 
King's  Classics  :   Chaucer's  Parliament  of  Birds  and  The 

House  of  Fame  ;  Essay  on  Gardens,  by  Sir  William 

Temple  ;  Poets  Royal  of  England  and  Scotland,  edited 

by  W.  Bailey-Kempling,  1/6  net  each. 
Leigh  (E.  C.  Austen),  A  List  of  English  Clubs  in  all  parts 

of  the  World  for  1908,  3/6 
Pattin  (H.  C.  P.),  Rummage,  2/  net.    A  collection  of  papers 

of  a  varied  kind. 
Redmond  (J.  E.),  Some  Arguments  for  Home  Rule,  6rf.    A 

series  of  speeches  delivered  in  the  autumn  of  1907,  with 

Preface  and  notes  by  J.  G.  Swift  MacNeill. 
Thompson  (A.  P.),  Instruction  in  Cookery,  2/6 
Wilde  (Oscar)  Collected  Works,  14  vols,  175/  net. 

Pamphlets. 
Delle  Sedie  School  of  Singing,  Limited. 
Dobbs  (A.  E.),  Real  Representation  for  Ireland,  6(7. 
Guide  to  the  Charbonnier  Collection  of  Pewter  in  Taunton 

Castle  Museum,  6<f. 
Report,   Rides,   List  of  Members,  &c,  of  The  Cantilupe 

Society  for  1907. 


FOREIGN. 

Law. 
Herz  (H.),   Verbrechen  u  Verbrechertum    in  Oesterreich, 
6m.  50. 

Poetry. 
Verhaeren  (E.),  Les  Visages  de  la  Vie,  3fr.  50. 


History  and  Biography. 


Almeras  (II.  d'),  Les  Amoureux  de  la  Reine  Marie-Antoinette 
d'apres 
5fr 


1'apres  les  Pamphlets  royalistes  et  revolutionnaires, 


Boschot(A.),  Un  Romantique  sous  Louis-Philippe:  Hector 

Berlioz,  1831-42,  4fr. 
Magne  (6.),  Madame   de  la  Suze  et  la  Socie"te  prepense, 

3fr.  50. 
Poete  (MA  L'Enfance  de  Paris,  3fr.  50. 
Werist's?  10/.     The  third  edition  of  the  German  'Who's 

Who,'  edited  by  H.  A.  L.  Degener. 

Science. 
Duefias  (E.   I.),   Aspeeto   minero   del  Departamento   del 

Cuzco.     No.  53  of  the  Boletin  del  Cuerpo  de  Ingenieros 

de  Minas  del  Pert. 
Steiner  (M.),  Die  Lehre  Darwins  in  ihrcn  letzten  Folgen, 

3m. 

Fiction. 
Bargy  (H.),  France  d'Exil,  3fr.  50. 
Bordeaux  (H.),  Les  Yeux  qui  s'ouvrent,  3fr.  50. 
Fraple(L.),  La  Figurante,  :ifr.  so. 
Hirsch  (C.  IL),  I'n  vieux  Bougie,  3fr.  60. 

General  Literature. 
Bruckner  (A.),  Russlands  gelstlge  Hut  wicklung  im  Spiegel 

seiner  schonen  Literatur,  2m.  60. 
Rouire  (Dr.),    La  Rivalite  anglo-russe  an  XIX.   Siecle  en 

A  sie,  Mr.  50. 
Tiersot  (J.),    Les   Fetes    et  les  Chants   de   la    Revolution 

francaise,  8fr.  50. 

"„*  All  Books  received  at  the  Office  rip  to  Wednesday 
Morning  trill  be  iricluded  in  thin  List  ttnlfM  previously 
n<ite<l.  Publisher*  are  requested  to  state  price*  uhen 
sending  Books. 


Wittmvxi  (Sossip* 

April  2nd  is  the  day  fixed  for  the 
publication  of  Mr.  Swinburne's  long- 
expected  poem  'The  Duke  of  Gandia.' 
The  English  edition  is  to  be  uniform  in 
size,  type,  and  general  get-up  with  Messrs. 
Chatto's  recently  published  edition  of 
Mr.  Swinburne's  collected  poems  and 
dramas.  In  America  it  will  be  made  to 
range  with  the  exquisite  form  of  that 
collected  edition  of  Messrs.  Harper  & 
Brothers  which  has  done  much  to  widen 
the  circle  of  the  poet's  readers  in  the 
United  States. 

Messrs.  Longman  &  Co.  are  about  to 
publish  a  work  dealing  with  the  "  develop- 
ment of  German  sea-power,  past,  present, 
and  prospective,"  entitled  '  The  Admiralty 
of  the  Atlantic,'  by  Mr.  Percival  A. 
Hislam,  who  contributed  a  chapter  to 
Brassey's  '  Naval  Annual '  for  1907  on 
'  The  Strategical  Features  of  the  North 
Sea.' 

In  The  Comhill  Magazine  for  March 
Mr.  Arthur  C.  Benson  writes  on  '  Optim- 
ism.' '  His  Ninetieth  Year,'  by  Mr. 
Walter  Frith,  describes  the  visit  of  the 
veteran  Mr.  Frith,  R.A.,  to  Buckingham 
Palace  for  investiture  with  the  Victorian 
Order.  Miss  Catherine  I.  Dodd,  writing  on 
'  Jena  Past  and  Present ;  or,  the  Athens 
of  the  Saale,'  tells  incidentally  of  a 
social  experiment  in  connexion  with  the 
Zeiss  glassworks.  Lady  Robert  Cecil 
writes  on  Mr.  Gosse's  '  Father  and  Son  '  ; 
and  Urbanus  Sylvan  contributes  a  "  Pro- 
vincial Letter  "  on  Burford.  Mr.  C.  R.  L. 
Fletcher  deals  with  '  A  Sterner  Froissart,' 
George  Chastellain,  and  the  strange  dis- 
covery of  his  long-lost  MS.  In  '  A  Cymric 
Confession  Book '  Mr.  J.  E.  Vincent 
analyzes  the  picture  of  the  Welsh  as  seen 
by  themselves  ;  and  '  The  Brookside  '  is 
an  angling  reminiscence  by  Mr.  T.  E. 
Kebbel. 

Under  the  direction  of  the  Bishop  of 
London  a  new  work  is  being  compiled 
by  the  Rev.  Sadler  Phillips,  entitled  '  Our 
Early  English  Colonies.'  It  will  contain 
the  Bishop's  historical  address  at  Rich- 
mond, U.S.A.,  and  a  history  of  the  Ame- 
rican and  West  Indian  Churches  from  the 
earliest  times,  founded  on  documents  in 
Fulham  Palace.  It  will  be  illustrated  by 
facsimiles  and  numerous  curious  and 
interesting  dispatches  and  letters,  and  will 
be  published  by  Mr.  Elliot  Stock. 

Mr.  John  Long  has  in  preparation  a 
volume  which  will  contain  a  number  of 
unpublished  letters  by  Edward  Fitz- 
Gerald.  The  title  of  the  book  is  '  Edward 
FitzGerald  and  "  Posh,"  Herring  Mer- 
chants,'  and  the  story  of  FitzGerald's 
friendship  with  his  favourite  boatman  is 
elucidated  by  Mr.  James  Blytli. 

Lord  Cromer's  work  on  '  Modern 
Egypt,'  in  two  volumes,  will  he  published 
by"; Messrs.  Maemillan  &■  Co.  on  Tuesday, 
March  3rd. 

4  Messrs.  Hopper  &  Stouchton's  spring 
fiction  includes  '  Pearl  of  Pearl  Island,'  by 
Mr.  John  Oxenham;  'Tables  of  Stone,1 
by  Mr.   Harold   Begbie  ;    '  The  House  of 


230 


tii  E    ath  kxt:  I'M 


No.  4191,  Feb.  22,  1008 


the  Losl  Court .'  b\  the  Marquesa  d'Alpens  : 
and  'Joseph  Bedhorn.'  I<\   .Mr.  J.  J.  Hell. 

Tin:  same  firm  are  publishing  '  My 
Father  :  an  Aberdeenshire  Minister,  1812— 
1891,'  by  Dr.  Robertson  Nicoll ;  'A 
Journey  into  the  Occult,'  by  Mr.  Beckles 
Wfllson ;  'Christian  Ideals,'  by  tbe  Rev. 
J.  G.  Simpson  ;  and  'Sociality,  Socialism, 
and  the  Church,'  by  Dr.  P.  T."  Forsyth. 

Mkssrs.  Blackwood  will  publish  next 
week  a  volume  of  'Poems'  by  the  late 
Miss  Dulcibella  Ethel  Grey. 

Dr.  Crozier  contributes  the  second 
part  of  his  '  Challenge  to  Socialism  '  to 
The  Fortnightly  of  next  month,  and  will 
be  answered  by  Mr.  Philip  Snowden,  M.P. 
It  will  deal  with  the  Socialists'  view  of 
social  evolution,  and  their  doctrine  of 
social  justice  founded  on  it. 

The  translation  of  '  The  Programme 
of  Modernism  '  lately  published  by  Mr. 
Fisher  Unwin  is  the  work  of  Father 
Tyrrell. 

'  Coleridge's  Literary  Criticism,' 
with  an  Introduction  by  Prof.  Mackail,  is 
about  to  be  added  to  "The  Oxford  Library 
of  Prose  and  Poetry."  It  is  similar  to  an 
earlier  volume  in  the  series — '  Words- 
worth's Literary  Criticism,'  which  was 
edited  by  Mr.  Nowell  Smith.  The  minor 
works  of  Tacitus,  translated  by  Mr.  W. 
Hamilton  Fyfe,  will  also  be  issued  imme- 
diately in  "  The  Oxford  Library  of 
Translations." 

For  some  time  the  Rev.  W.  H.  Frere, 
Superior  of  Mirfield,  and  Mr.  W.  M. 
Kennedy  have  been  at  work  on  the 
Ecclesiastical  Visitation  documents  of  the 
Reformation.  The  first  volume,  covering 
the  years  1536-58,  is  now  in  the  press. 
Many  of  the  documents  are  new  to  print  or 
have  not  been  published  in  any  generally 
accessible  form.  The  Introduction  will 
deal  at  length  with  theories  of  eccle- 
siastical visitations,  and  explanatory  notes 
are  added. 

The  editors  would  be  grateful  if  the 
clergy  or  churchwardens  would  inform 
them  (1)  of  any  episcopal  articles  or 
injunctions  extant  in  their  parish  records 
or  libraries,  (2)  of  any  recorded  visita- 
tions during  the  period  mentioned.  They 
are  anxious  that  the  volume  should 
be  as  complete  as  possible.  Any 
similar  information  dealing  with  Eliza- 
beth's reign  would  be  welcome,  in  order 
that  a  similar  completeness  may  charac- 
terize the  second  volume,  now  in  hand, 
dealing  with  the  years  1559-1603.  Com- 
munications should  be  addressed  to  the 
House  of  the  Resurrection,  Mirfield, 
Yorkshire. 

The  Early  English  Text  Society 
has  just  sent  to  its  members  two  of  its 
texts  in  arrear  in  its  Extra  Series  of 
re-editions  :  the  '  Romance  of  Emare,' 
edited  by  Miss  Edith  Rickert,  Ph.D.,  of 
Chicago  University,  and  the  Middle-English 
'  Harrowing  of  Hell '  and  '  Gospel  of  Nico- 
demus,'  each  from  all  the  MSS.  of  it  in 
parallel  columns,  edited,  with  a  full 
Introduction,  by  Prof.  W.  H.  Hulme  of 
the  Western  Reserve  University,  U.S.A. 
Of   the  other  texts  in  arrear,  Dr.  R.  L. 


Ramsay's  edition  of  Skelton>  Magnifi- 
cence,' with  a  loiitf  and  important  Intro- 
duction, is  printed,  and  Dr.  R.  DyboskPs 

edition  of  the  carols  and  BOOgB  of  Bichard 
Hill's  MS.  at  Balliol  is  all  in  type. 

For  the  texts  of  1908  the  Society  has 
in  type  twice  as  many  books  as  it  has 
money  to  pay  for :  Part  II.  of  Miss 
Dormer  Harris's  edition  of  the  '  Coventry 
Lect  Book  ';  Part  II.  of  Dr.  Brie's 
edition  of  the  '  Brut  or  Chronicle  of 
England  '  ;  Mr.  J.  J.  Monro's  edition  of 
the  unique  MS.  of  Capgrave's  '  Lives  of 
St.  Augustine  and  St.  Gilbert  of  Sempring- 
ham,'  a.d.  1451  ;  the  '  Wars  or  Life  of 
Alexander  the  Great,'  from  Robert  Thorn- 
ton's unique  MSS.  in  Lincoln  Cathedral, 
edited  by  Mr.  J.  S.  Westlake  and  Mr, 
L.  A.  Magnus :  these  are  for  the  Original 
Series.  For  the  Extra  Series  are  at  press 
Part  II.  of  Dr.  H.  Bergen's  edition  of 
Lydgate's  '  Troy- Book  ' ;  Part  II.  of 
Dr.  Kock's  edition  of  Lovelich's  '  Merlin ' ; 
Mr.  Mayhew's  edition  of  the  '  Promp- 
torium  Parvulorum '  ;  and  Dr.  H.  N. 
MacCracken's  edition  of  Lydgate's  minor 
poems,  with  his  fixing  of  the  Lydgate 
canon. 

The  Chaucer  Society  has  just  issued 
in  its  Second  Series — that  for  essays  on 
Chaucer  and  illustrations  of  his  works — 
'The  Evolution  of  "The  Canterbury 
Tales,"  '  by  Prof.  Skeat,  and  '  Studies  in 
Chaucer's  "  Hous  of  Fame,"  '  by  Prof. 
W.  D.  Sypherd  of  Delaware  College, 
U.S.A.  Dr.  Karl  Young's  essay  showing 
that  Chaucer  in  his  '  Troilus,'  as  well  as 
Boccaccio  in  his  '  Filostrato,'  used  his 
(Boccaccio's)  earlier  prose  '  Filocolo,'  is 
ready.  Miss  Spurgeon's  collection  of 
'  Five  Hundred  Years  of  Allusions  to 
and  Criticisms  on  Chaucer,  from  1360  to 
1900,'  is  still  kept  back  for  fresh  additions. 

M.  Andre  Chevrillon  has  in  the 
Revue  de  Paris  published  on  the  15th 
inst.  a  brilliant  article  on  '  Le  Cas  de 
Rudyard  Kipling.'  The  general  English 
vote  would,  he  thinks,  have  placed  George 
Meredith  far  above  the  winner  of  the 
recent  Nobel  Prize.  Mr.  Kipling  repre- 
sents a  spirit  of  Imperial  rule  which 
views  unfamiliar  types  with  impatience, 
and  does  not  encourage  independent 
thought.  Mr.  Kipling's  heyday  is  gone, 
we  are  told,  and  the  new  spirit  has  un- 
compromising ideals  of  thought  and  pro- 
gress— at  once  French  and  Meredithian. 
There  is  something  in  the  contention, 
but  the  writer  is  hardly  sound  in  detail. 
Mr.  Kipling  is,  for  example,  not  really 
representative  of  the  spirit  of  Eton,  or  of 
sport  as  understood  in  the  "  public 
schools" — considerably  more  than  "four 
or  five "  in  number. 

Last  Friday  week  a  meeting  was  held  in 
the  Chapter  House  at  Lincoln  to  promote 
a  memorial  to  the  late  Canon  Overton. 
It  was  decided  to  commemorate  his 
services  to  literature  and  the  Church  by 
the  addition  of  an  eighteenth-century 
window  to  the  historic  set  in  the 
Chapter  House.  It  was  mentioned  that 
Canon  Overton,  when  he  had  a  small 
country  parish,  "  spent  six  hours  a  day  for 


ateen  yean  in  studying  the  eighteenth 

century." 

A  m<>\<;     the     members     co-opted     for 
the    General  Committee   of  the  English 

Association  are  Mr.  William  Archer, 
Canon  Beeching,  Dr.  Cow  (head  master 
of  Westminster  Sehool),  Prof.  J.  W. 
Mackail,  Miss  Edith  Siehel,  -Mr.  J.  A. 
Spender,  editor  of  the  Westminster  Gazette, 
and  Mr.  St.  Loe  Strachey,  editor  of  The 
Spectator. 

The  death  is  announced  at  Melbourne  of 
Mr.  David  Syme,  proprietor  of  the 
Melbourne  Age,  and  author  of  various 
works  on  social  and  economic  subject-, 
including  '  Outlines  of  an  Industrial 
Science  '  ;  '  Representative  Government 
in  England '  ;  a  criticism  of  the  Dar- 
winian theory,  '  On  the  Modification  of 
Organisms  '  ;  and  '  The  Soul  :  a  Study 
and  an  Argument.'  Mr.  Syme  was  the 
son  of  a  teacher  at  North  Berwick,  where 
he  was  born  in  1827.  He  was  trained  for 
the  Church,  but  abandoned  an  ecclesi- 
astical career  in  favour  of  the  press. 
Mainly  for  reasons  of  health,  he  went  to 
California,  engaged  in  gold  mining,  and 
afterwards  migrated  to  Victoria.  He 
joined  his  brother  Ebenezer  (who  died  in 
1859)  in  the  purchase  of  the  Age,  and 
worked  it  up  to  a  wide  circulation. 

On  March  4th,  at  the  Kensington  Town 
Hall,  M.  Paul  Sabatier  will  deliver  an 
address  '  Sur  l'Originalite  de  St.  Francois.' 
M.  Sabatier  associates  the  saint  with 
modern  democracy,  and  it  will  be  inter- 
esting to  see  whether  the  originality  he 
claims  for  him  is  in  the  domain  of  religion 
or  economics.  The  lecture  will  be  in 
French,  and  the  Rev.  R.  J.  Campbell  will 
be  in  the  chair.  Tickets  may  be  had  of 
Mrs.  Cobden-Sanderson,  River  House, 
Hammersmith. 

The  annual  meeting  of  the  Booksellers' 
Provident  Institution  will  be  held  at 
Stationers'  Hall  on  Thursday,  March  12th, 
at  seven  o'clock.  Non-members  are  in- 
vited. Lord  Alverstone  will  preside  at 
the  soiree  afterwards,  and  deliver  an 
address. 

The  Report  presented  at  the  sixty-ninth 
annual  meeting  of  the  Newsvendors' 
Institution  last  Wednesday,  when  Lord 
Glenesk  presided,  shows  healthy  progress. 
The  funds  have  increased  5  per  cent., 
and  now  exceed  29,600/.  ;  and  a  larger 
number  of  benefit  members  are  becoming 
subscribers.  The  present  annuitants  in- 
clude 15  men  and  25  women,  6  of  these 
being  on  the  Victoria  Pension  Fund.  In 
addition,  there  have  been  117  grants  for 
temporary  assistance.  As  there  will  be 
in  the  future  an  increase  in  the  number 
of  eligible  candidates  for  pensions,  it  is 
important  that  the  annual  income  should 
be  generously  supplemented  by  contri- 
butions. Mr.  Charles  Awdry  will  preside 
at  the  next  festival. 

Recent  Parliamentary  Papers  of  in- 
terest are  Calendar  of  the  Manuscripts 
of  the  Marquis  of  Bath  preserved  at 
Longleat,  Vol.  III.  (25.  5a7.)  ;  and  Reports 
from  those  Universities  and  University 
Colleges  in  Great  Britain  winch  participate 
in  the  Parliamentary  Grant,  1907  (Is.  Id.). 


No.  4191,  Feb.  22,  1908 


THE    ATHENAEUM 


231 


SCIENCE 

— • — 

OUR    LIBRARY    TABLE. 

The  Conquest  of  Cancer.  By  C.  W. 
Saleeby.  (Chapman  &  Hall.) — This  book  is 
an  exposition  of  Dr.  Beard's  theory  of  cancer, 
and  of  the  reasons  which  have  led  him 
to  the  supposition  that  the  disease  may  be 
treated  successfully  by  using  trypsin,  one 
of  the  ferments  found  in  the  pancreas. 
Dr.  Saleeby  rather  fails  to  enlist  the  sym- 
pathy of  his  readers,  for  he  writes  angrily 
and  lays  aside  the  impartiality  which  can 
alone  lead  to  a  calm  consideration  of  such 
difficult  problems  as  are  involved  in  the 
pathology  and  treatment  of  cancer.  If 
he  had  paused  to  consider  what  he  was 
writing,  it  is  probable  that  many  of  his 
judgments  would  have  been  reconsidered 
and  perhaps  softened ;  but  he  has  been 
in  such  haste  that  he  says  :  "  The  addition 
of  an  index  would  have  delayed  publication 
for  a  fortnight.  I  apologize  for  its  absence. 
One  is  being  prepared,  and  will  be  added  as 
soon  as  possible  "  ;  but  he  omits  to  state 
how  it  is  to  be  obtained.  Books  of  which 
'  The  Conquest  of  Cancer  '  is  a  type  are 
harmful  because  they  lead  patients  to  lose 
valuable  time  in  trying  remedies  which  can 
only  be  described  as  having  unproven 
results.  Cancer,  so  far  as  is  known  at  present, 
begins  as  a  local  condition,  and  its  total 
removal  may  not  be  followed  by  recurrence. 
Every  method  of  temporizing  with  the  disease 
which  has  been  tried  hitherto  has  allowed 
the  cancer  to  effect  a  firmer  lodgment,  and 
has  made  it  the  more  difficult  to  eradicate 
afterwards.  It  is  not  surprising,  therefore, 
if  those  who  are  in  charge  of  patients  in  the 
large  hospitals  are  very  sceptical  of  the  claims 
of  a  new  remedy.  It  is  tried  willingly  ;  and 
when  it  fails,  as  all  have  failed  hitherto,  to 
fulfil  expectations,  recourse  is  had  again 
to  surgical  treatment.  It  is  not  a  fact  that 
there  is  a  conspiracy  of  silence  in  regard  to 
any  discovery  of  importance  in  medicine 
or  surgery,  though  it  is  true  that  those  who 
are  responsible  for  the  medical  press  of  this 
country  are  unwilling  to  inspire  false  hopes 
by  the  publication  of  immature  results 
based  upon  insufficient  evidence.  In  due 
time,  when  the  conquest  of  cancer  is  com- 
pleted, Dr.  Saleeby's  book  will  be  interesting 
as  a  record  of  some  of  the  methods  adopted 
in  the  course  of  the  campaign. 

Coal,  by  James  Tonge  (Constable  &  Co.), 
which  forms  one  of  "  The  Westminster 
Series,"  gives  within  moderate  compass 
a  readable  account  of  the  nature  and  mode 
of  occurrence  of  coal,  discusses  its  probable 
origin,  traces  the  distribution  of  the  principal 
coalfields  of  the  world,  explains  the  classifica- 
tion and  valuation  of  fossil  fuels,  and  chides 
us  for  our  wasteful  ways  in  mining  and  con- 
suming coal.  No  attempt  is  made  to  deal 
with  the  methods  of  extracting  coal  and 
raising  it  to  the  surface — perhaps  a  judicious 
exclusion,  for  the  subject  is  large  and  the 
volume  small.  Space  is  nevertheless  found 
for  a  description  of  the  mechanical  treat- 
ment of  coal  for  the  market,  including 
the  processes  not  only  of  screening  and 
washing,  but  also  of  coking.  Scientific 
readers  will  probably  think  that  the  most 
satisfactory  chapters  in  the  book  are  those 
relating  to  the  fossils  of  the  coal-measures, 
especially  the  plants.  Recent  researches 
havo  shown  that  a  large  number  of  fossils 
hitherto  regarded  undoubtedly  as  ferns 
are  not  true  ferns,  but  belong  to  an  extinct 
group  of  plants,  which,  notwithstanding 
their  fernliko  habit,  were  really  seed- 
bearers,  and  are  therefore  known  as  Pterido- 
sperms.    If  Mr.  Tonge's  volume  should  roach 


another    edition,    the    numerous    misprints 
should  be  corrected. 

Plagues  and  Pleasures  of  Life  in  Bengal. 
By  Lieut. -Col.  D.  D.  Cunningham.  (John 
Murray.) — The  plagues  and  pleasures  of  1 
which  Col.  Cunningham  writes  so  pleasantly 
in  this  volume  are  chiefly  those  of  a 
gardener  in  Calcutta,  the  hurricanes,  I 
cockroaches,  and  other  accidents  peculiar 
to  the  tropics.  Suave  mari  magno,  and  in 
this  comfortable  England  of  ours  it  is 
not  unpleasant  to  be  reminded  of  the  I 
myriad  pests  of  flies  and  fleas  and  wasps 
and  hornets — of  what,  in  fact,  our  "  bearer  " 
used  to  describe  as  "  evil  things  that  flew  " — 
of  earthworms,  spiders,  leeches,  and  snails, 
of  the  maddening  din  of  crickets  and  "  brain- 
fever  "  birds,  which  make  life  in  the  "  gor- 
geous East  "  not  wholly  delicious.  Col. 
Cunningham  writes  with  feeling,  and,  we 
can  vouch  for  it,  without  any  exaggeration, 
of  the  plagues  of  the  penetrating  pipsas, 
of  beetles  that  destroy  one's  books,  of 
shrill,  multitudinous  mosquitoes,  and  the 
subtle  sapping  of  white  ants.  But  the 
annoyance  of  the  invaded  bungalow  and 
the  trials  of  the  hot  weather  and  the  rains 
were  mitigated  for  him  by  a  happy  love 
of  observing  the  ways  of  insects,  the  changes 
of  the  seasons,  and  the  methods  of  Nature. 
Felix  qui  potuit. 

We  cannot  follow  the  author  through  his 
enthusiastic  descriptions  of  the  varied 
attractions  of  an  Indian  garden,  of  the 
glories  of  which  some  excellent  photographs 
—taken  chiefly,  we  should  imagine,  in  the 
Botanical  Gardens  at  Calcutta — give  some 
faint  idea.  We  must  content  ourselves 
with  calling  attention  to  the  chapter  and 
appendix  in  which,  becoming  more  technical, 
he  discusses  the  elaborate  correlation  be- 
tween figs,  like  Ficus  roxburghii,  and  the 
stinging  insects  that  infest  them.  The 
part  played  by  these  insects  in  the  propaga- 
tion of  the  fig  is  carefully  analyzed  by  Col. 
Cunningham,  and  the  theory  which  he 
advances,  whilst  it  cannot  claim  to  be  final 
or  conclusively  proved,  may  be  an  impor- 
tant step  in  the  elucidation  of  the  problem. 

Col.  Cunningham  observes  that  we  are 
not  ready  enough  to  credit  other  animals 
with  a  sense  of  propriety.  It  is  true,  of 
course,  that  animals  vary  in  the  decency 
of  their  behaviour — a  cat,  for  instance, 
behaves  with  far  greater  propriety  than 
a  cow  or  a  dog.  But  other  causes,  such 
as  the  instinct  of  self-preservation,  rather 
than  a  sense  of  modesty,  are  probably  the 
origin  of  such  propriety,  and  we  hardly 
think  that  the  example  of  a  sense  of  decency 
exhibited  by  a  peahen  which  is  given  by 
the  author  on  p.  118  can  with  much  likeli- 
hood be  attributed  to  that  motive,  or  that 
of  the  butterfly  in  which  he  recognizes 
an  ephemerous  Mrs.  Grundy.  Altogether 
this  is  an  agreeable  volume,  which  will  be 
read  with  pleasure  by  the  Anglo-Indian 
and  the  tourist,  and  not  without  profit 
by  the  botanist  and  man  of  science. 

The  Bee  People.  (Methuen.) — Wo  gather 
from  an  imprint  in  this  book  that  it  is 
"  founded  on  a  larger  work  by  Margaret 
Warner  Morley  of  America."  We  have  not 
seen  the  more  important  book,  but  we 
think  the  publication  of  this  epitome  an 
excellent  idea.  It  purports  to  relate  the 
bee's  history  from  the  point  of  view  of  a 
bee  ;  and  we  aro  glad  to  note  that  the  point 
of  view  is  scientific,  whilo  it  is  deliberately 
plain  and  simple  and  easily  understood. 
Moreover,  the  illustrations,  which  appear 
to  be  English  in  origin,  are  admirably  clear. 
The  result  is  that  this  opusculum  is  calcu- 
lated to  give  adequate  instruction  in  boo 
life  to  any  reader,  whether  old  or  young  ; 
and  for  such  a  purposo  it  is  cordially  to  bo 
commended. 


The  Essentials  of  Cytology.  By  Charles 
Edward  Walker.  With  Preface  by  Prof. 
C.  S.  Sherrington.  (Constable  &  Co.) — 
During  the  last  decade  our  knowledge  of 
cellular  structure  and  phenomena  has  been 
greatly  advanced,  and  this  progress  has 
been  due  to  a  large  extent  to  improved 
methods  of  technique  and  the  perfection 
of  the  microscope.  In  view  of  the  important 
bearing  which  the  study  of  cytology  has 
on  problems  of  heredity,  sex,  and  disease 
about  which  we  know  very  little  as 
yet,  a  general  accoimt  of  the  present 
state  of  our  knowledge  in  this  branch  of 
science,  such  as  is  given  by  the  author, 
is  extremely  welcome.  We  should  expect 
from  one  who  has  made  cytology  his  special 
study,  and  who  is  intimately  acquainted 
with  the  work  of  those  to  whom  the  credit 
for  increasing  to  no  small  extent  our  know- 
ledge of  cytological  phenomena  is  due,  a 
clear  and  concise  exposition  of  the  outlines 
of  this  study,  and  our  expectations  have 
been  fully  realized.  The  author  is  to  be 
congratulated  on  the  manner  in  which  he 
has  condensed,  and  presented  in  a  form 
which  is  intelligible  not  only  to  the  student, 
but  also  to  the  general  reader,  the  large 
amount  of  work  which  has  been  accom- 
plished in  this  specialized  branch  of  biology, 
the  magnitude  of  which  is  only  fully  appre- 
ciated by  those  who  have  studied  it  with 
care. 

The  first  three  chapters  deal  with  the  pro- 
perties of  living  matter,  and  the  properties, 
structure,  and  division  of  cells.  The  fourth 
chapter  describes  the  mitotic  divisions  of  the 
development  of  the  sexual  cells.  These 
divisions,  formerly  known  as  "  reduction  " 
divisions,  are  now  included  under  the  term 
"  meiotic  phase,"  proposed  by  Farmer  and 
Moore.  This  chapter  is  one  of  the  most 
important  and  interesting  in  the  book, 
setting  forth  as  it  does  in  a  clear  manner 
our  present  knowledge  of  those  still  com- 
plicated and  little  -  understood  changes 
which  take  place  in  the  sex  cells  previous 
to  their  conjugation. 

In  chaps,  ix.  and  x.  the  author  discusses 
the  theoretical  questions  of  the  probable 
individuality  of  the  chromosomes,  and  the 
morphological  aspect  of  the  transmis- 
sion of  hereditary  characters.  He  is 
of  the  opinion  that  in  the  majority  of 
organisms  the  chromosomes  probably  retain 
their  individuality  from  generation  to  genera- 
tion, and  brings  forward  many  arguments 
in  favour  of  this  hypothesis.  Although 
his  view  is  held  by  a  number  of  cytologists, 
we  think  that  in  a  book  of  this  nature  he 
ought  to  have  considered  at  greater  length 
the  facts  which  militate  against  it,  so  that 
his  readers  might  be  in  a  better  position 
to  form  their  own  opinions.  The  researches 
of  Gruber,  Henking,  and  Hickson  prove 
that  the  nucleus  in  many  cases  parts 
into  fragments,  and  much  chromatin 
is  lost  in  the  cytoplasm,  and  other  more 
recent  work  shows  that  there  may  be  a 
change  of  achromatic  into  cliromatic 
material.  In  the  chapter  on  the  trans- 
mission of  hereditary  characters  too  much 
stress  appears  to  bo  laid  on  the  chromo- 
somes, and  the  part  played  by  the  cytoplasm 
is  too  slightly  regarded.  If  the  chromosomes 
are  concerned  in  tho  tiansmission  of 
hereditary  characters  (and  it  is  far  from 
proved  that  BUOh  is  the  case),  it  is  probable 
that  it  is  by  their  influence  on  tin-  cyto- 
plasm that  tho  transmission  is  effected. 
and  not  because  they   carry   the  hereditary 

characters.  The  final  chapter  describe!  the 
methods  of  oytologioal  technique,  and  will 
be  of  great  value  to  those  taking  op  tho 
study  of  cytology. 

Tho  illustrations  are  good,  especially 
tho    scries    of    stereoscopic    photographs    of 


T  II  E    A  Til  EN  A:  U  M 


No,  L191,  Feb.  22,  1908 


mitotic  division,  which  no  doubt  will  enable 
the  roador  to  grasp  more  readily  the  fchree- 
dimensionaJ  nature  <>f  mitotic  figures.     The 

VtJae  ol    tli'-    book,    which    will    serve   M   an 

,  \,-,  li, -iit  introduction  to  the  more  com- 
prehensive works  ol  Bertwig  and  Wilson, 
would  have  been  greatly  increased  had  the 
author   included   a   short    bibliography,   or 

had  he  given  fuller  references  iii  the  foot- 
notes, instead  of  merely  quoting  the  names 
of  the  authors  to  whom  he  refers,  with  the 
addition  in  some  eases  of  the  year.  Such 
references  would  have  been  of  roal  use 
to  those  readers  wishing  to  consult  the 
original  works  which  the  author  quotes. 


SOCIETIES. 


Geological. — Feb.  5. — Sir  Archibald  Oeikie, 
President,  in  the  chair. — Messrs.  J.  F.  N.  Green, 
H.  S.  Harger,  G.  H.  C.  Wright,  and  W.  Wright 
were  elected  Fellows. — The  following  communica- 
tions were  read  :  '  On  Antigorite  and  the  Val 
Antigorio,  with  Notes  on  other  Serpentines  con- 
taining that  Mineral,'  by  Prof.  T.  G.  Bonney, — 
and  'The  St.  David's  Head  "  Rock-Series  "  (Pem- 
brokeshire),' by  Mr.  J.  Vincent  Elsden. 


Entomological. — Feb.  5. — Mr.  C.  0.  Waterhouse, 
President,  in  the  chair. — The  President  announced 
that  he  had  nominated  Dr.  T.  A.  Chapman,  Prof. 
II.  Meldola,  and  Mr.  H.  Rowland-Brown,  as  Vice- 
Presidents  for  the  session  1908-9  ;  and  that  the 
Council  had  elected  Mr.  J.  W.  Tutt  to  serve  as  a 
member  of  the  Council  in  the  place  of  the  late  Mr. 
A.  J.  Chitty. — Mr.  C.  Gordon  Hewitt  was  elected 
a  Fellow. — Dr.  T.  A.  Chapman  exhibited  a  collec- 
tion of  butterflies  made  last  summer  at  Gavarnie 
in  the  Pyrenees,  including  a  number  of  specimens 
of  Erebia  leftbvrei,  with  E.  melas  from  South-East 
Hungary  for  comparison. — Mr.  H.  St.  John  Donis- 
thorpe  showed  eleven  species  of  ants  taken  in  the 
hothouses  in  Kew  Gardens  in  December,  1907,  and 
January,  1908,  eight  being  new  to  the  published 
Kew  list,  and  six  species  not  before  recorded  as 
introduced  in  Britain. — Mr.  J.  E.  Collin  brought 
for  exhibition  microscopically  mounted  specimens 
of  Epidapus  scobiei,  Hopk.,  a  potato  pest  in  the 
United  States,  recently  discovered  in  England 
attacking  narcissus  bulbs  by  Mr.  H.  J.  Charbonnier 
of  Bristol.— Commander  J.  J.  Walker  showed,  on 
behalf  of  Mr.  A.  H.  Hamm,  very  young  larvte  of 
Bitaris  muralis,  hatched  at  the  end  of  October  and 
the  beginning  of  November.  He  also  exhibited 
two  specimens  of  the  rare  Pyralis  lienigialia,  Zell, 
which  were  taken  in  his  house  at  Summertown, 
August,  1906,  and  1907.— Mr.  Rowland  E.  Turner 
brought  for  exhibition  a  box  of  Thynnidrc  from 
South  America,  mostly  from  Chile,  several  of  the 
species  having  been  captured  in  copula.  Several 
new  species  were  shown  from  Mendoza  and  the 
Peruvian  Andes. — Prof.  T.  Hudson  Beare  ex- 
hibited a  specimen  of  Trachyjihbi'u*  scabriculus  with 
the  two  deciduous  manibles  still  in  place,  from 
St.  Margarets  Bay. — Lieut. -Col.  Manders  ex- 
hibited the  female  of  Papilio  phorbanla  from 
Bourbon,  an  aberrant  member  of  the  Nireus  group 
of  Papilios,  and  compared  it  with  the  other 
members  of  the  same  group  from  the  African 
mainland,  Madagascar,  and  Mauritius.  —  Dr. 
K.  Jordan,  exhibited,  on  behalf  of  the  Hon.  Walter 
Rothschild,  some  interesting  Papilionids,  including 
Troidea  alexandnv,  Rothsch.,  remarkable  for  the 
beauty  of  the  male  and  the  great  size  of  the 
female,  discovered  by  A.  S.  Meek  in  the  north- 
eastern portion  of  British  New  Guinea  ;  and  a 
gynandromorphic  specimen  of  Troides,  the  only 
one  known  of  this  genus,  obtained  by  Dr.  L. 
Martin  in  South  Celebes. — Mr.  R.  Adkin  exhibited 
bred  specimens  of  Tortrix  pronubana,  Hb.  His 
observations  led  him  to  conclude  that  it  would  bo 
found  in  this  country,  as  had  been  shown  to  bo  the 
case  in  Guernsey,  to  be  virtually  continuously 
brooded  throughout  the  summer  months,  the  chief 
emergences  taking  place  in  June  and  October,  but 
with  stragglers  appearing  probably  in  every  month 
from  April  to  November. — Mr.  L.  W.  Nowman 
showed  a  long  series  of  Melitaa  aurinia  and 
Notodonta  chaonia  from  various  localities  to  illus- 
trate the  wide  range  of  variation  of  the  respective 


;  Dr.  I'.  A.  Dixey  exhibited  ipeoineni  of 
cfychitona  medusa,  Cram,  and  J'eewioporuia 
paradoxa,  Fold.,  observing  that  a  former  sugges- 
tion of  bis  m  to  a  mimetic  relation  between  wen 
had  been  ooofirmed  by  a  letter  lately  received 
In  m  Mr.  S.  A.  Neave,  at  present  in  the  I 
State,  who  wrote  that  the  two  forms  "inhabit 
exactly  the  same  localities,  and  are  l>arely  dis- 
tinguishable from  each  other  on  the  wing." — Mr. 
Rowland  Turner  communicated  a  paper  '  On  Two 
Diplopterous  Hymenoptera  from  Queensland,1  and 
'  Notes  on  Thynnidn,  with  Remarks  on  some 
Aberrant  Genera  of  the  Scotiidie.' — Mr.  Guy  A.  K. 
Marshall  read  a  paper  'On  Diaposematism,  with 
Reference  to  some  Limitations  of  the  Miillerian 
Hypothesis  of  Mimicry,'  pointing  out  the  diffi- 
culty of  accepting  the  idea  of  a  mutual 
simultaneous  mimicry  between  two  unpalatable 
species,  such  as  is  postulated  by  the  hypothesis  of 
diaposematism. 


Zoological. — Feb.  4. — The  Duke  of  Bedford, 
President,  in  the  chair. — Mr.  F.  Martin  Duncan 
gave  a  lantern  exhibition  of  the  Lumiere  auto- 
chrome  natural-colour  process  as  applied  to 
zoological  subjects.  —  Mr.  Oldfield  Thomas  read  a 
paper  (the  seventh  of  the  series)  on  mammals  from 
the  islands  of  Tsu-shima,  between  Korea  and  Japan, 
collected  by  Mr.  Malcolm  P.  Anderson  in  carrying 
out  the  Duke  of  Bedford's  exploration  of  Eastern 
Asia. — Mr.  T.  Goodey  read  a  paper  'On  the 
Presence  of  Gonadial  Grooves  in  Aurelia  aurita.' — 
Mr.  C.  Tate  Regan  read  a  paper  entitled  '  The 
Duke  of  Bedford's  Zoological  Exploration  of 
Eastern  Asia :  VIII.  A  Collection  of  Fresh- 
water Fishes  from  Corea.'  The  collection  included 
examples  of  eleven  species,  seven  of  which  were 
described  as  new  to  science. 


Institution  of  Civil  Engineers. — Feb.  11. — 
Sir  William  Matthews,  President,  in  the  chair. — 
The  papers  read  were  '  The  Erection  of  the  Pwll-y- 
Pant  Viaduct  on  the  Brecon  and  Merthyr  Exten- 
sion of  the  Barry  Railway,'  by  Mr.  A.  L.  Dickie, 
M.Inst.C.E.  ;  and  'Notes  on  the  Erection  of 
Cantilever  Bridges,'  by  Prof.  T.  Claxton  Fidler. 


Anthropological  Institute. — Feb.  11. — Prof. 
W.  Ridgeway,  President,  in  the  chair. — The 
election  of  Dr.  R.  B.  Dixon  and  Mr.  S.  P.  V. 
Jervoise  as  Fellows  was  announced. — Dr.  A.  C. 
Haddon  read  '  An  Additional  Note  on  New  Guinea 
Games,'  illustrated  by  numerous  lantern-slides. 
The  games  were  of  various  descriptions,  and 
included  a  series  of  string  figures. — Mr.  J.  Gray 
exhibited  a  new  instrument  for  determining  the 
colour  of  the  hair,  eyes,  and  skin.  The  instru- 
ment was  a  simplified  form  of  Lovibond's  tinto- 
meter, by  means  of  which  hair,  eye,  and  skin- 
colours  could  be  classified  by  comparison  with  a 
series  of  standard  coloured  glasses.  These  standard 
glasses  can  be  reproduced  an  indefinite  number  of 
times  with  the  greatest  precision  by  Lovibond's 
method,  so  that  any  number  of  observers  can  be 
provided  with  identical  colour-scales.  A  series  of 
locks  of  hair,  arranged  by  the  naked  eye,  from 
blond  to  jet  black,  was  exhibited,  and  curves  of 
the  colour-elements  of  this  series,  as  obtained  by 
Lovibond's  tintometer,  were  shown  on  the  screen. 
The  curves  proved  that  the  locks  contained  two 
coloured  pigments,  namely,  orange  and  yellow,  and 
a  black  pigment.  The  black  pigment  increased 
uniformly  in  amount  from  blond  to  black,  and 
evidently  formed  the  basis  of  the  arrangement  of 
the  series  by  the  naked  eye,  because  the  amount  of 
orange  and  yellow  pigment  was  virtually  constant 
throughout  the  whole  series.  A  second  series  of 
locks  of  red  hair  was  exhibited,  arranged  by  the 
naked  eye  from  light  to  dark  red  or  auburn. 
Analysis"  showed  that  the  orange  pigment  was 
predominant,  and  formed  the  basis  of  the  classifica- 
tion. A  diagram,  exhibited  to  show  the  corre- 
lation between  orange  and  black  in  the  two  series 
of  locks,  pointed  to  the  conclusion  that  red  hair 
was  derived  from  dark  hair  by  the  conversion  of 
more  or  less  of  the  black  pigment  into  an  equal 
amount  of  orange  pigment,  while  fair  hair  was 
derived  from  dark  hair  by  a  reduction  of  both  the 
black  and  the  orange  pigments. 


-      iktv  oi    l'.n.iii  w.  Ai.mi  voi  •  •  ■, .     Feb.  12. — 
Mr.  K.  .).  Pilohei  read  ■  papei  entitled  'A  Coin  <<i 

.   and    a    Vision  of   K/.<-ki<l.'     The  author  said 
that  tli'-  prophetie  imagery  of  the   Old  Testament 

■  'its  man]  that  sn  man  or  ]<•>•*  repro- 

duced  in  the  scanty  remains  of  Phonieian  art. 

This  is  not  surprising,  for  the  artistic  idea-  of  the 
.lews  were  the  same  as  those  of  their  neighbours,  as 
shown    by  the    fact    that    Tynan   workup  n   • 
'ailed   in  to  build  and  decorate  Solon  rple 

We  are  therefore  quite  justified  in  turning  to  the 
Old  Testament  for  the  interpretation  or  explana- 
tion of  Phoenician  monuments.  Perhaps  one  of  the 
nw*st  remarkable  of  these  is  a  small  coin  struck  at 
(Jaza  in  the  fourth  century  B.e. ,  which  has  been  in 
the  British  Museum  collecti*  n  for  over  a  century. 
On  the  reverso  of  this  coin  are  three  Phoenician 
characters  reading  "Yahu,"  and  it  has  hitherto 
been  argued  that  this  could  not  have  been  intended 
for  the  Hebrew  Jehovah,  because  Jehovah  is  always 
written  as  a  tetragrammaton  with  four  letters. 
But  the  Aramaic  papyri  which  have  been  brought 
to  light  at  Elephantine  during  the  last  three  or 
four  years  conclusively  prove  that  in  the  fourth 
century  B.C.,  at  any  rate,  this  divine  name  was 
customarily  written  with  three  letters,  exactly  as 
it  appears  upon  the  Phoenician  coin  in  question . 
Thus  there  can  be  little  doubt  as  to  the  meaning  of 
the  word.  Underneath  the  word  "Yahu"  is  a 
figure  of  Jupiter,  not  seated  upon  a  throne,  as  is 
usually  the  case,  but  seated  upon  a  winged  wheel. 
This  remarkable  combination  of  wing  and  wheel, 
which  is  otherwise  unique  in  numismatics,  strongly 
recalls  the  salient  features  of  the  vision  of 
Ezekiel,  with  its  description  of  a  celestial  chariot 
comprising  wheels  and  wings.  There  are  one  or 
two  other  Syrian  coins  which  bear  representations 
of  wheeled  shrines  that  correspond  more  or  less 
with  the  prophetic  descriptions :  but  this  Yahu 
piece,  with  its  figure  of  Jupiter  borne  up  by  a 
winged  wheel,  is  as  striking  an  illustration  of  the 
vision  of  Ezekiel  as  one  could  expect  to  find  upon 
the  limited  field  of  a  coin. 


Mathematical. — Feb.  13. — Prof.  W.  Burnside, 
President,  in  the  chair. — Mr.  W.  E.  Dalby  was 
admitted  into  the  society. — The  following  papers 
were  communicated :  '  A  Proof  that  every  Alge- 
braic Equation  has  a  Root,'  by  Dr.  H.  A.  de  S. 
Pittard, — '  Note  on  ^-Differences,'  by  Mr.  F.  H. 
Jackson, — 'An  Extension  of  Eisenstein's  Law  of 
Reciprocity  (Second  Paper),'  by  Mr.  A.  E. 
Western, — '  On  the  Uniform  Approach  of  a  Con- 
tinuous Function  to  its  Limit,'  by  Dr.  W.  H. 
Young, — and  '  Conformal  Representation  and 
the  Transformation  of  Laplace's  Equation,'  by 
Mr.  E.  Cunningham. 


meetings  next  week. 


Mox.     Royal  Academy,  4.—' The  Grand  Manner:  Rome.'  Prof.  R.  T. 
Blomfield. 

—  Institute  of  Actuaries,  s.— "A   Review  of  the  Investment*  of 

Offices  in  Recent  Years,  with  Notes  on  8tock  Exchange 
Fluctuations  and  the  Future  Rate  of  Interest.'  Mr.  P.  L. 
Newman. 

—  Society  of    Arts,  8.— 'The    Theory    and    Practice   of    Clock- 

Making,'  Lecture  VI.,  Mr.  II.  H.  Cunynghame.  (Cantor 
Lecture.) 

—  Surveyors'  Institution.  S.— 'The  Small  Holdings  and  Allot- 

ments Act.  IM,'  Mr.  W.  0.  8.  Kolleston. 

—  Geographical.  &J0l— 'Travels  in  the  Old  Kingdom  of  Congo,' 

Kev.  T.  Lewis. 
Tints.    Roval  Institution,  8.— '  Membranes :     their  Structure,  Uses, 
and  Products,'  Lecture  III..  Prof.  W.  Stirling. 

—  Colonial  Institute.  .1.— Annual  Meeting. 

—  Society  .  f  Art*.   4  ;;0— '  Irrigation  in    Egypt    under    British 

Direction.'  Sir  Banbury  Brown.    IColonTu  Section.' 

—  Faraday  Society.   8.— *  Hydrolysis  as  illustrated  by  Heats  of 

Neutralisation,  nr.  V.  ll.  Yeley  ;  'A  Study  of  the  Sulphur 
Anion  and  of  Complex  Sulphur  Anions.'  Dr.  J.  Knox. 

—  Institution  of  Civil    Kiit-inccr*.   8 .  — '  The   New  York   Rapid- 

Tiansit  Suhwav.'  Mr.  W.  B.  Parson* 

—  Anthropological    Institute,  sir, —Montenegrin  Manners    and 

Customs,   Miss  M.  E.  Durham. 
Wkd.     British  Numismatic,  s— 'Note  on  a  Trial  Piece  for  a  Pattern 
by  Dro?,'  Mr.  Stanley  Bousfield  ;  '  The  Crass  as  a  Mint-Mark 
on  English  Coins,'  Mr.  Shirley  Fox. 

—  Society  of  Arts.  H— '  The  Problem  of  Road  Construction  with 

a  View  to  Present  and  Future  Requirements.'  Mr.  II.  B 
Hele-Shaw  ami  Mr.  Dougl.-i-  Mackenzie. 
Tin  us.  Roval  Institution.  3.— '  Wood  :   its  Botanical  and  Technical 
Aspects,'  Lecture  It..  Prof.  W.  Somerville 

—  Roval  Aeadeiuv.  4.— 'The  Grand  Manner :  France.  Prof.  R.  T. 

Blomneld. 

—  Roval.  4.30. 

—  Society  of    Antiquaries.   B.30.— '  Excavation    of    Harborough 

Cave,  near  Brassingtoii.  Derbyshire.'  Mr.  W.  storrs  For; 
'Some  Examples  of  Medieval  Enamelled  Horse-Trappings, 
Sir  J.  C.  Robinson.  .  ... 

Phvsical,  5.— 'Contact  Potential  Differences  determined  by 
means  of  Noll  Solutions.' Mr.  8.  W.  J.  Smith  and  Mr  H 
Moss;  'An  Experimental  Examination  of  Gihbss  Theory  of 
Surface  Tension  as  the  basis  of  Absorption,  with  an  Applica- 
tion to  the  Theorv  of  Dyeing.'  Mr.  I 

Socictv  of  Arts.  8 .— '  The  Removal  of  Dust  and  t  umes  in 
Factories.'  Mr.  J.  Bcott  Haldane.     .Shaw  Lecture! 

Roval  Institution.  ».— '  Explosive  Combustion,  with  Siwcial 
Reference  to  that  of  Hydrocarbons,'  l'rof.  \\  .  A.  rone. 

Roval  Institution,  .1  —  The  Art  of  Florence,  Lecture  IIL. 
Mr.  Selwyn  Brinton. 


FBI. 


Sat. 


No.  4191,  Feb.  22,  1908 


THE    ATHEN^UM 


233 


^rintre  (Gossip. 


Messrs.  Charles  Griffin  &  Co.  announce 
'  Harbour  Engineering,'  by  Mr.  Brysson 
Cunningham,  a  companion  to  his  '  Dock 
Engineering.'  This  work  deals  with  those 
departments  of  maritime  enterprise  which 
were  excluded  from,  or  lightly  touched  on, 
in  the  earlier  volume.  The  salient  feature 
is  a  consideration  of  the  problems  connected 
with  protective  measures  for  safe  and 
commodious  anchorage  in  exposed  situa- 
tions. Special  chapters  deal  with  the 
stability  of  floating  landing  stages,  the 
principles  of  channel  training  in  rivers 
and  estuaries,  and  the  lighting  and  buoying 
of  port  approaches. 

Messrs.  Hodder  &  Stoughton  announce 
1  Nature  Rambles  in  London,'  with  over 
100  illustrations,  by  Miss  Kate  M.  Hall  ; 
and  '  Some  British  Birds,'  edited  by  Mr. 
Edward  Thomas,  with  twelve  plates  in 
colour. 

The  Fourth  International  Congress 
of  Electrology  and  Radiology  will 
assemble  at  Amsterdam  in  the  first  week  of 
September. 

The  Rev.  J.  H.  Morgan,  F.R.A.S.,  who 
was  assistant  at  the  Cambridge  Observatory 
when  Prof.  Challis  was  searching  for  the 
planet  afterwards  named  Neptune  (he  was 
anticipated  in  its  recognition  by  Dr.  Galle 
at  Berlin,  who  is  now  in  the  ninety-sixth 
year  of  his  age,  and  the  oldest  of  astro- 
nomers), died  on  the  2nd  inst.  at  the  age  of 
eighty-two. 

Cart.  Thomson,  C.B.,  Inspector-General 
of  Explosives,  who  died,  owing  to  mental 
depression,  by  his  own  hand  on  the  13th  inst., 
was  one  of  the  observers  of  the  transit  of 
Venus  in  1882  at  Barbados.  He  was  a  son 
of  the  well-known  Archbishop  of  York. 

The  question  having  been  raised  why 
there  are  no  elevations  high  enough  to  be 
considered  as  mountains  on  the  planet 
Mars,  Prof.  T.  J.  J.  See  of  the  U.S.  Naval 
Observatory,  Washington,  has  contributed 
papers  to  the  Proceedings  of  the  American 
Philosophical  Society,  pointing  out  that 
the  moiin tains  on  tho  earth  have  been  formed 
by  the  expulsion  of  lava  from  beneath  the 
sea,  owing  to  the  accumulation  of  steam 
below  the  crust  by  the  secular  leakage  of 
the  ocean  bottoms.  A  planet  therefore 
like  Mars,  which  has  no  large  or  deep  seas, 
would  have  no  mountains,  because  appre- 
ciable leakage  would  not  tako  place,  as 
upon  the  earth.  For  the  same  reason  it 
would  be  undisturbed  by  convulsions  similar 
to  earthquakes.  The  objection,  he  remarks, 
may  be  raised  that  the  moon  has  mountains 
and  mountain  ranges,  though  there  is  no 
water  on  its  surface ;  but  there  woro  probably 
in  former  ages  large  masses  of  water,  which 
have  oscaped  into  space  in  a  vaporous 
state  owing  to  the  foeblo  attraction  of  our 
satellite  being  unable  to  rotain  them  ;  and  »  he 
mountains  may  have  boon  formod  in  the 
earlier  stages  of  its  dovelopmont.  Mars, 
however,  is  probably  ahlo  to  retain  most 
of  its  water-vapour,  but  tho  bodies  of  water 
Otl  it  are  so  small  that  tho  effect  on  mountain 
building  is  virtually  insensible. 

The  sixteen  new  variable  stars  in  Harvard 
Circular  No.  134  (mentioned  in  our  Science 
Gossip  last  week)  aro  reckoned  amongBt 
those  detected  in  1007,  the  last  being  num- 
bered var.  198,  1907,  Phoenicia;  its  range 
of  variability  is  not  quite  a  magnitude, 
and  no  period  is  as  yet  manifested. 


FINE   ARTS 


Towers  and  Spires :  their  Design  and 
Arrangement.  By  E.  Tyrrell  Green. 
(Wells  Gardner  &  Co.) 

Mr.  Green,  who  is  Lecturer  in  Archi- 
tecture at  St.  David's  College,  Lampeter, 
tells  us  in  his  Preface  that  this  book 
with  its  illustrations  has  been  a  labour  of 
love  during  the  vacations  of  the  past  ten 
years.  The  129  illustrations  are  from 
pen-and-ink  drawings  by  the  author. 
All  the  towers  illustrated  have  been 
specially  visited,  studied,  and  drawn  from 
the  originals,  with  two  exceptions.  As 
the  pictures  form  a  leading  part  of 
the  work,  it  may  be  said  at  once  that 
their  general  effect  is  pleasing,  while  the 
attention  given  to  details  is  praiseworthy. 
With  their  help  the  book  forms  a  volume 
which  will  be  appreciated  by  many  who 
have  no  particular  architectural  or  eccle- 
siological  gifts.  Its  attractions  may  lead 
not  a  few  to  a  closer  and  more  accurate 
study  of  the  buildings  described.  There 
is  little  in  its  pages  which  is  likely  to 
lead  any  one  far  astray  ;  but  it  is  only 
fair  to  state  that  the  book  does  not  appeal 
to  genuine  architects  or  thorough  students 
of  church  fabrics.  There  is  no  plan  of 
any  kind  in  its  pages,  and  few  measure- 
ments are  supplied.  Moreover,  the  pictures, 
though  distinctly  good  in  certain  respects, 
lack  the  accuracy  of  photographic  plates 
or  carefully  prepared  drawings,  whilst 
a  few  are  certainly  not  right  in  their 
perspective  or  present  a  somewhat  crooked 
appearance. 

The  greater  part  of  the  illustrations  are 
of  English  towers,  but  they  are  inter- 
mingled with  a  variety  of  well-chosen, 
beautiful  examples  from  the  Continent. 
Thus  the  first  dozen  pictures  include  draw- 
ings of  the  towers  of  St.  Michael's,  Oxford  ; 
Brigstock  and  Earls  Barton,  Northampton- 
shire ;  Sompting,  Sussex ;  St.  Alban's 
Abbey  ;  and  Norham,  Northumberland  ; 
whilst  the  other  examples  of  this  early 
period  are  taken  from  Ravenna,  Siena, 
Finisterre,  Chalons-sur-Marne,  Bonn,  and 
Laach. 

We  have  nothing  but  praise  for  the 
greater  part  of  the  letterpress.  The 
introductory  chapter,  wherein  are  ex- 
plained the  various  purposes  of  church 
towers,  is  a  good  piece  of  writing.  The 
same  may  be  said  of  the  later  chapters, 
which  deal  with  the  plan  of  towers, 
details  of  design,  variety  of  materials, 
and  position  and  arrangement.  The  para- 
graphs on  the  last  subject,  discussing  the 
single  towers  of  the  west  end  or  the  centre, 
the  twin  towers  of  the  west  end,  groups 
of  three  towers  as  found  in  six  of  our 
English  cathedrals,  as  well  as  the  groups 
of  many  towers  found  on  the  Continent, 
are  most  informing. 

The  book  also  contains  two  plans  or 
maps,  both  of  which  have  involved  some 
trouble  in  their  composition,  and  might 
have  been  exceedingly  useful  if  carried 
out  on  a  more  thorough  scale.  One  of 
these  illustrates  the  distribution  of  build- 
ing   material     in     England     and    Wales. 


There  is  an  outline  map  divided  into 
counties,  and  athwart  them  in  red  letter- 
ing are  a  few  fairly  obvious  names  of  the 
prevailing  geological  surface  of  the  differ- 
ent districts.  Thus  "  Granite  "  runs 
through  Cornwall  and  just  over  the 
border  into  Devon.  "  Oolite  "  is  marked 
in  the  east  of  Somerset  and  the  south  of 
Gloucestershire.  "  Chalk  "  extends  dia- 
gonally through  Wiltshire,  Berkshire,  and 
Hertfordshire  ;  "  Flint "  is  found  in 
Norfolk  and  Suffolk ;  whilst  "  Lime- 
stone," "  Red  Sandstone,"  and  "  Slate  " 
occur  in  the  Midlands  and  the  North. 
Such  a  map  as  this  may  be  just  a  slight 
help  to  a  casual  reader  or  youthful 
student ;  but  the  idea  at  once  suggests 
itself  on  what  far  better  lines  such  a  plan 
could  be  produced,  marking,  for  instance, 
celebrated  mediaeval  quarries  like  Ham 
Hill  in  the  West,  Barnack  in  North- 
amptonshire, or  Purbeck  with  its  fine 
marble  in  Dorset.  The  same  map  might 
easily  have  been  furnished  with  symbols 
denoting  the  districts  where  wooden  towers 
are  still  to  be  found,  as  in  Essex  and  parts 
of  Hampshire. 

The  other  map  is  supposed  to  furnish 
the  names  of  those  places  throughout 
England  where  there  are  remains  of 
Saxon  work.  These  names  seem  to  have 
been  reproduced  from  a  like  map  in  the 
second  volume  of  '  The  Arts  in  Early  Eng- 
land '  by  Prof.  Baldwin  Brown,  published 
in  1903  ;  but  in  addition  Saxon  western 
towers  are  underlined  in  red,  and  Saxon 
towers  other  than  western  are  underlined 
in  black.  What,  however,  we  have  to 
complain  of  with  respect  to  this  map  is 
the  number  of  serious  omissions  of  fabrics, 
parts  of  which  are  as  undoubtedly  Saxon 
as  any  in  the  kingdom.  We  mention  only 
a  few  that  are  not  named  here  :  Hamble- 
don  and  Titchfield,  Hampshire  ;  Tolles- 
bury  and  Prittlewell,  Essex ;  Plumtree, 
Nottinghamshire ;  Bradbourn,  Derb}T- 
shire  ;  Kirkby  Overblow  and  Terrington, 
Yorkshire;  St.  Dunstan,  Canterbury;  Orp- 
ington, Kent ;  and  Studland  and  Worth 
Matravers,  Dorset.  To  these  at  least  a 
score  of  others  might  be  added,  for  the 
careful  study  of  pre-Norman  work  has  been 
much  advanced  in  the  last  few  years 
by  experts.  One  of  the  oldest  Christian 
fabrics  in  the  kingdom,  St.  Peter-on- 
the- Walls,  Essex — now  a  barn,  but  in  fair 
preservation — is  not  even  named. 

Although  the  greater  part  of  our 
criticism  lias  been  directed  to  omissions, 
it  is  but  fair  to  say  that  on  the  whole  this 
book  is  a  desirable  possession,  for  it 
brings  together  a  variety  of  material 
which  has  otherwise  to  be  sought  in  a 
multiplicity  of  volumes,  and  the  pictures 
form  a  series  not  only  generally  attractive, 
but  also  convenient  for  reference. 


Augustus  Saint  -  Claudius.  By  Royal 
Cortisaoz.  (Constable  &  Co.) — Well  printed 
and  sympathetically  written,  this  is  n  not 
unworthy  memorial  of  tho  lirst  of  American 

sculptors.  It  is  difficult  simply  from  such 
of  ln's  works  as  we  have  Been  from  timo  (o 
timo  in  London  or  Talis,  and  from  photo- 
graphs such  afl  those  reproduced  here  and  in 
various  American   magazines,  to  ju'l    e  with 


•j:;i 


rr  ii  E    at  ii  kx  j;  i-  m 


No.  4191,  Feb.  22,  1908 


confidence  of  hu  i  sad  poaition  as  a  sculptor. 
Buch  opinions  generally  call  for  revision 
when  the  actual  monuments  are  Been  inaitu. 
It  i-,  plain,  however,  that  if  not  a  great 
Mutator,  he  waa  an  eminently  gonuine 
and  conscientious  artist,  sometimes  as  in 
the  Bhennan  Memorial  and  such  a  passage 
as  the  head  in  the  Lincoln  monument — 
rising  to  a  great  height  of  always  restrained 
power.  As  Mr.  Cortissos  justly  points  out, 
America  was  fortunate  in  finding  a  man  of 
that  calibre  to  commomorato  a  national 
event  like  the  war.  lie  had  sufficient  reserve 
of  character  to  riso  to  a  great  theme. 

His  smaller  works  of  portraiture  were 
softer,  more  pictorial,  than  would  appeal 
to  a  strictly  sculpturosquo  taste,  but  show 
an  artist  sensitive  to  nicotics  of  character 
and  with  a  vague  feeling  for  the  poetic. 
In  those  and  such  work  as  the  '  James 
McCosh  '  he  is  like  a  George  Frampton  with 
a  rather  lighter  hand.  His  most  important 
work  was  more  French  than  this  in  character, 
with  evident  affinities  to  that  of  Dubois. 
One  notices  it  in  such  a  thing  as  the  horse 
in  the  Sherman  monument,  whose  rather 
ungainly  distinction  strikingly  recalls  the 
animal  in  the  French  artist's  '  Jeanne  d'Arc.' 
The  Caryatid  for  the  house  of  Mr.  Cornelius 
Vanderbilt  seems  from  the  photograph  to 
have  clearer  and  more  brilliant  execution 
than  his  other  works,  and  to  join  hands  more 
definitely  with  the  great  French  school  of 
architectural  sculptors. 


MR.  AUMONIER  AT  THE  LEICESTER 
GALLERY. 

At  the  Leicester  Gallery  we  have  a 
painter  of  a  sturdy  school,  Mr.  James 
Aumonier,  shows  a  collection  of  water- 
colours.  We  have  always  thought  that  his 
finished  pictures  in  this  medium  fall  short 
of  his  best  work  in  oil,  and  although  one 
example  here,  the  dark  Sunset  (47),  suggests 
some  modification  of  this  view,  for  the  most 
part  it  holds  good.  The  bulk,  however,  of 
the  collection  is  made  up  of  small  sketches 
of  considerable  charm.  The  present  gene- 
ration has  seen  an  enormous  sale  of  water- 
colour  sketches  and  studies,  but  few  of  them 
have  borne  the  stamp  of  being  genuine 
sketches  at  all,  since  they  are  for  the  most 
part  obviously  done  for  purposes  of  sale, 
not  for  purposes  of  study.  We  do  not  say 
there  is  none  such  here,  but  many  of  them — 
and  those  the  most  interesting — speak  of 
the  artist's  habit  of  using  the  medium  for 
the  purpose  of  making  notes  for  his  own 
use,  and  have  the  faults  as  well  as  the 
qualities  of  this  sort  of  work.  For  this 
reason  they  run  the  risk  of  being  misjudged 
by  a  public  accustomed  to  the  fluency  and 
sensuous  ease  of  "  imitation  sketches." 

Thus  the  Cornish  Farm  Buildings  (22) 
and  more  noticeably  the  Cornish  Cottage  (3) 
have  a  slight  want  of  finesse  in  the  higher 
tones  of  yellow-green,  one  colour  in  this 
region  being  made  to  do  duty  for  the  several 
which  in  nature  help  to  discriminate  botween 
the  nearer  and  more  distant  masses  of  foliage. 
Now  this  large  discrimination  of  planes  is  a 
matter  in  which  Mr.  Aumonier  is  never  found 
wanting  in  his  completed  work,  and,  in  the 
pursuit  of  a  transient  effect,  a  painter  bent 
on  making  not  a  picture,  but  a  rapidly 
compiled  document  to  aid  him  in  the  making 
of  a  picture,  may  wisely  set  things  down 
somewhat  in  the  order  of  their  unfamiliarity 
to  himself.  Thus  in  the  present  instance 
Mr.  Aumonier  was  justified  in  rendering 
tho  character  and  grouping  of  the  trees 
with  unusual  vigour,  even  if  it  implied 
leaving  out  of  the  statement  cortain  ele- 
ments which  in  any  case  there  was  small 
likelihood  of  his  forgetting  when,  at  leisure 


in  the  studio,  he  supplemented  hasty 
observation  with  the  cumulative  knowli 
of  years.  So  also  En  The  Stubbie  Field  (55) 
we  find  spotty  blacks  in  tho  trees  which 
may  be  paralleled  in  many  finished  pictures, 
but  rarely  in  those  of  Mr.  Aumonii  r.  Crisp, 
exact  draughtsmanship  was  hero  the  thing 
to  be  secured,  oven  if  tho  irregular  use  <,j 
paint  now  a  little  wetter,  now  drier,  resulted 
in  the  loss  of  a  perfectly  level  tone. 

Many  of  these  studies,  in  fact,  are  not  so 
much  characteristic  of  Mr.  Aumonier's 
general  bent  as  complementary  to  it.  By 
means  of  this  frequently  renewed  basis  of 
accurate  observation,  a  style  which  tends 
with  the  years  to  become  more  and  more 
generalized  has  been  provonted  from  turning, 
liko  that  of  so  many  painters  of  the  younger 
generation,  into  an  affair  of  values  loosely 
set  down  and  nothing  more.  The  studies 
of  other  painters  will  have  more  obvious 
decorative  attractiveness  than  these  by  Mr. 
Aumonier,  but  hardly  the  same  value  as 
concrete  material  for  the  imagination. 

Besides  those  already  referred  to,  we  may 
mention  a  few  that  stand  out  from  the  rest 
as  deserving  of  special  praise,  such  as 
Bredon  Church  (1),  with  its  sudden  richness 
of  colour  of  the  stream  threading  through 
the  pale  spread  of  hay  ;  Bredon  Hill  (5), 
or  tho  brilliantly  concise  Hayfield,  Eckington 
(16).  Coverack  (44)  has  an  everyday  natural- 
ness implying  considerable  justness  of  tone  ; 
while  Cornfield,  Has'boro,  Norfolk  (53),  gives 
that  startling  sensation  experienced  when 
the  first  gash  of  the  reapers  reveals  to  an 
eye  filled  with  the  golden  fairness  of  a  sea 
of  corn  the  sudden  note  of  deeper  colour 
beneath,  the  rich  reflected  light  turning  the 
billowy  tops  pale  by  contrast.  Strensham 
Lock  (64)  is  a  singularly  happy  study,  true 
and  harmonious. 


PAINTINGS    BY    THE    LATE 
J.  BUXTON-KNIGHT. 

This  memorial  exhibition  at  the  Goupil 
Gallery  reminds  us  of  the  loss  of  another 
of  that  school  of  open-air  painters  whose 
work  collectively  represents  the  most  credit- 
able movement  in  English  art  in  the  genera- 
tion just  passing.  Without  exalting  that 
movement  to  an  equality  with  the  great 
schools  of  painting  in  the  past,  we  have 
always  tried  to  do  justice  to  these  artists 
as  of  far  greater  permanent  importance 
than  the  more  pretentious  painters  who 
consistently  passed  them  in  the  race  for 
official  recognition,  or  the  more  vulgar 
who  necessarily  outbid  them  in  the  struggle 
for  popular  success.  Alike  in  his  strength 
and  his  weakness,  Constable  finds  in  these 
men  (far  more  than  in  the  French  Romanti- 
cists whose  development  artistic  legend 
traces  from  his  influence)  his  true  descend- 
ants. They  have  a  rather  complacent  toler- 
ance, each  for  his  own  set  of  personal 
peculiarities,  which  is  typically  English, 
as  against  the  classic  and  comparatively 
impersonal  outlook  of  even  those  French 
landscape  painters  usually  dubbed  Romantic. 

Among  what  might  be  called  the  English 
Barbizon  School  Buxton- Knight  was  most 
truly  of  the  seed  of  John  Constable,  and  the 
bost  work  in  this  memorial  collection  is  not 
unworthy  of  Knight's  great  progenitor. 
The  largo  oil  painting  Poole  Harbour,  Evening 
(69),  is  the  only  one  in  tho  first  room  which 
rises  to  this  high  pitch  of  excellence.  Well 
drawn  both  in  foreground  and  sky,  it  treats 
a  theme  of  rather  familiar  typo  ;  but  that 
theme  is  wrought  in  powerful  fashion. 
Tho  pastel  studies  by  which  it  is  surrounded 
are  fairly  good  examples  of  the  attempt, 
never  happy,  to  do  elaborate  painting  in 
this  too  facile  medium,  The  Timber  Waggori 


(4)  being  one  of  the  best  i  while  the  other 
large  oil  pictures  in  this  room  are  dull  by 
oompariaon,     Exception     must     bi     made, 

however,    in    favour    of    Thi     Hoppers,    & 

Chart  (65),  which  is  striking,  if  slightly 
obvious. 

In  tho  second  room  the  artist*!  power  is 

far  more  abundantly  manifest. 
a  canvas  is  commonplace,  though  certain 
eccentricities  and  unreasoning  partialities 
are  somewhat  in  evidence.  Among  these 
are  an  extreme  sensitiveness  to  a  certain 
deep  blue-green,  and  a  love  for  anything 
in  nature  harsh  and  rough  in  texture.  The 
latter  enthusiasm  not  only  leads  him — 
as  in  the  White  Cliffs  (39),"  with  its  dirty 
sea  encumbered  with  storm  rack,  and  ite 
waste  of  rubble  and  rubbish  above  high 
watormark — to  choose  for  large  compositions 
subjects  that  flatter  that  taste,  but  also 
makes  him  tolerant  of  a  coarse  and  corrugated 
surface  in  his  own  pictures,  as  if,  disgusted 
with  the  smooth  banalities  of  the  successful 
landscape  painters  of  the  day,  he  were 
determined  that,  superficially  at  least, 
his  own  works  should  possess  "  grit."  How 
needless  was  that  precaution  with  work 
of  so  much  native  merit  is  seen  in  a  whole 
series  of  fine  pictures.  Foster  s  Old  Mill, 
Cambridge  (56),  is  powerful  to  sensationalism, 
with  its  lurid  sky,  which  shows  off  the 
gaunt  forms  of  the  buildings,  and  be- 
neath, the  black  and  dangerous  waters, 
Nature's  Cathedral,  Charley  Woods  (44),  is 
more  restrained  ;  while  a  second  Poole 
Harbour,  Evening  (64),  captures  the  glimmer 
of  pale  green  of  distant  sea  and  shipping 
with  a  lightness  of  hand,  a  delicacy  of 
presentment,  which  alone  among  these 
pictures  recall  Turner.  The  Bend  of  the 
River  (55)  and  the  still  finer  Hinksey  Ferry, 
Oxford  (61),  represent  the  artist  in  a  typical 
phase  in  his  love  of  deep  reverberant  colour 
— of  objects  so  dark  and  sombre  that  the 
sunlight  scarcely  glimmers  upon  them. 
His  daylight  clouds  suddenly  with  unex- 
pected spells  of  gloom,  which  have  about 
them  something  disquieting.  The  passage 
of  blue  shade  beneath  the  trees  to  the  left 
of  the  '  Hinksey  Ferry '  is  preternatural  : 
and  while  the  open  view  at  the  other  end 
of  the  picture  is  the  country  of  every  day, 
the  glimmering  alley  wliich  makes  the  only 
exit  on  this  side  leads  to  the  unknown. 
Mellow  Autumn,  near  Evcrslcy  (54),  again 
almost  sets  us  in  the  enchanted  land  of 
Monticelli. 

These  and  Moonri-sc,  Wcndovcr  (60), 
are  the  gems  of  this  collection  ;  and  per- 
fect in  tone  as  is  the  latter,  we  confess  to 
having  desired  for  it  a  little  of  the  clarity 
and  steadiness  of  draughtsmanship  with 
which  Claude,  and  in  a  measure  the  best 
of  the  Barbizon  painters  also,  might  havo 
endowed  it.  It  has  the  miraculous  delicacy 
of  an  exquisite  hour,  but  a  certain  untidiness 
of  handling  robs  it  of  the  serenity  that  comes 
of  calm  and  continuous  line. 


PORTRAITS    AND    STUDIES    AT    THE 
BAILLIE    GALLERY. 

In  this  annual  exhibition  the  slender  con- 
tribution made  by  Mr.  Max  Beerbohm 
and  the  unsatisfactory  one  offered  by  Mr. 
Sidney  Sime  leave  place  for  artists  less 
known.  Of  these  Mr.  Albert  Rothenstein 
is  the  most  welcome,  with  excellent  portraits 
of  his  brother,  of  Mr.  Max  Beerbohm  about 
to  make  an  excuse,  of  Mr.  Jolin  Fothergill, 
and  of  Mr.  William  Strang.  These  humorous 
croations  have  a  touch  of  daintiness  and 
suitability  which  puts  thorn  above  the  more 
brutal  caricatures  of  Mr.  Ospovat.  The 
latter  shows  some  plastic  sense,  but  tone 
drawings  of  largo  size  offer  a  heavy  vehicle 


No.  4191,  Feb.  22,  1908 


THE    ATHENAEUM 


235 


for  caricature,  and  in  a  mania  for  violence 
of  pitch  the  artist  makes  his  humanity 
too  monotonously  suggestive  of  distorted 
radishes  and  potatoes.  The  portrait  of 
R.O.,  wherein  he  remains  within  the  tra- 
ditional limits  of  taste  and  style,  is  the  best 
of  his  contributions.  Mr.  Joseph  Simpson's 
royal  portraits  and  an  interesting  collection 
of  prints  by  foreign  caricaturists  are  other 
good  features  of  the  show. 


PICTURES   BY  THE   LATE   SIR  NOEL 
PATON. 

At  the  Dore  Gallery  are  gathered  the 
works  of  this  once  popular  painter.  We 
cannot  pretend  to  regret  that  they  are  now 
out  of  fashion  ;  but  one  of  them,  The 
Pursuit  of  Pleasure,  has  considerable  merit. 
To  give  an  idea  of  its  odd  combination  of 
qualities,  we  might  say  that  it  recalls  some- 
what certain  historical  pictures  by  Ford 
Madox  Brown,  yet  has  about  it  a  strong 
flavour  of  Hans  Makart.  When  Sir  Noel 
Paton  addressed  himself  to  painting  Christian 
ideals,  and  ceased  representing  the  wiles  of 
the  flesh,  he  apparently  abandoned  the  only 
thing  which  interested  him  artistically. 


SALE. 

Messrs.  Christie  sold  last  Saturday  and 
Monday  the  following  pictures  and  drawings,  the 
property  of  the  late  Charles  A.  D.  Halford. 
Drawings  :  Rosa  Bonheur,  Peasants  and  Sheep  on 
the  Landes,  357£.  Vicat  Cole,  Harvest-Time, 
126^.  T.  Collier,  Ben  More,  Cumberland,  501. 
T.  S.  Cooper,  A  Cow  and  Four  Sheep,  501.  C. 
Fielding,  Llyn  Tal-y-Llyn  and  Cader  Idris,  147?.  ; 
The  Entrance  to  Glencoe,  54Z.  ;  Dolbadan  Castle, 
68L  Birket  Foster,  A  Girl  gathering  Water- 
Lilies,  94Z.  ;  The  Rialto,  Venice,  105?.  ;  Genoa  and 
Sesti  from  Pegli,  73?.  ;  Marseilles,  73?.  ;  Monaco, 
63?.  ;  The  Lake  of  Geneva,  58?.  Sir  J.  Gilbert, 
On  the  March,  86?.  ;  The  Standard-Bearer.  88?. 
A.  C.  Gow,  The  Inn  of  Doubtful  Repute,  75?.  ; 
The  Girls'  School,  57?.  J.  Holland,  In  Venice, 
126?.  W.  Hunt,  A  Boy  with  a  Candle,  50?.  J. 
Israels,  Sailing  the  Toy  Boat,  325?.  Pictures  : 
Sir  Luke  Fildes,  Dolly,  220?.  Bordone,  Portrait 
of  a  Lady,  in  rich  red,  holding  her  gloves,  115?. 
Botticelli,  The  Madonna,  in  green  robe,  holding 
the  Infant  Saviour  in  her  arms,  141?. 


3fitu-2lrt  (Hossip. 

The  Spring  Picture  Exhibition  at  the 
Whitechapel  Art  Gallery,  which  is  of  a 
varied  character,  will  be  open,  free,  daily 
from  March  13th  to  April  26th. 

The  annual  exhibition  of  the  Royal 
Amateur  Society  will  be  held  this  year, 
by  kind  permission  of  the  Speaker  and  Mrs. 
Lowther,  at  the  Speaker's  House,  Palace 
of  Westminster,  from  the  2nd  to  the  6th  of 
April.  Prints  of  old  Westminster  and  a 
number  of  works  of  art  by  French  amateurs 
will  be  included  in  the  exhibition.  The 
profits  will  be  divided  between  London 
nursing  charities  and  the  Westminster  Hos- 
pital  Fund. 

The  Royal,  Glasgow  Institute  of  the 
Fine  Arts  opened  to  the  press  their  forty- 
seventh  annual  exhibition  on  Thursday  last. 
The  exhibition  will  be  opened  to  the  public 
on  Monday,  and  close  on  May  30th. 

M.  Louis  Hautecosur  writes  from  Paris  : 
"  Many  thanks  for  your  kind  article  about  my 
study  on  Fragonard,  published  in  '  French  Art 
from  Watteau  to  Prud'hon.'  I  take  the  liberty  to 
reply  to  your  reviewer's  two  objections.  The  ant 
fault  to  find,  '  Les  Billets  doux'  instead  of  '  Le 
Billet  doux,'  is,  of  course,  a  mere  misprint.  As 
for  the  second  point,  I  did  not  ascribe  to  Fragonard 


Lavreince's  picture  '  Qu'en  dit  l'Abbe  ? '  engraved 
by  De  Launay  ;  there  is  really  a  '  gouache '  by 
Fragonard  with  the  same  title." 

'  My  School  and  my  Gospel,'  by  Sir 
Hubert  von  Herkomer,  to  be  published 
early  in  March  by  Messrs.  Constable,  fully 
illustrated,  gives  a  record  of  his  connexion 
with  the  Bushey  School  of  Art  from  its 
beginning  till  his  retirement  from  it  in  1904. 
Messrs.  Siegle,  Hill  &  Co.  write  : — 
' '  With  regard  to  the  letter  in  your  last  issue  by 
Mr.  Selwyn  Brinton  concerning  '  Pompeii  as  an 
Art  City,'  we  acknowledge  having  omitted  a  few 
short  passages,  besides  quotations,  in  the  trans- 
lation we  lately  published,  under  the  above  title, 
of  the  German  work  on  this  subject  by  Dr.  Eduard 
von  Mayer.  These  omissions  were  made  after 
careful  consideration  and  consultation  with  the 
editor  of  our  series,  and  were  dictated  by  con- 
siderations either  of  space  or  relevancy.  Our  sole 
object  was  that  of  adapting  the  book  to  the  needs 
and  tastes  of  the  British  public,  for  which  the 
English  version  was  intended,  and  which  we 
imagine  to  be  far  more  interested  in  Dr.  von 
I  Mayer's  views  .on  Pompeian  art  than  in  the 
deductions  he  draws  from  it  in  his  capacity  of 
1  social  reformer.' " 

A  statue  of  Queen  Victoria  was  unveiled 
in  the  Leinster  Lawn,  Dublin,  on  Saturday 
last  by  the  Lord  Lieutenant.  The  statue, 
which  is  the  work  of  Mr.  John  Hughes, 
consists  of  a  seated  figure  of  the  Queen 
surmounting  a  pedestal,  round  which  are 
groups  of  allegorical  figures  representing 
war  and  peace.  Mr.  Hughes,  who  is  a 
native  of  Dublin,  has  been  working  for 
some  time  in  Paris,  and  tins  is  his  latest 
and  most  important  work. 

Messrs.  E.  Saunders  &  Co.  of  Edinburgh 
are  publishing  in  about  twenty  monthly 
parts  a  new  edition  of  Billings's  '  Baronial 
and  Ecclesiastical  Antiquities  of  Scotland,' 
edited  by  Mr.  A.  W.  Wiston-Glynn.  The 
numerous  fine  plates  of  the  original  issue 
will  be  reproduced  on  good  paper. 

The  late  Mr.  J.  D.  G.  Dalrymple  has 
among  many  charities  left  the  following 
bequests  :  (1)  To  the  Council  of  the  Glasgow 
Archaeological  Society  3,000?.  for  the  endow- 
ment of  the  Dalrymple  Lectureship  in 
Archaeology  in  the  University  of  Glasgow. 
(2)  The  whole  residue  of  his  estate  to  trustees 
to  be  applied  towards  the  formation  of  a 
fund  for  the  judicious  restoration  and  repair 
of  buildings  of  historical  and  antiquarian 
interest  in  Scotland,  England,  France, 
Spain,  Italy,  Germany,  and  Greece,  but 
specially  in  Scotland.  The  fund  is  to  be 
administered  by  a  board  of  trustees  con- 
stituted as  follows  :  three  members  from 
the  Society  of  Antiquaries  of  Scotland, 
three  from  the  Glasgow  Archaeological 
Society,  and  one  from  the  Scottish  Ecclesio- 
logical  Society. 

Messrs.  A.  Constable  &  Co.  write  : — 
"  In  reference  to  the  review  of  the  '  Index  to 
Archaeological  Papers '  in  your  last  issue  we  have 
pleasure  in  informing  you  that  the  omission  of  a 
subject  index  which  you  mention  is  about  to  be 
remedied  ;  the  work  of  this  supplementary  Index 
is  in  preparation  for  early  publication." 

Prof.  Dorpfeld  has  issued  a  letter, 
addressed  in  the  first  place  to  the  frionds  who 
assisted  him  with  funds,  in  which  ho  givos 
an  account  of  his  excavations  at  Leukas- 
Ithaca  in  the  summer  of  1907.  Ho  began 
in  tho  plain  of  Nidri,  where  a  primaeval 
burial-place  was  discovorod,  resembling 
those  recently  found  at  Tiryns  and  Orcho- 
menos,  and  containing  vases,  and  a  bronzo 
spoarhoad  which  is  said  to  bo  of  a  very  raro 
type.  The  walls  of  a  largo  building  were 
laid  baro,  which,  Prof.  Dorpfcld  thinks,  was 
probably  the  palaco  of  UlvBSes.  The  work 
was  carried  on  under  considerable  difficulties, 
owing  to  tho  water  of  tho  subsoil,  which 
is  to  bo  divortod  by  means  of  a  canal,  so 
that  tho  wholo  building  may  bo  oxposod. 


exhibitions. 

Sit.  (Feb.  '>2I.— Fair  Women  Exhibition,  Private  View,  New  Gallery. 

—  Paris  To-day.    Original  Etchings  by  Eugene  Bejot,   Messrs. 

Connell'i  Gallery. 

—  Pictures  and  Drawings  arranged  by  Mr.  E.  Borough  Johnson, 

Southwestern  Polytechnic  Institute. 


MUSIC 
JItusiral  (gossip. 

M.  Emil  Satjer  gave  his  only  pianoforte 
recital  this  season  at  Queen's  Hall  on  Tuesday 
afternoon.  His  programme  opened  with 
Beethoven's  rarely  heard  Sonata  in  G,  Op.  31, 
No.  1.  This  set  of  sonatas  represents  for 
the  composer  the  parting  of  the  ways.  The 
slow  movement,  with  its  Haydnesque  theme 
and  Mozart-like  embroideries,  points  to 
past  influences,  from  which,  as  is  seen  in  the 
first  and  also  in  the  last  movement,  Beethoven 
was  seeking  to  emancipate  himself.  The 
rendering  of  No.  1  was  wonderfully  clean, 
crisp,  and  intelligent.  Schumann's  Fantasia 
in  c  gave  a  grand  opportunity  of  showing 
splendid  technique  and  strong  emotional 
power. 

Herr  Moritz  Moszkowski  gave  a  concert 
on  Wednesday  evening  at  Queen's  Hall  with 
the  "  Queen's  Hall "  orchestra.  His  pro- 
gramme, devoted  entirely  to  his  own  com- 
positions, opened  with  a  new  Orchestral 
Suite,  Op.  79,  the  music  being  of  light  cha- 
racter, the  '  Valse '  proving  quite  dainty. 
Miss  Dora  Bright  performed,  and  in  brilliant 
style,  the  difficult  and  showy  solo  part  of 
the  Pianoforte  Concerto  in  e  which  was 
given  in  London  at  a  Philharmonic  Concert 
ten  years  ago  under  the  composer's  direction. 
The  programme  included  a  Violin  Concerto 
in  c,  Op.  30,  with  M.  Georges  Enesco  as 
excellent  interpreter.  The  opening  Allegro, 
though  it  seemed  somewhat  long,  in  its 
treatment  of  the  thematic  material  showed 
workmanship  more  ambitious  than  that  of 
the  previous  concerto.  The  concert  ended 
with  one  of  the  composer's  most  popular 
works,  the  pianoforte  duet  suite  '  From 
Foreign  Parts,'  which  M.  Moszkowski  has 
now  transcribed  for  orchestra. 

By  invitation  of  the  Leighton  House 
Committee,  Miss  Florence  May  lias  arranged 
a  series  of  "  Brahms  Afternoons,"  to  take 
place  at  Leighton  House  on  the  five  Tuesdays 
in  March.  Miss  May  will  deliver  a  pre- 
liminary address  on  Brahms  as  a  representa- 
tive musician,  and  instrumental  illustrations 
will  be  given  by  Messrs.  Johann  Kruse,  H. 
Krause,  Jacques  Renard,  Robert  Hausmann, 
and  G.  A.  Clinton.  Mrs.  George  Swinton, 
Miss  Rhoda  von  Glehn,  and  Mr.  J.  Campbell 
Mclnnes  will  sing  selections  from  Brahms' s 
songs  ;  and  Mr.  R.  F.  McEwen  will  conduct 
a  small  choir  of  amateurs  in  some  of  the 
unaccompanied  part-songs. 

The  directors  of  tho  Grand  Opera  Syndicate 
announce  that  the  season  at  Covent  Garden 
will  begin  on  April  30th  and  end  on  July  30th. 
Among  the  artists  already  engaged  aro 
Mesdames  Melba,  Tetrazzini,  Dostinn,  Gul- 
branson,  Maria  Gay,  and  Kirkby  Lunn, 
and  MM.  Zenatello,  Bonci,  Cornelius,  van 
Rooy,  Scotti,  Whitohill,  and  Journet.  Tho 
conductors  will  bo  Dr.  Hans  Richter  and 
Signori  Campanini  and  Panizza. 

PEUFOKMANCKS     NEXT    WBBB 
St  x.      Concert,  8.80,  All>crt  Hall. 

—  Sunday  Society  Oonoert,  '. :'".  Qnern'i  Hull. 

—  Sunday  League  Concert.  7.  Queen'i  Hall. 

Mi>\'.  Miss  Anna  Hliel'l  Pianoforte  Recital,  8,  fioliau  Hall. 

Ti  >s.  Mi   Charlea  Olark'i  Vocal  Recital,  3,  fiollan  HalL 

—  Miss  Adelaide  Hind  *  Vocal  Recital,  ■*,  Bechitein  Hall. 

—  Miss  If araarel  Horne'l  Orchestral  Concert   8,  Queen'i  Hall. 

—  Miss  Alvilde  Kaeiiiuxsen's  Pianoforte  Recital.  8.16,  steiuw.ay 

Hall 

—  Mini  Maud  Aldiss  Violin  Recital,  B  :>'\  fiollan  Hall. 
Wki>.     MIm  Gwladji  Cromie't  Concert,  8,  Bechitein  Hall 

—  Mr.  Hugh  Langion'f  Violin  Recital  :;  18    Eolian  Hall. 

—  New  Symphony  Orchestra,  s.  Queen'i  Mall 

—  Mr.  Donald  Tovej'i  Oonoertis  :'".  Cheliea  Town  HaU 

—  Miss  Dorothy  Wiley  s  Vocal  Recital,  8.30,  Bechitein  Hall 
Turns.  Brussels  String  t^nai  let .  n    Bechitein  Hall. 

—  Philharmonic  OonoarL  B,  Queen  >■  Mall 

—  Mill  Eileen  RuneU'i  Concert,  880,  fiollan  Mall 

Fni.       Miss  Hutb  Troward's  Pianoforte  Recital,  i,  Bernstein  Hull 

—  Walcnn  Qnartrt,  H.30,  JfcUan  Mall 


236 


'I1  II  E     AT  II  EN  M  CM 


No.  L101,  Feb.  22,  L908 


|  :  ,.i  i  oiicert      i      Ub  rl  M. ill 

_        Mi-.  Don  til)  Miii  Ki  ird 

_  i.i  Hi  uli  i  S&ltei  -  \  <••  il  Itc.iul.  ;:.  1;.  ■■  h 

Hall 

_       Srmplioiij Qumo  ■  Hall  Orchaitra,  I.  Qumdi  Hull. 

lit  iii-nii  .i'.i  Hi. mi' '  i  <  •  in  '  1 1. .  IS,  CavonJUh  Booms. 


DRAMA 


THE   WEEK. 

Ki\<;s\YAY.  —  Diana    of     Dobson's  :      a 

Romantic   Comedy  in   Four  Acts.     By 

Cicely  Hamilton. 
It  is  plays  like  '  Diana  of  Dobson's  '  that 
we  want  on  our  stage — plays  in  which 
social  types  are  faithfully  portrayed,  and 
their  point  of  view  is  presented  with 
humour  and  imaginative  sympathy.  It 
is  well  to  know,  for  instance,  how  the 
London  shopgirl  lives,  what  she  thinks 
and  talks  about  in  her  brief  moments  of 
freedom,  what  are  her  feelings  towards 
the  leisured  classes,  and  the  ambitions 
which  lighten  her  fatiguing  routine. 
Any  playwright  who  can  enlighten  us 
on  such  points  in  a  stage  story  that  is 
dramatic  and  vivacious  deserves  our 
gratitude.  This  is  what  Miss  Hamilton 
has  done  delightfully.  That  she  does  not 
dive  into  the  darker  depths  of  her  subject, 
that  she  avoids  discussion  of  the  moral 
perils  which  beset  girls  of  Diana's  class, 
and  keeps  her  play  consistently  on  the 
level  of  cheerful  comedy,  will  recommend 
it  to  the  average  theatre-goer,  who  hates 
nothing  so  much  as  uncompromising 
realism.  Still,  even  the  severest  stickler 
for  the  actual  will  find  the  opening 
dormitory  scene  extraordinarily  life-like, 
and  must  admire  the  cleverness  with 
which  Miss  Hamilton  differentiates  the 
tempers  and  preoccupations  of  her  five 
tired  shopgirls  by  the  conversation  they 
let  drop  as  they  prepare  listlessly  for  bed. 
So,  too,  there  is  something  very  pathetic 
and  characteristic  in  Diana's  resolve  to 
spend  the  legacy  which  reaches  her  un- 
expectedly in  one  glorious  month  of 
luxury  and  fashionable  society. 

The  second  act,  which  shows  her 
masquerading  at  Pontresina  as  a  rich 
widow,  is  the  weakest,  though  it  is 
redeemed  by  its  sketch  of  a  middle-class 
Englishwoman  who  worships  wealth  with 
pitiable  unrestraint.  Then  follows  the 
finest  passage  in  the  comedy — that  in 
which  Diana  rejects  a  young  officer  who 
proposes  marriage  as  much  for  her  sup- 
posed fortune  as  from  love,  reveals  to  him 
her  true  social  position,  and  tells  him,  in 
language  of  searching  contempt,  the 
opinion  girls  of  her  hard-working,  inde- 
pendent type  have  of  such  well-born  idlers 
as  himself. 

In  the  last  act  hero  and  heroine, 
both  with  empty  pockets,  meet  on 
the  Thames  Embankment  and  agree 
to  marry  on  the  captain's  moderate 
income.  It  is  all  a  fairy  tale,  we  know — 
this  reform  of  the  gentleman  at  large,  so 
stung  by  Diana's  impeachment  that  for 
throe  months  he  tries  and  fails  to  earn  his 
own  living  ;  still  it  makes  an  affecting 
and  pretty  romance. 

Miss  Lena  Ashwell,  who  is  to  be  con- 
gratulated on  having  discovered  yet 
another  promising  playwright,  offers  a 
picturesque  study  of  Diana's  wilfulness, 
if  somewhat  too  aggressive  in  manner  at 


times  ;  and  her  shop-atfociatefl  are  all 
carefully  individualized  by  their  inter- 
preters.  Mr.  Hallard  has  a  difficulty 
in  doing  much  with  the  captain's  inverte- 
brate character,  and  shows  to  best 
advantage  in  the  Embankment  scene. 
Therein,  too,  Mr.  McKinne]  makes  his 
one  appearance  in  the  play,  and  is  highly 
amusing  as  a  stolid,  but  kindly  policeman 
whose  lot  it  is  to  oblige  his  homelese 
charges  to  "  move  on." 


THE  ABBEY  THEATRE,  DUBLIN. 

The  Abbey  Theatre  reopened  last  week 
with  two  new  plays  by  writers  whoso  work 
had  not  previously  been  seen  on  the  Abbey 
stage.  Mr.  W.  P.  Casey's  three-act  play 
'  The  Man  who  missed  the  Tide  '  deals  with 
middle-class  life  in  a  small  Irish  town. 
The  characters,  a  young  doctor,  his  wife, 
and  a  "  spoilt  priest,"  are  well  observed  ; 
the  dialogue  excellent  for  the  most  part  ; 
and  the  atmosphere  veracious.  The  deaden- 
ing monotony,  against  which  the  passionate 
Irish  temperament  beats  its  wings  as  against 
a  blank  wall,  and  from  which,  unable  to 
construct  a  fresh  environment,  it  goes  on 
seeking  to  escape,  is  suggested  with  so  much 
penetration  that  one  is  encouraged  to  high 
hopes  of  the  author's  talents  when  he  has 
mastered  the  technique  of  stage  construction. 

'  The  Piper,'  a  much  shorter  piece  by 
Mr.  Norreys  Connell,  is  described  as  "  an  un- 
ended  argument,"  and  is  a  far  more  finished 
and  powerful  work.  Its  satire  and  realism 
have  aroused  a  controversy  only  less  fierce 
than  that  which  raged  round  Mr.  Synge's 
'Playboy  of  the  Western  World.'  The 
action  is  described  as  having  taken  place 
"  some  time  ago "  ;  but  the  rebellion  of 
'98  is  inevitably  suggested  by  the  setting. 
The  futility  of  the  garrulous  Irishman,  un- 
trained, undisciplined,  unwilling  to  face 
facts,  going  down  more  or  less  helplessly 
in  a  storm  of  rhetoric,  is  set  forth  with  a 
vigorous  and  sincere  touch.  The  self- 
possession  of  an  English  officer,  the  undying 
onthusiasm  of  the  piper,  and  the  merciless 
realism  of  the  clear-sighted  hero  stand  out 
sharply  against  a  background  of  helpless 
and  unstable  peasants.  It  is  pleasing  to 
hear  that  two  more  plays  by  Mr.  Norreys 
Connell  will  shortly  be  put  upon  the  Abbey 
stage.  E.  D. 

To  Correspondents.— A.  w.— c.  G.  n.— o.  A.— Received. 
H.  N.  MacCracken. — Please  send  address. 
A.  M.— Many  thanks. 

We  cannot  undertake  to  reply  to  inquiries  concerning  the 
appearance  of  reviews  of  books. 

INDEX  TO  ADVERTISERS. 

PAoa 

Autiioks'  Agents      888 

Autotype  Co '-iio 

Bakstek  &  Sons         -23$ 

Bell  &  Sons     

Cassell  &  Co -il 

Catalogues       -10 

Dent  &  Co -iw 

Educational 808 

KNO . .  . .     239 

Exhibitions      ..       .        209 

GtARDNKE,  DARTON  &  CO "21- 

Greening  &  Co.        888 

IlEINEMANN  -II 

hukst  &  blackett '210 

Insurance  Companies         838 

Jack  888 

Lank  210 

Longmans  &  Co 818 

Macmillan  A-  Co 210 

Magazines,  &c 

Mbthubn  &  Co 818 

Miscellaneous 808 

Murray 8M 

Notes  &  Queries      '-38 

Nutt         8M 

Provident  institutions 209 

Putnam's  Sons 211 

lllCIIAKDS '-"■•'i 

Sales  by  Auction 210 

Situations  Vacant 209 

Situations  Wanted 209 

SONNENSCHEIN   it   CO 887 

TYPE-WK1TERS,  &C 209 


MESSRS.  BELLS 

BOOKS. 


Fcap.  4to,  12*.  net. 

THE    ITINERARY    OF    JOHN 
LELAND 

(In  or  about  the  Years  1535-1543). 

Newly  Edited  from  the  1188. 

By    LUCY    TOULMIN    SMITH. 

Vol.    II.    Containing    Parts    IV.    and    V. 

With  an  Appendix  of  Extracts  from 

Leland's  Collectanea. 

READY  FEB.  26,  crown  8vo,  G-.  net. 

DECORATIVE    HERALDRY. 

A  Practical  Handbook  of  its 

Artistic  Treatment. 

ByG.  W.  EVE. 

With    ahout    200    Illustrations. 

New  and  Revised  Edition. 


Crown  8vo,  6*.  net. 


THE      BLACK 
OF   1348  and 


DEATH 

1349. 


By    the    Right    Rev.    F.    A.   GASQUET,    D.D., 

Abbot  President  of  the  English  Benedictines. 

New  and  Revised  Edition. 

"By  far  the  most  interesting  and  exhaustive  record  to  be 
found  of  this  most  appalling  visitation." — Morning  Post. 

BELL'S  MINIATURE  BIOGRAPHIES. 

Pott  8vo,   each  with  Eight  Illustrations.     Cloth, 

Is.  net  ;  limp  leather,  with  Photogravure 

Frontispiece,    2s.    net. 

Painters—  NEW  VOLUMES. 

BOTTICELLI.     By   R.   H.    Hobait 

CUST. 
Musicians— 

GRIEG.    By  E.  Markham  Lee. 

Illustrated  List  on  application. 
NEW  AND  CHEAPER  REVISED  EDITION. 

TURBINES.     By  W.  H.  Stuart 

GARNETT.  Demy  8vo,  with  numerous 
Illustrations,  5s.  net. 

"  We  have  here  a  treatise  which  will  be  appreciated  by 
the  engineer,  and  yet  is  easily  understood  by  the  general 
reader;  a  work  admirably  compiled,  characterised  by 
lucidity  of  expression  from  cover  to  cover,  and  yet  a  text- 
book.... should  prove  most  valuable  now  that  the  turbine 
is  being  installed  so  extensively  in  His  Majesty's  ships  and 
in  the  mercantile  marine." — Daily  Telegraph. 

EDUCATIONAL    BOOKS. 

Crown  Svo,  1^.  (xl. 

ESSENTIALS   OF   FRENCH 

GRAMMAR.  An  Exercise  Book  for  Junior 
Classes.  By  HECTOR  WILSHERE,  M.A  . 
Assistant  Master  at  Sydney  Church  of  Eng- 
land Grammar  School. 

Bell's  English  Texts  for  Secondary  Schools. 

CHARLES    READ  E.-T  H  E 

CLOISTER   AND    THE    HEARTH. 

Abridged  and  Edited  by  the  Rev.  A.  E.  HALL, 
B.A.,  Assistant  Master,  Bancroft's  School. 
Crown  Svo,  Is. 

SCOTT— A  LEGEND  OF  MONT- 
ROSE. Abridged  and  Edited  by  P.  C. 
LUCKHURST,  Assistant  Master,  Sir  Walt- 1 
St.  John's  School,  Battersea.     Crown  Svo,  U. 


London  :    GEORGE   BELL  k  SONS, 
York  House,  Portugal  Street,  W.C. 


No.  4191,  Feb.  22,  1908 


THE    ATHENJEUM 


237 


SWAN    SONNENSCHEIN    &    CO-,    Ltd. 


NEW    AND    FORTHCOMING    BOOKS. 


LUDWIG  II.  OF  BAVARIA. 

By  CLARA  TSCHUDI.     Translated  by  ETHEL  II.  HEARN.     With 

Coloured  Portrait.     Demy  8vo,  7s.  6d. 

WILLIAM  CLARKE. 

A  Collection  of  his  Writings,  with  a  Biographical  Sketch.  Edited  by 
HERBERT  BURROWS  and  JOHN  A.  HOBSON.     Demy  8vo,  Is.  Qd. 

PRODUCTION :  a  Study  in  Economics. 

By  P.  H.  CASTBERG,  of  Christiania.     Demy  8vo,  10s.  Qd, 

THE  WILL  TO  DOUBT ; 

or,  The  Place  of  Doubt  in  Human  Experience. 

By  ALFRED  H.  LLOYD,  Ph.D.,  Professor  of  Philosophy  in  the  Uni- 
versity of  Michigan.     Crown  8vo,  cloth,  is.  6d. 

DICTIONARY  OF  SPANISH  QUOTATIONS. 

By  T.  B.  HARBOTTLE  and  MARTIN  HUME,  C.  de  la  Real  Aca- 
demia  Espahola,  Lecturer  in  Spanish  History  and  Literature,  Pembroke 
College,  Cambridge.  With  Authors  and  Subjects  Index.  Small  demy 
8vo,  7s.  6d. 

HISTORY  OF  THE  1st  BATTALION 
SHERWOOD  FORESTERS  (Notts  and 
Derby  Regt )  IN  THE  BOER  WAR,  1899-1902. 

By  Capt.  GILSON.  With  an  Introduction  by  Lieut.  -General  Sir  H.  L. 
SMITH-DORRIEN,  K.C.B.  With  Maps  and  Portraits.  Demy  8vo, 
cloth,  5s.  net. 

NEW  AND  CHEAPER  EDITION  OF 

PICTURES  OF  THE  SOCIALISTIC  FUTURE. 

Translated  from  the  German  of  E.  RICHTER.     Cloth,  Is.  net. 

BRITISH  FREEWOMEN. 

By  CHARLOTTE  C.  STOPES.     Third  Edition.     Crown  8vo,  2s.  6d. 

ATTENTION. 

By  W.  B.  PILLSBURY,  Professor  of  Philosophy  in  the  University  of 
Michigan.     Large  8vo,  10s.  6c?.  net. 

THOUGHT  AND  THINGS,  OR  GENETIC  LOGIC. 

Vol.  II.  Experimental  Logic.  By  JAMES  MARK  BALDWIN,  Pro- 
fessor in  the  Johns  Hopkins  University.     Demy  8vo,  10s.  Qd.  net. 

MENTAL  PATHOLOGY  IN  RELATION 
TO  PSYCHOLOGY. 

By  Prof.  STORRING.  Translated  by  ROBERT  LOVEDAY,  M.A., 
Professor  of  Philosophy  in  the  South  African  College.    Demy  8vo,  10s.  Qd, 


READY  SHORTLY. 

THE  DAWN  OF  A  CONSTITUTION ; 

or,  The  Reigns  of  Henry  III.  to  Edward  III.  (A.D.  1216-1377). 

By  Sir  JAMES  RAMSAY,  Bart.  M.A.,  Author  of  '  The  Foundations 
of  England,'  &c.     With  Maps  and  Illustrations.     Demy  8vo,  12s. 

STUDENT'S  TEXT  BOOK  OF  ZOOLOGY. 

By  ADAM  SEDGWICK,  M.  A.    Third  and  Concluding  Volume.    Demy 
Svo,  18s.  

ORA    MARITIMA    SERIES. 
AM  RHEIN. 

A  German  Story  for  Beginners.      By  C.  WICKMANN,  Ph.D. 


SPECIAL    CAMPAIGN    SERIES. 
THE  LEIPSIG  CAMPAIGN,  1813. 

By  Col.  F.  N.  MAUDE.     Crown  Svo,  5s.  net. 

GRANT'S  CAMPAIGN  IN  VIRGINIA,  1864. 

(Wilderness  Campaign.)     By  Capt.   VAUGHAN-SAWYER.     Crown 
Svo,  5s.  net. 
(This  Campaign  is  set  for  all  Military  Examinations  in  November  and 
May  next. ) 

NEW     CLASSICAL     LIBRARY. 

Cloth,  3s.  Qd.  each ;  leather,  4s.  Qd.  each. 

AN  ABRIDGED  EDITION  OF  SEYFFERT'S 
DICTIONARY  OF  ANTIQUITIES. 

By  Dr.  EMIL  REICH. 

THE  PANDECTS  (De  Verborum  Obligationibus) 
AND  THE  IMPORTANT  PARTS  OF  GAIUS. 

By  Dr.  EMIL  REICH.     

NEW    EDITION    OF 

ELEMENTARY  TEXT-BOOK 
OF    PRACTICAL    BOTANY. 

By  Prof.  E.  STRASBURGER.     Demy  Svo,  10s.  6d. 


THE    PARALLEL    GRAMMAR    SERIES 

Now  includes  Grammars  of  English,  French,  German,  Welsh,  Latin,  and  Greek,  each  consisting  of  Two  Parts— 

I.  ACCIDENCE,  II.  SYNTAX— varying  in  price  from  la.  to  2.s.  Qd.  each  Part. 
The  Series  also  includes  Readers  and  Writers  for  French,  German,  Latin,  and  Greek,  together  with  Exercises  in  English, 

at  from  Is.  to  Is.  Qd.  each. 

Single  Copies  of  any  Volume  will  be  sent  post  free  to  any  Teacher  on  receipt  of  half  its  published  price.     Keys  to  the  Latin 
and  German  Readers  and  Writers  may  be  had  by  Teachers  direct  from  the  Publishers. 

NOW    READY. 

THE    PUBLIC    SCHOOLS    YEAR    BOOK. 

NINETEENTH    ANNUAL    ISSUE. 
Deals  with  the  leading  Public  Schools  and  Preparatory  Schools. 

Crown  Svo,  800  pages,  price  3&  6d.  net;   post  free,  3s.   lOd. 


THE    SCHOOLMASTERS  YEAR    BOOK  AND    DIRECTORY,   1908. 


The  Guide  to  Secondary  Education. 

Ahout    1100   pages,    price    7*.    G(/.    net;    post   free,    7s.    lid. 


SWAN  SONNENSCHEIN  &  CO.,  Limited,  25,  High  Street,  Bloomsburv.  W.C. 


238 


Til  E     AT  II  KNJEUM 


No.  4191,  Feb.  22,  L908 


iL'rrturrs. 


Si  HOOL     OF     BOCIOLOO\     AND    SOCIAL 
I  m    DBNIBON    HO08B,   -"*.    VAUXItAI.L 

BUIDUK  KOAIi  s  "  *l\  LBCTURB8  ..ii  •  S..IIK-  Bociolocical 
Problrmi  In  the  United  BUlM1  villi  I..-  k'*<-ii  by  Mr.  J  ii  It  All  A  M 
UKOOKM  Prwldent,  American  Soda!  Bi  letic*  A*aocUUon,at  4  3u  p.m., 

., DMculiw  Tl  KSHAV.H.   U-Klnniiii!   ilarcli  :t.     rourw  Ticket..'.*. 

{Hilda  Adinlnaon,  l< I'uith.i  partlcului  may  In:  had  from  the 
HON    SECRETARY. 


2UitIjors'  Agents. 


rpHK  AUTHOR'S  AGENCY.  — Established  1S79. 

1       The  Intercuts  of  Author*  ca|mbl.v  represented     A 
I'ui. lulling-  arranged.    MSS.  placed  with  Pnl>ljeli«-i-K.— T.rui*  inJ  Teat) 
amidols  ou  aiipliuitiou  to  Mr.  A.  M.  BUKUHE8,  M,  PaterDOStar  How 


Agreements  f<>r 


NOW  KEADY. 
THE 

■VTEWSPAPER    PRESS    DIRECTORY    AND 

J_\  ADVERTISERS'  GUIDE.  1908. 

SIXTY  THIRD  ANNUAL  ISSUE,  387  pages,  2*.  (by  poet.  2s.  6d.), 
InrluiliiiR  Nawipaper  Map  of  United  Kingdom. 
Full    |uirticular»    of    all    Britihli    Newnvapcrs, 
Magazine*,   .t.      Snccial  Colonial  and   loreign 
UaflL    ExclusiTe  Articles  for  Advertisers  and 

Exporters. 

Times  fays  :— "The  standard  work  of  reference." 

Publishers  :-C.  MITCHELL  &  CO., 

1  and  2,  Snow  Hill,  Holborn  Viaduct,  London,  E.C. 


THE 

NINTH   SERIES 
GENERAL     INDEX 

OF 

OTES      AND      QUERIES 
With  Introduction  by  the  late 
JOSEPH    KNIGHT,    F.S. A. 


N 


This  Index  is  double  the  size  of  previous  ones,  as 
it  contains,  in  addition  to  the  usual  Index  of 
Subjects,  the  Names  and  Pseudonyms  of  Writers, 
with  a  List  of  their  Contributions.  The  number  of 
constant  Contributors  exceeds  eleven  hundred. 
The  Publishers  reserve  the  right  of  increasing  the 
price  of  the  volume  at  any  time.  The  number 
printed  is  limited,  and  the  type  has  been 
distributed. 

Free  by  post,  10s.  lid. 


JOHN  C.  FRANCIS  &  J.  EDWARD  FRANCIS, 
Notes  and  Queries  Office,  Bream's  Buildings,  E.C. 

Insurance  (Eompnntes. 

ATATIONAL 

pROVIDE  NT 

INSTITUTION 

FOR 
MUTUAL     LIFE     ASSURANCE. 

Established  1835. 

ASSURANCE    AND    INVESTMENT. 

Write  for  Leaflet  on  net  cost  of  Endowment  Assurances. 
48,  Gracechurch  Street,  London,  E.C. 

Applications  for  Agencies  invited. 

ACCIDENTS  OF  ALL  KINDS,  SICKNESS, 

EMPLOYERS'  LIABILITY,  BURGLARY,  AND 

FIDELITY  GUARANTEE  RISKS 

INSURED  AGAINST  BY  THE 

RAILWAY  PASSENGERS'  ASSURANCE  CO. 

Capital  (fully  subscribed)  £1,000,000.         Claims  paid  £5,400,000. 


CORNHILL,  LONDON. 


A.  VIAN,  Secretary. 


WORKS    BY    WILLIAM    THYNNE    LYNN. 


ELEVENTH  EDITION  NOW  KEADY,  price  Two  Shilling*  int. 

CELESTIAL      MOTIONS: 

A    Handy    Book    of   Astronomy. 

Eleventh  Edition.     With  5  Plates. 

By  W.  T.  LYNN,  B.A.  F.R.A.S.,  Member  of  the  British  Astronomical  Association, 

formerly  of  the  Royal  Observatory,  Greenwich, 
Author  of  '  Remarkable  Comets,'  *  Pvemarkable  Eclipses,'  '  Astronomy  for  the  Young,'  &c. 
"  Well  known  as  one  of  our  best  introductions  to  astronomy." — Guardian. 


NINTH  EDITION  IN  THE  PRESS,  fcap.  8vo,  cloth,  price  Sixpence  net. 

REMARKABLE    ECLIPSES: 

A  Sketch  of  the  most  interesting  Circumstances  connected  with  the 
Observation  of  Solar  and  Lunar  Eclipses,  both  in  Ancient  and  Modern  Times. 

By  W.  T.  LYNN,  B.A.  F.R.A.S. 


THIRTEENTH  EDITION,  JUST  OUT,  price  Sixpence,  cloth. 

REMARKABLE      COMETS: 

A  Brief  Survey  of  the  most  interesting  Facts  in  the  History  of  Cometary 

Astronomy. 
By  W.  T.  LYNN,  B.A.  F.R.A.S. 


FIFTH  EDITION,  REVISED  TO  1908,  NOW  READY. 
Fcap.  8vo,  cloth,  price  Sixpence  net. 

ASTRONOMY    FOR    THE    YOUNG. 

By  W.  T.  LYNN,  B.A.  F.R.A.S. 

:  Nothing  better  of  its  kind  has  ever  appeared." — English  Mechanic. 


SECOND  EDITION  NOW  READY,  price  One  Shilling. 

BRIEF    LESSONS    ON    THE     PARABLES 
AND  MIRACLES  OF  OUR  LORD. 

With  an  Appendix  on  the  Names  of  the  Apostles  and  4  Maps. 

By  W.  T.  LYNN,  B.A.  F.R.A.S., 

Associate  of  King's  College,  London,  Lay  Reader  in  the  Diocese  of  Southwark. 

"  That  praiseworthy  little  book." — Guardian,  August  22,  1906. 


SECOND  EDITION  NOW  READY,  price  One  Shilling. 

BIBLE     CHRONOLOGY: 

The  Principal  Events  Recorded  in  the  Holy  Scriptures,  arranged  under  their 

Probable  Respective  Dates,  with  a  Description  of  the  Places  named, 

and  a  Supplement  on  English  Versions. 

By  W.  T.  LYNN,  B.A.  F.R.A.S., 

Associate  of  King's  College,  London,  Lay  Reader  in  the  Diocese  of  Southwark. 
"This  compendious  and  useful  little  work." — Guardian,  March  14,  1900. 


SECOND  EDITION,  fcap.  8vo,  price  Fourpence. 

NEW    TESTAMENT    CHRONOLOGY: 

The  Principal  Events  Recorded  in  the  New  Testament,  arranged  under  their 

Probable  Respective  Dates. 
By    W.     T.     LYNN,     B.A.     F.R.A.S., 

Associate  of  King's  College,  London,  Lay  Reader  in  the  Diocese  of  Southwark. 


London  :   SAMUEL  BAGSTER  &  SONS,  Limited,  15,  Paternoster  Row. 


No.  4191,  Feb.  22,  1908 


THE    ATHENAEUM 


239 


Ask 


for 

20,000 


GREEN 

COPIES    SOLD 


ING'S 

IN     AMERICA! 


Books. 


THE  GOLDEN  HORSESHOE.    By  Robert  Aitken. 

Cloth,  with  Cover  Design  in  Colours  by  SCOTT  CALDER.  6s. 

This  is  a  book  of  remarkable  grip  and  vigour.  It  holds  the  reader  in  a  spell  by  its  sheer  vital  human  interest.  It  is 
one  of  the  strongest  novels  of  the  day.  The  leading  character  stands  out  as  boldly  as  any  figure  in  modern  fiction.  A 
love  story  runs  through  the  book,  and  those  who  like  well-spiced,  stirring,  and  surprising  incident  will  appreciate  this 
remarkable  story.  It  is  "  sensational "  in  the  best  sense  of  the  word,  and  travels  at  a  rapid  pace.  Mr.  Robert  Aitken  is 
an  English  writer  who  has  made  a  great  reputation  both  here  and  in  America  with  his  novels  'Windfalls'  and  'The 
Redding  Straik.'  His  work  is  as  strong,  as  vivid,  and  as  enthralling  as  Rudyard  Kipling's,  with  which  it  has  been  com- 
pared by  the  Athenaeum.  'The  Golden  Horseshoe'  is  undoubtedly  the  best  work  Mr.  Aitken  has  yet  produced,  and 
should  be  read  by  every  one  who  likes  a  strong,  healthy,  clean,  vigorous  novel  without  sex  problem  or  any  kind  of  nasti- 
ness.     Mr.  Robert  Aitken  is  an  author  whose  work  appeals  to  MEN  no  less  than  to  Women. 


THE   GOLDEN  HORSESHOE.     The  Story   of  a 

By  ROBERT  AITKEN. 


Lucky  Strike. 

6s. 


A  REALLY  FUNNY  BOOK. 
THE  GANG. 

Written  and  Illustrated  by  DAVID  WHITELAW.  3s.  6d. 

"Breaks  new  ground  in  fiction." — Standard. 
"Mr.  Whitelaw  writes  in   a  very  fluent,   natural  style, 
and  with  a  strong  sense  of  humour." — Western  Press. 


THE    LOVE   SEEKERS. 

By  MARY  WALPOLE.  6s. 

This  is  a  first  book  by  a  writer  of  considerable  distinction. 
Miss  Walpole  is  said  to  be  a  descendant  of  Horace  Walpole. 
She  writes  with  great  animation,  and  it  is  safe  to  prophesy 
that  her  name  will  become  widely  known  as  a  writer  of 
fiction. 


THE  NEW  GALATEA.    By  Samuel  Gordon.  6a. 

Mr.  Samuel  Gordon  is  to  be  classed  among  the  small  but  noteworthy  band  of  novelists,  including  Maarten  Maartens 
and  Joseph  Conrad,  to  whom  English  is  anacquired  language.  In  fact,  Mr.  Gordon  did  not  speak  or  write  a  word_  of 
English  till  well  in  his  teens.  But  that  did  not  prevent  him  from  earning,  for  his  Jewish  stories,  the  title  of  "The  Jewish 
Kipling."  However,  for  his  novel  'The  New  Galatea'  Mr.  Gordon  has  chosen  a  thoroughly  English  group  of  characters, 
and  handles  a  theme  which  in  its  boldness  is  reminiscent  of  the  most  advanced  continental  writers,  with  a  delicacy 
which  cannot  offend  even  the  most  Puritanical  taste. 


VINCENZO'S   VENDETTA. 

By  JOSEPH  PRAGUE. 
Author  of   'The  Abductors.'  6s. 

Mr.  Prague  has  quite  a  novel  and  individual  style.  His 
book  is  extremely  well  written,  and  deals  with  a  most 
interesting  phase  of  life. 


LEROUX. 

By  the  Hon.  Mrs  WALTER  FORBES.  6s. 

Mrs.  Forbes  is  the  author  of  several  well-known  novels, 
but  it  is  safe  to  say  that  none  of  them  for  vital  human 
interest  is  as  good  as  'Leroux.'  All  fiction  readers  will 
enjoy  this  book. 


BY  A  NEW  AUTHOK  "WHO  "WILL  MAKE  A  NAME. 

THE  HARVEST  OF  DECEIT.    By  Olive  Pemberton. 


6s. 


BY  THE  AUTHOR  OF  'THE  SCARLET  PIMPERNEL.' 

BEAU  BROCADE.    By  the  Baroness  Orczy. 

OVER   15,000    COPIES   SOLD.      SECOND    LARGE    EDITION.      NOW    READY,  6s. 

"  A  gallant  swinging  romance." — Times.        "  The  book  is  a  triumph  of  good,  rushing  narrative." — Morning  Post. 
"  Well  fitted  to  catch  the  popular  fancy." — Scotsman. 

Send  a  post-card  for  Greening's  1908  Catalogue  of  Fiction  and  General  Literature. 

GREENING  &  CO.,  Limited,  91,  St.  Martin's  Lane,  W.C. 


THE    GRAND    CLIMACTERIC. 

'The  grand  climateric  period  was  fixed  at  63  by  the  classical  authors  in  the  Man. 
They  were  not  far  wrong,  except  that  there  is  no  one  year  of  Life  to  which  it  can  be 
strictly  confined ....  There  are  present  in  many  post-climacteric  people  vague  feelings 
of  organic  bodily  discomfort  which  are  difficult  to  analyze  and  impossible  to  name. 
They  do  not  amount  to  pain  nor  to  unhappiness,  but  there  is  a  something  which 
interferes  with  the  full  enjoyment  of  life  and  which  means  that  the  processes  of 
nutrition  and  the  working  of  the  great  internal  organs  connected  with  digestion  are 
not  done  as  well  as  before  and  no  longer  give  conscious  satisfaction.  This  feeling  is 
often  connected  with  a  newly-developed  constipation  of  the  bowels  and  with  a  diminished 
keenness  of  the  appetite  for  food.' — '  The  Hygiene  of  Mind.' — T.  S.  Clouston. 

ENO'S  'FRUIT  SALT' 

will  be  found  at  this  critical  period  of  life  a  valuable  remedy,  gently  coaxing,  as  it  were, 
by  natural  means,  the  enfeebled  functions  back  to  normal  health  and  activity. 

'Accuse  not  Nature,  She  has  done  her  part,  do  thou  thine.'— Milton. 

1  As  Health  is  such  a  blessing,  and  the  very  source  of  all  pleasure,  it  may  be  worth  the  pains 
to  discover  the  region  where  it  grows,  the  springs  that  feed  it,  the  customs  and  methods  by  which 
it  is  best  cultivated  and  preserved.' — Sir  W.  Temple. 

CAUTION.— Examine  the  capsule,  and  see  that  it  is  marked  ENO'S  • FRUIT  SALT.' 
Without  it  you  have  the  sincerest  form  of  flattery — IMITATION. 

Prepared  only  by  J.  C.  ENO  (Limited),  'FRUIT  SALT'  WORKS,  LONDON,  S.E. 

NEXT  WEEK'S  ATHENiEUM  will  contain 
Eeviews  of  COLERIDGE'S  POEMS  AND 
BIOORAPHIA  LITEBARIA  and  MR.  NOEL 
WILLIAMS'S  A  PRINCESS  OF 
INTRIGUE. 


International  Competition  of  the 
Carnegie  Foundation. 


NOW   COMPLETE    IN  EIGHT   PARTS 

(14£  in.  by  19  in.), 

Enclosed  in  cloth  portfolio,  £4  4s.  net  per  copy. 

THE 

PALACE  OF  PEACE 

AT  THE  HAGUE. 

THE  SIX  PREMIATED  AND  FORTY  OTHER 
DESIGNS  (OVER  ONE  HUNDRED  DRAW- 
INGS) CHOSEN  BY  THE  SOCIETY  OF 
ARCHITECTURE  AT  AMSTERDAM  AND 
REPRODUCED  UNDER  ITS  DIRECTION. 

May  be    seen  at    the    Leading 
Booksellers'  or  the  Publishers'. 

DETAILED  PROSPECTUS,  GIVING  LIST  OF 
ARCHITECTS    WHOSE    DESIGNS    ARE   RE- 
PRODUCED, ON  APPLICATION. 


London  :  T.  C.  &  E.  C.  JACK, 
16,  Henrietta  Street,  W.C.  ;  and  Edinburgh. 

THE   BUILDER    (founded    1842),    4,    Catherine 
Street,  London.  W.C,  FEBRUARY  33,  contains  :— 
THE  DETERIORATION  OP  STONEWORK. 
THE  AQUEDUCTS  OF  ANCIENT  ROME.    VII. 
FOUNDATIONS    AND    THE    USE    OF    THE    GROUTIN 

MACHINE  (Institute  of  Architects). 
ROYAL  ACADEMY  LECTURES  ON  ARCHITECTURE. 
HELLENIC  SOCIETY. 
THE  PREVALENCE  OF  DRY  ROT. 
ILLUSTRATIONS  :- 

COMPETITION    DESIGN    FOR    THE    LONDON    COUNTY" 

HALL,  BY  MR.  W.  FLOCKHART. 
DESIGN    FOR   A   CUSTOMHOUSE    ON    A    QUAY   (Soane 
Medallion  Prize  Design). 

From  Offices  as  above  [4d.,  by  post  4§(/. ),  at  Rail- 
way Bookstalls,  Bookshops,  and  of  all  Newsagents. 

Demy  Svo,  cloth,  15s.  net. 

rp  II  E      HISTORY      OF       ASSAM. 

By    E.    A.    GAIT,    Indian   Civil   Service. 

With  Photogravure  Plates  anil  a  Map. 

Contents  .-—Prehistoric  and  Traditional  Rulers.  The- 
Period  from  the  Seventh  to  the  Twelfth  Centuries.  Events 
of  Thirteenth  to  Fifteenth  Centuries  (excluding  Ahotn 
History).  The  Koch  Kings.  The  Rise  of  the  Ahoni 
Kingdom.  The  Period  of  the  Muhanimadan  Wars.  The 
Climacteric  of  Ahoin  Rule.  Tho  Decay  and  Full  of  the 
Ahoni  Kingdom.  The  A  horn  System  of  Government.  The 
Kacharis.  The  Jainlia  Kings.  Manipur.  Sylhet.  The 
Burmese  'War.  Consolidation  of  British  Rule.  Relations 
with  Frontier  Tribes.  Important  Events  of  Recent  Times 
Growth  of  Tea  Industry. 

w.  THACKER  &  CO.  2,  Creed  Laos,  E.c. 

TTIK     NEW     TALMUD 

Translated   from   the   Original   Tezl    into  English 

By  Dr.  MICHAEL  L.  BODKIN80M 

(The  only  Translation   to   the   World). 

rniiK    BABYLON    TALMUD    IX    ENGLISH 

-*-  AND 

THE   HISTORY   OF  THE  TALMUD. 

Subscriptions    taken    Cash    or    Instalment. 
PtVtptOtiU    Firr. 

the  new  TALMUD  PUBLISHING  CO., 
1 7 : t .  Colonial  Building,  Boston,  Mass. 


240 


T  II  E     AT  II  KX;KUM 


No.  4191,  Feb.  22,  1908 


J.  M  DENT  &  COS   PUBLICATIONS 


ST.  CATHERINE    OF   SIENA.      By  Edmund  G.  Gardner, 

Author  of  'The    Story   of  Florence, '  &c.      With  an  Appendix  containing  some  hitherto    UNPUBLISHED 

LETTERS  <>!    St.    Catherine.       A   Study   in    the   Italiao    Religion,  Literature,  and    History    of    the    Fourteenth 

Century.      Illustrated  in  Photogravure.      166.   net. 

"St.  Cat herine  has  been  the  theme  of  a  good  many  recent  hooks But  the  most  elaborate  and  comprehensive  biography  is  that  of  Mr.  Edmund   Q. 

Gardner,  who  write*  with  obvious  sympathy  and  with  a  full  knowledge  of  all  the  materials An  interesting  book." — Daily  Telegraph. 

"  No  better  interpretation  either  of  the  character  of  St.  Catherine  or  the  great  part  which  she  played  in  Italy  in  the  dramatic  century  in  which  hi 
was  cast  has  ever  appeared  in  the  English  language." — Standard. 


FLOWER  GROUPING  IN   ENGLISH,    SCOTCH,    AND    IRISH     the  mediaeval  town  series. 


the  Hon.    EMILY  LAWLESS,  WALTER  P.  WEIGHT, 

50'  Illustrations  in  Colour  and    Notes  by  MARGARET 


GARDENS.  Text  by  ROM'.  KINGSLEY.  "  E.  V.  IS. 
P.  GALSWORTHY,  W.  RICHMOND  POWELL,  ax 
WATERFIELD.    Square  crown  4to,  11.  is.  net. 

"A  very  handsome  volume,  finely  illustrated  with  pieturings  of  what  has  been  done  in  many  gardens  of  the  United 
Kingdom.  Miss  Watertteld  has  had  the  help  of  able  contributors,  and  has  given  garden-lovers  not  only  a  book,  but  an 
ideal,  nay,  many  [deals." — Spectator. 

"Miss  Watertteld  has  had  the  passport  of  talent  through  many  of  the  most  beautiful  and  famous  gardens  in  the 
three  kingdoms,  and  has  put  their  attractions  on  record  with  a  grace  and  fidelity  that  lack  little  of  the  original,  save  the 
perfume  and  the  sunshine." — Pall  Mall  Gazette. 

V  A  Companion  Volume  to  '  GARDEN  COLOUR,'  now  in  its  FOURTH  EDITION. 


A  Series  of  "Literary  Guide-Books"  dealing 
specially  with  the  story  of  each  town.  Numerous 
Topographical  Drawings,  Reproductions  from 
Paintings  and  Sculptures  are  given,  together  with 
Maps  and  Plans. 

Bound  in  grey  cloth,  and  in  limp  green  paste  grain, 
roan  bindings,  size  7  by  4|  inch 

NEW  VOLUME  NEARLY  READY. 


GARDEN    COLOUR.      By  Mrs.   C.  W.   Earle,  "E.  V.  B.,"  Rose    MILAN.       By    Ella    Noyes. 


KINGSLEY,   Hon.  VICARY  GIBBS,  <fcc.    With  over  50  Full-Page  Coloured  Illustrations  from  Water-Colour 
Drawings  by  MARGARET  WATERFIELD.     Square  crown  4to,  11.  Is.  net.  [Fourth  Edition. 

The  most  successful  colour  book  of  recent  years. 

"Full  of  '  verbal '  colour  and  enthusiasm,  this  work  will  come  as  a  great  treat  into  the  hands  of  any  person  with  a  true 
love  of  flowers.  It  will  be  doubly  acceptable  to  those  who  take  a  keen  personal  interest  in  the  growth  of  their  flowers, 
having  a  value  far  transcending  that  of  the  merely  practical  handbook." — Daily  Telegraph. 

NATURE'S  OWN  GARDENS.    By  Maud  U.  Clark.    51  Coloured 

Illustrations  and  many  Line  Drawings  by  the  Author.     Square  crown  4to,  11.  Is.  net 
"  The  author  is  not  only  an  artist  with  a  special  gift  for  flower  pictures,  she  has  also  the  poetic  instinct,  and  writes  of 
her  subjects  with  magnetic  enthusiasm. . .  .A  book  which  every  one  can  read  and  view  with  delight." — Standard. 

JAMES   FRANCIS   EDWARD,  the   Old   Chevalier.      By  Martin 

HAILE,  Author  of 'Mary  of  Modena,  Queen  of  James  IL'    Illustrated  in  Photogravure.    16s.  net. 

"  We  are  privileged  to  read  in  this  book  for  the  first  time  much  that  has  hitherto  been  unpublished This  book  is 

■worthy  of  the  closest  attention." — Daily  News. 

"Mr.  Haile  is  to  be  cordially  congratulated.  His  monograph,  beautifully  produced  and  illustrated,  represents  an 
honest,  painstaking,  and  distinguished  piece  of  work.... In  the  future,  whenever  Stuart  and  Orange  periods  are  under 
consideration,  Mr.  Haile's  estimate  will  have  to  be  reckoned  with. . .  .His  well-written  and  picturesque  study  will  be  read 
and  discussed  by  those  responsible  for  a  just  view  of  history  for  years  to  come." — Daily  Telegraph. 

"  Mr.  Haile  has  written  a  scholarly  and  valuable  book." — Standard. 

V  This  volume  forms  a  sequel  to  the  same  Author's  '  MARY  OF  MODENA, 

QUEEN  OF  JAMES  II.' 


of  Empire  in  Southern  Lands.  By  Prof.  G.  C. 
HENDERSON,  M.A.,  of  Adelaide  University.  With 
numerous  Portraits,  Illustrations,  and  Maps,  cloth, 
12a  M.  net.  [Prospectus  post  free. 

"  A  remarkable  book  about  a  remarkable  man." 

Daily  News. 
"A  valuable  contribution  to  the  history  of  the  British 
Empire." — Athencewn. 

"  The  book  is  a  valuable  contribution  to  Imperial  History 
and  to  the  philosophy  of  Imperialism.  It  enables  the 
student  to  understand  Sir  George  Grey's  remarkable  per- 
sonality and  career  better  than  before." — Morning  1'ost. 

"Professor  Henderson's  remarkably  able  study  of  a 
distinguished  man  might  serve  as  a  model  to  future 
biographies." — Daily  Telegraph. 


HENRY  BRYAN  BINNS,  Author  of  'A  Life  of  Walt 
Whitman.'  With  many  Portraits  and  other  Illustra- 
tions, crown  Svo,  cloth,  4*.  6d.  net 

(New  Volume  in  "  The  Temple  Biographies.") 

"  A  careful  and  interesting  study  of  President  Lincoln. 
He  tells  us  more  than  the  ordinary  biographer  of  the 
intimate  personal  life." — Westminster  Gazette. 

"  An  excellent  piece  of  work,  telling  with  sympathy, 
with  restraint,  and  often  with  a  fine  insight,  one  of  the 
most  romantic  of  life-stories." — Daily  News. 


TWO    INTERESTING    BIOGRAPHIES. 

SIR  GEORGE  GREY :    Pioneer  ABRAHAM    LINCOLN.     By 


4*.  Qd.  net  cloth  ;  os.  6d.  net  leather. 

CITIES  OF  ITALY.    By  Arthur 

SYMOXS.  A  Collection  of  Essays  dealing 
with  Rome,  the  Improvement  of  Rome, 
Venice,  the  Waters  of  Venice,  Naples, 
Ravenna,  Pisa,  Siena,  Verona,  Bologna,  Ber- 
gamo, Lorenzo  Lotto,  Brescia,  and  Rou- 
manino :  and  'On  a  Rembrandt  in  Milan.' 
Crown  8vo,  4s.  6d.  net. 
"  The  author  has   many  gifts    which   give   his 

essays  distinction  and  charm." — Daily  Telegraph. 
"  Mr.    Symons   is   always  picturesque,  and  his 

book  is  a  delightful  record  of  pleasant  hours  in  a 

sunny  land." — Manchester  Guardian. 

» 

OLD  AND  NEW  JAPAN.      By 

CLIVE  HOLLAND,  Author  of  '  Thing?   - 
in  Japan,"  &c.     With  oO  Illustrations  in  Colour 
by  MONTAGUE  SMYTH.     Cloth,  los.  net. 
[  Prospect  us  post  free. 

"  Full  acquaintance  with  his  subject  is  the  happy 

possession    of   the   author Even    without    Mr. 

Smyth's   pictures,    Mr.    Holland's  book  would   be 
attractive,  with  them  it  is  simply  irresistible." 

Truth. 

"  Conjures  up  with  success  almost  every  aspect 

— past  and  present — of  Japanese  life Beautifully 

illustrated." — Sta7idard. 


THE  OLD  VENETIAN  PALACES  AND  OLD  VENETIAN  FOLK. 

By  THOMAS  OKEY,  Author  of  '  Venice  and  its  Story  '  (now  in  its  Third  Edition).  With  50  Illustrations  in  Colour 
and  many  in  Line  by  TREVOR  HADDON,  R.B.A.,  and  several  Reproductions  from  the  Works  of  JOHN  Rl'SKIN. 
4 to,  cloth,  U  Is.  net.  [Prospectus  post  free. 

"  A  volume  of  quite  exceptional  charm  and  interest Mr.  Haddon's  illustrations  are  very  beautiful ;  he  has  caught 

the  true  inwardness  of  Venetian  scenery. . .  .Certainly  a  book  to  possess." — Guardian. 

"  Lovers  of  Venice  and  students  of  her  ancient  architecture  will  wisely  pack  in  their  bags  against  their  next  visit 
Mr.  Okey's  volume."— Outlook. 

"  A  sumptuous  book . . .  .There  could  hardly  be  a  finer  gift  for  the  art  lover."— Globe. 
"  A  very  thorough  study a  learned  volume.    It  is  also  a  human  one."— Standard. 


THE  OLD  SILVER  SACRAMENTAL  VESSELS   OF  FOREIGN 

PROTESTANT  CHURCHES  IN  ENGLAND.    Rv  B.  ALFRED  JONES,  Author  of  'A  Catalogue  of  the  Royal 
Plate  at   Windsor  Castle,'  'Old    English   Cold    Plate,'  Ac.      Illustrated  by   4  Photogravures   and   IS   Half-Tone 
Illustrations.     Royal  4to,  ll.  Is.  net 
"Some  admirably   produced  illustrations  of  seventeenth  and  eighteenth  century  examples  adorn   this  attractive 
book."—  Westminster  Gazette. 


VASARI      ON      TECHNIQUE. 

Translated  into  English  for  the  first  time  by 
L.  S.  MACLEHOSE.  The  Translation 
Revised  and  an  Introduction  and  Commcntai  v 
added  by  Prof.  BALDWIN  BROWN.  With 
Coloured  and  other  Illustrations,  square 
demy  Svo,  15s.  net.        [Prospectus  post  j 

This  volume  presents  the  thirty-five  chapters 
forming  the  Introduction  to  Vasari's  '  Lives.' 
These  chapters  have  never  before  been  translated 
out  of  the  Italian  into  any  other  modern  European 
language,  in  spite  of  their  enormous  value  to  all 
students  of  art. 

"Miss  MacLehose  has  succeeded  admirably  in 
her  exceptionally  difficult  task  of  rendering  into 
English  equivalents  the  obscure  and  sometimes 
obsolete  Italian  technical  terms,  and  Prof.  Brown's 
copious  and  scholarly  notes  are  of  great  interest 
and  value." — Manchester  Guardian, 


J.  M.  DENT   &  CO.,  Aldine  House,  29,  Bedford  Street,  London,  W.C. 


Editorial  Communications  should  be  addressed  to  'THE  EDITOR"— Advertisement*  and  Business  Letters  to  "TUB  PUBLISHERS'- at  the  Office.  Breams  Buildings,  Chancel  v  Um  RG 
Published  Weekly  by  JOHN  C.  FRANCIS  and  J.  EDWARD  FRANCIS  at  Bream's  Buildings,  Chancery  Lane.  E.O.,  and  Printed  bj  J.  EDWARD  FRANCIS,  Atheassum  PrcM,  Bream's  Buildings.  Chancery  Lane,  E.C. 

Agents  for  Scotland,  Messrs.  BELL  A  BRAD*  JTE  and  Mr.  JOHN  MEN/.IES,  Edinburgh— Saturday.  February  £2,  IMS. 


THE  ATHEN^UM 


f  0tmtal  nf  (BngUsIj  ani)  Jfnmjn  fitoatarc,  Sbtimtt,  tht  $'mt  ^rts,  JKttHt  attJrtfee  JBratna, 


No.  4192. 


SATURDAY,   FEBRUARY  29,  1908. 


PRICE 
THREEPENCE. 

REGISTERED  AS  A  NEWSPAPER. 


BRITISH  MUSEUM. 

The    READING  KOOMS  will  be  CLOSED  from  MONDAY, 
March  2,  to  THURSDAY,  March  5,  inclusive. 

E.  MAUNDE  THOMPSON,  Director  and  Principal  Librarian. 
British  Museum,  February  24, 1908. 


Jjfcciuris. 


ROYAL  INSTITUTION  OF  GREAT  BRITAIN, 
ALBEMARLE  STREET,  PICCADILLY,  W. 

THURSDAY  NEXT.  March  5.  at  3  o'clock.  Prof.  Sir  JOHN  RHYS, 
M.A.  D.Litt..  FIRST  of  TWO  LECTURES  on  'Early  British  History 
and  Epigraphy.'    Haifa-Guinea  the  Course. 

SATURDAY,  March  7.  at  3  o'clock.  Prof.  J.  J.  THOMSON,  LL.D. 
F.R.S.,  FIRST  of  SIX  LECTURES  on  'Electric  Discharges  through 
GaaeB.'    One  Guinea. 

Subscription  to  all  the  Courses  in  the  Season  Two  Guineas. 

Tickets  may  be  obtained  at  the  Office  of  the  Institution. 

QCHOOL     OF     SOCIOLOGY    AND    SOCIAL 

O  ECONOMICS.  63.  64.  DENISON  HOU8E,  296,  VAUXHALL 
BRIDGE  ROAD,  S.W.-SIX  LECTURES  on  'Some  Sociological 
Problems  In  the  United  States'  will  be  given  by  Mr.  J.  GRAHAM 
BROOKS,  President,  American  Social  Science  Association,  at  4.30  h.m., 
on  consecutive  TUESDAYS,  beginning  March  3.  Course  Ticket.  58. 
Single  Admission,  is.— Further  particulars  may  be  had  from  the 
HON.  SECRETARY. 

GRESHAM  COLLEGE,  Basinghall  Street,  E.C. 
-FOUR  FREE  LECTURES  on  'The  Former  Gresham  Pro- 
fessors of  Physic.'and  on  'Tuberculosis'  (THREE),  by  theGRESHAM 
PROFESSOR  OF  PHYSIC,  on  MARCH  2,  3,  5.  and  0,  at  6  o'clock  p.m. 


^rolii&ettt  Unstititiians. 

THE       BOOKSELLERS'       PROVIDENT 
INSTITUTION. 
President-CHARLES  JAMES  LONGMAN,  Esq. 
Treasurer-WILLIAM  ELLERBY  GREEN,  Esq. 

CHARLES  AWDRY,  Esq.,  FREDERICK  MACMILLAN,  Esq., 
HENRY  HILL  HODGSON,  Esq.,  ARTHUR  EDWARD  MILES,  Esq. 

The  DIRECTORS  have  much  pleasure  in  announcing  that  the 
ANNUAL  MEETING  of  the  SI  EMBERS  of  the  INSTITUTION  will 
be  held  at  STATIONERS'  HALL  on  THURSDAY,  March  12  next, 
at  7  p.m. 

The  Meeting  will  be  followed  by  a  Conversazione,  at  which  the 
Right  Hon.  the  LORD  ALVERSTONE,  the  Lord  Chief  Justice  of 
England,  has  kindly  promised  to  deliver  an  Address. 

Non-Memliers  of  the  Institution  are  invited  to  be  present.     The 
Concert  will  follow  immediately  after  the  Meeting.    Morning  Dre6s. 
GEORGE  LARNER,  Secretary. 


N 


EWSVENDORS'  BENEVOLENT  AND 

PROVIDENT  INSTITUTION. 

Founded  1S39. 

Funds    exceed   27.000?. 

Office :  15  and  16,  Farringdon  Street,  London,  E.C. 

Patron : 

The  Right  Hon.  THE  EARL  OF  ROSEEERY,  K.G.  K.T. 

President : 
THE    LORD    GLENESK. 

Treasurer : 
THE  LONDON  AND  WESTMINSTER  BANK,  LIMITED. 

OBJECTS.— This  Institution  wan  established  in  1839  in  the  City  of 
London,  under  the  Presidency  of  the  late  Alderman  Hornier,  for 
granting    Pensions    and    Temporary    Assistance    to    principals    and 

ssistanti  engaged  as  vendors  of  Newspapers. 

MEMBERSHIP.— Every  Man  or  Woman  throughout  the  United 
Kingdom,  whether  Publisher,  Wholesaler,  Retailer,  Employer,  or 
Employed,  is  entitled  to  become  a  Member  of  this  Institution,  and 
enjoy  ill  benefit*,  upon  payment  of  Five  Shillings  annually,  or  Three 
Guineas  for  life,  provided  that  he  or  6hc  is  engaged  in  the  sale  of 
Newspapers,  and  such  Members  who  thus  contribute  secure  priority 
..f  consideration  In  the  event  of  their  needing  aid  from  the  Institution. 

PENSIONS— The  Annuitants  now  number  Thirty-six,  the  Men 
nig  261.  and  the  Women  20!.  per  annum  each. 

The  "  Royal  Victoria  Pension  Fund,"  commemorating  the  great 
advantages  the  News  Trade  enjoyed  under  the  rule  of  Her  late 
Majesty  Queen  Victoria,  provides  201.  a  year  each  for  Six  Widows  of 
Newsvenuors. 

The  "  Fraiw  is  Fund  "  provides  Pensions  for  One  Man,  261.,  and  One 
Woman,  20!.,  and  was  specially  subscribed  in  memory  of  the  late  John 
is,  who  died  on  April  6,  1882,  and  was  for  more  than  fifty  years 
Publisher  of  the  Athtnomm,  He  took  an  active  and  leading  part 
throughout  the  whole  jieriod  of  the  agitation  for  the  repeal  of  the 
various  then  existing  "  Taxes  on  Knowledge,"  and  was  for  very  many 
vars  ;i  staunch  mpimrterof  this  Institution. 

The  "Horace  Marshall  Pension  Fund  '  is  the  gift  of  the  late  Sir. 
.  Krooks  Marshall.  The  employe*  of  that  firm  have  primary 
rightof  election  to  its  benefits. 

The  "Herbert  Lloyd  Pension  Fund"  provides  gfft,  per  annum  for 
one  in  m.  in  perpetual  and  grateful  memory  of  Mr.  Herbert  Lloyd, 
who  died  May  IS,  1899. 

The  principal  features  of  the  Rules  governing  election  to  all  Pensions 
are,  that  each  Candidate  shall  have  been  Ills  Memberof  the  Institu- 
tions for  not  less  than  ten  years  preceding  application  ;  (SJ  not  lass 
than  fifty  five  years  of  age  ;  (3)  engaged  in  the  sale  of  Newspapers  for  at 
■i  rears 

RELIEF.— Temporary  relief  is  given  in  cases  of  distress,  not  only 
to  Members  of  the  Institution,  bat  to  ffewvendon  or  their  servant! 
who  may  Ik-  recommended  ioi  assistance  by  Members oi  Hm-  Institu- 
tion. Inquiry  is  made  In  such  cases  by  Visiting  Committees,  and 
relief  Is  awarded  in  accordance  with  the  ui-ritsand  requirements  of 
eachease.  W.  WIl.KIH  Jones.  Secretary. 


(Exhibitions. 


ROYAL   SOCIKTY   OF  PAINTER-ETCH KRX 
AND  ENGRAVERS.  Ha.  Pall  Hall  East.  8.W.— flSra  ANNUAL 
EXHIBITION  NOW  OPEN,  10-8.     Admission  Is. 

W.  P.  I).  STEBBING,  Secretary. 


DOYAL     ACADEMY     OF     ARTS. 

IX  WINTER    EXHIBITION. 

Work  by  Old  Masters  and  Deceased  Masters  of  the  British  School, 
including  Special  Collections  of  Pictures  by  Hogarth  and  the  late 
J.  C.  Hook,  R.A. 

Open  from  9  a.m.  to  6  p.m.  Admission  Is.  Catalogue  6u\  Season 
Ticket  5s. 


Q     P    A    N    I    S    H 

A  R  T 

ri     A    L    L    E    R    Y, 

50,     CONDUIT    STREET,     LONDON,    W. 

ART    DEALERS    AND    IMPORTERS 
OF    ANTIQUITIES     FROM     SPAIN. 

Antique  Embroideries,  Brocades, 
Velvets,  Persian  Rugs,  Armour, 
Furniture,  Gothic  Pictures, 
China,      Silver,      Enamels,     &c. 

RARE      MUSEUM      OBJECTS. 


(6  Durational. 


FRANCES  MARY  BUSS  MEMORIAL 
SCHOLARSHIP. 

A  TRAVELLING  SCHOLARSHIP  of  SO!,  will  be  AWARDED  in 
MAY  NEXT,  for  puriioses  of  Educational  Study  Abroad,  to  a 
WOMAN  fully  qualified  as  a  Secondary  School  Teacher. 

Candidates  should  hold  (1)  a  University  Degree  or  its  equivalent  ; 
CJI  a  Certificate  of  Efficiency  as  a  Teacher ;  (.1)  nave  experience  of  five 
years'  Teaching  in  a  Secondary  School;  (4)  should  undertake  to  carry 
out  a  satisfactory  scheme  of  study  abroad  and  reiiort  thereon. 

Applications,  with  five  copies  of  not  more  than  three  recent 
Testimonials,  to  he  made,  before  APRIL  1.  1908,  to  THE  SECRE- 
TARY, F.M.B.  Memorial  Scholarship.  North  London  Collegiate 
School  for  Girls,  Sandall  Road,  Loudon,  N.W. 

MERCHANT  TAYLORS'  SCHOOL,  Charter- 
house Square,  E.C.-FIVE  ENTRANCE  SCHOLARSHIPS 
for  BOYS  under  14  years  of  age  on  June  11.  1908.  will  be  competed  for 
on  JUNE  30  and  JULY  1,  2.  An  ORDINARY  ENTRANCE  EXA- 
MINATION will  be  held  on  APRIL  8,  at  1.30  p.m.— For  particulars 
apply  to  THE  SECRETARY. 


T 


HE     LONDON     HOSPITAL     MEDICAL 

COLLEGE . 

IUNIVERSITY  OF  LONDON.) 

PRELIMINARY  SCIENTIFIC  EXAMINATION. 

Special  arrangements  are  made  to  suit  the  convenience  of  Students 

who  have  just  passed  the  Matriculation  Examination  of  the  University 

of  London,  and  who  are  anxious  to  commence  studying  for  the  above 

Examination  without  loss  of  time, 

Students  Matriculating  in  January  may  thus  enter  at  once  without 
any  break  in  their  Studies,  so  that  they  may  be  able  to  present  them- 
selves for  the  Preliminary  Scientific  Examination  at  the  earliest 
lwssible  date. 

Zoology  and  Botany.  By  G.  P.  MUDGE,  A.R.C.S.  F.Z.S.,  and  R.  A. 
BUDDICOM,  B.A.Oxon. 

Chemistry  and  Physics.    By  nUGH  CANDY,  B.A.  B.Sc.Lond..  and 
O.  W.  GRIFFITHS,  B.Sc.Lond. 
Fee  for  the  whole  Course,  Ten  Guineas. 

MUNRO  SCOTT,  Warden. 
Turner  Street,  Mile  End,  E. 

THE  DOWNS  SCHOOL,  SEAFORD,  SUSSEX. 
Head  Mistress-Miss  LUCY  ROBINSON,  M.A.  date  Second  Mis- 
tress St.  Felix  School,  Southwoldi  References:  The  Principal  of 
Bedford  College,  London  ;  The  Master  of  PeterhotlM,  Cambridge 

T  ECTURES  in  MODERN  ITALIAN  LITKRA- 

Ij    TURE  lin  Italianl.  by  Signorina  PAVAN  (Diplomas  Padnal.— 


*_^        I   |     it  I .    <  1  M    I  '  a  n  a  o  i.      iv     -IK '     *   rh  »  n  ,.     i  ■ ',, ^     ,  .•>,.,.,  ,,  — 

Particulars  of  these  and  Lectures  In  other  Languages  on  application 

I.,   the    European    Languages  Club,  88,  Charing  Cross,  S.W.      W.   D. 
LAURIE,  MA,  Ag.  Bee. 

EDUCATION. 
Parents  or  Guardians  desiring  accurate  information  relative  In 
the  CHOICE  ol  SCHOOLS  for  Itovs  or  GIRLS  or 
TUTORS  In  England  or  Abroad 
are  invited  to  mil  upon  or  send  f nil v  detailed  particulars  to 
MESSRS  GABBITAS,  tiiking  ,t  00  . 
whofor  more  than  thirty  years  have  been  closely  in  touch  with  (he 
leading  Educational  Establishments. 
Advil       frw      l  'liupc.  is  given  by  Mr    TURING,  Nephew  of  (he 

-i  Master  of  rppinghai.  .  :«.  Backrille  Street,  London,  w 


Yearly  Subscription,  free  by  post,  Inland, 
15s.  3d. ;  Foreign,  18s.  Entered  at  the  New 
York  Post  Office  as  Second  Class  matter. 


EDUCATION  (choice  of  Schools  and  Tutors 
Gratis).  Prospectuses  of  English  and  Continental  Schools,  and 
of  successful  Army,  Civil  Service,  and  University  Tutors,  sent  ifree 
of  charge)  on  receipt  of  requirements  bv  GRIFFITHS,  SMITH. 
POWELL  &  SMITH,  School  Agents  (established  1833),  34,  Bedford 
Street,  Strand,  W.C. 


T 


Situations  Vacant 

IE       UNIVERSITY       OF       SHEFFIELD. 


APPOINTMENT  OF  LECTURER  IN  GEOGRAPHY. 
The    COUNCIL   are    about   to  appoint  a  LECTURER   in   GEO- 
GRAPHY.   Applications  to  be  sent  in  by  MARCH  14,  lfiOS.— Further 
particulars  may  be  obtained  from 

W.  M.  GIBBONS,  Registrar. 

T  ECTURESHIP  IN  TAMIL  AND  TELUGU 

U  AT  OXFORD. 

The  DELEGACY  for  superintending  the  instruction  of  Indian 
Civil  Service  Probationers  at  the  University  of  Oxford  will  proceed 
shortly  to  appoint  a  LECTURER  in  the  TAMIL  and  TELUGU 
LANGUAGES. 

The  Salary  is  160'.  a  year.  In  addition  Fees  are  paid  by  Students 
according  to  a  fixed  scale. 

The  appointment  will  be  made  for  one  year  only,  but  the  holder  of 
the  Office  is  eligible  for  reappointment  annually. 

Candidates  are  requested  to  send  their  applications  and  Testi- 
monials to  the  UNIVERSITY  REGISTRAR,  Oxford.  Applications 
must  be  sent  in  so  as  to  reach  Oxford  not  later  than  MAY  1,  1908. 
They  should  state  the  age  of  the  Applicant,  and  whether  or  not  he  is 
willing  to  I'eside  ill  Oxford. 

The  successful  Candidate  may  be  required  to  commence  work  at  the 
beginning  of  Michaelmas  Term,  1908. 


u 


NIVERSITY  COLLEGE  OF  SOUTH  WALES 

AND  MONMOUTHSHIRE, 

COLEG  PRIFATHROFAOL  DEHEUDIR  CYMRU  A  MYNWY, 
CAERDYDD. 

The  COUNCIL  of  the  COLLEGE  invites  application  for  the  post  of 
PROFESSOR  of  GREEK,  at  the  annual  Salary  of  350i. 

Further  particulars  may  be  obtained  from  the  undersigned,  to 
whom  applications,  with  Testimonials,  should  he  sent  on  or  before 
SATURDAY.  May  >,  1908. 

J.  AUSTIN  JENKINS,  B.A.,  Registrar. 

February  7, 1908. 


C 


OUNTY       OF       LONDON. 


The  LONDON  COUNTY'  COUNCIL  invites  applications  for  the  post 
of  NON-RESIDENT  LECTURER  in  HISTORY  and  GEOGRAl'H  \ 
at  AVERY  HILL  TRAINING  COLLEGE.  ELTHAM.  The  person 
appointed  will  also  he  required  to  supervise  the  School  Practice  of 
Students  in  the  Principal  Subjects  of  the  Elementary  School  Course. 

The  Salary  attaching  to  the  post  will  commence  at  180?.  a  year,  and 
will  rise  by  annual  increments  of  10/.,  subject  to  satisfactory  service, 
to  a  maximum  of  VJ50?.  a  year. 

Applications  should  he  made  on  Form  T.S.  M,  to  be  obtained, 
together  with  particulars  of  the  appointment,  from  the  clerk  of  the 
London  County  Council,  Education  Offices,  Victoria  Emlmnkiueiit, 
W.C.  to  whom  they  must  he  returned  not  later  than  11  v.m .,  on 
March  16, 1908,  accompanied  by  copies  of  three  Testimonials  of  recent 
date. 

All  communications  on  the  subject  must  be  endorsed  "Lecturer  In 
History  and  Geography,  "and  a  Ramped  addressed  envelope  must  be 
enclosed. 

Canvassing,  either  directly  or  indirectly,  will  be  held  to  lie  a  dis- 
qualification for  employment. 

Full  particulars  of  appointments  in  the  Council's  service  are  given 
in  the  London  County  Council  Qatetta,  which  is  published  weekly,  and 
can  I.- obtained  from  the  Council's  Publishers.  Messrs  P.  S  King  ,t 
Son.  '2  and  4.  Great  Smith  Street.  Westminster.  S.W.,  price  (including 
Postage),  Id.  an  issue,  or,  for  the  year,  a  prepaid  subscription  of 
6s.  fid. 

O.  L.  GOMME,  Cleik  of  the  London  County  Council. 

Education  Offices.  Victoria  Embankment,  W.C. 
February  20,  1808, 


pOUNTY    BOROUGH    OF     SUNDERLAND. 

MUNICIPAL    TECHNICAL    COLLEGE. 
The  COUNCIL  are  prepared  to  receive  applications  for  the  position 
of  PRINCIPAL  of  the  above-named  COLLEQH  it  he  standard  of  which 
is  that  of  a   University  College),  al    •   Salary  of  H01.  per  annum      No 
Fees.      The  Person  appointed  will  l>e  rciinire.l  to  devote  his  whole 
time  to  the  duties  of  the  Office,  and   to  l>c  a  Gradual''  of  a   British 
University,  prepared  to  take  an  active  part  in  the  Teaching  Work  of 
the  College  in  one  of  the  following  subjects  :— 
Applied  Mathematics. 
Chemist  iv 

Electa  i.  al  Engineering. 
Mechanical  Engineering. 
Naval  An  hid  I  lure. 
Physics. 
Canvassing  Members  of  the  Council,  directly  or  Indirectly,   until 
after  the  (list  •election  by  the  Committee  of  Candidates,  will  disqualify 
the  applicant  on  whose  behalf  such  canvassing  shall  have  Wrn  made. 

Application!,  In  writing,  stating  which  Subject  the  Candidate 
proposes  to  teach,  accompanied  by  not  more  than  six  i 
Original  Testimonials  (which  will  be  returned),  addressed  t"  the 
undersigned, al  the  Town  ll ail.  Bnnderland,  and  endorsed  "Technical 
College,  Appointment  of  Principal,"  In  the  left  hand  corner  of  the 
envelope,  Mill  be  received  up  to,  but  not  later  than.  19  noon  on 
MONDAY,  Man  h  S3  ne\t. 

FRAS    M,  r."\Vr.Y.  Town  f  lcrk. 
Town  Hall.  Bnnderland,  February  18.  1908. 


o  10 

-    I    _ 


THE     ATIIENvEUM 


No.  H92,  Feb.  29,  1908 


IIKAH  MASTER- 


QHREv\  SBl  RY     mii<m>l 

JO  BHIP. 

The  GOVERNING   BOD1   live  notice  thai  the  HEAD-MAI 
BHIPofMHKKWSHl  IIV  Ml  I.  Mil.  «j||U\  v.    LNTatthel  LUHBol 
the  SI  MM  Kit  TERM    '   m.ll.lntrn.  who  must  I*  Mnaters  of  ArU 

i                         :     ,     ,   ui  ,.(  Oxford  "i   of  *'nn> 
In   thrii   apj.lt.  .1 s,   Dot    l;«t. 


I   1.. 

m    now. 


i  ii  .ii 


mm:,  ii  M    now.1'.  Bwan  Hill.  BhrewsDuiT.  from  whom 

full  Information  «it).  regard  to  the  |ioat  can  lie  obtained.    Each 


I'lld     III     thell     applli    .til 

W  .  I,    -»  .1.    Hill.    Mil." 

D  Ik  obi  dnea.    Km.1i  apnll- 
rant    should    state    hii   ate.    University    distinctions,   and    present 
...I  .I.. .ui.i  gire  thi  :  addresses  ..i  person!  to 

whom  reference  maj  )*  made.    No  Xaattanoniali  iboold  be  nut, 

i;  i;  l;  D  E  E  N      A  R  1      U  ALLE  K  Y. 


A 


TlioAKT  OALIjERY  COMMITTEE  arc  prepared  t.>  receive  eppll- 
.  itloni  for  the  appointment  ol  DIRECTOR  and  CURATOR  of  the 
ART  GALLERY  and  INDUSTRIAL  MUSEUM.  Salary  9007.  per 
ii  mi  no  i  The  Curator  a  ill  bare  I"  devote  the  whole  of  his  time  to  the 
datlea  of  the  Office,  and  must  be  ■  competent  Organiser  of  Picture 
and  Arts  Exhibitions.  and  capable  of  Lecturing  upon  Art  Subjects. 

Applications,  •taking  age,  qnalinoations,  and  previous  experience, 
and  a.  ompanied  bj  Testimonials,  to  be  lodged  with  the  Town  Clerk 
on  or  before  the  14th  proximo. 

W.  GORDON,  Town  Clerk. 

Town  Hours,  Aberdeen,  February  28,  1908. 


u 


RBAN     DISTRICT     OF     BIRKDALE. 


LIBRARY  ASSISTANT. 
WANTED,  at  the  PUBLIC  LIBRARY,  a  well-educated  YOUTH  ns 
ASSISTANT,  not  under  18  years  of  «ge.  Salary  lOi.  per  week. 
Applications  to  be  made  In  Candidate's  own  handwriting,  and  for- 
warded to  the  undersigned  not  later  than  MARCH  12  NEXT, 
accompanied  by  coulee  only  of  two  Testimonials,  and  endorsed 
"Library  Assistant. 

J.  F.  KEELEY,  Clerk  of  the  Council. 
Clerk's  Office.  Town  null.  Birkdnle. 
February  25,  190S. 


Situations  WtiLanttto. 


TO  PUBLISHERS.— YOUNG  MAN,  with  ten 
years'  experience  in  a  good  Publishing  House,  and  possessing 
thorough  knowledge  of  Copyright  an. I  Commission  Publishing,  seeks 
POST  as  SECRETARY  or  CONFIDENTIAL  CLEKK  in  a  similar 
House  Moderate  Salary.— Box  1397,  Athenaeum  Press,  13,  Bream's 
Buildings,  Chancery  Lane.  EC. 

EMPLOYMENT  as  LITERARY  ASSISTANT 
desired  by  ENGLISHMAN.  Careful,  punctual  Worker.  French, 
German,  anil  Spanish  Languages  (acquired  Abroad).— Box  1355, 
Atlienxum  Press,  13,  Bream's  Buildings,  Chancery  Lane,  EC. 


iHistrllantous. 


PRIVATE  TOURS  FOR  GENTLEWOMEN.— 
Mediaeval  Chateaux  of  France.  Province  of  Touraine,  Fontaine- 
Mean.  Versailles  Ac,  APTUTj  2.  Italian  Tour  repeated  APRIL  29 
(Home,  Naples.  Venice.  Florence,  Ac).  Switzerland.  JUNE.  Refer- 
ences exchanged.— Miss  BISHOP,  27,  St.  George's  Road,  Kilburn.  NVW, 

GENTLEMAN  is  anxious  to  TEACH  HEBREW. 
Experienced  Teacher.     Moderate  fees.    Highest  references.— 
Address  Miss  FRANK,  3.  Elvaston  Place,  S.W. 


GERMAN  LANGUAGE.— YOUNG  GENTLE- 
MAN.  wishing  to  perfect  his  knowledge  of  German,  can  he 
RECEIVED  in  PRIVATE  HOUSE,  FRANKFORT-  ON  -  MAIN. 
Highest  references.  —  For  particulars  apply  R.  W.  RUSBY,  24, 
Pershore  Street.  Birmingham. 

SPAIN  and  VENICE.— A  PUBLISHER  wishes 
to  gel  into  COMMUNICATION  with  AUTHORS  who  have 
RESIDED  in  SPAIN  and  VENICE,  and  could  write  bright.  Descrip- 
tive Matter  (about  15.000  wordsl  for  Books  on  Native  Life  in  either 
of  these  places  —Address  Box  1858,  Athenaeum  Press,  13,  Bream  s 
Buildings,  Chancery  Lane,  E.C. 

ANY  ARTIST  or  AUTHOR  willing  to  colla- 
borate in  suggesting  and  arranging  NEW  ACTION  PLOTS  for 
IMAGINATIVE  SUBJECTS  for  ANIMATED  PHOTOGRAPHY 
is  requested  to  communicate  with  Box  1356,  Athenaum  Prces,  13, 
Bream's  Buildings,  Chancery  Lane,  E.C. 

A      LADY,     experienced,     does     RESEARCH 
WORK,    BRITISH    MUSEUM.— Box  1348,  Athenaeum  Press, 
13,  Bream's  Buildings,  Chancery  Lane,  E.C. 

RESEARCHES.  —  Lit.  and  Ped.  Copying, 
Indexing.  Tracing,  and  Extracts  made  from  any  London 
Records  and  Libraries— Address  J.  17,  Box  1354,  Athenaeum  Press, 
13,  Bream's  Buildings,  Chancery  Line,  E.C. 

LITERARY  RESEARCH  undertaken  at  the 
British  Museum  and  elsewhere  on  moderate  terms.  Excellent 
Testimonials.— A.  B..  Box  10fi2,  Athena-urn.  Press,  18,  Bream1! 
Buildings,  Chancery  Lane,  E.C. 

TO  INVALIDS  and  OTHERS  —  YOUNG 
GENTLEMAN  de-ires  ENGAGEMENTS  (Evenings  preferred), 
as  READER  to  the  BLIND  and  INVALIDED.  First  class  Certifi- 
cate*, for  Elocution— Box  1347,  Athenaeum  Press,  13,  Bream's  Buildings, 
Chancery  Lane,  E.C. 


TO  AUTHORS  and  pubushbbs,— INDEXING, 
Technical,  Scientific,   and   General,   carefullv  undertaken   hv 
Miss  JAMES  and  Mis*.  V    BE ALB8— Excellent  references.— Care  of 

Richardson  4  Co.,  25,  SulTolk  Street.  Pall  Mall  East,  S.W 


TO     COLLECTORS     of     RARE     BOOKS.  — 
AMATEUR    DISPOSING    of    PART   of     bis    COLLECTION. 

first  editions  of  ENGLISH  classics.  Borne  contain  Auto, 
graph  Inscriptions  by  Wordsworth,  John  Locke,  Edward  Kit/.- 
Gcro!!  (translator  of  Omari.  Kinglake.  Ac.  MS  Lists  will  he  sent  on 
loan  to  >wiii1-/(lc  Buyers.— F.  HERBERT.  24,  (ileal  Tower  Street,  E.0. 


VTORTHERN     NEWSPAPER     SYNDICATE, 

Ll  Kendal.  SUPPLIES  EDITORS  with  L1TEKARV  MATTER 
and  invites  Authors  to  submit  MSS.  of  Serials.  Short  Stories,  and 
Articles.  Proposals  for  Serial  Use  of  all  high-class  Literary  Matter 
receive  careful  and  prompt  consideration.  Telegraphic  Address, 
"Syndicate.  Kendal." 

AGENTS    WANTED,    for    all    districts,    who 

-I  V     have  bad  canvassing  experience   in    high-priced    publication- 

Th ..-.I  substantial  work  for  high-class  men  who  can  reach  the  best 

people.  — Applv  by  letter  to  MEMORIAL,  care  of  George  Radford, 
6.    Henrietta  Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C. 


rpRANSFER    "i    mm    important  and    mooeMful 

1  PREPARATORY  SCHOOL.— Owing  t"  serious  Omasa,  the 
PK1NCIPAL  "f  PKEPARATORi  HI  BOOL  est  iblUbed  more  than 
1 1 r I >-  \.  in  for  OKNTLKMI  Ns  HONH  under  II  preparing-  for  the 
\  i, j  and  Public  Schools  Is  RETIRING  IMMEDIATELY  Admii- 
able  Premises,  with  Sanatorium,  Playing-fields,  A.  Flfl  |  6ts  Pupils 
mo.   in  the  School    Negotiations  should  bi  rithlo  tln.-.- 

weeki  i  Introd  notion  will  be  Elrea  — Fot  further  i*trti- 

apply  to  4419.  care  of  Qabbitas.  'Hiring  A  Co.,  M,  Backvillc 
Street,  London,  W.     Ho  charge  to  Purchasers. 


S.  Y. 


ARGONAUT       CRUISES. 


281  R«. -at days.     MARSEILLES.  ATHENS.  CONSTANTINOPLE. 
PALESTINE,  EGYPT  NAPLES      MARCH  n  1"  Al'ltll. 

181.    12s.      MARSEILLES.  TUNIS.   SICILY.    MALTA.    NAPLES. 
APRIL  IB toS) 

Ai.piv  SECRETARY,  B,  Bndslelgb  Qardens.  N  w. ;  i.  Charinf. ' 
B.W  ;  -i.  Piccadilly,  W. ;  as,  Cannon  street,  EC. 


®Rp*-(i(jtrit*rs,  &r. 

TYPE-WRITING  undertaken  by  highly  educated 
Women  (Classical  Trijios  ;    Cambridge   Higher   Local;    Modern 

Languau-.-'  Research.  Revision,  Translation.  Shorthand.  Dictation 
Room. -THE  CAMBRIDGE  TYPE  WRITING  AGENCY.  10,  Duke 
Street,  Adelphi,  W.C. 


A  UTHORS'  MSS. ,  NOVELS,  STORIES,  PLAYS, 

-4.3L  ESSAYS  TYPE-WRITTEN  with  complete  accuracy,  9d.  per 
1,000  words.  Clear  Carlion  Copies  guaranteed.  References  to  well- 
known  Writers.— M.  STUART.  Allendale.  Kymberley  Road.  Harrow. 

TYPE-WRITING,  9d.  per  1,000  words.  All 
kin. Is  of  MSS.,  Stories.  Plays.  Novels.  Ac.  accurately  TYPED. 
Clear  Carlion  Copies.  3d.  per  1.000.  References  to  well-known  Authors. 
Oxford  Higher  Local.— M.  KING,  24,  Forest  Road,  Kew  Gardens,  S.W. 

TYPE-WRITING.— NOVELS,  PLAYS, 
SERMONS,  and  other  MSS.  Accurate  work.  8hort  Articles 
by  return  of  ]>ost.  Carbon  Copies.  Duplicating  Circulars.  Ac.  Legal 
and  General  Copying.— For  terms  apply  H.  T.  HOW,  43,  Page  Street, 
Westminster.  S.W. 

TYPE-WRITER.— PLAY'S  and  MSS.  of  every 
description.  Carbon  and  other  Duplicate  or  Manifold  Copies. 
—Miss  E.  M.  TIGAR,  64.  Maitland  Park  Road,  Haverstock  Hill.  S.W. 
Established  1884. 


Catalogues. 


RAYRON'S    BOOK    COMPENDIUM. 
Contains  Books  of  varied  Character  to  suit  all  tastes.     Includes 
many  from  the  dispersed  Libraries  of  the  late  Lord  Brampton,  Lord 
and  Lady  Warwick,  and  other  eminent  previous  Owners. 
No.  1  now  ready,  post  free  to  applicants. 
R.  RAYSON  (Book  Reporter),  90,  High  Road.  Chiswick,  W. 
Books  on  Special  Subjects  quickly  reported. 


B 


0  O  K  S. 

Largest  Stock  in  London  of 

PUBLISHERS'  REMAINDER  STOCKS. 

All  in  perfectly  New  condition,  as  originally  published,  but  at 

GREATLY  REDUCED  PRICES. 

Catalogues  post  free. 

WILLIAM  GLAISHER,  Remainder  and  Discount  Bookseller. 

265,  High  Holborn,  London. 

H.  H.  PEACH, 

37,  Belvoir  Street,  Leicester,  England, 

regrets  that,  owing  to  continued  ill-health,  he  is  giving  up  the  Anti- 
quarian Book  Business  carried  on  at  the  aliove  address,  and  takes  this 
opportunity  of  thanking  those  who  through  their  kindness  helped  to 
make  the  Business  a  success.  The  Stock,  consisting  mainly  of  Early 
Printing,  Scarce  Tracts,  Ac, 

HAS  BEEN  PURCHASED  BY 

PM.         BARNARD,        M.  A. 
•  (formerly  Classical  Scholar  of  Christ's  College,  Cambridge), 
10,  DUDLEY  ROAD  (opposite  the  Opera  House), 
TUNBRIDGE  WELLS,  ENGLAND. 
P    M.  BARNARD  will  be  glad  to  execute  Orders  from  any  of  n.  H. 
PEACH'S  CATALOGUES. 


PEACH 


JUST  ISSUED. 

CATALOGUE    No.   28. 


Manuscripts, 


Incunabula,  Law,  Miscellaneous  Books,  comprising  many  recent 
Purchases  from  imjiortant  Collections. 

P.  II.  BARNARD  HAS  RECENTLY  ISSUED  :- 

18.  BOOKS    on    KENT  —  Historical    Tracts— 

Americana. 

19.  MISCELLANEOUS  BOOKS,  including  Occult 

and  Old  Science. 

IN  PREPARATION. 

20.  INCUNABULA— Aldine  Press— Bibliography. 

P.  M.  BARNARD  is  prepared  to  undertake  the  formation  of  Libraries 
or  Collections  on  Special  Subjects. 

Special  attention  given  to  INCUNABULA.  EARLY  WOODCUTS,  and 
interesting  out-of-the-way  Books  of  all  sorts. 

FIRST  EDITIONS  of  MODERN  AUTHORS, 
Including  Dickens.  Thackeray,  barer  Alnsworth;  Book)  Illus- 
trated by  Q.  and  K.  Ornlkshank,  Phi*.  Rowlandaon,  Leech,  .Vc.  The 
largest  and  choicest  Collection  offered  for  Ball  in  the  World.  CATA- 
LOGUES issued  and  sent  post  free  on  application.  Books  Bought.— 
WALTER  T.  SPENCER.  'Si.  New  Oxford  Street,  Linden.  W.C. 

ALL  interested  in  BOOKS  should  write  to 
MUDIK'S  SELECT  LIBRARY,  Ltd.,  30-34.  New  Oxford 
Street.  London.  W.O.,  for  CATALOGUES  of  New  and  Second  b  in. 1 
Hooks  at  lowest  prices;  also  for  Booklet  of  Subscription  Terms  aud 
facilities. 

A  NCIENT  and  MODERN   COINS.— Collectors 

J\-  and  Antiquarians  are  invited  to  apply  to  SPINK  A  SON. 
Limited,  for  Specimen  Oppj  (gratis!  of  their  NUMISMATIC  CIRCU- 
LAR. The  finest  Greek,  Roman,  ami  English  Coins  on  \  lew  and  for 
Sale  at  Moderate  Prices,— SP1KK  ft  SON.  I.nnimn,  Experts,  Valuers, 
u n. I  Cataloguers,   1«.   17,  aud  18.  Piccadilly,  Loudon,  «.     Established 

npwardi  of  a  ivuturj. 


Book-.-  ALL    0U1  OF  PRINT  and    I 
BOOKS  on  any  subject  SUPPLIED  .-  rt  B^knuder 

extant       Pl«*»e  »ute  wuiti  w.  \I  I  LOG  I  K       I  make  a 

siiecia]  '  ..liKiigiiuf  hi  then  selected 

from  my  various  Li»u     Special  Li»t  ol  I  i«nieuUrly  want 

•  l»\V    BAKER  surest  h.«  . 
I'.lrmM  r    Wilde  t   Po 

i  ptedla,  10  rols.  last  edit., 'Jls. ;  Wlw'i  Wbo,  1 1 


CATALOGUE  No.  4&— Dnwinga  of  the  Early 
English  School— Turner's  Lil>er  Stu.liorum.  «n.l  other  ■ssaraettsfs 
after   Turner— Etchings   i.v  Tnmer.  8    rainier,  Whi»tler— J» 
Ooloor-Priots— Fine-Art   Books— Works  by  Ruskin.     Pc^t  fir. 
pence.— WH.  WARD,  i  Church  Terrace,  Riihnjou.l.  Surrey. 

EEADERS   ANIi   OOLLECTORfi  ihoold  write 
for  J.    BALDWINS    MONTHLY    CATA1 
HAND  BOOKS,  post  free  on      Genuine  '*rjrsn,.  :i,  Firtt 

Editions  and  Scarce   Iu-iiik.      lUiok*  iu  all    Branches  of  Literature. 
No  fancy  prices.— Address  14,  Osborne  Road.  Lejton    I 

WOODCUTS.  EARLY  BOOKS.  M88..  Ac. 

f  EIGHTON'S  ILLUSTRATED  CATALOGUE, 

1  j  Containing  1.3S0  Facsimiles. 

Thick  8vo.  art  cloth.  'i'.«. ;  half  morocco.  SOS. 
Part  XIII.,    Cal-Chrys.   with   Hi4   Kacumil.-s.  including  Berners's 
Froissart.   Cambridge   Bindings.    Capgrate,    1018.   Cepio.    UT7,    and  a 
large  collection  of  Early  Chronicles.  1. Vote  ready.    Frit*  2s. 

J.  A  J.  LEIGHToN. 
40,  Brewer  Street,  Golden  Square,  London,  W. 


J^aUs  bu  Auction. 


The  Remaining  Portion  of  the  Colleetirm  of  Engraving* 
formed  almost  entirely  by  Sir  WILFRID  LAWSOX, 
Bart,  vho  died  in  1806. 

MESSRS.  SOTHEBY,  WILKINSON  &  HODGE 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION  .-it  their  House.  No.  13.  Wellington 
Street.  Strand.  W.C.  on  WEDNESDAY.  March  4,  and  Two  Following 
Davs.  at  1  o'clock  precisely,  the  REMAINING  PORTION  of  the 
COLLECTION  of  ENGRAVINGS  formed  almost  entir-lv  I 
WILFRID  I.AWSON.  Bart .  of  Brayton.  CuniUrland.  who  died  in 
I30G.  now  the  Proportv  of  and  bring  sold  bv  order  of  the  present 
Baronet,  Sir  WILFRID  LAWSON,  of  Brayton,  Cumlierland.  com- 
prising Portraits  by  early  English  Engravers— a  few  Etchings  and 
Engravings  by  old  Mast,  -rs— Mezzotint  and  other  Portraits,  principally 
by  Fnglish  Masters  of  the  Eighteenth  Century,  including  &  large 
number  from  the  Works  of  Gainsborough.  Hoppner.  Sir  .1  Revnolcls. 
Romney,  and  other  celebrated  Artists— Portraits  by  French 
Engravers,  including  an  extensive  Series  of  the  Works  of  R. 
Nanteuil.  many  in  early  states— Books  of  Prints — Collections  of 
Engravings  and  Drawings,  mounted  in  volumes.  Ac. 

May  be  viewed  two  days  prior.    Catalogues  may  be  had. 

Autograph  Letters  aiul  Historical  Documents. 

MESSRS.  SOTHEBY,  WILKINSON  &  HODGE 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  House.  No.  1  :.  Wellington 
Street,  Strand,  W.C.  on  TUESDAY.  March  10.  and  Following 
Day.  at  1  o'clock  preciselv.  AUTOGRAPH  LETTERS  and 
HISTORICAL  DOCUMENTS,  including  Holograph  Letters  of 
King  Charles  I.  and  Henrietta  Maria,  and  Signatures  of  Q.  Elizabeth. 
James  I.,  Cromwell.  Ac — an  extensive  Con-espon.b  n.-e  addre-sed  to 
Lord  Nelson — Autograph  Scores  by  C  Gounod,  and  Letters  from  other 
Composers— an  interesting  Series  of  Letters  from  W.  M.  Thackeray  to 
Lady  (then  Mrs.)  .Tames— Documents  signed  by  French  Kings  and 
Napoleon  Bonaparte— Albums  of  Autographs.  Ac. 

May  be  viewed  two  days  prior.    Catalogues  may  lie  bad. 

The   choice   Collection  of   English    Coin*    and    Medals,   the 
Property  of  H.  C.  BRCTNXIXG,  Esq.,  deceased. 

MESSRS.  SOTHEBY,  WILKINSON  &  HODGE 
will  SELL  bv  AUCTION  (bv  order  of  the  Executors'  at  their 
House.  No.  13.  Wellington  Street.  Strand,  W.C.  ,,n  WEDNESDAY. 
March  18.  at  1  o'clock  preciselv.  the  choice  COLLECTION  of 
ENGLISH  COINS  and  MEDALS  .including  some  Continental 
Medals),  the  Property  of  H.  C.  BRUNNrNG,  I —i  .  deceased,  late  of 
Hove.  Brighton,  and  of  the  Stock  Exchange.  London. 
May  lie  viewed  two  days  prior.     Illustrated  Catalogues  may  lie  had. 

The  choice  Library  of  valuable  and  rare  Printed  Books  and 
Ancient  Manweripta  of  the  late  Bi'iht  Iter.  JOIIS 
GOTT,  D.D.,  Lord  Bishop  of  Truro. 

MESSRS.  SOTHEBY,  WILKINSON  &  HODGE 
will  SELL  bv  AUCTION  |bv  order  of  the  Executors'  at  their 
House.  No.  IS,  Wellington  street.  Strand.  W.C.  on  FRIDAY,  March 
20.  and  Following  Day.  at  1  o'clock  precisely,  the  choice  LIBRARY  .f 
valuable  and  rare  PRINTED  BOOKS  and  ANCIENT  MANU 
SCRIPTS  of  the  late  Right  Rev.  JOHN  GOTT.  On..  Lord  Bishop  of 
Truro,  comprising  a  large  Series  of  Bibles.  Testaments,  Prayers,  and 
other  Service  Books— Illuminated  Books  of  Hours— the  Four  Shake- 
Folios,  and  First  Edition  of  the  Merchant  of  Venice— First 
Editions  of  Milton  and  Spenser— the  Works  of  Purchas  and   Haklnyt 

—  fine  Topographical  Books  aud  Prints  —  Fine- Art  Galleries  and 
Books  of  Prints— Special  Copies  with  Extra  Illustrations,  Ac,  all  in 
fine  condition  and  lmiind  by  well-known  Binders. 

May  be  viewed  two  days  prior.    Catalogues  may  be  hail. 

Northgate  Assembly  Rooms,  Gloucester. 

MESSRS.  BRUTON,  KNOWLES  &  CO.  wiil 
SELL  bv  AUCTION,  at  the  above,  on  WEDNESDAY. 
Much  11.  at  1  o'clock,  the  LIBRARY  of  the  late  Rev.  G.  P.  PE  ARCC 
late  Vicar  of  Minsterworth.  a  PORTION  of  the  LIBRARY  of  the 
late  W.  T.  GILLER.  Es.i  .  formerly  Manage*  of  she  Otateester 
Branch  of  the  County  of  Gloucester  Bank,  and  other  Properties 
comprising  an  extensive  Collection  of  Works  relating  to  the  City  and 
County  of  Gloucester,  including  Histories  ..f  the  County  bv  Atkyn-. 
fir-t   and  l.c~t  edition    two  copies1.  Rudder.  Bicland.  and  Fosbrooke 

—  a  complete  Set  of  Punch,  the  original  issue— Hogarth's  Works— 
Gillrav's  Caricatures— Original  Editions  of  Dickens  and  Lever— 
Borteea  Snorting  Novels,  in  the  Original  Parts,  fee. 

On  view  on  the  morning  of  Sale  at  9  o'clock. 

Catalogue*  may  be  had  of  Messrs.  BRUTON,  KNOWLES  A  CO.. 
Estate  Agents.  Surveyors,  and  Auctioneers.  Gloucester. 

By  onh-r  of  the  Executors  «f  the  late  DOWAGER 
MARCH/OSES?  CONTJfQBAM. 
No.    fit;,    BELGRAVE    SQUARE,    S.W. 
TR.    J.    BAGSHAW    MANN,    F.S.I.    K.A.I. 


M 


Jll      (of  Messrs.  ROBT.  W.  MANN  ft  SON)  will  SELL  by  \V(  Tb  V 
on   the   Premises  as   alnive.   on  TUESDAY     March   3    and  the  Tuo 
Following    Davs.    at    1    o'clock    each  day,   the    CONTENTS    oi 
MANSION,   vliich    include  a    valuable     Library,    containing 
very  fine  Books  of  Plates  and   a  l.ivre  d'Hcures.  with  Mini. on.  -  OB 
Vellum  icarly  Fifteenth  Century). 

May  be  viewed  privatelv.  bv  order  cnly.  on  SATURDAY.  February 
29  :  Public  View  on  MONDAY,  March  8,  between  the  hours  of  )0  and 
4  aiu  h  day. 

Catalogue.    Of    Messrs.    ROBT.    W.    MANN    A    SON.    Au.ti 
Surveyors,   and   Valuers.    12,    lxiwer    Grosvenoj-    Place    tar     Victoria 
Station'.  S.W.    Telephone,   Westminster  40;  Telegrams,      Biddable, 
Loudon.'' 


No.  4192,  Feb.  29,  1908 


THE    ATHENiEUM 


243 


Miscellaneous  Books. 

MESSRS.  HODGSON  &  CO.  will  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  fit  their  Rooms,  115,  Chancery  Lane,  W.C..  on 
THURSDAY,  March  fl,  and  Following  Day.  at  1  o'clock,  MISCEL- 
LANEOUS BOOKS,  including,  the  Engraved  Works  of  Gillray  and 
Hogarth— Audsley  and  Bowes  Keramie  Art  of  Japan,  and  other 
Modern  Fine-Art  Books— Ferguson's  Tree  and  Serpent  Worship- 
Watson  and  Kaye's  People  of  India,  8  vols.— Davenport's  Samuel 
Mearne— The  Italian  Novelists,  large  paper.  6  vols.— La  Fontaine, 
Coutes  et  Nouvelles,  2  vols.,  morocco  extra,  17R4- Coloured  Carica- 
tures, and  Books  illustrated  by  Cruikshank  and  Rowlandson, 
—  First  Editions  of  Dickens,  Thackeray.  &c.  —  The  Writings  ot 
Stevenson,  Lang,  Swinburne.  Pater,  Wilde,  and  others— Morris  s 
British  Birds,  &c.  14  vols.,  half-morocco,  and  other  Natural  History 
and  Scientific  Books— Irish  Archaeological  Society's  Publications, 
15  vols.— Standard  Worksjin  History,  Philosophy,  Travel,  and  General 
Literature. 

To  be  viewed,  and  Catalogues  had. 


Collection  of  Engravings  by  Hollar. 
"ESSRS.    HODGSON  &  CO.    will    SELL 

AUCTION,   at   their   Rooms,    n^__Chancery__  Lane, 


his 

the 


MESSRS.  HODGSON  &  CO.  will  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  at  their  Rooms,  116,  Chancery  Lane,  W.C.. 
DURING  MARCH,  a  remarkable  COLLECTION  of  ENGRAVINGS 
liy  WENCESLAUS  HOLLAK,  comprising  upwards  of  1,400  separate 
Plates,  many  in  early  States,  including  the  large  Bird's-eye  View  of 
London,  the  Royal  Exchange,  View  of  Greenwich,  and  others  Topo- 
graphical—Historical and  Naval  Subjects  — Sets  of  the  Ornatus 
Muliebris  Anglicanus,  and  The  Four  Seasons— the  large  Sacramental 
Chalice— and  other  rare  Plates. 

Catalogues  are  preparing. 

Sales  of  Miscellaneous  Property. 
TIXR.  J-    C.    STEVENS   begs  to  announce  that 

jM.  SALES  are  held  EVERY  FRIDAY,  at  his  Rooms,  3S.  King 
Street,  Cov«nt  Garden,  London,  W.C.,  for  the  disposal  of  MICRO- 
SCOPES, SLIDES,  and  OBJECTIVES- Telescopes— Theodolites- 
Levels— Electrical  and  Scientific  Instruments— Cameras,  Lenses,  and 
-all  kinds  of  Photographic  Apparatus— Optical  Lanterns,  with  Slides 
and  all  Accessories  in  great  variety  by  Best  Makers— Household 
Furniture— J eweller}'— and  other  Miscellaneous  Property. 
On  view  Thursday  2  to  5  and  morning  of  Sale. 

Important  Collection  of  British  Lepidoptera. 
TUESDAY,  March  3,  at  1  o'clock. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  OFFER,  at 
Rooms,  38.  King  Street,  Covent  Garden,  London,  W.C 
extensive  COLLECTION  of  BRITISH  LEPIDOPTERA  formed  by 
W.  TDNSTALL,  Esq.,  F.E.S..  containing  long  Series  of  rare  Species 
in  fine  and  perfect  condition,  together  with  the  Cabinets  in  which 
tiny  are  contained. 

Cn  view  day  prior  10  to  5  and  morning  of  Sale.     Catalogues  on 
amplication. 

Valuable  Books. 

MESSRS.  PUTTICK  &  SIMPSON  will  SELL 
by  AUCTION  at  their  Galleries,  47,  Leicester  Square,  W.C, 
EARLY  in  MARCH,  BOOKS,  comprising  Libraries  removed  from 
Maiden,  Charlhury,  and  Grosvenor  Place,  including  Botanical  and 
Natural  History  Books— Library  Sets  of  Standard  Works,  and  Rare 
First  Editions,  among  which  will  be  found  Matthew  Arnold  s  Alaric 
at  Rome,  1840  in  the  Original  Wrappers— Keats's  Endymion,  ISIS— 
Carlyle's  Sartor  Resartus.  First  Edition— Gerarde's  Herbal,  3636— 
Parkinson's  Paradisi  in  Sole— Sweets  British  Flower  Garden— a  Set  of 
the  Microscopical  Journal — Ireland's  Napoleon,  4  vols. — Williamson 
and  Howitt's  Wild  Sports,  oblong  folio,  1808— and  other  scarce  and 
valuable  Items, 

Catalogues  in  preparation. 

MESSRS.  CHRISTIE,  MANSON  &  WOODS 
respectfully  give  notice  that  they  will  hold  the  following 
SALES  by  AUCTION,  at  their  Great  Rooms,  King  Street,  St. 
James's  Square :— 

On  WEDNESDAY,  March  4,  and  Two  Fol- 
lowing Days  (at  1  o'clock),  the  highly  important  COLLECTION  of 
OLD  SEVRES  and  DRESDEN  PORCELAIN  formed  by  CHARLES 
J-OHN  DICKINS,  Esq.,  deceased,  late  of  Arkindale,  Putney  Hill, 
London,  S.W. 

On  SATURDAY,  March  7  (at  1  o'clock),   the 

iniiiortant  COLLECTION  of  MODERN  PICTURES  and  WATER- 
COLOUR  DRAWINGS  of  the  late  R.  E.  TATHAM,  Esq.,  and  the 
late  C.  J.  DICKINS,  Esq. 


JVutljors*  Agents. 


THE  AUTHOR'S  AGENCY.—  Established  1S79. 
The  interests  of  Authors  cap&bly  represented.  Agreements  for 
Pul-lishing  arranged.  MSS.  placed  with  Pnnlighers. — Terras  and  Test! 
nionialsou  application  to  Mr.  A.  M.  BURG  11 ES.  84,  HaterniK  tor  Row 


Iftagasiiius,  $ct. 


THE  NINETEENTH  CENTURY  AND  AFTER. 
No  373.     MARCH. 
THH  GODS  OF  GREECE.    By  the  late  Sir  James  Knowlcs,  K.C.V.O 
THE   IMPOTENCE  OF   SOCIALI8M-A   REPLY.    By  J.  ftamsaj 

HacDonald,  H  P. 
LORD   RANDOLPH  CHURCHILL  AS  A  TARIFF   REFORMER. 

By  Sir  Roper  Lethbridgc.  K.O.I.E. 
SETTLEMENTS    OR     1'NSETTLEMENTS?    By  the  Rev.  Richard 

vicar  of  St.  Clement's,  Fnlhsm. 

A    WnMAN'8  PLEA  AGAINST  WOMAN   SUFFRAGE.      By   Mrs. 

John  Kassfa 
•HOW  TO  MAKE  THE  NK.GRO  WORK.'    By  Sir  Godfrey  Lagden, 

K  0  M.G  ,  late  Commissioner  for  Native  Affair*,  Transvaal. 
MATTY  OF  KPITALFIKI.I'S.    By  Rosea!   Bradley. 
K    BKLOIAN    POET    OF    VESTERDAV-CHARLES   VAN    LER 

BEBOHB.    Hy  sii  Edward SuUrran,  Barl 

EXTRACTS    FROM    THE   JOURNAL  OF    LADY    MARY   COKE. 
By  Mrs.  Charles  Roundel! 

Till:    RING'    IN     ENGLISH    AND    MUSIC  DRAM  A    OF    THE 
FUTURE      Bv  E   A    Riughan 

FBAB  IN  THE  HOME  ANliTIIE  HOUSEHOLD!    By  Mn  Wlllnun 
Tyrrell. 

HENRY  WALKER.  JOURNALIST  OF  THE  COMMONWEALTH 

By  3.  B.  Williams. 
SOME   COMMENTS   ON    THE    PUBLIC  TRUSTEE.      By  William 

eV  hooting, 

•PRO    DEO    ET    PATRIA.        By   Major  General   Sir   Alexander  U 

Tullooh,  K.C  B  CM  G 
A   BRITISH  TWO  POWER  FLEET      By  Archibald  S.  Hnrd. 
THE      NATIONALISATION      OF      RAII.WAYS-AN      OBJECT- 
LESSON  FROM  THE  CAPE.     By  W.  I!.  Edwards. 
London:  8POTTI8WOODE  A  CO..  Ltd..  :.,  New  Street  Square. 


CAMBEIDGE    UNIVERSITY    PRESS 

THE  BACTERIOLOGY  OF  DIPHTHERIA.    Edited  by  G.  H.  F. 

Nuttall,  M.D.,  Ph.D.,  Sc.D.,  F.R.S.,  Quick  Professor  of  Biology  in  the  University  of 
Cambridge,  and  G.  S.  Graham-Smith,  M.A.,  M.D.,  University  Lecturer  in  Hygiene 
Cambridge. 

Royal  8vo  The   work   is   divided   into    six  sections    (on   the  history,  epidemiology  and 

with  4  portraits  pathology  of    the  disease,   the    mortality    caused    by    it,    the    toxins   and    anti- 

and  16'  plates  toxins    and  the  serum  disease),  contributed  by    authors  who  have  given  special 

25s  net  attention  to  the  subjects  discussed. 


A 


LIFE  OF  GILBERT 

I.  Scotland,  1643-1674.    By 
Bibliographical  Appendices. 
History  of  His   Own   Time.' 


Professor  of  Modern  History  at  Oxford. 


BURNET,   BISHOP    OF    SALISBURY. 

T.  E.  S.  Clarke,  B.D.  II.  England,  1674-1715,  with 
By  H.  C.  Foxcroft,  Editor  of  '  A  Supplement  to  Burnet's 
With   an  Introduction  by  C.  H.  Firth,  M.A.,  Regius 


Royal  8vo 

15s  net 


"The  story  of  the  formative  part  of  Burnet's  Life  is  told,  .and  told  well,  by 

the  Rev.  T.    E.    S.   Clarke,  the  present  minister   of  Saltoun Miss  Foxcroft's 

work  will  be  not  only  popular  among  serious  students  of  the  man  and  his  time, 
but  also  probably  final...  Any  account  of  this  notable  book  would  be  incom- 
plete without  reference  to  the  Introduction  by  the  master-hand  of  Prof.  Firth, 
in  which  Burnet's  place,  not  as  a  moralist  or  a  divine  or  a  politician,  but 
also  as  an  historian,  is  elaborately  and  conclusively  discussed.  There  is  no 
side  of  this  part  of  the  subject  which  is  not  treated  with  fullness  and  with  his 
usual  lucidity." — Athenceum. 


[Continued  on  p.  270.] 


PROLEGOMENA    TO    THE    STUDY  OF    GREEK    RELIGION. 

By  Jane   Ellen   Harrison,   Hon.   D.Litt.   (Durham),    Hon.   LL.D.   (Aberdeen);    Staff 
Lecturer  and  sometime  Fellow  of  Newnham  College,  Cambridge. 


Second  Edition 

Demy  Svo 

with  179  figures 

15s  net 


"Miss  Harrison  lias  amassed  a  vast  quantity  of  material  gathered  from  out-of- 
the-way  sources,  in  particular  the  great  army  of  scholiasts  (whose  value  is  hardly 
yet  recognized  by  the  student),  and  illustrated  from  her  own  particular  field  of  vase 
paintings,  where  she  is  an  acknowledged  authority." — Bookman. 

"  Miss  Harrison's  Prolegomena  deals  with  some  aspects  of  Greek  religion  in  a 
manner  worthy  of  her  reputation  as  one  of  the  foremost  scholars  who  are  working 
in  this  field." — Spectator. 


SIX  ESSAYS  ON  THE  PLATONIC  THEORY  OF  KNOW- 
LEDGE, as  expounded  in  the  later  dialogues,  and  reviewed  by  Aristotle.  By  Marie 
V.  Williams,  late  Marion  Kennedy  Student  of  Newnham  College. 


Crown  8vo 
3s  net 


I.  The  Search  for  Knowledge. 
II.  The  Analogy  of  the  Arts  and  its  Application  in  the  Politicus  and  Philcbia 

III.  The  World-process  of  the  Timaeus. 

IV.  The  Ideas  as  'Aptd/Jiol. 

V.  The  Pythagorean  'ApiOfJ-oi  and  their  Relation  to  the  Platonic  Ideas. 
VI.  The  Aristotelian  Critique  of  the  Ideas  and  Numbers  of  Plato. 


THE    FIRST    BOOK    OF    THE    KINGS    IN    THE     REVISED 

VERSION.  With  Introduction  and  Notes  by  William  Emery  Barnes,  D.D.,  Fellow 
and  Chaplain  of  Peterhouse,  Hulsean  Professor  of  Divinity,  Examining  Chaplain  to 
the  Bishop  of  London. 

THE    SECOND    BOOK    OF    THE    KINGS  IN    THE   REVISED 

VERSION.    With  Introduction  and  Notes  by  the  same  Editor. 

These  volumes  are  issued  in  the  Cambridge  Bible  far  Schools  and  Colleges,  under 
the  general  editorship  of  the  Very  Rev.  A.  P.  Kirkpatriek,  11. R,  Dean  of  Kly. 
The  Times  describes  the  Series  as  one  "which  has  done  more  to  spread  accurate 
Biblical  knowledge  among  English-speaking  people  than  any  book  except  the 
Revised  Version";  and  the  Guardian  says  "it  is  difficult  to  commend  this  excel- 
lent series  too  highly."  A  complete  list  of  the  series  will  be  sent  on  application  to 
the  address  given  below. 


Foolscap  8vo 

•2s  net  each  Volume 

or  in  One  Volume 

3s  6d  net 


SPIRIT  IN    THE  NEW   TESTAMENT.     An   Enquiry  into  the 

use  of  the  word  Pneuma  in  all  passages,  and  a  survey  of  the  evidence  concerning 
the  Holy  Spirit.    By  Edward  William  Winstanley,  B.D.,  Trinity  College,  Cambridge. 

"The  work   is  practically  an  exhaustive  Concordance  with   notM  of  all    the 

passages  in  the  New  Testament  in  which  the  word 'Spirit'  is  used.    It  ta  worthy 

Crown  8vo  0f  Cambridge  exact  scholarship,  and  it  will  be  invaluable  (o  all  students  of  the 

:is  (id  net  doctrine  of  the  spirit.    To  theological  students  and  to  clergy  it  is  Indispensable. 

To  all  Greek  scholars  it  will  be  profoundly  interesting  and  mentally  stimulating." 

Prebendary  K.  K.  HakIMM:  in  the  Uehfield  PlBOMOtl  Ma:ia:iix. 

THE    MATHEMATICAL    THEORY    OF    ELECTRICITY    AND 

MAGNETISM.    By  J.  H.  Jeans,  M.A.,  F.R.S.,  Professor  of  Applied  Mathematics  in 
Princeton  University. 

The  present  book  is  Intended  to  give  the  mathematical  theory  of  (he  range 

of   electro-magnet  ism,   which    every     Indent   of   physics  may  be  expected   to  have 

covered,  with  Bore  or  less  of  thoroughness,  before  proceeding  to  the  study  of 
spci.ii  branches  of  the  subject.  The  range  is  very  approximately  that  of 
Maxwell's  original  treatise,  but  while  Maxwells  Treatise  «a^  written  for  the 
folly-equipped  mathematician,  the  present  book  i«  written  more  especially  for 

the  student,  ami  for  the  physicist  of  limited  mathematical  attainments. 


Royal  8vo 

l.'is  net 


London,  Fetter  Lime:  Camhridck  Univkhsttv  Press  Waiixhouse;  0.  F   Clay,  Manager 


Ill 


T  II  K     ATHKN^UM 


No.  U02,  Fi:i'..  89,1908 


SMITH,    ELDEB    &    CO.'S 

NEW  BOOKS. 


NEW  VOLUME  BY 
MRS.   PERCY  DEARMER. 

READY   ON    MARCH   :f,  crown  8vo,  6s. 
THE 

ALIEN   SISTERS. 

By  Mrs.  PERCY  DEARMER, 

Author  of  «  The  Difficult  Way,'  '  Brownjolm's,'  kc. 
JUST  PUBLISHED,  small  demy  Svo,  10s.  6d.  net. 

BRITISH   SOCIALISM: 

An  Examination  of  its  Doctrines,  Policy, 

Aims,  and  Practical  Proposals. 

By  J.  ELLIS  BARKER, 

Author  of  'Modern  Germany,'  'The  Rise  and  Decline  of 

the  Netherlands,'  &c. 


ENGLISH  SOCIALISM    OF 

T»r*  nAV'       ITS  TEACHING  AND  ITS 
lU-JJilX     .  AIMS  EXAMINED. 

By  the  Rt.  Hon.  H.  O.  ARNOLD-FORSTER,  M.P. 
SECOND  EDITION,  crown  8vo,  2s.  6d.  net. 
Daily  Mail  says:— "Mr.  Arnold  -  Forster's  book  well  de- 
serves attention  ;   it  is  trenchantly  written  and   full   of 
thought ;  while  it  is  never  above  the  general  reader's  head." 

LORD  WANTAGE,  V.C.,  K.C.B. 

A  Memoir.    By  his  WIFE. 

With  8  Portraits.    Large  8vo,  10s.  6d.  net. 
SECOND  EDITION  NOW  READY. 
General  Sir  Henry  Bracken  hlry,  in  Blackwood's  Maga- 
zine ,  savs  :  - "  A  remarkable  and  deeply  interesting  book. 
It  gives  a  splendid  example  of  a  noble,  manly,  and  un- 
selfish life^" 

MY  ALPINE   JUBILEE, 
1851-1907. 

By  FREDERIC  HARRISON.    3^°^.  net. 

Daily  Telegraph.— "Mr.  Harrison  has  always  about  him 
something  of  an  infectious  enthusiasm.  Alike  to  those 
who  know  Switzerland  and  to  those  who  do  not  we  would 
cordially  commend  this  very  pleasant  little  volume." 

THE      SOCIAL     FETICH. 

By  LADY  GROVE.     ^'^^^ 

SECOND  EDITION,  WITH  A  NE  W  PKEPACE. 
Daily  Chronicle.— "Lady  Grove  is  always  entertaining. 
She  discourses  with  wit  and  wisdom,  for  she  has  a  merry, 
if  sub-acid,  humour,  and  she  has  cultivated  the  habit  of 
thought"        

TTYT  TPXTTTPCn1   •      A  Journal  kept 
lUJjiHinUltDl    .    in    the    country. 

By  JOHN  HALSHAM, 

Author  of  'Lonewood  Corner,'  etc. 

NEW  AND  CHEAPER  EDITION.    Crown  8vo,  5s.  net. 

The  Saturday  Review,  noticing  the  first  edition,  laid  :— 

"  '  Idlehurst'  is  one  of  the  most  beautiful  idylls  in  English." 

THE    CORNHILL  MAGAZINE 


For  MARCH. 


Contents. 


Price  One  Shilling. 


WROTH.     Chaps.  20-22.     Bf  Agues  and  Egerton  Castle. 

His  NINETIETH  YEAR.     By  Walter  Frith. 

JENA   PAST  AND  PRESENT;  or,  The  Athens  of  the 

Saale.    By  Catherine  I.  Dodd. 
THE  DRUM  ECCLESIASTIC.    By  Major  G.  F.  MaeMunn, 

D.S.O. 
THE  BOOK  ON  THE  TABLE.     By  Lady  Robert  Cecil. 
A  STERNER  FKOISSART.     By  C.  It.  L.  Fletcher. 
TH  B  BROOKSIDK.    By  T.  E.  Kebbel. 

PROVINCIAL  LETTERS.— XVII.  AN  APPEAL   FROM 

BL'REORD.     By  Urbanus  Sylvan. 
A  CYMRIC  "CONFESSION  BOOK."    By  J.  E.  Vincent. 
REGINA'S  CALL    By  Dorothea  Deakin. 
AT  LARGE. -IX.  OPTIMISM.    By  Arthur  C.  Benson. 
CATHERINE'S  CHILD.   Chaps.  0-7.    By  Mrs.  Henry  de la 

Pasture. 


MR.   HEINEMANN'S  NEW  BOOKS.    MR.   EVELEIGH   NASH'S 


London  :  SMITH,  ELDER  &  CO. 


MEMORIES  OF 

EIGHT    PARLIAMENTS. 

By  HENRY  W.  LUCY. 

Wltfa  Portrait.  1  vol.  demy  Svo,  s*.  (>/.  net.* 
Sneaking  at  Eiisom  011  Dee.  l:t,  1809,  LORD  BOMBERY 
Baid  :  — "On  anything  relating  to  Parliament  Mr.  Lucy  is  an 
expert.  There  is  perhaps  no  man  living  who  has  had  ho 
constant  and  .so  close  observation  of  Parliamentary  life  in 
its  many  aspects." 

MEMOIRS  OF  THE 

COMTESSEdeBOIGNE 

The  THIRD  Volume  (1820-1830),  completing  the 
"work,  is  now  ready.  Demy  Svo,  10*.  net. 

"The  second  and  third  volumes  are  even  more  interesting 
than  the  first.  The  excellent  translation  will  introduce 
these  to  a  large  number  of  readers."— Spectator. 

Uniform  with  the  above,  10s.  net  each." 
Vol.  I.,  1781-1814,  and  Vol.  IL,  1815-1819. 

FATHER   AND   SON. 

With  Frontispiece.     Demy   8vo,   8*.    6d.    net. 

[Third  Impression. 
"This  book   is  unique.     It  is  at  once  a  profound  and 
illuminating  study  in  the  concrete  of  the  development  of 
a  child's  mind,  and  also  an  historical  document  of  great 
value." — Athenaeum. 

NEW    SIX-SHILLING    NOVELS. 

COME  AND  FIND  ME 

By  ELIZABETH  ROBINS, 

Author  of  '  The  Magnetic  North,'  &c. 

"  Say  that  this  is  a  work  of  genius,  and  neither  too  much 

nor  too  little  is  said.     It  is  a  book  that  every  one  will  read, 

and  one  of  which  every  one  will  talk." — Evening  Standard. 

A   LARGE  SECOND  IMPRESSION   IS    NOW  READY 

OF  MR.  DE  MORGAN'S  NEW  NOVEL 

SOMEHOW    GOOD. 

By  WILLIAM  DE  MORGAN, 
Author  of  '  Joseph  Vance  '  and  '  Alice  for  Short.' 
"Mr.  De  Morgan  is  becoming  a  national  institution.  We 
cannot  do  without  him.  He  invites  you  to  his  comfort- 
ably furnished  novel  for  a  week-end  among  the  most 
conversable  entertaining  people,  and  you  accept  and  are 
enchanted.     You  would  be  an  idiot  if  you  did  not." — Times. 

A  SECOND  LARGE  IMPRESSION  IS  NOW  READY  OF 

THE    PULSE    OF    LIFE. 

By  Mrs.  BELLOC-LOWNDES, 

Author    of    '  Barbara    Rebell,'    &c. 

"  Mrs.  Belloc-Lowndes  has  a  distinction  of  mind  and  of 

style  which  set  her  far  apart  from    and  far   above    the 

ordinary  novel-writer.     It  is  difficult  to  put  the  book  down 

till  it  is  finished." — Westminster  Gazette. 

WHITE  ROSE  OF  WEARY  LEAF. 

By  VIOLET  HUNT. 
"An  extraordinary  novel.      It  is  certain   to  achieve  a 
remarkable    popularity   and   vogue.      It   is  crowded  with 
real    people,    and    pulsates   with    real   perplexities   and 
passion."— Standard. 

THE    HISTORY   OF 

AYTHAN  WARING. 

By  VIOLET  JACOB,  Author  of  'The  Sheepstealers.' 
"A  supremely  good  novel."— Pall  Mall  Gazette. 

THE  NIGHT  THAT  BRINGS 
OUT  STARS. 

By  GEORGE1TE  AGNEW. 

SHEAVE »         Impression. 

By  E.  F.  BENSON, 

Author  of  'The  House  of  Defence,'  &c. 

"  Mr.  Benson  has  never  done  anything  better." — Truth. 

THE  EXPLORER. 

By  W.  S.  MAUGHAM,  Author  of  'The  Merry-go-round.' 

[Second  Impression. 
"  A  Sargent -like  portrait  of  a  pioneer  as  he  ought  to  be." 

Punch. 

THE      STANDERT0NS. 

By  the  EARL  OF  ELLESMERE. 

THE    ISLAND   PHARISEES. 

By  JOHN  GALSWORTHY. 

Author  of  'The  Man  of  Property,'  Ac. 

[A'etc  and  Revised  Edition. 

*  Prospectus    on    application. 
WM.  HEINEMANN,  21,  Bedford   Street,  W.C. 


NEW   BOOKS. 


"A  FEMALE  CREEVEY." 

NOW   READY,   demy   8vo,  10s.  net. 

LEAVES    FROM    A    LIFE. 

ThiH  is  a  volume  rich  with  the  memorial 
life  passed  among  the  most  brilliant  and  enter- 
taining people  of  the  Victorian  era.  Underneath 
the  stream  of  sparkling  anecdote  and  vivacious 
reminiscence  there  runs  a  current  of  keen 
observation  and  shrewd  criticism  ujxjii  the  lives 
and  characters  of  the  wide  circle  of  notabilities 
with  whom  the  author  came  in  contact. 

"Delightful what  a  charming  book  '."—Morning  J     I 

"  It  is  a  long  time  since  a  budget  of  gossip  ko  racy  as  thtt 
contained  in  'T^eaves  from  a  Life 'ha-*  been  -et  twfure  the 
public. .  .  .She  is  a  female  Creevey." — Morning  Leader. 

"A  most  interesting  volume. . .  .about  interesting  people 
....these  reminiscences  throw  an  admirable  light  upon 
some  phases  of  life  in  the  last  generation." 

Pall  Mall  Gazette. 

"  Piquant  reminiscences."— Daily  Chronicle. 

REMARKABLE  SUCCESS 
OF    RENE   BAZIN'S    NOVEL. 

THE    NUN. 

Crown  8vo,  6s. 

Read  what  the  Great  London  Papers  say : 

The  Morning  Poxt  says  it  is :—"  A  noble  and  ennobling 
study  in  human  idealism." 

The  Daily  Graphic  says :— "  '  The  Nun  '  is  a  master  work 
of  fiction." 

The  Westminster  Gazette  says:— '"The  Nun'  is  a  book 
which  no  one  who  reads  it  will  ever  forget," 

The  Daily  Telegraph  says  :— "  It  is  difficult  to  speak  in 
measured  terms  of  this  exquisite  book  .  A  consummate 
artist,  his  work  eats  into  the  heart, and  lives  in  the  memory 
as  do  few  books  from  modern  authors." 

The  First  Large  Edition  of  THE  NUN  went  out 
of  print  in  four  days,  the  Second  Edition  is  ex- 
hausted, and  the  THIRD  is  NOW  READY. 

THE 

WORST  MAN  IN  THE  WORLD 

By  FRANK  RICHARDSON. 
Crown  8vo,  6s. 
The  First   Large    Edition   of   Mr.    Richardson's 
diverting    New     Novel    has     been    heavily    over- 
subscribed.    A  SECOND  EDITION  is  in  the  press, 
and  will  be  READY  IMMEDIATELY. 

"Hurrah  lor  the  life  of  a  Sailor!" 

CAPTAIN      SPINK, 

and    other    Sea    Comedies, 

By  MORLEY  ROBERTS. 

Crown  Svo,  6s. 

"A  perfect  mine  of  laughter."— Staiidard. 

"Gloriously  boisterous  and  rollicking the  book  alto- 
gether is  one  of  the  very  best  Mr.  Morley  Roberts  BM 
written." — Daily  News. 

"  Every  page  is  full  of  entertainment." — Globe. 

GALAHAD'S  GARDEN. 

By  O.    B.    BURG  IN. 
Crown  8vo,  6s. 

"  Mr.  Burgin  is  to  be  congratulated.  He  has  lost  nothing 
of  his  practised  fascination." — Daily  Express. 

"MARK     ALSTON. 

By  J.  A.  C.  SYKES, 
Author  of  'Algernon  Casterton.' 

Crown  8vo,  6s. 

This  no\el  is  an  impression  of  events  in  the  Ufe  of  Jokn 
Ruskin. 

"Neatly  written  and  interesting  ..the  book  cannot  fail 
to  attract  readers  interested  in  the  personality  which  it 
depicts  so  sympathetically."— Scotsman. 

A  BOOK  ABOUT  BOOKS. 

Write  to  Fawside  House,  King  Street,  Covent 
Garden,  London,  W.C.  for  Mr.  NASH'S  ILLUS- 
TRA  TED  SPRING  LIST.  It  will  bring  to  your  notice 
many  of  the  latest  and  most  interesting  booksh 
and  will  be  sent  post  free  on  application. 


No.  4192,  Feb.  29,  1908 


THE    ATHENAEUM 


245 


SOME  NEW  BOOKS  FROM  CHAPMAN  &  HALL'S  LIST 

THE    NEWLY    DISCOVERED    WRITINGS    OF    DICKENS. 

PUBLISHED    THIS     DAY. 

MISCELLANEOUS    PAPERS,    PLAYS,    AND   POEMS. 

By   CHARLES    DICKENS. 

With   20  Illustrations  by  CRUIKSHANK,  E.  N.  WARD,  T.  W.    BROWN,  LOUIS  HAGHE,   PH.    BENOIST,    LEECH,   EUGENE   LAMI,  "PHIZ,"   H.  C.  MACGUIRE, 
HIRAM  POWER,  STANFIELD,  and  from  Contemporary  Prints  and  Lithographs. 

2  vols,  in  "  THE  NATIONAL  EDITION  "  of  his  Works. 

NOTE.— These  Volumes  comprise  Volumes  XXXV.  and  XXXVI.  of  the  "  NATIONAL  "  EDITION  OF  DICKENS'S  WORKS,  which  is  limited  to  750  Sets,  sold  in  Sets  only.  The 
M  iscellaneous  Papers  contained  therein  are  from  the  Examiner,  Household  Words  and  All  the  Year  Round,  and  have  never  been  included  in  any  collected  edition  of  the  Novelist's  Works 
before.  The  majority  of  them  have  only  recently  been  identified  as  the  Work  of  Dickens,  and  are  now  Reprinted  for  the  first  time.  The  Introduction  to  the  Volumes  deals  with  the 
contents  in  general  terms,  gives  authenticity  to  the  discoveries,  and  corrects  errors  made  by  previous  bibliographers,  in  their  research  for  Dickens's  anonymous  contributions  to 
his  own  periodicals. 

A  few  Sets  of  the  "NATIONAL"  EDITION  OF  DICKENS'S   WORKS  are    still  to  be  had.     Applications  for  Prospectuses  should  be  made  at 
once   to  the   Publishers. 


THE    REV.    R.    J.    CAMPBELL'S    NEW    BOOK. 


You   may   not  agree  with   Mr.    Campbell,    but  you  cannot  ignore  him. 

social  and  religious  discussion. 


He  has  become  a  force  to  be  reckoned  with  in  every  field  of 
His  new  book  is  called 


CHRISTIANITY   AND    THE    SOCIAL    ORDER. 

Crown  8vo,  6s. 
HERE  ARE  A  FEW  TESTIMONIES  TO  ITS  CONSPICUOUS  QUALITIES. 


1.  ITS  PRACTICAL  COMMONSENSE. 

"The  most  practically  important  of  his  books,  the  climax  to  which  the  others 
naturally  lead." — Christian  World. 

"It  is  well  to  have  such  a  treatise  as  this,  written  in  such  scholarly  and  intelligible 
language." — Leeds  Mercury. 

2.  ITS  SINCERITY. 

"  There  is  sincerity,  there  is  a  fine  fearlessness,  there  is  a  passionate  sympathy  with 
the  poor  and  oppressed." — Daily  Neivs. 

"  His  personality  gives  it  much  interest,  and  the  piquancy  of  his  style  compels 
attention."— Tribune. 

"  Inspired  by  burning  unselfish  sympathy  for  the  poor."— Daily  Chronicle. 


,  3.     ITS  SIGNIFICANCE. 

"The  book  is  a  very  remarkable  sign  of  the  times,  and  is  sure  to  arouse  much 
j  controversy." — Daily  Mail. 

"  Mr.  Campbell  is  rapidly  journeying  to  an  unique  position  amongst  men ....  A  notable 
i  and  impressive  document." — Daily  Chronicle.  "  An  amazing  book." — Daily  Express. 

J  4.     ITS  INTELLECTUAL  BEAUTY. 

"  The  vision  of  Mr.  Campbell  is  an  inspiring  one." — Leeds  Mercury. 

"  When  a  man  dares  to  play  Isaiah  to  an  unimaginative  people  ;  when  he  is  so  bold  as 

to  picture  the  lion  and  the  lamb  lying  down  together,  and  swords  of  competition  beaten 

1  into  ploughshares  of  collective  helpfulness ;  when  he  turns  his  gaze  to  the  hills  and 

!  catches  glimpses  of  the  feet  of  those  who  bring  good  tidings— when  a  man  does  all  this,  he 

does  what  our  age  needs,  and  no  crudity  or  excess  of  hopefulness  is  to  be  a  final  charge 

against  him." — Christian  World. 


MESSRS.  CHAPMAN  &  HALL  HAVE  MUCH  PLEASURE  IN  ANNOUNCING  THAT  THEY  HAVE  NOW  READY  A 

SECOND    EDITION    OF 

THE      LITERARY     MANS      BIBLE. 

By  W.  L.  COURTNEY,  M.A.  LL.D.      Demy  8vo,  10s.  Gd.  net. 
ALL  ORDERS  CAN  NOW  BE  SUPPLIED  BY  ALL  BOOKSELLERS  THROUGHOUT  THE  COUNTRY. 

"  Mr.  Courtney  has  made  his  selection  with  admirable  wisdom  and  restraint.  He  has  brought  to  the  task  scholarship  as  well  as  literary  judgment.  The  result  is  a 
volume  which  lovers  of  literature  will  read  with  joy  and  profit^that  is  the  point !— and  be  glad  to  keep.  The  Bible  itself  actually  gains  in  force  and  value  as  treated  by  Mr. 
Courtney." — Daily  Chronicle. 

NEW    NOVELS    JUST    PUBLISHED. 


NEW    NOVEL    BY    E.    TEMPLE    THURSTON. 
SALLY   BISHOP :   a  Romance.    By  E.  Temple  Thurston,  Author 
of  'The  Apple  of  Eden,'  'The  Evolution  of  Katherine,'  &c. 

"  It  is  a  clever  novel,  for  Mr.  Thurston  is  a  clever  man.  He  has  great  powers  of  percep- 
tion. His  occasional  reflections  are  decidedly  pungent,  and  he  has  a  nice  sense  of  character. 
.. .  .Mr.  Thurston  has  not  often  given  us  so  tender  a  note  as  he  has  in  the  delineation  of 
Sally  Bishop."— Mr.  W.  L.  Courtney  in  the  Daily  Telegraph. 

"Mr.  Thurston's  treatment  of  his  theme  is  good— not  unsuggestive  of  Mr.  Hardy.... 
Sally  herself  is  cleverly  and  sympathetically  portrayed,  and  her  friend  Janet  is  well 
drawn." — Daily  Graphic. 

A  NOVEL    OP    "WIT    AND    HUMOUR    BY    REGINALD    TURNER. 
IMPERIAL     BROWN     OF     BRIXTON.      By   Reginald    Turner, 
Author  of  'The  Steeple,'  '  Davroy's  Affairs,'  '  Castles  in  Kensington,'  'Peace  on 
Earth,'  Ac. 

"  A  really  good  humorous  novel,  packed  with  clean,  vigorous  fun,  and  always  '  keeping 
on  the  windy  side'  of  taste,  comes  'as  a  boon  and  a  blessing  to  men,'  and  such  a  boon 
Mr.  Reginald  Turner  has  undoubtedly  bestowed  upon  the  literary  public  in  '  Imperial 
Brown  of  Brixton.'  For  this  is  a  delightfully  funny  tale,  which  amuses  without  degenerat- 
ing into  absurdity,  and  maintains  its  flow  of  high  spirits  unabated  from  the  first  page  to 
the  last."—  Daily  Telegraph. 

"  Mr.  Turner's  gaiety  disarms  criticism.  His  style  is  polished  and  easy  in  the  extreme  : 
his  touch  is  of  the  lightest,  and  the  whole  book  sparkles  with  wit,  and,  what  is  better, 
humour." — Morning  Leader. 

"  Mr.  Turner  has  written  a  very  amusing  story  with  an  excellent  moral  for  the  tourist 
who  tries  to  be  more  French  than  the  French."—  Daily  Mail. 


A    POWERFUL    NOVEL    BY    BENJAMIN    SWIFT. 
THE    DEATH    MAN.     By  Benjamin  Swift,  Author  of  '  Nancy  Noon,' 
'The  Tormentor,'  'Life's  Questionings,'  Ac. 

"It  is  delightfully  clever The  hero  is  a  public  executioner Mr.  Swift  draws  him 

with  more  cleverness  than  Balzac." — Daily  Chronicle. 

"  It  is  a  comfort  to  meet  with  a  novel  written  in  a  sound  and  cultivated  English  style." 

Times. 
"Those  who  may  hesitate  to  take  up   'The  Death    Man'  on  account  of  any  fear  of 
subsequent  depression  may  be  at  once  assured  that  there  is  as  much  pleasure  as  pain,  as 
much  hope  as  despair,  and  that  the  end  is  a  victory  for  happiness."—  Daily  Graphic. 
"  This  very  striking  book ....  A  novel  of  singular  and  lurid  power."— Observer. 
"  A  story  indisputably  of  great  power  and   vigour....  It  may  safely  be  said  that  all 
who  can  appreciate  a  keen  and  searching  analysis  of  character  will   recognize  the  real 
strength  ana  high  intellectual  quality  of  this  impressive  study." — Daily  Telegraph. 

A  SENSATIONAL  NOVEL  BY  GELETT  BURGESS. 
THE  WHITE  CAT.  By  Gelett  Bcrgess.  Author  of  '  The  Lively  City 
o'  Ligg,'  '  A  Little  Sister  of  Destiny,'  Ac. 
"The  story  is  based  on  the  well-known  phenomenon  of  a  dual  personality  ;  for  Joy  is 
sometimes  Edna,  a  very  inferior,  though,  of  course,  equally  beautiful  young  woman,  who 
is  under  the  hypnotic  influence  of  an  evil-disposed  doctor.  The  love-making  with  Joy, 
the  struggle  with  the  doctor,  the  trouble  with  and  final  dramatic  extinction  of  Edna,  all 
are  detailed  with  a  deft  and  skilful  hand."— Times. 

"An  extraordinary  plot.    While  it  is  wildly  impossible,   it   holds  one's  interest.     A 
fantastic  nightmare  of  a  tale,  which  one  follows  with  a  kind  of  excited  bewilderment." 

Tribune. 


FORTHCOMING 

BY    EDEN    PHILLPOTTS. 
THE  HUMAN  BOY   AGAIN.    By  Eden  Phillpotts,  Author  of 'The 

Whirlwind.'     Illustrated  by  L.  RAVEN-HILL. 

BY    OSWALD    CRAWFURD. 
THE  MYSTERY  OF  MYRTLE  COTTAGE.     By  Oswald  Crawfi  ni>, 
Author  of  '  In  (Jreen  Fields,'  'The  Revelations  of  Inspector  Morgan,'  Ac. 

BY   RIDGWELL    CULLUM. 
THE  WATCHERS  OF  THE  PLAINS.     A  Story  of  Western  Canada. 
By  RIDGWELL  CULLUM,  Author  of  'The  Devil's  Keg,'  'The  Night  Riders,'  Ac. 


NOVELS. 

BY   "WILLIAM    HOPE    HODGSON. 

THE     HOUSE    ON    THE    BORDERLAND.      By 
HODGSON,  Author  of  'The  Boats  of  the  Glen  Cirrig,'  Ac. 


William    HorK 


BY    U.    L.    MORICHINI. 

SEED  ON  STONY  GROUND.    By  U.  L  Morkhim. 

A  plain-spoken  religious  novel,  dealing  critically  with  the  Roman  Chutch. 
story  has  had  a  very  great  success  in  Italy. 


The 


London:    CHAPMAN   &   HALL,   Ltd.,    11,  Henrietta  Street,   W.C. 


246 


T  II  E     AT  II  KN\i;  (JM 


No.  U92,  Feb.  29,  I 


MACMILLAN  &  CO.'S 

NEW    BOOKS. 


READY  NEXT  TUESDAY. 

MODERN    EGYPT. 

isY  Tin: 

EARL  OF   CROMER. 

With  Portrait  of  tho  Author  and   a   Map. 
2  vols.     24*.  net. 

RAMBLING 

RECOLLECTIONS. 

By  Sir  HENRY  DRUMMOND  WOLFF. 
With    Photogravure    and    other    Illustrations. 
SECOND   IMPRESSION.     2  vols.  8vo,  30s.  net. 


SECOND  IMPRESSION. 
A    NEW    BOOK    ON    BUDDHISM. 

THE  INWARD  LIGHT. 

By  H.  FIELDING  HALL,  Author  of  'The  Soul 
of  a  People,'  &c.    8vo,  10s.  net. 

THE  POCKET  KIPLING. 


Scarlet  limp  leather,  5«.  net  per  vol. 
FROM  SEA  TO  SEA.     Vol.  II. 


[Tuesday. 


THE  EVERSLEY  TENNYSON. 

Annotated  by  ALFRED,  LORD  TENNYSON. 

Edited  by  IIALLAM,  LORD  TENNYSON. 

In  9  vols.  Globe  8vo,  4s.  net  each. 

Vol.  I.  POEMS.  Vol.  II.  POEMS. 

Vol.  III.  ENOCH  ABDEN  and  IN  MEMORIAM. 

THIRD  AND   CONCLUDING  PART. 


THE  DYNASTS. 

A  Drama    of    the    Napoleonic  Avars.      By  THOMAS 

HARDY.     Part  III.    Crown  8vo,  4s.  (kl.  net. 

Preciously  Published :  Parts  I.  and  II.  4s.  6d.  net  each. 

Mr.  \V.  L.  Courtney  in  the  Daily  Telegraph  says:—"  'The 

Dynasts '  is  one  of  the  most  magnificent  contributions  which 

Mr.  Hardy  has  made  to  the  literature  of  our  time." 

NEW  AND  CHEAPER  EDITION  WITH  AN    _1 
INTRODUCTION. 

PRINCIPLES   OF 
WESTERN  CIVILISATION. 

A  Sociological  Study.  By  BENJAMIN  KIDD,  Author 
of  '  Social  Evolution.'  Extra  crown  8vo,  5s.  net. 
Observer.—"  As  to  the  richness  and  depth  of  these  pages, 
and  the  profound  significance  of  their  endeavour  to  eluci- 
date the  main  law  of  progress  in  organized  societies,  there 
has  never  beeu  any  question  among  the  few.  But  the 
many  have  not  as  yet  discovered  this  great  study,  and  we 
cannot  wish  better  for  the  Empire  than  that  the  book 
should  be  widely  read  and  pondered  upon  in  its  new 
shape." 

A    NEW   VOLUME    OF    ESSAYS. 

CONFESSIO  MEDICI. 

By  the  Writer  of  'The  Young  People.'    Extra  crown 

8vo,  3«.  Crf.  net. 
Standard. — "  Many  classes  of  people  will  welcome  the 
wise  and  tender  thoughts  that  have  gone  to  the  making 
of  this  book." 


TYPES  OF   TRAGIC  DRAMA. 

By  Prof.  C.  E.  VAUGHAN.    Extra  crown  8vo,  5s.  net. 

THE  INQUISITION  OF  THE 
SPANISH  DEPENDENCIES. 

By  HENRY  CHARLES  LEA,  LL.D.     8vo,  108.  6rf.  net. 


HURST  &  BLACKETT'S 
NEW  LIST. 


SIX-SHILLING    NOVELS. 

ATOllr    READY. 

NEW  NOVEL  BY  EDWARD  McNULTY, 

Author  of  '  Maureen,'  '  Mistlier  O'Ryan,'  &c. 

MRS.  MULLIGAN'S  MILLIONS 

NEW  NOVEL  BY   MRS.   ALICE   DIEHL, 

Author  of  '  The  Garden  of  Eden,'  '  True  Story 
of  My  Life,'  &e. 

AN  ACTORS  LOVE  STORY. 


NEW  NOVEL  BY  MRS.  FRED  REYNOLDS, 

Author  of  'A  Quaker  Wooing,'  'In  Silence,'  &c. 

ST.  DAVID  OF  THE  DUST. 

"This  pathetic  story,  with  its  heroic  climax,  holds  the 
reader's  heart." — Scotsman. 

"The  Welsh  spirit  of  mysticism  and  poetry  pervades  the 
book...  it  will  inevitably  add  to  Mrs.  Reynolds's  already 
established  reputation." — Daily  Express. 

SECOND  IMPRESSION. 

THE      RED      PERIL. 

By  COULSON  KERNAHAN, 

Author  of  *  Captain  Shannon,'  '  The  Dumpling,'  &c. 

"  Mr.  Coulson  Kernahan  has  certainly  given  us  a  story 
which  makes  very  interesting  reading,  and  which  exhibits 
his  strong,  uncommon  powers  of  invention  in  one  of  their 
most  attractive  lights ....  Full  of  hair-raising  mystery,  adven- 
ture, and  excitement." — Staiulard. 

MYSTERY   ISLAND.     By  Edward 

H.  HURST. 

THE  IMBECILES.    By  L.  Lockhart 

LANG. 

CLEMENTINA'S  HIGHWAYMAN. 

By  R.  NEILSON  STEPHENS  and  G.  H.  WESTLEY. 
6  Illustrations  by  ADELAIDE  EVERHART. 


EDNA  LYALLS  NOVELS. 

Reset,  in  a  new  artistic  binding,  crown  Svo,  3^.  6d. 
DONOVAN :  a  Modern  Englishman. 
WE  TWO. 
KNIGHT  ERRANT. 
IN  THE  GOLDEN  DAYS. 
WON  BY  WAITING. 
A  HARDY  NORSEMAN. 
TO  RIGHT  THE  WRONG. 
IN  SPITE  OF  ALL. 

EARLY  IN  MARCH. 

NEW  NOVEL 

BY  CHRISTABEL  COLERIDGE, 

Author  of   •  An  English  Squire,'   '  The  Tender 
Mercies  of  the  Good,'  &c. 

MISS      LUCY. 

NEW  NOVEL  BY  A  NEW  WRITER. 

THE    SQUATTERS    WARD. 

By  E.  S.  SORENSEN. 


MACMILLAN  &   CO.,   Ltd.,   London. 


NEW  NOVEL  BY  RALPH  RODD, 

Author  of  'A  Fighter  in  Khaki.' 

THE  HAND  ON  THE  STRINGS. 


HURST    &    BLACKETT,    Limited, 
182,  High   Holborn,  W.C. 


H.  G.  WELLS 


ON 


SOCIALISM. 


NEW  WORLDS  FOR  OLD, 

An  authoritatiue  account  of  the  Socialist 

idea,    will    be    published    on     MONDAY, 

price  6s. 

THE  PROCEDURE  OF  THE  HOUSE 

OF  COMMONS.  A  Study  of  its  Hhtory 
and  Present  Form.  By  JOSEF  REDUCE, 
Professor  in  the  Faculty  of  Law  and  Political 
Science  in  the  University  of  Vienna,  Author  of 
'  Local  Government  in  England.'  Translated 
from  the  German  by  A.  ERNE8T  >TE1N- 
THAL,  of  Lincoln's  Inn,  Barrister-at-Law, 
formerly  Fellow  of  Trinity  College,  Cam- 
bridge. With  an  Introduction  and  a  Supple- 
mentary Chapter  by  Sir  COURTENAY 
ILBERT,  K.C.S.I.,  Clerk  to  the  Hook 
Commons.  Royal  8vo,  3  volumes,  31*.  6V. 
net. 

"Noble  in  its  proportions,  admirable  in  i'.~ 
thoroughness,  luminous  in  its  style,  this  book  is 
an   invaluable  addition  to  English  Constitutional 

Literature Dr.  Redlich  has  been  a  patient  and 

admiring    student   of    British    institutions Sir 

Courtenay  Libert's  Preface  is  itself  a  delightful  and 
informing  essay  on  the  functions  and  procedure  of 
the  House  of  Commons.  He  unites  charm  of  styl<- 
to  intimate  knowledge  of  all  the  intricacies  of 
procedure  and  of  the  historical  significance  that 

lies   behind    many  curious  forms  and  phrases 

Dr.  Redlich's  work  has  been  translated  into 
English  with  brilliant  ability  by  Mr.  A.  Ernest 
Steinthal,  Barrister-at-Law,  of  Lincoln's  Inn.  To 
everj'  serious  student  of  our  Parliamentary  in- 
stitutions this  great  and  scholarly  work  is  in- 
dispensable."— Daily  Chronicle. 

READY  NEXT  WEEK. 
LETTERS    FROM    THE    RAVEN. 

The  Correspondence  of  Lafcadio  Hearn  with 
Henry  Widkin.     5ft.  net. 

THE  SYMBOLIST  MOVEMENT  IN 

LITERATURE.  By  ARTHUR  SYMONS. 
New  Edition.  Uniform  with  volumes  pre- 
viously issued.     5s.  net. 

PORTUGUESE    ARCHITECTURE. 


By  W.  CRUM  WATSON. 
Super- royal  Svo,  25s.  net. 


Fully  illustrated. 


ROMANTIC    TALES   FROM   THE 

PANJAB.  With  Indian  Nights'  Entertain- 
ment. New  Edition,  Revised.  Collected  by 
Rev.  C.  SWYNNERTON.     Qs.  net. 


NEW    6-    NOVELS. 
THE  ANCIENT  LAW. 

ELLEN    GLASGOW. 
Author  of  'The  Deliverance.' 

A  COMEDY  OF  MOODS. 

GREVILLE   H.   TEMPANY. 

THE  DAUGHTER. 

CONSTANCE  SMEDLEY. 


London :   A.  CONSTABLE  &  CO.  Ltd. 


No.  4192,  Feb.  29,  1908 


THE    ATHENAEUM 


247 


SATURDAY,  FEBRUARY  29,  1908. 


CONTENTS. 


Coleridge's  Biographia  Literaria 

Nicholson's  Literary  History  of  the  Arabs     . . 

A  Princess  of  Intrigue 

The  Pirates  of  Malabar 

New  Novels  (Somehow  Good ;  The  Death  Man  ;  The 
Silver  Zone  ;  Sweet  Life  ;  The  Young  Columbine  ; 
Mystery  Island ;  A  King  in  Rags ;  France  d'exil)  252- 

The  Hungarian  Language 

Short  Stokies ,••_-■ 

Our  Library  Table  (A  Great  Labour  Leader;  The 
Manchester  and  Glasgow  Road  ;  In  the  Footprints 
of  Dante  ;  Lexicon  to  Milton's  Poetical  Works  ; 
The  Small  Holdings  Handbook ;  The  Agricultural 
Holdings  Act ;  Lettres  a  Franchise  marine  ;  In  the 
Land  of  the  Beautiful  Trout ;  Everyman's  Library; 
The  English  Catalogue  ;  Archiv  fiir  das  Studium 
deutscher  Kolonialsprachen  ;  The  Library ;  The 
Newspaper  Press  Directory) 255- 

An  Unpublished  Letter  of  Sir  Walter  Scott  ; 
'The  Spanish  Jade';  Dante  and  Egypt;  The 
'Guide'  to  the  Public  Records;  "Tregentil 
Chaucer"  and  "A.  Godwhen"     ..       ..      257- 

List  of  New  Books 

Literary  Gossip        

Science  —  Research  Notes  ;  Anthropological 
Notes  ;  Societies  ;  Meetings  Next  Week  ; 
Gossip 261 

Fine  Arts— Early  Woodcut  Initials  ;  The  Slade  ; 
Fourth  Portfolio  of  the  Arundel  Club  ; 
Vasari  on  Technique  ;  The  Petit  Trianon, 
Versailles;  The  House  Beautiful  and  Use- 
ful ;  The  Royal  Society  of  Painter  Etchers 
and  Engravers;  M.  Be.iot's  Etchings;  Mr. 
William  Callow;  Sale;  Gossip;  Exhibitions 

264 

Music— Hugo  Wolf  ;  Gossip  ;  Performances  Next 
Wfek 

Drama— The  Sicilian  Players  ;  Matt  of  Merry- 
mount  ;  Gossip     267 

Index  to  Advertisers       


age 

247 
248 
250 
251 


-253 
253 
254 


-258 


-258 
258 
259 


-263 


-207 
267 


-268 
208 


LITERATURE 


Biographia  Literaria.  By  S.  T.  Coleridge. 
Edited,  with  his  iEsthetical  Essays, 
by  J.  Shawcross.  (Oxford,  Clarendon 
Press.) 

The  Poems  of  Coleridge.  With  an  Intro- 
duction by  Ernest  Hartley  Coleridge, 
and  Illustrations  by  Gerald  Metcalfe. 
(John  Lane.) 

Where  shall  we  find  a  work  of  its  class 
more  genial,  suggestive,  and  stimulating 
than  the  '  Biographia '  ?  Yet  a  worthily 
equipped  reprint  has  long  been  wanted, 
and  the  reason  is  not  far  to  seek.  So 
perplexing  are  the  literary,  and,  to  a  charit- 
able mind,  so  painful  the  ethical,  problems 
involved  that  more  than  one  student, 
qualified  by  taste  and  study  for  the  work, 
has  begun  and  presently  abandoned  it 
in  despair — not  of  extricating  the  truth, 
however  deeply  buried  in  the  mass  of 
contradictory  evidence,  but  of  squaring 
it  when  disinterred  with  the  poet's  ex- 
plicit pretensions  —  of  reconciling  the 
plain  facts  with  Coleridge's  integrity 
as  a  writer,  and  spontaneity  in  the  sphere 
of  productive  thought. 

Sixty  years  ago  Coleridge's  daughter 
completed  and  published  an  edition  of 
the  '  Biographia  '  on  which,  at  the  time 
of  his  death  in  1843,  her  husband  had 
been  engaged.  To  this  she  prefixed  an 
Introduction,  in  which  she  strove  to  clear 
her  father's  name  from  the  stigma  of 
deliberate  plagiarism,  and  vindicate  his 
rank  as  the  founder  of  a  new  philosophy. 
Her  cause  was  desperate,  yet  the  daugh- 
ter's piety  disarmed  and,  for  the  moment, 
silenced  the  accusers.  Since  her  death 
in  1852  the  ugly  charges  have,  however, 
been  revived  once  and  again.  In  The 
Fortnightly,    October,     1867,    Coleridge's 


pretensions  were  scouted,  and  his  literary 
methods  and  character  bitterly  assailed, 
by  Dr.  Hutchison  Stirling,  the  accredited 
English  interpreter  of  Kant  and  Hegel. 
According  to  Dr.  Stirling,  Coleridge  in 
the  '  Biographia '  fails  to  grasp  Kant's 
meaning  at  certain  cardinal  points — the 
theory  of  perception,  for  instance  ;  while 
he  disingenuously  poses  as  the  reintro- 
ducer  "  from  our  early  divines  and  philo- 
sophers "  of  the  terms  objective  and  sub- 
jective, and  the  distinctions  of  transcendent 
and  transcendental,  reason  and  understand- 
ing— terms  and  distinctions  "  absolutely 
and  exclusively  Kant's  and  Kant's  alone." 
In  like  manner  Coleridge  pretends  to  have 
imported  the  words  potence  and  potentiate 
("I  shall  venture  to  use  '  potence  ' . . . . 
in  imitation  of  the  algebraists.  I  have 
even  hazarded  the  new  verb  '  poten- 
tiate,' "  &c,  '  Biogr.,'  chap,  xii.) — words 
first  employed  in  this  connexion  by  Schel- 
ling,  and  appropriated  from  his  works 
by  Coleridge. 

Eighteen  months  later,  in  a  paper  re- 
printed from  the  Transactions  of  the 
Royal  Society  of  Literature,  Dr.  C.  M. 
Ingleby  followed  up  the  attack,  charging 
Coleridge  with  wholesale  theft  from  Schel- 
ling,  deriding  his  "  ostrich-like  devices  " 
for  concealing  his  wholesale  plagiarisms, 
and  averring  that  he  had  utterly  failed 
to  "  bottom  his  Schelling  " — in  a  word, 
that  Coleridge  the  philosopher  proves 
on  examination  "  a  very  impostor." 
He  compares  Coleridge  to  Mr.  Turveydrop, 
the  bland  Professor  of  Deportment  in 
'  Bleak  House '  ;  even  as  Dr.  Stirling 
had  previously  likened  him  to  Harold 
Skimpole  in  the  same  novel.  The  multi- 
tude, says  George  Eliot  somewhere,  de- 
light in  the  spectacle  of  a  great  man's 
disgrace  :  it  is  the  satire  they  best  under- 
stand. These  violent  assaults,  lately  re- 
newed by  Mr.  Robertson  ('  Essays  towards 
a  New  Critical  Method '),  have  reacted 
with  damaging  effect  on  Coleridge's 
popular  credit,  till  nowadays  the  very 
hares  of  journalism,  joining  their  thin 
querulous  cries  to  the  gallant  chiding 
of  the  hounds,  insult  deliriously  over  the 
wounded  literary  lion.  One  of  the  breed 
exclaims  that  Coleridge  "  had  the  im- 
pudence to  die  in  his  sixty-third  year, 
with  nothing  to  show  for  his  life  but  a 
tiny  handful  of  poems,  some  of  which 
he  had  not  even  the  grace  to  finish." 
Such  is  the  shape  which  the  strictures 
of  The  Fortnightly  reviewer  have,  after 
forty  years,  assumed  in  the  daily  press. 
Doctrina  per  tot  manus  tradita  tandem 
in  vappam  desiit.  Detraction  ever  wins 
the  day,  if  not  through  conviction,  yet 
through  acquiescence.  Little  wonder  is 
it  that  the  British  reader's  digestion  is 
astray,  and  that  people  who  nourish 
their  wits  on  contemporary  criticism 
are  apt  to  turn  away  from  the  strong 
meat  of  Coleridge's  prose. 

Here,  however,  comes  an  artist  who 
has  made  of  that  meat  a  savoury  and 
wholesome  dish  (o  tempt  the  languid 
palate.  His  condiments  are  alterative 
and  tonic  ;  liis  aim  to  brace  the  feeder, 
not  to  disturb  or  inflame  him.  Plainly. 
Mr.     Shawcross    shuns    all    controversy, 


choosing  rather  to  give  the  fruits  of  a 
patient  and  expert  study  of  Coleridge's 
prose — especially  that  concerned  with  the 
nature  of  art  and  the  principles  of  artistic 
criticism — than  to  enter  into;:  minute 
and,  for  his  purpose,  idle  disputes  over 
Coleridge's  alleged  thefts  from  the  Ger- 
mans, or  other  vexed  questions,  moral 
or  biographical.  In  an  Introduction,  ad- 
mirable alike  in  temper  and  erudition, 
he  traces  the  poet's  speculative  views 
through  the  successive  phases  of  their 
development,  with  a  special  reference 
to  his  philosophy  of  art.  And  he  does 
succeed  in  showing  that  Coleridge's  central 
convictions,  however  freely  he  may  have 
borrowed  from  others  the  mode  and  means 
of  their  exposition,  were  yet  in  origin 
and  in  substance  native  ;  that  they  grew 
out  of  his  own  experience — his  joys  and 
sorrows,  ardours  and  anguishes,  satisfac- 
tions and  discontents  ;  that  they  were 
the  gift  and  guerdon  of  Life — of  that 

elemental  strife 
Towards  feeling  manifold  with  vision  blent 
To  wider  thought. 

"  Coleridge's  deepest  philosophy," 
writes  Mr.  Shawcross, 

"  was  drawn  not  from  the  speculations  of 
other  men,  but  from  the  teaching  of  life, 
the  inevitable  conclusions  forced  on  him  by 
his  experience  bodily,  mental,  and  spiritual, 
in  his  intercourse  with  man  and  in  tho 
companionship  of  Nature." 

In  some  twenty  pages  (liv-lxxvii)  of 
his  Introduction  Mr.  Shawcross  defines 
with  elaborate  precision  the  points  of 
divergence  between  Kant,  Schelling,  and 
Coleridge ;  of  this  part  of  his  work, 
which  indeed  deserves  unqualified  praise, 
we  must  not,  however,  stay  to  speak. 
Though  his  methods  are  non-contentious, 
Mr.  Shawcross  holds  a  brief  for  his  author: 

"  I  cannot  myself  feel  that  Coleridge  is 
guilty  either  of  insincerity  or  self-deception, 
when  he  declares  that  the  similarity  of  his 
philosophical  standpoint  to  that  of  Schelling 
is  a  matter  of  coincidence." 

Such  is  the  profession,  calm  and  concise, 
with  which  he  confronts  the  dire  array 
of  accusers — De  Quincey,  Sir  W.  Hamilton, 
Prof.  Ferrier,  Drs.  Stirling  and  Ingleby, 
and  Mr.  Robertson.  That  Coleridge  had, 
before  studying  Kant  (whom  he  began  to 
read  very  early  in  1801),  reached  the 
"critical "  attitude — this  may  be  conceded 
to  Mr.  Shawcross  ;  and  in  this  sense  he 
may  be  said  to  have  anticipated  Kant. 
But  with  the  leading  distinctive  positions 
of  Schelling,  those  "  main  and  funda- 
mental ideas  "  of  transcendental  idealism 
which  Coleridge  asserts  to  have  been 
"  born  and  matured  in  his  mind  before 
he  had  ever  seen  a  single  page  of 
Schelling,"  it  is  otherwise.  Now  line, 
in  his  printed  works,  his  letters,  or  (so 
far  as  they  have  been  published)  his 
notebooks,  is  there  anything  resembling 
Schelling's  system,  or  any  part  of  it, 
except  what  is  found  to  be  translated, 
mostly  word  for  word,  from  the  '  System 
of  Transcendental  [dealism'  (1800),  the 
'Exposition  of  the  True  Relation  of 
Nature- Philosophy  to  the  Amended  Fioh- 
tian  Views'  (1800),  or,  lastly,  from  the 
'  Philosophical  Tracts  '  (1809)  —  three 
books  which,  at  the  time  when  the  '  Bio- 


248 


THE     A  Til  ENjEUM 


No.  4102,  Fkh.  :>!),  1908 


i.iphiu  '    was    composed,    were    m    Cole- 

pooooooion      ii  "  oonoeivable  that 
Coleridge,  who  habitually  committed  all 

liis  thought*  to  his  notebooks  and  (in 
Donespondenoe)  to  his  friends,  should 
bave  liad  never  a  word  to  say  touching 
this  new  and  imposing  system — never  a 
bird's-eye  view  of  it  for  Wordsworth 
or  Beaumont  or  Southey  or  the  Wedg- 
woods— if,  as  he  maintains,  he  had 
elaborated  it  suo  Marie  long  before  he 
found  it  in  Schelling  ?  In  the  '  Bio- 
graphia,'  chap,  ix.,  Coleridge  introduces 
a  lengthy  extract  from  the  '  Exposition,' 
&c,  with  the  following  statement  : — 

"  Whilo  I  in  part  translate  the  following 
observations  from  a  contemporary  writer 
of  the  Continent,  let  mo  bo  permitted  to 
premise,  that  I  might  have  transcribed  the 
substance  from  memoranda  of  my  own,  which 
were  written  long  before  his  pamphlet  [1806] 
was  given  to  the  world  ;  and  that  I  prefer 
another's  words  to  my  own,  partty  as  a 
ti  ibute  due  to  priority  of  publication  ;  but 
still  more  from  the  pleasure  of  sympathy,  in 
a  case  where  coincidence  only  was  possible.' ' 

Whither  have  these  memoranda 
vanished,  leaving  not  a  trace  of  their 
existence  ?  It  is  significant  that  every 
one  of  the  "  thefts "  from  Schelling  in 
the  '  Biographia '  comes  from  one  or 
other  of  the  three  books  which  Coleridge 
owned  that  he  possessed.  "  Had  Cole- 
ridge," writes  Dr.  Ingleby, 
"  applied  himself  to  elucidate  and  expound 
the  borrowed  doctrines,  the  case  would 
have  been  very  different.  This,  however, 
he  does  not  do.  He  borrows  verbatim, 
and,  but  for  a  few  intercalary  remarks  of 
no  value,  leaves  the  borrowed  passages  to 
shift  for  themselves.  Nay,  further,  not 
content  with  appropriating  other  men's 
matter  and  words,  he  resorts  to  various 
subterfugos ....  to  divert  public  attention 
from  the  plagiarisms,  which  he  affects  to 
regard  as  '  genial  coincidences.'  " 

This  is  cruel,  yet  its  truth  is,  unhappily, 
beyond     dispute.      Doubtless     Coleridge, 
when   entering   these   translations  in   his 
notebooks    (1806-11),    had    indulged   the 
complacent  illusion  that  he  had  hammered 
out    their    substance    for    himself    long 
before  ;    but  when  it  came  to  deducing 
the  scheme  of  transcendental  idealism  on 
paper   for   the    '  Biographia '    (1815),    he 
was  reduced  to  rely  blindly  on  Schilling's 
very  words,  and  sooner  than  betray  the 
extent    of    his    dependence    by    specific 
references — a   course   which   would   have 
amounted  to  an  admission  either  of  in- 
capacity, or  of  the  indolence  with  which 
he  was  charged  alike  by  friend  and  foe — 
he   stooped   to  desperate  shifts,  such   as 
that    of   interlarding    the    extracts    from 
Schelling    with   allusions    to   Milton    and 
Warburton    and    Priestley,   men    whom, 
he    calculated,   no    reader    would    think 
Schelling  likely  to  concern  himself  with  ; 
or  that  of  interpolating  a  phraso  implica- 
tive,   while   not    positively   assertive,    of 
originality,   as  where,   at  the  close  of  a 
page  (ed.  Shawcross,  i.  168)  closely  ren- 
dered   from    Schelling    ('Phil.    Schrift.,' 
i.   327),   he  winds  up  with   "  To  remain 
unintelligible   to   such   a   mind,    exclaims 
Schelling   on   a    like   occasion,    is   honour 
and  a  good  name  before  God  and  man" — 
where,  in  point  of  fact,  this  is  the  occasion 


in    question,    and    the    whole    sentence, 

except      the     words     here     italicized,     is 
Schelling'a ! 

Be  it  then  admitted  that,  under 
the  disabling  conditions  of  bodily 
languor  and  acute  mental  distress  and 
harassment,  Coleridge  was  tempted  to 
appropriate  silently  some  pages  of  Maasz 
and  Schelling,  and  thereafter  resorted 
to  these  questionable  devices  to  conceal 
his  act.  "  Things  bad  begun  make  strong 
themselves  by  ill."  Happily,  wc  may  add 
with  truth  that  were  every  line  of  the 
borrowed  matter  subtracted,  the  literary 
value  and  charm  of  the  '  Biographia ' 
would  lose  nothing.  Indeed,  the  defini- 
tion, at  the  close  of  chap,  xiii.,  of  the 
nature  and  functions  of  the  imagination 
neither  rests  upon  nor  in  any  way  pre- 
supposes the  postulates,  theses,  scholia, 
&c,  of  the  preceding  chapter  ;  it  relishes 
not  at  all  of  Schelling,  but  of  Kant  only. 
Mr.  Shawcross,  by  the  way,  will  find  the 
substance  of  the  theses  in  Schelling' s 
early  tract  '  Von  Ich  als  Princip  die 
Philosophic '  (Tubingen,  1795),  included 
in  the  '  Philosophische  Schriften'  of  1809. 
As  an  annotator,  if  Mr.  Shawcross  has  a 
fault,  it  is  that  he  takes  all  Coleridge's 
anecdotes  au  pied  de  la  lettre.  Now,  as 
Lamb  said,  one  must  not  mind  Coleridge, 
he  is  so  full  of  fun.  We  may  be  sure, 
for  instance,  that  Boyer  never  told  his 
pupils  that  "  poetry,  even  that  of  the 
wildest  ode,  had  a  logic  of  its  own,"  &c. 
This  Coleridge  found  in  Young's  preface 
to  his  own  pretty  bit  of  deliration,  '  Ocean, 
an  Ode  ;  concluding  with  a  Wish.'  Nor, 
we  may  rest  assured,  did  "  poor  Smart " 
ever  send  the  distich  Coleridge  credits 
him  with  "to  a  Welsh  Squire  who  had 
promised  him  a  hare."  Smart  wrote  an 
epilogue  to  'The  Conscious  Lovers,'  which 
was  played  at  Co  vent  Garden  in  1755 
for  the  benefit  of  the  Middlesex  Lying-in 
Hospital ;  and  this  epilogue — it  was 
spoken  by  Shuter  in  the  character  of  a 
man-midwife — contained  the  lines  : — 

This  day  comes  honest  Taffy  to  my  house  — 
"Cot    pless  her,    her   has  saved   her   poy  and 

spouse  ; 
Her     saved    her    Gwinnifrid,    or    death    had 
swallow'd  her 
Tho'  creat  erand  creat  crand  crandchild  of  Cadwal- 
lader." 

So  autobiography  is  written  ! 

The  finely  printed  volume  of  Coleridge's 
poetical  works,  which  comes  from  the 
Bodley  Head,  possesses  a  twofold  interest: 
a  new  recension  of  the  text  by  Mr.  E.  H. 
Coleridge,  and  a  number  of  vignettes, 
headings,  tail-pieces,  and  full-page  illus- 
trations by  Mr.  Gerald  Metcalfe.  Mr. 
Metcalfe's  inspiration  rises  and  falls  with 
his  subject ;  his  style  is  distinctly  reminis- 
cent of  Blake.  His  most  successful  efforts 
are  those  which  aim  at  interpreting 
'  Christabcl,'  '  The  Ancient  Mariner,'  and 
'  The  Raven.'  His  drawing  of  the  "  war- 
rior-maid of  France  "  is  also  an  imaginative 
bit  of  work  ;  but  the  poems  as  a  whole 
are  too  unequal  to  lend  themselves  to 
successful  illustration.  Mr.  Coleridge  has 
included  two  or  three  short  poems  now 
collected  for  the  first  time,  and  has  re- 
printed '  The  Old  Man  of  the  Alps ' — a 
"  metrical  tale  "  in  rhyming  decasyllabics 


(11.  137),  which  fir-t  appeared  in  Tht  Morn- 
ing Post,  March  8th,  1798,  over  the  signa- 
ture "  Xieius  Kiythneus."  This  WSJ  eol- 
lected  in  Pickering".-  edition  of  1*77.  but 
was  overlooked  or  rejected  a.-  doubtful 
by  Dyke*-  CampbeiL  It  contains,  how- 
ever, two  or  three  striking  Coleridgian 
toueheB.  -Mr.  Coleridge's  Introduction, 
like  everything  he  has  done  on  the  subject 
of  his  illustrious  grandfather's  art,  abounds 
in  interest,  and  is  written  with  grace  and 
good  taste. 


A    Literary    History    of    the    Arabs.     By 
Reynold  A.  Nicholson.     (Fisher  Unwin.) 

Mr.  Nicholson  undertook  a  Herculean 
task  when  he  set  about  compressing  the 
history  of  the  whole  of  Arabic  literature 
into  a  single  volume.  The  feat  is  im- 
possible, of  course,  and  certain  parts  of 
the  subject  had  to  be  treated  very  lightly. 
As  he  says  himself  : — 

"  To  write  a  critical  account  of  Arabic 
literature  was  out  of  the  question.  Brockel- 
mann's  invaluable  work,  which  contains 
over  a  thousand  closely  printed  pages,  is 
confined  to  biography  and  bibliography, 
and  does  not  deal  with  the  historical  develop- 
ment of  ideas.  This,  however,  seems  to 
me  the  really  vital  aspect  of  literary  history. 
It  has  been  my  chief  aim  to  sketch  in  broad 
outlines  what  the  Arabs  thought,  and  to 
indicate  as  far  as  possible  the  influences 
which  moulded  their  thought.  I  am  well 
aware  that  the  picture  is  sadly  incomplete 
....  but  I  hope  that  it  is  not  unlike." 

That  it  certainly  is  not.     Mr.  Nicholson  is 
too   careful   an   artist   to    make   a   false 
picture.     His  learning  and  his  perceptive 
insight  are  conspicuous  on  every  page. 
But   the   gaps   are   serious,    however   in- 
evitable. Prose  writers  employ  "  thought," 
as  well  as  poets,  yet  the  immense  prose 
literature  of  the  Arabs  (or  rather  of  those 
who    wrote    in    Arabic,    most    of   whom, 
perhaps,  were  not  Arabs  by  race)  is  here 
completely   subordinated   to   the   poetry. 
This  is  readily  explicable,  for  it  is  not 
easy  to  give  a  good  idea  of  Arabic  prose 
in    a    translation,    whilst    Mr.    Nicholson 
has  a  talent,  which  he  naturally  exercises, 
for   turning   Arabic   poetry   into   English 
verse.     Again,  the  long  interval  between 
the  Mongol  irruption  in  the  early  part  of 
the  thirteenth  century  and  the  present  day 
is  dismissed  in  under  thirty  pages.     It  was 
no  doubt  a  period  singularly  unproductive 
of  new  ideas  ;    but  it  contained  an  enor- 
mous number  of  meritorious  and  scholarly 
writers,  and  one  cannot  help  feeling  that 
it    would    have    received    more    worthy 
treatment  if  Mr.  Nicholson  had  not  been 
tied   down    to   a    fixed    limit.     Half    the 
volume  brings  us  only  to  a.d.  750  ;    the 
great    epoch    of    the    Baghdad    caliphate 
occupies  but  150  pages,  though  it  covered 
five  hundred  }rears  ;  the  important  subject 
of  Arabic  literature  in  Spain  is  squeezed 
into  37  pages,  and  the  whole  of  the  rest 
from   1258  to   1908  into  29.     The  work 
seems  to  have  been  begun  on  large  lines, 
as    Prof.    Browne   did    his    '  History    of 
Persian     Literature '  ;      but    then     Prof. 
Browne  managed  to  let  his  history  over- 
flow into  more  than  two  volumes,  whilst 
Mr.  Nicholson,  at  p.  405,  appears  to  have 


No.  4192,  Feb.  29,  1908 


THE    ATHENAEUM 


249 


suddenly  discovered  that  he  had  only 
about  60  pages  left  in  which  to  traverse 
an  immense  field. 

We  wish  he  had  finished  his  book  on 
the  same  scale  as  the  earlier  part,  for  that 
is    a    most    stimulating    and    instructive 
piece  of    really  learned,    yet  always   in- 
teresting work :     it   is,   of    course,   quite 
possible  to  be  learned  without  being  in 
the  least  interesting.     On  the  large  plan 
which  we  assume  to  have  been  the  original 
scheme,  the  space  devoted  to    the  early 
legends  and  the  pre-Islamic  kingdoms  of 
the  Arabs  was  perfectly  justifiable  ;    but 
all  the  information  here  collected  about 
the  dim  records  of  HTra  and  Ghassan — 
which,  as  far  as  we  know,  left  no  trace 
upon  literature,  except  in  the  patronage 
of  some   of  the  poets  of  the  JahilTya — 
is  given  at  the  expense  of  the  later  and 
really    literary    periods.     Some    account, 
again,  of  the  wars  and  life  and  character 
of  the  pre-Islamic  BedawTs  was  certainly 
necessary    to    the    understanding    of    the 
striking    poetry    of    the    sixth    century. 
Ordinary  readers  cannot  be  expected  to 
turn  to  the  charming  volumes  of  Caussin  de 
Perceval.     But  Mr.  Nicholson  is  hampered 
all  through  his  book  by  the  position  he 
has  taken  up,  of  explaining  the  historical 
environment  in  which  the  literature  was 
set.      How  far  it  was  possible  or  desirable 
to  refer  to  other  books,  instead  of  loading 
a  history  of  literature  with  summaries  of 
political  events,  it  is   not  easy  to  decide. 
Most    readers    need    such    explanations ; 
the  question  is  whether  they  should  have 
been  included  in  a  book  which,  even  with- 
out them,  is  not  big  enough  for  its  subject. 
However  this  may  be,  Mr.  Nicholson  is 
to  be  complimented  upon  having  treated 
at  least  three  branches  of  his  great  subject 
in  sufficient  fullness  and  with  remarkable 
insight — we  say  nothing  of  his  scholarship, 
for  that  can  never  be  in  dispute.     These 
are  the  poetry  of  the  "  Days  of  Ignorance," 
the    Omayyad    poets,    and    the    Suff    or 
mystical  writers  ;    and  to  these  may  be 
added  asympathetic  account  of  Mohammed 
and  the  Koran.     There  is  perhaps  nothing 
specially  new  in  the  sketch  of  the  Arabs 
before  Islam  ;    but  enough  of  the  famous 
stories  of  the  period  is  told  to  give  reality 
to    the    picture,    and    Mr.    Nicholson    ia 
liberal  in  translations.    We  do  not  hold 
with  attempts  to  reproduce  the  original 
metres,  except  as  exercises  for  scholarly 
ingenuity  ;   but  it  must  be  admitted  that 
Mr.  Nicholson  is  more  successful  than  most 
in  this  difficult  experiment.     The  follow- 
ing  is   an  imitation   of   the   tewil   metre 
from  Shanfara's  '  Lamiyat  al  'Arab  '  : — 

Somewhere    the    noble    find   a   refuge  afar  from 

scathe, 
The   outlaw   a   lonely   spot  whero    no    kin   with 

hatred  burn. 
Oh,  never  a  prudent  man,  night-faring  in  hope  or 

fear, 
Hard  pressed   on  the  face  of   earth,   but   still   he 

hath  room  to  turn. 

To  me  now,  in  your  default,  are  comrades  a  wolf 
untired, 

A  sleek  leopard,  and  a  fell  hyena  with  shaggy 
mane ; 

True  comrades,  who  yield  not  up  tho  secret  con- 
signed to  them, 

Nor  basely  forsake  their  friend  because  that  In- 
brought  them  bane. 


And  each  is  a  gallant  heart  and  ready  at  honour's 

call, 
Yet  I,  when  the  foremost  charge,  am  bravest  of 

all  the  brave  ; 
But  if  they  with  hands  outstretched  are  seizing 

the  booty  won, 
The  slowest    am    I    whenas    most    quick   is   the 

greedy  knave. 

By  nought  save  my  generous  will  I  reach  to  the 
height  of  worth 

Above  them,  and  sure  the  best  is  he  with  the  will 
to  give. 

Yea,  well  am  I  rid  of  those  who  pay  not  a  kind- 
ness back, 

Of  whom  I  have  no  delight  though  neighbours  to 
me  they  live. 

Enow  are  companions  three  at  last :  an  intrepid 

soul, 
A   glittering   trenchant   blade,   a  tough    bow    of 

ample  size, 
Loud-twanging,  the  sides  thereof  smooth-polished, 

a  handsome  bow, 
Hung  down  from  the  shoulder-belt  by  thongs  in  a 

comely  wise, 
That  groans  when  the  arrow  slips  away,  like  a 

woman  crushed 
By  kisses,  bereaved  of  all  her  children,  she  wails 

and  cries. 

This  inevitably  invites  comparison  with 
Sir  C.  J.  Lyall's  magnificent  renderings 
in  his  '  Ancient  Arabic  Poetry,'  oi  which 
Mr.  Nicholson  writes  with  just  admiration. 
A  charming  feature  of  this  book  is  the 
generous  way  in  which  the  author  pays 
his  tribute  of  praise  to  other  workers  in 
the  same  field  ;  but  we  should  not  have 
been  sorry  if  he  had  carried  his  "  flattery  " 
to  the  sincerest  height  by  imitating,  or 
even  reprinting,  some  of  Sir  C.  J.  Lyall's 
incomparable  translations.  Mr.  Nichol- 
son does  not  extol  the  pagan  Arab  as 
some  enthusiastic  writers  have  done ; 
indeed,  his  picture  is  a  little  cold,  and  he 
dwells  somewhat  severely  on  the  per- 
fidiousness  of  the  Bed  awl  character. 
Their  honour  did  not  disdain  underhand 
shifts  : — 
Humble  him  who  humbles  thee,  close  though  be 

your  kindredship ; 
If  thou  canst  not  humble  him,  wait  till  he  is  in 

thy  grip  ; 
Friend  him  while  thou  must ;  strike  hard  when 

thou  hast  him  on  the  hip. 

The  account  here  given  of  the  position 
of  women  in  pagan  Arabia  is  excellent, 
and  we  cannot  see  that  Islam  effected  any 
improvement  in  it.  Mr.  Nicholson  vaguely 
suggests  that  "  in  some  respects  it  may 
have  raised  them  to  a  higher  level  of 
civilization,"  but  we  doubt.  We  prefer 
to  the  modern  Muslima  even  the  en- 
sanguined women  of  the  battle-field, 
though  their  occupation  there  in  finishing- 
off  the  wounded  enemy  was  hardly  on  the 
"  higher  level  "  ;  but  they  had  fire  in  their 
hearts  : — 

The  daughter  of  al-Find  bared  herself  recklessly 
and  chanted, 

War  !  War  !  War  !  War  ! 

It  has  blazed  up  and  scorched  us  sore. 

The  highlands  are  filled  with  its  roar. 

Well  done,  tho  morning  when  your  heads  yo 
shore  ! 

Of  Mohammed  Mr.  Nicholson  writes  that 

"  he  was  neither  a  shameless  impostor  nor 
a  neurotic  degenerate  nor  a  socialistic 
reformer,  hut  in  tho  boginning,  at  least, 
a  sincore  religious  onthusiast,  as  truly  in- 
spired as  any  prophot  of  the  Old  Testa- 
ment. ..  .Although  Mohanimod  needed 
'  heaven-sent  momenta  for  this  skill,'  in  tho 
early  Mokkan  Suras  froquontly,  and  fitfully 
elsewhere,    his    gonius    proclaims    itsolf    by 


grand  lyrical   outbursts  which    could    never 
have  been  the  work  of  a  mere  rhetorician." 

The  author's  imitation  of  the  rhymes  of 

the  original  is  well  seen  in  the  following 

rendering  of  Sura  CI.,  where,  however,  we 

miss  the  terse,  crashing  abruptness  of  the 

Arabic  : — 

The  Smiting  !    What  is  the  Smiting? 

And  how  shalt  thou  be  made  to  understand  what 
is  the  Smiting  ? 

The  Day  when  Men  shall  be  as  flies  scattered, 

And  the  Mountains  shall  be  as  shreds  of  wool 
tattered. 

One  whose  Scales  are  heav}7,  a  pleasing  life  he  shall 
spend, 

But  one  whose  Scales  are  light,  to  the  Abyss  he 
shall  descend. 

What  is  that,  how  shalt  thou  be  made  to  com- 
prehend ? 

Scorching  Fire  without  end  ! 

A  charming  story  from  the  '  Aghanl '  is 
given  here  about  the  daughter  of  the 
famous  .flatim  a,t-Ti\iyi  being  brought  as 
a  captive  before  the  Prophet,  to  whom 
she  said  : — 

"  O  Mohammed,  my  sire  is  dead,  and  he 
who  would  have  come  to  plead  for  me  is 
gone.  Release  me,  if  it  seem  good  to  thee, 
and  do  not  let  the  Arabs  rejoice  at  my 
misfortune  ;  for  I  am  the  daughter  of  the 
chieftain  of  my  people.  My  father  was 
wont  to  free  the  captive,  and  protect  those 
near  and  dear  to  him,  and  entertain  the 
guest,  and  satisfy  the  hungry,  and  console 
the  afflicted,  and  give  food  and  greeting 
to  all ;  and  never  did  he  turn  away  any 
who  sought  a  boon.  I  am  Hatim's  daugh- 
ter." 

And  the  Prophet  answered  : — 

"  O  maiden,  the  true  believer  is  such 
as  thou  hast  described ....  Let  her  go,  for 
her  sire  loved  noble  manners,  and  God  loves 
them  too." 

Mr.  Nicholson  traces  the  course  of 
Arabic  poetry  under  the  Caliphs  of 
Damascus  with  exceptional  discrimination 
—  a  period  of  conventional  imitation 
when  poets  rhapsodized  over  "  imaginary 
journeys  on  a  camel  which  they  never 
owned,  through  deserts  which  they  never 
saw,  to  a  patron  residing  in  the  same  city 
as  themselves."  Abu-Nuwas  "  took  off  " 
these  mock  jKasIdas  in  his  own  way  : — 

Let  the  south  wind  moisten  with  rain  the  desolate 

scene 
And  Time  efface  what  once  was  so  fresh  and  green  ! 
Make  the  camel-rider  free  of  a  desert  space 
Where  high-bred  camels  trot  with  unwearied  pace; 
Where    only   mimosas  and   thistles   flourish,  and 

where, 
For  hunting,  wolves  and  hyenas  are  nowise  rare  ! 
Amongst  the  Bedouins  seek  not  enjoyment  out : 
What  do  they  enjoy  ?    They  live  in  hunger  and 

drought. 
Let  them  drink  their  bowls  of  milk  and  leave  them 

alone, 
To  whom  life's  finer  pleasures  are  all  unknown. 

High-bred  camels,  however,  do  not  as  a 
rule  "  trot,"  as  a  horse  does. 

It  was  not  till  about  1000  a.d.  that 
Arabic  poetry  shook  off  the  traditional 
trammels  and  struck  out  new  lines  for 
itself,  and  this  was  largely  due  to  Persian 
influences,  which  introduced,  as  Mr, 
Nicholson  rightly  fays,  "  a  lively  and 
graceful  fancy,  elegance  of  diction,  depth 
and  tenderness  of  feeling,  and  a  rich  store 
of  ideas."  With  all  this,  we  would  not 
exchange,  say,  Labld's  '  Mu'allaAa '  for 
most  of  this  later  poetry,  much  as  we 
admiro  Abu-l-'Atfihiya  and  Abu-l-'Ala 
al-Ma'arri.     The  last  receives  what  would 


:••" 


T  II  E     AT  II  K  N.'E  I'M 


No.  11  '.»■.'.  Ki.i;.  20,  L908 


m  ;i  disproportionate  amount  of  space 

in  t  his  rollime,  if  it  were  not  thai  .Ma  am 
holds  such  an  cm -eptiunal  j)lacc  in  Arabic 
literature.  Prof.  Margoliouth  has  made 
his  'Letters'  familiar  t<>  students,  and 
the  section  devoted  to  him  by  Mr.  Nichol- 
son will  help  to  complete  their  understand- 
ing of  a  remarkable  character,  curiously 
modern  in  spirit,  and  profoundly  ethical, 
whilst  scorning  revealed  religion  : — 
Praise  God  and  pray. 

Wall;  seventy  limes,  not  seven,  the  Temple  round — 
And  impious  remain  ! 
I  >■  \    ut  is  he  alone  who,  when  he  may 

t  his  desires,  is  found 
With  courage  m  abstain. 

According  to  him,  conventional  religion  is 

'"  a  fable  invented  by  the  ancients  "  for 

the  profit  of  the  unscrupulous,  and  Islam 

is  no  better  than  the  rest : — 

Hanifa  are  stumbling,  Christians  all  astray, 

.lews  wildered,  Magians  far  on  error's  way. 

We  mortals  are  compound  of  two  great  schools — 

Enlightened  knaves  or  else  religious  fools. 

We  laugh,  but  inept  is  our  laughter  ; 

We  should  weep  and  weep  sore, 

Who  are  shattered  like  glass,  and  thereafter 

Re-moulded  no  more. 

The  pessimist  showed  himself  at  his  worst 
always,  but  underneath  lay  a  lofty 
morality  and  a  sincere  philosophy  which 
he  strove  to  dissimulate.  His  poems 
reflect  in  a  marvellous  way  the  degeneracy 
and  corruption  of  an  age  above  which 
he  towered. 

We  have  left  ourselves  no  space  to 
notice  the  later  'Abbasid  period  as  repre- 
sented in  Mr.  Nicholson's  enchanting 
book — for  with  all  its  faults  of  dispropor- 
tion, discursiveness,  omissions,  and  con- 
fusing arrangement,  it  is  unmistakably 
charming,  as  every  student  of  poetry  will 
discover  for  himself.  The  author  is 
brimful  of  his  subject,  and  pours  it  forth 
only  too  liberally,  but  always  with  com- 
plete understanding,  and  often  with  real 
critical  power.  His  care  and  accuracy 
correspond  to  his  extensive  research  and 
genuine  learning,  but  the  main  attraction 
is  his  obvious  and  infectious  love  of  his 
theme.  The  book  might  be  better  planned, 
but  it  could  not  be  inspired  by  a  truer 
spirit,  or  executed  with  finer  scholarship. 


A  Princess  of  Intrigue :  Madame  de 
Longueville  and  her  Times.  By  H. 
Noel  Williams.  2  vols.  (Hutchinson 
&Co.) 

Mazarin  is  said  to  have  told  Don  Luis 
de  Haro  that  there  were  in  France  three 
women  capable  of  governing  or  subverting 
a  kingdom  :  the  Duchesse  de  Longueville, 
the  Princess  Palatine,  and  the  Duchesse 
de  Chevreuse.  The  nominal  theme  of 
Mr.  Noel  Williams's  latest  work  is  the 
first  named  of  these  ;  but  the  others  also 
figure  prominently  in  a  book  which 
amounts  to  something  very  like  a  history 
of  the  regency  of  Anne  of  Austria. 

Now,  no  doubt  the  task  of  disentangling 
and  keeping  separate  the  various  threads 
which  went  to  make  up  the  web  of  opposi- 
tion to  Mazarin  would  have  been  no  light 
one,  and  might  conceivably  have  proved 
impracticable;  but  we  think  it  should 
have  been  undertaken.     As  it  is,   we  rise 


from   the  perusal  of  the  book  in  s  state 

of  bewilderment,  resulting  as  much  from 
the  multiplicity  of  the  personal  complica- 
tions introduced  as  from  the  intricacy 
of  the  political  situation.  Had  some 
attempt  been  made  at  exclusions, 
these  700  pages  might  have  been 
reduced ;  whilst  increased  concentra- 
tion would  almost  certainly  have 
augmented  their  interest.  The  canvas 
was  bound  to  be  large  ;  but  it  should  not 
have  been  crowded. 

One  result  is  that  the  interest  in  what  is 
meant  to  be  the  central  figure  is  not  suffi- 
ciently sustained.  Almost  throughout  we 
get  an  impression  of  the  immense  ability 
of  the  Cardinal,  who  virtually  made  only 
one  serious  mistake  ;  but  the  personahty 
of  his  ablest  female  opponent  is  more 
than  once  submerged,  and  we  are  even  at 
times  inclined  to  question  the  significance 
attributed  to  it.  We  hear  often  that 
Madame  de  Longueville  "  instigated " 
such  and  such  an  action  of  her  brother 
Conde,  but  too  seldom  get  evidence  for 
the  statement.  Probably  the  author 
might  have  little  difficulty,  in  most  cases, 
in  producing  it ;  but  he  has  not  done 
so.  He  generally  passes  lightly  over 
points  of  controversy,  though,  when  he 
does  enter  the  fists,  little  fault  is  to  be 
found  with  his  arguments  or  conclusions. 

The  introductory  chapter  seems  to  us 
unnecessarily  long.  It  is  largely  devoted 
to  Henri  Quatre's  attempt  to  gain 
possession  of  the  person  of  the  Princesse 
de  Conde,  Madame  de  Longueville's 
mother,  and  the  subsequent  political 
intrigues  of  her  husband.  It  is  not  made 
clear  why  the  management  of  affairs 
should  have  fallen  almost  entirely  into 
that  Prince's  hands  after  the  Treaty  of 
Loudon,  when  he  seems  to  have 
been  thoroughly  discomfited.  Monsieur 
le  Prince's  ineffective  attempts  at  politics 
and  the  infatuation  of  Louis  XIV.'s 
grandfather  for  his  wife,  have  slight  con- 
nexion with  the  career  of  Madame  de 
Longueville.  On  the  other  hand,  the 
education  given  to  her  and  her  eldest 
brother,  which  is  given  in  detail  in  the 
second  chapter,  is  material,  and  goes  some 
way  to  explain  their  respective  careers. 
Had  the  daughter  been  allowed  to  gratify 
her  wish  to  become  a  Carmelite,  she  might 
not  have  become  the  celebrity  she  is 
to-day,  and  her  brother  might,  perhaps, 
have  avoided  passing  some  of  his  best 
years  in  arms  against  his  own  country. 
According  to  her  eighteenth-century  bio- 
grapher, Anne  de  Bourbon  was  advised 
by  her  friends  the  Carmelites  to  go  to 
her  first  ball  (it  was  at  the  Louvre) 
wearing  under  her  finery  "  a  little  cuirass, 
vulgarly  called  a  hair-shirt  "  ;  but,  if  she 
did  so,  it  proved  ineffectual  against  the 
assault  of  the  world,  which  from  that  day 
forth  held  control  of  her  life  for  many  a 
year.  The  next  phase  of  the  future 
Frondeuse's  career  was  her  introduction 
to  the  Hotel  de  Rambouillet.  Here  she 
began  her  lifelong  friendship  with  Madame 
de  Sable  and  other  female  associates ; 
and  her  position  in  this  world  seems  to 
warrant  her  biographer  in  launching  into 
a  dissertation   upon  seventeenth-century 


literature,  the  battle  <<f  the  I'lanistes" 
and  the  "  Jobistes,"  and  the  like.  With 
all  her  charm  and  power  of  inspiring  the 
devotion  of  poets,  the  great  Conde's 
i  had  some  of  hit  weakness  for 
mordant  speech.  Her  verdict  on  tliat 
still-born  epic  '  La  i'ueelle  ' — "  Yes  ;  that 
is  very  fine,  but  very  wearisome  "  — 
could  scarcely  have  pleased  its  long- 
Buffering  author. 

At  the  time  of  her  marriage  the  young 
Duchess  de  Longueville's  heart,  unlike 
that  of  her  elder  brother  when  forced  to 
espouse  Richelieu's  niece,  seems  to  have 
been  still  untouched  ;  and  it  is  doubtful 
whether  the  alliance  had  any  serious 
effect  upon  her  career.  Till  the  last  stage 
of  their  respective  fives,  she  and  her 
husband  (a  widower  much  older  than 
herself)  for  the  most  part  went  their  own 
ways  peaceably  enough  ;  though  it  seems 
probable,  as  Mr.  Williams  points  out,  that 
Madame  de  Longueville's  action  at  the 
time  of  the  St.  Maur  agreement  was 
decisively  influenced  by  her  strained 
relations  with  the  Duke.  But,  unlike 
many  ladies  of  the  great  world,  she  was 
always  a  good  mother  ;  and,  except  in 
the  case  of  La  Rochefoucauld,  she  was, 
in  all  probability,  faithful  to  her  vows. 
Her  attitude  in  general  towards  men 
seems,  says  the  author, 
"  to  have  been  guided  by  the  precepts 
of  Madame  de  Sable  and  the  precieuses 
of  the  Hotel  de  Rambouillet,  who  did 
not  forbid  men  to  serve  and  adore  them, 
so  long  as  they  treated  them  with  the  most 
profound  respect." 

Yet  among  her  soupirants  were  the  hand- 
some Due  de  Nemours  and  the  Vicomte 
de  Turenne. 

That  Madame  de  Longueville  had  any 
responsibility  for  the  death  of  an  earlier 
admirer,  Maurice  de  Coligny,  we  agree 
with  the  author  in  flunking  highly 
improbable,  notwithstanding  that  the 
usually  accurate  and  well  -  informed 
Madame  de  Motteville  says  that  she  urged 
him  to  fight  Guise.  Though  the  nominal 
cause  of  the  Montbazon- Conde  quarrel, 
the  young  Duchess  had  been  innocent 
in  every  respect  in  regard  to  it ;  and 
Coligny  wanted  little  encouragement  to 
attack  his  hereditary  foe.  It  is  still  less 
likely  that  she  witnessed  the  duel  in  the 
Place  Royale ;  and  there  was  certainly 
no  foundation  for  the  detailed  story 
circulated  in  the  '  Histoire  d'Agesilan  et 
d'Ismenie.'  She  made  a  great  figure  at 
the  Congress  of  Minister,  whither  her 
husband  was  sent  as  one  of  the  French 
envoys.  D'Avaux,  one  of  the  other 
representatives,  informed  Voiture  the 
poet  that  the  one  point  on  which  the 
international  gathering  was  in  agreement 
was  the  necessity  of  her  presence ;  and 
the  diplomatist  used  the  same  expression  in 
writing  to  Madame  la  Princesse,  hermother. 
And  Madame  de  Motteville,  who  had  no 
motive  for  flattering  Anne  of  Austria's 
opponent,  when  writing  of  Madame  de 
Longueville  after  her  return  to  Paris, 
declares  that 

"  the  greatness  of  her  beauty  enhanced 
the  influence  of  her  family  to  such  an  extent 
that  she  had  not  been  long  at  Court  before 
she  occupied  an  almost  undivided  attention. 


No.  4192,  Feb.  29,  1908 


THE    ATHENAEUM 


251 


She  became  the  object  of  universal  desire  ; 
her  ruelle,  the  centre  of  every  intrigue, 
and  those  upon  whom  she  bestowed  her 
affection  became  immediately  the  favourites 
of  Fortune.  Her  intelligence,  her  wit,  and 
the  opinion  that  was  entertained  of  her 
discernment,  made  her  the  admired  of  all 
men  of  culture,  who  were  persuaded  that 
her  esteem  alone  sufficed  to  ensure  their 
reputation." 

At  this  point,  though  some  authorities 
make  the  liaison  begin  before  Madame 
de  Longueville's  departure  for  Minister, 
came  La  Rochefoucauld,  the  evil  genius 
of  the  great  lady's  life  ;  and  henceforth 
she  gave  her  energies  no  longer  to  lite- 
rature and  society,  but  to  supporting  the 
ambitions  of  the  opponents  of  Mazarin, 
with  which  her  lover's  also  were  bound  up. 
In  the  parliamentary  Fronde  Conde 
and  his  sister  were  on  opposite  sides. 
This  is  one  of  the  cases  in  which  Mr. 
Williams,  who  dwells  upon  her  exertions 
to  induce  him  to  follow  her  views,  quotes 
no  authority  in  support  of  his  assertion. 
He  maintains  that  the  temporary  separa- 
tion of  brother  and  sister  was  due  to 
Conde's  disapproval  of  the  La  Roche- 
foucauld connexion,  though  denying  that 
the  influence  of  Madame  de  Longueville 
had  been  lessened  by  her  having  dis- 
countenanced the  projected  divorce  of 
Conde's  wife.  But  in  the  second  Fronde 
brother  and  lover  were  so  intimately 
associated  that  there  cannot  have  been 
very  much  in  this. 

We  cannot  enter  here  into  the  highly 
complicated    series    of    intrigues    which 
make  up  the  history  of  France  between 
this  time  and  the  final  triumph  of  Mazarin. 
Mr.  Williams  finds   his  way  in  and    out 
of  them  with  fair  success,  but  does  not, 
as     we     have     complained,      keep    close 
enough    to     his     heroine.     He     supplies, 
however,   a   sufficiently   spirited   account 
of    her    adventures    in    Normandy    and 
first  invocation  of  Spanish  aid  from  the 
Netherlands  ;   and  affords  some  glimpses 
of   the   extremely    difficult   position    she 
afterwards  held  in  Guienne.     He  gives  a 
doubtful  adhesion  to  the  Due  d'Aumale's 
suggestion  that  the  Duchess  had  some- 
thing to  do  with  Turenne's  declaration  for 
the  Fronde,  but  takes  up  a  more  decided 
attitude  in   discussing   the  responsibility 
for  the  failure  of  that  general  and  his 
Spanish  allies  in  the  following  year.     We 
are  of  opinion  that  the  influence  of  Madame 
de  Longueville  in  bringing  about  Mazarin's 
retirement    to    Briihl    is    over-estimated. 
She  undoubtedly  was   the  central  point 
and  inspiration  of  the  combination  which 
temporarily  overthrew  the  minister  ;  but 
we  fancy  that  readers  will  gather  from  the 
text  that  "  the  sagacity  and  cool  judgment 
of     Anne    de     Gonzague,"    the    Princess 
Palatine,  who  managed  affairs  in  Paris, 
had   at   least   as   much   to   do   with   her 
friend's    triumph.     Madame    de   Longue- 
\ille.  with  all  her  skill  and  devotion,  and 
Conde,  with  all  his  intrepidity  and  energy, 
were,  on  the  author's  admission,  devoid 
of  those  indispensable  qualities,  and  were 
no  match  in  the  end  for  Mazarin,  Retz, 
and  Madame  de  Chevreuse. 

There  seems  little  doubt  that  it  was  his 
sister  who  finally  pushed  Conde  into  the 


arms  of  Spain,  whatever  may  have  been 
her  exact  motives.  If  these  were  personal, 
as  Mr.  Williams  thinks,  they  were  not 
so  in  the  sordid  sense  that  were  most  of 
those  of  the  other  actors  in  these  transac- 
tions :  she  wanted  nothing  for  herself. 
With  the  exception  of  Claire-Clemence, 
Princesse  de  Conde,  Madame  de 
Longueville  was  the  most  single- 
minded  personage  who  took  a  lead- 
ing part  in  those  troublous  times. 
The  genuine  piety  which  she  showed  for 
many  years  before  her  death,  with  un- 
ostentatious humility  as  its  key-note, 
differentiates  her  from  the  ordinary 
devote.  Once  more,  in  her  successful 
championship  of  the  Jansenists,  she  tasted 
something  of  the  joy  of  battle  ;  but  in 
this  case  at  least  she  was  not  consciously 
animated  by  that  desire  of  playing  a 
leading  role  which  she  had  come  to 
recognize  as  having  been  her  besetting 
sin.  She  had  been  cruelly  punished  for 
her  relations  with  La  Rochefoucauld  by 
the  baseness  with  which  he  behaved 
towards  her  ;  and,  for  the  rest,  had  been 
"  faithful  in  her  infidelity,"  despite  her 
husband's  bad  example. 

The  book  is  undoubtedly  interesting 
and  well  written  as  a  whole.  It  is  rarely 
that  we  come  upon  a  mixture  of  construc- 
tions such  as  occurs  on  p.  201.  Of 
Broussel  we  are  strangely  told  that  he 
was  an  old  man  of  slender  abilities  (p.  273), 
"  but  of  a  most  irreproachable  life,  equally 
esteemed  by  his  colleagues  for  his  ability, 
and  by  the  populace  for  his  benevolence." 
"  The  enemies  of  Spain  "  (p.  333)  seems 
to  be  a  mistranslation  for  "  Spanish 
enemies,"  and  "  dismembership "  is 
curious  English.  The  only  serious  mis- 
prints we  have  met  with  are  "  vente 
a  terre"  (p.  326)  and  "Roses"  for 
Rosas  (p.  667). 


The  Pirates  of  Malabar.     By  Col.   John 
Biddulph.     (Smith,  Elder  &  Co.) 

Probably  it  is  due  to  the  fact  that  piracy 
is  an  obsolete  industry  that  no  general 
treatise  on  it  has  ever  seen  the  light. 
Such  writers  as  have  dealt  with  the  sub- 
ject have  been  content,  almost  without 
exception,  to  find  their  inspiration  in  the 
picturesqueness  of  its  ruffianism,  and 
the  unflagging  excitement  of  its  gamble 
with  life  and  death.  As  to  the  ethics  of 
it  there  can  be  no  difference  of  opinion  ; 
it  is  as  old  as  mankind,  and  its  history 
throughout  the  ages  affords  an  excellent 
argument,  were  any  such  support  needed, 
in  favour  of  the  Hobbesian  philosophy. 
But  though  the  cause  may  be  revealed 
by  the  simple  adage  that  it  is  opportunity 
that  makes  the  thief,  yet  an  ingenious 
writer  might  well  find  much  of  interest, 
even  of  importance,  to  say  with  regard 
to  the  effect  that  piracy  has  had  on 
the  commercial  and  political  history  of 
nations. 

It  is  curious  to  note  the  epochs  into 
which  the  subject  naturally  divides  itself. 
Before  the  days  <>f  standing  navies,  when 
tlic  peace  of  the  sea  was  still  all  but  un- 
dreamt of.  piracy  and  legitimate  reprisals 


were  coexistent  and  almost  inextricably 
interwoven.  With  the  period  of  the  great 
naval  wars  waged  between  sea-keeping 
fleets  there  came  some  sort  of  restraint, 
and  for  a  time  privateering  gave  occupa- 
tion enough  for  the  unruly  spirits.  But 
with  the  enlargement  of  the  world,  and 
the  discovery  that  rich  trade  was 
being  carried  on  at  a  distance  from  the 
sphere  of  naval  force,  there  came  a  new 
temptation,  of  which  advantage  was 
speedily  taken  ;  so  that  we  pass  almost 
insensibly  from  the  era  of  buccaneering, 
which  retained  some  spice  of  patriotism, 
to  the  unbridled  licence  of  Teach,  England, 
Kidd,  and  other  notorious  compeers. 

Col.  Biddulph  has  concerned  himself 
with  but  one  aspect  of  this  revival — its 
effect  on  the  struggling  fortunes  of  the 
East  India  Company.  In  its  outline  the 
story  was  already  known,  but  by  judi- 
ciously weighing  existing  narratives,  and 
supplementing  them  from  the  records 
of  the  Company,  he  has  compiled  a  history 
which,  short  as  it  is,  is  more  complete 
and  satisfactory  than  any  which  has 
hitherto  existed.  The  burden  of  the 
argument  is  simple,  and  wTell  supported 
by  the  evidence  adduced.  The  merchants 
and  factories  on  the  Malabar  coast  served 
as  readily  accessible  pledges  to  the  native 
powers.  If  native  trade  suffered,  as  it 
did  to  an  extreme  degree,  from  European 
pirates,  of  no  matter  what  nationality, 
nothing  could  be  simpler  than  to  seize 
the  goods  and  persons  of  the  Company's 
factors  until  restitution  was  made.  The 
justice  of  such  a  proceeding  was,  more 
often  than  not,  of  a  most  rough-and-ready 
description,  for  the  Company  was  equally 
liable  to  this  interference,  whether  the 
offenders  were  English,  French,  or  Dutch, 
whether  the  Company's  servants  were 
believed  to  be  in  league  with  the  pirates, 
or  whether  they  were  zealously  co-operat- 
ing against  them.  The  story  is  both  inter- 
esting and  instructive,  and  is,  moreover, 
pleasantly  told.  Col.  Biddulph  has  added 
a  narrative  of  the  career  of  a  young 
Englishwoman  who  went  out  to  India  in 
1709  ;  it  is  not  suggested  that  her  trials 
and  adventures  differed— except  perhaps  in 
degree— from  those  which  all  Anglo- 
Indians  had  to  expect  at  that  period,  and 
this  introduction  of  the  personal  equation 
serves,  therefore,  to  throw  a  very  clear 
light  on  the  difficulties  which  had  to  be 
overcome.  .        , 

A  curious  reflection  is  that  the  pirate  a 
trade  seems  to  have  flourished  whether 
peace  or  war  ruled  in  European  waters. 
If  it  was  war,  then  the  navies  of  the 
Powers  had  less  opportunity  of  inter- 
ference ;  if  it  was  peace,  then  there  Were 
more  desperadoes  set  free  by  the  cessation 
of  the  more  legitimate  industry  of  priva- 
teering. The  decline  of  piracy  in  the 
latter  half  of  the  eighteenth  century  may 
perhaps  be  ascribed  rather  to  the  Ion- 
period  of  war  in  Europe,  and  the  grow- 
ing power  of  the  trading  settlements  and 
companies,  than  to  the  effect  of  the  killing 
of  Bartholomew  Roberts  or  the  hanging 
of  William  Kidd  and  his  mates;  and  the 
recrudescence     which      accompanied      the 

periods  oi  profound  peace  following  1713 


252 


Til  E     AT  II  KNjEUM 


No.  4192,  Feb.  29,  1908 


;iiul  IM.">  proceeded  in  each  instance  00 
fairly    well-marked    line*       The    two    out- 

breaki  bad  mate  in  oommon  than  their 
exceptional  brutality  :  they  confined 
themselves  chiefly,  m  ""s  but   natural, 

to  those  OOSStfl  and   waters  which  offered 

a  rioh  harvest  at  the  least  cost.  Thus  the 
West  Indies  and  the  American  coast, 
Afnca,  and  especially  India,  were  scourged 
at  the  date  of  w  Inch  Col.  Biddulph  writes  ; 
but  during  the  later  period  the  growing 
power  of  the  East  India  Company  ensured 
for  India  comparative  immunity. 

It  is  customary  to  consider  that  the 
bombardment  of  Algiers  in  1816  put  an 
end  to  organized  piracy  ;  and  it  is  also 
generally  assumed  that  Great  Britain,  as 
the  greatest  trading  nation,  benefited 
most  by  the  peace  of  the  seas.  It  may, 
however,  with  at  least  as  much  reason, 
be  urged  that  the  old-time  dangers  of 
the  sea  served  to  warn  off  competitors — 
that  only  the  strong  could  trade  in  waters 
infested  with  desperadoes  to  whom  Rob 
Roy's  rule  was  the  sole  law.  The  Dutch, 
we  know,  held  some  such  view  in  the  early 
seventeenth  century,  and  refrained  from 
meddling  with  the  Mediterranean  pirates, 
except  individually,  in  protection  of  their 
own  shipping.  It  was  no  part  of  their  con- 
cern to  clear  the  seas,  and  so  to  give  trade 
rivals  a  free  field.  It  is  possible,  too,  that 
much  that  is  obscure  in  the  history  of  our 
abortive  expeditions  during  the  early 
Stuart  period  may  be  referred  to  the  same 
belief.  At  the  present  moment,  when 
sentimentality  combines  once  more  with 
commercialism  to  demand  the  immunity 
of  "  private  property "  at  sea  from 
capture  in  time  of  maritime  war,  it  is 
of  considerable  interest  to  refer  to  this 
effect  of  piracy,  for  it  seems  to  afford 
a  fair  analogy  upon  which  a  sound  argu- 
ment might  be  based. 


NEW    NOVELS. 


Somehow  Good.     By  William  De  Morgan. 
(Heinemann.) 

Mr.  De  Morgan's  new  novel  is  really 
shorter  than  its  predecessor ;  but  the 
better  one  gets  to  know  his  method 
— or  rather  his  cheery,  irresponsible  lack 
of  method — the  apparent  length  of  his 
stories  increases.  The  truly  essential 
part  of  the  story  is  in  bulk  much  out- 
weighed by  the  mass  of  irrelevancies, 
asides  to  the  reader,  "  rallyings  "  of  the 
characters  themselves,  and  repetitions, 
not  to  mention  the  people  who  may 
be  said  to  do  nothing  but  retard 
the  action.  But  the  author  loves  them 
and  all  their  ways  and  works,  and  has 
provided  an  excess  of  his  favourite  fare, 
though  to  say  it  to  so  genial  and  hos- 
pitable a  master  of  the  ceremonies  seems 
churlish.  The  Mid- Victorians  whom  he 
follows  were  more  sparing  with  their 
ingredients,  or  they  were  better  mixed 
and  more  digestible.  The  chief  motive 
is  the  hero's  loss  of  sense  of  his  own 
identity  after  being  suddenly  "  electro- 
cuted "  in  the  Tube  Railway.  There 
was  also  in  *  Alice-for-Short '  a  sufferer 
of  the  same  sort,  but  less  depended  on 


her    condition.     What    there    is    of    plot 
and  possible  disaster  in  '  Somehow  Good  ' 
turns    on    what    the    man    remembers    or 
forgets.      But,  true  to  it<   motto  and  the 
author's     friendly    outlook    on     life,    the 
book  ends  well.     Of  his  heroine  he  is  ob- 
viously so  fond  that  he  could  not  drown 
her   to   save   his   fife   or  any   one   else's. 
He  seems  to  have  thought  of  doing  it, 
and   we   should   not   have    blamed    him. 
As  for  the  loss  of  the  hero's  identity,  it  is 
odd  to  see  the  author  treating  so  difficult 
a    matter    in    his    most    happy-go-lucky 
fashion.    Such  a  condition  surely  must  set 
its  victim  apart,  make  of  him  at  least  a 
peculiar   person.     But    here     he    is    just 
the  noisy,   slangy   creature   that  all   the 
others    are.     There    is    no    real    attempt 
to    analyze  his    states    of    consciousness, 
the  psychological  basis  of  the  phenomenon. 
The   internal    aspect   of   the   case   never 
seems    in    any    true    sense    an    integral 
part  of  the  inner  fife  of  the  man,  but  is 
simply  a  means  to  Mr.  De  Morgan's  own 
ends.     The   household   who   receive   him 
do  not  seem  beset  by  awe  or  wonder  at 
the  peculiar  position  of  the  stranger  who 
has    suddenly    dropped    on    them.      The 
book     has     real    charm.       One    of     the 
good    things   in    it    is    the    description 
of  a  London  fog.     This  is  so  well  done 
that  the  seasoned  Londoner  may  almost 
catch    his    breath.     He    may   also    catch 
it  a  little  in   wonder  at  the   exuberant 
manner  of  certain  old  club  fogies  involved 
in   it.     But   our   author   is   not   entirely 
an    optimist ;     he    finds    that    the    most 
rooted  instinct  in  mankind  is  to  blame 
"  some     one    else,"    and     he    introduces 
a  note  of  acerbity  in  his  sketch  of  a  certain 
old  lady. 

The    Death    Man.     By    Benjamin    Swift. 

(Chapman  &  Hall.) 
We  fear  that  Benjamin  Swift's  new  novel 
will  not  add  to  his  reputation.  It  is  a 
gloomy  study  of  the  circumstances  of  a 
hangman  who  incurs  the  hatred  of  his 
neighbours  by  the  execution  of  an 
innocent  man.  This  theme  in  itself  is 
sufficiently  forbidding,  but  the  author 
proceeds  to  intensify  and  aggravate  it 
by  other  tragic  conditions.  A  lack  of 
humour  goes  far  to  imperil  the  writer's 
workmanship  in  any  case,  and  some  of 
the  scenes  in  his  new  novel  are  too 
grotesque.  We  cannot  trace  much  of 
the  acute  psychological  power  which  he 
has  before  exhibited. 


00  their  characters  and  imagination, 
and  determine  their  love  of  or  their  in- 
difference  to  their  children. 


The  Silver  Zone.     By  Kathleen  P.   Em- 

mett.  (John  Murray.) 
This  prettily,  if  rather  unequally  told 
tale  of  Hindu  life  has  the  soft,  rich  colour 
of  the  land,  and  the  gentle,  poetic  feeling 
of  the  native  race,  hanging  about  it. 
It  has  besides  incidents  that  show  ac- 
quaintance with  some  of  the  more  deplor- 
able aspects  of  native  fife.  Europeans 
do  not  appear  in  it  at  all.  There  are 
glimpses  into  the  existence  of  a  few  men 
and  women  dwelling  in  a  lovely  Himalayan 
Valley.  One  sees  how  the  marriage  laws 
and  customs  and  superstitious  traditions 
decide  the  destinies  of  the  women,  weigh 


Sweet     Life.        By      Kathlyn        Rhod<  %. 

(Hutchinson  &  Co.) 
Our  first  impression  on  opening  this 
book  was  that  the  author  had  set  herself 
the  difficult  task  of  writing  a  novel  with 
a  purpose,  but  half  way  through  the 
character  of  the  story  changes.  In  the 
first  part  we  are  told  of  the  struggles 
and  ultimate  failure  of  a  girl,  well  born 
and  well  educated,  to  earn  a  respectable 
living  in  London.  The  subject  is  painful, 
and  requires  more  masterful  handling 
than  the  author  has  given  it.  The  second 
half  of  the  book  is  inchned  to  be  melo- 
dramatic, and  many  of  the  incidents  are, 
to  put  it  mildly,  highly  improbable.  The 
characters  are  none  of  them  convincing, 
and  we  find  it  impossible  to  admire  them, 
as  the  author  expects  us  to  do. 


The     Young    Columbine.     By    Dorothea 

Deakin.  (Methuen  &  Co.) 
This  poor  sport  of  fate,  tossed  from  one 
haven  to  another  with  such  wearisome 
regularity,  has  yet  just  sufficient  per- 
sonality to  redeem  her  from  the  common- 
place. She  is  an  inconspicuous  heroine, 
commanding  pity  and  sympathy  rather 
than  admiration.  Brought  up  in  the 
atmosphere  of  the  stage  by  a  mother 
who  dies  early,  and  failing  to  find  in  the 
measure  of  success  she  attains  any  com- 
pensation for  the  loathing  which  sordid 
companions  and  surroundings  engender, 
Columbine  seizes  what  appears  to  be  a 
peculiarly  inauspicious  moment  to  cut 
herself  adrift.  But  the  tricks  of  the 
trade,  the  occasional  slang,  the  very  grace 
and  pointedness  of  her  simplest  action, 
allied  to  a  distressingly  unreal  beauty 
of  milk  and  roses  and  gold,  betray  her 
at  every  turn.  Her  endeavours  to  find 
a  home  and  make  a  livelihood  in  a  country 
cottage,  in  the  cotton  magnate's  mansion, 
and  later  in  a  London  boarding-house, 
are  everywhere  frustrated  by  the  ghost 
of  a  past  "  on  the  boards."  Possibilities 
of  future  peace  are  happily  suggested  at 
the  fall  of  the  curtain. 

The  technique  of  the  story  leaves  some- 
thing to  be  desired  ;  the  suicide  of  the 
Heavy  Lady  in  the  opening  chapter, 
for  instance,  is  melodramatic,  and  leads 
nowhere.  The  picture  presented  is  not 
invigorating,  but  sad — with  a  sadness 
augmented  by  the  stamp  of  truth. 


Mystery  Island.     By  Edward  H.   Hurst. 

(Hurst  &  Blackett.) 
There  are  all  the  elements  of  a  popular 
tale  of  adventure  in  this  American  story. 
The  hero,  who  is  his  own  narrator,  is 
flung  on  an  island  in  the  Everglades  of 
Florida,  and  there  finds  a  man  and  his 
wife,  and  a  pretty  girl,  who  are  unable 
to  get  to  the  mainland  for  lack  of  a  key 
to  the  passage  across  swamps.  Very 
soon  he  discovers  that  there  is  a  mystery 
about  the  man  and  his  wife,  and  a  suc- 
cession   of    tragedies    is    involved.     We 


No.  4192,  Feb.  29,  1908 


THE    ATHENAEUM 


253 


demur  to  the  conduct  of  the  hero  in  so 
ardently  desiring  to  hang  the  man  who 
saved  his  life  ;  but  we  do  not,  of 
course,  read  such  tales  to  criticize  them 
by  ordinary  rules.  There  is  plenty  of 
incident,  and  the  narrative  has  verve, 
even  if  it  be  rather  crudely  handled. 


A  King  in  Rags.     By  Cleveland  Moffett. 
(Sidney  Apple  ton.) 

The  exploitation  of  the  darker  social  sides 
of  American  cities  goes  on  apace.  Mr. 
Moffett  may  or  may  not  have  been  in- 
fluenced by  '  The  Jungle  '  in  writing  this 
novel,  winch  is  designed  to  expose  many 
of  the  evils  of  New  York  tenement  life. 
The  construction  is  oddly  unequal,  as  is 
the  treatment.  Part  of  the  plot  is 
ingenious  and  arresting ;  for  example, 
the  kidnapping  of  the  millionaire  who  is 
to  be  forced  to  endure  the  conditions 
of  his  own  tenements.  Mr.  Moffett 
describes  certain  events  so  vividly  that 
we  must  believe  him  to  have  seen  them, 
as,  for  instance,  the  diver's  work  in  an 
early  chapter.  The  main  defect  of  the 
book  is  its  sentimentalism — a  pit  into 
which  reformers  are  apt  to  fall.  But, 
despite  its  inconsistencies  and  impro- 
babilities, '  A  King  in  Rags '  is  well 
worth  reading. 


France  d'exil.     By  Henry  Bargy.     (Paris, 
Armand  Colin.) 

We  notice  M.  Bargy's  volume  under 
"  Novels  "  as  a  concession  to  his  opinion. 
There  is  little  thread  of  story  in  the  book, 
and  no  plot.  The  picture  of  a  Parisian  suffer- 
ing acutely  from  mal  du  pays,  and  trying 
to  describe  the  new  France  of  Nova  Scotia 
and  Quebec,  is  somewhat  painful  to 
foreigners  :  style  may  redeem  it  for  the 
French.  Much  inaccuracy  has  taken  a 
long  time  to  affect  Chateaubriand's  fame 
in  France,  and  a  little  may  not  prevent 
M.  Bargy  from  attaining  celebrity.  It 
was,  however,  a  subject  of  astonishment 
to  some  readers,  when  his  book  was 
appearing  in  a  review,  to  find  that  he 
made  his  hero  lump  together  the  two 
sieges  of  Louisburg  and  the  taking  of  the 
Citadel  of  Quebec,  and  appeared  to  place 
"  the  final  triumph "  over  Montcalm, 
and  "  the  immortality "  of  Wolf,  at 
Louisburg  rather  than  at  the  Plains  of 
Abraham.  M.  Bargy,  it  seems,  is  in- 
vulnerable to  correction,  and  continues, 
like  one  of  his  rivals,  to  head  a  chapter 
with  the  remarkable  "first  line"  of  Keats: 
Birds  of  passion  and  of  mirth  ! 

It  is  true  that  the  present  author  makes 
the  sister  of  the  hero  add  "  I  am  learning 
English  in  Keats,  your  poet."  Had  we 
not  found  for  him  a  French  companion 
in  the  particular  quotation,  we  might  have 
thought  that  he  was  giving  a  specimen  of 
the  point  from  which  the  lady  had 
"  made  progress  "  ;  but,  as  it  is,  we  are 
inclined  to  believe  that  some  French 
dictionary  of  quotations  is  responsible 
for  this  aberration  on  the  part  of  two 
French  writers. 


THE  HUNGARIAN  LANGUAGE. 

Ungarische  Sprache  :  Geschichte  und  Cha- 
rakteristik.  By  Dr.  Siegmund  Simonyi. 
(Strassburg,  Triibner.) — The  history  of  the 
origin  of  the  Hungarian  language  has  given 
rise  to  much  bitter  controversy,  and  an 
entire  literature  has  been  devoted  to  the 
subject.  There  is  no  extant  documentary 
evidence  of  sufficient  antiquity  to  affect 
materially  the  question,  and  the  beginnings 
of  Hungarian  speech  must  be  sought  for  in 
the  testimony  of  the  language  itself,  for, 
as  Paul  Hunfalvy  has  said,  "  language 
proves  more  than  chronicles." 

Prof.  Simonyi,  already  known  by  his 
writings  in  connexion  with  kindred  themes, 
in  the  Introduction  to  this  work  on  the 
history  and  characteristics  of  the  Hungarian 
language,  necessarily  travels  over  much 
well-trodden  ground,  but  in  so  doing  gives 
full  credit  to  the  labour  of  his  many  prede- 
cessors. The  first  really  important  attempt 
towards  the  elucidation  of  this  mysterious 
language  appears  to  have  been  made  in 
Albert  Molnar's  dictionary  of  Latino- 
Ungaricum  and  Ungarico-Latinum,  origin- 
ally published  in  1604.  This  work  drew 
attention  to  the  affinity  in  many  important 
respects  between  the  Hungarian  and  Finnish 
languages,  a  circumstance  which  caused  the 
publication  of  several  polemical  treatises. 
Eventually,  in  1769,  Max  Hell,  an  astro- 
nomer interested  in  linguistic  and  ethno- 
graphical  problems,  visiting  Norway  to 
observe  the  transit  of  Venus,  availed  himself 
of  the  opportunity  to  make  certain  researches 
among  the  Lapps.  At  the  invitation  of 
Hell,  John  Sajnovics  accompanied  him,  and 
he,  on  his  return  home,  published  a  work 
showing  the  similarity  of  the  speech  of  the 
Lapps  to  Hungarian,  and  suggesting  their 
common  origin.  This  theory  further  re- 
search confirmed,  and  enough  satisfactory 
evidence  was  obtained  to  prove  a  connexion 
between  Hungarian  and  the  various  races 
forming  the  Ugrian-Finnic  branch  of  the 
great  Turanian  family. 

These  discoveries  have  not  been  received 
with  universal  favour  in  Hungary,  where 
many  prefer  the  attribution  of  kinship 
with  the  warlike  Turk  rather  than  the 
peaceful  Finn,  and  much  ink  has  been 
wasted  in  efforts  to  controvert  proved 
facts.  The  Turkish  element  in  Hungarian 
speech  is  not  large,  allowance  being  made 
for  the  relations  of  the  two  races,  and  it 
appears  to  have  been  taken  up  and  assi- 
milated during  the  last  few  centuries  only  ; 
whereas  the  main  body  of  the  Magyar 
language  has  evidently  existed  from  an 
extremely  remote  period.  The  grammatical 
construction  of  Hungarian  corresponds  in 
many  most  important  particulars  with 
that  of  Finnish  and  other  members  of  the 
same  Ural-Asiatic  family,  and  so  many 
instances  are  adduced  by  Prof.  Simonyi 
of  the  identity  of  the  various  races  as, 
apart  from  other  overwhelming  evidence, 
to  place  the  matter  outside  the  ran  go  of 
speculation.  The  similarity  of  thoir  de- 
clensions and  conjugations,  their  uniformity 
in  plurals,  and  various  other  points,  are 
sufficient  to  prove  the  kinship  of  tho  idioms. 
Tho  oldest  document  in  Hungarian,  a  fac- 
simile of  which  forms  tho  frontispiece  to 
tho  present  volume,  dates  only  from  the 
end  of  tho  twelfth  century,  but  it  is  valuable 
as  showing  that  tho  orthography  of  even 
that  comparatively  rocent  period  moro 
closoly  resomblos  that  of  tho  anciont  Finnic 
group  than  does  tho  orthography  of  to-day. 

In  tho  courso  of  centuries  Hungarian 
has,  naturally,  absorbed  many  foreign 
words,  especially  from  its  Turkish  and 
Slavonian  neighbours,  for  words  aro  im- 
ported with  food  and  clothing  ;    but  whilst 


a  few  of  these  words  have  retained  their 
native  characteristics,  others  have  assumed 
the  formations  of  the  adoptive  language. 
After  a  period  the  latter  are  regarded  by  the 
foster  parent  as  members  of  its  own  family, 
and  they  repudiate  the  suggestion  that 
they  are  only  naturalized  aliens.  It  is 
thus  that  a  mythical  kinship  is  asserted. 
Instances  of  such  transmutations,  as  cited 
by  Prof.  Simonyi,  have  parallels  in  other 
idioms  than  Hungarian,  and  the  Professor's 
words  coincide  with  Balzac's  when  he  refers 
to  the  pleasure  derivable  from  tracing  the 
wanderings  of  a  word  from  one  language 
to  another.  A  singular  example  of  the 
migrations  of  such  an  item  of  speech  is 
given  by  Prof.  Simonyi  in  the  Hungarian 
word  zsemlye,  "  a  roll  of  bread."  This  he 
derives  from  the  German  Semmel,  formerly 
signifying  not  only  a  roll,  but  also  "  fine 
white  flour  "  ;  the  latter  meaning  he  com- 
pares with  tho  Latin,  old  French,  and 
Basque  cognates.  The  Romans,  he  deems, 
took  the  word  from  the  Greeks,  who,  in 
their  turn,  derived  it  from  the  Phoenicians. 
The  word,  he  states,  must  have  been  origin- 
ally derived  from  a  Semitic  source,  as  the 
Arabic  samid  means  "  white  bread,"  as 
does  also  the  old  Indian  word  samida. 
Prof.  Simonyi  does  not  note  that  the  Scandi- 
navian race  has  very  similar  terms,  as  has 
even  provincial  English,  simlin  being  a 
"  tea-cake "  in  the  Somerset  dialect.  The 
Lancashire  "  simnel  cake  "  may  be  another 
variant  of  the  word,  although  commonly 
derived  from  the  impostor  Simnel,  who 
was  a  baker's  son. 

During  their  supremacy  in  Hungary  the 
Turks  introduced  several  words  and  phrases 
into  the  Magyar  speech,  as  well  as,  Prof. 
Simonyi  points  out,  several  Persian  and 
Arabic  terms.  From  Slavonian  sources  he 
discovers  in  Hungarian  about  1,000  words, 
as  well  as  some  hundreds  moro  which 
linger  on  in  provincial  dialects.  A  certain 
amount  of  mediaeval  Latin  has  beon  in- 
corporated, whilst  German  and  other 
adjacent  nations  have  contributed  their 
quota.  In  return  for  these  acquisitions 
Hungary  has  provided  neighbouring  races 
with  a  few  words,  chiefly  military.  From 
a  selection  of  these  Prof.  Simonyi  can  only 
trace  a  very  few  contributed  to  the  English 
vocabulary,  but  to  his  list  may  bo  added 
sliako. 

A  circumstance  which  exercised  immense 
influence  on  the  Hungarian  language  and 
brought  it  within  the  pale  of  European 
speech  was  the  adoption  of  Latin  letters  ; 
they  were  taken  over  with  tho  Christian 
faith.  The  uso  of  these  letters  greatly 
influenced  the  orthography  and  pronuncia- 
tion of  the  Magyar  speech.  Tho  alphabets 
of  the  Cliristians  did  not  possess  sufficient 
single  letters  to  express  all  tho  sounds  of 
the  Hungarian  tongue.  It  was  therefore 
found  necessary  to  explain  them  by  various 
combinations,  and  these  combinations,  as 
our  author  shows,  not  having  always 
proved  adequate,  have  sometimes  led  tc 
mistakes,  and  at  other  times  have  varied, 
and  still  continue  to  vary,  under  the  force 
of  circumstance.  An  additional  obstacle 
to  the  preservation  of  tho  national  pro- 
nunciation arose  from  tho  traditional  pro- 
nunciation of  Latin  by  tho  Catholic  priest- 
hood, whilst  an  alien  orthography  was 
adopted  by  certain  Government  officials 
who  had  studied  abroad.  All  these  difli- 
cultios  impeded  tho  attempt  to  maintain 
tho  purity  of  tho  original  tongue.  yet, 
ik. (withstanding  so  many  drawbacks,  the 
construction  of  tho  language  soems  to  have 
varied  but  slightly  throughout  tho  ages 
from  its  pristine  form,  and  the  syntax  and 
etymology  have  rotain<Ml  their  main  charac- 
teristics. '  To     tho     many     peculiarities     of 


254 


T  II  K    AT  II  EN  A-:\'  M 


No.  U92,  Feb.  29,  i 


the  Hungarian  tongue  it  Lb  needless  t<>  n  fee 
here,  m  they  me-3  be  reedilj  examined 
in  any  grammatical  treatise;  but  it  will 
be  fauna  tlmt  in  1 1 »» »  presenl  work  Rrof. 
Bimonyi  lms  subjected  all  ihoir  salient 
features  ti>  a  crucial  analysiB  and  historical 
exposition.  Apart  from  the  primary  objeel 
of  ins  work,  it  should  be  noted  that  tho 
author  throws  illuminating  Bide-lighte  upon 

tlu«  complicated  ramifications  of  languages 
other  than  Hungarian,  so  that  tho  book  is 
a    guide    to   Btudente    desirous   of   tracing 

in  a  methodical  manner  tho  roots  and 
developments  of  varying  idioms.  Cortainly 
for  any  ono  desirous  of  thoroughly  com- 
prehending tho  origin  and  growth  of 
Hungarian,  this  work  is  indisponsable. 

A  Dictionary  of  the  Hungarian  and  English 
Languages.  By  Arthur  B.  Yolland,  Phil.D. 
(Budapest,  Franklin-Tarsulat.) — If,  as  the 
publishers  claim,  the  work  under  notice  be 
"  the  first  exhaustive  dictionary  of  the 
two  languages,"  English  and  Hungarian, 
Dr.  Yolland  deserves  praise  as  the  pioneer 
through  the  highways  and  byways  of  two 
intricate  tongues. 

This  dictionary  is  by  no  means  exhaustive, 
nor  does  its  author  say  it  is,  but  it  is  certainly 
a  great  advance  upon  any  previous  attempt 
to  provide  a  comprehensive  and  trustworthy 
guide,  for  the  use  of  Hungarians,  especially 
the  legal,  literary,  and  commercial  classes, 
to  the  words  and  construction  of  the  English 
language.  The  need  of  such  a  work  may 
not,  in  the  past,  have  been  greatly  felt  in 
Hungary,  where  educated  persons  know 
German  and,  generally,  French,  so  that  a 
knowledge  of  English  may  be  acquired 
through  the  medium  of  those  tongues.  The 
number  of  English-speaking  people  needing, 
or  desirous  of  knowing,  Hungarian  was 
hitherto  not  considerable.  Recently,  com- 
mercial intercourse  between  Great  Britain 
and  Hungary,  and  the  United  States  and 
Hungary,  has  increased  immensely,  so  that 
a  dictionary  like  this  is  indispensable. 
Many  Hungarians,  especially  of  the  literary 
and  political  classes,  who  have  acquired 
some  acquaintance  with  the  English  speech, 
also  want  it.  Various  Hungarian  scholars 
have  projected  a  bilingual  dictionary  for 
the  two  races,  and  we  may  name  Ignatius 
Singer  and  Sigismund  Wekey  amongst 
them  ;  whilst  the  late  Derwont  Coleridge 
had  evidently  taken  some  tentative  steps 
in  the  same  direction.  The  efforts  of  none 
of  these  students  appear  to  have  been 
successful,  therefore  Dr.  Yolland  is  to  be 
all  the  more  congratulated  upon  the  appear- 
ance of  tho  first  volume  of  his  work. 

Much  needful  and  special  information 
is  given  in  the  prefatory  pages  of  the  volume 
respecting  certain  orthographical  peculiari- 
ties of  the  English  language  and  the  forma- 
tion of  compound  words,  whilst  the  scheme 
of  pronunciation  for  Hungarians  is  well 
worked  out.  Some  valuable  space  has  been 
gained  by  a  careful  method  of  condensation, 
in  which,  the  root-word  being  prominently 
set  forth,  repetition  is  avoided.  A  largo 
number  of  words  and  phrases  not  to 
be  found  in  ordinary  lexicons  are  supplied, 
but  wo  must  confess  our  inability  to  discover 
by  what  rules  Dr.  Yolland  has  been  guided 
as  to  many  of  his  omissions.  He  gives 
many  slang  and  other  colloquial  expressions, 
and  includes  Cliristian  and  nick-names, 
names  of  countries  and  of  cities,  nationalized 
foreign  words  and  provincialisms,  and  also 
many  newly  invented  terms,  yet  in  all 
these  subjects  omits  words  which  appear 
to  us  equally  important.  If  such  words  as 
"  appendicitis,"  "electrocute,"  and  so  forth, 
are  too  modern  for  a  work  of  1908,  what 
is  the  reason  for  including  others  of  equal 
newness  ?     Nor  can  the  reason  for  several 


exclusions    be    understood    in    the   ah  • 
■  .I    explanation.     Why    should    Liverpool, 
Aberdeen,  and  Bristol  he  given,  and  Man- 
chester,  Cork,  and    Inverness   he  left  out? 

Canada  is  included,  hut  Columbia  cannot 
be  found.  Philistine,  perhaps  on  account 
of  its  literary  use,  is  given,  hut  Phoenician 
is  not.  Abattoir  appears,  but  abattis  does 
not  ;  absinth,  from  the  Latin,  is  included, 
but  the  more  frequently  used  French 
abxiiitlK  is  ignored.  It  may  bo  difficult 
to  find  Hungarian  equivalents  for  somo 
words,  especially  slang,  but  we  are  not 
satisfied  that  Dr.  Yolland  has  always  given 
the  best  translation  of  them  available. 
When  the  dictionary  is  reprinted  he  will 
doubtless  discover  errors  inseparable  from 
its  first  publication  ;  meanwhile  it  is  to 
be  hoped  that  an  appreciative  public  will 
reward  him  for  a  work  of  great  utility, 
involving  much  labour. 


SHORT    STORIES. 


A  Sheaf  of  Corn,  by  Mrs.  Mary  E.  Mann 
(Methuen),  is  a  varied  collection  of  tales, 
derived  from  periodicals,  no  doubt, 
over  a  number  of  years.  Mrs.  Mann  is 
one  of  our  most  accomplished  writers  of 
fiction,  and  her  ease  and  deftness  never 
fail  to  please,  even  when  she  chooses  de- 
liberately to  be  tragic  or  to  deal  with  the 
horrible.  She  chooses  so  in  this  miscellany 
rather  oftener  than  we  could  wish.  A  con- 
siderable number  of  the  stories  deal  with 
death  or  disaster.  Several  of  them  relate 
to  East  Anglian  scenes,  a  district  about  which 
the  habitual  novel-reader  must  be  slowly 
developing  a  prejudice.  We  do  not  recall 
one  writer  who  represents  East  Anglian  fife 
in  other  than  lurid  and  sordid  colours.  Mrs. 
Mann's  graceful  pen  cannot  mitigate  the 
ugliness  of  the  peasant  life  and  character 
which  she  describes.  Read  '  Dora  of  the 
Ringolets,'  for  instance,  in  this  book,  or 
'  Women  o'  Dulditch,'  and  you  will  no  longer 
demur  to  other  studies  of  the  district  in 
Zola's  vein.  Through  all  that  Mrs.  Mann 
writes  runs  a  reality  which  is  persuasive, 
yet  is  never  quite  horrid  realism.  Such  an 
episode  (which  is  no  story  at  all)  as  '  Freddy's 
Ship  '  is  remarkable  in  its  arresting  power, 
in  its  capacity  to  seize  the  reader's  interest 
by  its  mere  naturalness  and  poignancy  of 
situation.  Here  is  a  writer,  moreover, 
with  a  genuine  sense  of  humour,  which  is 
grateful  to  the  jaded  reader.  Indeed,  he 
will  wish  she  showed  more  of  it  in  this  book. 
Chaff  and  grain  are  mingled,  but  there  is  far 
more  of  the  latter  than  the  former. 

Capt.  Spink,  and  other  Sea  Comedies. 
By  Morley  Roberts.  (Eveleigh  Nash.) — 
Mr.  Morley  Roberts  is  irrepressible.  He  is 
the  sea-rover  of  literature,  with  a  buccaneer's 
swagger  and  a  sailor's  roll ;  "  full  of  strange 
oaths,"  and  with  a  broad  sense  of  humour. 
These  are  really  farces  of  the  sea,  which 
he  delivers  to  us  over  his  pipe  and  glass. 
Tho  author  knows  every  foot  of  a  ship 
and  every  turn  of  the  ocean.  Landlubbers 
will  enjoy  his  stories  perhaps  even  better 
than  seafarers,  who  may  find  themselves 
too  broadly  painted.  For  Mr.  Morley 
Roberts  uses  crude  colours  and  chalks, 
and  you  must  stand  a  little  way  back  to  get 
the  best  effects.  We  can  laugh  at  these 
"  tall  "  stories,  as  we  say,  but  at  the  same 
time  we  may  regret  that  Mr.  Morley  Roberts 
will  not  apply  his  talents  and  his  experience 
to  writing  a  real  representative  novel  of 
the  soa.  It  would  be  different  from  Mr. 
Conrad's  work,  and  from  Mr.  Clark  Russell's. 

The  majority  of  the  stories  in  Mrs.  Camp- 
bell Praed's  new  volume  Stubble  before  the 
Wind    (John    Long),    centre    round    Castle 


Strange    ami    it-    ohscmang    bo  nat 

Felicia,  who  has  the  uncomfortable  ^rif t  of 
second  sight.  In  all  ofthe 
spiritualism  i-  predominant,  and  the  author 
been  obhgi  d  to  contend 

with  the  el*  merit  of  the  commonplace, 
•  ly  and  dangerously  allied  to  that  of 
the  occult  in  fiction.  On  the  whole,  she  has 
been  successful  ;  but  many '  readers  will 
consider  '  From  an  Upper  Window,' 
which  gives  a  vivid  impressionist 
sketch  of  a  country  inn,  and  '  The 
Second  Mrs.  Stimpson,'  a  veracious 
study  of  the  reserve  which  characterizes 
tho  working  classe  ,  tho  best  chapters  in  the 
book. 

Looking  Seaward  Again.  By  Sir  Walter 
Runciman.  (Walter  Scott  Publishing  Com- 
pany.)— Sir  Walter  Runciman's  seaward 
gaze  ( arrios  him  back  to  portions  of  last 
century  in  which  seafaring  still  contained 
many  of  the  romantic  elements  of  the  days 
before  steam.  Our  children  and  grand- 
children will  stand  a  better  chance  than  we 
do  of  appreciating  turbine  and  liquid-fuel 
romances,  with  submarine  and  wireless 
telegraphic  accessories.  In  the  meantime, 
we  can  all  enjoy  the  sort  of  atmosphere 
Sir  Walter  Runciman  deals  in,  with  its 
smack  of  salt,  and  its  genuine  example  of 
a  type  of  manhood  which  showed  remark- 
ably little  variation  between  the  Elizabethan 
era  and  the  coming  of  steam.  The  half 
dozen  of  sketches  given  here  are  almost 
as  inconsequent  as  were  the  lives  of  the 
sailors  they  deal  with,  but  that  does  not 
detract  seriously  from  their  interest.  They 
are  good,  robust  yams. 

The  Eloping  Malvarani,  by  C.  B.  Hunter 
(Francis  Griffiths),  contains  three  stories 
of  the  Purdah  side  of  modern  Indian  fife,  a 
story  with  a  Burmese  Pwe  dancer  for  heroine, 
and  a  tragic  narrative  of  love  and  jealousy, 
the  scene  of  which  is  laid  in  Stromboli. 
The  author  has  been  "  a  guest  in  several 
Native  States  in  Northern  India,"  and  has 
gained  much  local  knowledge  ;  but  a  novelist 
must  invent  as  well  as  observe,  and  in 
invention  Mrs.  Hunter  is  too  unrealistic. 
For  instance,  she  makes  a  reclaimed  fille 
de  joie  "  without  education  "  read  Emerson 
to  a  retired  professional  beggar,  equally 
uncultivated  ;  and  tho  improbability  of  an 
incident  which  does  not  affect  the  mechan- 
ism of  the  story  in  which  it  occurs,  shakes 
one's  belief  in  her  Maharajah,  who  resumed 
pleasant  conjugal  relations  with  his  wife 
after  she  had  eloped  with  an  engineer. 
Rose-colour  is  Mrs.  Hunter's  natural  visual 
medium,  but  twice  she  introduces  the 
horrible,  as  though  to  assure  us  that  her 
optimism  is  not  the  result  of  timidity. 

Probably  most  readers  of  Under  Masks, 
by  H.  F.  Wiber  Wood  (Sisley),  will  agree 
that  on  the  whole  the  best  of  the  stories 
is  tho  one  called  'How  Chiltern,  M.P., 
lost  Hundreds.'  To  us  it  appears  not  only 
to  contain  the  best  motive,  but  also  to  be 
the  best  told.  None  has  in  any  great 
measure  the  true  element  or  style  that  makes 
for  the  strikingly  good  short  story  ;  but 
the  one  we  mention  has  at  least  an  uncanny 
air  of  mystification  in  identities  that  leaves 
ono  wondering  which  of  the  two  men  in 
question  was  last  seen,  or  if  there  was  not 
one  person  all  the  while.  To  produce  this 
uncomfortable  sense  of  topsy-turvydom 
requires  something  in  the  matter  and  the 
manner  of  telling  out  of  the  common. 

Canon  Sheehan's  Short  Stories.  (Burns  & 
Oates.) — Though  not  announced  as  a  new 
edition,  this  collection  of  stories  dates  from 
the  autumn  of  1904,  and  has  been  already 
reviewed  in  The  Athenaeum.  So  far  as  wo 
remember,  no  change  has  been  made  in 
any  of  the  tales  comprised  in  the  volume. 


No.  4192,  Feb.  29,  1908 


THE    ATHENAEUM 


255 


OUR    LIBRARY   TABLE. 

There  is  no  greater  literary  difficulty 
than  to  write  the  life  of  a  nearly  perfect 
human  being  while  he  is  with  us  in  this 
world.  Mr.  Aaron  Watson  may  be  con- 
gratulated upon  the  fashion  in  which  he 
has  dealt  with  such  a  task  in  A  Great  Labour 
Leader  :  being  a  Life  of  the  Right  Hon. 
Thomas  Burt,  M.P.  (Brown,  Langham  & 
Co.).  What  the  advocatus  diaboli  would 
find  to  say  if  it  were  proposed  to  canonize 
Mr.  Burt  no  one  has  ever  been  able  to  sug- 
gest, and  it  is  the  "  human  nature  "  present 
in  men  like  Gladstone  and  Randolph 
Churchill  that  helps  their  biographers  to 
interest  the  public  in  the  pages  of  their 
books.  If  we  are  to  suggest  points  of 
possible  criticism,  one  is  that  the  depth 
of  the  early  friendship  between  Joseph 
Cowen  and  Mr.  Burt  is  hardly  brought  out 
in  the  volume,  on  account,  probably,  of 
strong  party  differences  in  later  life.  Even 
here,  however,  we  find  full  justice  done  to 
the  topic  in  words  that  meet  our  doubt, 
except  so  far  as  development  of  the  subject 
is  concerned  : — 

"Cowen became  one  of  Mr.    Burt's  closest 

friends,  and  one  of  the  most  enthusiastic  helpers  of 
the  cause  of  emancipation  among  the  miners.  But 
for  Mr.  Cowen  and  his  newspapers,  indeed,  there 
might  have  been  no  miners'  member  for  Morpeth." 
The  final  judgment  of  Mr.  Aaron  Watson 
on  Mr.  Burt  is  suggested  by  his  last  words  : — 

"To  give  up  what  would  have  been  a  personal 
advantage  has  not,  by  him,  been  regarded  as  a 
sacrifice.  He  thinks  of  himself  neither  as  hero  nor 
martyr  ;  nor  that  he  has  lived  a  great  life  and  set 
a  great  example.  He  is  pleased  to  have  been  use- 
ful, content  that  others  should  think  so,  and  mildly 
but  steadfastly  impatient  of  praise." 
Politicians  are  not  supposed  to  be  modest 
men,  but  it  is  the  modesty  of  Mr.  Burt 
which  prevents  his  being  as  well  known  to 
the  general  public  as  are  many  less  interest- 
ing people.  Wo  should  be  inclined  to  pick 
out  from  among  his  great  qualities,  above 
all,  Mr.  Burt's  judgment,  and  his  cultivation, 
in  spite  of  his  early  want  of  opportunities. 
He  appears,  indeed,  to  possess  perfect 
wisdom  within  the  limits  of  his  knowledge, 
and,  without  any  limit  at  all,  exquisite 
taste.  We  have  detected  no  error  in  our 
perusal  of  Mr.  Aaron  Watson's  work  except 
a  repetition  of  the  popular  belief  that  '  The 
Happy  Land,'  ';  after  a  few  representations, 
was  peremptorily  suppressed  by  the  Lord 
Chamberlain."  The  "  make-up "  of  the 
three  actors  who  represented  Gladstone, 
Lowe,  and  Ayrton  was,  indeed,  at  once  put 
down ,  but  the  play  continued  its  run  without 
further  interference. 

The  Manchester  and  Glasgow  Road.  By 
Charles  G.  Harper.  2  vols.  (Chapman  & 
Hall.) — Mr.  Harper  indefatigably  continues 
his  work  of  "  writing  up "  the  old  coach 
roads.  In  this  performance  he  has  no  rival, 
and  so  we  are  always  grateful  to  him, 
despite  his  reiterated  faults  of  style  and 
taste.  His  honest  candour  is  carried  to 
tho  verge  of  impropriety.  He  is  seized  with 
a  fine  frenzy  against  what  ho  would  no 
doubt  stylo  monopolists,  and  he  lashes  out 
with  his  pen  on  tho  sight  of  the  tyrants. 
Ho  has  a  lengthy  tirade  in  these  volumes 
against  tho  Grimthorpe  restoration  of  St. 
Alban's  Cathedral.  In  this  ho  might  have 
the  sympathy  of  many  readers  if  his  assault 
had  boon  in  another  koy.  But  there  is  less 
justification  for  his  rude  remarks  on  tho 
Russoll  family,  which  excites  his  ire  when 
he  gets  as  far  as  Woburn.  His  resum6  of 
the  history  of  tho  Russells  includos  com- 
mon ts  which,  to  put  it  gently,  aro  not  in 
the  bost  of  tasto.  Mr.  Harpor,  it  appears, 
thinks  of  tho  Russells  as  "  a  succession  of 
bloated  spiders,  gorged  but  still  unsatisfiod. 


incredibly  rich,  incredibly  wealthy,  shame- 
lessly mean  :  deriving  from  their  London 
ground-rents  an  income  that  emperors 
might  envy,  and  yet  sharing  no  burdens  and 
doing  no  work  for  the  State."  Mr.  Harper 
convicts  himself  of  inconsistency  on  this 
very  theme,  which  he  mounts  as  if  it  were 
a  hobby-horse.  He  condemns  the  Russell 
policy  which  prevents  building  in  Woburn 
on  one  page  ;  and  in  the  next  paragraph 
writes  of  the  village  as  "  a  rare  and  interest- 
ing relic  of  times  past."  This  frame  of  mind 
is  past  praying  for. 

Sir  Kenelm  Digby,  son  of  that  Digby 
who  went  to  the  block  for  participation  in 
the  Gunpowder  Plot,  introduced  into  the 
demesne  of  Gayhurst  edible  snails  for  the 
benefit  of  his  consumptive  wife  Venetia, 
and  Mr.  Harper  tells  us  of  their  descendants 
in  the  woods  to  this  day.  Oddly  enough, 
this  course  of  history  is  repeated  at  St. 
Martha's,  near  Guildford,  once  in  the 
possession  of  an  Earl  of  Arundel,  who 
introduced  the  snail  in  the  interests  of 
another  consumptive  wife — an  Italian  ;  and 
to-day  the  big  shells  are  common  in  that 
countryside.  Mr.  Harper  is  most  interest- 
ing, perhaps,  when  he  writes  of  Manchester 
and  Morecambe  Sands  ;  but  he  surmounts 
all  his  difficulties  in  the  same  cheerful  spirit 
with  which  he  has  evidently  tackled  the 
road.  He  carries  us  along  with  his  usual 
chatter,  and  the  same  sufficing  pictures. 
We  are  grateful  to  him  for  calling  attention 
to  that  remarkable  and  anonymous  prophet 
of  1 824  who  foretold  the  coming  of  the  motor 
car,  even  to  its  smell  ;  but  we  must  deplore 
the  careless  "  bookmaking  "  tendency  which 
induces  the  author  to  insert  no  fewer  than 
fifty-six  pages  from  the  narrative  of  Bam- 
ford's  tramp  to  Manchester  in  1807.  Gretna 
Green  is,  of  course,  included  in  this  itinerary, 
and  receives  due  handling  from  Mr.  Harper. 

In  the  Footprints  of  Dante.  Compiled 
by  Paget  Toynbee.  (Methuen  &  Co.) — 
Dr.  Toynbee,  deserting  for  a  while  the  more 
arduous  paths  of  Dante  research,  in  which 
he  has  proved  himself  so  efficient  a  guide, 
has  lingered  among  the  beauties  that 
environ  and  cheer  that  rugged  route,  and 
compiled  an  anthology,  in  prose  and  verse, 
of  his  favourite  passages — which,  it  may  be 
said,  are,  or  should  be,  those  of  all  readers 
who  truly  know  the  poet.  For  the  benefit, 
presumably,  of  any  who  wish  to  use  this 
book  as  an  introduction,  for  which  it  seems 
very  well  fitted,  he  has  appended  renderings 
by  some  of  the  most  approved  craftsmen 
in  this  kind,  eked  out  by  a  few  of  his  own, 
which  seem  to  us  for  the  most  part  in  no 
way  inferior  to  the  rest.  Indeed,  we  think 
he  might  in  one  or  two  cases  have  drawn 
further  on  himself  with  advantage.  He 
could  surely  have  produced  a  hotter  rendering 
of  the  opening  lines  of  '  Inf.'  xxiv.  than  the 
very  loose  and  inaccurate  paraphrase  of 
an  anonymous  writer  of  1746  in  Dodsley's 
Magazine.  That  of  the  Lord's  Prayer 
(first  twenty-one  linos  of  '  Purg.'  xi.)  by 
William  Huggins  (1760)  was,  on  the  other 
hand,  well  worth  preserving  ;  though  tho 
use  of  "  punctures  "  for  sprona  roads  oddly 
in  these  cycling  days.  Wo  should  havo 
liked  one  tercet  more  from  tho  opening 
of  '  Par.'  xi.  to  bring  out  the  poet's  magnifi- 
cent scorn  for  those  who  wore  interesting 
tliomsolves  in  the  pursuits  that  make  men 
famous  while  the  joys  of  heaven  wero  being 
unfolded  to  him.  The  worst  fault  we  can 
find  with  Dr.  Toynbee  is  that,  led  no  doubt 
by  friendship,  ho  has  taken  nearly  all  his 
renderings  for  tho  '  Purgatory '  from  the 
Provost  of  Oriel's  version  of  that  cantica 
in  tin'  metro  of  Marvoll's  ode.  Clovor  us 
a  torn-  dr  force,  and  scholarly  as  that  version 
Unquestionably    is,    it    always    seems    to    us 


a  piece  of  perversity.  One  might  as  well 
sit  down  and  put  the  '  Iliad '  into  alcaics. 
The  selections  from  the  '  Convito '  are 
well  made,  and  ought  to  open  many  eyes 
to  the  splendid  rhetoric  and  criticism  with 
which  that  much-neglected  treatise,  the 
greatest  Italian  prose  work  before  1500, 
abounds.  We  note  one  small  error  of 
translation.  In  Book  II.  chap.  ix.  "  dan- 
nosissima "  does  not  mean  "  damnable  " 
(though  Dante  would  doubtless  have  acceded 
to  that),  but  "  hurtful."  The  volume 
closes  with  a  fine  sonnet  by  the  editor  on 
the  theme  "  estne  ista  revocatio  gloriosa." 
Has  Dr.  Toynbee  noticed  that  the  title  of 
his  book  is  identical,  except  for  language, 
with  that  of  one  by  Count  de  Gubernatis  ? 
However,  no  one  is  likely  to  confuse  the  two. 

Lexicon  to  the  English  Poetical  Works  of 
John  Milton.  By  Laura  E.  Lockwood. 
(Macmillan  &  Co.) — Readers  and  students 
of  Milton's  poems  will  find  this  judiciously 
compiled  volume  of  signal  service,  as  it 
gives  in  brief  the  most  important  points 
of  the  information  afforded  by  annotated 
editions  and  big  dictionaries,  arranged  so 
that  what  is  wanted  for  any  special  passage 
can  be  seen  at  a  glance.  The  editor  cannot 
have  been  much  indebted  to  concordances, 
as  she  gives  more  quotations  for  some  words, 
e.g.,  "  myself,"  than  Dr.  Bradshaw.  In 
contrast  to  the  method  of  his  concordance, 
in  this  lexicon  the  different  meanings  and 
uses  of  each  word  are  clearly  digested  and 
severally  illustrated,  "  on,"  for  instance, 
being  treated  in  2  divisions,  18  sub- 
divisions, and  35  sections.  In  the  excellent 
article  on  "  know,"  the  construction 
"  with  a  part.  ;  knew  not  eating  death  : 
'  P.  L.'  ix.  792,"  should  have  been  explained 
as  an  imitation  of  classical  Greek  ;  and  cer- 
tainly "  know  his  works  |  Not  hid,"  '  P.  L.' 
xi.  578f.,  a  slight  variation,  should  have  been 
added.  A  more  exact  definition  of  "  te- 
trarch  "  than  "  a  subordinate  ruler  "  might 
have  been  given,  as  Milton  meant  "  rulers 
each  of  one  of  the  four  elements,"  '  P.  R.' 
iv.  201.  Under  "  dissect,"  '  P.  L.'  ix.  29, 
it  should  have  been  pointed  out,  as  also 
in  English  dictionaries,  that  it  means 
"  describe  like  a  surgeon  the  mutilation  of." 
Where  definitions  are  hardly  wanted,  they 
are  now  and  then  amusing  ;  e.g.,  "  bur,'' 
"  plant,  producing  burs  "  ;  "  forked,"  "  bi- 
furcate "  ;  "  forewarning,"  "  premoni- 
tion "  ;  while  "  bull,  (a)  male  of  the  do- 
mestic Bostaurus.  .  .  .(b)  papal  edict,"  needs 
correction  as  to  both  the  zoological  term 
and  the  editor's  practice  of  confusing 
homonyms  of  distinct  origin  and  meaning. 
The  references  have  been  tested  with  tolerable 
severity,  without  revealing  any  inaccuracy, 
and  this  laborious  work  is  in  every  respect 
worthy  of  commendation. 

We  have  received  from  Mr.  Arrowsmith 
of  Bristol  The  Small  Holdings  and  Allotments 
Handbook,  by  Mr.  Corrie  Grant,  M.P.  The 
volume  contains  the  text  of  all  the  Acts, 
and  may  be  commended  as  a  "  semi-official  " 
relation  of  tho  benefits  of  tho  Act  of  last 
year,  written  by  one  of  its  best  friends. 

The  Agricultural  Holdings  Act,  1906,  by 
Mr.  Ernest  Harvey  (Buttorworth  &  Co.), 
is  less  a  "Handbook  to"  the  Act  than  a 
most  able  demonstration  of  tho  best  means 
of  driving  the  traditional  coach  and  four 
horses  through  it.  Mr.  Harvey  states 
frankly  in  his  Preface  that  he  does  not  think 
this  law  likely  to  serve  "  the  best  interests 
of  oithor  landlords  or  tenants''  He  re- 
peatedly points  out  its  "revolutionary 
character,  but  ends  by  admitting  that, 
after  all,   the  landowners    who  have  still 

much  "  time  allowed  to  them  during  which 

they  may  makesuoh  now  arrangementa  with 
their  tenants  as  they  may    Leexn. . .  .desir- 


250 


Til  E    ATI!  KNiEUM 


No.  U02,  Feb.  29,  1908 


able-    ...  .may ...  .speaking     generally.... 

be    <  «>nt. -nt    to    loa\o    thing!    SS    they    are.'' 
Mi.   1 1  mi  n  .\  Alrivei  at  tins  result  by  showing 

with  regard  t.»  almost  every  elanse  that  it 
\mI1  probably  "prove  ■  <lt"«<l  letter**; 
while  he  suggests  that  if  judgments  should 
kbheh  its  force,  there  eadst  means  of 
avoiding  its  operation.  Thus,  for  example, 
section  8,  on  freedom  of  Dropping,  he  de- 
scribes as  the  most  objectionable,  and  then 
makes  elaborate  .suggestions  as  to  the  future 
form  to  be  adopted  in  contract  of-tenancy 
clauses.  Section  4  is  also  "  of  a  revolution- 
ary character,"  but  "  so  hedged  round  with 
provisoes  and  limitations,  which,  so  to 
speak,  take  the  sting  out  of  it,  that  these 
fears  will  not  improbably  bo  found  in  practice 
to  have  been  exaggerated."  Section  5, 
again,  "  is  entirely  new  in  principle  and  is  of 
a~  revolutionary  charactor  "  ;  and  here  Mr. 
Harvey  is  not  able  to  give  clear  advice  to 
his  readers,  for  he  states  a  "  legal  conun- 
drum "  to  be  solved  only  by  "a  judicial 
decision."  Section  7  he  thinks  ''  will  prob- 
ably provo  more  or  less  a  dead  letter "  ; 
and  thus,  bit  by  bit,  the  whole  Act  is  dis- 
posed of.  It  will  be  seen  that  Mr.  Harvey's 
book  is  less  a  handbook  for  the  student  than 
a  guide  to  the  land-agent  in  dealing  with  the 
new  law.  We  note  one  sentence  which 
bears  on  a  well-known  difference  between 
the  law  of  England  and  the  law  of  France 
— the  basis  of  much  present  controversy  in 
Canada.      Mr.    Harvey     writes :       "  What 

5>assed  in  Parliament  has  apparently  no 
egal  value  for  the  purposes  of  the  con- 
struction of  a  statute."  We  should  have 
thought  that  there  was  no  doubt  whatever 
upon  the  point,  and  are  not  aware  that  serious 
contention  has  been  set  up  on  the  other  side. 
The  law  of  France  recognizes  authorized 
interpretation  by  Ministers  and  Departments, 
while  it  does  not  recognize  judicial  decisions, 
virtually  equivalent  to  statute  law  in  this 
country.  Mr.  Harvey's  book  is  marked  by 
industry  and  ability,  whatever  may  be  the 
opinion  held  of  his  point  of  view  and  his 
controversial  style. 

M.  Marcel  Prevost's  new  volume  is 
published  by  Felix  Juven  of  Paris,  under 
the  title  Lettres  d  Frangoisc  mariee.  It  is 
not  because  it  has  been  described  in  France 
as  "  suitable  to  young  ladies  "  that  wo  treat 
it  as  less  good  than  some  of  the  author's 
books  in  which  "  Francoise  "  has  figured — 
notably  his  romance  of  a  German  Court. 
That  it  can  be  thought  of  in  connexion 
with  "  les  jeunos  filles "  shows  a  curious 
change  that  has  come  over  family  life  in 
Paris.  Many  Englishmen  have  noticed 
'  L'Histoire  de  la  Dame  Potelee '  in  IS  Illus- 
tration, but  it  would  hardly  have  occurred 
to  them  to  consider  the  adventures  of  the 
plump  lady  as  suitable  for  family  reading. 
The  book  of  which  the  plump  lady  fills 
throe  short  chapters  is  a  tract  in  favour 
of  the  best  view  of  marriage,  and  some  of 
its  passages  upon  this  theme  are  of  singular 
beaut y,  but,  unfortunately  the  result,  as  a 
whole,  is  a  littlo  dull.  Thore  is  a  good 
deal  about  Mr.  Kipling  and  the  changes 
that  have  passed  over  England,  and  in  one 
chapter  the  author  developes,  both  as  to  this 
country  and  of  France,  a  view  which  is 
worth  examination.  He  contends  that  a 
sudden  rise  of  "  Feminism "  has  brought 
out  tho  temporary  inferiority  of  one  genera- 
tion of  young  men  in  both  countries,  but 
that  no  permanent  fominine  superiority 
is  to  be  apprehended  by  the  male  sex. 

In  the  Land  of  the  Beautiful  Trout,  by 
Arthur  Tysilio  Johnson  (T.  N.  Foulis), 
is  a  collection  of  twelve  prettily  written 
essays — eight  of  which  have  appeared  in 
various  magazines  or  papers — on  matters 
more  or  less  connected  with  fishing.     They 


are  pleasant  to  read  J  the  littlo  book  is 
in  terallv  tinned  out,  and  not  too  largo 
for  the  pocket  of  those-  anglers  who  go  to 
the  rivers  as  much  for  thoir  beauty  as  the 
prospect  of  a  full  basket. 

Mi:ssj(s.  Dent  &  Co.  have  just  issued 
a  new  instalment  of  tho  "  Everyman's 
Library,"  which  has  now  passed  its  three 
hundredth  volume.  Tho  scheme  continue 
to  show  ample  enterprise*  and  resource-. 
Biography  includes  Lew  ess  Life  of  Goethe 
and  Voltaire's  Life  of  Charles  XII.,  specially 
translated  by  Miss  W.  Todhunter.  Voltaire 
is  excellent,  as  well  as  improving,  reading, 
and  Mr.  John  Burns  contributes  a  note  to 
say  that,  as  a  boy,  he  bought  an  English 
version  "  for  a  penny  in  the  New  Cut,"  and 
learnt  much  from  the  Spartan  heroism  of  the 
great  Swede.  Three  volumes  of  Balzac — 
Christ  in  Flanders,  and  other  Stories,  The 
Chouans,  and  The  Quest  of  the  Absolute — are 
all  fine  work,  and,  added  to  those  already 
published,  ought  to  create  a  real  taste 
for  a  master.  Melville's  Omoo  suitably 
follows  his  '  Typee '  ;  and  further  novels 
of  Dickens  include  Little  Dorrit  and  Our 
Mutual  Friend,  to  which  Mr.  Chesterton 
adds,  as  usual,  matter  of  interest.  His 
introductions  show  remarkable  insight,  and 
should  not  be  missed  by  any  Dickensian. 
Lorna  Doone  is  welcome.  Miss  Rose  Kings- 
ley  introduces  her  father's  Water  Babies 
and  Glaucus  with  a  keen  appreciation  of 
his  best  qualities.  Tacitus's  Annals,  Ger- 
mania,  and  Agrieola,  2  vols.,  appear  in 
Murphy's  translation,  to  which  Mr.  E.  H. 
Blakeney  adds  some  sound  verdicts  con- 
cerning the  great  writer,  though  his  own 
■words  are  few  and  not  free  from  repetition. 
He  notes  that  "  as  a  translator  Murphy 
leaves  much  to  be  desired,"  and  we  think 
he  might  have  improved  him  here  and  there, 
at  any  rate  in  the  matter  of  conciseness. 
Thus  the  celebrated  epigram  of  Galgacus  in 
the  '  Agrieola '  reads  here  :  "When  they  have 
made  the  world  a  solitude,  they  call  it  peace." 
Tacitus  says  nothing  about  "  the  world " 
in  the  Latin.  The  Vicar  of  Wakefield  is 
briefly  introduced  by  J.  M.  D.,  who  is  fully 
justified  in  calling  attention  to  the  general 
neglect  of  Goldsmith's  essays.  The  charm 
of  the  '  Vicar  '  is,  indeed,  an  "  art  of  perfect 
artlessness  ";  but  in  speaking  of  the  "  vanity 
and  self-consciousness"  of  the  author,  we 
must  not  forget  that  our  main  view  of  him 
is  that  of  Boswell,  who  was  at  once  un- 
fair and  convincing,  being  both  spiteful 
and  an  artist.  Wordsworth's  Longer  Poems 
and  Lane's  Modern  Egyptians  are  valuable 
additions  to  any  library.  Perhaps,  however, 
the  most  interesting  book  in  the  list 
before  us  is  Parkman's  Conspiracy  of 
Pontiac,  2  vols.  The  author  is  the  subject 
of  an  interesting  appreciation  by  Mr.  Sec- 
combo,  who  does  full  justice  to  his  admirablo 
qualities  and  tho  historical  work  which 
ho  carried  out  for  years  in  spite  of  great 
physical  difficulties.  This  introduction  is 
of  tho  kind  which  is  really  useful,  for  it 
gives  tho  reador  who  knows  nothing  of  Park- 
man  an  insight  into  his  style  and  personal 
qualities. 

That  invaluable  guide  The  English  Cata- 
logue of  Books  (Sampson  Low)  is  before  us. 
We  have  already  exhibited  the  chief  figures 
concerning  last  year's  books.  A  closer 
analysis  of  those  whose  names  appear  most 
frequently  is  not  encouraging.  Careless 
rivalry  among  publishers  is  responsible 
for  a  good  many  unnecessary  volumes. 

The  sixth  volume  of  the  Archiv  fur  das 
Studium  deutscher  Kolonialsprachen  (Berlin, 
Georg  Keimer)  has  just  been  issued  by  Dr. 
Sachau,  of  the  Berlin  Oriental  Seminary, 
and  consists  of  a  grammar  and  dictionary 
of  the  Pogoro  language  by  P.   J.   Hendle, 


K.      The   WmpOgpTO  occupy  tie-  country 

north    of    the    i  langa    River,    one    of    the 

f«  edi  rs  of  the  Rufiji  in  German  East  Afri 
They  appear  to  I"  esst  atiauy  mountain*- 
as  the  dialect   spoken   in   the  hills  is  the 
pureot,   while  that   of  the  plains  has  a  con- 
siderable admixture  of  Ngindo  and  Mpunga. 

The    Library    (Moring)    for    the    eurr< 
quarter   maintains   its    mt<  rest    for    bookish 
readers  of  all  kinds.     It  opens  with  an  ac- 
count  by  Mr.   Gordon   Duff  of  the  famou- 
'  Assertio      Septom      Sacramentorum '       of 
Henry  VIII.  which  was  the  occasion  of  his 
titlo   "  Fidei  Defensor."     Two  topic-    were 
sent  to  Leo  X.,  one  in  MS.  on  vellum,  t)  •» 
other  printed,  both  being  now  in  the  Vatican. 
A  number  were  printed  on  vellum  for  pre- 
sentation   to    various    sovereigns    and    the 
more    important    cardinals,     authenticated 
by  the  royal  signature.     Five  of  these  are 
known  ;     one    in    the    Rylands    Collection 
(presented  "  Regi  Dacie"),  the  other  four 
in  the  Vatican.     Twenty-seven  copies  were 
sent  to  Rome  printed  on  paper,  with   the 
royal    signature    added    by    a    stamp.     An 
example    is    in    the    Fitzwilliam    Museum. 
They   were   bound   by    John    Reynes,    and 
bear    the    arms    of    France    and    England 
quarterly,   supported    by   a   dragon   and   a 
greyhound.     Mr.     Duff    gives    a    complete 
account  of  the  earlyeditions  of  this  important 
work.     Mr.   A.   W.    Pollard  contributes  an 
interesting  and  useful  article  on  the  Siei.' 
Tavolette,     or     painted     bindings     of     the 
municipal    accounts    of    that    city    in    the 
thirteenth,    fourteenth,    and    fifteenth    cen- 
turies.    Forgeries    of    these    are    common, 
but  are  distinguishable  from  originals,  now 
extremely    rare.     A    long    review    of    the 
Prince    d'Essling's    monumental    work    on 
Venetian    engraving    derives    special  value 
from  the  intimate  knowledge  of  the  subject 
by   the  writer.     Mr.   Tilley   contributes   an 
article  on  '  A  Paris  Bookseller  of  the  Six- 
teenth Century,'  which  illustrates  the  wide 
field   over   which   the   activities    of   Galliot 
du   Pre   ranged — an   article   the   more   illu- 
minating from  the  knowledge  of  the  books 
themselves  possessed   by  the  author.     Mr. 
Ballinger  writes   on    '  The  News   Room   in 
Municipal    Libraries,'     a    subject    of    great 
importance  which  is  ripe  for  consideration. 
He  seems   to  have  at   Cardiff  an   excellent 
system  of  making  the  Library  News  Room 
part   of   the   commercial   life   of   the   town, 
and    allowing    a    class    of  ratepayers  whose 
connexion    with    it    has    hitherto    been    re- 
stricted to  paying  the  bills  to  feel  that  they 
are  deriving  practical  benefit  from  it.     Miss 
Lee  contributes  her  usual  article  on  'Recent 
Foreign  Literature.' 

The  Newspaper  Press  Directory  (Mitchell 
&  Co.),  the  '  Whitaker '  of  the  press,  in- 
creases in  bulk.  The  introduction  states 
that  the  United  Kingdom  now  possesses 
2,353  newspapers.  Of  these  404  are  in 
London,  31  being  daily.  Among  changes 
noted  are  the  purchase  of  The  Globe  by  Mr. 
Hildebrand  Harmsworth  (who  later  sold  it 
to  a  company  with  a  capital  of  100,000/.). 
the  discontinuance  of  The  Tribune,  and  the 
establishment  of  an  English  daily  paper 
at  Cairo.  Tho  past  year  has  seen  the  pay- 
ment of  the  heaviest  libel  damages  jet 
incurred  by  a  newspaper,  these  being  paid 
by  the  Daily  Mail,  and  amounting  to 
100,000/.  Reference  is  made  to  the  "  con- 
siderable impetus  given  to  the  circulation 
of  many  journals  by  means  of  limerick 
competitions."  In  addition  to  the  lists  of 
newspapers  and  publications  there  are 
articles  on  the  new  Australian  tariff,  with 
statistics  as  to  imports  ;  on  the  need  of  a 
Federal  Government  for  South  Africa  ; 
and  on  the  import  trados  of  India,  British 
South  Africa,  and  the  West  Indies.     The 


No.  4192,  Feb.  29,  1908 


THE    ATHENiEUM 


257 


volume  contains  some  portraits,  with 
obituary  notices,  of  Sir  George  Armstrong, 
Joseph  Hatton,  Richard  Holbrook,  and 
others. 


AN     UNPUBLISHED    LETTER    OF  jj 
SIR  WALTER  SCOTT. 

Scott  appears  to  have  taken  a  great 
interest  in  the  dispatches  of  the  Right 
Hon.  Sir  Ralph  Sadleir,  who  frequently 
acted  as  Ambassador  to  Scotland  during 
the  time  of  the  Tudors.  The  idea  of  "  Mar- 
mion "  taking  refuge  in  Tantallon  Castle 
was  suggested  to  him  by  Sadleir  retiring 
there  in  obedience  lo  King  Henry's  orders 
in  1543.  It  is  not  surprising,  therefore, 
that  when  Arthur  Clifford  was  preparing 
to  edit  these  papers,  which  he  published, 
in  two  volumes,  in  1809,  under  the  title  of 
'  The  State  Papers  and  Letters  of  Sir  Ralph 
Sadler,  Knight  Banneret,'  Scott  undertook 
to  write  the  not;s  and  a  life  of  Sadleir, 
the  latter  being  subsequently  reprinted 
in  the  collected  edition  cf  his  prose  works. 
It  was  while  he  was  writing  this  biography 
that  he  got  into  correspondence  with  Thomas 
Sadleir,  of  Sea  Park,  co.  Dublin  (the  male 
representative  and  great-grandson  of  Col. 
Thomas  Sadleir,  of  Sopwell  Hall,  co. 
Tipperary,  M.P.,  a  younger  son  of  Richard 
Sadleir,  of  Sopwell,  near  St.  Albans,  who 
was  grandson  of  Sir  Ralph  Sadleir),  to 
whom  the  following  letter  is  addressed  : — 

My  dear  Sir,  — —        *-— *- 

Accept  of  my  best  thanks  for  your  kind 
invitation,  which  I  will  not  fail  to  avail  myself  of, 
when  I  can  make  out  my  Irish  excursion.  A  great 
alteration  in  our  Courts  for  the  present  renders  my 
leaving  Scotland  out  of  the  question.  I  should 
hope  in  the  course  of  next  Spring  to  make  my  party 
good,  and  will  esteem  myself  very  happy  in  having 
an  opportunity  to  return  my  personal  thanks  for 
all  your  kindness.  I  am  very  happy  that  Marmion 
finds  friends  among  you.  As  Mr.  Theophilus  Swift 
has  it  in  view  himself  to  publish  a  life  of  his  illus- 
trious relative,  I  cannot  in  decency  expect  his 
assistance  in  compiling  that  which  I  must  neces- 
sarily prefix  to  the  proposed  edition  of  his  works. 
It  is,  however,  possible  that  he  may  feel  some 
interest  in  the  Works  themselves  being  well  edited, 
and  may  be  disposed  to  give  some  [the  paper  is 
here  torn]  of  encouragement  to  that  department  of 
my  labours,  although  not  to  my  biographical.  In 
this  case  I  can  only  say,  like  the  conclusion  of  a 
begging  Advertisement,  the  smallest  donation  will 
be  most  thankfully  accepted  and  acknowledged 
with  gratitude. 

You  excite  my  curiosity  very  strongly  concern- 
ing the  manuscripts  in  Trinity  College.  A  Lady 
connected  with  Ireland  (Miss  Lydia  White)  took 
the  trouble  to  write  to  the  Provost  on  my  behalf, 
and  through  her  I  learned  that  one  of  the  Librarians 
(the  Under  Librarian,  as  I  think)  had  made  some 
collections  towards  an  edition  of  Swift,  probably 
from  these  very  Manuscripts,  and  that  he  was 
willing  to  dispose  of  them.  My  Booksellers,  Con- 
stable &  Co.  of  Edinburgh,  have  written  to  say 
that  they  are  disposed  to  treat  with  him  on  liberal 
terms,  but  if  his  merit  be  merely  that  of  tran- 
scribing from  a  public  repository,  his  demands 
ought  not  to  be  exorbitant.  The  Provost  has 
shown  himself  most  kind  and  obliging  in  the  course 
of  the  enquiry,  but  as  Miss  White  is  now  in  the 
Highlands  I  am  quite  uncertain  of  the  result.  I 
am  very  proud  that  Marmion  finds  friends  on  your 
side  of  the  Channel  and  experiences  the  hospitality 
for  which  your  Isle  is  so  famous.  When  I  have 
the  pleasuro  of  following  him  I  shall  be  very 
anxious  to  pick  up  any  fragments  that  remain  of 
traditional  biatory,  legends  and  superstitions,  but 
I  understand  these  have  been  effaced  from  memory 
by  recent  melancholy  events. 

I  am  going  on  slowly  with  Sir  Ralph  at  present, 
as  I  am  in  the  country,  where  I  have  no  access  to 
the  ponderous  volumes  necessary  to  be  consulted.  I 
hope,  however,  to  have  him  launched  about  Janu- 
ary, when  I  will  take  care  that  a  copy  shall  reach 
the  hand  of  the  worthy  Knight's  obliging  descend- 
ant.    A    very    old    gentleman    now    residing    at 


Southampton  claims  descent  from  Sir  Edwin 
Sadler — this  perhaps  is  a  cousin  more  than  you 
knew  of. 

Believe  me,  Dear  Sir, 

Your  obliged  humble  Servant 

Walter  Scott. 
Ashestiel  by  Selkirk, 

14th  August. 
No  year  is  given,  but  the  postmark  is 
"Aug.  15,  1808."  As  Sir  Walter  was  a 
Writer  to  the  Signet,  the  "  great  alteration 
in  our  Courts  "  was  of  the  utmost  concern 
to  him.  Theophilus  Swift,  who  supplied 
him  with  some  items  for  his  edition  of  the 
Dean's  works,  was  an  extraordinary  charac- 
ter, chiefly  famous  for  his  numerous  lawsuits 
and  intense  loyalty.  Sir  Jonah  Barrington, 
who  records  many  anecdotes  of  him  in  his 
'  Personal  Sketches,'  relates  that  when  he 
heard  that  Col.  Lennox  (afterwards  Duke 
of  Richmond)  had  fought  a  duel  with  the 
Duke  of  York,  he  insisted  on  challenging 
and  actually  fighting  the  Colonel,  "  for  hav- 
ing had  the  arrogance  to  fire  at  the  King's 
son  "  !  According  to  the  late  Rev.  William 
Reynell,  the  eminent  Irish  antiquary,  Miss 
Lydia  White  was  a  "  bluestocking "  who 
in  the  early  part  of  the  last  century  used 
to  frequently  stay  in  co.  Cavan  with  the 
Saundersons  of  Castle  Saunderson,  to  whom 
she  was  related.  No  doubt  "  recent  melan- 
choly events  "  alludes  to  the  Irish  Rebellion 
of  1798.  Richard  Vernon  Sadleir,  whose 
verses  on  Sir  Ralph's  monument  Scott 
thought  worthy  to  be  published  at  the  end 
of  the  '  State  Papers,'  was  the  "  very  old 
gentleman  now  residing  at  Southampton  "  ; 
he  was  not  descended  from  Sir  Edwin 
Sadleir,  who  had  been  created  a  baronet 
in  1661,  though  he  eventually  succeeded  to 
the  estates  of  Sir  Edwin  Sadleir,  2nd  Bart., 
who  died  without  issue  in  1719.  It  was 
the  latter' s  wife,  Lady  Sadleir,  who  founded 
the  Sadleiri  n  Lectures  in  Mathematics 
at  Cambridge  University.  Of  Counsellor 
Thomas  Sadleir,  to  whom  the  letter  is 
addressed,  we  know  little,  and  it  does  not 
appear  that  Scott  ever  paid  him  the  promised 
visit.  The  only  son,  by  his  second  wife, 
of  Charles  Sadleir,  of  Castletown,  co.  Tip- 
perary, sometime  cornet  13th  Light  Dra- 
goons, who  was  taken  prisoner  at  Preston 
Pans,  he  was  born  in  1753,  educated  at 
Glasgow  University  and  the  Middle  Temple, 
and  called  to  the  Irish  Bar  in  1778.  Ho 
resided  for  some  years  at  Lissenhall,  co. 
Tipperary,  then  in  Dublin,  and  eventually 
at  Sea  Park,  near  Malahide,  where  he 
died  in  1815.  He  married  in  1773  Rebecca 
Woodward,  of  Cloughprior,  co.  Tipperary  ; 
and  secondly,  in  1793,  Florence  Atkinson, 
of  Cangort,  King's  County.  The  only 
one  of  his  family  who  rose  to  distinction 
was  Franc  Sadleir,  his  second  son,  who  ob- 
tained a  Fellowship  in  Trinity  College, 
Dublin,  in  1805,  and  having  occupied  the 
Chairs  of  Hebrew,  Mathematics,  and  Greek, 
was  appointed  in  183  7  Provost  of  the 
University — an  office  which  he  retained 
until  his  death  in  1851. 

Thos.  Ulick  Sadleir. 


•THE  SPANISH  JADE.' 
Messrs.  Cassell  &  Co.  announce  among 
their  forthcoming  books  a  story  by  me, 
called  '  Tho  Spanish  Jade,'  at  the  price  of 
six  shillings.  I  hope  you  will  allow  me  to 
explain  that  the  story  is  a  short  one  (of 
thirty-five  thousand  words),  and  that  the 
price,  which  is  that  of  an  ordinary  novel, 
has  boon  fixed  by  tho  publishers  against 
my  wishes,  and  in  spite  <>f  my  protests. 

Having    parted     with     the    copyright    to 
Messrs.  Cassoll  &  Co.,  I  have  no  authority 
in  the  matter,  and  can  only  take  this  moans 
of  making  my  position  cloar  to  the  public. 
Maurice  Hewlett. 


DANTE  AND  EGYPT. 

A   STATUE    IN   A   MOSLEM   COUNTRY. 

Alexandria,  February  14, 190S. 

An  interesting  episode  with  regard:  to  a 
statue  of  Dante  has  just  terminated  in 
Alexandria.  Ever  since  the  time  of  Hy- 
patia,  not  to  travel  further  back,  the  Medi- 
terranean city  of  Egypt  has  been  the 
scene  of  conflicting  cults  and  manifold  here- 
sies. In  the  Middle  Ages  the  combat  that 
has  recently  taken  place  between  poetic 
imagery  and  religious  principles  would  in 
all  probability  have  aroused  passions  to 
the  point  of  a  civil  war.  A  few  weeks  ago  the 
Alexandria  Municipal  Council  agreed  to 
accept  the  gift  of  a  statue  of  Dante,  offered 
by  the  Italian  Dante  Society  in  Egypt. 
The  erection  of  a  statue  of  the  poet  would 
honour  any  city  in  Europe,  and  so  Euro- 
peanized  is  Alexandria  that  the  canons 
of  the  West  were  taken  for  granted.  Mis- 
takenly, however,  for,  as  if  by  magic,  the 
spirit  of  the  Mohammedans,  who  constitute, 
after  all,  the  bulk  of  Egypt's  population, 
was  aroused,  ireful  and  exasperated.  In  the 
body  of  the  Council  itself  Yehia  Bey, 
a  native  member,  protested  vehemently 
against  the  sacrilege  according  to  Moslem 
beliefs  in  the  proposal.  To  begin  with, 
the  very  raising  of  statues,  of  "  graven 
images,"  is,  in  the  eyes  of  the  severer 
Mohammedans,  an  abomination  to  the 
Unseen ;  in  them  still  lives  the  soul  of 
Exodus.  Incidentally,  of  course,  it  may 
be  remarked  that  the  law  is  relaxed  among 
the  Moslem  community  at  large,  for  both 
in  Alexandria  and  Cairo  are  to  be  seen 
statues  of  Mohammed  Aly  the  Great  and 
of  the  first  Ibrahim,  Khedive.  But  that 
was  not  the  offence  in  the  present  case. 
The  offence  consisted  in  attempting  to  set 
up  the  form  of  the  poet  in  the  land  of  tho 
Prophet  he  outraged.  The  ranti  on  the 
damnation  of  the  prophet  in  the  '  Inferno  ' 
are  too  well  known  to  be  repeated  in  any 
Christian  country.  These  are  the  grounds 
of  the  indignation  with  which  the  scheme 
was  received.  Mohammed  Bey  El  Mouelli 
— a  cultivated  man  of  letters,  as  his  name 
denotes — penned  in  Al  Moayad  an 

"  appeal  to  all  Mohammedans,  and  in  especial  those 
among  them  who  trace  their  descent  from  the 
Prophet  and  his  kin,  to  denounce  the  proposal  of 
the  Italians  of  Alexandria,  and  to  demand  that  the 
papers  in  the  municipal  archives  regarding  the 
subject  should  be  formally  burnt." 

This  appeal,  and  others  of  no  loss  note, 
brought  protests  from  one  end  of  the 
country  to  the  other. 

It  need  hardly  be  said  that  neither  the 
Council  nor  the  Dante  Society  thought  fit 
to  withstand  such  united  opposition,  which 
moreover  (a  noteworthy  sign  of  tho  times 
in  view  of  tho  cry  of  "  fanaticism  "  so  roadily 
raisod  by  the  European  communities  eigh- 
teen months  ago  at  every  word  and  act  of 
Mohammedan  leaders)  has  met  with  tho 
unanimous  support  of  tho  local  European 
press.  It  would,  indeed,  bo  absurd  to 
criticize  the  susceptibilities  of  the  Egpytians 
until  wo  should  seo  what  might  be  said 
or  done  were  it  proposed  to  erect  a 
statue  of  Saladin  in  Trafalgar  Square. 
Tho  members  of  the  Dante  Society,  in 
consequence,  attended  tho  last  meeting 
of  tho  Alexandria  Council,  and  dutiful  1\ 
withdrew  their  proposal,  in  which  with- 
drawal   the    Council    no    loss    dutifully    ac- 

quiesoed.     And  now  "the  800,000,000  Mo 
hammedans  who  cover  the  globe."   to  use 
Yehia    Hoy's    magniloquent     phrase,    can 
breathe  in  peace. 

W.  A.  T.  Allen. 


258 


Til  i:     AT  II  KNTKUM 


No.  4192,  Feb.  29,  1908 


•POLK  LORE  OF  THE    iiol.Y    LAND.' 
In    the   course   of    the    vex}    favourable 

ootioe  in  lust  week's  Athenaeum  <>t  tlu<  above 
work,  which  I  edited  for  Mr.  J.  E.  Eanauer, 
your  reviewer  takes  exception  <<>  t ho  spelling 
of  som(>  Arabic  words,  the  blame  for  which, 
us  for  tli<>  awkward  arrangement  of  the 
notes,  is  mine  entirely.    One  instanco  quoted, 

\l.,l  el-Oh&far,"  is  a  misprint  for  Abd-el- 
OhAfir;  and  the  objection  to  the  others 
seems  to  me  to  arise  from  a  misapprehension, 
the  critic  judging  our  vernacular  Arabic 
by  too  classical  a  standard.  He  remarks 
on  Mr.  Hanauor's  objection  to  the  tenwin, 
which,  with  other  case  inflections,  is  not 
employed  in  conversational  Arabic.  From 
the  context  I  conjecture  that  tenwin  is  a 
slip  of  the  pen,  tcxhdid,  or  some  equivalent, 
being  intended.  But  even  thus  I  submit 
that  "  merowah "  looks  less  forbidding 
than  "  muruwwah,"  "  fasharin  "  than  "  fesh- 
shnrin,"  and  offers  less  of  an  obstacle  to  the 
general  reader. 

Your  reviewer  asks  by  the  way :  "  Why 
does  Mr.  Hanauer  spell  the  name  [Karakush] 
*  Karakash  '  ?  "  It  is  commonly  so  pro- 
nounced in  Syria.  And  I  should  like  much 
to  know  the  critic's  grounds  for  identifying 
(as  he  does  apparently)  the  personage  thus 
designated  with  little  Karakoz,  the  Turkish 
"  Blackeye."  As  far  as  I  have  been  able 
to  guess  or  discover,  the  confusion  of  the 
two  in  the  popular  mind  is  of  comparatively 
recent  date,  and  confined  to  Egypt,  where 
Turkish  influences  over  Arabic  are  much 
more  evident  than  is  the  case  in  Syria. 
Even  in  Egypt  the  names  are  pronounced 
with  a  difference  by  the  educated — 'ara'ush, 
Karakoz.  I  should  be  grateful  for  informa- 
tion on  this  subject  and  reference  to  any 
book  which  treats  of  it. 

Marmaduke  Pickthall. 

***  The  omission  of  the  double  letters — 
tenwin  was,  of  course,  as  Mr.  Pickthall  sup- 
poses, a  slip  of  the  pen  for  teshdid — is 
regrettable  because  it  is  sure  to  lead  to 
putting  the  accent  on  the  wrong  syllable. 
Being  away  from  my  books  at  present,  I 
cannot  give  a  reference  for  the  usually 
accepted  identity  of  Karaguez  and  Kara- 
kush.  The  Reviewer. 


THE  'GUIDE'  TO  THE  PUBLIC 
RECORDS. 

The  publication  of  a  third  edition  of  this 
valuable  work,  extensively  revised,  to 
accord  with  the  great  improvements  in  the 
arrangement  of  the  records  effected  under 
the  rule  of  the  present  Deputy  Keeper, 
is  an  event  of  importance  to  professional 
workers  and  historical  students  alike.  It  is 
printed  for  His  Majesty's  Stationery  Office, 
and  can  be  procured  from  Messrs.  Wyman 
&  Sons  of  Fetter  Lane. 

It  may  be  safely  asserted  that  this  official 
inventory  of  our  national  records  takes  the 
first  place  amongst  the  numerous  works  on 
the  subject  that  have  appeared  since 
Agarde's  famous  '  Repertorie  of  Records  ' 
was  compiled  in  the  reigns  of  Elizabeth  and 
James  I.  The  remarkable  lucidity  of  Mr. 
Scargill-Bird's  description  of  the  miscel- 
laneous contents  of  the  great  repository  in 
Fetter  Lane  is  as  noticeable  as  the  concise 
and  convenient  form  of  this  exhaustive 
analysis  of  the  national  archives.  To  the 
official  classification  of  the  Legal  Records, 
State  Papers,  and  Departmental  Records 
which  forms  the  basis  of  his  '  Guide,'  the 
learned  author  has  skilfully  appended  a  series 
of  subject-headings  which  have  already 
proved  of  immense  assistance  to  record- 
workers.      A  further  extension  of  this  system 


of  classification  is  seen  in  the  revi  sd  edition 
of  the  '  Guide,'  which  also  contains  much 
in  w  and  valuable  information  on  the 
subject  of  the  State  Papers,  tin*  Depart- 
mental Records,  and  the  miscellaneous 
documents  deposited  in  various  circum- 
stances. At  the  same  time  these  useful 
subject-headings  now  appoar  as  subsidiary 
to  the  proprietary  classification.  Thus  we 
no  longer  find  such  goncral  headings  as 
'  Monastic  Foundations  '  or  '  Judicial  Pro- 
ceedings '  ;  but  the  records  of  each  court 
are  arrangod  in  alphabetical  order,  and  are 
no  longer  brought  together  to  represont 
the  sources  available  for  particular  subjects 
of  inquiry.  Possibly  the  change  of  form  in 
this  respect  will  bo  a  matter  of  regret  to 
purely  historical  readers,  but  a  brief  ex- 
perience will  probably  convince  the  latter 
that  the  now  system  provides  an  oven 
wider  range  of  subject-headings  than  its 
predecessors,  although  these  no  longer 
appear  as  head-lines  or  cross-references. 
Nevertheless  the  former  editions  of  this 
invaluable  work  will  continue  for  a  long 
time  to  come  to  possess  something  more 
than  a  curious  interest  to  students  of  the 
records. 

We  may  notice  in  conclusion  that  two 
appendixes  have  been  added  to  the  new 
edition,  setting  out  the  texts  of  the  Public 
Record  Office  Acts  (1838-08),  and  giving  a 
carefully  classified  list  of  publications  issued 
in  the  Rolls  Series.  The  Index  is  again 
a  feature  of  the  work,  and  it  is  scarcely 
needful  to  recommend  its  careful  perusal. 
The  same  remark,  however,  might  well  be 
applied  to  the  text.  A  future  generation 
may  evolve  a  more  ponderous  volume,  or 
the  author  may  improve  upon  his  plan  in  a 
new  edition  ;  but,  as  it  now  stands,  his  work 
is  probably  unique  in  the  learned  literature 
of  this  or  any  other  country. 


TREGENTIL  CHAUCER' 
"A.    GODWHEN." 


AND 


In  his  collection  of  '  Early  English 
Lyrics,'  a  charming  volume  published  in 
the  later  months  of  1907,  Mr.  E.  K.  Chambers 
mentions  two  interesting  people,  "  A.  God- 
when  "  and  "  Tregentil  Chaucer."  They 
deserve  further  acquaintance. 

On  p.  33,  at  the  end  of  a  charming  lover's 
lament,  we  find  the  signature  "  A.  God- 
when,"  and  Mr.  Chambers  in  his  note  tells 
us  that  this  name  is  signed  at  the  end  of 
the  poem  in  a  Cambridge  codex.  I  have 
lately  inspected  this  MS.  (Univ.  Lib.  Ff.  i.  6), 
and  observe  that  in  every  case  where  "  A. 
Godwhen "  appears  there  is  full  space 
between  "  God  "  and  "  whon."  The  phrase 
often  occurs  written  in  a  scroll  like  a  motto 
on  the  margin.  Aside  from  the  fact  that 
a  name  with  an  initial  standing  for  the 
first  name  is  very  rare  in  fifteenth-century 
MSS.,  it  is  obvious  that  we  have  here  a 
motto,  "  A  God,  when  ?  "  or  in  modern 
English,  "  O  Lord,  how  long  ?  "  The  motto 
occurs  only  with  lovers'  laments  in  this 
MS.,  and  is  plainly  a  sort  of  scribal  comment. 
Mr.  Chambers  is  not  to  blame  for  this  error. 
Thomas  Wright  began  it  in  his  print  of  the 
"  A  God  when  ? "  poems  in  '  Reliquiae 
Antiquae,'  and  the  Cambridge  University 
Catalogue  is  still  uncorrected  in  following 
him. 

On  p.  22,  at  the  end  of  Chaucer's  Ballade 
to  Rosemounde,  occurs  the  phrase  "  Tre- 
gentil— Chaucer "  (I  give  it  as  it  occurs 
in  the  MS.).  Scholars  have  long  been 
puzzled  as  to  the  meaning  of  the  first  word. 
Is  it,  as  Prof.  Skeat  has  thought,  a  poetical 
byname  for  Chaucor,  or,  as  Mr.  Madan 
has  thought,  the  name  of  the  scribe  ?^Mr. 


Chambers  gives  both  conjectures,  and  leaves 
us  to  answer. 

A    pretty   parallel    t«.   the   expression    is 

in  MS.  lint.  .Mil-.  Sloane  1212,  at  the  <  r,d 
of  the  volume,  on  an  extra  leaf.  This  frag- 
ment, sever  before  printed,  i-  the  conclusion 
of  ome  poetical  epistle,  written  apparently 
to  recommend  some  gallant  young  sqn. 
to  the  service  of  a  friendly  lord.  All  we 
have  are  these  line   :  — 

<ili  in y  chamhyr  lie  is  and  horn  in  pallatye, 
7-natnyd  tmgentyl  Kger  de  Femenyr. 

Anil  syth  be  lusty  is,  ami  in  arinis  dt-irou-. 
Like  a  lord  vnlo  youi  worthjnc  se, 

Whos  fame  retornyth  rntn  Pbebni  bona 
That  in  artnis  thei  may  tlii-  BJgBt  them  dfl 
I  can  no  more,  but  to  your  fanour  of  geiitilnesse 

I  me  commytte,  for  in  your  obeyaaODce 

I  shall  euer'e  be  withoiite  disseueraunce. 

What  does  "  tresgentyl "  mean  here  ? 
Probably  as  much  as  "  Hochwohlgeboren  " 
means  in  modern  German  society  ;  an 
appellative  recogni7ant  of  some  social  posi- 
tion, little  more.  It  is  not  too  much  to 
believe  it  means  the  same  as  applied  to 
Chaucer.       Henry  Noble  MacCracken. 


LIST  OF  NEW  BOOKS. 

ENGLISH. 

Theology. 

Bougaud  (Monseigneur),  History  of  St  Vincent  de  Paul, 
Founder  of  the  Congregation  of  the  Mission  (Vincen- 
tians)  and  of  the  Sisters  of  Chnrity,  4/6  net. 

Boyer  (P.  J.),  Critical  and  Historical  Notes  on  the  Pas- 

selected  for  the  Sunday  and  Holy  Day  Lessons  from 
the  Pentateuch  and  the  Book  of  Joshua,  4/ net.  With 
two  maps. 

Brett  (Rev.  J.),  Incarnate  Love  :  Meditations  on  the  Love 
of  Jesus,  2/  net. 

Carrick  (J.  C),  Wvcliffe  and  the  Lollards,  3/.  In  the 
World's  Epoch-Makers. 

Crapsey  (A.  8.1,  The  Re-birth  of  Religion,  6/  net.  An 
account  of  the  passing  of  the  old  and  coming  of  the 
new  Dogmatic. 

Deane  (Rev.  A.),  The  Society  of  Christ:  its  Nature  and 
its  Claims,  6rf. 

Dudden  (Rev.  F.  Homes),  In  Christ's  Name,  2/  net.  Four 
addresses  delivered  to  candidates  for  ordination  in  the 
Chapel  of  Fulham  Palace,  Advent,  1907,  with  Preface 
by  the  Bishop  of  London. 

Hall  (Rev.  E.  Vine),  Clerical  Reading,  Preaching,  and 
Choir  Training,  6rf. 

Handbooks  of  English  Church  Expansion  :  China,  by  Rev. 
F.  L.  Norris  j  Japan,  by  Mrs.  E.  Bickersteth  ;  Western 
Canada,  by  Rev.  L.  N.  Tucker.  1'  net  each. 

Hoffman  (F.  S.),  The  Sphere  of  Relierion,  6/ net 

Kelly  date  W.V,  An  Exposition  of  the  Gospel  of  John 

Edited,  with  additions,  by  E.  E.  Whitfield.  New 
Edition. 

Lucas  (ID,  We  Preach  Christ  Crucified,  3/8  net. 

MacDermott  (G.  M.),  The  Gospel  according  to  St.  Mark. 
6'/.     In  Plain  Commentaries  Series. 

Official  Year-Book  of  the  Church  of  England.  1908.  3/ 

Old  Testament  and  Semitic  Studies  :  in  Memory  of  William 
Rainey  Harper.  2  vols.  Edited  by  R.  F.  Harper, 
Francis  Brown,  and  O.  F.  Moore. 

Pan-Anglican  Papers:  Capital  and  Labour  :  Christianity 
and  Socialism;  The  Anglican  Communion —In  Itself: 
In  relation  to  its  Parts  ;  The  Church  and  its  Ministry— 
The  Call  to  Holy  Orders.  Ministry  and  Finance.  Methods 
of  Appointment,  of  Distribution,  of  Service,  The 
Ministry  of  Women  :  Church  Work  among  Imported 
Races  in  Christendom  :  Methods  of  carrying  on 
Missionary  Work  ;  Marriage  ;  Morality  in  Commercial 
and  Social  Life,  M.  each. 

Turton  (Lient-Gol.  W.  H.),  The  Resurrection  of  Christ. 

Vernon  (A.  W.\  The  Religious  Value  of  the  Old  Testament, 
2/ net.     With  Introduction  by  Arthur  S.  Peake. 

Wordsworth  (Rishon),  The  Law   of  the  Church  as  to  the 
Marriage  of  a  Man  with  his  Deceased  Wife's  Sister,  6<f. 
La  ir. 

Handbook  of  Treaties,  etc.,  relating  to  Commerce  and 
Navigation  between  Great  Britain  and  Foreign  Powers, 
wholly  or  partially  in  force  on  July  1,  1907,  10/.  Edited 
by  Gaston  de  Bernhardt. 

Wigram  (late  W.  Knox),  The  Justice's  Note-Book,  contain- 
ing a   Short   Account  of  the  Jurisdiction  and  Duties  of 
Justices,  and  an  Epitome  of  Criminal  Law,  7/8.    Eighth 
Edition,  edited  by  Leonard  W.  Kershaw. 
Fine  Art  and  Archeology. 

Mallam  (May),  Work  with  the  Brush,  '-'  net. 

Phythian  (.I.E.),  Fifty  A' ears  of  Modern  Painting  :  Corot  to 
Sargent,  10/6  net"  With  S  coloured  illustrations  and  33 
in  half-tone. 

Shaw  (Bernard),  The  Sanity  of  Art  :  an  Exposure  of  the 
Current  Nonsense  about  Artists  being  Degenerate, 
1/net 

Poftry  and  Drama. 

Ballads  and  Poems,  by  Members  of  the  Glasgow  Ballad 
Club.  Third  Series.  7/6 

Browning  (A.  T),  At  the  Eleventh  Hour,  6/ 

Gibson  (W.  W.i,  The  Web  of  Life,  10/6  net.  Several  of  the 
poems  are  reprinted  from  magazines. 

Orred  (M.),  In  a  Wild  Garden  by  the  Sea,  and  other  Poems. 

O'Sullivan  (S.\  Verses,  Sacred  and  Profane,  1/net     No.  V 

-of  the  Tower  Press  Booklets. 


No.  4192,  Feb.  29,  1908 


THE    ATHENAEUM 


259 


Perry  (B.),  John  Greenleaf  WMttier,  3/6  net.    A  sketch  of 

his  life,  with  selected  poems. 
Bice  (C.  Y.),  A  Night  in  Avignon,  2/6  net. 
Richardson  (E.),  Artist  Songs,  3/6  net. 
Vaughan  (C.  E.),  Types  of  Tragic  Drama,  5/  net. 

Music. 
Hughes-Hughes  (A.),  Catalogue  of  Manuscript  Music  in  the 

British  Museum.    Vol.  II.  Secular  Vocal  Music,  35/ 
Lee  (E.  Markham),  Grieg,  1/  net.      In  Bell's  Miniature 

Series  of  Musicians. 

Bibliography. 
Readers'  Review,   No.  1,   February.    A  monthly  guide  to 
books  and  reading. 

Philosophy. 
Baldwin  (J.   M.),   Thought  and  Tilings  :  a  Study  of  the 

Development   and    Meaning   of   Thought   or  Genetic 

Logic,  Vol.  II.,  10/6  net.    Treats  of  Experimental  Logic, 

or  the  Genetic  Theory  of  Thought. 
Channon  (O.),  That  which  We  Seek,  1/6.     Short  papers  on 

belief,  heredity,  and  environment,  sin,  will,  &c. 
Kidd  (B.),  Principles  of  Western  Civilization,  5/  net.    New 

Edition.     For  former  notice  see  Athen.,  March  29,  1902, 

p.  391. 

Political  Economy. 

Barker  (J.  Ellis),  British  Socialism,  10/6  net.  An  examina- 
nation  of  its  doctrines,  policy,  aims,  and  practical 
proposals. 

Fabian  Socialist  Series  :  Socialism  and  Agriculture,  by  E. 
Carpenter  and  others  ;  Socialism  and  Individualism, 
by  Sidney  Webb  and  others  ;  Socialism  and  Religion, 
by  Rev.  Stewart  Headlam  and  others  ;  The  Basis  and 
Policy  of  Socialism,  by  Sidney  Webb  and  the  Fabian 
Society,  6d.  net  each. 

Kelly  (E.),  The  Elimination  of  the  Tramp,  3/6  net. 

Minton  (Rev.  F.),  The  Evil  of  the  Millionaire,  3/6  net. 

Wood  (H.  A.  W.),  Money  Hunger,  4/  net. 

History  and  Biography. 

Alexander  (General  E.  P.),  The  American  Civil  War,  21/  net. 

Contains  sketch  mapsbv  the  author. 
Carrick  (Rev.  J.  C),  The  Abbey  of  S.  Alary,  Newbottle.     A 

memorial  of  the  royal  visit,  1907.     Second  Edition. 
Crawford  (J.   P.   Wickersham),  The    Life   and    Works    of 

Christobal  Suarez  de  Figueroa.     In  Publications  of  the 

University  of  Pennsylvania. 
Gibbs  (P.),  The  Romance  of  George  Villiers,  First  Duke  of 

Buckingham,  15/  net. 
Haig  (T.  W.)  Historic  Landmarks  of  the  Deccan,  3/6  net. 
Jeffery  (R.   W.),  The  History  of  the  Thirteen  Colonies  of 

North  America,  1497-1763,  7/6  net.    With  8  illustrations 

and  a  map. 
Lea  (H.  C),  The  Inquisition  in  the  Spanish  Dependencies, 

10/6  net.     Deals  with  Sicily,  Naples,  Sardinia,  Milan, 

the  Canaries,  Mexico,  Peru,  and  New  Granada. 
Letters  of  the  Wordsworth  Family,  from  1787  to  1855, 3  vols., 

31/6  net.     Collected  and  edited  by  W.  Knight. 
Lucy  (H.  W.),  Memories  of  Eight   Parliaments,  8/6  net. 

Part  I.  Men  ;  Part  II.  Manners. 
Maguire  (T.  M.),  The  Campaign  in  Bohemia,  1866,  2/6  net. 
Memorials  of  Old  Norfolk,  15/  net.    Edited  by  II.  J.  Dukin- 

field  Astlev,  with  many  illustrations. 
Victoria  Histories  :  Dorset,  Vol.  II.  ;  Kent,  Vol.  I.,  31/6 

each. 

Geography  and  Travel. 

Daniels  (H.  G.),  Hove,  with  its  Surroundings,  6rf.  One  of 
the  Homeland  Handbooks,  illustrated  by  J.  A.  C.  Bran- 
fill  and  others. 

Lyde(L.  W.)and  Mockler-Ferryman  (Lieut.-Col.  A.  F.),  A 
Military  Geography  of  the  Balkan  Peninsula,  5/.  With 
Maps. 

Moryson  (Fynes),  An  Itinerary  containing  his  Ten  Yeeres 
Travell  "through  the  Twelve  Dominions  of  Germany, 
Bohmerland,  Sweitzerland,  Netherland,  Denmarke, 
Poland,  Italy,  Turky,  France,  England,  Scotland,  and 
Ireland,  Vols.  III.  and  IV.,  12/6  net  each.  These 
volumes  complete  the  work. 

Wood  < Annie  M.),  Seas  between  ;  or,  Called  to  the  East  and 
Claimed  by  the  West,  5/  net. 

Education. 

Huey  (E.  B.),  The  Psychology  and  Pedagogy  of  Reading,  6/ 
net. 

Pioneers  in  Education  :  Pestalozzi  and  Elementary  Educa- 
tion ;  Jean  Jacques  Rousseau  and  Education  from 
Nature,  both  by  Gabriel  Compayre',  translated  by  R.  P. 
Jago,  2/6  net  each. 

Philology. 

Mendelsohn  (C.  J.),  Studies  in  the  Word-Play  in  Plautus, 

One  of  the  Publications  in  Philology  and  Literature  of 

the  University  of  Pennsylvania. 
Mitchell  (Very  Rev.  .1.),  Significant  Etymology  ;  or,  Roots, 

Stems,  and  Branches  of  the  English  Language,  7/6  net. 
Vendrves  (.1.).  Grammaire  du  Vieil-Irlandais,  21/  net. 
West  Saxon  Psalms,  2/6  net.     Edited  by  J.  W.  Bright  and 

R.  L.  Ramsay. 

School- Books. 

Hughes  (W.),  An  Elementary  Class-nook  of  Modem  Geo- 
graphy. 1/6.  Contains  examination  questions,  ami  a 
scries  of  maps  and  diagrams.    New  Edition. 

Kelly  (C  B.)and  Henley- White  (L.  I..),  How  to  Make  our 
cirls  Graceful,  1/  net. 

Mclntyrc  (M.  A  ),  The  Cave  Boy  of  the  Age  of  Stone, 
1/6  net. 

S«  eel  tH),  The  Sounds  of  English,  2/6.  An  introduction  to 
phonetics. 

Science. 
Baumann  (F.),  Gonorrhea,  6/ net. 
Bedford (Dake of) and Pickerins(S.  I'.),  Eighth  Report  oi 

the  Wolmrn  Experimental  Fruit  Farm,  2/6 
Cain  (J.   C),   The    Chemistry    of    the    Diazo-Componnds, 
10/6  net 

Doolittle  (K.),  Catalogue  ami  Remeamremeni  of  the  048 
Double  stars  discovered  by  Prof.  G.  w.  Hough. 
Part  III.  of  Vol.  III.  Astronomical  Series  in  Publica- 
tions of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania, 


Hobbs  (W.  H.),  Earthquakes,  8/  net.    An  introduction  to 

seismic  geology. 
Kearton  (R.),     British   Birds'  Nests :    How,   Where,   and 

When  to  Find  and  Identify  Them,  1/  net.     Illustrated 

from  photographs   by   Cherry  and  Richard    Kearton. 

New  Edition.    For  former  notice,  see  Athen.,  May  9, 

1896,  p.  622. 
Loeffler  (F.)  and  others,  The  Bacteriology   of  Diphtheria, 

25/  net.     Includes  sections  on  the  history,  epidemiology, 

and  pathology  of  the  disease,  &c.     Edited  by  G.  H.  F. 

Nuttall  andG.  S.  Graham-Smith. 
Lucretius  on   the  Nature  of   Things,   51.      Translated  by 

H.  A.  J.  Munro,  with  Introduction  by  J.  D.  Duff. 
Maisonneuve  (P.)  and  others,  The  Experimental  Prophy- 
laxis of   Syphilis,    4/  net.    Translated   and  with    an 

introduction  by  Fernand  L  de  Verteuil. 
Maunder  (E.  W.),  The  Astronomy  of  the  Bible,  5/  net.    An 

elementary  commentary  on  the  astronomical  references 

of  Holy  Scripture. 
M'Laren   (R.  S.),  Mechanical  Engineering  for  Beginners, 

5/  net. 
Moore  (N.),  The  History  of  the  Study  of  Medicine  in  the 

British  Isles,  10/6  net.    The  Fitz-Patrick  Lectures  for 

1905-6. 
Norwell  (A.),  Drawing  Book  for  Marine  Engineers,  2/6  net. 
One  and  All  Gardening,  1908,  2d.    Edited  by  Edward  O. 

Greening. 
Practical  Physics,  by   W.  S.   Franklin  and  others,  2  vols. , 

5/  net  each. 
Schofield  (A.  T.),  Functional  Nerve  Diseases,  7/6  net.     With 

3  diagrams. 
Serviss  (Garrett  P.),  The  Moon,  6/  net.     A  popular  treatise. 
Waddell  (J.),  The  Arithmetic  of  Chemistry,  4/  net. 

Juvenile  Books. 

Brookfield  (Mrs.  A.),  ^Esop's  Fables  for  Little  People,  1/. 
Illustrated  by  Henry  J.  Ford.    Second  Edition. 

Fiction. 

Agnew  (G.),  The  Night  that  brings  out  Stars,  6/ 

Bindloss  (H.),  By  Right  of  Purchase,  6/ 

Boyd  (M.  S.),  Her  Besetting  Virtue,  6/.    With  frontispiece 

by  A.  S.  Boyd. 
Brown  (H.  D.),  Mr.  Tuckerman's  Nieces,  6/.    Illustrated. 
Buckrose  (J.  E.),  The  Wolf,  6/ 
Cleeve  (Lucas),  An  Old  Man's  Darling,  6/ 
Cole  (S.),  Rachel  Chalfont,  6/ 
Diehl  (A.  M.),  An  Actor's  Love  Story,  6/ 
Dixon  (E.  M.),  The  Soldiers  of  the  Queen,  and  other  Stories, 

3/6 
Forrester  (H.),  Rupert  Brett,  6/.     The  story  of  a  modern 

experiment. 
Gerard  (M.),  John  Montcalm,  6/ 
Glasgow  (Ellen),  The  Ancient  Law,  6/ 
Grace  (S.),  Dennis  Martin,  Traitor,  3/6  net. 
Joseph  Redhorn,  by  J.  J.  B.,  5/ 
Kipling  (R.),  From  Sea  to  Sea,  and  other  Sketches.    Vol.  I. 

5/  net.    Pocket  Edition. 
Le  Queux  (William),  The  Looker-On,  6/ 
Moore  (Mary),  Mirth  in  Heaven,  6/ 
Richardson  (F.),  The  Worst  Man  in  the  World,  6/ 
Rives  (H.    E.),   The  Castaway,  6/.     Concerns  three  great 

men  ruined  in  one  year— a  king,  a  cad,  and  a  castaway. 
Robins  (E.),  Come  and  Find  Me,  6/ 
Thorburn  (S.  S.),  India's  Saint  and  the  Viceroy,  6/ 
Waight  (J.  F.),  King  of  the  Barons,  6/ 
Warden  (F.),  The  Half-Smart  Set,  6/ 
Whitelock  (W.  W.),  When  Kings  go  forth  to  Battle,  6/ 
Wylie  (A.  C),  Tod  McAlpin,  6/ 

General  Literature. 

Armstrong  (Lucie  Heaton),  Etiquette  Up-to-Date,  2/6  net. 

Bacon  (Francis),  Essays,  1  dol.  25c.  Edited,  with  Intro- 
duction and  notes,  by  Mary  A.  Scott. 

Callwell  (Col.  C.  E.),  The  Tactics  of  Home  Defence,  3/6  net. 

Everyman's  Library  :  Balzac's  The  Chouans,  and  The  Quest 
of  the  Absolute  ;  Blackmore's  Lorna  Doone  ;  Dickens's 
Little  Dorrit,  and  Our  Mutual  Friend  ;  Goldsmith's 
Vicar  of  Wakefield  ;  Kingsley's  Water  Babies,  and 
Glaucus  ;  Lane's  Manners  and  Customs  of  the  Modern 
Egyptians  ;  Lewes's  Life  of  Goethe  ;  Melville's  O  moo  ; 
Parkman's  Conspiracy  of  Pontiac,  2  vols.  ;  Tacitus,  The 
Annals,  Germania,  and  Agricola,  translated  by  A. 
Murphy,  2  vols.  ;  Voltaire's  Charles  XII.,  translated  by 
W.  Todhunter ;  Wordsworth's  Longer  Poems,  1/  net 
each. 

Franklin  (B.),  Writings,  10  vols.,  60/  net.  Collected  and 
edited  by  A.  H.  Smyth. 

Malum  (Capt.  A.  T.),  Some  Neglected  Aspects  of  War,  6/ 
net.  Contains  also  '  The  Power  that  makes  for  Peace,' 
by  II.  S.  Pritchett,  and  'The  Capture  of  Private 
Property  at  Sea,'  by  Julian  S.  Corbett. 

Microcosmographia  Academica,  1/  net.  A  guide  for  the 
young  academic  politician. 

Newspaper  Press  Directory  and  Advertisers'  Guide,  1908,  2/. 
See  p.  256. 

Roberts  (C),  Time  Limit  and  Local  Option,  1/  net.  A 
restatement  of  a  Licensing  controversy. 

Smithsonian  Miscellaneous  Collections.  Part  III.  of 
Vol.  IV. 

Thorn's  Directory  of  the  Manufacturers  and  Shippers  of 
Ireland,  1908,  10/ 

Twain  (Mark),  Author's  Edition  de  Luxe  :  Vol.  XXIV.  The 
830,000  Bequest,  and  other  Stories  ;  Vol  XXV.  Christian 
Science. 

Pamphlets. 

Avebury  (Lord),  Address  delivered  at  St.  Andrew's  Uni- 
versity, January  1(1,  Ctl .  net. 

Birkett  (Si.),  The  Emigration  Snare,  Od.  net  Letters 
relating  to  emigrat ion  and  its  disappointments. 

Cooper (C.  I,.),  The  Story  of  the  Forty  Hays,  8d 

Interim  Report  submitted  by  the  Executive  Committee  to 
the  Trustees  of  the  Carnegie  Trust  onSBth  February, 

1908.     From  January  1st  to  September  80th,  1907. 
Museum  of  line  \rt^  Bulletin.  Boston,  U.S. A.,  No.  :ti. 
Some  Business  Aspects  of  Tarifl  Reform,  Od.    A  discussion 

at  the  Compatriots  Club. 


FOREIGN. 

Poetry  and  the  Drama. 

Florian-Parmentier,  Entre  la  Vie  et  le  R^ve,  3fr.  50.    Third 

Edition. 
Gazza  (P.),  Tempus  Loquendi,  21.  50. 
Nastri  (N.),   Un  Collaborateur  S.V.P.,  Ofr.  75.     A  one-act 

comedy  in  prose. 

History  and  Biography. 
Blennerhassett  (Charlotte,  Lady),  Maria  Stuart,  Konigin 

von  Schottland,  4m.  20.     Illustrated  by  reproductions 

of  old  portraits. 
Bonnefon    (J.    de),    Le    Baron    de    Richemont,    Fils   de 

Louis  XVI.,  3fr.  50. 
Furgeot(H),  Le  Marquis  de  Saint-Huruge,  1738-1801,  5fr. 
Giordano  (C),  Giovanni  Prati :  Studio  biografico,  81. 
Lair  (A.),  L'Institut  de  France  et  le  second  Empire,  3fr.  50. 
Langlois  (C.  V.),  La  Vie  en  France  au  Moyen  Age  d'apres 

quelques  Moralistes  du  Temps,  3fr.  50. 
Laukhards  (Magister  F.  Ch.),  Leben  und  Schicksale,  2  vols., 

11m.     In  the  Memoiren-Bibliothek. 
Lebey  (A.),  Louis-Napoleon  Bonaparte  et  la  Revolution  de 

1848,  Vol.  II.,  5fr. 
Ricordi  di  Folchetto  (Jacopo  Caponi),  41.  50. 
Waddington  (R.),  La  Guerre  de  Sept  Ans  :  Vol.  IV.  Torgau 

— Pacte  de  Famille. 

Philology. 
Paris  (Gaston),  Melanges  Linguistiques  :  Part  III.    Langue 

francaise  et  Notes  etymologiques,  6fr. 

Fiction. 
Batilliat  (M.),  La  Vendee  aux  Genets,  3fr.  50. 
Le~tang  (L.),  Fille  de  Reine,  3fr.  50. 

***  All  Books  received  at  the  Office  up  to  Wednesday 
Morning  ivill  be  included  in  this  List  unlesx  previously 
noted.  Publishers  are  requested  to  state  prices  when 
sending  Books. 


Miss  Camilla  Jebb  is  publishing  with 
Messrs.  Methuen  '  A  Star  of  the  Salons  : 
Julie  de  Lespinasse,'  which  deals  with 
her  strange  early  history,  and  her  ex- 
periences as  governess  in  a  country  house, 
boarder  in  a  convent,  companion  to 
Madame  du  Deffand,  and  finally  as  mis- 
tress of  a  salon.  This  is  the  first  time, 
we  believe,  that  a  serious  biography 
of  Mile,  de  Lespinasse  has  been  attempted 
in  England,  and  her  life  naturally  includes 
a  survey  of  various  manners,  movements, 
and  celebrities  of  the  day,  especially  the 
Encyclopaedists. 

'  The  Traitor's  Wife,'  a  novel  by 
Mr.  W.  H.  Williamson,  which  will  be 
published  soon  by  Mr.  Fisher  Unwin,  is 
a  story  of  Underground  Russia.  It  deals1 
with  the  life  of  revolutionaries  in  Russia 
and  in  England,  the  plots,  and  the  love- 
affairs  that  cross  those  plots. 

Messrs.  Chatto  &  Windtjs  have  three 
new  novels  at  press.  That  by  Miss  Netta- 
Syrett,  '  Anne  Page,'  is  by  a  tried  hand, 
but  the  other  two  are  regarded  by  the 
publishers  as  most  hopeful  works  by  new 
writers.  Mr.  Ralph  Straus  is  the  author 
of  '  The  Little  God's  Drum,'  an  ambitious 
novel  of  modern  manners  in  London. 
Mr.  H.  L.  Stuart  in  '  Weeping  Cross ' 
deals  with  a  problem  of  the  soul  not 
dissimilar  to  that  presented  in  'John 
Inglesant,'  though  different  in  setting, 
and  has  already  also  secured  an  American 
publisher  for  his  book. 

Messrs.  Swan  Son m:\sciiein  announce 
Vols.  11.  and  III.  of  Dr.  Theal's  *  History 
and  Ethnography  of  Africa  south  of  the 
Zambesi,  1506  1795,'  completing  the  work. 
'  The  Leipzig  Campaign/  by  Col.  F.  N. 
Maude;  'The  Wilderness  Campaign  in 
the  American  Civil  War,'  by  ('apt. 
Vaughan    Sawyer  ;     and   a    '  First   Welsh 


260 


THE     ATHENAEUM 


No.  4192,  Pbb.  29,  1908 


Leader  and  Writer.'  by  Prof.  B.  Anwyl 
and  the  Ke\ .  11.  M.  .Ion.  s. 

Mkssi:s.  a.  &  C.  Blags  are  publishing 

this  spring  the  life  <>f  La/aiiHo  de  Tonnes, 
transxatod  from  the  Spanish  by  Sir 
dements  Markham,  and  'Letters  from 
Queer  Street,'  a  study  of  the  "Legion  of 
the  Lost"  in  London  by  Mr.  J.  H.  M. 
Abbott. 

Berkshire  is  the  latest  county  to  be 
added  to  Mr.  Phillimore's  "  Parish  Register 
Series."  The  first  volume  is  now  in  the 
press.  It  will  begin  with  the  Marriage 
Register  of  the  town  of  Wantage. 

About  a  fortnight  hence  the  Manchester 
University  Press  will  publish  a  work  by 
Mr.  Gilbert  Norwood,  '  The  Secret  of  the 
Bacchae.'  He  applies  to  the  '  Bacchae ' 
the  methods  suggested  by  Dr.  Verrall, 
and  in  particular  points  out  that  the 
"  miracle  "  of  the  downfall  of  the  palace 
of  Pentheus  is  an  imposture.  Mr.  Nor- 
wood hopes  to  explain  certain  difficulties 
which  appear  not  to  have  been  previously 
noticed. 

Mr.  Henry  Frowde  and  Messrs. 
Chapman  &  Hall  are  publishing  imme- 
diately a  new  edition  of  Dickens's  works, 
in  twenty  volumes,  which  will  be  known 
as  "  The  Eighteenpenny  Illustrated  Edi- 
tion." The  title  is  derived  from  the  price 
of  the  volumes  in  cloth  ;  and  as  they 
contain  all  the  copyright  letterpress  and 
reproductions  of  the  original  pictures,  it 
will  be  the  cheapest  illustrated  edition 
issued. 

Messrs.  Bell  announce  a  new  edition 
of  Calverley's  translation  of  Theocritus, 
together  with  his  version  of  Virgil's 
Eclogues.  The  volume  will  have  an 
Introduction  by  Prof.  R.  J.  Tyrrell,  and 
will  be  included  in  "  The  York  Library." 

Oxford  is  shortly  to  appoint  for  its 
Indian  Civil  Service  probationers  a  Lec- 
turer in  Tamil  and  Telegu.  Applications 
and  testimonials  should  be  sent  to  the 
University  Registrar. 

Mr.  Meno  Haas,  one  of  the  oldest  and 
most  respected  of  London  booksellers, 
retired  last  week  from  active  work. 
Nearly  sixty  years  ago  he  came  to  England 
as  assistant  to  the  late  David  Nutt, 
whose  business,  after  a  spell  of  work  in 
Germany,  he  again  took  up  when  it  was 
under  the  control  of  the  Court  of  Chancery, 
making  it  the  chief  means  of  importing 
continental  scholarship  into  this  country. 
Mr.  Haas,  who  became  a  partner  in  the 
firm  of  David  Nutt  in  1867, formed  an  effec- 
tive fink  between  the  publishing  houses  of 
Germany  and  England,  and  many  young 
men  came  across  the  sea  to  serve  their 
year  under  him.  Mr.  Haas  has  always 
united  genuine  kindness  of  heart  with 
untiring  devotion  to  his  work. 

Messrs.  Heffer  &  Sons  of  Cambridge 
have  in  the  press  a  volume  of  essays  by 
Miss  C.  E.  Stephen,  author  of  '  Quaker 
Strongholds.'  It  is  addressed  chiefly  to 
a  Quaker  audience,  several  of  the  essays 
being  reprinted  from  The  Friends' 
Quarterly  Examiner. 


Tmk   syllabus  of  the   National   Litem ry 

Society  for  the  coming  leanon  bai  just 

been  ISSUed.  Mr.  John  MacNeill,  Vice- 
President  of  the  Gaelic  League,  will 
lecture  on  '  The  Modern  Celtic  Myth  '  ; 
Mr.  Joseph  Biggar  on  '  The  ( trigms  of 
Chivalry  in  Ireland  '  ;  Dr.  George  Sigerson 
on  '  The  Publication  of  Irish  Books '  ; 
the  Rev.  James  Hannay  on  '  An  Irish- 
man's Tour  in  England  '  ;  and  Mr.  W.  H. 
Gratton  Flood  on  '  Michael  William  Balfe  : 
a  Centenary  Appreciation.' 

Those  who  are  anxious  to  become 
acquainted  with  Irish  literature,  but  are 
without  a  knowledge  of  the  language, 
cannot  do  better  than  read  the  attractive 
version,  by  M.  d'Arbois  de  Jubainville, 
of  the  '  Tain  Bo  Cualnge  '  (the  carrying-off 
of  the  sacred  bull  and  the  cows  of  Cooley) 
in  the  last  numbers  of  the  Revue  celtique. 
The  actual  renderings  of  the  text  are 
preceded  in  the  first  of  the  quarterly 
issues  for  1907  by  a  discussion,  in  the 
learned  professor's  best  manner,  on  the 
form  of  the  work,  the  circumstances  of 
its  production,  the  mythological  com- 
parisons suggested  by  it,  &c.  This  is 
not  the  first  time  that  the  '  Tain  '  has  been 
translated,  a  voluminous  German  render- 
ing by  Dr.  Ernst  Windisch  having 
appeared  last  year ;  but  the  French 
version  is  likely  to  be  accessible  to  a 
larger  public. 

Messrs.  George  G.  Harrap  &  Co. 
have  acquired  "  The  Wellwood  Books," 
a  series  which  we  have  praised  for  its 
excellent  form. 

We  have  referred  before  now  to  the 
admirable  work  that  is  being  carried 
on  through  the  collective  energy  of  the 
American  Association,  the  Historical  MSS. 
Commission,  and  the  Carnegie  Institute 
at  Washington  under  the  direction  of 
Dr.  J.  F.  Jameson.  Besides  systematic 
reports  on  American  and  European  ar- 
chives, this  department  issues  periodical 
lists  of  American  research  students  with 
their  academic  credentials  and  sub- 
jects of  study.  This  information  will 
be  appreciated  by  archivists,  librarians, 
and  private  owners  ;  and  a  similar  list 
might  well  be  prepared  for  the  purpose 
of  facilitating  the  researches  of  English 
students. 

Besides  the  American  scholars  who 
have  worked  in  English  libraries  and 
archives  since  last  summer,  including 
Prof.  Chas.  Gross,  whose  important  work 
for  the  Selden  Society  is  approaching 
completion,  several  others  have  arrived 
during  the  winter  for  the  purpose  of 
making  more  or  less  prolonged  researches 
here.  Amongst  these  may  be  mentioned 
Profs.  E.  D.  Adams  (Leland  Stanford) 
and  J.  Schafer  (Madison).  Prof.  Justin 
Smith  (who  has  been  in  Europe  for  some 
months)  will  be  working  in  London  after 
Easter. 

In  connexion  with  the  anniversary 
of  the  death  of  Wallenstein  (Feb- 
ruary 25th,  1634),  an  episode  which  has 
inspired  some  heroic  literature,  it 
may  be  opportune  to    mention    that  the 


unique  I'au-  MB.  <<f  'Poynta'i  Relation' 

of    hie    campaign,    which    will    be     edited 

for  the  Camden  Scries  by  the  Kev. 
A.  T.  S.  Goodrick,  contains  a  contem- 
porary estimate  of  WallciMein'schaiacter, 
which  is  described  as  hoth  novel  and 
important. 

M.  Maurice  Barres  is  publishing 
next  week  '  Vingt-cinq  Annees  de  Vie 
litteraire.' 

A  further  portion  of  the  extensive 
library  of  Brunetiere  is  now  being  dis- 
persed at  the  Hotel  Drouot,  Paris,  and 
will  occupy  a  week.  The  sale  began  on 
Thursday,  and  comprises  works  of  all 
sorts,  many  of  them  elaborately  anno- 
tated. 

La  Revue  hebdomadaire  is  publishing 
a  translation  of  the  family  Bible  of  the 
King  of  Kings  of  Ethiopia,  for  which 
M.  Hugues  Le  Roux  is  responsible.  The 
manuscript  perused  by  him  at  Adis 
Ababa  bears  the  British  Museum  stamp 
on  its  first  and  last  sheets,  and,  at  the  end, 
the  inscription,  signed  by  Winter  Jones 
as  Principal  Librarian,  describing  the 
return  of  the  book  (captured  from  the 
Emperor  Theodore)  to  the  Emperor  John 
in  1872.  The  manuscript  is  a  copy  of 
the  '  Queen  of  Sheba,'  which  the  Emperors 
of  Abyssinia  have  looked  upon  as  their 
most  cherished  possession,  and  was  with 
Theodore  and  John  at  the  instant  of  their 
violent  deaths.  It  is  said  to  have  been 
carried  off  by  the  Abyssinian  monks  at 
the  time  of  the  battle  with  the  dervishes, 
in  winch  John  was  killed  ;  but  Menelik 
has  now  got  it  back  from  them.  The 
manuscript  is  one  of  many  versions  of  a 
well-known  story  of  a  visit  connected 
with  the  descent  claimed  from  Solomon 
and  the  Queen  of  Sheba  by  all  monarchs 
of  Abyssinia.  We  do  not  know  the 
qualification  of  the  present  translator 
for  his  task  ;  but  the  Foreign  Office 
between  1870  and  1885  had  sometimes 
to  forward  to  Germany  Ethiopian  Court 
letters,  as  no  one  in  this  country  at  that 
time  could  be  trusted  to  translate  them 
accurately. 

The  death  in  his  seventy- third  year 
is  announced  from  Tubingen  of  Dr. 
Ludwig  von  Schwabe,  Professor  of  Classical 
Philology  at  the  Umversity  of  that  town, 
and  author  of  a  number  of  valuable 
books.  He  is  especially  known  by  his 
work  on  Catullus. 

The  January  number  of  Vestnik  Evropy 
publishes  part  of  some  interesting  his- 
torical memoirs,  the  diaries  and  letters 
of  the  last  king  of  Poland,  Stanislaus 
Poniatowsky.  The  documents  remained 
for  many  years  sealed  in  the  archives 
of  the  Russian  Foreign  Office,  until  the 
present  Tsar  sanctioned  the  use  of 
them. 

Among  recent  Parliamentary  Papers 
of  general  interest  we  note :  Statistical 
Abstract,  British  Empire,  1892-1906 
(Is.  Id.)  ;  Parliamentary  Constituencies, 
Electors,  &c,  United  Kingdom  (3d.) ; 
and  Further  Correspondence  relating  to 
the  Congo  (6%d.). 


No.  4192,  Feb.  29,  1908 


THE    ATHENAEUM 


261 


SCIENCE 


RESEARCH    NOTES. 

The  belief  in  the  existence  of  positive 
electrons  or  discrete  particles  of  positive 
electricity,  the  grounds  for  which  were 
fully  set  out  in  this  journal  some  months 
ago  (see  Nos.  4147  and  4156),  grows  apace. 
M.  A.  Dufour  writes  in  the  Comptes  Rendus 
of  the  Academie  des  Sciences  that  he  has 
succeeded  in  observing  circular  vibra- 
tions similar  to  those  discovered  by  M. 
Jean  Becquerel  in  the  case  of  rare  earths, 
by  using  a  flame  fed  with  chemically  pure 
fluoride  of  calcium  in  a  strong  magnetic 
field.  The  direction  of  these  vibrations 
agrees,  he  tells  us,  with  the  hypothesis 
of  the  existence  of  positive  electrons  ;  while 
a  similar  result  from  the  use  of  sodium 
vapour  is  announced  by  Prof.  R.  W.  Wood 
(Johns  Hopkins  University)  in  the  current 
number  of  The  Philosophical  Magazine. 
M.  Henri  Becquerel,  however,  in  a  later 
number  of  the  Comptes  Rendus,  claims  that 
the  peculiarities  observed  by  M.  Dufour 
are  due  to  the  fact  that  the  fluoride  of 
calcium  used  by  him  was  not  chemically 
pure,  or  that,  as  he  puts  it,  it  contained 
rare  earths,  among  which  he  mentions 
terbium,  samarium,  and  dysprosium.  It 
is  therefore  at  present  very  much  a  question 
of  evidence;  but,  as  was  stated  in  the  review 
of  Mr.  Norman  Campbell's  book  earlier  in 
the  month  (see  The  Athenaeum,  No.  4189), 
the  view  that  positive  electrons  exist  is 
increasing  in  popularity,  and,  since  M. 
Dufour' s  experiment  was  made  not  with 
a  simple  body,  but  with  a  compound,  there 
should  be  no  difficulty  in  repeating  it  under 
conditions  excluding  the  theory  of  impurity. 

Another  question  of  great  interest  is 
rapidly  coming  to  the  front — as  to  the 
nature  of  the  X  rays  and  their  analogues, 
the  Gamma  rays  from  highly  radio-active 
substances.  Prof.  Bragg  (Adelaide  Univer- 
sity) has  followed  up  his  article  in  The 
Philosophical  Magazine  for  October  last 
by  a  letter  to  a  contemporary  in  which  he 
puts  the  dots  on  the  i's  of  his  contention 
that  both  these  classes  of  rays  consist, 
at  any  rate  in  part,  of  neutral  particles, 
or  particles  at  once  positively  and  negatively 
charged.  One  of  his  chief  arguments  is 
derived  from  the  behaviour  of  the  Alpha 
particle  on  its  passage  through  matter,  during 
which  it  experiences  a  measurable  loss  of 
energy.  But  this  is  mainly  due,  according 
to  him,  to  the  large  field  surrounding  it, 
which  would  be  much  contracted  if  a  Beta 
particle  were  associated  with  it.  This  not 
only  seems  reasonable,  but  also  gives  a 
conception  of  an  actual  electric — or,  as  some 
continental  writers  have  it,  an  "  ionic " 
— fluid  which  would  explain  many  things, 
including  the  Hall  effect.  Prof.  Barkla, 
on  the  other  hand,  is  altogether  opposed 
to  Prof.  Bragg's  new  hypothesis,  and  con- 
tends on  mathematical  grounds  that  Sir 
Georgo  Stokes's  demonstration  that  the 
X  rays  are  merely  pulsas  in  the  ether  is 
the  only  one  that  fits  all  the  facts.  The 
quarrel  is  a  pretty  one,  but  on  the  whole 
it  seems  that  the  swing  of  the  pendulum 
of  opinion — which  is  no  more  unknown 
in  scientific  than  in  political  matters — is  at 
prosent  leaving  tho  view  of  electrical  theory 
professed  at  Cambridge. 

M.  Chanoz  publishes  in  tho  Comptes 
Rendus  last  mentioned  somo  observations 
of  a  phenomenon  which  may  not  be  un- 
connected with  this.  He  exposed  a  gelatino- 
bromide  of  silver  photographic  plate  to  tho 
action  of  the  X  rays  emitted  by  a  Crookes 
tube,  and  found  that  the  effects  produced 
alternated.     First     an     ordinary     negative 


was  produced,  then  a  uniform  grey  impres- 
sion which  he  calls  tho  first  neutral  state, 
and  then  a  positive.  A  still  more  prolonged 
exposure  resulted  in  the  production  of  a 
second  neutral  state,  then  of  a  negative, 
and  so  on.  He  likens  these  effects  to  those 
obtained  by  M.  J.  Janssen  when  photo- 
graphing the  sun,  and  therefore  suggests 
a  resemblance  between  the  X  rays  and  those 
of  light.  It  may  be  doubted,  however, 
whether  the  decomposition  of  the  neutral 
X-ray  particle,  if  it  really  exist,  would  not 
furnish  a  simpler  explanation  of  the  matter. 

Mr.  Soddy  and  Mr.  T.  D.  Mackenzie 
publish  in  the  current  Proceedings  of  the 
Royal  Society  an  inquiry  into  the  behaviour 
of  monoatomic  gases  when  exposed  to  the 
electric  discharge.  The  fact  that  helium 
and  argon  tubes  will  quickly  become  non- 
conducting, if  subjected  to  the  discharge 
for  any  length  of  time,  is  well  known.  But 
this  peculiarity  vanishes,  according  to 
Messrs.  Soddy  and  Mackenzie,  when  pres- 
sures exceeding  half  a  millimetre  of  mercury 
are  reached,  and  they  requote  Sir  William 
Ramsay's  and  Dr.  Collie's  observation 
that  at  atmospheric  pressure  helium  con- 
ducts electricity  better  than  any  other  gas. 
Their  experiments  seem  to  show  that  helium 
is  in  fact  absorbed  by  the  "splashing" 
or  mirror  formed  in  the  tube  when  alu- 
minium electrodes  are  used,  and  can  be 
recovered  from  it  by  the  admission  of 
mercury  vapour.  Neon  and  argon  gave 
analogous,  but  slightly  different  results  ; 
while  hydrogen  ceased  to  conduct  at  a  pres- 
sure of  0-04  mm.,  nitrogen  at  0035  mm., 
and  carbon  dioxide  at  0-02  mm.  In  the 
course  of  the  experiments  the  authors 
saw  reason  to  affirm  the  conclusion  pre- 
viously reached  by  Mr.  Soddy  that  the 
vacua  produced  by  cooled  charcoal  are  by 
no  means  so  high  as  has  been  hitherto  sup- 
posed, and  the  whole  investigation  was 
conducted  with  the  small  calcium  furnace 
invented  by  him,  and  already  described  in 
these  Notes  (see  The  Athenaium,  No.  4135). 

In  a  recent  issue  of  the  Physikalischc 
Zeitschrijt  Prof.  W.  Winter  describes  the 
curious  result  of  some  experiments  made 
by  him  with  a  wireless-telegraphy  antenna 
attached  to  a  Tesla  coil.  He  found  that 
while  at  a  distance  of  150  millimetres  from 
the  point  the  electroscope  showed,  as  would 
be  expected,  a  positive  charge  ;  but  that 
on  bringing  it  nearer  to  the  antenna,  it 
changed  its  sign  at  about  half  that  distance. 
As  a  check  experiment  he  used  the  well- 
known  Lichtenberg  figures,  and  the  result 
of  the  whole  investigation  seemed  to  show 
that  the  antenna  was  surrounded  by  four 
cylindrical  regions  or  shells,  alternately 
positively  and  negatively  charged,  which 
changed  their  order  if  the  other  pole  of  the 
secondary  of  the  Tesla  coil  were  connected 
with  the  earth.  He  draws  from  this  the 
conclusion  that  the  wire  of  tho  antonna 
in  these  circumstances  actually  attracts 
ions  from  the  surrounding  atmosphore, 
and  that  the  sign  varies  according  to  tho 
speed  at  which  they  travel.  He  admits, 
however,  that  this  by  no  means  explains 
the  wholo  of  the  phenomena  observed, 
which  must  be  loft  for  further  investigation. 
The  true  nature  of  the  so-called  Tosla  dis- 
charge has  been,  porhaps,  too  much  neglocted 
of  lato  years,  and  it  appears  capablo  of  throw- 
ing light  upon  some  of  the  problems  of 
electrostatics. 

An  experiment  which  may  tell  us  much 
about  what  may  bo  called  embryonic 
memory  has  boon  effected  by  M.  Holm. 
He  took  soparato  lots  of  tho  ova  of  the 
frog,  which  ho  calls  A  and  B.  Lot  A  was 
oxposod  for  several  hours  to  the  intonso  heat 
of  the  sun,  whilo  lot  B  was  kept  in  dark- 
ness.    When  both  batches  hatched  a  month 


later,  it  was  found  that  the  tadpoles  from 
lot  A  persistently  sought  the  shade,  while 
those  of  lot  B  appeared  to  be  unaffected 
by  the  sun's  rays.  From  these  and  other 
experiments,  he  seeks  to  establish  the  exist- 
ence of  a  sort  of  physiological  rhythm  or 
alternation  of  activity  ;  and  he  declares 
among  other  things  that  with  most  people 
the  internal  temperature  gradually  rises 
after  they  get  up  in  the  morning,  and  attains 
its  maximum  towards  the  evening,  when 
it  begins  to  fall.  With  those  who  work  in 
the  night,  such  as  bakers,  night  watchmen, 
and  the  like,  the  reverse  is  the  case  ;  and 
he  makes  the  same  assertion  with  regard 
to  diurnal  and  nocturnal  animals. 

A  new  term  has  been  introduced  into 
physiology  in  the  shape  of  "  hormones," 
by  which  are  designated  those  chemical 
agents  in  the  blood  of  the  higher  animals 
which  assure  the  co-ordination  of  the 
activity  of  separate  organs.  One  of  the 
most  curious  of  them  has  been  discovered 
by  Dr.  Starling  (by  whom  the  term  was 
invented)  and  Dr.  Lane-Clay pon  in  the 
body  of  the  embryo  mammal,  which,  accord- 
ing to  them,  excites  through  the  placenta 
the  mammary  glands  of  the  mother,  and 
thus  brings  about  the  lacteal  secretion 
on  which  it  depends  for  its  post-natal 
subsistence.  Other  instances  may  be  found 
in  the  "  secretine "  discovered  by  Drs. 
Starling  and  Bayliss,  which,  carried  by  the 
blood  to  the  liver  and  pancreas,  causes 
the  secretion  of  bile  and  pancreatic  juice  ; 
and  in  the  adrenaline,  or  secretion  of  the 
supra-renal  capsules,  which  it  is  now  found 
possible  to  prepare  synthetically,  and  which 
causes  the  contraction  of  all  the  vessels 
of  the  body. 

Most  of  us  are  under  the  impression  that 
while  the  muscles  of  our  body  are  soon 
fatigued,  and  require  rest  before  they  can 
again  enter  into  function,  the  nerves  are 
incapable  of  fatigue,  and  can  be  worked 
everlastingly.  This  doctrine  has  for  some 
time  past  been  the  subject,  of  attack  by 
physiologists,  and  Dr.  Burian  showed,  at 
the  last  Congress  of  Physiology  held  at 
Heidelberg,  by  his  experiments  on  cepha- 
lopods,  the  possibility  of  so  often  exciting 
a  motor  nerve  that  it  remains  entirely 
inert,  and  only  recovers  its  activity  by 
a  long  period  of  rest.  Yet  the  nature  of 
this  action  is  still  in  dispute,  and  Dr.  Snyder 
at  tho  same  Congress  maintained  that  the 
working  of  the  nerves  depended  on  chemical 
reactions  produced  within  their  tissues. 
Perhaps,  if  this  could  bo  conclusively  shown 
to  be  so,  it  would  give  a  fillip  to  the  chemical 
theory  of  electricity,  now  very  much  in 
the  background.  Much  more  on  this  and 
some  of  the  other  subjects  treated  of  above 
is  to  be  found  in  the  extremely  useful 
annual  review  of  physiology  published  by 
Dr.  Leon  Fredericq  in  the  Rcvuc  generate 
des  Sciences.  F.  L. 


ANTHROPOLOGICAL    NOTES. 

The  Prehistoric  Congress  of  France 
will  hold  its  fourth  session  at  Chambory 
from  tho  24th  to  the  30th  of  August.  Ex- 
cursions have  been  arranged  to  Aix-les- 
Bains  and  Annocy  ;  to  tho  lakes  of  Bourget 
(where  a  prehistoric  "  peche "  will  be 
organized  on  board  a  vessel)  and  Aiguebe- 
lette  ;  and  by  Modane  to  tho  inscribed 
rocks  of  Mont  Conis,  and  tho  magnificent 
valloy  of  the  Tarontaiso.  Tho  subjects 
for  discussion  are:  (1)  tho  pile  dwellings 
and  their  agos  ;  (2)  tho  Paleolithic  period 
in  Savoy  and  its  relation  to  tho  glacial 
extension  ;  (3)  (lio  Neolithic  period  in  the 
Alps  ;       (4)       prohistorio      inscribed      rocks. 

T1k>  President  of  the  Organising  Committee 
is  Dr.  Chervin,  Past  Presidont  of  the  Society 


.,,;., 


Til  E     ATHENjEUM 


NV  \\\<!,  Pd.  29.  1008 


of  Anthropology  of  Paris;  the  Becretary, 
I  >r.  .Muni  I  Bauaouin,  Rue  Linns,  SI,  Paris; 
mid  the  Treasurer,  M.  Lotos  Giranx,  Avenue 

V*10tOt  IIiil'".      0     Ins.     Saint   .M;mclr,     Scino. 

Tli'   i  remises  i<>  be  not  less  attrac- 

tive and  BuooeasfoJ  than  its  predecessors 
held  at  I',  rigueux,  Valines,  and  Anton. 

The  new  Presidenl  of  the  Royal  Anthropo- 
logical    Institute,     Prof.     Ridgeway,    con- 
tributes  to   Man    for   February   an   article 
on   the  origin   of  the  guitnr  and  fiddle.      It 
has  been  shown  that  the  harp  and  the  lyre 
were  evolved   from    the  shooting  bow,  and 
he  traces   the   former   instruments   to   tho 
same  origin,  with  tho  addition  of  a  sounding- 
board  derived  from  the  shell  of  the  tortoise. 
An  instrument  in  use  amongst  some  of  the 
tribes   of   the   Congo   consists   of   the   back 
of  a  tortoise  with  a  piece  of  skin  strotched 
tightly  over  it,  tho  whole  acting  as  a  resonator 
to  the  strings  fastened  across  it.   Two  guitars 
from  Algeria  and  Casa  Blanca  have  sounding- 
boards  made  of  a  tortoisesholl,  and  each  has 
a  waist,  owing  to  the  natural  conformation 
of   the   shell.     In    that  waist  we   have,  he 
suggests,  the  starting-point  of  the  waist  of 
the  guitar  and  riddle. 

Prof.  Frazer,  in  a  characteristic  com- 
munication, assigns  to  Dr.  A.  W.  Howitt 
the  credit  of  having  been  the  first  to  state 
that  the  effect  of  the  division  of  the  Aus- 
tralian community  into  two  exogamous 
sections  was  to  prevent  the  marriage  of 
brothers  with  sisters,  and  that  the  effect 
of  its  division  into  four  such  sections  was 
to  prevent  the  marriage  of  parents  (own 
or  tribal)  with  children.  Dr.  Howitt  appears 
to  have  attributed  this  view  to  Dr.  Frazer 
in  forgetfulness  of  the  fact  that  he  had 
himself  stated  it  in  a  contribution  to  the 
Journal  of  the  Anthropological  Institute 
in  1888. 

The  same  subject  is  dealt  with  by  Mr. 
R.  H.  Mathews  in  an  account  of  the  social 
organization  of  the  Ngeumba  tribe,  New 
South  Wales,  and  he  furnishes  a  genealogical 
table,  based  on  actual  inquiry  into  the 
pedigrees  of  specified  individuals,  forming 
six  couples  or  twelve  married  persons, 
identified  by  their  English  names  :  Jack 
and  Nelly  Onze,  Tom  and  Nanny  Draper, 
Jack  and  Mary  Charlton,  Tom  and  Norah 
Keegan,  Jack  and  Kitty  Trap,  and  Billy 
and  Mary  Ann  Coleman. 

Prof.  Westermarck,  reasoning  from  certain 
beliefs  prevalent  among  the  Moors,  suggests 
that  the  killing  of  the  Divine  King  is  intended 
to  transmit  to  his  successor,  not  the  prede- 
cessor's soul,  as  Prof.  Frazer  lias  considered 
probable,  but  his  divinity  or  holiness, 
which  is  looked  upon  in  the  light  of  a 
separable  entity,  capable  of  being  trans- 
ferred from  the  ruling  sovereign  to 
another  individual.  Tho  polluting  effects 
ascribed  to  natural  dcatli  would  be  destruc- 
tive to  the  character  of  sanctity,  and  these 
would  be  averted  by  securing  a  violent 
death  in  good  time. 


SOCIETIES. 


GEOLOGICAL.— Feb.  21.—  Annual  Meeting.— The 
officers  were  appointed  as  follows :  President, 
Prof.  W.  J.  Sollas;  Vice- Presidents,  Mr.  F.  W. 
Rudler,  Dr.  A.  Strahan,  Dr.  J.  J.  H.  Teall,  and 
Dr.  A.  S.  Woodward;  Secretaries,  Prof.  E.  J. 
Garwood  and  Prof.  W.  W.  Watts;  Foreign 
Secretary,  Sir  Archibald  Geikie  ;  Treasurer,  Mr. 
Horace  W.  Monckton.— The  following  awards  of 
medals  and  funds  were  made :  the  Wollaston 
Medal  to  Prof.  Paul  von  Groth  of  Munich  ;  the 
Murchison  Medal  to  Prof.  A.  C.  Seward  ;  the  Lyell 
Medal  to  Mr.  R.  Dixon  Oldham;  the  Wollaston 
Eund  to  Mr.  H.  H.  Thomas  ;  the  Murchison  Fund 
to  Miss  Ethel  (;.  Skeat ;  and  the  Lyell  Fund  to 
Mr.  H.  J.  Osborne  White  and  Mr.  T.  E.  Sibly.— 
The  President  delivered  his  anniversary  address, 


whioh  (halt    with   the  •  Published   Work   of  the 
Geological  Booietj  oi    London  (luring  the   I 
Century  oi  tin-  Sooieti  '■  Exi 


Booms  or  Antioi-akiks.  —  Feb.  6.— Lord  Avo- 
hury,  President,' is  the  chair.—  A  pewter  broooh 
from  Castle  Aore,  oi  late  Saxon  date,  s/as exhibited 
by  Mr.  E.  M.  Beloe,  and  bronze  brooches  in  the 
form  of  horses  were  exhibited  by  Sir  John  Evans, 
Mr.  G.  C.  Wheeler,  and  the  Secretary  ;  enamelled 

escutcheons  with  other  mounts  of  hanging  bowls 
found  in  England  were  exhibited  by  Baron  ron 
Hiigel,  Mr.  J.  H.  Powell,  Mr.  W.  J.  Barnes,  Dr. 

S.  Andrews,  and  the  Secretary  ;  and  notes  on  the 
exhibits  were  read  by  Mr.  Reginald  Smith.  The 
horse-brooches  seemed  to  be  ot  the  fifth  and  sixth 
centuries,  but  their  distribution  was  unexpected. 
The  bronze  bowls  represented  were  not  included  in 
the  list  published  by  the  late  Mr.  Romilly  Allen 
in  1898,  and  further  examples  were  mentioned,  all 
pointing  to  the  seventh  century  as  a  central  date 
tor  England,  though  Norwegian  specimens  were 
somewhat  later,  and  evidently  derived  from  this 
country.  Their  use  was  not  obvious,  but  it  was 
unlikely  that  they  were  used  as  lamps,  though 
their  description  tallied  in  many  points  with  the 
Byzantine  gabatie.  They  were  sometimes  found  in 
graves  both  of  warriors  and  women,  and  a  map 
marked  with  the  sites  was  exhibited.  Mr.  Powell's 
specimen  from  Ewelme,  Oxon,  was  specially  in- 
teresting as  showing  the  prototype  of  the  enamelled 
series,  and  was  clearly  of  British,  as  oppe;sed  to 
Roman  or  Saxon,  workmanship.  Mr.  Read  further 
exhibited  and  commented  upon  a  bronze  blade  with 
three  stout  rivets,  of  the  early  Bronze  Age,  from 
Sproughton,  Suffolk  ;  and  a  socketed  spearhead 
and  a  tore  cf  unusual  weight  and  pattern,  both  of 
the  later  Bronze  Age,  from  the  Thames  at  London. 
The  tore  was  of  a  type  more  generally  found  in 
Scandinavia,  and  was  in  excellent  preservation. 

Feb.  13.  —Sir  Richard  Holmes,  V.P.,  in  the 
chair. — Sir  John  Evans  read  a  paper  on  sunt 
vessels  formed  of  steatite  from  Egypt,  a  series  of 
small  saucerlike  dishes  from  2£  to  3  inches 
furnished  with  small  spoutlike  projections,  and 
ornamented  en  be^h  sides  with  carving.  These 
objects  are  believed  to  have  been  intended  for  use 
as  libation -cups  ;  and  after  reviewing  the  evidence 
of  the  art  they  display,  the  author  considered  that 
their  period  might  be  placed  in  the  days  when  the 
worship  of  Serapis  and  other  Egyptian  divinities 
was  revived  under  Julian  the  Apostate,  about 
a.d.  360.  Attention  was  drawn  to  the  fact  that 
the  representation  of  Isis  seated  on  a  dog,  which 
appears  on  one  of  the  libation-cups,  is  found  also 
on  a  second  brass  of  Hadrian,  and  on  a  similar  coin 
of  Faustina  the  Elder.  Sir  John  Evans  also  read 
a  paper  on  a  collection  of  '  Pilgrims'  Signs  or 
Amulets.'  The  collection  consisted  of  twenty-one 
small  buttons  or  plaques  bearing  incised  outline 
representations  of  saints,  particularly  St.  Barbara 
and  St.  Niche>las,  Bishop  of  Myra,  The  subjects 
appear  to  have  been  either  cast  or  etched.  The 
author  was  inclined  to  regard  them  as  personal 
amulets  rather  than  pilgrims'  signs  in  the  ordinary 
meaning  of  the  term. 

Mr.  W.  H.  St.  John  Hope  submitted  some 
remarks  on  an  enamelled  shield  e>f  arms  lately 
found  at  Leez  Priory,  Essex,  during  levelling 
operations  carried  out  by  Mr.  M.  E.  Hughes- 
Hughes,  through  whose  kindness  the  shield  was 
exhibited.  It  bears  the  arms  of  the  Gernons  of 
Essex  and  Derbyshire,  pily  wavy  of  six  pieces,  in 
white  and  red  enamelled  on  copper.  The  shield 
had  apparently  formed  part  of  a  memumental 
brass,  and  it  had  been  suggested  that  the  founder 
of  the  priory,  Ralph  Gernon,  who  died  in  1247, 
might  have  been  so  commemorated.  Mr.  Hope 
showed,  however,  from  the  evidence  of  seals,  that 
the  arms  of  the  founder  and  his  son  were  paly 
wavy  of  six  pieces,  and  that  the  pily  wavy  coat 
had  first  been  assumed  by  another  Ralph  Gernon 
(a  grandson  of  the  founder  of  Leez  Priory),  who  died 
in  1274.  From  the  close  similarity,  in  size,  form, 
and  fashion,  of  tho  Gernon  shield  to  that  on  the 
brass  of  Sir  John  Dabernon  the  elder  (ob.  1277), 
Mr.  Hope  thought  that  the  Leez  Priory  example 
might  well  have  belonged  to  a  similar  memorial  to 
the  later  Ralph  Gernon. 

Feb.  20.— Sir  Edward  Brabrook,  V.P.,  in  the 
chair —A  paper  on  '  The  Chronology  of  the  British 
Bronze  Ago,'  by  Prof.  Oscar  M<  ntelius,  was  read, 
and   slides  shown  to  illustrate  the   types  charac- 


teristic of  the  live   jxriodn  into  w  hi' hit  might  )>c 
divided.     Thi  ■    w us  firut  put  forward  in  the 

rates  Lectures  at  Gnivenil  •.  London,  in 

l!HKp,  nnd   was  on    the  same  linen  M  the  auti 

chronology  for  other  Boropesa  n whins     It  may 

\x-  summarized  an  follows  : — 

Period  I.  (mors  properly  the  Copper  An,  before 
bronze  was  known), from  about  2500  to  2000  i  <.: 
leading  types,   flint   oetts  and   stone  axe-hamn 
daggers,   spearheads  and  arrowheads  of  flint,   tiat 
"  belts"  of  eopper  imitating  flint  f  rum,  daggti 
copper  or  poor  bronze,  buttons  with  r-perforsti 
"drinking  cups"  and  "  food  vessels  "  of  pot* 
burials  in  barrows  e;r  tree-coffins,  also  after  crema- 
tion in  cists  or  urns. 

Period   II.,  2000-1650   a.c    (first  pure    Eh 
Age) :  leading  types,  flat  celts  with  spreading  edge 
and   flanged   ceits,   daggers  with    rivets,    hall" 
blades,  gold  "lunuta,"  cinerary  urns,  also  unburnt 
burials    in    barrows.       Stonehenge   and    Avebmy 
already  built. 

Period  III.,  1660-1400  B.C.:  leading  types,  celts 
with  high  ridges,  palstaves,  daggers  tanged,  riveted, 
or  socketed,  bremze  and  gold  tores,  burials  probably 
after  cremation  (but  rare),  metal  hoards. 

Period  IV..  1400-1160  B.C.:  leading  types,  later 
palstaves,  socketed  celts,  rapiers,  and  leaf-shaj  i  d 
swords,  long  chapes,  razors,  socketcel  spearheads 
with  loops,  cylindrical  ferrules,  tores  and  armlets, 
cremations  in  barrows  or  cairns,  hoards  of  metal. 

Period  V.,  1150-800  B.C. :  leading  types,  winged 
celts  of  continental  type,  socketed  celts,  tanged  or 
socketed  chisels,  gouges,  and  daggers,  wii 
chapes,  circular  shields,  trumpets,  socketed  spear- 
heads with  openings  in  blade,  pins,  bracelets, 
buckets  of  bronze,  cremations  in  barrows  or  urn- 
fields,  hoards  common. 

A  large  number  of  selected  finds  were  brought 
forward  in  support  of  this  scheme,  which  was 
admittedly  at  variance  with  views  generally  held  ; 
and  parallels  were  cited  from  Hallstatt  in  Austria 
and  North  Italy,  where  the  chronology  was  not  so 
uncertain  as  elsewhere.  Earl}-  celts  from  Britain 
had  been  found  in  association  with  datable  objects 
in  Sweden,  and  the  occurrence  of  both  tin  and 
copper  in  Britain  rendered  it  probable  that  the 
Bronze  Age  began  here  at  an  earlier  date  than  in 
Scandinavia.  The  above  dates  were  only  given 
in  round  numbers,  e.g.,  1650  represented  the 
middle  of  the  seventeenth  century. 

Dr.  Arthur  Evans  expressed  his  general  agree- 
ment with  the  scheme,  so  far  as  regards  the 
relative  chronology,  which  was  based  on  the 
evolution  of  types  and  their  association  with  ci  n- 
temporary  objects  in  graves  or  other  deposits : 
but  the  absolute  chronology  was  more  open  to 
criticism,  especially  as  opinion  was  divided  with 
regard  to  the  early  chronology  of  Egypt,  on  which 
that  of  prehistoric  Europe  depended.  He  cited  as 
an  example  the  glass  beads  found  in  Cornwall, 
Dorset,  and  Wilts,  originally  blue  in  colour,  which 
seemed  to  date  from  the  nineteenth  dynasty  in 
Egypt  :  such  beads  were  associated  with  an 
elaborate  dagger  in  Bush  Barrow,  Wilts,  that  was 
assigned  by  Prof.  Montelius  to  his  second  pe  riod. 
A  clue  might  also  be  found  in  the  fiddle-type  of 
brooch,  which  tame  into  use  in  the  fourteenth 
century  B.C.  :  and  another  type  found  in  Magna 
Gnecia  was  not  earlier  than  the  seventh  century. 
Even  in  Central  Europe  the  transition  from  bronze 
to  iron  did  not  appear  to  be  earlier  than  about 
600  B.C.,  and  in  Britain  he  thought  4(H)  B.C.  was 
the  earliest  possible  date  for  the  transitu  n. — Dr. 
Read  also  considered  it  difficult  to  account  for  the 
absence  of  British  finds  between  800  and  400  BJ  ., 
and  thought  that  the  scheme  was  antedated.  It 
seemed  to  allow  too  long  for  the  evolution  of  the 
various  types,  and  though  there  might  be  evidence 
not  given  in  the  paper,  it  was  to  the  south  of 
Europe  that  we  had  to  turn  for  an  absolute 
chronology. 

Royal  Society  of  Litekatirk. — Feb.  26.— Mr. 
E.  H.  Coleridge  in  the  chair.— Dr.  W.  E.  A.  Axon 
read  a  paper  on  '  The  Authoress  of  "Christobell."' 
It  is  well  known  that  Coleridge,  although  he  wrote 
'  Christabel '  at  the  end  of  the  eighteenth  century 
and  alleiwcd  various  friends  to  see  the  MS.,  did 
not  print  it  until  1816  ;  but  a  sequel  to  it,  entitled 
'  Christobell,"  a  spelling  which  the  poet  sometimes 
used,  was  printed  in  Thr  Evrojxan  Magazine  in 
1815.  Who  was  the  author  of  this  sequel  which 
appeared  before  its  original  ?  Some  have  thought 
James  Hogg,  and  others  that  it  was  w  ritten  by 


No.  4192,  Feb.  29,  1908 


THE    ATHENAEUM 


263 


Coleridge  to  see  if  the  public  would  care  for  this 
particular  way  of  concluding  his  poem.  Dr.  Axon, 
by  a  careful  examination  of  many  other  contribu- 
tions of  the  author  of  '  Christobell,'  has  identified 
her  as  Miss  Anna  Jane  Vardill,  who  in  1822 
became  Mrs.  James  Niven  of  Glenarm,  and  died  in 
1852  at  Skipton.  When  quite  a  child  she  trans- 
lated from  the  minor  Greek  poets,  and  a  volume  of 
these  juvenilia  appeared  anonymously  in  1809,  and 
her  '  Pleasures  of  Human  Life '  in  1812.  She  was 
a  friend  of  Flaxman,  of  Henry  Crabb  Robinson 
(who  read  to  her  Coleridge's  'Christabel,'  and 
thus,  no  doubt,  suggested  the  writing  of  her 
own  poem),  of  the  first  Lady  Franklin,  and  of 
William  Hay  ley.  One  of  her  pieces,  'Lines  to  a 
Skeleton,'  has  appeared,  without  her  name,  in 
many  anthologies.  Whilst  it  cannot  be  claimed 
that  she  was  a  woman  of  genius,  she  had  a  large 
measure  of  talent,  and  in  her  '  Christobell '  caught 
something  of  Coleridge's  wild  and  spiritual  music. 

Zoological.—  Feb.  18.— Dr.  H.  Woodward,  V.P., 
in  the  chair.—  The  Secretary  read  a  report  on  the 
additions  to  the  menagerie  during  January. — Mr. 
"R.  I.  Pocock  exhibited,  on  behalf  of  Mr.  W. 
Simpson  Cross,  a  photograph  taken  from  a  living 
specimen  of  a  very  rare  South  American  dog 
{Canis  jubatus),  sometimes  called  the  maned  wolf. 
— Mr.  R.  H.  Burne  exhibited  and  remarked  upon 
a  number  of  preparations  of  the  olfactory  organs  of 
birds  and  fishes. — Dr.  L.  W.  Sambon  exhibited  a 
large  series  of  specimens  of  internal  parasites 
obtained  b}r  him  from  animals  recently  living  in 
the  Society's  gardens.  He  laid  stress  on  the  im- 
portant additions  to  knowledge  to  be  derived  from 
an  adequate  investigation  of  such  material,  and  on 
the  practical  results  to  the  health  of  the  animals 
in  the  gardens  that  might  be  expected. — Mr.  R. 
Staples-Browne  read  a  paper  '  On  the  Inheritance 
of  Colour  in  Domestic  Pigeons,  with  Special 
Reference  fcn  Reversion,'  and  exhibited  a  series  of 
skins  illustrating  his  experiments. — Mr.  O.  Thomas 
read  a  paper  on  mammals  collected  by  Mr.  M.  P. 
Anderson  during  a  trip  to  the  Mongolian  plateau, 
north-west  of  Kalgan.  Nine  species  were  men- 
tioned, of  which  two  were  described  as  new. — A 
communication  was  received  from  Mr.  G.  T. 
Bethune-Baker,  who  described  as  new  to  science  a 
number  of  species  of  butterflies  of  the  division 
Rhopalocera,  from  Africa  and  New  Guinea. 

Meteorological.— .FeS.  19.— Dr.  H.  R.  Mill, 
President,  in  the  chair. — Mr.  C.  Browett  read  a 
paper  describing  the  formation  of  "snow  rollers," 
which  he  observed  at  Ryton  on  Dunsmore,  near 
Coventry,  on  January  29th-30th,  1907.  There 
had  been  some  snow  showers  during  the  afternoon 
and  evening,  amounting  to  a  depth  of  about  1 J  in. 
The  next  morning  he  noticed  that  the  snow  on  the 
lawn  to  the  east  of  the  house  was  heaped  up  as 
1  hough  some  one  had  run  with  a  spade  in  front  of 
him.  The  snow  was  cleared  away  to  the  bare  grass 
(except  for  slight  bars  of  snow  across)  in  tadpole- 
like markings,  the  tails  of  which  all  pointed  to  the 
direction  whence  the  wind  had  been  blowing  all 
night,  viz.,  north-north-west,  and  at  their  heads 
was  heaped  up  the  snow  that  had  been  on  the 
bared  grass,  all  neatly  turned  over  in  a  roll.  A 
few  markings  only  were  seen  on  the  other  lawns, 
and  none  at  all  in  a  field  to  the  north  ;  but  on  the 
drive  and  grass  in  front  of  the  north  side  of 
the  house  there  were  markings  in  the  opposite 
direction,  but  with  little  snow  actually  curled  up. 
These  were  evidently  caused  by  the  deflection  of 
the  wind  from  the  sides  of  the  house.  The 
temperature  during  the  night  ranged  between 
32°  and  34".  A  number  of  extracts  giving 
descriptions  of  similar  phenomena  observed  else- 
where were  appended  to  the  paper. — A  paper  by 
Mr.  Ernest  Gold,  on  a  '  Comparison  of  Ships' 
Barometer  Readings  with  those  deduced  from 
Land  Observations,'  was  also  road.  This  con- 
tained the  result  of  a  preliminary  investigation 
undertaken  at  the  Meteorological  Office  into  the 
relation  between  the  barometer  readings  on  ships 
during  their  passage  across  a  lino  between 
Falmouth  and  TiroRt.  and  the  readings  deduced 
for  the  ships'  positions  from  the  observations  at 
these  places  and  the  trend  of  the  isobars,  on  the 
assumption  of  regular  pressure  changes. 

Institution  of  Civil  Engineers. — Feb.  18. — 
Sir  William  Matthews,  President,  in  the  chair. — 
The  paper  read  was  *  Shaft-Sinking  at  the  Horden 
Colliery,  South-East  Durham,'  by  Mr.  J.  J.  Preat. 


Historical. — Feb.  20. — Annual  Meeting. — Rev. 
Dr.  W.  Hunt,  President,  in  the  chaii*. — Miss 
Thomson  and  Messrs.  J.  J.  T.  Hill,  F.  C.  Snow- 
ball, and  J.  W.  Williams  were  elected  Fellows. 
University  College  Library  was  admitted  as  a  sub- 
scribing library. — The  President  read  his  address, 
dealing  with  the  Roman  Catholic  deputation  to 
Pitt  on  behalf  of  Catholic  relief  in  1805,  as 
narrated  in  the  diary  of  Denys  Scully.  The 
President  further  spoke  on  the  strong  claim  to 
support  of  the  Advanced  History  Teaching  Fund, 
— Prof.  Pollard  and  the  Master  of  the  Temple 
also  spoke  vigorously  on  behalf  of  the  same  cause. 


Physical. — Feb.  14. — Annual  Meeting. — Prof.  J. 
Perry,  President,  in  the  chair. — The  Secretary  read 
the  Report  of  the  Council  for  the  past  year,  and  the 
Treasurer  read  his  Report  for  1907. — The  following 
officers  and  Council  were  elected  for  the  ensuing 
year :  President,  Dr.  C.  Chree ;  Vice-Presidents, 
those  who  have  filled  the  office  of  President,  together 
with  W.  Duddell,  H.  M.  Elder,  Prof.  J.  A.  Ewing, 
and  Dr.  W.  Watson  ;  Secretaries,  W.  R.  Cooper 
and  Prof.  W.  Cassie ;  Foreign  Secretary,  Prof. 
S.  P.  Thompson ;  Treasurer,  Prof.  H.  L.  Callendar  ; 
Librarian,  Dr.  W.  Watson ;  other  Members  of 
Council,  A.  Campbell,  Dr.  W.  H.  Eccles,  Dr.  A. 
Griffiths,  Dr.  J.  A.  Harker,  Prof.  C.  H.  Lees, 
T.  Mather,  A.  Russell,  S.  Skinner,  S.  W.  J.  Smith, 
and  Prof.  L.  R.  Wilberforce. — Dr.  Chree  then 
took  the  chair  and  delivered  an  address. 


Hellenic. — Feb.  18. — Prof.  Percy  Gardner,  Pre- 
sident, in  the  chair. — Dr.  Cecil  Smith  showed 
lantern -slides  of  two  important  additions  recently 
made  to  the  sculptures  of  the  Parthenon.  The  one 
is  a  fragment  giving  the  back  of  the  head  of  the 
Athena  of  the  West  Pediment ;  the  other  the 
head  of  the  Lapith  belonging  to  metope  No.  316  of 
the  British  Museum  series.  These  discoveries 
are  a  further  result  of  the  attempt  which  has 
recently  been  made  to  complete  the  Museum 
collection  with  casts  of  all  the  fragments  known  to 
exist  elsewhere.  It  will  be  remembered  that  when 
the  casts  of  the  fragments  of  the  frieze  arrived 
from  Athens  in  1906,  six  of  them  were  found  to 
join  on  to  places  in  the  original  composition.  The 
casts  of  the  fragments  from  the  pediments  and 
metopes  arrived  from  Athens  last  autumn,  and  the 
entire  series,  which  were  specially  made  by  the 
Greek  Government  for  this  purpose,  have  been 
presented  to  the  British  Museum  through  the  kind 
intervention  of  Mr.  Cavvadias.  The  new  Athena 
fragment  is  not  represented  in  Carrey's  drawing, 
which  shows  that  the  pose  of  this  torso,  as  set  up 
in  the  Museum,  is  wrong,  and  this  will  be  altered. 
The  back  of  the  helmet  was  evidently  obscured 
by  locks  of  hair,  winch  were  probably  indicated  in 
metal,  for  the  attachment  of  which  some  holes  are 
drilled  in  the  marble  beside  each  ear.  This  dis- 
covery was  independently  made  by  Dr.  Prandtl, 
but  apparently  is  still  unpublished.  The  Lapith 
head  is  nearly  complete  on  the  left  side,  but  on  the 
right  side  has  suffered  from  weathering,  and  also 
owing  to  the  fact  that  a  series  of  some  120  holes 
have  been  pierced  in  it  with  a  drill,  for  what  pur- 
pose it  is  difficult  to  explain.  Nevertheless  the 
new  addition  improves  in  a  remarkable  degree  the 
appearance  of  this  metope,  which  has  always  been 
reckoned  one  of  the  finest  of  the  Parthenon  series 
in  style  and  composition. 

Mr.  Louis  Dyer  read  a  paper  on  '  The  Olympian 
"  Theatron  "  and  the  Battle  of  Olympia.'  When 
stating  the  bounds  of  the  battle-field  of  364  B.C.  at 
Olvmpia,  Xenophon  alludes  to  the  "  theatron,"  but 
cannot  be  using  the  word  in  its  current  sense  of  a 
theatre,  since  nothing  of  that  kind  over  existed 
at  or  near  Olympia.  There  was,  however,  at 
Olympia,  long  before  stadiums  or  theatres  any- 
where existed,  a  place  whence  spectators  viewed 
(1)  athletic  contests,  (2)  processions,  sacrifices, 
and  the  like:  this  was  a  "theatron"'  in  the 
vaguer,  and  possibly  local,  sense  of  a  spec  tat or ium, 
and  consisted,  before  450  r.c,  of  tho  long  Terrace 
of  the  Treasuries  running  eastward  to  the  north- 
east corner  of  tho  Altis.  From  here  Pindar 
(01.  x.  101)  saw  young  Agesidamus  actually 
winning  the  wrestling  bout  in  476  n.c.  In 
450  n.c  a  <|iiadnlateral  Dromos  (running-ground), 
with  fields  adjacent  for  spectators,  was  provided 
for  athletic  contests.  The  old  "theatron''  re- 
mained, however,  as  before,  for  onlookers  at  other 
spectacles,   but  in  an  enormously  amplified   form. 


Its  extension,  built  when  the  Dromos  was  laid 
out,  consisted  of  (1)  the  Painted  Colonnade, 
(2)  the  front  colonnade  of  the  south-eastern  build- 
ing. These  ran  southward  as  far  as  the  Council- 
House  from  the  east  end  of  the  old  "  theatron"  of 
the  terrace,  while  the  terrace  extended  westward 
as  far  as  the  Shrine  of  Hestia.  By  this  ancient 
speclatorium  thus  enlarged  Xenophon  bounds,  on 
two  of  its  three  sides,  the  stricken  field  of  364  B.C. 
('Hellen.,'  VII.  iv. )  as  the  space  "between  the 
Council-House,  the  Shrine  of  Hestia,  and  the 
'theatron'  adjoining  these  buildings."  Prof. 
Frazer,  for  whom  "theatron"  must  mean  a  semi- 
circular stone  theatre,  suggests  that  both  the 
Council- House  and  the  theatre  are  still  un- 
exeavated,  and  leaves  Xenophon's  account  of  the 
whole  battle  past  praying  for,  while  the  perfectly 
identified  remains  in  situ  of  the  Council-House 
must  shift  for  themselves.  Dr.  Dorpfeld  gives  a 
perfectly  satisfactory  account  of  the  battle,  but 
implies  that  Xenophon,  in  bounding  the  battle- 
field, was  momentarily  bereft  alike  of  common 
sense  and  of  his  customary  gift  for  the  consistent 
and  straightforward  use  of  words. 

Mr.  Norman  Gardiner  next  read  a  short  paper  in 
which  he  pointed  out  that  the  early  connexion  of 
the  games  with  the  altar  was  confirmed  by  various 
traditions.  The  concentration  of  all  the  interest, 
athletic  and  religious,  round  the  altar  before 
450  B.C.  explained  (1)  the  crowding  together  of  the 
treasuries  on  the  terrace  overlooking  the  altar ; 
(2)  the  building  of  the  tiers  of  steps  below  the 
treasuries,  partly  as  a  retaining  wall,  partly  as  a 
stand  for  spectators ;  (3)  the  extension  of  this 
stand  by  the  building  of  the  colonnade  at  right 
angles  to  it.  The  designation  of  these  arrange- 
ments as  a  "  theatron"  was  justified  by  the  close 
connexion  of  games  and  ceremonies  with  the  altar. 
Similar  provision  for  the  spectators  of  religious 
rites  was  found  at  Eleusis,  Oropus,  and  Sparta. 
Finally,  the  boundary  wall  of  the  altis  offered  no 
objection  to  this  view.  This  wall  was  an  arbitrary 
boundary  which  did  not  correspond  either  with  the 
ancient  boundary  of  the  sacred  grove,  or  with  the 
natural  boundaries  of  the  sacred  temenos.  The 
earliest  portion  of  it  was  the  eastern  wall,  which 
could  not  be  earlier  than  the  colonnade. 


meetings  next  week. 


Wld. 


Fki. 


Royal  Institution,  S.— General  Monthly. 

Surveyors'    Institution,    7.  — 'Valuation    anil    Goodwill,'    Mr. 

W.  H.  Taylor.     (Junior  Meeting.) 
Society  of  Engineers.  7.30.— 'The  Treatment  and  Formation  of 

Roads.'  Mr.  A.  J.  Metcalfe. 
Aristotelian,  8.—'  The  Idea  of  Totality,'  Dr.  Shadworth  H. 

Hodgson. 
Royal  Institution,  3  — '  Membranes  :   their   Structure,    Uses, 

and  Products,'  Lecture  IV.,  Prof.  W.  Stirling. 
Institution  of  Civil  Engineers,  8.— Discussion  on  'The  New 

York  Rapid-Transit  Subway.' 
Zoological,  8  30.— '  A  Comparison  of  the  Neotropical  Species  of 

Corallus  C.  eookii  with  C.  niadagascarienti*  ;    and  on  some 

Points  in  the  Anatomy  of  C.  cttniitnu.'  Mr.  F.  E.  Reddard  ; 

'On  a  Young  Female  Kordofan  Giraffe,'  Dr.   P.   Chalmers 

Mitchell;  'Description  of  a  New  Species  of  Monkey  of  the 

Genus  Cercopithecus,'  Mr.  R.  I.  Pocock. 
Archaeological  Institute.  1.30.—'  Holdenby  Manor,  Church,  and 

House.'  Mr.  Albert  Hartshorne. 
Entomological,  8.—'  Descri  ptions  of  New  Species  of  Lepidoptera- 

Heteroccra  from   South- East    Brazil,'    Mr.    E.    Dukinficld- 

Jones. 
Geological,  8.—' On  VetrfbrAyncfaM  brtukyrkunauu  (Deslong.l 

from  the  Oxford  ('lav  near  Peterborough.'  Mr.  E.  Thurlow 

Leeds;   'The  High-Level  Platforms  of   Bodmin    Moor,   and 

their  Relation  to  the  Deposits  of  Stream-Tin  and  Wolfram,' 

Mr.  G.  Barrow. 
Society  of    Arts,    8. —  'Modem    Dairy  Practice,'    Mr.  L.    M' 

Douglas. 
.  Roval  Institution,  3.—'  Early  Rritish  History  and  Epigraphy,' 

Lecture  I.,  Prof.  Sir  John  Rhys. 
Roval,  4.30. 
London  Institution,  r> .— '  A  Study  of  the  Principles  of  Nature, 

Lecture  I.,  Mr.  F.  Hovenden, 
Institution  of  Electrical   Engineers,  8.—' Fuse    Phenomena,' 

Prof.  A.  Schwartz  and  Mr.  W,  H.  N.  James. 
Linnean,  8— 'On  the  Morphology  of  SHgmaria  in  comparison 

with   Recent  Lyoopodlaeees,'    Prof     F.    B.  Weiss;    '  On  Tri- 

chonisroiiim  athitiii*  and  7'.  srtrti.'  Mr.  Alexander  Patienoe. 
Chemical,  8.80.— "The  Solubility  of  Iodine  In  Water.'  Messrs. 

H.  Hartley  and  N.  P.  Campbell;  'Traces  of  a  New  Tin-Group 

Element  in  Thorianite.'  Miss  ('  de  B.  Evans. 
Institution  of  Civil  Engineers.  8.—'  Surveying  on  Thunder  Bay 

Branch  of  the  Grand  Trunk  Pacific  Railway.  Canada.' Mr. 

R.  V.  Morris;  'British  Practice  in  Railway  Surveying,'  Mr. 

W.   Graham;    'Railway   Surveying  in  Great    Britain,'    Mr. 

w  c.  Crawford.  _  „  „    _     , 

Philological.  8— 'The  Lvditito  Cnion.   Dr.  H    N.  M  u  Cra.ken. 
Royal  Institution.  <>     '  Recent  Earthquake*,'  Prof.  J.  Milne. 
Royal  institution,  8.— "Electric  Discharges,   through  Gases," 
Lecture  I.,  Prof.  J.  J.  Thomson. 


$ricna  C&ossip. 

The  death,  at  tho  ago  of  eighty-five, 
is  announcod  from  Kiol  of  tho  distinguished 
surgeon  IVof.  von  Esmarch.  He  studied 
n(    Kiol   and   Cot  tingon.   and,   after   working 

in  tho  hospitals  at  Kiol.  served  in  the 
Behleswig-Holstein  war  in  1848.  Ho  was 
appointed  Direotor  of  Kiol  Hospital  in  1857, 
and    did    good    sorvico    there    and    in    the 


•ji;i 


Til  E     ATI!  KXjEUM 


No.  4192,  Feb.  29,  1908 


neighbouring     towns     in     the     Wat    of     lsr.l 

During  the  campeigna  of  1870  ha  was  pre- 
vented bj  illneM  from  taking  part  in  field 
work.    i>lit     he    organiaed    the    Volunteer 

Medical  Corps,  was  appointed  General 
Medical  Offloer  and  Consulting  Surgoon  to 
the  Army,  and  was  summoned  to  Borlin 
to  assist"  in  arranging  the  groat  military 
hospital  on  theTempelhofer  Feld.  He  intro- 
duce! many  improvements  in  the  treatment 
of  wounds,  and  discovered  a  method  of 
emptying  the  bloodvessels  in  order  to 
facilitate  operations.  He  was  the  author 
of  '  Ueber  kiinstliche  Blutleere  boi  Opera- 
tionen,'  '  Handbuch  dor  kriegschirurgischen 
Technik,'  and  '  Die  erste  Hiilfe  bei  plotz- 
lichen  Ungliicksfiillen.' 

The  sun  will  be  vertical  over  the  equator 
about  half  an  hour  aftor  midnight  (by  Green- 
wich time)  on  the  20th  prox.  The  moon 
will  be  new  at  Ch.  57m.  on  the  evening 
of  the  2nd,  and  full  at  2h.  29m.  on  the 
morning  of  the  18th.  She  will  be  in  perigee 
on  the  afternoon  of  the  1st,  and  again  on 
that  of  the  29th.  The  planet  Mercury  will 
be  at  greatest  western  elongation  from  the 
sun  on  the  27th,  and  visible  in  the  morning 
from  about  the  9th  to  the  end  of  the  month, 
situated  in  the  constellation  Aquarius. 
Venus  is  very  brilliant  in  the  evening,  moving 
from  the  constellation  Pisces  into  Aries  ;  she 
will  be  near  the  moon  on  the  5th.  Mars 
is  in  Aries  diminishing  in  brightness,  and 
will  be  in  conjunction  with  the  moon  on 
the  afternoon  of  ~the  6th.  Jupiter  is  in 
Cancer  ;  on  the  meridian  at  9  o'clock  in 
the  evening  on  the  13th,  and  at  8  o'clock 
on  the  28th  ;  in  conjunction  with  the 
moon  on  the  afternoon  of  the  13th,  and 
stationary  in  the  heavens  at  the  end  of  the 
month.  Saturn  is  not  visible  next  month, 
being  in  conjunction  with  the  sun  on  the 
21st. 

Pabt  III.  of  Vol.  VIII.  of  the  Astronomical 
Papers  prepared  for  the  use  of  The  American 
Ephemeris  and  Nautical  Almanac  contains 
a  catalogue  of  the  places  (with  the  secular 
variations  and  proper  motions,  &c.)  of 
1,607  zodiacal  stars  for  the  epochs  1900 
and  1920,  reduced  to  an  absolute  system 
by  Mr.  Henry  B.  Hedrick,  Assistant  to  the 
American  HpJiemeris.  The  stars  selected 
are  those  specially  adapted  for  observations 
of  occultations  by  the  moon. 

The  Cambrian  Natural  Observer,  the  organ 
of  the  Astronomical  Society  of  Wales,  which 
was  founded  for  the  promotion  of  the  study 
of  astronomy  and  the  allied  sciences  in 
the  Principality,  is  now  a  quarterly  journal, 
and  the  first  number  for  this  year  has 
recently  appeared.  It  gives  a  brief  account 
of  astronomical  and  meteorological  observa- 
tions (the  latter  obtained  at  Llangollen 
by  Mr.  Ruddy)  during  1907,  and  contains 
several  articles  of  interest.  Mr.  T.  E.  Heath, 
President  of  the  Society,  and  author  of 
'  Our  Stellar  Universe '  (in  which  stereo- 
scopic views  are  given  representing  the  dif- 
ferent distances  of  a  large  number  of  celestial 
objects),  writes  on  '  Star  Clouds  and  Nebula?.' 
The  author  of  a  short  history  of  transits 
of  planets  over  the  sun's  disc  does  not 
seem  to  be  aware  that  the  claim  to  have 
discovered  an  intra-Mercurial  planet  called 
Vulcan,  made  on  behalf  of  Lescarbault 
(who  long  afterwards  showed  his  knowledge 
of  astronomy  by  discovering  Saturn  as  a 
new  star),  has  been  long  ago  abandoned. 
Reviews  appear  of  Miss  Bacon's  interesting 
memoir  of  her  father,  the  great  scientific 
aeronaut,  the  Rev.  J.  M.  Bacon  ;  and  of 
Herr  Fauth's  '  The  Moon  in  Modem  Astro- 
nomy,' which  was  noticed  in  The  Athenceum 
on  July  20th  last  year  (p.  74).  The  Secretary 
of  the  Society  is  Mr.  A.  Mee,  of  Llanishen, 
Cardiff,  who  puts  forth  each  year  that  handy 


card-calendar   called    'The    Heavens  at   a 

I  dance. ' 


FINE   ARTS 


Early    Woodcut  Initials.     By  Oscar  Jen- 
nings, M.D.     (Methuen  &  Co.) 

This  is  virtually  the  first  work  of  any 
historical  importance  which  has  appeared 
in  any  country  upon  this  subject.  A 
handsome  quarto  volume  of  nearly  300 
pages,  with  over  1,300  illustrations,  it  has 
occupied  Dr.  Jennings  ten  years  in 
compilation.  As  such  its  date  will 
remain  significant.  Many  works  have, 
of  course,  been  printed  dealing  with 
general  book-ornamentation,  such  as  A.  F. 
Busch's  '  Biicher-Ornamentik  '  of  1878-81 
(the  work  most  closely  comparable  to  the 
present)  ;  or  with  special  cities,  such  as 
Castellani's  work  on  early  Venetian  print- 
ing ;  or  even  with  the  initials  of  special 
districts,  such  as  Heitz  on  Alsace ;  or 
with  artists  such  as  Holbein.  But  nothing 
has  so  far  been  published  relating  to 
initial  letters  as  a  class  generally,  and  here 
the  author  has  seen  his  opportunity  and 
seized  it.  The  reproductions  are  admir- 
able. The  printer  and  binder  have  made 
an  attractive  volume  where  a  dull  one 
might  have  been  anticipated ;  and  the 
work  is.  in  truth,  one  which  nobody 
interested  in  the  decorative  aspect  of 
typography  can  afford  to  miss.  To 
show  in  detail  the  importance  of  Dr. 
Jennings's  work,  we  may  mention  that 
against  the  1,300  illustrations  here  given 
Busch  can  boast  of  915  only. 

There  are,  however,  many  ways  in 
which,  with  very  little  forethought,  the 
book  could  have  been  improved.  Matter 
which  should  have  come  in  the  preface 
has  been  scattered  about  the  text.  There 
is  a  great  deal  of  unnecessary  padding 
besides  venial  diffuseness.  The  author's 
style  is  often  slipshod.  Books  are  cited 
under  one  date  in  the  text,  and  another 
in  the  illustrations.  Worst  of  all, 
anybody  who  consults  the  book  in  its 
present  state  as  a  serious  work  of  reference 
will  be  driven  to  despair.  For  ourselves, 
we  have  only  been  able  to  make  it  tractable 
by  freely  annotating  it  with  marginal 
references  from  cover  to  cover.  This 
labour  should  have  been  spared  the  reader. 
From  one  remark  we  gather  that  Dr. 
Jennings  is  himself  conscious  of  short- 
comings, and  we  must  sympathize  with 
an  author  who  has  been  prevented  from 
making  his  work  as  effective  as  he  could 
have  wished.  But  we  are  amazed  at  the 
result  of  such  a  lack  of  revision,  and 
cannot  help  thinking  that  he  would  have 
done  something  to  remedy  the  fault  had 
he  realized  what  a  serious  demand  he  has 
made  upon  his  readers'  patience.  More- 
over, hardly  a  single  bibliographical  work 
throughout  the  volume  is  referred  to 
specifically  by  title  and  place  of  print- 
ing. The  consequence  is  that  any 
one  seeking  for  special  information  is 
driven  out  into  the  wilderness.  A  greater 
absence  of  method  remains  in  the  author's 
general     design     than    we    could     have 


desired.  Thus  the  section  on  Switzer- 
land has  been  imperfectly  co-ordinated. 
Further,  a  full  bibliographical  list  of 
authorities,  whether  mentioned  in  the 
text  or  not,  would  have  been  of  inestim- 
able service  ;  as  also  a  synoptical  table 
of  the  original  books  laid  under  requisi- 
tion, arranged  under  country,  town,  and 
printer.  The  index  is  not  in  the  lea-t 
adequate.  All  these  acts  of  omission  and 
commission  may  very  well  be  remedied 
in  a  subsequent  edition,  to  which  we 
heartily  look  forward. 

It  is  unfortunate  that  Dr.  Jennings 
has  not  dwelt  at  greater  length  upon  the 
manuscript  initial.  He  does  not  ignore 
it,  but  again  he  has  not  sufficiently 
particularized.  Moreover,  the  title 
"  woodcut  initial "  is  a  misnomer,  for 
he  himself  admits  that  no  attempt  has 
been  made  to  exclude  metal  cuts.  It 
would  be  a  disagreeable  and  a  discourteous 
task  to  follow  Dr.  Jennings  with  further 
complaints.  It  is  obvious  that  the  work 
has  been  compiled  under  considerable 
disadvantages — a  fact  which  is  empha- 
sized by  the  use  which  he  has 
legitimately  made  of  illustrations  in 
booksellers'  catalogues,  whereas  references 
to  books  in  a  large  library  would  have  been 
more  to  the  purpose.  The  Lyons  section 
of  the  work  is  undoubtedly  the  fullest 
and  best,  no  fewer  than  thirty-two 
pages  of  illustrations  having  been  devoted 
to  this  city  alone.  The  G  on  p.  152 
represents  not  the  crowning  of  a  martyr,  g 
but  the  coronation  of  the  Blessed  Virgin. 


The  Slade  :  a  Collection  of  Drawings  by 
Past  and  Present  Students  of  the  London 
Slade  School.  (Clay  &  Sons.)— In  this 
record  of  the  work  of  students  of  the  Slade 
School  the  examples  reproduced  speak  of 
the  tradition  of  free  and  vigorous  draughts- 
manship which  is  being  formed  in  that 
academy.  Many  of  them,  however,  belong 
to  the  category  of  slight  drawings  which  it 
would  be  wrong  to  regard  as  achievements. 
Of  the  literary  part  of  the  production,  the 
three  most  typical  essays  are  those  by  Mr. 
MacColl  on  Mr.  Augustus  John,  Mr.  Stephen 
Granger  on  Mr.  Orpen,  and  by  the  editor, 
Mr.  Fothergill,  on  the  technique  of  drawing. 

Of  these  writers  Mr.  MacColl  takes  a 
central  position.  He  touches  lightly  on  his 
subject,  being  perhaps  not  entirely  persuaded 
that  the  drawings  chosen  are  supreme 
examples  of  Mr.  John's  art  ;  but  he  has 
something  to  say,  and  says  it  tactfully.  Mr. 
Fothergill  writes  with  deadly  earnestness, 
sacrificing  literary  grace  in  the  determina- 
tion to  cover  the  ground  thoroughly,  and 
thus  accurately  represents  the  tendencies 
of  one  section  of  the  students  of  the  Slade 
School  of  Art.  It  is  only  just  that  another 
section,  which  plays  as  great  a  part  in  making 
the  school's  reputation  with  the  outside 
world,  should  be  represented  also,  as  it  is  in 
Mr.  Granger's  display  of  fireworks.  Here 
is  the  sort  of  writer  who  cares  little 
how  wild  he  is  so  long  as  he  produces  an 
illusion  of  brilliance.  He  does  that,  thanks 
to  the  possession  of  an  undoubted  literary 
sense  which  gives  his  essay  a  sustained 
continuity  yet  variety  of  movement  that  is 
captivating*.  Could  Mr.  Granger  address 
the  intelligence  as  coherently  as  he  does 
the  ear,  he  would  be  a  fascinating  writer. 

A  more  welcome  phenomenon,  in  a 
generation  of  artists  scantily  given  to  serious 


No.  4192,  Feb.  29,  1908 


THE    ATHENiEUM 


265 


thinking,  is  an  earnest  attempt  at  exposition 
of  the  first  principles  of  draughtsmanship, 
■such  as  that  made  by  Mr.  Fothergill.  Start- 
ing with  a  belief  in  the  way  in  which  drawing 
is  taught  at  the  Slade,  he  tries  to  find  for  it 
a  basis  of  logic,  to  prove  that  it  is  the  right 
way  to  teach — indeed,  the  only  right  one  ; 
and  his  argument  betrays  a  little  this 
manner  of  building  from  above  downwards. 
The  plastic  conception,  on  which  drawing 
as  taught  at  this  academy  is  founded,  may 
indeed  be  a  conception  from  which  modern 
draughtsmen  can  hardly  escape,  and  the 
draughtsmanship  based  on  it  be  thus  the 
only  one  there  is  much  utility  in  teaching  ; 
but  when  Mr.  Fothergill  asserts  that  "  there 
is  no  other,"  and  cites  Michel  Angelo,  Titian, 
and  Holbein  as  one  and  all  exponents  of  the 
same  "  sculptor's  drawing,"  he  forgets  that 
a  single  example  on  the  other  side  suffices 
to  contradict  him.  Certain  Oriental  artists, 
certain  European  primitives,  mightbebrought 
up  in  disproof  of  his  assertion  that  it  is 
only  by  such  plastic  methods  that  drawing 
oan  "give  us  an  emotion  of  form."  The  man 
who  can  thus  ignore  the  expressiveness  of, 
we  do  not  say  a  silhouette,  but  even  a  section, 
and  the  need  for  selection  and  sympathy  in 
the  rendering  of  it,  is  necessarily  unjust  to 
the  draughtsman  in  two  dimensions,  whose 
work  he  calls  "  copying,"  and  condemns 
to  be  judged  "  only  by  its  exactitude." 
There  is  a  temptation  to  reply  that  in  large 
part  plastic  draughtsmanship  seeks  no 
longer  the  moral,  but  the  mere  material 
significance  in  form.  In  the  court  of  pure 
reason  the  sculptor's  drawing,  with  its 
miracles  of  foreshortening,  might  find  it 
hard  to  establish  its  own  legitimacy.  That 
as  a  matter  of  fact  some  of  the  greatest  feats 
of  human  intelligence  have  been  performed 
in  this  bastard  art  does  not  affect  the  abstract 
Tightness  of  it.  It  is  only  useful  as  a 
reminder  to  purists  of  the  practical  futility 
of  their  legislation. 

These  remarks  are  intended  only  as  a 
protest  against  the  exclusiveness  with 
which  Mr.  Fothergill  advocates  one  style  of 
drawing.  We  think  that  style  admirable, 
and  much  that  he  urges  on  its  behalf  most 
cogent  and  useful.  The  essay  may  be 
recommended  to  art  students,  who  may  in 
its  perusal  gain  a  step  at  least  in  the 
direction  of  clarity. 

Fourth  Portfolio  of  the  Arundel  Club,  1907. 
(15,  Vicarage  Gardens,  Kensington.)  — 
Another  publication  which,  like  the  fore- 
going, needs  special  recommendation  to 
art-lovers,  because  its  existence  is  not 
widely  known,  is  the  annual  portfolio  of  the 
Arundel  Club.  This  body  is  formed  for  the 
purpose  of  issuing  reproductions  of  pictures 
in  private  collections  inaccessible  to  the 
public.  Owners  of  pictures  are  giving  every 
facility  for  this  work,  but  the  expenses  are 
necassarily  heavy,  and  additional  sub- 
scribers (of  one  guinea  a  year,  for  at  least 
two  years)  are  needed  to  keep  the  work 
going.  Mr.  R,obert  Ross  is  the  hon.  secre- 
tary, and  at  15,  Vicarage  Gardens,  Kensing- 
ton, will  be  pleased  to  hear  from  any  one 
interested  in  this  rocord. 

In  the  present  portfolio  the  exquisite 
'  Countess  of  Arundol,'  by  Paul  Somers, 
reproduced  by  permission  of  the  Duko  of 
Norfolk,  is  by  far  the  most  beautiful  plate 
artistically,  representing  painting  at  that 
point  of  development  most  favourable  to 
photogravure,  when  the  close  delineator  of 
form  begins  to  take  cognizance  of  delicate 
offocts  of  aerial  perspective,  yet  still  keeps  a 
hold  on  linear  pattern  as  the  basis  of  hisdosign. 
Gainsborough's  '  Miss  Montagu,'  delicious 
also,  is  on  tho  further  sido  of  thifl  lino,  and 
holds  much  that  by  no  possibility  can  be 
suggested   in    black   and   white.     Not  alto- 


gether for  their  intrinsic  worth  (though 
they  have,  the  '  St.  John  in  Patmos '  in 
particular,  decided  merits),  the  two  "  lost " 
pictures  of  Velasquez  offered  by  Mr.  Laurie 
Frere  must  count  among  the  attractions  of 
the  collection,  as  must  also  Mr.  Edward 
Speyer's  beautiful  landscape  by  Hercules 
Seghers. 

Vasari  on  Technique.  By  Giorgio  Vasari. 
Translated  by  L.  S.  MacLehose.  Edited 
by  Prof.  G.  Baldwin  Brown.  (Dent  &  Co.) 
— The  title  of  this  book  suggests  that  it  is 
intended  for  the  use  of  artists,  whose  revived 
interest  in  the  technique  of  earlier  periods 
is  one  of  the  few  encouraging  signs  to  be 
discerned  to-day  in  the  artistic  world.  But 
the  book,  interesting  as  it  is,  is  only  to  a 
limited  degree  calculated  to  satisfy  the 
curiosity  of  which  it  is  so  welcome  a  symptom, 
and  it  would  be  even  less  satisfactory  were 
it  confined  strictly  to  the  matter  indicated 
in  its  title.  We  are  not  disposed  to  complain 
of  the  fact  that  Prof.  Baldwin  Brown  on 
technique  takes  up  almost  as  much  space  as 
Vasari,  for  thereby  the  practical  usefulness 
of  the  book  is  doubled.  The  introductions, 
the  copious  notes  and  comments  that  fill 
out  this  volume,  could  hardly  have  been 
better  done.  The  comparison  instituted  at 
the  outset  between  this  and  similar  treatises 
(such  as  those  by  Poliphilus,  Cennino 
Cennini,  Alberti,  or  Benvenuto)  is  admirably 
fitted  to  induce  a  just  estimate  of  the  nature 
and  value  of  Vasari' s  "  Introductions "  ; 
and  throughout  his  statements  are  checked, 
his  advice  compared  with  that  of  other 
authorities,  and  viewed  by  the  light  of 
modern  scientific  research.  This  is  all  done 
by  a  well-informed  critic  who  has  also  the 
rare  faculty  of  taking  an  interest  in  art  as  a 
living  thing  with  a  future  as  well  as  a  past. 
He  thus  wrings  from  the  text  the  utmost 
practical  value  that  it  possesses. 

Whether  Vasari  ever  intended  these 
introductions  to  have  much  practical  utility 
may  perhaps  be  doubted.  Indeed,  his 
manner  recalls  a  little  the  delicious  spectacle 
we  have  often  enjoyed  in  some  modern 
symposium  for  the  discussion  of  art  by  its 
practitioners — that  of  a  speaker  torn  by 
conflicting  emotions,  anxious  to  show  how 
much  he  knows,  but  not  anxious  to  give 
anything  away.  Vasari' s  dissertations  were 
indeed  probably  meant  in  part  to  give  to 
the  lay  reader  a  pleasant  sense  of  being  au 
fait  with  the  matter  in  hand,  in  part  as 
demonstrations  sufficient  to  impross  him 
with  the  complexity  of  the  subject  ;  and 
having  tho  value  of  a  flourish  of  trumpets 
announcing  the  approach  of  something 
more  interesting. 

Even  so  it  is  impossible  not  to  listen  to 
Vasari  with  rapt  attention — first,  because 
he  is  a  picturesque  and  interesting  writer  ; 
secondly,  because,  as  Prof.  Baldwin  Brown 
points  out,  the  lightest  words  are  golden 
which  come  to  us  from  those  ages  of  artistic 
achievement : — 

"We  cannot,  however,  withhold  our  admira- 
tion when  we  consider  the  copious  artistic  output 
of  the  age,  the  manifold  forms  of  resthetic  expres- 
sion, the  easy  surrender  of  the  most  intractahle 
materials  to  the  artist's  will.  As  we  read  Vasari's 
descriptions  and  recipes  the  air  all  about  us  seems 
full  of  the  noise  of  the  mason's  hammer,  the  splash 
of  plaster  on  the  wall,  the  tinkle  of  the  carver's 
chisel  against  the  marble,  the  grating  of  the 
chaser's  rasps  upon  the  bronze.  We  feel  ourselves 
spectators  of  an  organized  activity  on  a  vast  BO&le 
where  processes  are  so  well  understood  that  they 
go  on  almost  of  themselves." 

The  Petit  Trianon,  Versailles.  By  Jamos 
A.  Arnott  and  John  Wilson.  Part  II. 
(Batsford.) — Having  already,  on  tho  appoar- 
anco  of  Part  I.,  expressed  a  high  opinion 
of  the  value  of  this  work,  wo  thmmI  only 
say    that    tho    plates   now  issued    show   no 


falling  off  in  interest  or  execution.  The 
drawing  in  ink  of  the  east  wall  of  the  Small 
Salon,  though  fine,  is  not  equal  in  effect  to, 
nor  does  it  so  well  represent  the  original 
as,  the  two  in  pencil  of  similar  subjects 
in  the  first  part;  but  the  large-scale  drawings 
of  ornamental  details  are  again  especially 
good,  as  is  that  of  the  wrought-iron  newel 
at  the  foot  of  the  principal  staircase.  This 
small  piece  of  ironwork  has  now  been  illus- 
trated by  four  plates  exclusively  devoted 
to  it,  besides  appearing  on  the  smaller  scale 
drawings  of  the  entrance  hall,  a  generous 
allowance  which  shows  the  thoroughness 
with  which  the  work  is  being  carried  out. 

The  House  Beautiful  and  Useful.  By 
J.  H.  Elder-Duncan.  (Cassell  <fc  Co.) — 
While  the  object  of  this  volume,  like  that 
on  '  House  Decoration  and  Repairs,'  noticed 
by  us  on  February  8th,  is  to  advise  those 
"  faced  with  the  problem  of  decorating 
and  furnishing  a  home,"  the  standpoint 
is  somewhat  different.  The  former  was 
written  by  a  practical  designer  ;  this  is 
the  work  of  a  competent  journalist  who, 
while  not  possessing  expert  knowledge, 
has  been  brought  into  close  contact  with 
his  subject,  to  which  he  has,  moieover, 
evidently  given  a  good  deal  of  thought 
and  study.  In  matters  of  taste  it  is  a 
tolerably  safe  guide ;  and  as  it  is  freely 
illustrated  by  photographs  of  work  (often 
by  leading  architects  and  craftsmen), 
the  author  has  had  little  more  to  do 
than  point  to  the  plates  as  good  examples 
to  be  followed.  A  more  discriminating 
choice,  however,  in  the  matter  of  illus- 
trations would  have  added  greatly  to  the 
value  of  the  book.  As  it  is,  many  of  the 
pages  have  the  appearance  of  -  coming 
direct  from  trade  catalogues,  and  would 
have  been  more  suitably  placed  amongst 
those  devoted  to  advertisements.  Wherever 
possible,  the  cost  of  the  subject  illustrated 
is  mentioned,  and  approximate  estimates  are 
supplied  for  suggested  methods  of  decora- 
tion. This  is  a  useful  feature,  though  occa- 
sionally the  estimate  appears  very  low  ; 
while  it  is  incorrect  to  state  that  teak  is  a 
less  expensive  material  for  floors  than  oak. 
The  chapter  dealing  with  the  history  of 
applied  art  in  the  nineteenth  century  is 
well  written,  and  forms  a  valuable  intro- 
duction to  the  subject. 


THE    ROYAL    SOCIETY    OF    PAINTER 
ETCHERS    AND    ENGRAVERS. 

Since  this  Society  lost  some  of  its  most 
prominent  members  by  deciding  to  admit 
reproductive  etchings  to  its  exhibitions,  it 
has  fallen  a  little  short  of  offering  a  complete 
representation  of  the  original  work  of  the 
etcher  as  practised  in  England.  Among 
British  exponents  we  need  mention  only 
Mr.  Muirhead  Bono  and  Mr.  Augustus  John 
as  men  of  undoubted  ability  who  remain  out- 
side the  Society,  where  one  would  naturally 
expect  them  to  exhibit.  Paradoxical  as 
it  may  sound,  we  think  that  etching  would 
have  been  more  completely  represented 
at  this  Exhibition  had  its  rulers  when  they 
wished  to  enlarge  its  scope,  opened  their 
doors  to  other  forms  of  original  oxprossion. 
such  as  lithography  and  woodcutting,  and 
laid  stress  on  their  character  as  original 
artiste  rather  than  as  etchers.  The  wider 
range  would  have  made  possible  a  higher 
average  of  artistic  power,  and  hence  have 
given  the  Society  nn  onhancod  prestige 
ih.it  would  have  made  capable  men  moro 
keen  to  securo  election.  As  it  is,  while 
thoro  is  much  excellent  work  hero  of  a 
modest     sort,    thoro    are    few   plates    of    any 

high  degree  <>t  power  :    we"  notice  graceful 


2C6 


Tii  E    at  ii  i:nm:  i;  m 


No.  4192,  Fib.  29.  L908 


and    accomplished    performai  kral    fa* 

vigorous  |  •<  r><  mali  I 

There  i-*.  indeed,  in  the  abeenoe  of  Mr. 
Brangwyn,  %.^  I  j  *  ►  I  a  i  once  or  twice  produced 
a  plate  "i  great  power,  only  one  forceful 
and  individual  artisl  who  emerges  from  the 
creditable  level  of  tln>  better  work  on  tho 
walls.  By  sincerity,  and  obstinate  refusal 
to  flatter  tlm  public  taste,  Mr.  Robert  Spence 
has  gradually  built  up,  on  beginnings  modest 
enough,  a  very  considerable  talent.  Ho 
has  had  tho  good  fortune — rare  among 
modern  artists — to  find  subject-matter  that 
interests  him  by  its  intrinsic  significance, 
not  merely  as  an  excuse  for  technical  oxer- 

86,  and  his  illustrations  to  Georgo  Fox's 
journal  thus  have  a  sturdinoss  and  serious- 
ness which  place  him  alone  among  English 
etchers.  No  one  else  has  quite  his  homeli- 
ness, his  look  of  truth,  his  geniality.  Though 
within  smaller  limits,  this  series  of  plates 
recalls  somewhat  Men/el's  work  on  the  great 
Frederick — in  that  spirit  of  reverenco  for 
history  which  leads  an  artist  to  saturate 
himself  in  a  period  and  to  live  it  over  again 
in  imagination.  George  Fox  and  the  Ranter 
(76)  and  the  larger  George  Fox  at  Lancaster 
(86)  are  the  best  of  these  :  the  former  in 
particular  a  little  masterpiece  of  concise 
eloquence,  without  the  least  display  of 
cleverness.  In  the  latter — wherein,  in  the 
gloom  of  the  court,  the  great  Puritan  stands 
rebuking  the  giggling  assistants  with  the 
question,  "  Where  is  gravity  and  sobriety  ?  " 
— we  feel  undeniably  that  these  qualities 
were  certainly  with  the  artist,  and  in  him, 
as  in  the  simple  figure  of  the  prisoner  here 
depicted,  suffice  to  be  imposing. 

Mr.  Spence's  large  plate  The  Valkyrie  (176) 
is  not  in  a  vein  so  soberly  literal — is  more 
an  affair  of  rhetoric,  and  we  feel  that  a 
few  years  back  it  would  have  been  beyond 
the  artist's  range.  Even  now  he  is  not 
quite  sure  of  himself  in  these  more  difficult 
regions  of  imaginative  design,  but  he 
already  handles  his  theme  with  the  authority 
of  approaching  mastery.  It  needed  care 
to  carry  the  thing  through,  but  the  draughts- 
man is  fearless  and  self-reliant,  not  depending 
on  others  for  liis  design,  or  masking  weakness 
behind  swragger  ;  while  technically  the  plate 
is  rich  and  brilliant.  Clearly  here  is  an 
artist  to  be  reckoned  with  among  English 
otchers. 

The  other  meritorious  prints  now  on  view 
in  Pall  Mall  may  be  passed  in  briefer  review. 
These  comprise  such  work  as  the  three  care- 
ful and  excellent  little  plates  of  Mr.  Herman 
Webster  (6,  10,  and  12),  and  the  several 
studies  of  tumbledown  farm  buildings  by 
Miss  Constance  Pott,  of  which  The  Pigeon 
House  '  (25)  shows  most  discernment  of 
rhythm  in  apparent  disorder  ;  the  little 
building  which  gives  the  title  to  the  plate, 
and  cuts  against  the  centre  of  the  skyline, 
rather  mars  the  design.  It  might  bo  worth 
while  to  try  a  "  second  state "  with  it 
removed.  Mr.  W.  Monk's  best  plate  is 
his  Bishop's  Gate,  Londonderry  (46)  ;  while 
Sir  Charles  Holroyd's  most  satisfactory 
contributions  are  a  pleasing  study  of  a  head, 
Prisoner  (79),  and  his  small  sketches  of 
Italian  architecture.  Shipping,  Viareggio 
(106),  is  an  unusually  good  example  of  tho 
lighter  work  of  Mr.  R.  Goff. 

By  far  the  best  of  these  etchers  of  town 
subjects  is  M.  Eugene  Bejot,  but  only  one 
of  his  plates,  La  Seine  (77),  exliibits  the  top 
of  his  talent,  lus  other  work  being  a  little 
square  and  short-chopped  in  its  forms, 
and  threatening  to  become  mechanical. 
A  foil  to  such  clean  and  natty  work  is  found 
in  that  of  Mr.  Sidney  Leo,  which  tells  well 
in  an  exhibition  by  its  big,  stark  look,  but 
might  seem  a  little  dull  and  empty  when 
tried  by  the  tost  of  possession.  Miss  Mary 
Sloane's    Laura    Pendcnnis    (82)    and    the 


flower  studies  by  Miss  Am.a  Airy  liken 
di  erve  mention,  as  wii  as  the  two  richly 
coloured,  (irmly  etched  book-plates  for  -Mr. 
K.  Cyril  Lockott  (142  and  141),  wherein 
Mr.  George  Bve  handles  a  suitable  heraldic 
motive.  They  show  excellent  decorative 
fooling,  and  absolute  certainty  of  handling. 


M.    EUGENE    BEJOT    AT    MESSR& 
CONNELL    &    SONS'    GALLERY. 

A  visit  to  this  exhibition  in  Old  Bond 
Street  is  necessary  to  get  a  true  idea  of  tho 
general  oxcellenco  and  varied  charm  of  M. 
Bejot's  etchings.  With  tho  exception  of 
two  or  three  plates  of,  for  him,  mistaken 
dimensions,  he  is  almost  at  his  best  in  all 
these  works — always  clear,  delicate,  obser- 
vant, delighting  us  with  the  precision  of 
his  draughtsmanship  and  the  cleanness 
and  certainty  of  his  biting,  wherein  are 
no  accidents,  nor  unnecessary  divisions  into 
many  different  weights  of  line  without 
special  significance.  Ordor  and  clarity  are 
the  essentials  of  M.  Bejot's  art,  and  it  is 
peculiarly  fitted  to  give  the  sparkle  and 
crisp  brilliance  of  Paris — that  town  wherein, 
somewhat  to  the  mystification  of  the 
Londoner,  things  are  not  the  less  beautiful 
because  they  are  now  and  clean.  The 
picturesqueness  derived  from  accident  and 
decay,  which  in  so  much  English  drawing 
shows  itself  in  constant  indulgence  in 
ragged  and  broken  line,  has  little  place 
in  work  like  this,  which  delights  in  subtly 
balanced  law,  not  in  law  perpetually  broken 
and  obscured  by  accident.  In  some  ways 
it  recalls  Lalanne,  but  with  an  added 
brilliance  that  makes  it  more  Parisian  and 
spontaneous,  more  effervescing  and  less 
reminiscent  of  the  drawing-master. 


MR.    WILLIAM    CALLOW. 

We  regret  to  notice  the  death  at  Great 
Missenden  on  Saturday  last  of  Mr.  William 
Callow,  the  veteran  master  of  water  colour, 
who  was  born  as  long  ago  as  1812,  and 
retained  his  vigour  as  an  artist  over  an 
exceptional  period  of  activity. 

Callow  began  learning  art  at  the  age  of 
eleven,  and  left  England  to  study  in  Paris 
six  years  later,  securing  a  gold  medal  at 
the  Paris  Salon  of  1835.  He  was  Professor 
of  Water-Colour  Painting  to  Louis  Philippe's 
family  for  seven  years,  and  was  made  an 
Associate  of  the  Royal  Water- Col  our  Society 
in  1838.  He  received  an  address  from  that 
body,  commemorating  his  long  period  of 
service,  in  1902.  Fifty  years  ago  the  ad- 
mirable qualities  of  Callow's  water-colours, 
especially  in  rendering  architectural  subjects, 
were  recognized  by  the  judicious,  amateurs 
as  well  as  professional  critics,  and  virtually 
up  to  the  time  of  his  death  he  was  at  work. 
Recently  he  explained  the  secrets  of  his 
technique,  and  we  noticed  several  of  his 
latest  works  when  they  were  exhibited  at 
the  Leicester  Galleries  last  year  [Allien., 
October  19th),  describing  Callow  as  the 
oldost  member,  and  also  one  of  the  most 
modern  and  vigorous  painters,  of  the  Royal 
Water-Colour  Society.  His  drawings  rarely 
appear  to  bo  old-fashioned,  for  he  was  able 
to  forecast  the  artistic  aims  which  were  to 
occupy  his  countrymen  many  years  later. 


SALE. 
Messrs.  Chhistie  sold  last  Saturday  the  follow- 
ing. Drawings  :  T.  S.  Cooper,  Landscape,  with 
cattle  and  sheep  by  a  stroam,  54/.  C  Fielding, 
Storm  on  the  Coast,  with  shipping  off  a  jetty.  262/. 
S.  Prout,  Rouen,  89/.     P.  de  Whit,  Woody  hand 


title  by  a  rtunam  ia  the  foreground, 
llOt  Tomer,  the  Laked  Looerae:  Brunnen,  I 
Pictures:  w.  Booguereao,  An  [taUan  Mothei  and 

.  17s/.    ./.  Lian.-n,  no.,  Gathering  Fuel,  Jin/. 
W.  Shayer,  ten.,  A  Lui  tchurok, 

Hunts,  with  oothiirra.  cart,  peasant,  and  cattle, 
1061.    H.  Ilurpigin-     La  N  '  >>■'>]'. 


3finr-Ari  (Oossip. 

The     Burlington     Magazine     for     Mai 

devotos     two     articles     to     Turner  :      1  i 
Josef  Strzygowski  discusses  '  Turner's  Path 
from    Nature    to    Art,'     that    is,    from    the 
realism    of    such    pictures    as    'The   Frostv 
Morning  '  to  his  later  manner,  as  exemplify  d 
by  the  'Interior  at   Petworth  '  ;    while  Mr. 
O     S.   MacColl   describes   Turner's   work 
Professor   of   Perspective   to   the   Acaden 
as  revealed  in  the  MSS.  of  his  lectures.      Mr. 
Roger  E.  Fry  discusses  the  painters  of  North 
Italy    in    connexion     with    Mr.     Bernhard 
Berenson'a    recently    published    book,    and 
also  defonds  in  a  long  letter  the  Noo-Imp: 
sionist  paintings  at  the  New  Gallery.     Mr. 
G.    F.    Hill    disentangles    the    two    hitherto 
confused  careers  of  "  Stephen  of  Holland," 
the    medallist    and    painter,    and    Richard 
Stephens    the   stonemason,    and    clears    the 
ground  for  the  study  of  the  former  am 
work  ;     and    Prof.    C.    J.    Holmes   discusses 
two    of    Rembrandt's    landscape    drawi 
in    the    Chatsworth    collection,    which    are 
reproduced  in  facsimile.     Among  other  con- 
tributions   are    '  Early    Stained    Glass    and 
Romanesque   Arcliitecture   at    Rheims,*    by 
Mr.     Clement     Heaton  ;      '  The    Rose    and 
Crown   Hall-Mark    of    Norwich    Plate,'    by 
Mr.    H.    D.    Ellis  ;   details    of   the   Walker- 
Heneage  family  (whose  portraits  were  pub- 
lished by  Mr.  Claude  Plullips  in  the  February 
number)    by    Mr.    Algernon    Graves  ;     and 
a  description  of  the  scaffolding  of  the  Cam- 
panile of  St.  Mark's  at  Venice  by  Madame 
Alethea  Wiel.     A  note  traces  tliree  pictures 
by  Cuyp  (in  the  Brussels  Gallery,  the  Kann 
Collection,    and    the   Rijksmuseum)    to    the 
oil  study  now  on  view  at  Messrs.  Dowdes- 
well's   rooms.     The   American   section   con- 
tains   notices    of    two    paintings    formerly 
attributed  to  Hem  Met  de  Bles  ;    an  article 
on  William  Blake  bj*  Mr.  John  La  Fai g 
and  a  letter  on  Rembrandt's  knowledge  of 
mountain  scenery  by  Mr.   William  Rankin 
The    photogravure    frontispiece    gives    two 
views  of  the  Greek  statue  of  'A  Mourning 
Woman  '   recently   acquired  by  the  British 
Museum    from    Trentham,    the    date    and 
history  of  which  are  discussed  by  Mr.  Cecil 
H.  Smith. 

An  interesting  attempt  is  being  made 
by  the  Allied  Artists'  Association  (67, 
Chancery  Lane)  to  adopt  the  principles 
of  the  Salon  d'Automne  in  England,  and  to 
do  awry  altogether  with  the  Hanging  Com- 
mittee. The  list  of  "  founder  members " 
contains  the  names  of  many  who  are  pro- 
minent among  our  younger  artists.  It  is 
intended  to  hold  the  first  exhibition  in  tho 
Albert  Hall  in  July  of  this  year. 

The  'Work  of  Mr.  Walter  Sickert '  is 
the  subject  of  a  forthcoming  monograph 
by  M.  Louis  Vauxcelles  hi  the  series  dealing 
with  living  artists  published  by  Otto  Beck- 
man  of  Berlin.  Previous  volumes  have 
dealt  with  Rodin,  Hops,  and  Legrand. 

Among  the  new  Colour  Books  promised 
by  Messrs.  A.  &  C.  Black  are  '  The  Peak 
Country,'  painted  by  Mr.  W.  B.  Gardner, 
and  '  Kow  Gardens,'  painted  by  Mr.  T.  M. 
Martin.  The  text  in  each  case  will  be  by 
Mr.  A.  R.  Hope  Moncrieff. 

The  well-known  Belgian  painter  Ferdinand 
Callebert.  who  was  for  forty-seven  years  first 
professor,  and  then  Director,  of  the  Academy 


No.  4192,  Feb.  29,  1908 


THE    ATHENiEUM 


267 


at  Rouliers,  has  just  died  in  that  city  in  his 
seventy-seventh  year.  He  studied  art  at 
Antwerp,  where  he  won  in  1857  the  Second 
Prix  de  Rome  for  '  L' Empire  romain  et  le 
Cliristianisme.'  He  made  a  speciality  of 
religious  subjects,  and  examples  of  his  work 
(mostly  large  pictures)  are  to  be  found  in 
many  Belgian  churches. 

M.  Gaston  Prunier  has  an  exhibition, 
4  Les  Vues  de  la  Tamise,'  at  the  Galerie 
Allard,  Paris,  which  includes  pictures  of  all 
the  London  bridges  from  the  Tower  to 
Lambeth. 

One  of  the  veterans  of  French  art,  M. 
Charles  Brun,  passed  away  a  few  days  ago 
at  the  age  of  eighty.  He  was  a  native  of 
Montpellier,  and  won  a  medal  at  the  Salon 
in  1868.  He  studied  under  Picot  and 
Cabanel,  and  collaborated  with  the  latter  in 
a  picture  called  '  L'  Tmprovisateur  arabe,' 
now  in  the  Rockefeller  Collection.  For 
many  years  his  portraits  and  Oriental  scenes 
were  a  feature  of  the  Salon,  and  one  of  his 
pictures  of  Constantinople,  '  L'Aveugle  au 
Bazar,'  at  the  Salon  of  1883,  secured  high 
praise  from  About  in  his  '  Quinze  Journ6es 
au  Salon.'  Brun  ceased  to  exhibit  some 
years  ago. 

The  well-known  painter  and  illustrator 
Paul  Thumann,  whose  death  is  announced 
from  Berlin,  was  born  in  1834,  and  after 
completing  his  training  as  an  artist  was 
appointed  professor  at  the  Art  School  at 
Weimar.  From  there  he  went  to  Dresden, 
and  in  1875  became  professor  at  the  Berlin 
Academy  of  Arts.  His  illustrations  to 
*  Enoch  Arden,'  Chamisso's  '  Frauonliebe 
und  Leben,'  Wolff's  '  Rattonfiinger  von 
Hameln,'  &c,  were  extremely  popular  in 
Germany.  He  painted  historical  pictures, 
including  scenes  from  Luther's  life  for  the 
Wartburg  ;  but  he  is  best  known  by  his 
genre  pictures  and  studies  of  fomale  heads. 

The  death,  at  the  age  of  sixty-three, 
is  reported  from  Diisseldorf  of  the  historical 
painter  Peter  Janssen.  He  was  appointed 
professor  at  the  Diisseldorf  Academy  in 
the  seventies,  and  took  a  vigorous  part  in 
introducing  some  necessary  reforms.  He 
was  realistic  in  his  methods,  but  by  no  means 
an  imprassionist,  and  insisted  on  accuracy 
in  drawing.  Among  his  best-known  works 
are  frescoes  in  the  Aula  at  Diisseldorf,  in 
the  University  of  Marburg,  and  at  Elberfeld. 

The  Canadian  Art  Club  held  their  first 
annual  exhibition  in  Toronto  from  the  4th 
to  the  17th  of  this  month. 

Tlie  Antiquary  for  March  will  include  the 
following  articles  :  an  account  of  the  famous 
destroyed  Cistercian  Abbey  of  the  Dunes, 
by  Veuren  in  West  Flanders,  under  the 
title  of  '  Tho  Abbey  of  St.  Mary  of  the 
Sandhills,'  by  Mr.  J.  Tavenor  -  Perry  ; 
'  Curious  Carvings  from  an  Old  House  in 
Derby,'  by  Mr.  G.  Bailey  (illustrated)  ; 
'  A  Pro-Reformation  Book  of  Ecclesiastical 
Precedents,'  by  Mr.  A.  Percival  Moore  ; 
'  Striking  a  Bargain,'  by  Mr.  G.  P.  Gordon  ; 
an  illustrated  appreciation  of  Mr.  Walter 
Jerrold's  '  Highways  and  Byways  in  Kent '  ; 
and  an  historical  sketch  by  Mr.  J.  A.  Lovat 
Fraser  of  '  Tho  Anti-Scottish  Outbreak  in 
tho  Eighteenth  Century.' 

We  have  already  mentioned  tho  Georgian 
Society,  which  was  inaugurated  at  a  largo 
meeting  hold  last  week  in  Dublin  in  the 
house  of  the  Royal  Irish  Academy.  Its 
object,  as  Dr.  Mahaffy  explained,  is  to 
photograph  or  draw  tho  beat  of  the  remaining 
specimens  of  oiglitoonth-contury  house  ar<ln 
tecture  in  Dublin.  That  city  possessed 
a  famous  school  of  decorators,  who  worked 
from  English  or  Italian  models,  but  after 
their  own  fashion.  "  Adam  "  houses  in 
Dublin  aro  as  distinctive  as  Irish  plato  of  ' 


the  same  century.  It  is  proposed  that  the 
members  of  the  new  Society  shall  receive, 
in  return  for  their  annual  subscription  of 
one  guinea,  a  copy  of  the  illustrated  volume 
wherein  ceilings,  doorways,  mantelpieces, 
&c,  will  be  reproduced.  It  is  calculated 
that  the  Society  can  complete  its  labours, 
and  bo  dissolved,  in  three,  or  at  most  five, 
years,  unless  it  is  so  well  supported  as  to 
make  the  production  of  an  additional 
volume  desirable. 


EXHIBITIONS. 

Sit  (Feb.  291.— Gay  Gardens   under  Sunny  Skies,  Water-Colours   by 
Beatrice  Parsons,  Dowdeswell  Galleries. 
_       Some  English  Castles  and  other  Drawings  by  H.  Bellingham 
Smith,  Private  View,  Fine-Art  Society. 

—  Surrey  Art  Circle,  Annual  Exhibition,  Private  View,    New 

Dudley  Gallery. 

—  TJnframed  Sketches,  Realistic  and  Ideal,  by  Artists  of  To-day, 

Press  View,  Little  Gallery  van  Brakel. 

—  Water-Colours  by  Hugh  L.  Norris,  Private  View,   Fine-Art 

Society. 

—  Woodcuts,  Engravings,  and  Etchings  by  Diirer,  Rembrandt, 
and  others,  Mr.  Gutekunst's  Gallery. 

Water-Colours  by  Alfred  W.  Rich,  Press  View,  New  English 
Art  Club. 


MUSIC 


Mon. 


OUR  LIBRARY  TABLE. 
Hugo  Wolf.  By  Ernest  Newman. 
(Methuen  &  Co.)— Schubert  died  in  1828, 
but  it  was  not  until  1861  that  an  attempt 
— and  that  a  small  one — was  made  to  write 
his  biography.  Wolf  died  only  four  years 
ago,  and  already,  in  addition  to  various 
reminiscences  and  critical  essays,  we  have 
a  stout  volume  dealing  with  his  life  and 
works.  Like  Schubert's,  his  life  was  short, 
and,  from  a  worldly  point  of  view,  unsuccess- 
ful :  and,  like  Schumann's,  his  closing  years 
were  darkened  by  mental  disease.  Mr. 
Newman  tells  the  story  of  his  uneventful 
career  in  simple,  sympathetic  words.  The 
pages  in  which  our  author  discusses  his 
art-work  are,  however,  those  which  princi- 
pally concern  us.  He  has  no  hesitation 
in  placing  Wolf  "  at  the  head  of  the  song- 
writers of  the  world."  Only  those  who 
"  come  to  him  with  a  pro- formed  conception 
of  the  song  as  an  exquisite  melody  for  the 
voice  thrown  hi  to  high  relief  against  a  piano- 
forte accompaniment,  that  is  often  of  no 
particular  significance  in  itself,  will  rank 
Wolf  below  Schubert."  But  is  it  fair,  we 
ask,  thus  to  sum  up  Schubert's  art-work  in 
the  department  of  song  ?  Is  it  fair  to  sa3^ 
that  Wolf  gave  to  the  pianoforte  "  a  signifi- 
cance it  had  never  previously  had  in  the 
whole  history  of  the  song "  ?  And  onco 
more,  our  author  feels  it 

N<  hardly  an  exaggeration  to  say  that  whatever 
poem  he  [Wolf]  took  up  he  set  once  for  all ;  if  he 
set  it  for  the  first  time,  we  feel  that  no  one  else 
need  hope  to  do  it  better  ;  and  if  he  set  it  after 
other  men,  he  put  them  all  into  a  position  of  more 
or  less  hopeless  inferiority." 
It  is  useless  to  reason  with  a  writer  who  is 
so  enamoured  of  his  idol.  Fortunately, 
however,  towards  the  end  of  tho  volume, 
we  find  him  uttering  more  sober  words. 
The  passage  deserves  quotation  : — 

"  His  songs  at  any  rate  will  endure.  The  flaws 
there  are  in  all  artistic  work  will  become  visible  in 
them  in  time,  especially  when  the  next  great 
singer  shall  arrive  who  will  complete  Wolf  as  he 
completed  his  predecessors ;  but  the  mass  of 
them  are  sure  of  immortality." 

Mr.  Newman  has  evidently  seriously 
studiod  his  subject,  and  when  pointing  out 
tho  characteristics  of  Wolf's  songs — which 
all  who  aro  acr|unintod  with  them  recognize 
— and  even  when  discussing  the  songs  of 
Schubert  and  Schumann,  ho  is  far  more 
reasonable  than  one  would  expect  from 
the  sentences  first  quoted.  It  is,  on  <lm 
whole,  nu  interesting  and  instructive  book, 
and  certain  hyperbolic  praise  may  perhaps 
bo  forgiven,  for,  though  the  author  shows 
excessive  zeal,  it  is  not  without  knowledge. 


There  are  two  good  chapters  on  '  The 
Miscellaneous  Works '  and  '  The  Operas,' 
and  a  useful  list  of  Wolf's  published  com- 
positions. This  volume  is  the  first  of  a 
series  entitled  "  The  New  Library  of  Music," 
to  be  edited  by  Mr.  Newman. 


iHwstcal  (gossip. 

Mr.  Thomas  Beecham  began  this  week 
a  series  of  five  orchestral  concerts  with  the 
New  Symphony  Orchestra.  The  interesting 
programmes  contain  works  by  Mess's.  Gran- 
ville Bantock,  W.  H.  Bell,  Frederick  Delius, 
Joseph  Holbrooke,  and  V.  Williams.  The 
following  foreign  composers  will  be  repre- 
sented :  Dvorak,  Smetana,  Cornelius,  De- 
bussy, Max  Schillings,  Cesar  Franck,  and 
Gabriel  Faure.  Mozart's  name  appears 
twice  in  the  programmes  :  to  the  fine  Piano- 
forte Concerto  in  c  minor,  with  Ernst 
Lengyel  as  pianist,  and  the  Symphony  in 
c  major  (No.  36). 

The  Brussels  Quartet  appeared  at 
the  ninth  Broadwood  Concert  last  Thursday 
week,  and  gave  an  admirable  rendering 
of  a  quartet  by  Borodin,  the  composer's 
first  in  A  major.  The  music  of  the  first  and 
last  movements  is  in  different  ways  interest- 
ing, but  the  Andante,  with  its  sudden 
changes  of  moods  and  mystic  fugato  section, 
and  the  irresistible  Scherzo,  are  the  most 
romantic  sections  of  the  work.  As  for  the 
interpretation  of  this  Scherzo,  nothing  could 
have  been  cleaner  or  crisper. 

Mr.  Robert  Newman  informs  us  that 
the  performance  of  extracts  from  Strauss's 
'Salome'  advertised  for  March  19th  has 
been  postponed,  owing  to  unforeseen  diffi- 
culties having  arisen  with  the  Genossen- 
schaft  Deutscher  Tonsetzer. 

An  interesting  concert  in  memory  of 
Edvard  Grieg  was  recently  given  at  Copen- 
hagen, for  the  programme  consisted  of  a 
quartet  for  strings,  some  Lieder,  and  piano- 
forte pieces,  which  the  composer  lost,  but 
which  were  found  after  his  death  by  his 
widow.  According  to  German  papers,  they 
are  in  themselves  of  value,  apart  from  tho 
curiosity  which  was  naturally  excited  by 
the  story  of  their  loss  and  recovery. 

Salvator  Castrone,  Marquis  de  la 
Rajata,  the  husband  of  Madame  Mathilde 
Marchesi,  died  on  the  20th  inst.  at  the  ripe 
ago  of  eighty-six.  He  studied  under  Garcia, 
and  made  his  debut  in  London  nearly  sixty 
years  ago. 

PKRFORMANCES  NEXT  WEEK. 
Sin.       Concert,  a  no.  Albert  Hall. 

—  Sunday  Society  Concert,  ^  sn.  Queen's  Hull. 

—  Sandfly  League  Concert.  7.  Queen's  Hall. 
MoaT.      London  Svm]»hony  Orchestra,  8,  Queen's  Hall. 

Tors.     Busoni  and   Arrieo  Nerato's  Pianoforte  and  Violin    Rental, 
8.16,  Bechsteln  Hall. 

—  Afternoons  with  Brahms,  4  an,  Lcightnn  House. 

—  Miss  Dorothea  Walenu'i  Orchestral  Concert,  •»  IS,  £olian  Hall 

—  Miss  Kthel  Berry's  Pianoforte  Rental.  8.30,  Steinway  Hall. 

—  Hcuedils's  Subscription  Concert,  8  SO,  .Kolian  Hall. 
Win.  Wesselv  Quartet.  3,  Bechsteln  Hall. 

—  Royal  Choral  Society,  'The  Bream  '  s,  Albert  Hall, 
Tin  us.  Brussels  Strine  Quart*  t.  8,  Bechltein  Hall. 

—  Westminster  Orchestral  Concert,  B,  Kensington  Town  Hall. 

—  Brondwood  Concert,  ASolian  Hall,  s  ;tn. 
Fin.  Bohemian  Concert,  tf.  Queen's  Hall. 

—  London  Trio.  N  an.  .V,..lian  Hall. 

Sat.       ChannoH's  Ballad  Concert,  2  10,  Queen's  Ball 

—  Brintmead't  Chamhet  Concert  5.15,  CaTendlsh  Rooms, 


DRAMA 


THE   WEEK. 

SllAFTi'.sr.ruv.  The  Sicilian  Players  in 
'  Malia,'  by  Capuava,  '  Tai  Figlia  di 
Jorio?  by  D'Annunzio ;  and  Mortt 
( '/r/.c,'  by  Oiacometti. 

At  the    Shaftesbury   can   be  seen   crowds 

thai  are  made  up  ox  every  class  of  English 
playgoers,  watoning  with  rapt  interest  a 
troop  <>f  continental — nay,  local — actors 


•>gs 


T  II  E     A  T  H  E  N  M  U  M 


No.  4102,  Feb.  29,  1908 


while     they     present     a     scries    of     Tillage 

tragedies  or  tragi-oomediee  in  an  un- 
familiar dialect.  There  can  be  no  doubt 
about  the  general  competence  of  the 
company  ;  there  can  be  none  about  the 
genius  of  its  two  leadens,  Signor  Grasso 
and  Signora  Mimi  Agnglia..  Their  plays 
turn  for  the  most  part  on  the  local  customs 
and  ceremonies,  the  superstitions  and 
elemental  emotions  of  the  people  of 
Sicily  ;  and  the  strength  of  the  players 
lies  in  the  realistic  intensity  with  which 
they  depict  the  throes  of  primitive  passion. 
Metaphors  taken  from  the  behaviour  of 
wild  beasts  or  the  eruptions  of  vol- 
canic Nature  seem  needed  to  do  justice 
to  their  representation  of  the  transports 
of  love  or  the  frenzy  of  hate.  Study 
Signora  Aguglia's  Lana  in  '  Malia  '  fling- 
ing herself  on  her  lover,  uttering  strange 
animal  cries,  and  then  collapsing  in  an 
hysterical  seizure  of  the  most  distressing 
kind  ;  see  the  actress  again,  as  the  witch 
of  D'Annunzio's  play,  wriggling,  fighting, 
snarling,  screaming ;  and  though  such 
performances  may  disconcert  you  or 
set  you  inquiring  as  to  the  limitations  of 
art,  you  can  but  describe  them  as  wonder- 
ful alike  in  the  range  of  emotion  they  show 
and  in  their  effects  on  the  nerves  of  the 
spectators. 

Signor  Grasso's  finest  opportunity  came 
in  the  revival  of  '  Morte  Civile,'  where  as 
Corrado,  the  escaped  convict  who  finds 
that  his  death  will  benefit  his  wife 
and  daughter,  he  commits  suicide  by 
taking  *  strychnine.  Praise  of  Signor 
Grasso's  interpretation  would,  to  be 
adequate,  have  to  deal  in  superlatives. 
Alike  in  the  fourth  and  fifth  acts  his 
command  of  pathos  is  astonishing.  In 
this  instance  he  has  gone  outside  the 
mere  repertory  of  Sicily,  and  tried  con- 
clusions with  a  great  tragedian  of 
the  past,  for  this  was  a  favourite  cha- 
racter of  Salvini.  We  have  yet  to  see 
Signora  Aguglia  in  the  classical  parts 
which  we  associate  with  the  names  of 
Duse  and  Bernhardt. 


New. — Matt  of  Merrymount  :  a  Romantic 
Play  in  Four  Acts.  By  B.  M.  Dix 
and  E.  G.  Sutherland. 

Inasmuch  as  the  bulk  of  our  playgoing 
public  remains  in  a  state  of  pupilage, 
and  therefore  demands,  like  a  child,  that 
in  any  "  make-believe  "  in  which  it  is  to 
share  life  shall  be  dressed  in  the  mas- 
querade of  romance  and  be  subject  to 
the  laws  of  sentiment,  we  shall  always 
have  on  our  stage  drama  of  the  ingenuous 
type  to  which  '  Matt  of  Merrymount ' 
belongs.  Of  that  type  it  is  not  a  bad 
specimen,  though  few  plays  of  its  class 
have  made  more  extravagant  demands 
upon  the  credulity  of  an  audience. 
Still,  its  seventeenth-century  pictures  of 
New  England  Puritanism  and  outlawry 
are  calculated  to  please  unsophisticated 
tastes.  A  peer's  grandson  who  figures 
for  a  while  as  a  leader  of  Massachusetts 
bandits,  but  ultimately  wipes  out  his 
offences  against  law  and  order  by  succeed- 
ing to  the  family  title,  makes  just  those 
brave  speeches,  and  commits  just  those 


foolish  actions,  which  delight  tin-  devotees 
of  melodrama.  The  two  ladies  to  Ifhose 
riotous  imagination  the  play  is  due  owe 
a  debt  to  their  interpreters — to  Miss  Alice 
Crawford,  who  has  only  to  learn  control  of 
her  voice  to  make  an  acceptable  heroine 
of  popular  drama  ;  to  Miss  Miriam  Lewes, 
an  a<t less  with  an  emotional  sensibility 
out  of  the  ordinary  ;  and  above  all  to  Mr. 
Fred  Terry,  whose  geniality  of  manner 
and  charm  of  diction  have  rarely  been 
more  happily  displayed  than  in  the 
character  of  Matt  the  outlaw. 


Dramatic  (gossip. 

At  the  Playhouse  Mr.  Cyril  Maude  lias 
revived  that  admirable  adaptation  from  the 
French,  '  Fido,'  which  wo  noticed  on  Decem- 
ber 7th.  Mr.  Maude  excels  himself  in  the 
character  of  the  browbeaten  City  clerk  who 
only  asserts  himself  in  the  last  act  against  the 
tyranny  of  an  old  school  friend,  vigorously 
played  by  Mr.  C.  V.  France.  Miss  Winifred 
Emery  is  well  suited  as  the  wife,  and  the  sole 
blot  on  the  play  is  the  unconvincing  solution 
of  the  love  interest. 

Miss  Lena  Ashwell  is  to  give  some  time 
in  March,  at  the  Kingsway  Theatre,  a  testi- 
monial performance  to  Mrs.  John  Billington. 
A  programme  furnished  entirely  by  actresses 
is  contemplated,  and  already  many  leading 
names  have  been  secured. 

The  new  Theatre  Royal  at  Stockholm 
was  opened  with  great  ceremony  on  the 
18th  inst.,  the  play  being  Strindberg's 
'  Master  Olaf.' 


To  Correspondents.—  A.  L.— T.  R.  H.— C.  B.— C.  P.— 

Received.     M.  L. — Many  thanks. 

No  notice  can  be  taken  of  anonymous  communications. 

We  cannot  undertake  to  reply  to  inquiries  concerning  the 
appearance  of  reviews  of  books. 

We  do  not  undertake  to  give  the  value  of  books,  china, 
pictures,  Ac. 


T     H     E  ATHENiEUM. 

SCALE  OF  CHARGES  FOR  ADVERTISEMENTS 

£    s.   d. 

5  Lines  of  Pearl 0    3    6 

75     (Half-Column) 1  16    0 

A  Column 330 

A  Page       990 

Auctions  and  Public  Institutions,  Five  Lines  4*.,  and  Srf.  per  line  of 

Pearl  type  beyond. 

IN  TEE  MEASUREMENT  OF  ADVERTISEMENTS.  CARE 

SHOULD  BE  TAKEN  TO  MEASURE  FROM 

RULE   TO  RULE. 

Advertisements  across  Two  Columns,  one-third  extra  beyond  the 

space  occupied,  the  first  charge  being  30*. 

JOHN  C.  FRANCIS  and  J.  EDWARD  FRANCIS. 
The  Athenaeum  Office,  Bream's  Buildings,  Chancery  Lane,  London,  E.C. 


INDEX  TO  ADVERTISERS. 

FAOK 

Arnold 271 

Authors'  Agents       243 

Bagster  A  Sons         270 

Bell  &  Sons 268 

Blackwood  A  Sons 269 

Cambridge  University  Press 243 

Chapman  A  Hali 245 

Catalogues        242 

Constable  A  Co 246 

Educational 841 

Exhibitions       241 

(i inn  A  Co 270 

Harper  &  Bros 271 

Heinemann        244 

hukst  a  blackett 246 

Lfxtures 241 

Macmillan  A  Co 246 

Magazines,  Ac 243 

Miscellaneous 242 

Nash         244 

Notes  &  Queries      270 

Oxford  University  Press         272 

Provident  Institutions 241 

Sales  by  Auction 242 

Situations  Vacant 241 

Situations  Wanted 242 

Smith,  Elder  A  Co 244 

Stanford 271 

Type-writers,  Ac 242 


MESSRS.  BELL'S 

BOOKS. 


Crown  Svo,  6c   j,.-t. 

DECORATIVE    HERALDRY. 

A  Practical  Handbook  of  its 

Artistic  Treatment. 

By  G.  \V.   KVE. 

With    about    200    Illustrations. 

New  and  Revised  Edition. 

"This  volume  is  worthy  of  a  place  in  the  library  of  all 
artists  who  devote  some  attention  to  the  applied  arts." 

Studio. 
"  He  treats  his  subject  with  a  width  as  well  as  a  depth  of 
knowledge  that  renders  this  volume  amongst  all  modern 
writings  the  treatise  on  heraldry  par  excellence  for  artists." 

Magazine  of  Art.  ~ 

HANDBOOKS  OF  THE  GREAT  MASTERS 
IN  PAINTING  AND  SCULPTURE. 

CHEAPER  REISSUE. 

With  40  Full-Page  Illustrations  and  a  Photogravure 
Frontispiece.     Post  8vo,  3*.  6d.  net  each. 

24  VOLUMES  ALREADY  PUBLISHED. 
READY  MARCH  4. 

CARLO  CRIYELLI. 

By  G.  MCNEIL  RUSHFOKTH,  M.A. 

MANTEGNA. 

By  MAUD  CRUTTWELL. 

MICHAEL  ANGELO. 

By  LORD  RONALD  SUTHERLAND-GOWER,  M.A. 

SODOMA. 

By  the  COUNTESS  A  LORENZO  PRIULI-BON. 
Write  for  Illustrated  Prospectus. 

BOHN'S    LIBRARIES. 

"The  new  series  of  Bonn's  Libraries,  on  which 
judicious  book-buyers  have  long  learned  to  keep  a 
careful  eye. "—  Athen.*:um. 

NEW   VOLUMES. 

3  vols.     Small  crown  Svo,  3s.  6d.  each. 

RANKE'S   HISTORY   OF   THE    POPES 
DURING  THE  LAST  FOUR  CENTURIES 

Translated  by  E.  FOSTER.    New  and  Revised  Edition, 
with  considerable  Additions. 

.*  This  edition  has  lieen  mixed  throughout  bu  the  latent 
German  edition*,  the  chapters  on  Pius  IX.  and  the  Vatican 
Council  have  been  translated  for  the  first  time,  and  a  neic 
and  very  full  Judex  has  been  added. 

6  vols.    3s.  6<f.  each. 

DYER'S  HISTORY  of  MODERN  EUROPE 

From  the  Fall  of  Constantinople. 

Third  Edition.  Revised  and  Continued  to  the  End  of  the 
Nineteenth  Century.     By  ARTHUR  HASSALL,  M.A. 
"  For  the  general  reader,   and  even  for  the  historical 
student  who  is  content  with  anything  short   of  original 
research,  Dyer's  book  is  indispensable." 

St.  James's  Gazette. 

Small  post  Svo,  3*.  6d. 

MIGNET'S  HISTORY  OF  THE  FRENCH 
REVOLUTION,  from  1789  to  1814. 

"  Misnet's  striking  if  not  wholly  impartial  history  of  the 
Revolution— perhaps  the  best  short  history'-"— Athentevm. 

small  post  Svo,  5s. 

LUCRETIUS.     A  Prose  Translation. 

By   H.   A.   J.   MUNRO.       Reprinted   from  the   Final 

(Fourth)  Edition.       With   an  Introduction  by  J.    D. 

DUFF,  M.A. 

"  It  is  not  only  a  most  faithful  rendering  of  the  original 

but  a  remarkable  literary  achievement,     Munro's  edition, 

and  still  more,  his  translation,  are  not  superseded,  and  it 

is  probable  that  they  never  can  be.     For  power  of  thought 

united  with  power  of  style  will  secure  the  permanence  of  nis 

work."— Mr.  Duff's  Introduction. 

V  The  latest  Catalogue  of  the  Libraries,  now  numbering 
upwards  of  SIX)  volumes  in  all  departments  of  Literature,  irili 
be  sent  on  application.     

London:     GEORGE    BELL    &     SONS, 
York  House,  Portugal  Street,  W.C. 


No.  4192,  Feb.  29,  1908 


THE    ATHEN^UM 


269 


WM.    BLACKWOOD    &    SONS. 


IMMEDIATELY. 

POEMS. 

BY 

DULCIBELLA  ETHEL  GREY. 

With  a  Prefatory  Note  by 
H.    CHOLMONDELEY    PENNELL. 

Beautifully  bound  in  half-vellum,  7s.  6d.  net, 
and  full  vellum,  12s.  6d.  net. 

A  HISTOEY  OF  THE 
1900  PARLIAMENT 

Vol.  I. 

BY 

JAMES  F.  HOPE. 

7s.  6d.  net. 

THE   TACTICS    OF 
HOME  DEFENCE. 

BY 

Col.  C.  E.  CALLWELL,  C.B., 

With  Plans  and  Diagrams. 
3s.  6d.  net. 

SIGNIFICANT 
ETYMOLOGY. 

BY 

JAMES  MITCHELL,  D.D. 

7s.  6d.  net. 

STEPHENS'  BOOK 
OF  THE  FARM. 

BY 

JAMES  MACDONALD,  F.R.S.E. 

Fifth    Edition.      Revised  and   largely  rewritten. 
With  700  Illustrations  and  Animal  Portraits. 

In  Six   Divisional  Volumes  at  10s.  6d.  each; 

or  Three  Volumes  of  over  500  pages  each, 

price  One  Guinea  per  Vol. 

Fibst  Divisional  Voi.imk  Ready  Fbb.  1,  1908. 

Subsequent  Divisional  Volumes  at  Intervals  of 
three  months. 


THE    SEASON'S    SUCCESS. 


MR.  EDWARD  NOBLE'S  NOVEL. 

THE 

GRAIN  CARRIERS. 

A    THIRD   EDITION    NOW  READY 

"His  descriptions  of  the  sea  are  done  with  a 
master  hand." — Daily  Mail. 

"May  be  described  as  •  The  Jungle '  of  the  sea." 

Daily  Telegraph. 
"A  real  book  from  beginning  to  end." 

Times  Lit.  Supplement. 
' '  An  enthralling  story. " — Daily  Graphic. 
"  Eloquent,  picturesque,  dramatic." 

Manchester  Despatch. 
"Moving  and  enthralling." — Glasgow  News. 
"  A  very  notable  work." — Morning  Leader. 
' '  Mr.    Noble's    realism    has   the  fascination   of 
romance." — N.  Whig. 
"  Of  absorbing  interest." 

Bristol  Times  and  Mirror. 
"  Throbs  and  pulsates  with  the  life  of  which  he 
tells." — Manchester  City  Neios. 

"  The  author  paints  so  vividly  that  we  are  com- 
pletely fascinated." — Westminster  Gazette. 
"  Mercilessly  vivid." — Dundee  Advertiser. 
"  A  novel  of  poetry  and  poignancy." 

Sheffield  Independent. 
"It  is  years  since  we  have  read  anything  more 
convincing. " — Sheffield  Telegraph. 

"  Has  the  very  spirit  of  the  sea  in  every  page." 

Observer. 
"An   epic   of  heroism,    with  a  dirge-like  note 
running  through  its  splendid  texture." 

Daily  Chronicle. 

THE 

GRAIN  CARRIERS. 

THIRD    EDITION. 

6S. 

By  EDWARD  NOBLE. 

A  CURTAIN  OF  CLOUD. 

By  Major  C.  SILLERY. 

' '  Worth  reading  on  account  of  the  truth  and 
strength  of  local  colour." — "  A  delightfully  bright 
and  captivating  story." — "  A  notable  novel." 
68. 

A   MODERN  ANTIQUE. 

By  RICCARDO  NOBILI. 

"  The  romance  as  it  unfolds  increases  in  fascina- 
tion." 
6s. 

INDIA'S    SAINT   AND    THE 
VICEROY. 

By  S.  S.  THORNBURN. 
6s. 


BLACKWOOD 

for    MARCH. 
The  Second  Degree.    By  "  Ole  Luk-Ole." 

Memories  of  London  in  the  'Forties.— II. 

By  David  Masson. 

The  Fly  on  the  Wheel.— Chaps.  22-26. 

By  Katherine  Cecil  Thurston. 

A  Priestess  of  the  Nine. 

By  J.  H.  Lobban. 

In  Rajputana.  By  Edmund  Candler. 

Drake:  An  English  Epic— Book  TO. 

By  Alfred  Notes. 

American  Literature. 

By  Charles  Whibley. 

The  Irreconcilables  of  Yaghistan. 
Musings  without  Method. 

John  Law  of  Lauriston — Economist  and 
Gambler — A  Duel  and  its  Consequences — 
A  Campaign  in  Scotland — The  Friendship 
of  the  Regent — Law's  Bank  founded  in 
Paris — The  Mississippi  Scheme — Yictory 
and  Ruin— Un  Episode— A  Popular  Univer- 
sity in  Paris. 

Fool  Gunnery  in  the  Navy. — II. 

By  St.  Barbara. 

The  Third  Session. 

ANNOUNCEMENTS. 

4  NOVELS  READY  IMMEDIATELY. 
A  PROPHETS  REWARD. 

By  E.  H.  STRAIN. 

THE    TRANCE. 

By  RACHEL  SWETE  MACNAMARA. 

CLANBRAE  :    a    Golfing  Idyll. 

By  PENTLAND  PEILE. 

GILBERT     HERMER. 


Bv  CHARLES  MASEFIELD. 


THE     FLY    ON     THE     WHEEL, 

MRS.    THURSTON'S    NEW    NOVEL,    on    MARCH    12. 

6s. 


WM.  BLACKWOOD  &  SONS,  Edinburgh  and  London. 


-To 


T  H  E     ATHEN^UM 


No.  4102,  Feb.  20,  1908 


FROM 

GINN    &   COMPANY'S 

L  1  S  T. 


LETTERS    OF    THE 

WORDSWORTH  FAMILY. 

Edited  by  WILLIAM  KNIGHT,  LL.D. 

3  vols,   cloth,    164(5  pages,  boxed, 

£1  lis.  6d.  net. 

The  collection  comprises  more  than  nine  hundred 

letters,  many  of  which  are  here  first  printed.  The 
prefatory  introduction  will  he  a  revelation  and  an 
interesting  addition  to  Wordsworthiana.  It  is 
practically  a  new  life  of  the  poet. 


THE 


DEVELOPMENT  OF  MODERN 

EUROPE  DURING  THE 
LAST  TWO  HUNDRED  YEARS. 

An  Introduction  to  Current  History. 

JBy  JAMES    HARVEY   ROBINSON    and 

CHARLES  A.  BEARD. 
These  volumes  will  meet  the  demand  for  a  his- 
tory of  recent  times  which  shall  explain  the  social 
and  economic,  as  well  as  the  political  development 
of  our  own  age,  and  shall  also  prepare  the  student 
to  understand  the  great  problems  of  the  world  in 
which  he  finds  himself. 

Vol.  I.    The    Eighteeenth    Century,   The 
French    Revolution,    and    the    Napoleonic 

Period.     374  pages.     6«.  Gd. 

Vol.  II.    Europe    since  the    Congress    of 

Vienna.     433  pages.     6s.  Gd. 


GINN  &  CO.  9,  St.  Martin's  Street,  W.C. 


fPO 


AUTHORS     AND     JOURNALISTS. 


The  Writer,  whether  he  aspires  to  write  Novels,  Short 
Stories,  or  Articles,  often  spends  years  in  uncongenial  work, 
rebuffs  and  drudgery  being  the  only  return  for  time  and 
labour  spent. 

The  "Success"  Course  of  Literary  Training,  promoted 
by  the  Literary  Correspondence  College,  teaches  the 
aspirant  to  serve  his  apprenticeship  to  Literature  in  the 
briefest  time  possible.  The  Lessons  are  written  by  a  well- 
known  Novelist  whose  name  and  work  are  world-famous. 

For  full  particulars,  write  at  once  for  Pamphlet  H.B. 
to  the  LITERARY  CORRESPONDENCE  COLLEGE, 
e,  Arundel  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 


THIRST    LESSONS    IN     STORY  -  WRITING. 

By    BARRY    PAIN. 

2*-.  M.  net. 

Sent  post  free  by  the  Publishers,  The  Literary  Corre- 
spondence College,  for  2s.  8cf. 

Of  this  work  the  Westminster  Gazette  writes:  "The 
beginner  who  takes  these  lessons  to  heart  may  be  quite 
assured  of  an  advantage  over  his  competitors." 


M 


E  S  S  R  S. 


&.       T.       CLARK 


Have  pleasure  in  announcing  that  they  have 
opened  SHOWROOMS  at 


14,     PATERNOSTER     SQUARE,     E.C., 

where  all  their  important  publications  (including  the  great 
Bible  Dictionaries  edited  by  Dr.  Hastings)  may  be  seen 
and  examined  in  quietness  and  comfort.  They  extend  a 
cordial  invitation  to  all  Clergymen  and  Students  of  Theo- 
logical Literature  in  Loudon  and  district  to  visit  those 
rooms,  where  they  will  receive  every  attention. 
Edinburgh.  February,  1908. 

NOW  READY. 
THE 

XTEWSPAPER    PRESS    DIRECTORY    AND 

X>  ADVERTISERS'  GUIDE,  1908. 

SIXTY-THIRD  ANNUAL  ISSUE,  B87  paged,  b.  (Itf  post,  2*.  6d.), 
Including  Newspaper  Map  of  United  Kingdom. 
Full    particulars    of    all    British    Newspapers, 
Magazine*.   Ac.     Special  Colonial  and   Foreign 
Lists     Exclusive  Articles  for  Advertisers  and 

Exporters. 

Tiiiuw  says  -.—"The  standard  work  of  reference." 

Publishers  :-('.  MITCHELL  &  CO.. 

1  and  2,  Snow  Hill,  Holborn  Viaduct,  London,  E.C. 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


GENERAL   INDEXES. 


TEE  FOLLOWING  ARE  STILL  IN 

STOCK.— 

£     8.     d. 
GENERAL  INDEX, 

FOURTH  SERIES     .330 

GENERAL  INDEX, 

SIXTH  SERIES         ..060 

GENERAL  INDEX, 

SEVENTH  SERIES  .-060 


GENERAL  INDEX, 
EIGHTH  SERIES 


0    6    0 


For  Copies  by  post  an  additional  Three- 
pence is  charged. 


JOHN  C.  FRANCIS  &  J.  EDWARD  FRANCIS, 

Notes  and  Queries  Office,  Bream's  Buildings,  E.C. 


THE    BUILDER    (founded    1842),    4   Catherine 
Street,  London,  W.C,  FEBRUARY  29th,  contains:— 
THE  PARIS  METROPOLITAN  RAILWAY  SYSTEM.   With 

a  complete  Map  of  the  Railwavs. 
THE  AQUEDUCTS  OF  ANCIENT  ROME  (concluded).  With 

Illustrations. 
ROYAL  ACADEMY  LECTURES  ON  ARCHITECTURE. 
OXFORD  (Architectural  Association). 
THE  CATACOMBS  OF  ROME. 

EASEMENTS  OF  LIGHT  AND  AIR  (Legal  Column). 
REINFORCED  CONCRETE  BEAM  FORMULAE  (Student's 

Column). 
COMPETITION  DESIGNS  FOR  LONDON  COUNTY  HALL. 

From  Offices  as  above  (id.,  by  post  4^rf.),  at  Rail- 
way Bookstalls,  Bookshops,  and  of  all  Newsagents. 


For  Acidity  of  the  Stomach. 
For  Heartburn  and  Headache. 
For  Gout  and  Indigestion. 

T\INNEFORD'S 

|[  A  G  N   E  S  I   A. 

For  Sour  Kructations  and  Bilious  Affections. 

A  Safe  and  most  effective  Aperient  for 

regular  use. 


WORKS  BY 
WILLIAM    THYNNE    LYNN. 


ELEVENTH  Kbl'HON  Now  BEADY. 
Price  Two  Shillings  net. 

CELESTIAL    MOTIONS: 

A  Handy  Book  of  Astronomy. 

With  5  Plates. 
By  W.  T.  LYNN,  B.A.  F.R.A.S., 

Member  of  the  British  Astronomical  Association  ; 
formerly  of  the  Royal  Observator}',  Green- 
wich;  Author  of  'Remarkable  Comets,'  'Re- 
markable Eclipses,'  '  Astronomy  for  the 
Young,'  &c. 
"  Well  known  as  one  of  our  best  introductions  to 

astronomy." — Guardian. 


FIFTH  EDITION,  Revised  to  1906,  NOW 
READY,  fcap.  8vo,  cloth,  price  Sixpence. 

ASTRONOMY  FOR  THE 
YOUNG. 

By  W.  T.  LYNN,  B.A.  F.R.A.S. 

"  Nothing  better  of  its  kind  has  ever  appeared." 

En'jlii-h  Mechanic. 


NINTH  EDITION  IN  THE  PRESS. 
Fcap.  8vo,  cloth,  price  Sixpence. 

REMARKABLE  ECLIPSES: 

A  Sketeh  of  the  most  interesting  Circumstances 
connected  with  the  Observation  of  Solar  and 
Lunar  Eclipses,  both  in  Ancient  and  Modern 
Times. 

By  W.  T.  LYNN,  B.A.  F.R.A.S. 


THIRTEENTH  EDITION  JUST  OUT,  price 
Sixpence,  cloth. 

REMARKABLE  COMETS: 

A  Brief  Survey  of  the  most  interesting  Facte  in 
the  History  of  Cometary  Astronomy. 

By    W.    T.    LYNN,    B.A.     F.R.A.& 


SECOND  EDITION  NOW  READY,  price 
One  Shilling. 

BIBLE  CHRONOLOGY: 

The  Principal  Events  Recorded  in  the  Holy 
Scriptures,  arranged  under  their  Probable 
Respective  Dates,  with  a  Description  of  the 
Places  named,  and  a  Supplement  on  English 
Versions. 

By  W.  T.  LYNN,  B.A.  F.R.A.S., 

Associate  of  King's  College,  London,  Lay  Reader 
in  the  Diocese  of  Southwark. 


SECOND  EDITION,  fcap.  8vo,  price  Fourpeuce. 

NEW  TESTAMENT 

CHRONOLOGY : 

The  Principal  Events  Recorded  in  the  New 
Testament,  arranged  under  their  Probable 
Respective  Dates. 

By  W.  T.  LYNN,  B.A.  F.R.A.S. 


London : 

SAMUEL  BAGSTER  k  SONS,  Limited, 

15,  Paternoster  Row. 


No.  4192,  Feb.  29,  1908 


THE     ATHENAEUM 


271 


EDWARD  STANFORD'S 

LIST. 

— •— 

JUST   PUBLISHED. 
THE 

ELEMENTS  OF  GEOGRAPHY: 

GENERAL    GEOGRAPHY. 

By  J.  H.  N.  STEPHENSON,  M.A. 
The  particular  scope  of  this  work  is  the  co- 
ordination of  Physical  and  Regional  Geography, 
by  the  aid  of  the  Organic  and  Inorganic  Sciences. 
It  has  been  the  writer's  aim  throughout  to  explain 
each  phenomenon  dealt  with  in  the  simplest 
possible  language,  and  only  after  this  has  been 
done,  sometimes  more  than  once,  to  give  it  a 
"  scientific  label." 

174  pages,  illustrated,  crown  8vo,  cloth, 

price  3  s.  6d. 

With  53  Illustrations  and  1 1  Maps  and  Charts. 

Prospectus  on  application. 

JUST  PUBLISHED. 
NEW  AND  REVISED  EDITION. 

STANFORD'S    SKETCH    MAP 

OF    THE    NORTH-WESTERN 

FRONTIER  OF  INDIA, 

extending  from  Chitral  on  the  N.  to  the  Tochi 
Valley  on  the  S.,  showing  the  area  of  the  present 
operations  and  the  nature  of  the  surrounding 
country.  One  sheet,  27  by  32  inches,  scale 
10  miles  to  an  inch. 

Price,  Sheet,  5s. ;   Mounted  to  fold  in  Case, 
7S.  6d. 

"It   is  an   excellent   map    for  the  purpose  of 
giving  a  general  idea  of  the  frontier." 

Pall  Mall  Gazette. 

STANFORD'S 
LIBRARY     MAPS. 

PRICES  :  Mounted  on  rollers  and  varnished,  45s. 
Mounted  to  fold  in  morocco  case,  60s, 
Mounted  on  spring  roller,  £5. 

LIST  OF  SERIES. 
ENGLAND    AND    WALES.       The  most 

comprehensive  work  of  reference  which  has  been  pre- 
sented to  the  public  in  the  shape  of  a  map.  Size 
54  by  62  inches  ;  Scale  7  j  miles  to  an  inch. 

EUROPE.     The  largest  and  most  detailed 

Map  of  Kurope  published  ;  invaluable  for  Office  or 
Library.  Size  05  by  58  inches ;  Scale  50|  miles  to  an 
inch. 

ASIA.     Exhibiting  the  Empires  and  other 

States  of  the  Continent,  with  a  stricter  regard  to  their 
actual  boundaries  and  divisions  than  has  yet  been 
attempted  in  any  publication  of  the  kind.  Size 
C5  by  58  inches  ;  scale  110  miles  to  an  inch. 

AFRICA.     Embodying  the   results   of   the 

most  recent   explorations,  and  presenting  on  a  large 

scale  an   accumulation   of  all   the  facts  known   with 

regard  to  this  Continent.  Size  0i  by  58  inches  ;  Scale 
94J  miles  to  an  inch. 

NORTH  AMERICA.      A  Compendium  of 

Political,  Historical,  and  Geographical  Facts  connected 
with  that  Division  of  the  .American  Continent.  Size 
58  by  65  inches  ;  Scale  83i  miles  to  an  inch. 

SOUTH    AMERICA.       Showing   the    most 
recent  Political  Boundaries  of  the  rariooa  states,  and 

the  general  Geography  of  the  Continent.  Size  58  by  66 
inches  ;  Scale  83i  miles  to  an  inch. 

AUSTRALASIA.  Including     Tasmania, 

Nt-»  Zealand,  New  Guinea,  <vc,  and  an  Inset  Chart  of 

the  World.  Size  06  by  58  inches  ;  Scale  64$  miles  to  an 
inch. 

Detailed  List  gratis  on  application. 


London  :   EDWARD  STANFORD,  12,  13,  and  1  1, 

Long  Acre,  W.C. 

Geographer  i*>  Bit  Mojetty  On-  King. 


MARCH  NUIYI8ER  NOW  READY. 

HARPER'S 
MAGAZINE. 

Containing,  among  many  attractions, 

Henry  James's  Novel- 
ette, '  Julia  Bride,'  'Diplo- 
matic Recollections,'  by  Mme.  de  Bunsen  [nee 
Waddington) ;  '  The  Fire  of  the  Caucasus ' 
(Baku  and  the  Oil  Wells),  by  Henry  W.  Nevin- 
son ;  '  Controlling  Conditions  of  Commerce,' 
by  Profs.  H.  E.  Gregory  and  A.  G.  Keller, 
six  complete  stories  of  most  varied  interest, 
and  a  powerful  instalment  of 

IVBrs.  Humphry  Ward's 
New  Serial. 

HARPER'S 

NEW  LIST  INCLUDES: 

Hypnotic  Therapeutics 
in  Theory  and  Practice. 

By  J.  D.  Quackenbos,  M.D.  Demy  8vo, 
7s.  6d.  net.  An  exposition  of  hypnotism  as 
a  great  regenerative  force  ;  based  on  scientific 
facts  and  written  for  the  general  reader.  It 
is  the  result  of  a  long  series  of  personal  ex- 
periences of  the  author  with  hypnotic  treatment 
for  the  physically  and  morally  diseased. 

Novels  of  Special  In- 
terest:— The  Second  Printing  of  'A 
White  Man,'  by  Edwin  M.  Boyle  arid  Jidie 
Opp  Faversham  (same  story  as  Mr.  Boyle's 
popular  play  now  being  presented  by  Mr. 
Lewis  Waller),  has  been  promptly  called  for, 
and  '  Ten  to  Seventeen'  (just  out),  a  girl's 
boarding-school  romance,  by  Josephine  Daskam, 
Author  of  the  popular  '  Memoirs  of  a  Baby,' 
is  sure  tofolloio  suit  immediately.  Two  other 
widely-read  novels  are  '  The  Greater  Mischief,' 
by  Margaret  Westrup,  Author  of1  The  Coming 
of  Billy,'  and  '  Emerald  and  Ermine,'  by  the 
Author  of1  The  Martyrdom  of  an  Empress.' 

Stories     of     Symphonic 

■VI  US  I C,  by  Lawrence  Gilmau  (f>s.  net), 
is  addressed  to  the  intelligent  concert-goer,  and 
is  in  demand  especially  during  the  present 
musical  season.  It  covers  loorksfrom  Beethoven 
to  the  present  day,  and  includes,  among  others, 
Claude  Debussy,  Jan  Sibelius,  Rim  sky- Korsa- 
koff, Ric/uird  St7-auss,  Friedrich  Smetana, 
'f'schaikowsky,  Grieg,  Elgar. 

A  most   humorous  book 

is  '  Discoveries    in    Every-day   Europe,'    by 

Don  C.  Seitz  (3s.  0d.),  amusingly  illustrated. 
"  Brimful  of  humour." — Standard. 


HARPER  &  BROTHERS,  4o,  Albemarle  St.,  \V 


Mr.  EDWARD  ARNOLD 

will  publish  on    THURSDAY 

NEXT,  March  5,  a  New  Novel 

by  the  Author  of  '  The  Jungle? 

entitled 

THE 

METROPOLIS- 


By 

Upton  Sinclair, 

Author  of 
'The  Jungle,'  &c. 


6s. 


THE 


METROPOLIS. 

In  this,  the  first  novel  he  has  written  since  '  The 
Jungle,'  Mr.  Upton  Sinclair  attacks  the  exotic 
and  vicious  life  of  the  vulgar  rich  element  in  New 
York  society. 

THE 

METROPOLIS. 

By 

Upton  Sinclair. 

This  lurid  novel  is  written  with  all  the 
unrestrained  and  relentless  brilliance  of  which 
the  author  of  '  The  Jungle '  is  a  master. 

THE 

METROPOLIS. 

Mr.     REGINALD     FARRERS 

New  Novel  will  be  READY  ON 
TUESDA  Y  NEXT,  March  3. 

WAYS 
OF  REBELLION. 


BY 


REGINALD  FARRER, 

Author  of  ■  The  Sundered  Streams,'  'The  House  of 
Shadows,'  &c.  Co*. 

WAYS 
OF  REBELLION. 

Mr.  Farrcr  1ms  here  provided  a  novel  in  which 
certain  phases  of  modem  life  ore  handled  in  an 
exceedingly  effective  and  interesting  fashion,  with 
much  crisp  dialogue  and  clean-cut  phraseology. 

WAYS 
OF  REBELLION. 


REGINALD    FARRER. 


EDWARD  ARNOLD, 
London  :  n  and  43|  Maddox  street,  \v. 


272 


T  II  E     ATHKN  J-:r  M 


No.  4192,  Feb.  29,  L908  1 


OXFORD    UNIVERSITY    PRESS. 


ANCIENT     BRITAIN    AND    THE 
INVASIONS  OF  JULIUS  CAESAR. 


THE   WORKS   OF    ARISTOTLE. 


By  T.    KICK  HOI.MKS.      .svo,  with  M  Illustrations  and  3  Maps, 
Ms.  net. 

Athen, rum. —"T\m  vast  array  of  reading  it  displays  shows  no 
sign  of  hurry  or  of  scamping  a  great  (abject, . .  .This  most  learned 
and  suggestive  book." 


ENGLISH  SOCIETY  IN  THE 
ELEVENTH      CENTURY. 


Raaaya    In    English    Mediaeval    History. 
GKADOFF.    Svo,  10*.  net. 


By    Dr.    PAUL    VINO- 

[Immediately. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  PENINSULAR  WAR. 


ByC.  OMAN.  To  be  completed  in  0  vols.  8vo,  with  many  Maps, 
Plans,  and  Portraits.  Vol.  III.  Sept.,  1809— Dec,  1810.— OCANA, 
CADIZ,  TORRES  VEDRAS.  [Immediately. 

Already  published :  Vol.  I.  1807—1809,  to  COBUNNA.  VoL  IL 
1809,  to  TALVERA,  14s.  net  each. 

Atheiueum.— "  Mr.  Oman's  work  is  marked  by  a  thoroughness 
of  detail  that  is  unhappily  far  from  common  in  these  days  of  text- 
books  and  popular  compendiums This  work  is  marked  by  a 

scholarly  eagerness  to  make  use  of  every  available  source." 


FREDERIC  WILLIAM  MAITLAND. 


Two  Lectures  and  a  Bibliography.  By  A.  L.  SMITH.  8vo, 
2s.  6<l.  net. 

Spectator. — "This  is  a  tribute  of  praise  worthy  of  the  man  to 

whose  memory  it  is  paid— more  it  would  not  be  possible  to  say 

No  one  could  be  better  qualified  to  speak  of  his  work  than  Mr.  A.  L. 
Smith.  He  knows  it  well,  and  he  can  appreciate  it  in  a  way  that 
shows  a  real  mastery  of  the  subject.  Whether  he  is  speaking  of 
the  general  temper  of  the  man,  or  of  special  instances  in  which  he 
brought  an  illuminating  genius  to  bear  on  problems  of  history,  he 
always  puts  the  case  with  remarkable  clearness." 

THE  EARLY  HISTORY  OF  INDIA. 

From  600  B.C.  to  the  Muhammadan  Conquest.  Including  the 
Invasion  of  Alexander  the  Great.  By  V.  A.  SMITH.  Second 
Edition,  Revised  and  Enlarged.  With  Maps,  Plans,  and  other 
Illustrations.    8vo,  14*.  net. 

Athencetim  (First  Edition).—"  Mr.  Vincent  Smith  may  claim  to 

have  done  a  work  which  eminently  needed  doing It  is  to  be 

hoped  that  authors  of  manuals  of  Indian  history  will  take  due  note 
of  this  achievement,  and  revise  their  compilations  accordingly." 

A  CALENDAR  OF  THE  COURT  MINUTES,  &c, 
OF  THE  EAST  INDIA  COMPANY,  1635-1639. 

By  ETHEL  BRUCE  SAINSBURY.  With  an  Introduction  and 
Notes  by  WILLIAM  FOSTER.  (Published  under  the  Patronage 
of  His  Majesty's  Secretary  of  State  for  India  in  Council.)  8vo, 
cloth,  12*.  6d.  net. 

Morning  Post. — "  Of  considerable  value  to  the  student Miss 

Sainsbury  has  edited  these  ancient  documents  with  consummate 
order  and  regularity,  for  the  benefit  of  posterity." 


BONAPARTISM. 


Six  Lectures  delivered  in  the  University  of  London. 
FISHER.    Svo,  3*.  Gd.  net. 


By  H.  A.  L. 


Birmingham  Post. — "This  writing  is  good  and  is  not  rubbish, 
but  sound  and  helpful  narrative  and  thinking  told  in  vigorous  and 
finished  English." 


Translated  into  English  under  tin-  Editorship  of  J.  A    -MM  II,  and 

u.   i,    Bosa     Pan  i      THE   PARVA   NATURALTA. 

1. 1  8EN81  I.I  KENSIBILI.  DE  MEMORIA  II  REMINI- 
BCENTIA.  DE  SOMNO.  DE  80MNIIS.  Dl  DIVINATIONS 
PI  i:  KOMNUM.  HvJ.  I.  BEARE.  DE  LONGITUDINI  I  I 
BREVITATK  VITAE.  DE  IUVENT1  n.  l.i  SENECT1  n. 
DB  VITA  ET  MORTE  DE  RESPIRATIONS.  Bj  <;.  R.  T. 
BOSS,    to  W.  net 

Sro/mnin.  —  "The  renderings  are  made  with  good  icholai 
both  in  Greek  and  in  English,  and  are  fully  and  carefullj 
Thev  promise  well  for  the   meOBM  of  the  completed  work  as  a  book 

valuable  alike  to  linguists  studying  Greek  and  who, 

without  pretentions  to  classical  learning,  wish  to  make  then 
familiar  witli  the  teaching  of 'the  great  master  of  those  who  know." 


KNUTH'S  HANDBOOK  OF 
FLORAL    POLLINATION. 


Based  upon  Hermann  Muller'swork  'The  Fertilization  of  Flowers 
by  Insects.'  Translated  bv  .1.  R  AINSWORTH  DAVIS.  VoL  II. 
OBSERVATIONS  ON  FLOWER  POLLINATION  MADE  IN 
EUROPE  AND  THE  ARCTIC  REGIONS.  Part.  I.  Ranuncu- 
laceae  to  Stylidieae,  with  210  Figures  in  the  Text  and  a  Portrait  of 
Hermann  Midler.  Morocco  back,  85*.  net ;  cloth,  31*.  6d.  net- 
Previously  published  :  Vol.  I.  INTRODUCTION  AND  LITEM  \- 
TURE.    Morocco  back,  21*.  net ;  cloth,  18*.  net. 

Athenaeum  (Vol.  L)— "  By  far  the  most  comprehensive  work 
on  its  subject,  and  of  world-wide  renown.  It  will  be  therefore 
specially  welcomed  by  the  many  people  who  prefer  to  read  up  a 
subject  in  English  rather  than  a  foreign  language.'' 


STUDIES  IN  THE 
OF    ANCIENT 


MEDICINE 
INDIA. 


Part  L  OSTEOLOGY,  or  THE  BONES  OF  THE  HUMAN 
BODY.  By  A.  F.  RUDOLF  HOERNLE,  CLE.  Demy  8vo, 
cloth,  10*.  td. 

Athenaeum.—"  Marks    a    new    epoch    in    our   knowled- 
medicine..  ..Prof.  Hoernle  has  executed  his  task  with  the  uti^ 
fidelity.     He  identifies  the  hones,  makus  important  emendation-, 
and  gives  commentaries  in  the  original  with  a  literal  translation 
of  each." 

THE    HISTORY    OF   THE    STUDY   OF 
MEDICINE    IN   THE    BRITISH    ISLES. 

By  N.  MOORE,  10*.  6d.  net    The  FitzPatrick  Lectures  for  1905-6. 

ENGLISH    MEDICINE    IN 
ANGLO  SAXON    TIMES: 

The  FitzPatrick  Lectures  for  1903.  By  J.  F.  PAYNE.  Svo, 
with  23  Illustrations,  S*.  6d.  net. 

Times. — "A  scholarly  piece  of  work,  marked  by  a  nice  DOOM 
of  discrimination  and  a  becoming  gravity." 


THE  OXYRHYNCHUS  PAPYRI.    Part  V. 


Edited,  with  Translations  and  Notes,  by  B.  P.  GRENFELL  and 
A.  S.  HUNT.     With  8  Plates,  crown  4to,  11.  5*.  net. 

REPRINTED  FROM  THE  ABOVE. 


FRAGMENT  OF  AN  UNCANONICAL 
GOSPEL     FROM     OXYRHYNCHUS. 


Edited,  with  Translation  and  Commentary,  by  BERNARD  P. 
GRENFELL,  M.A.  D.Litt,  and  ARTHUR  s.  HUNT,  M.A.  D.Liu. 
With  1  Plate,  Svo,  U.  net.  (Egypt  Exploration  Fund,  Graeco- 
Homan  Branch.) 


WHAT  ROME  WAS  BUILT  WITH. 


A  Description  of  the  Stones  employed  in  Ancient  Times  for  its 
Building  and  Decoration.  By  MARY  W.  PORTER  Crown  BTO, 
3*.  6d.  net 

Spectator. — "A  highly  interesting  book." 


THE  OCEANIC  LANGUAGES. 


Their  Grammatical    Structure,  Vocabulary,  and  Origin.     By  D. 
MACDONALD.     Crown  Svo,  10*.  6U  net. 

Ilomihtic-  Review, — "An  altogether  unique  production,  from 
the  pen  of  the  Rev.  D.  Macdonald,  one  of  the  most  erudite  of 
living  missionaries.  It  is  a  masterpiece  of  linguistic  lore,  and  opens 
up  a  field  of  study  new  to  the  vast  majority  of  philologists." 


PROSPECTUSES    ON    APPLICATION. 


London:    HENRY    FROWDE,    Oxford   University   Press,    Amen   Corner,    E.C. 


Editorial  Communications  should  be  addressed  to  'THE  EDITOR  "—Advertisements  and  Business  Letters  to  "THE  PUBLISHERS  "—at  the  Office,  Bream's  Buildings,  Chancery  Lane.  E.C. 
Published  Weekly  by  JOHN  C.  FRANCIS  and  J.  EDWARD  FRANCIS  at  Bream's  Buildings.  Chancery  Lane.  E.C,  and  Printed  by  J.  EDWARD  FRANCIS.  Atlieiurrm  Prets,  Breams  Building?,  Chanc.ry  Lane.  E.C 

Agents  for  Scotland,  Messrs.  BELL  &  BRADFCTE  and  Mr.  JOHN  MEN/.IES,  Edinburgh.- Saturday.  February  29. 1S08. 


THE  ATHEN-^UM 


f  flitntal  of  (Knglislj  anb  fmigtt  Jtittvaimt,  §&twm,  tht  J'mt  2lrfs,  iJtosit  mi  th  IBrama* 


No.  4193. 


SATURDAY,  MARCH   7,    1908. 


PRICE 
THREEPENCE. 

REGISTERED  AS  A  NEWSPAPER. 


SIR      JOHN      SOANE'S      MUSEUM, 
13,  LINCOLN  S  INN  FIELDS,  W.C. 

Interesting  House,  Antiquities,  Pictures,  and  Sculpture.  Open 
FREE  between  11  and  5,  TUESDAYS,  WEDNESDAYS.  THURS- 
DAYS, and  FRIDAYS,  from  MARCH  3  to  AUGUST  '28.  Cards 
for  other  days  and  for  Students  to  be  obtained  from  THE  CURATOR, 
at  the  Museum. 


B 


OROUGH      OF      COLCHESTER. 


The  CORPORATION  MUSEUM  of  LOCAL  ANTIQUITIES    will 
be  CLOSED  to  the  PUBLIC,  by  order  of  the  Committee,  for  installa- 
tion of  Electric  Light  aud  Cleaning,  from  M ARCH  9  to  21,  inclusive. 
ARTHUR  G.  WRIGHT,  Curator. 


§§Gtitths. 


THE  HARLEIAN  SOCIETY. 
Founded  1869.    Incorporated  1902. 

Established  for  the  purpose  of  Transcribing,  Printing,  and  Publishing 
the  Heraldic  Visitations  of  Counties.  Parish  Registers,  or  any  Manu- 
scripts relating  to  Genealogy,  Family  History,  and  Heraldry,  or  such 
other  kindred  or  partly  kindred  subjects  as  may  from  time  to  time  lie 
determined  upon  by  the  Council  of  the  Society. 

In  the  Ordinary  Section  58  Volumes  have  been  issued.  In  the 
Register  Section  85  Volumes  have  been  issued.  Entrance  Fee,  10»  tid. 
Annual  Subscription  :  Ordinary  Section,  1  J.  Is  :  Register  Section,  1/.  Is. 
I  hairman  of  Council-Sir  GEORGE  J.  ARMYTAGE,  Part ,  F.S.A.— 
For  all  particulars  apply  to  the  Secretary  and  Treasurer,  W.  BRUCE 
BANNKRMAN,  F.S.A.,  The  Lindens,  Sydenham  Road,  Croydon. 


BUDDHIST  SOCIETY  OF  GREAT  BRITAIN 
AND  IRELAND. 
President-Prof.  T.  W.  RHYS  DAVIDS,  LL.D.  Ph.D. 
Vice-Presidents. 
The  Rt.  Hon.  the  EARL  OF  MEXBOROUGH,  D.L.  J. P. 
His  Highness  the  PRINCE  OF  SIKKIM. 
Mrs.  CAROLINE  RHYS  DAVIDS.  M.A. 
Comieil-Prof.  EDMUND  J.  MILLS,  F.R.S.  D.Sc.  ;  ST.  G.  L.  FOX 
PITT.  Esq.;  Mrs.  RYDING  ;   Capt.  C.  ROLLESTON  ;  REGINALD 
FARRER,  Esq.  ;  P.  W.  SERGEANT,  Esq. ;  MAUNG    KY1N,  Esq.  ; 
The  Hon.  ERIC  COLLIER,  E.  UDNY.  Esq. 

Hon.  Secretary— J.  E.  ELLAM,  Esq. 
Hon.  Treasurer  (pro  tern.]— Major  E.  R.  ROST,  T.M.S. 
On  WEDNESDAY,  March  11,  at  the  CAXTON    HALL.  WEST- 
MINSTER, at  4.30  P.M.,  Mrs.  C.  RHYS   DAVIDS,  M.A.,  will  deliver 
an  Address  on  '  Buddhism  and  Modern  Thought.' 

Tickets  of  admission  can  be  had  gratis  on  application  to  the 
SECRETARY,  14,  Bury  Street,  W.C,  or  at  4  p.m.,  at  the  Caxton  Hall, 
on  March  11. 

Lectures  are  also  held  at  14,  Burv  Street.  W.C.  Twice  Weekly— on 
THURSDAYS,  at  5.30  p.m.,  and  on  SUNDAYS,  at  7  p.m. 

Buddhist  Literature   and  information   is  obtainable  atjH   Bury 
Street.  W.C. 
Temporary  Offices,  14,  Bury  Street,  W.C. 


(Exhibitions. 


EXHIBITION  of  WATER-COLOUR  PAINT- 
ING3  bv  ALFRED  W.  RICH,  at  the  GALLERIES  of  the  NEW 
ENOL18H  ART  CLUB.  67a.  New  Bond  Street,  W.  OPEN  DAILY 
ill  March  21,  from  10  till  5.    Admission  Is. 


DURER,  REMBRANDT,  &c.      EXHIBITION 
of  Engravings  and  Etchings  NOW  OPEN  at 

MR.  11    GUTEKUNST'S, 
16,  King  Street,  St.  James's,  S.W.    10-6.    Is. 


a     P    A    N    I    S    H 

A  R  T 

Ci     A    L    L    E     R    Y, 
SO,    CONDUIT    STREET,    LONDON,    W, 

\  RT    DEALERS    AND    IMPORTERS 
OF    ANTIQUITIES     FROM     SPAIN. 

Antique  Embroideries,  Brocades, 
Velvets,  Persian  Rugs,  Armour, 
Furniture,  Gothia  Pictures, 
China,      Silver,      Enamels,     &c. 

R  A  R  E      MUSEUM       OB  J  E  C  T  S. 


ROYAL   SOCIETY  OF  PAINTER-ETCHERS 
AND  ENGRAVERS.  5a.  Pall  Mall  East,  S.W.— 26tu  ANNUAL 
EXHIBITION  NOW   OPEN,  10-6.    Admission  Is. 

W.  P.  D.  STEBBING,  Secretary. 

ROYAL     ACADEMY     OF     ARTS. 
WINTER    EXHIBITION. 
Work  by  Old  Masters  aud  Deceased  Masters  of  the  British  School, 
including  Special  Collections  of  Pictures  by  Hogarth  aud  the  late 
J.  C.  Hook,  R.A. 

Open  from  9  a.m.  to  6  p.m.  Admission  Is.   Catalogue  6d.  Season 
Ticket  5s. 


i 


jrobioent  Institutions. 

TIE       BOOKSELLERS'       PROVIDENT 
INSTITUTION. 
President-CHARLES  JAMES  LONGMAN,  Esq. 
Treasurer-WILLIAM  ELLERBY  GREEN,  Esq. 

CHARLES  AWDRY,  Esq.,  FREDERICK  MACMILLAN,  Esq., 
HENRY  HILL  HODGSON,  Esq.,  ARTHUR  EDWARD  MILES,  Esq. 

The  DIRECTORS  have  much  pleasure  in  announcing  that  the 
ANNUAL  MEETING  of  the  MEMBERS  of  the  INSTITUTION  will 
be  held  at  STATIONERS'  HALL  on  THURSDAY,  March  12  next, 
at  7  r.M.  . 

The  Meeting  will  be  followed  bv  a  Conversazione,  at  which  the 
Right  Hon.  the  LORD  ALVERSTONE,  the  Lord  Chief  Justice  of 
England,  has  kindly  promised  to  deliver  an  Address. 

Non-Members  of  the  Institution  are  invited  to  be  present.     The 
Concert  will  follow  immediately  after  the  Meetiug.    Morning  Dress. 
GEORGE  LARNER,  Secretary. 

"VTEWSVENDORS'  BENEVOLENT  AND 

J_\  PROVIDENT  INSTITUTION. 

Founded  1839. 

Funds  exceed  27,000*. 

Office :  15  and  16,  Farringdon  Street,  London,  E.C 

Patron : 

The  Right  Hon.  THE  EARL  OF  ROSECSRY,  K.G.  K.T. 

President : 

The   LORD   GLENESK. 

Treasurer : 

THE  LONDON  AND  WESTMINSTER  BANK,  LIMITED. 

OBJECTS.— This  Institution  was  established  in  1839  in  the  City  of 
London,  under  the  Picsidency  of  the  late  Alderman  Manner,  for 
granting  Pensions  and  Temporary  Assistance  to  principals  and 
assistants  encaged  as  vendors  of  Newspapers. 

MEMBERSHIP.— Every  Man  or  Woman  throughout  the  I  nited 
Kingdom,  whether  Publisher,  Wholesaler,  Retailer,  Employer,  or 
Employed,  is  entitled  to  become  a  Member  of  this  Institution,  and 
enjoy  its  benefits  upon  payment  of  Five  Shillings  annually,  or  Three 
Guineas  for  life,  provided  that  he  or  she  is  engaged  in  the  sale  of 
Newspapers,  and  such  Members  who  thus  contribute  secure  priority 
of  consideration  in  the  event  of  their  needing  aid  from  the  Institution. 

PENSIONS.— The  Annuitants  now  number  Thirty-six,  the  Men 
receiving  25/.  and  the  Women  20/.  per  annum  each. 

The  "Royal  Victoria  Pension  Fund,"  commemorating  the  great 
advantages  the  News  Trade  enjoyed  under  the  rule  of  Her  late 
Majesty  Queen  Victoria,  provides  20/.  a  yv.r  each  for  Six  Widows  of 
Newsvcndors.  _  ,  .   „ 

The  "Francis  Fund"  provides  Tensions  lor  One  Man,  261.,  and  One 
Woman  20/..  ami  was  specially  subscribed  in  memory  of  the  late  John 
Francis,  who  died  on  April  6,  1882,  and  was  for  more  than  tbty  years 
Publisher  of  the  Athenaum.  He  took  an  active  and  leading  part 
throughout  the  whole  period  of  the  agitation  for  the  repeal  of  the 
various  then  existing  "  Taxes  on  Knowledge,"  and  was  for  very  many 
years  a  staunch  supporter  of  this  Institution. 

The  "Horace  Marshall  Pension  Fund"  is  the  gift  of  the  late  Mr. 
Horace  Brooks  Marshall.  The  employes  of  that  firm  have  primary 
right  of  election  to  its  benefits. 

The  "Herbert  Lloyd  Pension  Fund"  provides  25/.  per  annum  for 
one  man.  in  per]  letiuil  and  grateful  memory  of  Mr.  Herbert  Lloyd,  who 
died  May  12,  1889.  .        ,     ..  „  „       . 

The  principal  features  of  the  Rules  governing  election  to  all  1  ensions 
are,  that  eacn  Candidate  shall  have  been  in  a  Member  of  the  Institu- 
tion for  not  bss  than  ten  years  preceding  application  ;  (2)  not  icss  t  ban 
fifty-five  years  of  age  ;  |3)  engaged  in  the  sale  of  Newspapers  for  at  least 
ten  years. 

RELIEF -Temporary  relief  is  given  in  cases  of  distress,  not  only 
to  Members,,:  the  Institution,  but  to  Newsvendors  or  their  servants 
who  may  bs  recommended  for  assistance  by  Members  ".'  tb,'  Institu- 
tion Inquiry  ia  made  in  such  cases  by  visiting  Committees,  and 
relief  is  awarded  in  accordance  with  tie-  merits  and  requirements  of 
each  case  W.  W1LKIE  JUNES.  Secretary. 


(fcbncational. 

TTRANCES    MARY    BUSS     MEMORIAL 

X;  SCHOLARSHIP. 

A  TRAVELLING  SCHOLARSHIP  of  *«/.  will  be  awarded  in 
MAY  NEXT,  for  purposes  of  Educational  Study  Abroad,  to  a 
WOMAN  fully  qualified  as  a.  Secondary  School  Teacher. 

Candidates  Should  hold  111  a  University  Degree  or  its  equivalent  : 
rUficateof  Ffflciency  at  a  Teacher ;  (8)  nave  experience  ■  •!  Bra 
years' Teaching  in  a  Secondary  School;  (4)  should  undertake  to  carry 
■f  ■; ■  '  i ctorj  ■  ■  heme  of  study  abroad  and  report  thereon. 

Applications,  with  five  copies  of  not  more  than  three  recent 
Testimonials,  to  he  made,  before  APItIL  1,  IMS,  to  THE  SBORE 
TAltV.  F.M.I'..  Memorial  Scholarship,  North  London  Collegiate 
School  for  Girls.  BandaU  Road,  London,  N.W. 


EDUCATION. 
Parents  or  Guardians  desiring  accurate  information  relative  to 
the  CHOICE  of  SCHOOLS  for  HoYS  or  GIRLS  or 
TUTORS  In  England  or  Abroad 
are  invited  to  »-ill  u|>on  or  send  fnllv  detailed  particulars  to 
MB88R8.  GABBITA8,  TURING  *  CO., 
who  for  more  than  thirty  years  bars  '■  In  touch  with  the 

leading  Educational  Establishments 

Advice    f"  "   given  h»  Mr    TURING.  Nephew  of  the 

it,  ii.  ,,|  Mattel  of  Uppingham,  .ifi.  Baokrill*  street.  London,  W, 

EDUCATION    (ohoioe  <>f    Schools   and    Tutors 
i,  i  of  English  and  Continental  Schools,  and 

of  successful   Army,  <  nil  Service,  and  University  Tutors,  (cnl   (free 
,,f  chsrjrel  on  receipt  of   requirements   bv  OHM  KITH*    SMITH 
POWRLL  A  SMITH.  Hehool  Agents  (established  160),  34,   Bedford 
Itrand,  \\  0 


Yearly  Subscription,  iree  by  post,  inland, 
15s.  3d. ;  Foreign,  18s.  Entered  at  the  New 
York  Post  Office  as  Second  Class  matter. 

THE  ATHENAUM  is  published  on 
FRIDAY  AFTERNOON  at  2  o'clock. 


Situations  &arant. 

TTNIVERSITY  COLLEGE  OF  SOUTH  WALES 

U  AND  MONMOUTHSHIRE. 

COLEG    PRIFATHROFAOL    DEHEDDIR    CYMRU 
A    MYNWY,    CAERDYDD. 

The  COUNCIL  of  the  COLLEGE  invites  application  for  the  post  of 
PROFESSOR  of  GREEK,  at  the  annual  Salary  of  350/. 

Further  particulars  may  be  obtained  from  the  undersigned,  to 
whom  applications,  with  Testimonials,  should  be  sent  on  or  before 
SATURDAY,  May  2,  1908. 

J.  AUSTIN  JENKINS,  B.A.,  Registrar. 

February  7, 1908. 

I  EDINBURGH    AND   EAST    OF    SCOTLAND 
J  COLLEGE  OF  AGRICULTURE. 

LECTURESHIP  IN  BIOLOGY. 
The  GOVERNORS  invite  applications  for   the   above   LECTURE- 
SHIP.   Salary  300/.  per  annum,  rising  by  annual  increments  of  20(. 
to  400/. 

Particulars  may  be  had  from  W.  SCOTT  STEVENSON,  Esq.. 
Secretary,  13.  George  Square.  Edinburgh,  to  whom  applications  should 
be  sent  riot  later  than  APRIL  7. 


UNIVERSITY       OF       SHEFFIELD. 


rriHE 

APPOINTMENT  OF  LECTURER  IN  GEOGRAPHY'. 
The    COUNCIL    are    about    to  appoint  a  LECTURER    in    GEO- 
GRAPHY.   Applications  to  be  sent  in  by  MARCH  14, 1908.— Further 
particulars  may  be  obtained  from 

W.  M.  GIBBONS,  Registrar. 

T  ECTURESHIP  IN  TAMIL  AND   TELUGU 

±J  AT  OXFORD. 

The  DELEGACY'  for  superintending  the  instruction  of  Indian 
Civil  Service  Probationers  at  the  University  of  Oxford  will  proceed 
shortly  to  appoint  a  LECTURER  in  the  TAMIL  and  TELUGU 
LANGUAGES.  .  , 

The  Salary  is  ItiOZ.  a  year.  In  addition  Fees  are  paid  by  Students 
according  to  a  fixed  scale. 

The  appointment  will  be  made  for  one  year  only,  hut  the  holder  of 
the  Office  is  eligible  for  reappointment  annually. 

Candidates  are  requested  to  send  their  applications  and  Testi- 
monials to  the  UNIVERSITY  REGISTRAR.  Oxford.  Applications 
must  be  sent  in  so  as  to  reach  Oxford  not  later  than  MAY  1.  1908. 
They  should  state  the  age  of  the  Applicant,  and  whether  or  not  he  is 
willing  to  reside  in  Oxford. 

The  successful  Candidate  may  be  required  to  commence  work  at  the 
beginning  of  Michaelmas  Term,  1908. 

pOUNTY    BOROUGH    OF     SUNDERLAND. 

MUNICIPAL  TECHNICAL  COLLEGE. 
The  COUNCIL  are  prepared  to  receive  applications  for  the  position 
of  PRINCIPAL  of  the  above-named  COLLEGE  (the  standard  of  which 
is  that  of  a  University  College!,  at  a  Salary  of  MM,  i*r  annum.  No 
Fees  The  Person  appointed  will  be  required  to  devote  bis  whole 
time  to  the  duties  of  the  Office,  and  to  be  a  Graduate  of  a  British 
University,  prepared  to  take  an  active  part  in  the  Teaching  Work  of 
the  College  in  one  of  the  following  subjects  :— 

Applied  Mathematics. 

Chemistry. 

Electrical  Engineering. 

Mechanical  Engineering. 

Naval  Architecture. 

Physics. 
Canvassing  Members  of  the  Council,  directly  or  indirectly,   until 
after  the  first  selection  by  the  Committee  of  Candidates,  will  disqualify 
the  applicant  on  whose  behalf  such  canvassing  shall  have  been  made, 

Applications,  In  writing,  stating  which  Subject  the  Candidate 
proposes  to  teach,  accompanied  Ivy  not  more  than  six  recent 
Original  Testimonials  iwhich  will  be  returned!,  addressed  to  the 
undersigned  at  t  ho  Town  Hall,  Sunderland,  and  endorsed  "  Technical 
1  llg  AtpcST-tment  :f  lrin  •:rr.r  in  tb.  1  ft  l.r.v.  1  c  rt.:  r  if  tb 
envelope  will  be  received  op  to.  hut  not  later  than.  19  noon  on 
MONDAY.  March  U  n-xt.  ^^  „    ^.^  ^  ,  ^ 

Town  Hall,  Sunderland.  Fehruaiy  18.  IMS. 

IRKSWORTH    GRAMMAR     SCHOOL, 

DERBYSHIRE. 

APPOINTMENT    OF    HEAD    MASTER. 

The  GOVERNORS  invite  applications  for  the   HEAP  MASTK.i; 

s;iiii>  of  the  above  SCHOOL,  to  he  conducted  as  s  co-educational 

School  for  Boys  and  Girls,  which  will  be  VACANT In  JULY. 

Candidates  must  be   between   M  and   «,  and  Graduates  of  some 
University  in  the  United  Kingdom.  .     .   .  .      .......  . 

Salary  1*01    I"'1    annum,   with   Sons*   adapted  for   Boarders,   and 
Capitation  Oranl  .  .,,...     ..■  ,     , 

There  i«  ;i  small  Pupil  Teachers  Centre  attached  to  the  School. 

msing  prohibited,  and  will  disqualify.  .      .        ,   .       . 

Particulars  maj  beoht«lned  bj  lettei  to  the  understgued.  to  whom 
Candidates  are  requested  to  send  in  tb,  ii  ap|  Ucatlons,  with  copies  of 
not  more  than  three  Testlmori  il   'bite  merited     ii 

hip     on  oi  before  MARCH  ■"•   1908  , 

ARTHUR    l.  MARSDEN.  clerk  to  the  Governors. 


W 


Market  Place,  Wlrksworth. 


WITHINOTON     GIRLS'     school. 
M  \M    III    - 

CKMPORARY   MATHRM  WICAL   Ml  OUIREP  <  •. 

ilir  SI'MMKI!  TEI1M     Knperlcnce  essential.    Salary  3' 

v.nC-i'lenl  -Apply  |„  H  E  M>  M  ISTRKSS. 


27  I 


T  II  E     ATHKNJEUM 


No.  U93,  March  7,  1908 


II 


AM.KV        BDl  '   \  i  I '  •  N        00MM1TTEE. 


Ml  Mi'll'Al.  UOOHDAAi    *  II 

wanted  mai  ummAtn  tut/in  tm  <■■ 

,..,„„„.,„, ,,k.  „,   i  experUna  MmHrt    a   BnAmta 

1 ",','',:  ,t  u  additional  ma  of  "'""it  lol.  per  Besslon  for 

I  to  a  suitable  swlioant. 
ram  of  Application  maybe  obtalnod  from  the  undersigned,  and 
.,„.„,,,  b.  ntnn-dwllhoal  del..,.       Jom  ,,„„.,„„.  8e,rctary, 

BOVII  Ball.  l!>nley. 


TMIIK  KKDI-'ORDSIURK  EDUCATION  COM- 
1  mittee  InriU  applications  for  the  appointment  of  ■  MASTER 
,   MI8TRES8I    i  METHOD  in  connexion  srlta  tfaali  Bohema  for 

the  Traininf  of  Teachers  ,       

Tin  Salary  will  be  2ML  i»r  iiiiuuin,  duties  commencing  8EPTEM- 
DKR  l  ..,,_, 

Ildateswlll  be  required  to  have  special  knowledge  and  cxpcn- 
i  ii,  a  in  the  Principle*  and  Practice  of  Teaching. 

Applications  niust  reach  the  undermentioned  not  later  than 
A 1 ' K 1 1 .   .  ..,,,. 

Full  lmrticulars  and  duties  of  the  Office  ran  he  obtained  on  appli- 
cation to  the  DIRECTOR  OF  EDUCATION.  Shire  Hall,  Bedford. 


U 


RBAN     DISTRICT     OF    WOOD    GREEN. 


CENTRAL    FREE    LIBRARY. 
APPOINTMENT    OF    LIBRARIAN. 

The  COUNCIL  invite  applications  for  the  iiosition  of  LIBRARIAN, 
at  a  commencing  Salary  of  1.101.  per  annum,  rising  by  annual  Incre- 
ments of  12/.  Km.  each  to  a  maximum  of  2001.  per  annum.  Candidates 
must  have  had  previous  experience,  either  as  Librarian  or  Assistant 
Librarian. 

Applications,  marked  "Librarian,"  accompanied  by  copies  of  not 
more  than  three  Testimonials  of  recent  date,  to  be  delivered  at  my 
office  not  later  than  .1  r.M.  on  WEDNESDAY.  March  11,  1908. 

No  application  will  lie  considered  unless  made  on  the  Official  Form, 
which  will  be  forwarded  on  receipt  of  a  stamped  addressed  envclojie. 

Canvassing,  either  directly  or  indirectly,  will  be  an  absolute  dis- 
qualification. 

By  Order. 

WM.  P.  HARDING,  Clerk  of  the  Council. 

Town  Hall,  Wood  Green,  February  27,  1908. 


B 


ROMLEY        PUBLIC        LIBRARY. 


The  COMMITTEE  invite  applications  for  the  position  of  SECOND 
ASSISTANT  at  a  commencing  Salary  of  621.  per  annum.  Candidates 
must  have  had  previous  experience,  and  possess  a  knowledge  of  the 
Dewey  System  of  Classification. 

Applications,  accompanied  by  not  more  than  three  Testimonials  of 
recent  date,  to  lie  delivered  to  the  undersigned  not  later  than 
SATURDAY.  March  14.  1908. 

WILLIAM  J.  HARRIS.  Borough  Librarian. 

Public  Library,  Bromley,  Kent. 


u 


RBAN     DISTRICT     OF     BIRKDALE. 


LIBRARY  ASSISTANT. 
WANTED,  at  the  PUBLIC  LIBRARY,  a  well-educated  YOUTH  as 
ASSISTANT,  not  under  16  years  of  age.  Salary  10s.  per  week. 
Applications  to  be  made  in  Candidate's  own  handwriting,  and  for- 
warded to  the  undersigned  not  later  than  MARCH  12  NEXT, 
accompanied  by  copies  only  of  two  Testimonials,  and  endorsed 
"  Library  Assistant. 

J.  F.  KEELEY,  Clerk  of  the  Council. 
Clerk's  Office.  Town  Hall,  Birkdale. 
February  25, 1908. 

T3EQUIRED,  a  LADY  INDEXER.      One  used 

-L\  to  Analytical  and  Minute  Work  preferred.  Strict  accuracy 
essential— Address  fully.— B.  C,  Box  1362,  Athenaeum  Press,  1.1, 
Bream's  Buildings,  Chancery  Lane,  E.C. 


j^ihtatinns  Mnntetl. 

A  GENTLEMAN,  at  present  on  the  staff  of  a 
Technical  Journal,  DESIRES  CHANGE  of  EMPLOYMENT. 

Artistic  and  Literary  capabilities.  Considerable  experience  in 
Research  Work,  Interviewing,  Ac— Box  1361,  Athenxum  Press,  13, 
Bream's  Buildings,  Chancery  Lane,  E.C. 

EMPLOYMENT  as  LITERARY  ASSISTANT 
desired  by  ENGLISHMAN.  Careful,  punctual  Worker.  French. 
German,  and  Spanish  [*mguagefl  (acquired  Abroad!.  —  Box  1355, 
Athenaeum  Press,  13,  Bream's  Buildings,  Chancery  Lane,  E.C. 

SECRETARY. —  YOUNG  LADY  desires 
RE  ENGAGEMENT.  Shorthand  and  Type-Writing.  Literary 
Work  preferred.  Over  five  years'  experience  in  well-known  Magazine 
Office.— Box  1319,  Athen.eum  Press.  13,  Bream's  Buildings,  E.C. 

LADY  (experienced)  DESIRES  POST  as  SECRE- 
TARY  to  Literary  Lady  or  Gentleman.  Several  years'  expe- 
rience. Good  Handwriting.  Shorthand,  Typing.  Knowledge  of  Proof- 
correcting.  Neat,  businesslike,  methodical.  Excellent  references. — 
E.  B.,  care  of  Peter  Hari>er,  29,  New  Bridge  Street,  London,  E.C. 


f&i&ullatuan*. 


PRIVATE  TOURS  FOR  GENTLEWOMEN.— 
Mediaeval  ('bateaux  of  France.  Province  of  Touraine  Fontainc- 
bleau,  Versailles.  4c.  APRIL  2.  Italian  Tour  repeated  APRIL  -".i 
(Rome,  Naples.  Venice,  Florence,  4c.l.  Switzerland.  JUNE  Refer- 
ences exchanged.— Miss  BISHOP.  87,  St.  George's  Road,  Kilburn,  N.W. 

A  GENTLEMAN,  lately  returned  from  Arabia, 
expert  in  Arabic  (literary  and  Colloquial)  and  allied  Dialects 
would  UNDERTAKE  COACHING  in  said  Language  ( Advanced!. - 
B..  care  of  Tipple,  13,  Arundel  Street.  Strand,  W  ('. 


G 


ENTLEMAN  is  anxious  to  TEACH  HEBREW. 

\A       Experienced  Teacher.     Moderate  fees.     Highest  references.— 
Address  Miss  FRANK,  3.  Elvaston  Place.  S.W. 

GERMAN  LANGUAGE.— YOUNG  GENTLE- 
.■..,.„ HAS?  wl8lVinK  tn  perfect  his  knowledge  of  German,  can  be 
RECEIVED  in  PRIVATE  HOUSE,  FRANKFORT-oN  MAIN 
Highest  references.  —  For  particulars  apply  R.  W.  Rl  SHY  24 
Pershore  Street,  Birmingham. 


TRANSLATION  from  Spanish,  Italian,  French, 
Mbrin^„^S^-!S^^^^?»J«RT^^-Addw«  0..  18, 


— -         ,h„,    „Biiinu     iiiLO     CUgllSIl     l.NMh.l 

Holbein  House.  Lower  Sloaue  Street,  S.W. 


A!    Minus    ol    AUTISTIC,    TECHNICAL, 
lln.MK  PASTIME    ARTICLES  are  Invited  to  wrtti 

[particulars  of  Hubji-i  tm  IKllllllEH.  Ltd  ,  IS,  PaternoaUrr  Hquai.     I    ' 

LITERARY  RESEARCH  undertaken  at  the 
Ilrltlah  Museum  and  elsewhere  on  III  I  It  I  'f*  Mm  Excellent 
Testimonials  —  A.  II.  Boi  IMa\  Athenaeum  Pn-.s.  IS,  Breams 
Buildings.  Chancery  Lane.  I  I 

TO  LIBRARIANS  and  OTHERS.— FOR  SALE, 
ATHEN.EI'M.  complete,  clean,  and  ready  for  binding,  from 
.July,  1S98.  to  June,  im,  forming  ten  volumes.  Offers.— II  A. 
Box  1360.  Athena-urn  Press,  Bream's  Buildings,  E.C. 

I^IRST    ELEVEN    VOLUMES    (some    out    of 

I       printl     of      SUSSEX      ARCII.Eol.odKAL    COLLECTIONS. 
lUnstrating  the  History  and  Antiquities  of  the  County.   Published  by 

the  Bnsaex  An  Ideological  Society,  1(*4S.     Highest  ofTcr/ivcr  SL  taken 
for  t  b»-  Daren  Volumea. 

Alaoa  COMPLETE  SET.  1k>uiic1  in  half-calf,  of  the  ILLUSTRATED 
LONDON  NEWS.    Price 201    or  near  offer 

BURRELL,     Littlebury.    Saffron    Walden. 

ARUNDEL    CHROMOS. —Large    number     in 
stock,  many  rare  ones.      Send  8tamp  for  THIS    MONTHS 
LI8T  (giving  size  and  shape  of  each). 

8AINT  JUDE'S  DEPOT,  Birmingham. 

TO  LET,  STUDIOS  or  SMALL  ART  GAL- 
LER1ES,  4c.  near  the  South  Kensington  Art  Schools, 
Museums.  4c— For  particulars  apply  to  THE  SECRETARY,  District 
Railway,  St.  James's  Park  8tatiou,  S.W. 


S.  Y. 


ARGONAUT       CRUISES. 


261.  58.-31  days.  MARSEILLES,  ATHENS.  CONSTANTINOPLE 
PALESTINE.  EGYPT.  NAPLES.     MARCH  11  to  APRIL  13. 

121.  12s.  MARSEILLES.  TUNIS,  SICILY,  MALTA,  NAPLES. 
APRIL  15  to  27. 

Apply  SECRETARY',  5.  Endsleigh  Gardens.  N.W. ;  4,  Charing  Cross, 
S.W.  ;  SI.  Piccadilly.  W.  ;  25,  Cannon  Street,  E.C. 


©lipr-iK'tritn-s,  &r. 

A  UTHORS'  MSS. ,  NOVELS,  STORIES,  PLAYS, 

A  ESSAYS  TYPEWRITTEN  with  complete  accuracy,  9d.  per 
1,000  words.  Clear  Carlion  Copies  guaranteed.  References  to  well- 
known  Writers.— M.  STUART.  Allendale,  Kymberley  Road,  Harrow. 

YPE- WRITING,    M.    per    1,000   words.     All 

kinds  of  MSS.,  Stories,  Plays.  Novels,  4c.  accurately  TYPED. 
Clear  Carbon  Copies,  3d.  per  1.000.  References  to  well-known  Authors. 
Oxford  Higher  Local.— M.  KING,  24,  Forest  Road,  Kew  Gardens,  S.W. 


T 


TYPE-WRITING.— NOVELS,  PLAYS, 
SERMONS,  and  other  MSS.  Accurate  work.  Short  Articles 
by  return  of  post.  Carbon  Copies.  Duplicating  Circulars,  4c  Legal 
and  General  Copying.— For  terms  apply  H.  T.  HOW,  43,  Page  Street, 


Westminster,  S.W. 


TYPE-WRITING.— The  WEST  KENSINGTON 
OFFICES.  Authors' MSS..  Translations.  4c  Legal  and  General 
Copying.  Circulars,  4c,  Duplicated.  Usual  terms.  References. 
Established  fifteen  years.— SIKES  4  SIKES,  229,  Hammersmith 
Road.  W.    (Private  Address  :  13,  Wolverton  Gardens,  Hammersmith.) 

TYPE-WRITING  undertaken  by  highly  educated 
Women  (Classical  Trijios ;  Cambridge  Higher  Local:  Modem 
Languages).  Research,  Revision,  Translation,  Shorthand.  Dictation 
Room.-THE  CAMBRIDGE  TYPE-WRITING  AGENCY,  10.  Duke 
Street,  Adelphi,  W.C. 


B 


datalonws. 


O  O  K  S. 

Largest  Stock  in  London  of 

PUBLISHERS'  REMAINDER  STOCKS. 

All  in  perfectly  New  condition,  as  originallv  published,  but  at 

GREATLY  REDUCED  PRICES. 

Catalogues  post  free. 

WILLIAM  GLAISHER.  Remainder  and  Discount  Bookseller, 

265,  High  Holborn,  London. 

H.  H.  PEACH, 

ST.  Belvoir  Street,  Leicester,  England, 

regrets  that,  owing  to  continued  ill-health,  he  is  giving  up  the  Anti- 
quarian Book  Business  carried  on  at  the  above  address,  and  takes  this 
opportunity  of  thanking  those  who  through  their  kindness  helped  to 
make  the  Business  a  success.  The  Stock,  consisting  mainly  of  Early 
Printing,  Scarce  Tracts,  4c, 

HAS  BEEN  PURCHASED  BT 

PM.         BARNARD,        M.  A. 
•  (formerly  Classical  Scholar  of  Christ's  College,  Cambridge), 
10,  DUDLEY  ROAD  (opposite  the  Opera  House), 
TUN  BRIDGE  WELLS,  ENGLAND. 
P.  M.  BARNARD  will  be  glad  to  execute  Orders  from  any  of  H.  H. 
PEACH'S  CATALOGUES. 

JUST  ISSUED 

PEACH    CATALOGUE    No.   28.      Manuscripts, 

Incunabula,  Law,  Miscellaneous  Books,  comprising  many  recent 
Purchases  from  important  Collections. 

P.  M.  BARNARD  HAS  RECENTLY  ISSUED  :- 

18.  BOOKS    on    KENT  —  Historical    Tracts— 


19.  MISCELLANEOUS  BOOKS,  including  Occult 

and  Old  Science. 

IN  PREPARATION. 

INCUNABULA— Aldine  Press— Bibliography. 


20. 

P.  M.  BARNARD  is  prepared  to  undertake  the  formation  of  Libraries 
or  Collections  on  Special  Subjects. 

Siiecial  attention  given  to  INCUNABULA.  EARLY  WOODCUTS,  and 
interesting  out-of-the-way  Books  of  all  sorts. 

rPHK  READER'S  OPPORTUNITY.— Thousands 

J  of  the  Best  Books  at  from  25  to  80  per  cent,  below  the  original 
prices.  Largest  and  liest  Stock  of  Secondhand  and  New  Remainder 
Rooks  in  the  World-Write  for  our  MARCH  CATALOGUE.— W.  H 
SMITH  4  SON.  Library  Department,  1S6.  Strand,  London.  W.C. 


T  IVRES,     BABBfi  Ml'.IElX- Gravui- 

J  J     Fortralla— To|*f  rapble—  Lilterature— Amrrb-aua      Any  kind  of 

um.lied.       CATAI.  •      •      I. 

r-   l.lbl   Ml  '.,)■  lilt  Road.  London.  B  W. 

ANCIENT  and   MODERN   COINS.—  Col!- 
and   Antiquarians  are  Invited    to    apply    to    SPIMC  k 
Limited,  for  Hpedmen  Copy  (gratis)  of  their  Masl-U  Al  l<    I  I 
I.AI:      The  finest  <iie»k.  Roman   ami  English  Colo*  on  \  i"»   and  fut 
*>ale  at  Moderate  Prices.— HPIMK  ft  SON.    limui,.    KilnriU.   \.         i 
and  Cataloguers.  IS.   17,  and  It.  Piccadilly.  Loudon.  W.     KtUbliahed 
upwar.li  of  a  Century. 

READERS  AND  COLLECTORS  should  write 
for  J     BALDWINS    MONTHLY    CATALi 
HASH  IP  i<  >KN.  i>ost  free  on  application.      Genuine  bargains  in  I 
Editions  and  Scarce  Items      Books  in  all  Branches  of   Literature. 
No  fancy  prices.     Parcels  sent  on  approval  if  desired.— Address  14. 
Osborne  Bond.  Leyton,  Essex. 

BERTRAM         DOBELL, 
SECONDHAND  BOOKSELLER  and  PUBLISHER, 
77.  Charing  Cross  Koad,  London,  W  < 
A  large  Stock    of    Old   and    Rare    Book,  in     Enxllib   Literature 
including  Poetry  and  the  Drama— Shakespearian*— First  Editions  et 
Famous  Authors—  Manuscripts-Illustrated  Books,  ftc.  CATALOGUE* 
fre«  on  application. 


M 


A    G     G     S  BROS., 

109,  Strand,  London.  W.c  . 

DEALERS  IN  RARE  AND  VALUABLE  BOOKS. 

PRINTS.  AND  AUTOGRAPHS. 

CATALOGUES   sent   lost   free   to  all    j«irts   of  the  World. 

Export  Orders  solicited. 

Telegraphic  and  Cable  Address :  "  Bibliolite,  London." 

Telephone:  "  Gerrard  4861." 

BOOKS.— ALL  OUT-OF-PRINT  and  RARE 
BOOKS  on  any  subject  SUPPLIED.  The  most  expert  Bookfinder 
extant.  Please  state  wants  and  ask  for  CATALOGUE.  I  make  a 
sjiecial  feature  of  exchanging  any  Saleable  Books  for  others  selected 
from  my  various  Lists.  S|>ecial  List  of  2.000  Books  I  i«rticularly  want 
post  free.— EDW.  EAKERSGreat  Bookshop.  14-16,  John  BrightStreet. 
Birmingham.  Oscar  Wilde's  Poems,  Ul«.,  for  10a  6d. ;  Harms-worth's 
Encyclopaedia,  10  vols,  last  edit..  Us. ;  Who's  Who.  2  vols.  1907.  is. 

CATALOGUE  No.  48.—  Drawings  of  the  Early 
English  School— Turner's  Lilier  Studiorum.  and  other  Ensra rings 
after  Turner— Etchings  by  Turner.  8.  Palmer,  Whistler — .Ispaiiese 
Colour-Prints— Fine-Art  Books— Works  by  Ruskin.  Post  free.  Six- 
pence.—WM.  WARD,  2,  Church  Terrace,  Richmond,  8urrey. 

WOODCUTS,  EARLY  BOOKS.  M88.,  ftc 

LEIGHTONS  ILLUSTRATED  CATALOGUE, 
Containing  1,350  Facsimiles. 
Thick  8vo,  art  cloth,  2Si. ;  half-morocco,  80s. 
Part  XIII.,    Cal-Chrys.  with  164  Facsimiles,  including  Bemers's 
Froissarr.   Cambridge  Bindings,    Capgrave,   1516,   Cepio.  1477.    and  a 
large  collection  of  Early  Chronicles.  [.Vow  ready.    Prict  Is. 

3.  4  J.  LEIGHTON, 
40,  Brewer  Street.  Golden  Square,  London,  W. 


Jbitrjors'  ^gmts. 


THE  AUTHOR'S  AGENCY.— Established  187* 
The  interests  of  Authors  capably  represented.  Agreements  foe 
Publishing  arranged.  MSS.  placed  with  Publishers.—  Terms  and  Testi 
monials  ou  application  to  Mr.  A.  M.  BCKGHES.  34,  Paternoster  Row 


Printers. 


ATHEN^UM  PRESS.^JOHN  EDWARD 
FRANCIS.  Printer  of  the  AOuiurnm.  Sottt  and  Qumtt.  *e..  is 
prepared  to  SUBMIT  ESTIMATES  for  all  kinds  of  BOOK.  NEWS, 
ami  PERIODICAL  PRINTING.—  1*.  Bream's  Buildings,  Chancery 
Lane.  E.C. 


J^alrs  bu  Auction. 


MESSRS.  CHRISTIE,  MANSON  ct  WOODS 
respectfully  rive  notice  that  they  will  hold  the  following 
SALES  by  AUCTION  at  their  Great  Rooms.  King  Street,  St.  James's 
Square,  the  Sales  commencing  at  1  o'clock  precisely  :— 

On  TUESDAY,  March  10,  RHODIAN,  PER- 
SIAN. DAMASCUS  FAIENCE,  the  Property  of  a  GENTLEMAN 

On  WEDNESDAY,  March  11,  the  LIBRARY 

of  the  late  T.  H.  ISM  AY',  Esq.,  and  other  valuable  Books  from  various 
Sources. 

On  THURSDAY,  March  12,  OLD  ENGLISH 

SILVER  PLATE  of  R.  L.  PEMBERTON.  Esq..  deceased.  E.  K.  I. 
WYATT  DAVIES,  Esq..  deceased,  and  others. 

On      FRIDAY,      March     13,      PORCELAIN. 

DECORATIVE  OBJECTS,  and  FURNITURE,  the  Property  of 
WILLIAM  CONNAL.  Esq  ,  H   MILNER.  Esq..  and  others. 

On  SATURDAY,  March  14.  the  COLLECTION 

of  MODERN  PICTURES  and  DRAWINGS  of  WILLIAM  I'ONNAL. 
Ran  ml  MODERN  PICTURES  and  DRAWINGS,  the  Property  of  a 
GENTLEMAN. 

Curiottltiff. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS'S  NEXT  SALE  of 
CURIOSITIES  will  take  place  on  TUESDAY  NEXT. 
March  10,  at  half-past  12  o'clock,  and  will  include  a  very  fine  lot 
Of  FETISH  FIGURES  just  received  from  the  Congo— Collect  ion 
Of  Hindu  Bronie  Figures  and  Deities— Oriental  and  English  China- 
Old  Jewellery— Pictures— Prints  and  Curios  of  every  Description. 

On  view  dav  prior  10  to  5  and  morning  of  Sale.  Catalogues  on 
application  to  the  AUCTIONEER.  38,  King  Btreet.  Covent  Garden. 
Loudon,  W.C. 

Sales  of  Miscellaneous  Property. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  begs  to  announce  that 
8ALES  are  held  EVERY  FRIDAY',  at  his  Rooms.  3S.  King 
Street  Covent  Garden.  London,  W.C.  for  the  disposal  of  MICRO 
SCOPES.  SLIDES  and  OB-1ECTIVE3  — Telescopes-Theodoli!  ■-- 
Levels— Electrical  and  Scientific  Instruments— Cameras.  Leme*.  and 
all  kinds  of  Photographic  A pi»ratu«— Optical  Lanterns,  with  Slides 
and  all  Accessories  in  great  variety  by  Best  Makers— Household 
Furniture— Jewellery— and  other  Miscellaneous  Troj^rty. 
On  view  Thursday  2  to  5  and  morning  of  Sale. 


No.  4193,  March  7,  1908 


THE    ATHENAEUM 


275 


Autograph  Letter*  and  Historical  Documents. 

MESSRS.  SOTHEBY,  WILKINSON  &  HODGE 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  House,  No.  13.  Wellington 
Street,  Strand,  W.C.,  on  TUESDAY.  March  10,  and  Following 
Day,  at  1  o'clock  precisely,  AUTOGRAPH  LETTERS  and 
HISTORICAL  DOCUMENTS,  including  Holograph  Letters  of 
King  Charles  I.  and  Henrietta  Maria,  and  Signatures  of  Q.  Elizabeth, 
James  I.,  Cromwell,  &c— an  extensive  Correspondence  addressed  to 
Lord  Nelson— Autograph  Scores  by  0.  Gounod,  and  Letters  from  other 
Composers— an  interesting  Series  of  Letters  from  \V.  M.  Thackeray  to 
JLady  (then  Mrs.)  James— Documents  signed  by  French  Kings  and 
Napoleon  Bonaparte— Albums  of  Autographs,  &c. 

May  be  viewed.    Catalogues  may  be  had. 

Books  and  Manuscripts. 

MESSRS.  SOTHEBY,  WILKINSON  &  HODGE 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION  at  their  House.  No.  13.  Wellington 
Street.  Strand,  W.C.,  on  THURSDAY,  March  12,  and  Following  Day, 
at  1  o'clock  precisely,  BOOKS  and  MANUSCRIPTS  comprising  a  large 
Collection  of  Works  on  England,  Scotland,  and  Ireland,  chiefly  in 
Foreign  Languages— French  and  German  Translations  of  Standard 
English  Authors— Collections  of  scarce  Historical  Pamphlets  from 
the  time  of  Henry  VIII.  to  that  of  George  IV.,  including  many  scarce 
items— Early  Printed  Books— Black  -  Letter  Divinity— Works  on 
Natural  History,  Travel,  Architecture  and  Furniture— Modern  Poetry 
and  Art  Books.  &c. 

May  be  viewed  two  days  prior.       Catalogues  may  be  had. 

The  choice  Collection  of  English    Coins   and    Medals,   the 
Property  of  H.  C.  BRUNXING,  Esq.,  deceased. 

MESSRS.  SOTHEBY,  WILKINSON  &  HODGE 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION  (by  order  of  the  Executorsl  at  their 
House,  No.  13,  Wellington  Street.  Strand,  W.C.,  on  WEDNESDAY, 
March  18,  at  1  o'clock  precisely,  the  choice  COLLECTION  of 
ENGLISH  COINS  and  MEDALS  (including  some  Continental 
Medalsl.  the  Property  of  H.  C.  BRUNNING,  Esq.,  deceased,  late  of 
Hove,  Brighton,  and  of  the  Stock  Exchange,  London. 

May  be  vie>ved  two  days  prior.    Illustrated  Catalogues  may  be  had. 

The  choice  Library  of  valuable  and  rare  Printed  Books  and 
Ancient  Manuscripts  of  the  late  Right  Rev.  JOHN 
GOTT,  D.D.,  Lord  Bishop  of  Truro. 

MESSRS.  SOTHEBY,  WILKINSON  &  HODGE 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION  (by  order  of  the  Executors),  at  their 
House,  No.  13,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C.,  on  FRIDAY, 
March  20.  and  Following  Day,  at  1  o'clock  precisely,  the  choice 
LIBRARY  of  valuable  and  rare  PRINTED  BOOKS  and  ANCIENT 
MANUSCRIPTS  of  the  late  Right  Rev.  JOHN  GOTT,  D.D.,  Lord 
Bishop  of  Truro,  comprising  a  large  Series  of  Bibles,  Testaments, 
Prayers,  and  other  Service  Books — Illuminated  Books  of  Hours — the 
Four  Shakespeare  Folios,  and  First  Edition  of  the  Merchant  of  Venice 
— First  Editions  of  Milton  and  Spenser — the  Works  of  Purchas  and 
Hakluyt  — fine  Topographical  Books  and  Prints— Fine-Art  Galleries 
and  Books  of  Prints— Special  Copies  with  Extra  Illustrations,  tc„ 
all  in  fine  condition  and  bound  by  well-known  Binders. 

May  be  viewed  two  days  prior.    Catalogues  may  be  had. 


M 


Valuable  Miscellaneous   Books. 
ESSRS.    HODGSON  &  CO.   will   SELL    by 

AUCTION,  at  their  Rooms,  IIS,  Chancery  Lane,  W.C.,  on 
WEDNESDAY.  March  18,  and  Two  Following  Days,  VALUABLE 
MISCELLANEOUS  BOOKS,  including  the  LIBRARY  of  a  GENTLE- 
MAN (deceased),  and  a  SELECTION  from  an  OLD  LIBRARY, 
lemoved  from  the  Country,  comprising  Folio  Books  of  Engravings — 
Bulliard,  Herbier  de  la  France,  5  vols.— Blume'9  Flora  Javtc.  3  vols.— 
Teinniiiick,  Manuel  d'Ornithologie.  6  vols.  —  Cramer,  Papillons 
Exotiques,  4  vols.,  and  other  Works  in  Natural  History,  Botany,  and 
Gardening — Black-Letter  Year  Books  and  Works  in  Old  English  Litera- 
ture— Pearson's  Reprints,  36  vols.,  some  on  Large  Paper — Pamphlets 
relating  to  America,  the  French  Revolution,  8c— The  Writings  of 
Arthur  Young,  17  vols  —a  Complete  Set  of  Dodsley'a  Annual  Register 
to  190.1.  149  vols— Pepys's  Diary,  by  Wheatley,  10  vols— Horace 
Wali«ole's  Letters.  Library  Edition.  9  vols.— Ruskin's  Modern  Painters, 
S  vols..  Best  Editions— The  Historical  Works  of  Kinglake.  Gardiner, 
Creighton,  and  others— Burton's  Arabian  Nights,  16  vols.— First 
Editions  of  Esteemed  Authors— Engravings,  &c. 
Catalogues  on  application. 

Valuable  Books. 

MESSRS.  PUTTICK  &  SIMPSON  will  SELL 
by  AUCTION  at  their  Galleries,  47.  Leicester  Square,  W.C.. 
on  TUESDAY.  March  17.  and  Following  Day.  BOOKS,  comprising 
Libraries  removed  from  Maiden,  Charlbury.  and  Grosvenor  Place, 
including  Botanical  and  Natural  History  Books— Library  Sets  of 
Standard  Works,  and  Rare  First  Editions,  among  which  will  be 
found  Matthew  Arnold's  Alaric  at  Rome.  1840  in  the  Original 
Wrappers— Keats's  Endvinion.  1818,  First  Edition— Gerarde's  Herbal, 
1636  — Parkinson's  Paradiei  in  Sole— Sweet's  British  Flower  Garden— a 
Set  of  the  Microscopical  Journal— Ireland's  Napoleon.  4  voIb.— Wil- 
liamson and  Howitte  Wild  Sports,  oblong  folio,  1808— and  other 
scarce  and  valuable  Items. 

Catalogues  in  preparation. 


K 


TO   BE  SOLD  BY  AUCTION   BY  MESSRS. 

NIGHT,       FRANK      &       RUTLEY, 

9,   Conduit  Street  anil  21a,    Maddox  Street,   W. 
AT    THE    CONDUIT    8TREET    AUCTION    GALLERIES. 

On  THURSDAY  and  FRIDAY  NEXT,  March 

.1     U    (by  order    of    Trustees!,    valuable  WORKS  of  ART— 
Paintings  and  Drawings— Silver— English.  Oriental  and  Continental 
I  iin— Old  Persian  Rugs,  tc,  and  other  Probities. 

ON  THE   PREMISES.   GRAYLANDS.    HORSELL,   WOKING. 

On  MARCH  18,   19,  and  20  (by   order  of  the 

Administrator  of  the  late  Mrs.  ROEBUCK),  rare  OLD  ENGLISH 
PRINTS— China— Antique  Furniture- Embroideries— a  large  Collcc 
tion  of  Artistic  Furniture— and  the  entire  Contents  of  the  Residence. 

AT  THE   CONDUCT  STREET  AUCTION  UALLERIE8. 

On  MARCH   19  and  20,  the  COLLECTION  of 

tbel.it.-  MARQUIS!  DE  LEUVILLEiby  order  of  the  Exccutors)- 
rare  Antofimpha,  Plctora,  Plate,  4c. 

On      MARCH     28    and    27,    ANCIENT    and 

MODERN  SILVER  and  JEWELS 

Bxoooton,  Solicitors  and  Owners  may  note  that  the  Conduit  Street 
Auction  QatlerfM  an  open  I)AIL\  to  r.-r.-lvc  Jewellery,  Silver, 
Picture*,  Furniture,  China,  Books,  Antiques  and  other  Valuables  for 
EARLY  SALE  by  AUCTION 


ittngn^incs,  &c. 


FREE  TRADERS  should  read  'LE  LIBRE 
ftOHARQl  AU  POINT  DE  VITE  ANGLAIS'  LfoftTna!  </<•« 
KeonomUU*,  December,  1907),  by  WILLIAM  Holloway.  ha  Oxon 
Westgat»on  Sea,  Author  of  'The  New  Dun.  lad.'  The  Editor  of  tin- 
lUi'n-  il't  Dkis  Mondti  writes  :— "fitude  fort.  Inill— illli"  The 
Editor  of  the  Journal dtt  EcoitomitUt  says  :— "  Votrc  excellent  art  Ida." 


c 


ON  TEMPORARY 

REVIEW.     MARCH.    2s.  6d. 

THE   BRITISH   ARMY  OF  TO-DAY.    By  Major  Von  Heydebreck 
of  the  German  General  Stall. 

MY  PROFESSION  OF  FAITH.    By  Father  Petroff. 

THE  FIRST  OF  FEBRUARY  IN  LISBON.    By  Jean  Finot. 

MODERNISM.    By  Paul  Sabatier. 

ARBITRATION  COURTS  AND  WAGES  BOARDS  IN  AUSTRAL- 
ASIA.   By  J.  Ramsay  Macdonald,  M.P. 

THE  CHARM  OF  FRENCH  VERSE.    By  Edward  Wright. 

AUSTRIA-HUNGARY,    ITALY,    AND    THE    WEST    BALKANS. 
By  Scotus  Viator. 

THE  PROSPECTS  OF  LIBERALISM.    By  Prof.  L.  T.  Hobhouse. 

SIR    EDWARD   GREY    ON    CAPTURE    AT   SEA.     By  Sir  John 
Macdonell,  C.B. 

FOREIGN  AFFAIRS.    By  Dr.  E.  J.  Dillon. 

LITERARY   SUPPLEMENT  :- 

POETRY  AND  MODERN  THOUGHT.     By  Museus. 
REVIEWS    OF    BOOKS  -.—Sir    Henry    Wotton  ;    The    Modern 
Church ;    The     Philosophy     of      Common     Sense ;     Wireless 
Telephony ;    Professor    Elton's    Essays ;    Sir    George    Grey ; 
James  Thomson.  Ac. 

London:    HORACE    MARSHALL   &   SON. 

THE   BUILDER   (founded    1842),   4,  Catherine 
Street.  London,  W.C..  MARCH  7th,  contains  :— 
ENGLISH   MEDI.EVAL  ARCHITECTURE  IN    ANCIENT 

SEALS.     With  Illustrations. 
ROYAL  ACADEMY  LECTURES  ON  ARCHITECTURE. 
BRITISH  SCHOOL  AT  ROME. 
OXFORD  (Architectural  Association). 
ROCHDALE  NEW  BATRS  COMPETITION. 
BUILDING  TRADES  EXHIBITION.  MANCHESTER. 
REINFORCED  CONCRETE  BEAM  FORMUL.E. 
RENAISSANCE  AND  MODERN  CHURCHES  OF  PARIS  : 

III.  STE.  GENEVIEVE  (now  the  Pantheon). 
DESIGN    FOR  AN   OPEN-AIR    THEATRE.      (Tite    Prize 

Design.) 
POORHOUSE  FOR  THE  PARISH  OF  ABERDEEN. 

From  Offices  as  above  (id.  by  post  ikd. ),  at  Rail- 
way Bookstalls,  Bookshops,  and  of  all  Newsagents. 


Demy  8vo,  cloth,  15s.  net. 
rpiIE      HISTORY      OF       ASSAM. 

By  E.  A.  GAIT,  Indian  Civil  Service. 
With  Photogravure  Plates  and  a  Map. 
Contents  .-—Prehistoric  and  Traditional  Rulers.  The 
Period  from  the  Seventh  to  the  Twelfth  Centuries.  Events 
of  Thirteenth  to  Fifteenth  Centuries  (excluding  Ahom 
History).  The  Koch  Kings.  The  Rise  of  the  Ahom 
Kingdom.  The  Period  of  the  Muhammadan  Wars.  The 
Climacteric  of  Ahom  Rule.  The  Decay  and  Fall  of  the 
Ahom  Kingdom.  The  Ahom  System  of  Government.  The 
Kacharis.  The  Jaintia  Kings.  Manipur.  Sylhet.  The 
Burmese  War.  Consolidation  of  British  Rule.  Relations 
with  Frontier  Tribes.  Important  Events  of  Recent  Times 
Growth  of  Tea  Industry. 

W.  THACKER  &  CO.  2,  Creed  Lane,  E.C. 

THE 

INTERNATIONAL 

No.   i  (MARCH),   NOW  READY. 
Is.    net. 

PRINCIPAL    CONTENTS. 

CONCERNING  CYNICISM.     By  Maxim  Gorky. 

SUNDAY  OBSERVANCE  IN  ENGLAND. 

By  W.  T.  Stead. 

THE  FUTURE    OF    THE  RELIGIOUS  TEM- 
PERAMENT. By  Emile  Boutroux. 

THE  GERMAN  COLONISATION  OF  POLAND. 

By  Dr.  H.  Hasse. 

FIDUS.     With  Illustrations.  By  A.  Rentsch. 

THE  WORLD'S  PROGRESS. 

The  Future  of  Religion.    By  the  Editor. 

SOCIAL  REFORM. 

Legislation  and  Alcohol. 

By   Dr.    R.    Hercod. 

THE  LABOUR  MOVEMENT. 
Socialism   versus   Labour. 

By  Edward  R.  Pease. 

SCIENCE  AND  INVENTIONS. 

More   about   the  Telerutograph. 

RELIGION. 

The    Freethought    and   Ethical   Move- 
ments in  England.       By  Joseph  MoCabe. 

DRAMA   AND  ART. 

Australian  Literary  Temx.m  us. 

By  Katharine  Pritelmrd. 

FREE.- -A  Copy  of  No.  1  of  THE  INTER- 
NA TI0NAL  will  be  sent  to  any  reader 
of  the  '  Athenceum '  on  receipt  of 
3d.  for  postage. 

T.  FISHER  UNWIN,  1,  Adelphi  Terrace,  London. 


WELLS    GARDNER, 
DARTON    &    CO.,    Ltd. 

TOWERS   AND    SPIRES: 

Their  Design  and  Arrangement. 
By  the  Rev.  E.  TYRRELL  GREEN,  M.A., 

Lecturer  in  Architecture  at  St.  David's   College, 

Lampeter. 

With  129  Illustrations  from  Pen-and-ink  Drawings 

by  the  Author  and  2  Maps. 

Royal  8vo,  cloth  boards,  10*.  M. 

"  Many  men  not  professionally  interested  will 

take  a  pleasure  in  reading  this  book a  valuable 

systematic  account  of   the    various    styles the 

details  happily  reproduced  in  the  illustrations." 

ScotSTnan. 

TOWERS    AND    SPIRES: 

Their  Design  and  Arrangement. 

"A  volume  which  will  be  appreciated  by  many 
who  have  no  particular  architectural    or    eccle- 

siological  gifts We  have  nothing  but  praise  for 

the  greater  part  of  the  letterpress '.A  good  piece 

of  writing most  informing." — Athenctum. 


ELLICE  HOPKINS :  a  Memoir. 

By  ROSA  M.  BARRETT. 

Introduction  by  the  Rev.  Canon  H. 
SCOTT  HOLLAND. 

With  Portrait.     Crown  8vo,  cloth  boards,  3s.  6a'. 

ELLICE  HOPKINS :  a  Memoir. 

By  ROSA  M.  BARRETT. 
"Of    Miss   Hopkins's   power    Bishop  Lightfoot 
said  :  '  She  is  the  ablest  woman  I  have  ever  met. ' 

This  memoir  should  be  a  source  of  inspiration 

to  thousands. "—  Church  Times. 


SALT     AND      SINCERITY. 

From  '  Letters  to  Belinda.' 

By    ARTHUR    L.    HUMPHREYS 
("  Arthur  Pendenys  "). 

Crown  8vo,  cloth,  3s.  6d.  net. 

SALT     AND     SINCERITY. 

"  Full  of  good  things should  be  welcomed  by 

all." — Daily  Mail. 


A  NEW  AND  ORIGINAL  BOOK  FOR  CHIL- 
DREN by  the  AUTHOR  of  'MRS.  GREEN,'  &c. 

OTHERLAND. 

By  EVELYNE   E.    RYND, 
Author  of  '  Mrs.  Green.' 

With     numerous     Illustrations     by     DOROTHY 

FURNISS. 

Demy  8vo,  printed  on  superfine  paper,  fancy  art 

linen  boards,  3*.  (id. 

OTHERLAND. 

"A  book  of  quite  exceptional  merit." — Guardian. 


SECOND   EDITION  NOW   READY. 

WHY  WHY    AND    TOM  CAT. 

By  "BROWN  LINNET 
With    numerous    Illustrations   by  CORDON- 
BROWNE.     Demy  Bvo,  doth,  Si.  <></. 

WHY  WHY    AND     TOMCAT. 

"  A   real  children's  lxxik  for  children  of  the  best 

kind.''    Morning  Leader. 


London  :  WELLS  OAKDNER,  DARTON  *  CO., 
Ltd.,  3,  Paternoster  Buildings,  1  I 


276 


T  II  E     AT  H  KNJEUM 


No.  4193,  .March  7,  1908 


MR.    HEINEMANN'S  NEW  BOOKS. 

MEMORIES  OF 

EIGHT    PABLIAMENTS. 

By  HENRY  W.  LUCY. 

with  Portrait     1  rol  demy  Bro,  as.  m.  net. 
"  Sometimes    the    picture    is    deecilptiTe,    sometime! 
critical,  hut  in  all  cases  both  pregnant  and  suggestive." 

Dnilti  Telegraph. 

RECORDS    OF 

STIRRING    TIMES. 

Baaed   upon   Unpublished    Document*,   1786-1822. 

By  l lie  Authoress  of  '  Old  Days  in  Diplomacy.' 

Edito<l  by  M.  MONTGOMERY-CAMPBELL. 

Illustrated.    l  vol.  demy  Svo.    10*.  net.*  [March  13. 

*J*  These  letters  emanate  from  various  well-known  per- 
sonages in  the  inner  circle  of  Court  and  political  life, 
covering  a  period  of  nearly  a  hundred  years.  They  include 
letters  From  the  family  of  George  III.,  in  which  the  general 
reader  will  find  plenty  of  amusement,  and  the  student 
much  of  historical  value. 

MEMOIRS  OF  THE 

COMTESSEdeBOIGNE 

The  THIRD  Volumo  (1820-1830),  completing  the 
work,  is  now  ready.  Demy  8vo,  10s.  net. 

"The  second  .and  third  volumes  are  even  more  interesting 
than  the  first.  The  excellent  translation  will  introduce 
these  to  a  large  number  of  readers." — Spectator. 

Uniform  -with  the  above,  10s.  net  each.* 
Vol.  I.,  1781-1814,  and  Vol.  IL,  1815-1819. 

NEW    SIX-SHILLING    NOVELS. 

NEW  NOVEL  BY  MISS  ELIZABETH  ROBINS. 

GOME  AND  FIND  ME 

By  ELIZABETH  ROBINS, 
Author  of  '  The  Magnetic  North,'  Ac. 
"  Keeps  one  enthralled.     A  remarkable  book,  full  of  life 
and  wonder  ;  a  book  that  to  read  is  a  liberal  education." 

Morning  Poxt. 

A  THIRD  LAROE  IMPRESSION  IS  NOW  READY 
OF  MR.  DE  MORGAN'S  NEW  NOVEL. 

SOMEHOW    GOOD. 

By  WILLIAM  DE  MORGAN, 

Author  of  '  Joseph  Vance '  and  '  Alice  for  Short.' 
"  Mr.  De  Morgan  is  becoming  a  national  institution.  We 
cannot  do  without  him.  He  invites  you  to  his  comfort- 
ably furnished  novel  for  a  week-end  among  the  most 
conversable  entertaining  people,  and  you  accept  and  are 
enchanted.     You  would  lie  an  idiot  if  you  did  not." — Times. 

A  SECOND  LARGE  IMPRESSION  IS  NOW  READY  OF 

THE    PULSE    OF    LIFE. 

By  Mrs.  BF.LLOC-LOWNDES, 

Author   of    '  Barbara    Rebell,'    &c. 

"  Mrs.  Belloc-Lowndes  has  a  distinction  of  mind  and  of 

style  which  set  her  far  apart  from    and  far   above    the 

ordinary  novel-writer.     It  is  difficult  to  put  the  book  down 

till  it  is  finished." — Westminster  Gazette. 

WHITE  ROSE  OF  WEARY  LEAF. 

By  VIOLET  HUNT. 
"An  extraordinary  novel.      It  Is  certain   to  achieve  a 
remarkable    popularity   and   vogue.     It   is  crowded   with 
real     people,    and     pulsates    with    real    perplexities    and 
passion."— Standard. 

[Third 
Impression. 


SHEAVES 


By  E.  F.  BENSON, 

Author  of  '  The  House  of  Defence,'  &c. 

"  Mr.  Benson  has  never  done  anything  better." — Truth. 

THE    HISTORY   OF 

AYTHAN  WARING. 

By  VIOLET  JACOB,  Author  of  'The  Sheepstealers.' 
"  A  supremely  good  novel."— Pall  Mall  Gazette. 

THE  NIGHT  THAT  BRINGS 
OUT  STARS. 

By  GEORGETTE  AGNEW. 

THE    ISLAND   PHARISEES. 

By  JOHN  GALSWORTHY, 
Author  of  'The  Man  of  Property,'  <vc. 

[S$W  and  Revised  Edition. 

*  Prospectus    on    application. 
WM.  HEINEMANN,  21,  Bedford   Street,  W.C. 


MR.       N   U  T  T  '  S 

ANNOUNCEMENTS. 


VOLUMES  I.   AND  II.   NEARLY  READY. 

WILLIAM  ERNEST  HENLEY.  COL- 
LECTED WRITINGS.  Library  Edition. 
7  Tola.,  extra  orown  8v<>.  Printed  at  the 
Constable  Press  on  Special  Hand-Made  Paper. 
Limited  to  7.">()  copies.     21.  2s.  int. 

This  Edition,  of  whioh  Volumes  I.  and  II.  will 
ho  issued  on  the  16th  inst. ,  is  designed  to  include 
all  those  writings  which,  it  is  believed,  W.  E. 
Henley  himself  would  have  chosen  to  preserve  in 
permanent  form  and  shape.  Two  volumes  of 
'Poems'  will  he  followed  by  two  volumes  of 
4  Essays  '  in  prose,  which,  not  having  been  hitherto 
gathered  together,  are  inaccessible  to  the  general 
reader.  The  familiar  '  Views  and  Reviews ' 
(2  vols.),  and  the  four  'Plays'  which  YV.  E. 
Henley  wrote  in  collaboration  with  R.  L.  Steven- 
son, will  complete  the  edition. 

JUST   PUBLISHED. 

CASTELEIN  (Prof.  A.) -THE  CONGO 
STATE:  its  Origin,  Rights,  and 
Duties,  the  Charges  of  its  Ac- 
cusers. With  Prefatory  Letter  by  Mr.  CH. 
WOESTE  (the  Leader  of  the  Ministerial  Party 
in  Belgium).  Crown  8vo,  paper  wrapper, 
3s.  net. 

The  first  impartial  and  authoritative  work  on 
this  much  vexed  question. 

A   NORTH   COUNTRY   ROMANCE. 

KATHLEEN.        By     Fergus     Graham. 

Crown  8vo,  cloth,  60. 

NOW  READY  AT  ALL  BOOKSELLERS. 

Should  appeal  to  all  who  are  familiar  with  the 
conditions  and  opinions  obtaining  in  Modern  Scot- 
tish Society. 


THE     CLASSICAL    REVIEW. 


Vol.  XXII. 


MARCH,  1908.        No.  2.   Is.  net. 


Contents. 

ORIGINAL  CONTRIBUTIONS:— 

The  Teaching  of  Latin  in  Grammar  Schools.  FRANK 
JONES. 

Note  on  the  Country  Festival  in  Tibullus  II.  i. 
W.  WARDE  FOWLER. 

Gods  in  the  'Eclogues'  and  the  Arcadian  Club. 
R.  W.  R. 

The  Beacon  Speech  In  the  '  Agamemnon.'  F.  MELIAN 
STAWELL. 

Sophokles,  '  Elektra'  724  ft.    M.  A.  BAYFIELD. 

Martial  III.  93  18-22.     A.  E.  HOUSMAN. 

Early  Uses  of  Bronze  and  Iron.     ANDREW  LANG. 

Etymology  of  '  Folium.'    J.  FRASER. 

Emendation  of  the  New  Menander  Fragments. 

Note  on  Sophocles,  '  Oedipus  Tyrannns,'  1218,  9. 
CORRESPONDENCE. 
REVIEWS  :— 

Arnold's  'Studies  of  Roman  Imperialism'  and  'The 
Roman  System  of  Provincial  Administration.'  II.  J. 
EDWARDS. 

Larue  van  Hook's  'The  Metaphorical  Terminology  of 
Greek  Rhetoric  and  Literary  Crititisin.'  W.  RHYS 
ROBERTS. 

Ramsay's  '  Studies  in  the  History  and  Art  of  the  East  ern 
Provinces  of  the  Roman  Empire.'    E.  L.  HICKS. 

Adamson's  'Practice of  Instruction.'   E.  LYTT ELTON. 
SHORT  NOTICES. 
ARCHAEOLOGY  :— 

Lost  Fragments  of  the  Iphlgeneia  Group  at  Copen- 
hagen.    F.  STUDNIC/.K A. 

Monthly  Record.    E.  J.  FORSDYKE. 
NEWS  AND  COMMENTS. 
VERSIONS  :— 

English  Poetry  with  Greek  Translation. 

Vergil's  Messianic  Eclogue. 
BOOKS  RECEIVED. 

DAVID  NUTT,  57-59,  Long  Acre. 


FOUR  NEW  BOOKS  READY  MARCH  11. 
A  Book  that  will  sell  by  thousands .' 

THE  IRONY  OF   MARRIAGE. 

By  RASH  i"/l.K  By  post, 

lH-  DOt-  With  an  Introductory  Note  by  Is.    2d 

Dr.  c.  w.  BALKKBT,  I   1:  JLKdta.       net. 

A    cynical     indictment     of    Motel    Marriag<-    an-i 
"  Met! 

"THE  WIFE." 

A  Story  of  Smart  Suburban  and  Homely 
Aristocratic  Life. 

6s.  By   HOBACE    W.    C.    NEWTE,  6a. 

A    DAUGHTER    OF    BELIAL. 

A  Sensational  Novel. 

6s.  By  BASIL  IOZKB.  6s. 

MORAG   THE   SEAL. 

A  Fascinating  West  Highland  Romance. 


6s. 


By  J.  W.  BRODIE  INNER 


6s. 


RECENTLY  ISSUED. 

"THE     MASTER     BEAST" 

A.D.  1888  2020. 

3s.  6d.  By  HORACE  W.  C.  NKWTE.  3s.  6d 

net.  Just  published,  crown  8vo,  cloth.  net. 

A  novel  to  combat  Socialism,  giving  a  graphic  account 

of  the  ruthless  tryanny  inflicted  on  the  British  people  by 

Socialism  in  A.n.  2020. 

MONISM? 

An    Antidote    to   Prof.    Haeckel's    '  The    Riddle  of   the 

Universe.' 

Is.  net.        By  S.  PH.  MARCUS,  M.D.      By  post,  Is.  2d. 

Translated  by  R.  W.  FELKIN,  M.D.,  Ac. 

Now  ready,  crown  Svo,  141  pp.,  paper  covers. 


London : 
REBMAN,  Ltd.,   129,  Shaftesbury  Avenue. 

BERTRAM        DOBELL'S 

PUBLICATIONS. 

• 

Crown  8vo,  pp.  404,  cloth  extra,  5».  net. 

LETTERS  FROM  PERCY  BYSSHE 

SHELLEY 
TO    ELIZABETH    HITCHENER. 

Now  tirst  published. 
Crown  Svo,  cloth,  St.  net  ;  large  paper,  10a  net. 

CENTURIES   OF  MEDITATIONS. 

By  THOMAS  TliAHERSE. 

Now  first  published  from  the  Original  Manuscript. 
With  an  Introduction  and  Notes.         [Ready  soon. 

Crown  Svo,  cloth,  3#.  6d. 

THE      POETICAL      WORKS      OF 
THOMAS    TRAHERNE. 

"Let  all  lovers  of  good  poetry  rejoice  with  Mr.  Dobell. 
for  he  has  rescued  a  poet  out  of  the  dust,  ami  advanced 
him  to  a  deserved  place  beside  two  such  men  as  Herbert 
and  Vaughan."— Mr.  Quiller-COUCH  in  the  Daily  Xeict. 

Small  4to,  cloth,  E*.  net. 

THE  PARTIALL  LAW,  A  TRAGI- 
C0MEDIE. 

Written    circa    1620-30,   and    now   first  made  known  and 
printed  from  the  Original  Manuscript. 
With  an  Introduction  and  Notes.        [Ready  shortly. 

Small  4to,  cloth  extra,  7s.  Grf.  net. 

THE      WORKS,     POETIC      AND 

DRAMATIC, 
OF  WILLIAM  STRODE  (1600-1645). 

Now  first  collected  from  Manuscript  and  Printed  Sources. 
With  an  Introduction  and  Not' 

lOmo,  cloth  neat,  3s.  <W. 

THE  CITY  OF  DREADFUL  NIGHT, 

and  other  Poems  (Selected). 
By  JAMES  THOMSON  ("B.  V."). 

Crown  Svo,  cloth  extra,  3s.  net. 

ROSEMARY     AND     PANSIES. 

(Poems.)    By  BERTRAM  DOBELL. 


B.  DOBELL,  77,  Charing  Cross  Road,  W.C. 


No.  4193,  March  7,  1908 


THE    ATHENAEUM 


277 


ARCHIBALD  CONSTABLE  &  CO.  Ltd. 


FIRST    LIST    OF   ANNOUNCEMENTS,    1908. 


NEW    WORLDS    FOR   OLD.      A    Complete    Exposition    of   the  [ 

Modern  Socialist  idea.     By  H.  G.  WELLS.     Crown  8vo.  6s. 

THE    NORTH-WEST    PASSAGE.     The    Record   o     a  Voyage 

of  Exploration  of  the  Ship,  "Gjoa,"  1903-7.  By  ROALD  AMUNDSEN,  with  a 
Supplement  by  First-Lieut.  GODFRED  HANSEN.  2  vols.  With  139  Illustrations 
and  3  Maps.  31s.  6d.  net. 

ICE-BOUND  HEIGHTS   OF    THE    MUSTAGH.    An   Account 

of  Pioneer  Exploration  and  High  Climbing  in  the  Baltistan  Himalaya.  Bv  FANNY 
BULLOCK  WORKMAN  and  WILLIAM  HUNTER  WORKMAN,  M.A.  With 
2  Maps  and  170  Illustrations.  21s.  net. 

THE    LATER  YEARS  OF   CATHERINE    DE   MEDICI.     By 

EDITH  SICHEL,  Author  of  'Catherine  de  Medici  and  the  French  Reformation.' 
Illustrated.  15s.  net. 

MY    SCHOOL    AND     MY     GOSPEL.      By    Sir    Hubert    Von 

HERKOMER,  C.V.O.  E.A.  With  2  Coloured,  4  Photogravure,  and  over  40  Half- 
Tone  Illustrations.  21s.  net. 

PORTUGUESE    ARCHITECTURE. 

Illustrated.     Super-royal  Svo. 


By    W.     Crum    Watson. 
5s.  net. 


A  HISTORY  OF  THE  YOLUNTEER  FORCES,  from  the  Earliest 

Times  to  the  Year  1870,  by  CECIL  SEBAG  MONTEFIORE,  Captain  and  Hon. 
Major  1st  Midd.  Royal  Engineers.  With  4  Coloured  and  4  Photogravure  Illustra- 
tions. 15s.  net. 

MEMOIRS  OF  MONSIEUR  CLAUDE,  Chief  of  Police  under  the 

Second  Empire.    Illustrated.  12s.  6d.  net. 

THE    SOUL    OF    SPAIN.     By  Havelock  Ellis.     Demy  8vo. 

7s.  6d.  net. 

LETTERS    FROM    THE    RAYEN.     Correspondence  of  Lafcadio 

Hearn.     Edited  by  MILTON  BRONNER.  5s.  net. 

THE     SYMBOLIST     MOVEMENT     IN     LITERATURE.     By 

ARTHUR  SYMONS.    New  Edition.    Uniform  with  previous  Volumes.         5s.  net. 

THE  PROCEDURE  OF  THE  HOUSE  OF  COMMONS.  A 

Study  of  the  History  and  Present  Form.  By  JOSEF  REDLICH.  With  an  Intro- 
duction by  Sir  COURTENAY  ILBERT,  K.C.S.I.     3  vols.,  royal  8vo.    31s.  6d.  net. 

JOHN  GREENLEAF    WHITTIER.     A  Sketch  of  his  Life,  with 

Autobiographical  Poems,  by  BLISS  PERRY.    Two  Portraits.  3s.  6d.  net. 

LIFE   AND    LETTERS    OF   HIPPOLYTE   TAINE.     Vol.  III. 

(conclusion),  1871-1894.     With  a  General  Index.  7s.  6d.  net. 

Previously  issued,  Vol.  I.,  1828-1852  ;  Vol.  II.,  1853-1870. 


ELIZABETHAN    DRAMA,    1558  1642.      By  F.   E.   Schelling. 

2  vols.  3is.  6d.  net. 

ROMANTIC    TALES    FROM    THE    PANJAB.      With    Indian 

Nights    Entertainment.      Collected    by  Rev.    CHARLES    SWYNNERTON.      New 
Edition.  6s.  net 

LETTERS    FROM    INDIA.      By    A.    W.    Stratton,    sometime 

Registrar  of  Punjab  University,  and  Principal  of  Oriental  College.     With  a  Memoir 
by  his  Wife,  and  Introduction  by  Prof.  BLOOMFIELD.     Illustrated.     10s.  6d.  net. 

SHORT    PASSAGES    FROM    CARLYLE.      Selected    by    Lady 

SARAH  SPENCER.    Fcap.  8vo,  cloth.  2s.  6d.  net ;  leather,  3s.  6d.  net. 

NEW     POEMS.      By     St.     John     Lucas.      Crown    8vo. 

5s.  net. 

MORNINGS    IN    THE    COLLEGE    CHAPEL.     Second   Series. 

By  FRANCIS  GREENWOOD  PEABODY,  of  Harvard.  5s.  net. 

AIRSHIPS   PAST    AND    PRESENT.     By  A.  H.  Hildebrandt, 

Captain  and  Instructor  in  the  Prussian  Balloon  Corps.     Fully  illustrated. 

10s.  6d.  net. 

BY    THAMES    AND    COTS  WOLD,   Sketches  of  the  Country  by 

Rev.  W.  H.  HUTTON.     New  Edition.     With  Illustrations  by  W.  M.  MEREDITH. 

5s.  net. 

SHROPSHIRE,  HEREFORD,  AND   MONMOUTH.     By  A.   G. 

BRADLEY.     Illustrated    by  W.   M.   MEREDITH.     Being    reissue  of    Part  1.   of 
'  March  and  Borderland  of  Wales.'  5s.  net. 

UNIFORM    WITH   THE   ABOVE. 

GLAMORGAN   AND   GOWER.     By  A.  G.  Bradley.    Illustrated 

by  W.  M.  MEREDITH.  3s.  6d.  net. 


THE  FIRST    BOOK   OF  FARMING.     By  Charles  L.  Goodrich. 

Illustrated.  4s.  6d.  net. 

THE     BOOK,     ITS    HISTORY    AND    DEVELOPMENT.     By 

CYRIL  DAVENPORT,  V.D.    Illustrated.  Westminster  Series.)    6s.  net. 

GLASS    MANUFACTURE.     By  Walter  Rosenhain.    Illustrated. 

(Westminster  Series.)    6s.  net. 

PRECIOUS    STONES.     By  W.  Goodchild,  M.B.     Illustrated. 

(Westminster  Scries.)   6s.  net 

PATENTS,    TRADE    MARKS,  AND    DESIGNS.     By  Kenneth 

R.  SWAN,  B.A.Oxon. 


THE    ANCIENT    LAW 

THE    DAUGHTER 

THE    BURNING    CRESSET 
MR.    TUCKERMAN'S    NIECES 
A    COMEDY    OF    MOODS    ... 

MAROTZ 

ROSE    MACLEOD 


SIX -SHILLING    NOVELS. 

•  * •  ••■  •••  ... 

Author  of  'The  Deliverance.' 


Ellen  Glasgow. 
Constance  Smedley. 

Author  of  'Conflict.' 

...    „        ...     Howard  Pease. 

A  Rom&nOB  of  "the   1715"  by  the  Author  of   'Magnus  Sinclair. 

Helen  Brown. 

A  Coin'  dy  of  Some  Life. 

Greville  H.  Tempany. 

A    Humorous  Story  by  a  New  Writer. 

John  Ayscough. 

Author  of   '  Admonition.' 

Alice  Brown. 

Author  of  'The  County   Road.' 


%•  Readers  who  consider  that  Prospectuses  of  any  of  the  above  volumes  would  be  of  interest  are  invited  to  apply  for  same  to 
ARCHIBALD    CONSTABLE    &    CO.    LTD.    10    ORANGE    STREET,    W.C. 


278 


THE     ATHEN^UM 


No.  4193.  Mak.h  7.  1008 


MACMILLAN  &  CO.'S 

NEW    BOOKS. 


MODERN    EGYPT. 


11 Y    THK 

EARL  OF  CROMER. 

With  Portrait  of  the  Author  and  a  Map. 
2  vols.     24*.  net. 

Westminster  Gazette. —"A  fascinating  book  —  a  book 
through  which  the  central  stream  of  narrative  runs  broad 
ami  dtar,  ami  in  which  our  ;;uide  is  no  mere  historian 
piecing  together  the  records  of  others,  but  himself  the  chief 
actor  in  the  scenes  that  he  describes." 


"A   GREAT  "WORK    OF    ART."— Times. 
NOW  COMPLETE  IN  THREE  VOLUMES. 

THE     DYNASTS. 

A  Drama  of  the  Napoleonic  Wars. 

BY 

THOMAS  HARDY. 

In  Three  Parts.    Crown  8vo,  4*.  6d.  net  each. 

Times. — "  A  great  work  of  art Mr.  Hardy  has  achieved 

a  work  of  art  by  doing  violence  to  a  form,  and  has  sub- 
limated a  vast  and  infinitely  various  material  into  a  single 
shapely  whole.  For  a  like  achievement  we  can  only  go  back 
to  one  thing — the  historical  plays  of  Shakespeare,  where 
great  and  small  are,  as  here,  seen  with  a  single  eye,  and 
where,  as  here,  the  common  life  of  common  humanity  is 
made  a  part  of  the  progress  of  history." 

Mr.  ALFRED  NOYES,  in  the  Daily  Graphic— "The  work 
should  take  its  place  at  once  as  one  of  the  greatest  poems  of 
modern  times." 

Mr.  W.  L.  Courtney,  in  the  Daily  Telegraph,— "We  now 
have  the  third  and  final  volume,  bringing  to  a  fine,  sonorous 
conclusion  a  piece  of  work  which  is  as  remarkable  as  any 

which  have  been  produced  in  the  contemporary  period 

A  most  vivid  and  impressive  composition,  based  on  a  vast 
amount  of  knowledge  of  the  subject  with  which  it  deals, 
and  reared  into  a  fantastic  structure,  full  of  genius  and 
insight. . .  .One  of  the  most  magnificent  contributions  which 
Mr.  Hardy  has  made  to  the  literature  of  our  time." 


THE  LETTERS  OF 
MARTIN  LUTHER. 

Selected  and  Translated  by  MARGARET  A.  CURRIE. 
8vo,  12s.  net. 

SECOND  IMPRESSION. 
A    NEW    BOOK    ON    BUDDHISM. 

THE  INWARD  LIGHT. 

By  H.  PrELDINO  HALL,  Author  of  'The  Soul 
of  a  People,'  <fcc.    8vo,  10«.  net. 


THE  PRIMADONNA.  ±iE$EI£g? 

By  F.  MARION  CRAWFORD. 

Extra  crown  8vo,  6s.  [Tuesday. 

THE  'EUMENIDES' 
OF  AESCHYLUS. 

With  an  Introduction,  Commentary,  and  Translation. 
By  A.  W.  VERRALL,  LitUD.    8vo,  10*.  net.    [Tttesday. 

THREE  TRAGEDIES 
OF  SENECA. 

HERCULES  PURENS.  TROADES.  MEDEA. 
With  an  Introduction  and  Notes.  By  Prof.  HUGH  M. 
KINGERY,  Ph.D.    Globe  8vo,  3s. 


MACMILLAN  &  CO.,  Ltd.,  London. 


HURST  &  BLACK ETT'S 

NEW  LIST. 


SIX-SHILLING    NOVELS. 

ArO  Hr    READY. 

NEW  NOVEL 

BY  CHRISTABEL  COLERIDGE, 

Author  of   '  An  English  Squire,'   '  The  Tender 

Mercies  of  the  Good,'  &.c. 

MISS      LUCY, 

NEW  NOVEL  BY  EDWARD  McNULTY, 

Author  of  *  Maureen,'  '  Misther  O'Ryan,'  &c. 

MRS.  MULLIGANS  MILLIONS 

NEW  NOVEL  BY   MRS.  ALICE   DIEHL, 

Author  of  '  The  Garden  of  Eden,'  '  True  Story 
of  My  Life,'  &c. 

AN  ACTOR'S  LOVE  STORY. 


NEW  NOVEL  BY  MRS.  FRED  REYNOLDS, 

Author  of  'A  Quaker  Wooing,'  '  In  Silence,'  &c. 

ST.  DAVID  OF  THE  DUST. 

"This  pathetic  story,  with  its  heroic  climax,  holds  the 
reader's  heart." — Scotsman. 

"The  Welsh  spirit  of  mysticism  and  poetry  pervades  the 
book ...  it  will  inevitably  add  to  Mrs.  Reynolds's  already 
established  reputation." — Daily  Express. 

SECOND  IMPRESSION. 

THE      RED      PERIL. 

By  COULSON  KERNAHAN, 
Author  of  '  Captain  Shannon,'  *  The  Dumpling,'  &c. 


MYSTERY   ISLAND. 

H.  HURST. 


By  Edward 


THE  IMBECILES.    By  L.  Lockhart 

LANG. 

CLEMENTINA'S  HIGHWAYMAN. 

By  R.  NEILSON  STEPHENS  and  G.  H.  WESTLEY. 
6  Illustrations  by  ADELAIDE  EVERHART. 

NEARLY  READY. 
NEW  NOVEL  BY  A  NEW  WRITER. 

THE    SQUATTER'S    WARD. 

ByE.  S.  SORENSON. 


NEW  NOVEL  BY  RALPH  RODD, 

Author  of  'A  Fighter  in  Khaki.' 

THE  HAND  ON  THE  STRINGS. 

HISTORY  OF  THE  WAR  IN 
SOUTH    AFRICA,    1899-1902. 

Compiled  by  the  direction  of  H.M.  Government. 

VOLS.    I.    AND    II.    NOW    READY. 

Vols.  III.  and  IV.  in  preparation. 

Price  21s.  each  net ;  or  17*\  Od.  each  net  if  the  4  volumes 

are  subscribed  for. 

EDNA  LYALL'S  NOVELS. 

Reset,  in  a  new  artistic  binding,  crown  8vo,  3&  6(1. 
DONOVAN :  a  Modern  Englishman. 
WE  TWO. 
KNIGHT  ERRANT. 
IN  THE  GOLDEN  DAYS. 
WON  BY  WAITING. 
A  HARDY  NORSEMAN. 
TO  RIGHT  THE  WRONG. 
IN  SPITE  OF  ALL. 

HURST    &    BLACKETT,    Limited, 
182,  High  Holborn,  W.C. 


MEMORIALS  OF  THE 
COUNTIES  OF  ENGLAND. 

BEAUTIFULLY   ILLUSTRAThlt. 
I  ><-ni  V     8vo,     cloth     extra,     gilt     top. 

MEMORIALS    OF    OLD 
LONDON.     2  vols. 

Edited  l>y  P.  H.  Dit<  hmki.k,  M.A.  F.S.A. 
Dedicated  to  the  Right  Hon.  the  Lord  Mayor 
of  London.     Price  to  Subscribers,  21a.  net. 

CONTENTS. 
Celtic,  Roman,  Saxon,  and  Norman  London. 
By  the  Rev.  W.  J.  Loktik,  F.S.A. —The  Tower  of 
London.  By  Harold  Sands,  F.S.A. — St.  Bar- 
tholomew's Church,  Smithheld.  By  J.  Tavenor 
Pebby.  —  The  Charterhouse.  By  the  Rev. 
A.  G.  B.  Atkinson,  M.A. — Glimpses  of  Meriia-vul 
London.  By  G.  Clinch,  F.G.S. — The  Palact- 
London.  By  the  Rev.  R.  S.  Mylnk,  LLD.  F.S.A. 
—The  Temple.  By  the  Rev.  H.  G.  Woods,  D.D., 
Master. — The  Inns  of  Court.  By  E.  Williams. — 
The  Guildhall.  By  C.  Welch,  F.S.A.— The  City 
Companies.  By  The  Editor — The  Kontor  of  the 
Hanse.  By  J.  Tavenor  Perry. —The  Arms  of 
London.  By  J.  Tavenor  Perry.  Elizabethan 
London.  By  T.  Fairman  Ordish,  F.S.A. — The 
London  of  Pepys.  By  H.  B.  Wheatlky,  F.S.A. — 
The  Thames  and  its  Bridges.  By  J.  Tavenor 
Perry. — The  Old  Inns  of  London.  By  Phii.i;- 
Norman,  F.S.A. — London  Clubs.  By  Sir  Edward 
Brabrook,  C.B.  F.S.A. — The  Coffee-houses.  By 
G.  L.  Apperson.  —  Learned  Societies  of  London. 
By  Sir  Edward  Brabrook,  C.B.  F.S.A.  — 
Literary  Shrines.  By  Mrs.  Lang. — Crosby  Hall. 
By  The  Editor. — The  Pageant  of  London,  witii 
some  Account  of  the  City  Churches,  Christ's 
Hospital,  &c.     By  The  Editor. 

MEMORIALS  OF 
OLD    DORSET. 

Edited    by    Thomas    Perkins,    M.A.,    and 
Herbert   Pentin,  M.A.      Dedicated   to   the 
Right    Hon.    Lord    Eustace  Cecil,    F.R.G.S. 
Price  1 5s.  net. 
"The    volume,    in    fine,    forms    a    noteworthy 

accession  to  the  valuable  series  of  books  in  which 

it  appears." — Scots/nun. 

MEMORIALS  OF 
OLD    NORFOLK. 

Edited  by  H.  J.  Dckinfield   Astley,  M.A. 

D.Litt.,    &c.     Dedicated   to    the  Right  Hon. 

Viscount  Coke,  C.M.G.  C.  V.O.  Price  lot.  net. 
Among  the  Contributions  are  Articles  by  the 
following  Eminent  Writers  : — Rev.  W.  Hudson. 
F.S.A.,  Dr.  Bensly,  F.S  A.,  E.  Alfred  Jonk, 
Rev.  R.  Nightingale,  Philip  Sidney,  F.R.Hist.S., 
H.J.  Hillen,  Rev.  Dr.  Cox,  F.S.A.,  R.  F.  E. 
Ferrier,  W.  G.  Clarke,  C.  E.  Keyskr,  F.S.A., 
Rev.  G.  W.  Minns,  F.S.A.,  Jas.  Hooper,  Rev. 
E.  C.  Hopper,  R.  J.  W.  Pvrdy,  Miss  Longe,  &c. 

MEMORIALS  OF 
OLD    KENT. 

Edited  by  P.  H.  Ditchfield,  M.A.  F.S.A., 
and  George  Clinch,  F.G.S.  Dedicated  to 
the  Right  Hon.  Lord  Northbourne,  F.S.A. 
Price  I5e.  net. 


List  of  other  Volumes  will  be  sent 
on  application. 


London:    BEMROSE   &   SONS,    Ltd. 
4,  Snow  Hill,  E.C.  ;   and  Derby. 


No.  4193,  March  7,  1908 


THE    ATHENAEUM 


279 


SATUBDAY,  MARCH  7,  1908. 


CONTENTS. 

PAGE 

Fisher  on  Bonapartism 279 

Leaves  from  a  Life 280 

The  Historians'  History 281 

Apologia  Diffidentis        282 

New  Novels  (The  Bad  Times ;  Eodwell ;  The  Pauper 
of  Park  Lane  ;  Princess  of  the  Sandhills  ;  Not 
Proven  ;  The  Standertons  ;  The  Paxton  Plot ;  And 
the  Day  Came  ;  For  My  Name's  Sake  ;  The  Tents 
of  Wickedness  ;  The  Place  Taker)       . .         . .      283—284 

Anthologies 284 

Our  Library  Table  (Woman  in  Transition  ;  Memories 
of  Eight  Parliaments ;  Handbook  of  Treaties 
relating  to  Commerce ;  A  Military  Geography  of 
the  Balkan  Peninsula  ;  Some  Neglected  Aspects  of 
War ;  Keport  upon  the  French  Colonies  ;  Lisbon 
and  Cintra ;  William  Clarke ;  Ellice  Hopkins ; 
Parley's  Complete  Poetical  Works ;  Salt  and 
Sincerity ;  Tasso  and  his  Times ;  Forty-One  Fac- 
similes of  Dated  Christian  Arabic  Manuscripts  ; 

Werist's?) 285—289 

Notes  from  Paris  ;  The  Derivation  of  "London"; 
'A  Scots  Earl  in  Covenanting  Times'  ;  Chres- 
tien  de  Troves  and  the  Dene-Holes  ;  Chaucer 

a  Norfolk  Man 289—290 

List  of  New  Books 291 

Literary  Gossip        292 

Science  —  Nature's  Moods  and  Tenses  ;  By 
Meadow,  Grove,  and  Stream  ;  The  Moths  of 
the  British  Isles  ;  Confessio  Medici  ;  A  New 
System  of  Geology  ;  Town  Gas  and  its  Uses  ; 
Societies  ;  Meetings  Next  Week  ;  Gossip  293—295 
Fine  Arts  —  Morland's  Life  and  Works  ; 
Heraldy  as  Art  ;  "  Fair  Women  "  at  the 
New  Gallery  ;  The  British  School  at  Rome  ; 
The    British     School    at     Athens  ;    Sale  ; 

Gossip  ;  Exhibitions 295—298 

Music— Secular    Vocal    Music  at  the    British 

Museum  ;  Gossip  ;  Performances  Next  Week  298—299 
Drama— Furness's  Variorum  Shakespeare  ;  The 
Lord  of  Latimer  Street  ;  Lady  Barbarity  ; 

The  Admirable  Crichton 299—300 

Index  to  advertisers      300 


LITERATURE 


Bonapartism.     By  H.  A.  L.  Fisher.     (Ox- 
ford, Clarendon  Press.) 

It  was  a  happy  thought  to  select  the 
subject  of  '  Bonapartism  '  for  this  short 
course  of  lectures  delivered  to  the  Uni- 
versity of  London  ;  for  it  lends  itself  to 
brilliant  work,  though  exhaustive  treat- 
ment is  obviously  impossible.  We  mean 
no  disrespect  to  Mr.  Fisher  when  we 
say  that  historic  impressionism  is  the 
chief  characteristic  of  the  narrative ; 
for  it  is  impressionism  of  the  best  kind. 
Deftness  of  touch  and  a  happy  choice 
of  illustrative  details  are  among  the 
attractions  of  this  volume  ;  and  scholars 
will  feel  instinctively  that  stores  of 
learning  are  held  in  reserve  which  would 
suffice  to  make  a  bulky  tome.  We  may 
disagree  with  the  lecturer  at  several 
points,  but  all  who  have  studied  the  careers 
of  the  two  Napoleons  will  be  thankful 
to  him  for  this  charming  little  monograph. 

Among  the  chief  defects  of  this  method 
of  treatment  is  that  it  tends  to  undue 
emphasis  ;  and  at  several  points  we  think 
that  Mr.  Fisher's  statements  are  strained, 
just  as  his  style  is  occasionally  tense  and 
overloaded  with  adjectives.  For  instance, 
he  asserts  in  Lecture  I.  that  among  the 
causes  which  checked  the  growth  of 
freedom  during  the  French  Revolution 
was  "  the  absence  of  a  wholesome  spirit 
of  local  autonomy  in  the  ancien  regime." 
Surely  the  reason  was  that  national 
institutions  had  been  allowed  to  fall 
into  abeyance,  thus  depriving  Frenchmen 
of  any  adequate  basis  for  their  new  fabric, 
and  of  the  practice  which  was  still  more 
necessary  to  give  it  solidity  and  balance. 

What  little  practice  Frenchmen  had 
had  centred  solely  in  the  institutions 
of  the    provinces,   especially     the    Parlc- 


ments.  Their  activities,  of  course,  were 
often  far  from  "  wholesome,"  yet  they 
undoubtedly  kept  alive  the  feeling  of  devo- 
tion to  the  principles  of  ordered  liberty. 
It  is  also  rather  straining  at  facts  to  say 
that  centralization  under  the  old  monarchy 
was  "  destructive  of  local  effort "  save 
in  the  pays  tflttais.  On  questions  where 
the  provinces  were  in  the  main  agreed, 
it  was  difficult  even  for  Louis  XIV.  and 
XV.  to  overcome  their  opposition  ;  and 
the  power  of  the  Parlements,  when  led 
by  that  of  Paris,  to  thwart  Louis  XVI. 's 
reforming  efforts  is  well  known. 

Again,  is  it  correct  to  ascribe  the  down- 
fall of  the  Girondins  in  the  summer  of 
1793  to  the  strength  of  the  trend  in 
favour  of  centralization  ?  Was  not  their 
failure  rather  due  to  the  imperious  instinct 
of  national  self-preservation,  which  bade 
France  rally  round  the  central  Govern- 
ment in  order  to  drive  back  the  foreign 
invaders  ?  The  other  feeling  was  doubt- 
less operative,  but  surely  in  a  less  degree 
than  the  conviction  "  Salus  populi 
suprema  lex."  The  revolt  against  the 
ancien  regime  and  all  its  works  had  bj^ 
that  time  gone  to  its  full  length,  and  it 
was  the  agony  of  the  national  crisis, 
rather  than  any  unconscious  return  to 
the  old  administrative  system,  which 
led  up  to  the  despotism  of  the  secret 
committees.  Mr.  Fisher  would  have  made 
this  part  of  his  lectures  more  con- 
vincing had  he  shown  how  the  specula- 
tions of  Rousseau  and  others  favoured 
the  idea  of  a  dictatorship.  Robespierre 
and  the  men  of  the  Convention  were 
steeped  to  the  lips  in  the  '  Contrat  Social,' 
and  justified  the  founding  of  the  new 
despotism  by  reference  to  such  phrases 
as  these  : — 

"  In  such  a  case  [national  danger]  the 
general  will  is  not  doubtful,  and  it  is  clear 
that  the  primary  intention  of  the  peoplo  is 
that  the  State  should  not  perish.  In  this 
way  the  suspension  of  the  legislative  power 
does  not  involve  its  abolition  ;  the  magis- 
trate who  silences  it  can  make  it  speak  ; 
he  dominates  it  without  having  power  to 
represent  it  ;  he  can  do  everything  but 
make  laws." — Book  IV.  chap.  vi. 

In  the  eyes  of  the  Terrorists  this  was 
the  first  and  greatest  commandment  of 
the  new  gospel.  Their  committees  ful- 
filled it  to  the  letter  ;  when  the  committees 
were  overthrown,  the  Directory  took 
over  their  work  ;  the  three  Consuls  suc- 
ceeded the  Directory ;  and  Napoleon, 
tracing  his  political  genealogy  back  to 
the  Committee  of  Public  Safety,  was 
in  a  sense  the  embodiment  of  Rousseau's 
principle  quoted  above.  It  is  somewhat 
strange  that  Mr.  Fisher,  despite  the 
keenness  of  his  sense  of  causation,  should 
have  overlooked  probably  the  most  im- 
portant of  the  forces  that  helped  to  build 
up  a  new  despotism  in  Revolutionary 
France.  He  has  emphasized  the  strength 
of  the  instinct  for  centralization  of  a  type 
not  unlike  that  of  the  old  monarchy  ; 
but  he  has  not  brought  into  clear  light 
the  characteristics  of  revolutionary 
thought  which  helped  to  build  up  a  new 
dictatorial  power.  True,  when  Bonaparto 
leapt  into  the  saddle  at  Brumaire  (and 
how    narrow     was    the   margin    between 


success  and  failure  Mr.  Fisher  has 
clearly  demonstrated),  he  used  the  old 
curb  and  spurs  with  infinite  skill ;  but 
there  was  something  in  the  temper  of 
the  steed  which  brought  it  readily  to 
obey  the  touch  of  the  master.  In  brief, 
where  Robespierre,  Sieyes,  and  others 
had  failed  to  realize  the  ideal  of  Rous- 
seau's dictator,  Bonaparte  succeeded ; 
and  the  trend  of  thought  in  1799  entirely 
favoured  his  design  of  making  the  Legis- 
lature impassive  and  supervisory,  and 
concentrating  the  real  strength  of  the 
Government  in  the  Executive.  What 
the  Genevese  thinker  admitted  as  a  tem- 
porary necessity,  had  by  that  time  come 
to  be  looked  upon  as  almost  a  normal 
condition  of  things,  though  it  resulted 
from  a  series  of  temporary  crises  pro- 
duced by  war. 

It  is  needless  to  say  that  Mr.  Fisher's 
characterization  of  Napoleon  is  fresh  and 
vigorous.  Equally  good  is  his  sketch  of 
the  Napoleonic  administration.  Readers 
of  '  Napoleonic  Statesmanship  :  Ger- 
many,' will  note  with  interest  how  Mr. 
Fisher's  studies  in  the  administration 
of  the  States  of  the  Rhenish  Confederation 
have  vitalized  these  parts  of  his  subject ; 
and  the  equally  vivid  touches  relating 
to  Italy  inspire  the  hope  that  he  will  soon 
give  to  the  world  a  work  dealing  with 
the  Governments  of  Murat,  Elisa  Bona- 
parte, and  Eugene  Beauharnais.  In  his 
statements  concerning  the  Concordat  of 
1801-2,  we  wish  that  he  had  given  more 
information  concerning  the  so-called  Or- 
ganic Articles,  which,  when  appended 
to  the  main  treaty,  proved  an  infinite 
cause  of  strife  with  the  Vatican,  and 
therefore  a  secondary  cause  of  Napoleon's 
downfall.  Though  different  in  kind,  it 
is  comparable  in  its  results  to  the  long 
and  tangled  quarrels  with  Pius  IX. 
which  followed  Napoleon  III.'s  Italian 
policy.  Both  emperors  in  part  owed 
their  crowns  to  the  support  of  the  Roman 
Church,  yet  they  acted  in  a  way 
which  changed  her  benisons  to  maledic- 
tions. Indeed,  the  comparison  of  the 
policy  of  the  uncle  with  that  of  the 
nephew  might  have  included  a  more 
systematic  treatment  of  their  relations 
to  the  Papal  power.  Their  religious 
policy  had  much  in  common,  though 
with  the  difference  that  naturally  resulted 
from  the  incisive  and  determined  character 
of  the  one,  and  the  cloudy  laziness  of 
the  other. 

The  relations  of  uncle  and  nephew  to 
the  principle  of  nationality  form  another 
topic  which  needed  fuller  and  clearer 
description.  Persons  who  trustfully  im- 
bibe all  the  political  concoctions  brewed 
at  Longwood  are  apt  to  believe  that 
Napoleon  I.  was  the  champion  of  na- 
tionality, and  desired  to  make  of  France, 
Italy,  and  Germany  firm  and  compact 
nations.  None  of  the  St.  Helena  fictions 
is  more  decisively  contradicted  by  the 
Emperor's  acts  and  words  while  he  swayed 
the  sceptre.  From  first  to  last  he  opposed 
everything  that  helped  to  make  Germany 

a  nation.    Of  the  cumbrous  old  system 

he   wrote   on   May   27th,  1797  :     "  If   the 
Germanic    Body   did   not  exist,   it    would 


■>.so 


THE     ATHENjEUM 


No.  4193,  Mauch  7,  1908 


be  neoessary  to  oreate  it  for  our  con- 
venience "  ;'  and  hia  later  convictions 
find   eAPTWBJOn   En    bii  statement    tliat    the 

suppression   of  German   nationality   was 

a  fundamental  axiom  of  his  policy.  Is 
it  possihle  that  Napoleon  III.  was  deceived 
hv  the  St.  Helena  Inclinations,  and 
determined  to  make  them  the  rule  of 
his  future  conduct  towards  oppressed 
nations  (  Certain  it  is  that  in  this  respect 
his  policy  differed  ioto  ccelo  from  that  of 
his  uncle' :  and,  as  Mr.  Fisher  well  shows, 
his  uncertain  handling  of  the  complex 
questions  aroused  by  the  Italian  and 
German  national  movements  largely  con- 
tributed to  his  fall. 

Mr.  Fisher  might  have  given  us  more 
respecting  that  curious  work  '  Les  Idees 
Napoleoniennes,'  which  reflects  the  St. 
Helena  legend,  and  adumbrates  the  policy 
of  the  Second  Empire.  That  book  forms 
the  connecting  link  between  the  two 
imperial  experiments,  and  shows  how 
largely  the  latter  was  based  on  the  former, 
or  rather,  on  its  official  presentation. 

We  have  indicated  some  weak  points 
or  possible  enlargements  in  Mr.  Fisher's 
sketch  ;  but  all  who  know  the  two  periods 
with  which  it  deals  will  enjoy  his  spirited 
treatment ;  and  those  who  do  not  will  find 
here  a  charm  of  style  and  suggestiveness 
of  treatment  which  should  urge  them  to 
make  a  closer  acquaintance  with  the 
subject. 


Leaves    from    a    Life.     (Eveleigh    Nash.) 

The  ways  of  anonymity  are  devious, 
but  anything  more  transparent  than 
the  incognito  of  the  author  of  this  enter- 
taining book  were  hard  to  discover. 
She  tells  us  that  her  father  is  a  very  aged 
Royal  Academician,  still  living,  who  was 
paid  10,000?.  for  his  big  picture  now  in 
the  Tate  Gallery  ;  that  the  family  lived 
for  many  years  at  Pembridge  Villas  ; 
that  she  was  born  in  1848,  and  married 
a  brewer  who  had  property  in  Dorset ; 
yet  she  declines  to  put  her  unmistakable 
name  upon  the  title-page,  which  exhibits  a 
well-worn  but  misquoted  motto,  "Nothing 
extenuate,  nor  set  aught  down  in  malice." 
If  there  be  no  "  malice,"  why  this  ineffec- 
tual concealment  ?  However,  the  anony- 
mity is  the  author's  business ;  and  as 
for  the  "  malice,"  there  is  little  or  none, 
though  certainly  there  is  no  attempt  at 
"  extenuation."  Never  were  recollections 
more  mercilessly  candid.  Stories  are  re- 
corded of  a  "  candid  friend  "  who  was 
very  deaf,  and  used  to  do  or  say  the  polite 
thing,  and  afterwards  express  his  real 
opinion  in  a  loud  voice,  wholly  unaware 
that  he  could  be  heard.  He  offered  Miss 
Elizabeth  Philps  a  cigar  with  great 
courtesy,  and  when  she  took  it  he  remarked 
aloud,  "  D — d  bad  form  in  a  woman." 
Afterwards  he  expressed  himself  as  "  de- 
lighted "  to  see  her  home,  adding,  before 
she  had  time  to  thank  him,  "  Bother  the 
old  girl  !  why  can't  she  take  her  own 
cab  like  other  people  ?  " 

The  present  volume  sometimes  expresses 
real  opinions  with  similar  candour,  without 
any   preliminary   dissimulation  ;     but  on 


the  whole  it  is  remarkably  kindly,  and 
the  author,  though  a  good  hater,  is  much 
more  inclined  to  generous  love.  At  "  the 
mature  age  of  three  "  she  "  frankly  hated  " 
her  unfortunate  governess,  who  had  a 
criminal  lunatic  for  a  brother.  Many  of 
the  author's  friends  were  nearly  related 
to  lunatics  ;  and  many  of  them  were 
painters  who  affected  "  hyacinthine 
locks.*'  The  author  herself  dwells 
upon  the  theoretical  connexion  between 
luxuriant  hair  and  mental  derangement, 
but  appears  to  see  the  complete  expres- 
sion of  the  theory  rather  in  the  Shakers 
than  in  artists.  At  the  "  mature  age 
of  two  "  she  could  "  read  easily,"  and 
henceforth  her  education  was  apparently 
allowed  to  take  care  of  itself :  she 
"  growed,"  like  Topsy,  and  she  "  thanks 
heaven  "  for  it : — 

"  We  were  let  alone,  we  were  neither 
trained  nor  developed  nor  interfered  with  ; 
and  though  sometimes  I  have  craved  for 
more  light  and  more  conventionality  [surely 
a  strange  combination  ?],  more  training, 
I  have  worried  along  comfortably  through 
life,  made  out  a  path  of  my  own,  and  have 
never  been  dependent  for  amusement  on 
any  one,  content  with  books  and  newspapers, 
and  always  able  to  be  sufficient  company 
for  myself." 

This  must  have  been  before  "  Alas  ! 
I  was  married  and  out  of  that  bright 
and  jovial  circle  "  of  the  Mid- Victorian 
period,  when  every  one  was  "  hilariously 
happy,"  and  also  before  the  epoch  when, 
"  except  the  excellent  Spectator,  The 
Morning  Post,  and  the  beloved  Mr.  Punch, 
the  whole  lot  [of  newspapers]  might  cease 
to  exist  and  the  world  would  not  be  a 
penny  the  worse."  Perhaps  a  more 
regular  education  might  have  saved  the 
author  from  such  a  labyrinthine  sentence 
as  this,  referring  to  Thackeray  : — 

"  I  think  too  that  the  great  friendship 
Papa  had  for  Charles  Dickens  somewhat 
kept  the  old  sore  from  healing,  and  we  were 
almost  more  intimate  with  Edmund  Yates, 
whose  quarrel  with  Thackeray  at  the  Garrick 
Club,  though  historic,  was  very  foolish,  and 
is  best  forgotten  as  soon  as  may  be,  and 
Thackeray  would  not  have  met  him,  I  know, 
for  it  was  years  before  they  met  once  more 
and  agreed  to  forgive  and  forget  ;  anyhow, 
we  never  had  Thackeray  in  our  house,  and 
we  are  the  poorer  for  that  fact." 

When  we  read  of  teas  with  the  lion- 
keeper  at  the  Zoo — "  tea,  which  always 
smelt  of  lion,  and  which  now  and  then 
contained  baby  lions  or  other  beasts, 
very  small,  very  soft  " — or  of  the  Duke 
of  Wellington's  huge  funeral  car,  "  which 
was  kept  for  some  time  in  what  is  now 
Marlborough  House,  and  which  was  appa- 
rently, before  it  was  bought  and  fitted 
up  for  the  present  King,  a  storehouse  of 
rubbish,"  we  cannot  help  wishing  that 
the  sister  of  the  criminal  lunatic  had 
explained  some  of  the  perils  of  English 
grammar  to  the  "  mature  "  child  of  three. 
We  wish,  too,  that  the  author  had  taken 
the  trouble  to  verify  her  references. 
Instead  of  "  thinking "  that  "  Oscar 
Deutsch  "  did  not  go  on  "  some  exploring 
expedition,"  but  "  died  somewhere  out 
in  the  East,"  it  would  have  been  easy  to 
find  out  that  Emmanuel  Deutsch,  as  he 


called  himself,  died  in  hospital  at  Alexan- 
dria. Again,  she,  or  the  "  reader  "  whom, 
we  presume,  her  publisher  employ-. 
might  have  known  better  than  to  let 
"  hrats  of  that  ilk  stand."  But  in 
spite  of  slovenly  writing  the  'Leaves' 
are  highly  interesting,  and  the  recol- 
lections of  the  period  when  the  author 
lived  in  London,  chiefly  in  the  fifties 
and  sixties,  are  so  vivid  that  she  inu.-i 
possess  a  marvellous  memory. 

Never,  perhaps,  has  that  "  scorned  and 
sneered-at  Mid-Victorian  "  epoch  been 
so  heartily  defended  as  here.  "  I  feel 
sure,"  we  read  with  wonder, 

"  if  one  could  only  know  it,  that  in  about 
a  hundred  years  the  now  much  despised 
Victorian  art  will  some  day  [sic]  rival  the 
Romney  and  Gainsborough  sales  of  to-day. 
Indeed,  if  they  do  not,  the  Victorian  artists 
will  still  be  this  to  the  good  ;  they  had  their 
day  ;  they  '  saw  it  and  were  glad  '  ;  and 
wlule  my  father's  last  big  commission  was 
for  value  to  10,000/.,  Romney's  pictures 
went  for  about  20?.  in  liis  lifetime,  and  I 
do  not  suppose  Gainsborough's  went  above 
the  hundred." 

In  the  Mid- Victorian  age  "  all  the  literary, 
artistic,  and  musical  celebrities  "  flocked 
to  Pembridge  Villas,  and  "  we  never  saw, 
it  seems  to  me,  any  of  those  who  are 
represented  by  the  fatuous  bridge-playing 
Society  folk  one  hears  so  much  of  nowa- 
days ;  for  all  who  came  to  our  house 
were  interesting  from  either  one  cand- 
or the  other."  They  were  also  good  ; 
for  "  Victoria's  era  may  have  been  dull 
— personally  the  part  I  knew  best  was 
delightful  and  perfect — but  it  was  good." 
The  author  is  fond  of  poetry,  which,  like 
the  painting  just  mentioned,  hardly  keeps 
its  old  reputation.  But  certainly  she  did 
live  in  a  very  interesting  set,  which  she 
describes  with  enthusiastic  admiration. 
Shirley  Brooks,  Leech,  Yates,  Land- 
seer,  George  Cruikshank,  Millais,  Leigh- 
ton,  Dickens,  Fechter,  and  others  keep 
flitting  across  the  '  Leaves,'  each  with  a 
characteristic  touch  or  story.  Of  Turner 
we  read  :  "  I  can  just  recollect  a  little 
bent  old  man  and  being  told  liis  name, 
and  having  to  thank  him  for  a  Madeira 
cake  he  brought  for  us  children." 

"  The  first  artist  I  really  adored  and  wor- 
sliipped  was  Sir  Edwin  Landseer  ;  1  tliink 
I  must  have  been  about  nine  years  old 
when  I  made  Ins  acquaintance.  Mamma 
had  one  of  the  tremendous  '  parties  '  which 
used  to  punctuate  our  childhood  and  girl- 
hood, and  as  he  was  coming  I  begged  hard 
to  be  allowed  to  sit  up.  At  last  the  party 
was  in  full  swing,  and  I  sidled  up  to  Fapa. 
I  was  in  a  very,  very  stiff  white  frock, 
trimmed  with  a  great  many  of  Miss  Wright's 
'  cart-wheel '  embroideries,  and  a  broad 
scarlet  sash  was  gaily  tied  round  my  waist. 
The  bodice  had  short,  full-puffed  sleeves, 
and  in  each  puff  was  a  rosette  of  very  narrow 
scarlet  velvet,  these  rosettes  being  put  in 
and  taken  out  by  Miss  Wright  when  the 
frock  went  to  be  washed,  and  I  felt  very 
well  dressed  and  very  important.  Papa 
pointed  out  the  great  man  to  me.  and  I  was 
enraptured.  He  was  small  and  compact, 
and  w-ore  a  beautiful  shirt  with  a  frill  in 
which  was  placed  a  glittering  diamond 
brooch  or  pin,  I  do  not  know  which  ;  and 
he  looked  to  me  like  one  of  his  own  most 
good-humoured  white  poodles.  He  was 
curled  and  scented  and  exquisitely  turned 


No.  4193,  March  7,  1908 


THE    ATHENAEUM 


281 


out,  and  I  said  at  once,  '  Oh !  what  a  delight- 
ful old  gentleman  ! '  Papa  meanly  went 
across  to  Sir  Edwin  and  told  him  what  I 
had  said.  He  spoke  with  a  slight  stutter 
or  drawl.  '  I  shall  propooose,'  he  said,  and 
coming  over  to  where  I  stood  gazing  in 
rapture  at  the  embodiment  of  my  dream, 
he  at  once,  and  to  my  vast  confusion,  pro- 
ceeded to  demand  my  hand  from  Papa." 

To  have  been  proposed  to  by  Landseer, 
even  in  jest,  to  have  been  "  banged  and 
shaken  "  by  Marcus  Stone,  and  to  have 
been  "  chased  up  and  down  stairs  "  by 
the  even  then  judicial  "  Bob  Romer," 
are  passive  evidences  of  the  author's 
natural  gifts  ;  but  the  best  active  proof 
is  that  she  slapped  the  German  Em- 
peror : — 

"  Would  it  be  lese-majeste  to  describe  the 
small,  fractious,  and  very  naughty  little  boy 
who  was  generally  with  the  Princess  Royal, 
and  who  is  now  the  German  Emperor  ? 
Well,  if  it  be,  I  will  take  the  risk.  He  was 
a  tiny,  pretty,  delicate  little  lad,  and  he 
utterly  abhorred  the  Highland  dress  in  which 
he  was  clad  on  the  special  occasion  for  which 
he  was  brought  to  England,  and  I  fancy 
the  cold  wind  stung  his  small  knees  ;  any- 
how his  conduct  was  awful.  Somehow  or 
other  the  dirk  belonging  to  his  costume 
was  not  forthcoming,  and  he  was  lent  one 
belonging  to  his  Uncle  Leopold.  The  first 
part  of  the  ceremony  he  was  pretty  quiet. 
It  was  discovered  afterwards  that  he  had 
spent  it  in  picking  out  the  great  cairngorm 
in  the  dirk  handle  and  then  casting  it  away, 
and  I  do  not  think  it  was  ever  found  ;  then 
he  began  to  fidget  ;  his  mother  tried  to 
hold  him,  and  at  last  handed  him  over  to 
his  two  uncles,  Leopold  and  Arthur,  whose 
bare  legs  he  bit,  while  they  bore  the  pain 
like  Stoics.  I  only  hope  they  smacked  him 
well  when  they  got  the  little  ruffian  back 
to  the  Castle.  .  .  .His  sister,  little  Princess 
Charlotte.  .  .  .used  to  suffer  a  good  deal  at 
his  hands,  and  I  once  gave  him  a  good  tap 
on  his  naughty  little  fingers  when  he  was 
pulling  her  hair  ;  he  looked  at  me  for  a 
minute  and  said  nothing." 

Landseer  did  not  engross  all  the  author's 
affections.  She  writes  lovingly  of  many 
of  the  great  men  of  the  Mid- Victorian 
age,  and  it  is  the  pleasantest  feature  of 
her  book,  this  large  and  warm  appreciation 
of  people  of  widely  differing  characters. 
Of  Cupid  "  Leighton  we  find  it  recorded  : 
"Sir  Frederick  was  one  of  the  happiest 
and  most  unselfish  of  men,  at  least  in 
my  eyes,"  and  we  would  add  in  the  eyes 
of  all  who  really  knew  him. 

"  He  was  always  bright,  eager,  and  en- 
thusiastic, anxious  to  praise  and  help  other 
men  wherevor  he  could  ;  and  indeed  I  think 
all  artists  had,  and  I  trust  still  have,  this 
most  delightful  characteristic." 

Again  : — 

"  First  and  foremost  will  ever  live  in 
my  heart,  as  long  as  it  beats,  the  beloved 
remembrance  of  Philip  Calderon.  When  I 
was  a  small  girl  of  ton  or  twelve  ho  first  rose 
on  my  horizon  ;  I  loved  him  then,  and  I 
love  him  now — as  only  a  small  and  romantic 
girl  can  love — and  his  very  name  is  precious 
to  me." 

p]dmund  Yates  "  was  the  dearest,  truest, 
most  honourable  of  men  and  friends," 
and  his  beautiful  wife  had  only  one  draw- 
back :  she  was  so  tall  that  the  present 
Poet  Laureate  had  to  stand  on  a  chair 
to  stick  a  rose  in  her  splendid  hair ; 
whereat    he   was   surprised    by   Edmund  I 


and  the  author,  who  "  simply  doubled 
up  with  laughter  and  escaped  to  the 
uttermost  ends  of  the  garden."  "  No 
one  who  ever  saw  Mrs.  Yates  could  avoid 
falling  in  love  with  her. . . .  she  was  actually 
and  positively  the  most  beautiful  woman 
I  have  ever  seen."  Mr.  Austin  evidently 
stands  excused  ;  but  even  a  poet  should 
not  have  adjured  his  servant  in  the  words, 
"  Mary,  take  away  yon  dush  and  bruster." 
The  '  Leaves  '  abound  in  adoration  : 
"  Dion  Boucicault  was,  without  exception, 
the  most  fascinating  man  I  ever  saw. 
Even  as  a  child  he  fascinated  me "  ; 
but  then  the  author  was  an  extraordinarily 
susceptible  child.  No  one  will  grudge 
the  tribute  to  Du  Maurier 
"  one  of  those  charming  natures  which  give 
out  hope,  life,  and  amusement  to  all  who 
come  in  contact  with  them,  and  I  should 
essentially  sum  him  up  in  one  word — 
joyous." 

There  is  a  beautiful  account  of  his  tender 
singing.  He  was  so  moved  by  '  Misunder- 
stood '  that  when  he  illustrated  it 
"  he  had  to  draw  the  odious  little  hero  (for 
himself  only,  of  course,  not  for  publication) 
with  a  pipe  in  his  mouth  and  a  mug  of  beer 
by  his  side,  or  he  should  have  wept  aloud 
over  Miss  Montgomery's  very  maudlin  infant 
and  his  own  beautiful  and  pathetic  sketches." 

The  author  herself  did  not  weep  over 
1  Misunderstood,'  nor  over  Dickens's 
pathos,  which  did  not  "  ring  true "  to 
her — an  opinion  in  which  she  does  not 
stand  alone.  She  took  the  wife's  side 
in  the  Dickens'  quarrel,  and,  illogically 
enough,  all  the  husband's  "  bits  of  '  goody- 
goody  '  moralizing  suggest  to  me  that 
they  were  written  with  his  tongue  in  his 
cheek."  Dickens  "  was  rather  florid  in 
his  dress,  and  gave  me  the  impression 
of  gold  chain  and  pin  and  an  enormous 
tie " — one  of  the  few  unkind  pictures 
in  the  book. 

The  only  body  of  men  the  author  of 
the  '  Leaves  '  cannot  away  with  is  that 
"  third  sex "  called  parsons.  "  I  am 
deeply  and  profoundly  attached  to  the 
Church  of  England,"  she  writes  in  her 
pleonastic  style, 

"  but  I  should  be  still  more  attached  if  one 
could  eliminate  all  her  parsons,  or  at  least 
alter  them  from  what  they  are  and  always 
have  been  to  a  new  and  entirely  different 
type  of  man.  When  they  have  been 
charming  men,  they  have  been  as  little  of  a 
parson  as  they  could  help  :  when  they  have 
been  parsons,  they  have  been  anything  but 
charming  ;  and,  in  fact,  those  I  have  known 
have  more  than  once  ended  their  careers 
in  prison,  and,  moreover,  those  who  did  not 
were  only  rescued  in  time  and  sent  away 
from  England ....  I  do  not  remember  a  single 
parson  in  the  part  of  Bayswater  that  was 
particularly  our  own  who  had  not  a  '  story  ' 
more  or  less  disreputable  hanging  to  his 
name." 

This  is  tolerably  sweeping,  but  our  author 
proceeds  to  enter  into  details  of  the 
numerous  "  criminal  parsons  "  she  lias 
known — fortunately  omitting  their  names 
— some  of  her  tales  being  far  from  edifying. 
She  has,  however,  a  taste  for  wide  and 
reckless  generalizations.  We  are  not 
obliged  to  agree  with   her,   but    we   are 

obliged  to  her  for  a  piquant  and  candid 
record  of  rambling  recollections. 


The  Historians'  History  of  the  World. 
Edited  by  Henry  Smith  Williams. 
With  Contributions  by  many  Scholars. 
Vols.  I.-XH.     ('  The  Times  '  Office.) 

A  number  of  reasons  predispose  us   to 
receive   favourably    this    revised    version 
of    '  The   Historians'    History  ' — a   some- 
what ill-conceived  title  for  a  work  for  which, 
we  admit,  all  the  appropriate  names  seem 
to  have  been  the  subject  of  pre-emption. 
In  the  first  place,  the  central  idea  is  excel- 
lent.  A  competent  staff,  under  the  direction 
of  an  encyclopaedic  scholar,  is  set  to  work 
to  select  from  the  best  writers  of  every 
language   and   epoch    (not   protected   by 
copyright)    their    account    of    the    most 
important  episodes  of  the  history  of  the 
world,    to    translate    them   into    English, 
and  to  convert  them  by  a  simple  narrative 
into  a  homogeneous  whole,  in  the  spirit 
of  an  introductory  essay  written  by  one 
of    the    acknowledged    masters    of    the 
subject.     There  should  be  an  enormous 
demand  for  such  a  work.     Not  to  speak 
of   the   large   number   of   conventionally 
"  educated "     people    whose    knowledge 
of   history  is   limited   to   that   of  a   few 
selected    historians    of    a    few    European 
States,  there  is  the  general  public  brought 
up    in    the    secondary    and    elementary 
schools  of  the  kingdom,  full  of  curiosity, 
and  utterly  without  the  means  of  directing 
its  reading  to    any    definite  aim   in  face 
of  the  multitude  of  books   on  every  sub- 
ject  brought  to  its  doors  by  the  public 
and    private    libraries    of    the    kingdom. 
Such  a  work  could  never  supersede  the  need 
for  the  work  of  specialists.     It  should  not 
profess  to  be  an  encyclopaedia  of  history, 
and  fullness  and  accuracy  of  detail  ought 
not  to  be  looked  for  in  it.     No  period  can 
be  adequately  treated  in  the  space  which 
could  be  allotted  to  it  under  any  well- 
reasoned    scheme.     But    even    the    sight 
of  the  book  on  its  range  of  shelves  would 
answer  some  of  the  purposes  for  which 
the    late    Lord    Salisbury    recommended 
a  large-scale  map  to  dabblers  in  politics 
— it  would  give  the  ordinary  man  some 
sense  of  the  relative  importance  of  the 
few  facts  he  knows  to  the  general  survey 
of  the  world's  history. 

This  is,  no  doubt,  the  plan  of  the  work 
as  it  presented  itself  to  its  originators  ; 
what  we  are  at  present  interested  in  is, 
however,  the  measure  in  which  it  has  been 
realized.     We    do    not    propose    in    this 
notice    to    enter    into    any    criticism    of 
details    or    particular    statements,    and, 
speaking    generally,    we    may    say    that 
though  the  slight  acquaintance  we    had 
with    the    earlier     American     edition    of 
this  work    did    not    give    us    any    high 
opinion    of    the    qualifications    either    of 
Dr.  Williams  (whose  portrait  is  the  frontis- 
piece to  vol.  i.)  or  his  staff  for  1  ho  task 
they  had  undertaken,  the  volumes  sub- 
mitted   to   us   are   likely    to   prove   useful 
to  the  large  majority  of  those  into  whose 
hands  they  will  eomo.      The  illustrations. 
it     is     true,    are     not    only    unworthy, 
but   often     misleading.     The   standard  of 
historical     illustration     has    risen    greatly 
since  the  days  of  '  The  Penny  Cyclopedia/ 
and    these    fall  far  below  it   in  point  of 


282 


THE     ATHENAEUM 


No.  419.'i,  Ma  km  i  7,  1908 


oorreotaeaa  ind  execution.     An    English 

leader  wfl]  recall  the  admirable  illustra- 
tions of  such  R  work  as  'Social  England,' 
for  example,  with  its  notes  explaining  the 
source  and  utility  of  each  :  while  here  he 
will  seek  in  vain  for  any  hint  as  to  the 
reason  for  their  selection.  But  that  is  a 
minor  matter. 

Besides  this  blemish,  there  is  another. 
Anatole  France  has,  within  the  last  few 
days,  suggested  our  objection  in'  a  few 
words :  "  Je  crois  que,  sans  une  certaine 
unite  delangage,  un  livre  est  illisible,  et  j'ai 
voulu  etre  lu."  When  we  add  to  an  objec- 
tion on  the  score  of  the  unity  of  language, 
one  on  the  unity  of  aim,  we  have  laid 
our  hands  on  the  chief  weaknesses  of 
Dr.  Williams's  work.  We  cannot  even 
hazard  a  guess  as  to  the  kind  of  ideal 
reader  which  he  and  his  assistants  had 
in  mind  when  they  were  preparing  it. 
Take,  for  instance,  the  part  dealing  with 
the  history  of  Israel.  Prof.  Cheyne  has 
written  for  scholars,  while  the  rest  of  it 
is  adapted  for  Sunday  scholars.  It  is, 
we  agree,  an  extreme  example,  but  hard 
cases  make  bad  lawr,  and  the  same  objec- 
tion in  a  minor  degree  might  be  taken 
to  many  other  sections.  Moreover,  the 
want  of  unity  in  style  becomes  distress- 
ing to  a  sensitive  reader  passing,  as  he 
often  has  to  do,  from  Jacobean  to  Georgian 
English  over  a  shaky  connexion  of  modern 
American.  It  is  a  great  pity  that  Dr. 
Williams — finding,  as  every  one  who  has 
undertaken  a  long  piece  of  work  does, 
that  it  was  only  when  he  had  completed 
it  that  he  knew  how  it  ought  to  have  been 
done,  and  having,  what  so  few  ever  have, 
the  opportunity  of  doing  it  over  again — 
is  not  able  to  say  with  the  writer  we  have 
already  quoted  :  "  J'ai  nourri  mon  texte 
de  la  forme  et  de  la  substance  des  textes 
anciens,  mais  je  n'y  ai,  autant  dire, 
jamais  introduit  de  citations  litterales." 
It  would  have  added  perhaps  to  his  diffi- 
culties, but  the  personal  satisfaction 
and  the  pleasure  it  would  have  given  to 
his  readers  would  have  been  ample  re- 
compense. 

The  bibliographies  appended  are  ex- 
cellent in  intention,  and  in  several 
cases  have  been  drawn  up  by  persons 
who  have  knowledge  of  the  subject.  But 
we  recommend  Dr.  Williams  to  get 
an  expert  to  go  through  with  him  the 
volumes  of  Mr.  Fortescue's  invaluable 
'  Index  to  the  Printed  Works  added  to 
the  British  Museum  '  for  the  past  twenty- 
five  years  (a  work  which  should  be  on 
the  shelves  of  every  librarian  and  editor), 
if  he  wishes  to  know  what  has  really  been 
written  about  the  history  of  the  various 
countries  with  which  he  deals.  When 
one  sees  a  Greek  author  quoted  in  a 
fifteenth-century  edition,  it  is  not  difficult 
to  form  an  idea  of  the  way  in  which 
some,  at  least,  of  the  "  Bibliography " 
was  compiled.  The  Index  is  neces- 
sarily large,  and  chiefly  devoted  to 
proper  names.  We  are  glad  to  see  in 
two  of  the  volumes  submitted  to  us — 
those  dealing  with  the  history  of  France 
— an  appendix  giving  a  good  translation 
of  some  actual  historical  documents.  If 
the  idea  had  been  more  generally  carried 


out,    the   tone   of   the   work    would   have 
been  improved. 

Our  examination  has  been  mainly  con- 
fined to  the  history  of  countries  for 
which  materials  exist  in  abundance  in 
our  own  language  :  consideration  of 
the  remaining  volumes,  and  the  quality 
of  the  translations,  must  be  postponed 
for  the  present.  One  thing  is  certain 
— that  little  but  good  can  result  from 
the  wide  circulation  of  this  library  of 
history  among  the  great  public  to  which 
the  general  output  of  reading  matter  is 
now  addressed  ;  while  scholars  will  con- 
tinue to  take  their  own  wilful  way,  regard- 
less of  the  best  intentions  of  any  syndicate 
of  mentors. 


Apologia    Diffidentis.     By    W.     Compton 
Leith.     (John  Lane.) 

"  P6verty  is  strong  in  numbers,  and 
sickness  rich  in  sympathy,  but  diffidence 
reaps  laughter  and  is  alone."  Such 
might  be  the  motto  of  this  volume.  It 
is  an  attempt  to  win  for  shyness  some- 
thing of  the  pity  which,  if  it  is  near  akin 
to  contempt,  is  very  much  kinder.  The 
book  is  not  a  classic  of  rank,  and  the 
author  ought  to  blush  for  the  claims 
his  publisher  makes  for  him.  The  style 
is,  however,  dignified  and  distinguished, 
rising  here  and  there  into  something 
like  poetic  rapture,  and  coloured  with 
many  fine-toned  pictures,  subtle,  but  a 
little  elaborate.  The  matter  of  the  book, 
unfortunately,  is  not  sufficient  to  carry 
all  its  superstructure.  There  are  passages 
of  pathos,  and  here  and  there  a  touch 
of  insight ;  but  on  the  whole  the  writer 
has  scarcely  enough  to  say  to  justify  the 
decorated  way  in  which  he  says  it.  Here 
is  an  instance  : — 

"  The  flood  -  tide,  wliich  had  turned  for 
more  than  an  hour,  was  now  racing  down  wil- 
ful for  the  sea,  though  the  breeze  ruffling 
its  surface  seemed  to  thwart  and  stay  its 
eager  course.  And  on  the  surface,  indeed, 
chafed  and  broken  into  innumerable  ripples, 
the  wind  triumphed  ;  but  as  one  looked 
westwards  towards  the  city,  it  was  clear 
that  the  sullen  strength  of  stream  and  tide 
had  the  mastery.  For  over  the  broad 
curving  reach,  lit  like  white  unburnished 
silver  with  the  reflection  of  the  pallid  sky, 
there  glided  forward  a  line  of  barges,  each 
with  every  sail  set,  and  as  silent  as  if  they 
sallied  from  a  besieged  city.  One  by  one 
they  hung  out  their  lights,  the  lamps  swaying 
and  casting  yellow  bars  over  the  quivering 
water,  until  in  perfect  silence  all  passed 
down  before  me.  Each  in  turn  attaining 
the  lower  bend  where  the  river  sweeps  north- 
ward, went  about  and  stood  for  the  Middlesex 
shore  ;  and  then  for  a  moment  the  wind 
seemed  to  overcome  the  tide,  for  before  tho 
boat  could  win  new  way,  lying  almost 
broadside  across  the  stream,  the  breeze 
held  her  motionless,  like  a  tired  bird  on  a 
windy  day  when  it  flies  out  from  the  shelter 
of  the  wood.  It  was  but  for  a  moment, 
and  then  the  blunt  bows  glided  forward 
towards  the  north  bank,  and  another  barge 
succeeded  in  the  gathering  gloom .... 

"  For  this  Thames  is  such  an  avenue  and 
entry  into  marvellous  life  that  earth  can 
show  no  greater  rival,  one  more  rich  in  dig- 
nity or  in  the  multitude  of  its  merchandise. 

"  And  if  the  flood  of  that  merchandise 
shall  cease,  and  the  stream  once  more  go 
lonely  to  the  sea  or  carry  coracles,  it  cannot 


be  again  as  if  it  had  never  homo  great 
t-liips,  or  swung  the  Admiral's  galley  on  its 
tide." 

This  pn OMflC  illustrates  the  author's 
peculiar  gift  of  word-painting.  Analm<-t 
mystical  sense  of  the  magic  of  words 
duly  arranged  is  our  author's  chid  charm, 
although  it  leads  him  at  times  to  be  too 
conscious  of  his  art,  and  is  now  here  quite 
compatible  with  simplicity.  The  thread 
of  the  book  is  thinly  woven,  perhaps 
for  the  reason  that  writing  i>  largely  to 
the  author  an  anodyne,  a  refuge  from 
the  loud  world,  so  hurrying  and  cold. 
He  tells  us  how.  from  a  child,  he  had 
been  shy,  and  in  Oxford  found  nothing  but 
shadow.  Chance  gave  him  an  occupation 
in  India  ;  and  he  lived  for  a  while  "where 
dwelled  brown  men  of  ancient  pagan 
beliefs,  men  who  neither  knew  progress 
not  set  any  price  upon  time."  For  a 
while  this  soothed  and  satisfied  the 
diffident  Western ;  and  we  have  some 
delightful  pictures  of  what  he  saw,  as  : — 

"  We  travelled  at  night  or  in  the  freshness 
of  early  morning,  regardless  of  the  hours, 
unfretted  by  the  tyrannous  remembrances 
of  appointed  times." 

The  wiiole  atmosphere  of  the  East — its 
reverie,  its  hot  calm,  its  aloofness — seems 
transferred  to  his  pages  by  the  lotus-eater. 
But  he  found  it  would  not  do  ;  he  was 
not  an  Oriental ;  mere  contemplation  was 
not  enough  ;  the  action  and  struggle  of  the 
ugly  West  rang  like  a  bugle  :  and  he 
came  back — to  fail.  Of  course  he  failed  ; 
"  the  invincible  pride  of  shyness  barred  the 
way,  forbidding  alike  any  confession  of 
weakness  or  any  appeal  to  man's  com- 
passion." He  thought  of  marriage,  and 
"  beguiled  many  lonely  hours  by  picturing 
her  charms  and  enumerating  her  noble 
qualities."  It  was  not  to  be.  Self- 
centred  and  self  involved,  he  would  have 
obtained  no  release  that  way  ;  and  wisely 
he  resolved  not  to  make  the  perilous 
attempt. 

After  a  period  of  Stoical  independence, 
imaginary  or  real,  the  inner  disease  of  the 
spirit  was  discerned,  and  the  writer 
"  was  taught  the  great  secret  that  life 
may  not  be  centred  in  itself,  but  in  the 
going  out  of  the  heart  is  wisdom."  This 
he  seems  to  have  learnt  largely  from  the 
habit  of  communing  with  Nature,  carried 
to  the  degree  of  sleeping  out  by  night  ; 
and  beginning  to  feel  the  joy  of  the 
renunciation — the  Ideal  Love,  which  is 
deeper  and  higher  than  the  human  : — 

"  Love  is  our  need,  and  it  is  given,  if 
we  despair  not  of  it,  even  to  such  as  have 
rarely  felt  the  glow  of  earthly  passion .... 
Let  us  never  be  persuaded  that  the  ideal 
world  is  far  from  this  earth  of  ours,  or  that 
the  way  to  it  may  not  be  daily  traversed 
by  liim  who  has  submitted  to  the  heavenly 
guide ....  Though  the  skill  and  instinct  of 
modern  life  are  hostile  to  such  love,  though 
in  prosperity  it  is  ignored  and  in  adversity 
often  overborne  by  a  vain  uproar  of  lamenta- 
tion, yet  even  in  a  self-indulgent  and  furious 
world  it  still  draws  many  to  the  severe 
exaltation  of  its  service." 

This  discovery  gives  rest  and  serenity  to 
the  weary  soul,  and  is  the  last  reward  of  a 
diffidence  that  has  walled  the  victim  up 
from  human  sympathies — those  of  children 


No.  4193,  March  7,  1908 


THE    ATHEN^UM 


283 


always  excepted.  There  is  a  touching 
passage  (the  only  really  pathetic  "  piece  " 
in  the  volume)  in  which  the  writer  ex- 
presses his  gratitude  to  the  children  who 
have  loved  him,  and  seen  beneath  the 
uncomely  exterior  the  heart  which  no 
adult  cared  to  look  for.  He  points  out 
that  in  work  of  one  kind  or  another  he 
finds  his  true  joy  : — 

"  As  my  reading  is  incessant,  so  also  is 
my  writing.  For  the  happiness  of  man 
is  in  his  fertility,  and  of  barrenness  comes 
the  worst  despair.  To  be  happy  is  to  have 
issue — children,  or  books  written,  or  things 
beautifully  wrought,  or  monuments  of  good- 
ness to  live  after  you,  if  only  in  the  memory 
of  some  tiny  hamlet  of  the  folded  hills." 

These,  then,  are  his  conclusions  : — 

"  Very  love  is  of  the  heights,  and  he  whose 
thoughts  have  long  been  thither  exalted 
will  breathe  with  least  pain  the  attenuate 
upper  air. 

"  To  this  pilgrimage,  the  diffident  are 
foreordained  ;  it  is  their  happiest  hour 
when  they  take  staff  and  scrip  and  set  out 
in  earnest  for  the  shrine  built  among  the 
mountains.  The  gardens  of  Armida  are 
not  for  them,  nor  the  warm  breezes  fragrant 
of  fruit  and  flowers  ;  but  the  vision  of  a 
far  peak  flushed  at  sundawn  draws  them 
onward,  and  strength  and  peace  are  in- 
creased upon  them  throughout  the  great 
ascent." 

These  quotations  give  a  fair  illustration 
of  the  author's  quality.  The  style  is  not 
original,  and  is  greatly  elaborated,  echoing 
many  older  musicians.  But  it  is  a  style  ; 
and  we  fancy  that  lovers  of  prose  will  find 
the  book  worth  having,  although  it  is 
scarcely  strong  enough  in  ideas  or 
structure  to  do  more  than  gratify  a 
sensitive  taste.  In  the  world,  however, 
of  to-day,  which  is  indifferent  to  the  art 
of  writing,  it  is  a  pleasant  thing,  a  real 
good,  to  have  the  cadences  of  Mr.  Leith 
in  our  ears.  Let  us  quote  the  sentence 
in  which  he  decides  "  to  remain  an 
Englishman  "  : — 

"  Not  for  the  vision  of  Sorata  piercing 
the  heavens,  or  the  sunsets  of  Sienna,  or 
the  moonlight  on  the  Taj-Mahal,  or  for  any 
other  beauty  or  any  wonder,  shall  I  weary 
of  the  cornfields  framed  in  elms  or  the  great 
horses  turning  in  the  furrow  against  the 
evening  sky." 


NEW    NOVELS. 


The  Bad  Times.     By  George  A.  Birming- 
ham.    (Methuen  &  Co.) 

The  early  days  of  the  Land  League  and 
Parliamentary  obstruction  are  sufficiently 
near  our  own  time  to  afford  a  congenial 
field  for  a  novelist  who  seems  to  be  at 
his  best  in  contemporary  history.  Yet  we 
cannot  help  noticing  a  certain  falling-off 
in  power  and  vividness,  due  perhaps  to 
over-rapid  production.  The  hero,  an 
Irish  landlord,  devoted  to  a  kind  of  ideal 
Nationalism,  remains  but  a  shadowy 
figure,  and  despite  the  pathetie  and  not 
improbable  futility  of  both  his  life  and 
death,  he  never  gets  a  strong  hold  on  our 
sympathies.  Some  of  the  minor  cha- 
racters, on  the  other  hand,  are  admirable, 
e.g.,  the  agent,  genial,  well-mannered,  and, 
according  to  his  lights,  fair-dealing,  but 
displaying  in  supreme  moments  an  under- 


lying ferocity.  Equally  good  is  the 
clerical  dignitary  with  his  harangues. 
In  the  fine  scene  of  the  hero's  assassina- 
tion, the  author  for  once  relents  in  his 
hatred  for  the  Saxon,  and  shows  us  an 
Englishman,  till  then  unmercifully  ridi- 
culed, distinguishing  himself  by  self- 
control  and  humanity  from  the  excited 
Celts  around  him. 


Rodwell.     By  Valentina  Hawtrey.     (John 
Murray.) 

The  principal  charm  of  this  clever  book 
is  its  original  treatment  of  the  "  love- 
interest."  The  owner  of  Rodwell,  an 
impoverished  and  unprincipled  country 
gentleman  who  has  married  for  money, 
projects  an  alliance  between  his  eldest  son 
by  a  former  marriage  and  a  neighbouring 
heiress.  His  wife,  anxious  to  save  the 
girl  from  a  fate  like  her  own,  exacts  from 
her  stepson  a  solemn  promise  that  he  will 
not  join  in  this  scheme,  with  the  result 
that  after  her  death  the  prize  is  carried 
off  by  her  twice-widowed  husband.  But 
the  heroine's  gradual  disillusionment  con- 
cerning the  debonair  scoundrel  into  whose 
hands  she  has  fallen  is  tinged  by  no  lover- 
like regrets  on  the  score  of  his  much- 
resembling  son.  The  tragedy  lies  in  the 
deterioration  produced  in  her  own  code 
of  honour  by  the  moral  slackness  of  the 
atmosphere  which  surrounds  her.  The 
catastrophe  is  perhaps  unnecessarily  pain- 
ful, but  in  characterization  and  most  other 
respects  the  novel  is  much  above  the 
average. 

The  Pauper  of  Park  Lane.     By  William 
Le  Queux.     (Cassell  &  Co.) 

Mr.  Le  Queux's  book,  which  is  of  the 
type  that  dispatches  persons  on  dark 
errands  by  "  the  night  mail  from  Charing 
Cross,"  concerns  itself  principally  with 
the  conduct  of  a  millionaire  financier, 
who  dresses  like  a  beggar,  and  from  whose 
mysterious  residence  in  Park  Lane  coffins 
are  observed  to  be  carried  forth  at  dead 
of  night — a  phenomenon  of  which  we  have 
been  unable  to  detect  an  explanation. 
The  threads  of  the  narrative  are  many  ; 
and  as  some  seem  taken  up  only  to  be 
dropped,  we  are  soon  reduced  to  a  fitting 
state  of  bewilderment.  The  scene  shifts 
for  a  time  to  Belgrade,  where  the  author 
indulges  in  some  rather  aggressive  local 
colour,  and  displays  his  militant  admira- 
tion for  the  present  Servian  dynasty ; 
but  it  returns  to  London  and  Park  Lane 
for  an  ending  which  is  sufficiently  lurid, 
but  wholly  unconvincing. 

Princess  of  the  Sandhills.     By  Ada  Pit- 
field.     (Gay  &  Bird.) 

One  wonders  how  many  novels  have  been 
written  with  the  theme  of  a  nominal 
marriage  converted  by  the  growth  of 
sentiment  into  an  actual  one.  It  is  a 
favourite  subject  with  women,  who  seem 
to  enjoy  depicting  the  gradual  attach- 
ment of  the  wilful  girl-wife  to  the  strong 
yet  tender  husband.  We  never  discover 
in  the  case  of  this  talc  why  the  marriage 


takes  place  at  all ;  but  we  open  four 
years  after  with  the  return  of  the  husband 
from  India  to  a  wife  who  is  horrified  at  the 
thought  of  him.  There  can,  of  course, 
be  only  one  ending  to  such  a  story,  and 
after  a  sufficient  play  with  her  puppets 
the  author  gives  it.  The  novel  should  be 
popular  with  sentimental  girls. 


Not  Proven.     By  Alice  and  Claude  Askew. 
(Ward,  Lock  &  Co.) 

This  is  exactly  the  kind  of  rattling  melo- 
drama which  we  expect  from  these 
popular  authors,  the  key-note  being 
struck  by  a  murder  occurring  under 
mysterious  conditions  in  an  early  chapter. 
A  good  deal  of  skill  is  exercised  in  directing 
the  reader's  suspicion  towards  different 
persons  ;  and  we  are  certainly  surprised 
when,  at  the  finish,  the  actual  criminal 
stands  revealed.  The  incident  of  the  blind 
boy  suddenly  restored  to  sight  is  ingenious, 
and  has  some  novel  features. 


The  Standertons.     By  the  Earl  of  Elles- 
mere.     (Heinemann.) 

This  is  called  a  "  society  sketch,"  and 
most  of  the  people  in  it  belong  to  that 
world.  The  author's  calmly  judicial  way 
of  presenting  his  characters  and  incidents, 
and  his  apparent  sang-froid  and  aloofness 
towards  them  all,  are  not  in  themselves 
calculated  to  produce  enthusiasm.  It 
is  difficult  to  arouse  much  admiration 
and  interest  where  the  general  outlook 
in  author  and  characters  is  rather  negative 
than  positive.  Some  of  the  situations 
and  figures  should  evoke  sympathy,  but 
in  themselves  seem  too  calculated 
to  please.  An  absence  of  sufficient 
motive  strikes  one  with  regard  to  some 
of  the  events.  The  attempted  suicide, 
for  instance,  even  with  a  slight  sunstroke 
thrown  in,  is  not — as  it  is  told  —  con- 
vincing. Yet  that  the  author  knows 
something  of  life,  or  a  phase  of  it,  is 
evident. 

The  Paxton  Plot.     By  C.  Guise  Mitford. 
(John  Long.) 

Mr.  Mitford  is  not  among  the  timid 
writers  of  fiction  who  give  a  passing 
thought  to  the  credulity  of  their  readers. 
In  this  melodramatic  tale,  in  which  a 
plot  against  "  the  peace  and  safety  of 
the  whole  civilized  world  "  is  organized 
by  a  gang  of  desperate  foreigners  in  a 
Hampshire  village,  he  never  allows  his 
imagination  to  be  fettered  by  probability. 
John  Hankey,  whose  responsible  task 
it  is  to  defeat  the  machinations  of  the 
revolutionists,  is  a  hero  of  the  most 
approved  type — preternaturally  brave  and 
resourceful,  and  miraculously  fortunate 
whenever  his  life  is  at  stake.  All  the 
figures  of  the  story — they  include  tw> 
living  monarehs  and  a  Prime  Minister — 
are  fashioned  with  a  lavish  hand.  Some 
of  the  situations  have  dramatic  force, 
and  the  narrative  has  an  agreeable  ease. 
There  are,  in  truth,  qualities  in  this  ex- 
travagant tale  which  deserve  to  be  put 
to  better  use. 


28 1 


THE    ATHENAEUM 


No.  4193,  Mauui  7,  L908 


And  th<   Day  Came.     By  Albeil   Dorring- 
i,,!i.     J  Hutchinson  A  Co.) 

Wk  have  grown  BO  used  to  vi\  id  pictures  of 
the  Australian  hush  tliat  we  are  becoming 
hardened  to  thein.  Mr.  Dorrington,  how - 
ever,  lias  this  distinction,  that  his  native 
Australians  do  not  necessarily  outshine 
the  travelling  Briton,  as  in  most  novels 
of  this  kind.  On  the  contrary,  they  are 
rather  servile  in  their  attitude  to  the 
Hon.  Manton  Belstrade,  who  seems  to 
have  been  the  brother  of  an  earl,  though 
his  sister  was  a  plain  Miss,  and  who  is 
the  heir  of  the  bad  heroes  of  Ouida. 
Mr.  Belstrade's  road  to  ruin  was  littered 
with  broken  hearts  and  betrayed  women. 
This  is  the  tale  of  one  of  them,  a  girl  from 
the  bush  ;  but  it  is  not  a  particularly 
convincing  tale.  Indeed,  it  is  rather 
artless  and  unsophisticated,  though,  apart 
from  the  imperfect  knowledge  of  human 
nature  displayed,  there  is  some  cleverness 
in  the  book.  Probably  Mr.  Dorrington 
should  have  kept  to  the  bush,  and  not 
transported  his  characters  to  England. 


outstanding    motive    of    the    work    is   of   a 
Sectarian  character. 


For  My  Name's  Sake.  Translated  from 
Champol's  '  Sceur  Alexandrine '  by 
L.  M.  Leggatt.  (Burns  &  Oates.) 
The  object  of  this  little  story  is  to  raise 
a  protest  against  the  recent  suppression 
of  the  convents  in  France.  In  Sister 
Alexandrine  we  are  presented  with  the 
portrait  of  a  nun  who  ministers  among 
the  poorest  classes  of  Paris  and  unob- 
trusively accomplishes  her  acts  of  benefi- 
cence. Suddenly  the  Order  to  which 
she  belongs  is  dissolved  by  Government ; 
her  occupation,  if  not  wholly  gone,  is  at 
least  cruelly  interfered  with,  and  various 
members  of  the  community  suffer  in 
consequence.  The  sister  is  sympathetic- 
ally drawn,  and  an  unbiassed  reader  can 
hardly  help  feeling  that  the  class  she  repre- 
sents may  have  been  treated  in  many 
cases  with  regrettable  harshness,  though 
he  must  know  that  there  is  something 
to  be  said  on  the  other  side,  too.  For 
the  rest,  there  is  nothing  striking  about 
the  book  ;  but  it  is  pleasantly  written, 
and  preserves  a  mild  interest  throughout. 


The    Tents    of    Wickedness.     By    Miriam 

Coles  Harris.  (Sidney  Appleton.) 
This  story  may  be  fairly  described  as 
a  lineal  descendant,  with  modern  develop- 
ments, of  the  novels  of  E.  P.  Roe,  so  far 
as  method  is  concerned.  The  outlook  is 
as  ingenuously  provincial,  and  the  com- 
position of  the  narrative  as  artless,  as 
in  '  Barriers  Burnt  Away '  and  other  works 
from  the  same  pen.  A  theological  novel 
may  easily  have  points  of  interest,  pro- 
vided that  the  author  brings  a  certain 
measure  of  accomplishment  to  the  writing  ; 
but  '  The  Tents  of  Wickedness,'  in  spite 
of  several  lurid  glimpses  into  their  deplor- 
able recesses,  remains  frankly  tedious. 
The  story  is  extremely  episodic,  and  con- 
cerns the  fortunes  of  a  fair  young  girl 
who,  fresh  from  twelve  years  of  convent 
life,  is  thrown  by  a  careless  parent  into 
the  vulgar  vortex  of  what  appears  to  be 
intended     for     smart    society ;    but    the 


The    Place    Taker.     By    Peter    Earlston. 

(Greening  &  Co.) 
If  the  reader  is  indulgent  in  the  matter 
of  improbabilities  at  the  outset  of  a  story, 
and  is  willing  to  accept  a  rapid  and  un- 
interrupted succession  of  extraordinary 
coincidences  during  its  development,  'The 
Place  Taker  '  should  afford  him  an  hour  or 
two's  tolerable  entertainment.  The  plot, 
though  it  will  not  bear  dehberate  exa- 
mination, is  decidedly  ingenious,  and  the 
narrative  moves  briskly  enough  to  keep 
its  incongruities  from  being  too  noticeable. 
Given  an  American  millionaire,  a  double 
who  is  able  to  impersonate  him,  a  hired 
assassin,  and  a  few  other  properties  of  the 
sort,  one  is  prepared  for  violent  deeds 
and  an  unlimited  number  of  opportune 
accidents.  Apart  from  such  excitements 
the  merits  of  the  novel  are  not  conspicuous; 
the  characters  are  modelled  on  conven- 
tional types  and  anything  but  life-like, 
and  the  literary  style,  though  commend- 
ably  straightforward,  lacks  distinction. 


ANTHOLOGIES. 


An  English  Prose  Miscellany.  With  an 
Introduction  by  John  Masefield.  (Methuen 
&  Co.) — Mr.  Masefield' s  collection  and  the 
volume  noticed  just  below  it  raise  the 
interesting  question  whether  a  prose  an- 
thology is  either  desirable  or  feasible.  An 
anthology  selected  from  our  poets  certainly 
presents  a  number  of  works  of  art,  complete 
and  living  ;  in  prose,  at  the  best,  one  may 
hope  for  an  assortment  that  recalls  too 
vividly  the  pages  of  the  better  class  of 
snippet  periodical.  Mr.  Masefield  has  done 
his  work  as  well  as  it  could  be  done,  and 
prefaced  it  with  a  brilliant  essay  ;  but  his 
survey  is  rather  that  of  the  prose  of  several 
centuries  than  an  epitome  of  what  is  to  be 
found  within  his  covers.  Nevertheless,  with 
fine  discrimination,  he  has  detached  about 
all  that  was  detachable,  and,  leaving  aside 
the  critical  reader,  we  consider  it  likely  that 
simpler  folk  may  be  constrained  by  these 
samples  to  seek  out  the  volumes  whence 
they  came.  Beginning  with  Caxton  and  the 
primitives,  Mr.  Masefield  advances  to  Gibbon 
and  Dr.  Johnson.  His  selection  of  authors 
is  as  catholic  as  their  matter  is  varied.  A 
boy  curious  about  literature  and  the  past 
would,  we  believe,  enjoy  browsing  on  this 
pasturage. 

The  objections  that  apply  to  Mr.  Masefield' s 
volume  apply  also  to  Mrs.  Laurence  Binyon's 
Nineteenth  Century  Prose  (same  publishers), 
but,  if  we  dismiss  the  experimental  nature 
of  the  undertaking  and  regard  it  solely  as  a 
thing  done,  it  is  of  interest  to  observe  how- 
great  a  sobriety  separates  the  present  from 
the  past.  The  prose  of  the  nineteenth 
century  seems  to  be  written  by  careful  men 
with  wives  and  familias,  by  ratepayers,  and, 
as  Mrs.  Binyon  tacitly  admits,  by  persons 
afnictod  with  newspaperdom.  Here  and 
there  a  more  barbaric  note  invades  this 
subdued  tone  ;  but  the  main  effect  is  of  a 
civilization  that  has  vanquished  the  indi- 
vidual and  set  a  person  of  culture  in  his  place. 
The  book  by  reason  of  its  matter  is  less 
interesting  than  its  fellow-volume,  and  no 
serious  claim  can  be  made  that  it  will  assist 
the  studont  of  prosody.  A  passage,  a  scone, 
is  analyzed  only  after  the  student  has  caught 
fire  from  tho  mass  as  a  whole. 


Then  i«  atwayi  East  nation  in  a  collection 
of  ballads,  and  to  this  rule  A  Treasury  of 
BaHadt,  selected  and  arranged  by  .M. 
Edgar  (Harrap  &  Co.),  though  apparently 
compiled  on  the  basis  of  a  somewhat  lax 
definition  of  the  word  "  ballad,"  is  no 
exception.  Those  hero  printed  OOmprioB 
both  old  and  new,  from  '  Sir  Patrick  Sperm  ' 
and  'Chevy  Chase'  to  'The  High  Tide  on 
the  Coast  of  Lincolnshire*'  and  Mr.  New- 
bolt's  'San  Stefano  '  ;  but  tho  proportion 
of  the  old  is,  we  think,  too  small,  being  rather 
lees  than  half  the  entire  book  ;  and,  after 
all,  it  is  in  the  presentation  of  ancient 
ballads — otherwise  perhaps  not  easy  of 
access — that  an  anthology  like  the  present 
might  have  been  specially  useful.  We  can 
hardly  agree  with  the  editor  as  to  the  justice 
of  regarding  '  The  Lady  of  Shalott '  as  a 
ballad  at  all.  The  book  is  unassumingly 
bound,  but  the  paper  on  which  it  is  printed 
might  well  have  been  less  plebeian  in  appear- 
ance. 

The  same  compiler's  Treasury  of  Verse 
for  Little  Children  (same  publishers)  is  an 
admirable  selection,  and  should  be  of  real 
value  in  suggesting  early  to  the  infant  mind 
a  taste  for  what  is  good  in  verse.  Its  range 
is  wide,  including  on  its  serious  side  Tenny- 
son, Blake,  Stevenson,  and  George  Mac- 
Donald,  and  on  its  humorous,  Edward  Lear 
and  Judge  Parry  ;  while  Dr.  Watts  and 
Miss  Jane  Taylor  are  present,  we  presume 
for  the  due  pointing  of  morals.  We  notice 
a  curious  blunder  in  the  prefatory  note, 
where  it  is  stated  that  '  The  Owl  and  the 
Pussy  Cat '  is  from  '  The  Book  of  Nonsense  ' 
by  Edward  Lear.  It  is,  as  a  matter  of  fact, 
to  be  found  in  Lear's  '  Nonsense  Songs  and 
Stories.' 

Mr.  Edgar's  Treasury  of  Verse  for  Boys 
and  Girls  (same  publishers),  designed  for  all 
ages  of  children  above  the  very  young,  is 
laudably  catholic  in  scheme,  and  includes 
most  of  the  great  names  in  poetry  and  a 
large  sprinkling  of  the  small.  There  are  one 
or  two  minor  faults  to  be  found  ;  we  should, 
for  example,  have  thought  it  possible  to 
represent  William  Morris  by  some  lyrie- 
more  suitable  than  '  The  Eve  of  Crecy '  and 
'  The  Gilliflower  of  Gold,'  and  that  it  would 
have  been  wiser  to  pass  by  '  In  Memoriam  ' 
altogether  than  to  give  extracts  from  it  ; 
but  on  the  whole  the  compilation  is  excel- 
lently done,  and  should  meet  with  a  good 
reception. 

The  Book  of  Elizabethan  Verse.  Chosen 
and  edited  by  William  S.  Braithwaite. 
(Chatto  &  Windus.) — This  volume  of  "The 
Shakespeare  Library "  forms  a  welcome 
addition  to  existing  anthologies.  The  selec- 
tion is  good  and  comprehensive,  arranged 
roughly  according  to  subject  rather  than 
date,  and  furnished  with  adequate  not<  -. 
Mr.  Braithwaite's  aim  being  "both  to 
instruct  and  to  please."  We  notice  with 
somo  regret  that  in  comparatively  few  cases 
has  the  original  spelling  been  allowed  to 
indicate  itself ;  but  the  editor  has  made 
amends  by  giving  the  poems  selected,  in 
nearly  every  case,  without  omissions.  In 
addition  to  a  Glossary — rather  elementary 
in  scope — there  are  excellent  Indexes,  of 
Authors,  Titles,  and  First  Lines  respectively; 
while  as  regards  externals  the  book  would 
leave  nothing  to  be  desired,  were  it  not  that, 
owing  to  careless  binding,  many  pages  are 
out  of  their  proper  order.  This  may.  how- 
ever, be  the  case  only  in  an  early  and 
possibly  hurried  copy. 

The  Poets  :  Geoffrey  Chaucer  to  Alfred 
Tennyson,  1 340-1 892.  By  William  Stebbing. 
2  vols.  (Frowdo.) — These  two  volumes. 
which  represent  an  anthology  of  criticisms, 
contain,  says  their  author,  reports  rather 
of  my  trial  before  the  poets  than  of  theirs 


No.  4193,  March  7,  1908 


THE    ATHENAEUM 


285 


before  me."  It  would  be  more  accurate, 
we  think,  to  describe  them  as  expressing 
Mr.  Stebbing's  judgment  in  respect  of  each, 
with  something  of  the  prejudice  which 
should  be  lacking  in  a  critical  estimate.  His 
comments  are,  however,  always  readable. 
He  has  an  unusually  catholic  view  of  poetry, 
and  his  lavishness*  of  quotation  will  prove 
acceptable  to  such  as  are  not  possessed  of 
an  extensive  poetical  library.  Readers  who 
have  formed  opinions  of  their  own  will 
occasionally  find  themselves  in  conflict  with 
the  author's  dicta  and  views,  as,  for  ex- 
ample, in  the  statement  that  "  for  the  edu- 
cated Englishman  in  general"  Spenser's 
'  Epithnlamion  '  "  is  high-flown  "  ;  or  with 
the  unstinted  laudation  of  Gray,  the  con- 
fusion of  the  brilliant  promise  of  the  Rowley 
poems  with  their  actual  achievement,  and 
the  denial  of  a  place  among  the  immortals 
to  William  Morris  ;  but  in  the  main  Mr. 
Stebbing  is  a  pleasant  guide,  his  sympathy 
is  unbounded,  and  his  sense  of  poetry  is 
seldom  at  fault. 

The  Call  of  the  Homeland  (Blackie)  is  a 
collection  of  English  verse  selected  and 
arranged  by  R.  P.  Scott,  LL.D.,  and  Katha- 
rine T.  Wallas.  The  collectors  explain  that 
the  book  was  begun  some  years  ago,  but 
has  not  been  forestalled  by  any  of  the 
anthologies  produced  in  the  interval.  We 
congratulate  them  alike  on  the  scope  and 
execution  of  their  work.  Poets  and  pub- 
lishers have  been  generous  in  the  case  of 
copyright  matter,  and  the  result  is  an  admir- 
able choice  of  poems  which  may  serve  to 
awaken  a  sentiment  that  is  not  so  popular 
as  it  should  be — in  this  country  at  least. 
Some  well-known  poems  are  rather  ruthlessly 
curtailed  ;  we  do  not  care,  for  instance,  for 
seven  lines  from  a  long  poem  by  Keats.  The 
reply  of  Till  to  Tweed, 

For  ae  man  that  ye  droon 
I  droon  twa, 

is  rather  a  sinister  call  homewards.  We 
notice  two  poems  by  Sir  A.  Conan  Doyle, 
but  regret  the  omission  of  an  older  poet  of 
the  same  name  who  wrote  '  The  Private  of 
the  Buffs.'  The  scheme  of  the  book  includes 
a  good  deal  of  poetry — e.g.,  Milton's  sonnet 
'  On  his  Blindness  ' — which  is  not  distinctly 
patriotic,  though  it  presents  an  ideal  of  duty. 
We  have  no  objection  to  this,  and  have  read 
the  volume  from  beginning  to  end  with 
pleasure  which  is  occasionally  modified  by 
the  obvious  affectations  of  modern  bards. 

The  voluminous  nature  of  The  Book  of 
Living  Poets,  edited  by  Walter  Jerrold 
(Alston  Rivers),  is  to  be  accounted  for  by 
Mr.  Jerrold' s  ambiguous  contention,  in  his 
somewhat  militant  preface,  that 
"it  may  be  doubted  whether  at  any  time  there 
have  been  so  many  writers  possessed  of  the  rare 
power  of  expressing  themselves  in  poetry,  whether 
at  any  time  so  many  men  and  women  have  been 
gifted  with  the  inspiration,  or  have  mastered  the 
art." 

We  should  be  the  last  to  deny  the  existence 
of  *  rue  poets  in  our  midst  at  the  present  day  ; 
but  wo  are  inclined  to  think  that  the  editor's 
view  is  over-sanguine,  and  his  anthology — 
by  reason  of  the  number  of  lesser  bards 
included — too  comprehensive.  In  another 
sense  it  may  be  considered  scarcely  com- 
prehensive onough,  and  it  is  not  a  little 
strange,  in  view  of  the  title  of  tho  book,  to 
find  three  at  least  of  tho  groator — we  allude 
to  Mr.  John  Davidson,  Mr.  Goorge  Meredith, 
and  Mr.  W.  B.  Yeats — unrepresented  ; 
while  the  inclusion  of  the  greatost — Mr. 
Swinburne — seems  to  us,  in  these  circum- 
stances, an  error  of  judgment.  Apart  from 
these  obvious  drawbacks,  the  soloction  is 
tolerable,  and  the  volumo,  which  is  attract- 
ively bound,  should  provo  acceptable  to 
those  who  take  an  interest  in  contemporary 
verse. 


The  anthology  collected  by  M.  Georges 
Pellissier,  Anthologie  des  Poetes  frangais 
du  XIX.  Steele  (Paris,  Delagrave),  which 
professes  to  be  a  sort  of  preface  to  the 
admirable  selection  by  M.  Walch,  does  not 
please  us.  No  clear  reason  is  given  for 
the  dates  of  1800-1866,  nor  why  the  Abbe 
Delille,  who  was  born  in  1738  and  died  in 
1813,  should  come  within  those  limits  and 
Baudelaire  should  not.  Out  of  seventy- 
six  names,  scarcely  a  dozen  are  those  of 
even  tolerable  poets.  Who  are  these 
Turquetys,  Porchats,  Blanchecottes,  Corans, 
Galloix,  Baour-Lormians  ?  Who  is  the 
Berchoux  whose  '  Gastronomie,'  we  learn, 
"  renferme  des  passages  d'un  assez  joli 
tour  "  ?  Of  Turquety  we  learn  that  he  has 
"  du  souffle,  de  l'elan,  de  rampleur,"  but 
that  his  style  "  ne  repond  pas  tou jours 
a  la  sublimite  de  ses  inspirations  !  "  There 
is  a  Boulay-Paty  who  makes  "  des  poesies 
qui  ne  manquer  ni  d' eclat  ni  de  nombre, 
mais  dont  la  pensee  et  le  sentiment  n'ont 
le  plus  souvent  rien  d' original."  Yet 
we  are  innocently  asked  in  the  preface : 
"  Nous  permettra-t-on  de  croire  qu'aucun 
des  morceaux  cites  ne  paraitra  depourvu 
d'interet  ? "  Here  is  a  Campenon:  "  sa  poesie 
n'a  aucune  originalit6,"  and  three  pages  of 
it  follow.  Why  should  Balzac,  who  never 
pretended  to  be  a  poet,  be  represented  by  a 
worthless  '  Ode  a  une  jeune  Fille '  ?  Here 
and  there  we  find  adequate  space  given  to  a 
great  writer,  as  in  the  case  of  Chenier,  but 
more  often  than  not  the  poems  quoted  are 
cut  and  chopped — scraps  here  from  '  La 
Colere  de  Samson,'  scraps  there  of  the 
'  Tristesse  d' Olympic'  Now  and  then  we 
come  on  an  Aloysius  Bertrand,  a  Nepomucene 
Lemercier,  a  Philoxene  Boyer,  a  Charles 
Nodier  —  half  -  forgotten  Romantics  whose 
names  only  are  familiar  to  us.  But  how 
small  a  proportion  of  the  poems  even  of 
these  can  be  said  to  be  well  chosen  ! 


OUR    LIBRARY   TABLE. 

Woman  in  Transition.  By  Annette  M.  B. 
Meakin.  (Methuen  &  Co.) — The  purpose 
of  this  book  is  ajitly  expressed  by 
its  title.  Miss  Meakin' s  aim  is  not  to  write  a 
history  of  the  "  woman  movement,"  but 
rather  to  report  on  the  stage  which  it  has 
reached  in  its  progress  towards  tho  "  full 
equality  of  the  sexes."  In  her  rapid 
review  of  the  present  position  of  woman 
in  Europe  and  America  we  note  a  few 
questionable  statements.  We  are  inclined, 
for  instance,  to  doubt  whether  the  emancipa- 
tion of  the  French  girl  whose  parents  belong 
to  the  upper  middle  class  is  as  far  advanced 
as  our  author  believes.  She  passes  over 
without  notice  the  liberty  allowed  to  girls 
in  Belgium  ;  in  that  country  a  young  un- 
married woman  enjoys  almost  as  much 
freedom  as  in  Great  Britain.  The  Spanish 
custom  which  permits  a  wife  to  preserve 
and  use  her  maiden  name  after  marriage, 
taking  that  of  her  husband  in  addition,  is 
easily  explained  by  tho  high  value  set  on 
evidences  of  descent  among  a  people  for 
centuries  specially  proud  of  its  ancestry. 

Our  author  has  some  interesting  pages 
dealing  with  tho  position  of  woman  in  tho 
days  when  the  Roman  Catholic  Church  was 
the  ruling  power  in  Europe,  and  tho  loss  of 
dignity  and  freedom  that  followed,  in 
countries  which  accepted  the  Reformation, 
tho  establishment  of  the  various  Protestant 
systems.  As  she  rightly  points  out,  the 
denial,  in  such  countries,  of  tho  special 
honour  accorded  throughout  the  Middlo 
\  ges  to  virginity  had  the  effect  of  making 
the  social  position  of  womon  wholly  de- 
pendent on  marriage.  Instancos  of  cordial 
approbation  of  feminism  by  modern  Roman 


Catholics,  highly  esteemed  members  of  their 
Church,  are  given,  and  we  are  assured,  on 
the  authority  of* Prof.  Mausbach,  that  if 
"  Catholicism  has  often  been  reproached  for 
its  tardy  participation  in  the  woman  move- 
ment ....  it  could  afford  to  come  late,  because 
it  had  been  there  long  before."  A  want  of 
clearness  is  shown  in  stating  the  Socialist 
and  Anarchist  attitude  towards  the  move- 
ment :  some  confusion  appears  to  exist  in 
the  writer's  mind  as  regards  the  two  positions 
— which  are  profoundly  opposed  to  one 
another — while  certain  principles  strongly 
maintained  by  persons  who  reject  both, 
such  as  the  payment  of  equal  wages  for 
equal  work  to  men  and  women,  and  the 
right  of  a  married  woman  to  control  her  own 
property,  are  set  forth  as  clauses  in  the 
Anarchist  creed. 

The  volume  is  not  free  from  inaccuracies. 
Practical  acquaintance  with  the  lives  of 
the  labouring  poor  would  have  made  Miss 
Meakin  less  confident  in  her  assertion  that 
a  working  man  with  seven  children,  ' '  earning 
less  than  25s.  a  week,  would  never  dream 
of  paying  less  than  lid.  per  lb.  for  meat." 
The  passages  on  the  average  Englishwoman's 
pretended  ignorance  of  politics,  and  her 
terror  of  being  supposed  to  add  to  her  income 
by  any  form  of  trade,  are  ludicrously  out  of 
date  ;  and  the  remarks  on  trade-unionism 
for  women  show  inadequate  knowledge 
of  the  subject.  Miss  Meakin  asks  why,  if 
women  must  combine  at  all — a  proceeding 
which  she  disapproves — they  do  not  go 
into  the  existing  men's  unions.  That  there 
are  such  things  as  women's  trades  seems 
to  have  escaped  her  notice.  Again,  after 
recording  a  sweeping  condemnation  of  trade- 
unionism  in  general,  she  goes  on,  almost 
immediately,  to  render  homage  to  its  root- 
principle,  by  quoting  with  approval  the 
words  of  a  lady  who  urged  her  fellow-women 
to  "  study  the  ethics  of  wage-earning,"  and 
for  the  sake  of  their  sisters  in  industry  "  to 
roalize  the  iniquity  of  accepting  pay  which 
is  below  the  value  of  their  work." 

Miss  Meakin  is  an  enthusiastic  advocate 
of  co-education,  as  the  method  by  which 
the  claims  of  the  modern  woman  may  be 
most  securely  established  with  the  smallest 
amount  of  friction.  We  question  whether, 
in  her  recommendation  of  this  system  as  a 
solution  of  the  genoral  problem,  she  makes 
sufficient  allowance  for  deep-seated  differ- 
ences of  racial  temperament.  On  this  point 
we  are  disposed  to  agree  with  the  Spanish 
priest  whom  the  author,  after  carefid  ex- 
position of  her  own  view,  left  unshaken  in 
his  conviction  that,  in  certain  countries  and 
among  certain  peoples,  co-education  would 
be  a  perilous  experiment. 

Mr.  H.  W.  Lucy  publishes  through  Mr. 
William  Heinemann  Memories  of  Eight 
Parliaments,  and  brings  together  in  a  single 
volume  many  anecdotes,  now  grouped 
under  personal  headings,  such  as  '  Prime 
Ministers  I  have  Known,'  '  Mr.  Chamber- 
lain,' '  Lord  Randolph  Churchill,'  and  '  Mr. 
John  Morley.'  In  a  second  part  he  deals 
with  Parliamentary  maimers  and  procedure, 
and  contrasts  Washington  with  Westminster. 
His  deliberate  judgment  is  thai  of  Gladstone 
at  an  earlier  date  :  Mr.  Lucy  writes  of 
"  proof ....  that  the  latest  House  of  Com- 
mons is  not  worse,  hut  better,  than  any  that 
havo  preceded  it."  The  careful  reader  is 
rewarded  by  many  good  things,  generally, 
but  not  invariably,  kind.  There  may  he 
those,  for  example,  who  will  be  inclined  to 
question,  after   his   recent    speeches   in  the 

House  of  Lords,  whether  :i  BUggeStion  as  to 
tho  present  Lord  Salisbury  is  as  jusi  as  it  is 
humorous.      Describing    Lord    Cran borne    as 

an  Undersecretary  Dominated  "  by  a  fond 

parent,"    Mr.    Lucy   adds :     "In   any   other 


286 


T  II  E     ATI!  KNjEUM 


No.  419.S,  Habch  7,  1008 


capacity    he   Mould   do    eeri    well    indeed 

Be   would,    fo»   o\iiinplo,    maUo  mi    excellent 

private  member."  After  devoting  some 
pages  i"  the  cramped  condition  of  our  House 
,i  Commons,  .Mr.  Lucy  well  puts  the  other 
ride,  by  contrasting  toe  spacious  palace  of 
the  American  Congress,  in  which  "  the 
Gentleman  Gram  Ohio  or  the  Gentleman  from 
Alabama  rising  to  speak.. . .might  as  well 
be,  as  far  as  occupants  of  the  Diplomatic 
Gallery  are  concerned,  each  in  his  native 
State'' 

Mr.  Lucy,  in  his  diaries,  lias  told  so  many 
true  stories — inconceivable  to  tho  present 
generation — of  Major  O' Gorman,  that  we 
suspect  him  of  having  begun  to  lend  an 
ear  to  some  belonging  to  tho  Apocrypha 
of  Irish  Parliamentary  history.  "  Among 
the  legends  lingering  round  his  name "  is 
one  that  relates  how  the  porter,  opening  the 
door  of  his  four-whooler,  found  tho  giant 
"  standing  upright  breathless.  The  bottom 
of  the  conveyance  had  fallen  through  under 
his  weight,  and  in  order  to  save  his  life,  he 
had  to  trot  along  at  the  same  pace  as  the 
horse."  Mr.  Lucy  rightly  says  that  O' Gor- 
man's speeches  in  Hansard  are  mere  ghosts 
of  the  great  originals,  still  recited  by  those 
who  heard  them  ;  and  expresses  his  regret 
that  they  do  not  "  account  to  the  cold- 
blooded reader  for  the  uncontrollable  mirth 
into  which  he  threw  the  House  whenever, 
under  whatever  circumstances,  lie  addressed 
it.  I  have  seen  Gladstone  rolling  about  his 
seat  with  laughter  when  the  major  was 
holding  forth." 

Mr.  Lucy  sometimes  shows  a  healthy 
contempt  for  the  niceties  of  State  ceremonial. 
The  Sultan  may  resent  the  inferiority  of 
title  in  "  the  Turkish  Minister  "  ;  and  we 
hardly  understand  why  the  Turkish  Am- 
bassador "  in  his  fez"  should  be  "  the  only 
man  in  the  company  remaining  covered  in 
the  presence  of  the  sovereign,"  when  the 
cap  of  the  Chinese  Minister  is  described  a 
few  lines  lower.  The  Persian  Minister  on 
the  occasion  mentioned  was  also  possibly 
wearing  his  strange  mitre.  A  sentence  in 
the  same  paragraph  rightly  states  that  at 
one  time  "  Greece  found  she  could  not 
afford  the  luxury  of  a  plenipotentiary  at 
the  Court  of  St.  James."  For  many  years, 
however,  Greece  has  now  again  been  repre- 
sented by  a  Minister.  When  an  earlier 
Greek  Minister,  described  by  Mr.  Lucy, 
wore  "  petticoat,"  he  hardly  can  be  said 
to  have  combined  it  with  "  breeches."  The 
fustenalla  is  worn,  in  the  (alternative) 
diplomatic  costume  of  Greece,  with  white 
leggings  in  the  nature  of  those  of  the  light 
infantry  of  the  King's  Guard  at  Athens. 

The  Handbook  of  Treaties  relating  to 
Commerce,  printed  for  the  Stationery  Office 
by  Messrs.  Harrison  &  Sons,  is  compiled 
by  Mr.  Gaston  de  Bernhardt  of  the  Foreign 
Office  Library,  and  gives  fully  and  exactly 
what  its  title  implies.  The  first  treaty  in 
the  volume  stands  there  by  reason  of  the 
fact  that  it  relates  to  Abyssinia,  although, 
oddly  enough,  the  official  nam©  of  the 
country  (Ethiopia)  would  relegate  it  to  a 
different  position.  All  politicians  and  his- 
torians are  aware  of  a  similar  difficulty  in 
the  case  of  our  own  country,  which  has 
sometimes  to  bo  looked  for  under  '  Angle- 
torre,'  though  more  frequently  under  '  Great 
Britain,'  and  is  rarely  found  under  its  truo 
name,  '  United  Kingdom.'  Statisticians  are 
aware  of  a  similar  case  in  our  public  docu- 
ments, where  India  is  officially  described  as 
East  India.  The  Athenaeum  lately  noted 
the  titles  of  the  Negus.  In  the  treaty  which, 
in  spite  of  the  "  See  Ethiopia  "  of  the  Index, 
appears  here  as  No.  1,  we  ring  the  changes 
on  "  King  of  Kings  of  Ethiopia,"  "  His 
Majesty  tho  Emperor  Menelek,"  and  "  the 
Emperor  of  Etliiopia."     Menelek  in  writing 


to  the  British  plenipotentiary  stylos  himself 
"  The  Conquering  Lion  of  the  Tribe  of 
Judah  "  ;  but  in  another  place  ho  puts  "  By 
the  Grace  Of  God,  King  of  Kings  of  Ethiopia," 
in  front  of  the  Lion.  Last  of  all  comes 
Menelek  to  Quoon  Victoria,  whore  lie  begins 
by  calling  himself  "  Elect  of  God,"  and  then 
finds  some  difficulty  with  "  Defender  of  tho 
Faith,"  bis  version  of  which  is  officially 
translated  as  "Queen  of ....  Empress  of 
India,  Upholder  and  Keeper  of  the  Christian 
Religion."  Tho  slipping-in  of  tho  explana- 
tion of  a  faith  common  to  Menelek  and 
Queon  Victoria  settles  the  question  some- 
times askod  by  scoffers,  "  Which  faith  ?  " 
Venezuela  and  Zanzibar  stand  last  in  the 
principal  collection  :  two  names  which 
suggest  that  the  treatios  with  them  here 
given,  of  which  tho  latest  are  1834  and  1886, 
can  hardly  be  applicable  to  the  present 
state  of  tilings  in  either  case,  inasmuch  as 
we  have  nearly  gone  to  war  with  the  United 
States,  not  to  mention  Venezuela  herself, 
over  the  one,  and  have  "  grabbed "  the 
subject  of  the  other.  But  we  are  happy  to 
add  that  appearances  are  saved  in  each 
case  by  a  note  explaining  the  renewal  of 
such  portions  of  the  solemn  instruments  as 
are  not  too  obviously  superseded  by  events. 

We  can  give  high  praise,  from  a  limited 
point  of  view,  to  A  Military  Geography  of 
the  Balkan  Peninsula,  by  Prof.  Lionel  Lyde 
and  Lieut.-Col.  Mockler-Ferryman  (A.  &  C. 
Black).  This  volume  reached  the  reviewer 
on  tho  day  on  which  he  read  debates  in 
both  Houses  of  Parliament  upon  our  policy 
in  the  Balkans,  and  caused  him  to  shudder, 
in  his  capacity  of  a  taxpayer,  at  the  sug- 
gestion that  the  opening  of  a  series  of 
military  geographies  by  this  excellent  ex- 
ample may  portend  a  Balkan  war.  The 
purely  geographical  side  of  the  subject — 
the  mountains,  rivers,  railways,  and  roads — 
strategically  considered,  is  admirably  treated, 
and  morals  are  drawn  as  to  the  bearing  of 
military  geography  on  politics.  W©  were 
startled  to  see  a  reference  in  the  Table  of 
Contents  to  Bulgaria  as  "  a  buffer  State," 
but  found  no  room  for  question  in  the  two 
chapters  in  which  the  matter  is  discussed. 
There  it  is  rightly  explained  that,  physic- 
ally, Bulgaria  is  an  ideal  buffer  State, 
although  unfortunately  the  perfect  obstacle 
to  the  march  of  armies  which  its  ranges 
constitute  is  politically  neutralized  by  the 
presence  of  the  same  fighting  people  in  the 
plain  upon  the  Turkish  side  as  on  the  plateau 
towards  the  Danube  and  Roumania.  So, 
too,  Roumania  is  shown  in  the  Table  of 
Contents  as  forming  "  a  tongue  of  Russia" 
— that  is,  physically.  The  separate  nature 
of  the  Rouman  people  and  the  perfection 
of  their  defence  organization  are  such,  that 
politically  Roumania  forms  a  bar,  and  not  a 
tongue.  The  new  Austrian  railway  project 
is  treated  from  the  Servian  point  of  view, 
with  admirable  skill  and  judgment  ;  and 
the  explanation  of  the  fact  that  the  water- 
shed of  the  peninsula  comes,  at  one  point, 
within  five  miles  of  the  Adriatic  is  so 
handled  as  to  prove  th©  extreme  impro- 
bability of  th©  rapid  construction  of  a 
Russian  ©ast-to-west  counter-line.  Climate 
is  well  explained,  and  it  is  shown  to  how 
considerable  an  extent  frost  and  rain  put 
limits  to  military  operations  in  the  Balkans, 
and  add  to  the  extreme  risk  of  malarial 
and  epidemic  disease.  Th©  position  of 
Constantinople  is  thoroughly  explained, 
and  the  unique  nature  of  its  strategic  position 
developed  in  much  detail.  What  is  more 
fresh  to  the  reader  is  the  explanation  of  th© 
immense  strength  of  th©  position  of  Salonica. 
Th©  Strang©  politico-military  situation  of 
Mount  Athos,  on  the  other  hand,  is  perhaps 
insufficiently  set  forth. 

In  th©  political  skotch  at  the  end  of  tho 


volume  the  author.-  show  Us  unduly 

i  i  imietie  in  their  belief  that  the  Christian 
kingdoms  iriU  eventually  be  absorbed  by 
llu  }ia.  How  Bulgaria  "in  the  end"  can 
"  take  its  place  as  one  of  the  outlying  pro- 
vinces of  the  Tsar"  it  is  difficult  to  under- 
stand, given  the  belief  expressed  by  tho 
authors  in  the  strength  of  the  position  of 
Koumania.  We  could  find  fault  with  the 
authors'  spelling,  as,  for  example,  in  the 
omission  Ol  vowels  in  words  that  cannot  be 
pronounced  without  them.  We  should 
have  thought  it  hotter  to  avoid  the  forms 
"  Trn  "  and  "  Trnovo."  These  remind  us 
of  the  fashion  of  writing  in  Persian  "  Wfdr  " 
for  th©  word  officially  spelt  "  Wafadar  ' 
in  India.  In  the  list  of  useful  words  given 
in  several  Balkan  languages,  readers  who 
wisli  to  compare  the  tongues  will  turn  to  th© 
numerals,  but  they  will,  we  think,  find  sir 
omitted.  We  dislike  th©  phrase  "Bulgarian 
Greek  "  for  the  Church  of  th©  Exarchate. 

Capt.  Mahan's  Some  Neglected  Aspects  of 
War  (Sampson  Low  &  Co.)  contains  a  reprint 
of  four  well-known  papers  from  his  pen, 
with  two  essays  by  other  writers,  including 
Mr.  Julian  Corbett's  '  The  Capture  of 
Private  Property  at  Sea,'  from  The  Nine- 
teenth Century  of  last  June.  It  is  well  to 
have  all  these  essays  in  one  volume,  con- 
nected as  they  are  with  r©cent  discussions 
in  this  country  on  th©  Hague  Conference. 

The  daily  papers  have  mentioned  a 
Report  upon  the  French  Colonic*,  by  th© 
Hon.  Reginald  Lister  of  the  Paris  Embassy, 
circulated  to  Parliament  as  a  Command 
Paper  on  Saturday  last.  Just  as  foreign 
writers  are  confused  by  India  (regarded  by 
them  as  our  chief  colony)  being  omitted 
from  our  colonial  statistics,  so  British 
readers  need  to  be  warned  that  th©  Report 
before  us  omits  Algeria  and  Tunis,  besides 
other  Protectorates.  Algeria  is  chiefly  under 
the  French  Home  Office,  and  is  for  many 
purposes  part  of  France.  Tunis,  with 
several  less  important  Protectorates,  is 
administered  by  th©  Protectorates  Depart- 
ment of  the  French  Foreign  Office — just 
as  Cyprus  and  British  East  Africa  used  to 
be  dealt  with  by  the  Foreign  Office  in 
London,  though  now  handed  over  to  th© 
Colonial  Office.  We  should  not  have  thought 
it  nec©ssary  to  notice  this  Parliamentary 
Paper  in  our  pages,  were  it  not  for  the 
attention  recently  called  by  us  to  the  policy 
pursued  by  the  present  Governor-General 
of  Madagascar,  and  for  the  official  nature 
of  Mr.  Lister's  reference  to  education  in  th© 
great  African  island.  We  here  find  Parlia- 
ment informed,  through  the  Foreign  Office, 
of  a  supposed  advance  in  native  education 
and  improvement  in  native  policy  in 
Madagascar.  The  following  is  a  general 
observation  upon  the  French  colonies  : — 

"Fortunately  the  views  of  those  in  power  have 
now  changed,  and  a  system  of  education  has  been 
adopted,  based  on  the  following  practical  lines  : — 

"1.  Native  education  to  be  respected  and  kept 

tip 

"4.  Each  Colony  to  have  a  system  of  education 

in  harmony  with  its  needs  and  aspirations " 

Then  follows  Madagascar  : — 

"In  1896  there  existed  in  Madagascar  only  a 
few  private  schools  founded  by  the  various 
Missionary  Societies  who  had  been  settled  in  the 
country  for  some  forty  years.  At  the  present 
moment  22,500  natives  attend  550  official  schools, 
nine  of  which  are  professional.  There  are,  more- 
over, at  Antananarivo  a  professional  school,  a 
school  of  medicine,  and  a  school  of  sericulture. 
There  are  also  upwards  of  182  private  schools 
attended  hy  some  20,000  pupils." 

No  one  would  believe,  to  read  these 
official  words,  that  M.  Augagneur  has  been 
shown — by  the  French  Protestants  in  th© 
volume  lately  reviewed  by  us,  and  in  th© 
Chamber  of  Deputies  by  M.  Jules  Siegfried 


No.  4193,  March  7,  1908 


THE    ATHENiEUM 


287 


— to  have  destroyed  native  education  in 
Madagascar  outside  the  capital  and  a  few 
favoured  spots. 

Lisbon  and  Cintra,  with  some  Account  of 
other  Cities  and  Historical  Sites  in  Portugal. 
By  A.  C.  Inchbold.  Illustrated  by  Stanley 
Inchbold.  (Chatto  &  Windus.)— There  is 
nothing  patronizing  in  Mr.  Inchbold' s  atti- 
tude to  the  Portuguese,  and,  as  he  avoids 
the  temptation  to  gush,  the  tone  of  his 
book  is  excellent.  His  descriptions  of  the 
peasantry  and  scenes  in  the  streets  of 
Lisbon  are  effective  ;  he  is  interested  in  all 
he  sees — the  fisherwomen  of  Ovarina,  the 
"  cavalleiros "  in  the  ring,  the  students 
at  Coimbra — and  his  observations  are  gener- 
ally shrewd.  Unfortunately,  he  has  thought 
it  necessary  to  add  long  disquisitions  on 
Portuguese  history  and  literature,  and  in 
these  matters  he  is  not  to  be  followed 
implicitly.  Camoens  did  not  die  "  a  few 
days  "  after  the  death  of  King  Sebastian : 
he  died  two  years  later.  Ribeiro's  heroine 
was  not  the  Princess  Beatriz  :  she  is  identi- 
fied with  Joana  de  Vilhena.  However, 
Mr.  Inchbold  is  a  pleasant  guide  through 
modern  Portugal  from  the  capital  to  Oporto, 
being  both  acute  and  good-natured. 

William  Clarke  :  a  Collection  of  his 
Writings.  Edited  by  Herbert  Burrows  and 
John  A.  Hobson.  (Sonnenschein  &  Co.) — 
The  friends  of  the  late  William  Clarke 
have  done  well  to  execute  a  memorial  of 
his  literary  work.  He  was  a  finely  tempered 
and  cultivated  critic,  who  just  missed  great- 
ness because,  perhaps,  his  originality  of 
mind  was  inferior  to  his  powers  of  acquiring 
knowledge.  Mr.  Burrows  has  equipped  the 
volume  with  an  admirable  biographical 
sketch,  setting  forth  the  facts  of  William 
Clarke's  career  from  his  childhood  at 
Norwich,  through  Cambridge,  to  his  active 
fife  as  a  journalist  and  lecturer,  and, 
finally,  his  death  in  1901  at  Mostar  in 
the  Herzegovina.  Mr.  Burrows  rightly 
counts  it  among  the  ironies  of  existence 
that  the  strong  anti-militarist  and  anti- 
"  Randlord "  should  have  been  taken  to 
his  grave  on  a  gun  -  carriage,  and  buried 
in  a  military  cemetery  between  a  soldier 
and  a  Jew. 

The  '  Political  Essays '  comprised  in  this 
volume  deal  with  matters  beyond  the 
province  of  The  Athenaeum.  But  we 
can  praise  with  little  reserve  the  two 
sections  entitled  '  Appreciations  '  and 
'  Culture  and  Criticism,'  the  latter  being  a 
selection  from  William  Clarke's  contribu- 
tions to  The  Spectator  during  the  later  years 
of  his  life.  Given  a  sympathetic  subject 
like  Walt  Whitman  or  Edward  Augustus 
Freeman,  Clarke  handled  it  in  a  masterly 
style,  by  no  means  extenuating  short- 
comings, yet  laying  due  stress  on  merit. 
He  wrote  under  conditions  that  militated 
against  permanent  fame  ;  still  this  volume 
should  find  its  place  on  the  shelves  of  those 
who  can  appreciate  the  fruits  of  a  serious, 
yet  sanguine,  and  vigorous,  yet  temperate 
intellect. 

Ellice  Hopkins  :  a  Memoir.  By  Rosa 
M.  Barrett.  With  Introduction  by  Canon 
Scott  Holland.  (Wells  Gardner  &  Co.) — 
The  namo  of  Ellice  Hopkins  is  most  familiar 
to  the  present  generation  in  connexion 
with  the  Wliito  Cross  League,  which  was 
founded  at  hor  instigation.  Convinced  from 
hor girlhood  that  shohad  a  message  to  deliver, 
Miss  Hopkins  laboured  unceasingly,  at  the 
sacrifice  of  hor  health  and  hor  natural 
inclinations  for  a  homo  life  and  domestic 
ties,  in  the  causo  of  purity  and  for  tho 
improved  condition  of  women.  To  her 
efforts  was  duo  tho  passing  of  the  Criminal 
Law  Amendment  Act,  and  her  work  also 
bore  fruit  in  the  Associations  for  the  Caro 


of  Friendless  Girls,  now  established  through- 
out England.  A  gift  of  remarkable  elo- 
quence, combined  with  the  sound  education 
she  had  received  from  her  father,  a  notable 
Cambridge  tutor,  was,  no  doubt,  of  great 
assistance  to  her  in  her  self-appointed 
mission. 

Mr.  Ramsay  Colles  has  done  justice  to 
The  Complete  Poetical  Works  of  George 
Darley  in  a  recent  issue  of  "  The  Muses' 
Library "  (Routledge).  An  excellent  and 
informing  Introduction  brings  before  us  the 
true  poet,  who  was  once  an  Athenozum 
critic,  and  received  the  remarkable  tribute 
to  his  quality  of  insertion  among  the  Tudor 
lyricists  in  Palgrave's  '  Golden  Treasury.' 
We  spoke  of  Darley's  gifts  in  reviewing  the 
issue  of  '  Nepenthe '  edited  by  Mr.  R.  A. 
Streatfeild  in  1897,  and  we  hope  this  neat  and 
capable  issue  of  his  work  (including  '  The 
Sorrows  of  Hope,'  which  has  never  before  been 
printed  or  published)  will  not,  owing  to  its 
size,  escape  notice.  Many  of  Darley's  lyrics 
besides  that  which  deceived  Palgrave, 
"It  is  not  beauty  I  demand,"  deserve 
a  place  in  poetical  collections.  There  is 
something,  perhaps,  of  a  stammer  in  them 
here  and  there,  as  there  was  in  his  tongue  ; 
there  is,  too,  an  eighteenth-century  heaviness 
of  phrase  in  his  longer  poems  ;  but  on  every 
page  one  lights  on  poetry  which  is  real 
invention  of  that  "inevitable"  sort  rare 
in  many  respected  bards.  '  The  Sorrows  of 
Hope '  is  trite  in  subject,  but  contains 
some  excellent  lines. 

A  series  of  letters  from  "  Books  of  To-day 
and  the  Books  of  To-morrow "  has  been 
reprinted  by  Messrs.  Wells  Gardner  in  a 
volume  entitled  Salt  and  Sincerity,  and  the 
ingenious  and  worldly-wise  Arthur  Pendenys 
now  reveals  himself  as  Mr.  A.  L.  Humphreys. 
The  letters  afford  abundant  entertainment, 
for  the  author  is  witty  himself,  and  has  a 
sharp  eye  for  the  wit  of  others.  Further,  he 
combines  wide  knowledge  of  printed  matter 
with  a  taste  for  feminine  frivolities,  such  as 
large  hats,  and  for  the  enjoyments  which 
make  up  the  life  of  people  of  means.  Not 
all  the  stories  told  are  in  their  best  form, 
but  that  does  not  matter.  As  a  whole  the 
instruction  on  the  art  of  life  so  lightly 
conveyed  is  sound.  So  much  cannot  be 
said  for  the  binding,  a  detail  which  we 
hardly  expected  an  advocate  of  good  work- 
manship like  Mr.  Humphreys  to  neglect. 

Tasso  and  his  Times.  By  W.  Boulting. 
(Methuen.) — Does  any  one,  at  any  rate  in 
England,  read  Tasso  now  ?  Even  Italians 
seem  to  have  grown  somewhat  weary  of  him  ; 
and  De  Sanctis,  in  the  chapter  nominally 
devoted  to  him,  appears  disposed  to  dwell 
chiefly  on  the  literary  conditions  which 
prevailed  in  Italy  at  the  time,  and  to  point 
out  the  frigidities  and  indecisions  of  the 
'  Gerusalemme.'  Beside  his  cold  analysis 
the  eulogy  of  Hallam  falls  strangely  on  our 
ears.  Few  in  these  days,  we  imagine, 
would  agree  that  "  in  the  variety  of  occur- 
rences, the  change  of  scenes  and  images, 
and  of  tho  trains  of  sentiment  connected 
with  them  in  tho  reader's  mind,  we  cannot 
place  tho  '  Iliad  '  on  a  level  with  the  '  Jeru- 
salem '  ";  or  find  that  "  there  are  few  poems 
of  great  length  which  "  they  "  so  little  wish 
to  lay  aside."  If  they  do  not  lay  it  aside, 
it  will  bo  for  tho  simple  reason  that  they 
have  never  taken  it  up.  Those  whose  curi- 
osity to  see  what  their  grandfathers  so  much 
admired  may  have  led  them  to  dip  into  it 
will  rather  be  inclined,  with  the  Italian 
critic,  to  notice  tho  "  scolta  di  parole 
sonanti,  riempiture  <ii  epiteti  o  di  awerbii, 
nobilta  convonzionnlo  di  espressioni,  poverta 
di  parole,  di  frasi,  di  OOStruzioni  e  di  gra- 
dazioni."  Like  him,  they  will  detect  "  un 
certo  sopratuono  come  di  chi  gridi   o  non 


parli,"  inappropriate  to  narrative,  and 
tending  perforce  to  declamation.  We  may 
admit  to  the  full  Tasso 's  technical  skill 
in  the  structure  of  verse,  and  (so  far  as  a 
foreigner  can  judge  of  it)  his  gift — unrivalled 
by  any  of  his  contemporaries,  unless  it  be 
our  own  Daniel — of  easy  and  melodious 
arrangement  of  words.  It  is  a  gift  more 
fully  apparent  in  some  of  his  lyrics  or 
in  the  '  Aminta,'  written  before  the 
tyranny  of  the  Crusca  (the  Council  of  Trent, 
as  it  has  been  well  styled,  of  the  Italian 
language)  had  done  what  it  could  to  turn 
poets  into  pedants.  But  the  modern  reader 
will  rarely  obtain  from  his  verse  that  indefin- 
able thrill  without  which  the  finest  versifica- 
tion hardly  begins  to  be  poetry.  Nor  will  he, 
it  may  be  added,  in  Ariosto  ;  but  Ariosto 
at  least  rolls  his  readers  along  in  an  exhilarat- 
ing stream  of  audacious  fancies,  and,  if  he 
seldom  touches  the  nobler  chords,  at  least 
sets  us  laughing.  Those  whose  taste  was 
moulded,  like  Hallam's,  in  the  eighteenth 
century  do  not  seem  to  have  felt  the  need 
for  the  thrill— it  may  be  suspected  that  they 
rather  despised  it  as  unmanly — or  else 
they  secured  the  purging  of  their  passions 
by  means  that  seem  inadequate  to  us.  But 
the  present  age  will  have  it ;  and  neglects 
the  Cinquecento  poets  accordingly,  to  its 
own  loss. 

Mr.  Boulting,  however,  seems  to  have 
thought  that  at  least  the  story  of  Tasso's 
unhappy  life  would  bear  telling  again. 
Stimulated,  as  it  would  seem,  during  a 
stay  at  Ferrara  by  the  associations  of  that 
city,  and  being  visited  by  "  beckonings  to 
unaccustomed  secrets,  and  the  faint  mutter- 
ings  of  hollow  voices,"  he  started  to  retell 
the  often-told  story.  Perhaps  he  was 
right  ;  the  British  public,  though  it  does 
not  read  the  Italian  authors,  seems  to  have 
a  certain  appetite  for  books  about  them,  and 
Miss  Hasell's  adequate  little  volume  on 
Tasso,  published  five-and-twenty  years  ago 
in  the  "  Foreign  Classics  "  series,  is,  perhaps, 
forgotten.  That  Mr.  Boulting  has  added 
materially  to  the  information  contained  in 
that  book  we  are  not  prepared  to  say.  So 
far  as  Tasso  is  concerned,  all  the  knowledge 
now  available  was  equally  so  then — at  any 
rate,  for  all  that  anything  in  Mr.  Boulting' s 
book  shows.  He  has,  no  doubt,  recorded  a 
few  bits  of  unimportant  and  sometimes  not 
particularly  edifying  gossip  ;  but  as  he  gives 
no  references  it  is  impossible  even  to  test  the 
value  of  the  authorities  on  which  his  state- 
ments are  based.  It  does  not,  of  course, 
really  matter  whether  the  unpleasant  per- 
son who  tampered  with  Tasso's  papers 
has  been  "  at  last  identified  as  Antonio 
Virginio  Brunello,"  or  whether,  as  was  sup- 
posed, Tasso  called  him  "  Brunello  "  after 
a  somewhat  shady  personage  in  the  'Furioso' 
who  deservedly  got  hung  ;  but  the  reader 
ought  to  have  been  told  tho  evidence  for 
the  identification.  There  is,  again,  an  un- 
savoury tale  about  Francesco  Maria  II. 
of  Urbino  and  his  wife,  which  is  not  only 
unlikely  in  itself,  but  contrary  to  what  we 
know  of  tho  character  of  that  respectable, 
if  somewhat  priggish  prince.  Dennistoun, 
whom  Mr.  Boulting  professes  to  have  at 
least  consulted,  is  still  our  leading  authority 
for  the  Dukes  of  Urbino.  Retelling  a  tale 
so  inconsistent  with  Dennistoun's  estimate 
of  one  of  (hem,  Mr.  Boulting  should  have 
given  chapter  and  verse.  He  gives,  it  is 
true,  the  usual  list  of  "  authorities."  somo 
of  them  rather  odd  ones.  Why  Bembo, 
who  died  when  Tasso  was  three  yean  old, 
should  be  classed  as  a  contemporary,  whilo 
Father  Paid,  who  was  forty  when  Tasso 
dud,  should  he  among  the  "later  writers," 
is  hardly  easier  to  divine  than  the  reason  for 
including  either  among  "authorities"  on 
Tasso  at  all.     We  miss,  on  the  other  hand, 


288 


T  II  E     AT  II  KNvEUM 


Xo.  11  (♦.",.  Mam  h  7,  1008 


the    miiiii  -    of    Seraaai     the    learned    eigh- 
th-century  biographer  of  TaaBO,   upon 
(Those  irork  nil  snbeegoenl  Uvea  l»wo  been 
baaed,  and  who  was  edited  by  the  accom- 
pli bed    scholar    Oeaare   Gtaaati    some   fifty 
years  ago    and  <>f  Qingaene,  indispensable 
to    the    Btudent    of    Italian    literature,    who 
devotee   a   long  chapter   to  Tasso   and   two 
more  to  an  analysis  of  the  'Jerusalem,'  an 
important    matter   which    Mr.    Boulting   has 
entirely    neglected.     He   does,    indeed,   give 
one  chapter  headed  with  the  name  of  the 
great   poem  ;     but  it  is   only  eleven  pages, 
and  two  of  those  are  taken  up  with  a  long 
({notation  from  Lamartine,  which  does  not 
help  us  much  ;  and  one  and  a  half  more  with 
parallel  passages  from  the  '  Jerusalem  '  and 
'  The     Faery     Queene,'     already     familiar, 
it   may    be     thought,     to     the     superficial 
student     of     either     literature.     After     all, 
Spenser  was  not  the  only  English  poet  to 
feel  the  influence  of  Tasso.     Daniel's  version 
of  "  O  bell'  eta  dell'  oro  " — perhaps  the  most 
perfect  bit  of  verse-translation  in  our  lan- 
guage— is  well  known  ;  but  it  does  not  need 
that  to  prove  how  deeply  Daniel  had  steeped 
himself   in   Tasso' s  poetry.     One   has   only 
to  read  the  opening  stanzas  of  the  '  Civil 
Wars  '  to  be  aware  of  it.     Some  discussion  of 
points  like  these,  some  attempt  to  indicate 
Tasso's   position  in  regard  to   his  contem- 
poraries   or    successors    in   other    countries, 
would  have  been  of  value,  and  might  well 
have    taken    the    space    devoted    to    some 
cheap   descriptions   of    Rome   and   Venice  ; 
which  cannot  be  said  of  remarks  like  "  Tasso 
is  the  lineal  descendant  of  the  troubadours, 
but  he  belongs  to  an  age  less  simple  and  less 
sincere,"  a  remark  which  serves  chiefly  to 
show  that  the   writer    knows    little    of    the 
troubadours  and  the  highly  artificial  society 
in  which  they  moved. 

Of  Tasso's  mental  troubles  we  naturally 
hear  a  good  deal.  The  subject  has  been 
well  thrashed  out  already,  and  most  writers 
are  by  now  pretty  well  agreed  that  the  poet's 
brain  was  radically  unsound  from  causes 
which  are  not  far  to  seek,  and  that  his  patron 
was  sincerely  concerned  for  him,  and  treated 
him  with  a  consideration  and  humanity 
rarely  extended  to  lunatics  in  those  days, 
though  his  patience  may  no  doubt  have 
been  occasionally  tried  by  the  invalid's 
vagaries.  That  Alfonso  in  the  least  sus- 
pected, or  had  the  least  cause  to  suspect, 
any  improper  relations  between  Tasso  and 
his  sister,  it  is  impossible  to  believe.  As 
Mr.  Boulting  points  out,  the  princes  of  the 
Cinquecento  had  a  short  way  with  tres- 
passers of  that  sort  ;  besides  that,  any 
conduct  of  the  kind  would  have  been  wholly 
foreign  to  all  that  we  know  of  Tasso's  cha- 
racter. So  far  as  we  are  aware,  there  is  no 
hint  of  it  in  contemporary  French  writers, 
who  would  hardly  have  missed  such  a  pretty 
bit  of  scandal  about  a  house  well  known 
in  France  like  that  of  Este. 

Mr.  Boulting's  style,  a  compound  of 
11  preciosity  "  and  colloquialism,  does  not 
attract  us  ;  nor  does  his  mode  of  spelling 
proper  names  bespeak  familiarity  with  the 
best  writors.  "  Buonarotti,"  "  Amidigi," 
"  Mecamas,"  occur  too  frequently  to  be 
set  down  to  the  fancy  of  a  printer.  A 
group  of  French  poets  was  called  "  the 
P16iade  "  ;  but  that  does  not  justify  the 
author  in  writing  of  them  and  indexing 
them  as  "  the  French  Pleaides."  "  Dulce 
despiere  loco  "  is  the  form  in  which,  a 
familiar  Horatian  tag  appears.  That 
cardinals  "  were  for  the  most  part  aged 
men  "  is  a  statement  hardly  borne  out  by 
the  history  of  the  times.  These  are  only  a 
few  among  the  indications  we  have  noted 
that  Mr.  Boulting  undertook  his  task  with 
an  insufficient  equipment.  No  one  ought 
at  this  time  of  day  to  sit  down  to  produce 


a  life  of  a  great  writer  without,  so  to  say, 
saturating  himself  with  contemporary  his- 
tory, botH  literary  and  general. 

Forty-One   Facsimiles   of  Dated   Christian 
Arabic  Manuscripts,  loith  Text  and  Knglish 
Translation.     By    A.    S.    Lewis    and    M.    I>. 
Gibson.     With    Introduction    by    the     I 
D.  S.  Margoliouth.      (Cambridge,  I  niversity 
Press.) — The  idea  of  this  useful  little  volume 
was  suggested  by  a  remark  of  the  lamented 
I'rof.  Robertson  Smith,  who  said  very  truly 
that    "  dated   Arabic   manuscripts   are  just 
what  we  want."     In  spite  of  the  researches 
of  Fleischer,  Ahlwardt,  Moritz,  Pihan,  and 
others,  there  is  much  to  be  done  before  it 
will  bo  possible  to  fix  the  age  of  undated 
Arabic  MSS.  with  anything  like  the  precision 
which  applies  to  the  palaeography  of  Europe  ; 
and  although  there  are  a  good  many  fac- 
similes now  available,  notably  in  the  volume 
edited   by   Wright   for   the   Palaeographical 
Society's   Oriental    Series,    and   in   Moritz's 
great   work    on    '  Arabic    Palaeography,'    as 
well  as  in  some  catalogues  of  Arabic  MSS., 
we  need  many  more,   and   every   addition 
helps.     The  present  collection  gives  excellent 
photographic     reproductions     of     forty-one 
manuscripts,  a  page  of  each,  and  preferably 
the  page  containing  the  date.     Thirty-five 
of     these    belong    to    the    Sinai    collection 
which  Mrs.  Lewis    and    Mrs.    Gibson    have 
explored   and  made   known  with  such  un- 
grudging   labour    and    unqualified    success. 
Of  the  rest,  five  are  in  the  British  Museum, 
and    one    in    the    Bibliotheque    Nationale. 
The  dates  range  from  705  (87  a.h.)  to  1787, 
but  there  is  perhaps  an  excessive  proportion 
(13)    of   thirteenth-century    examples.     No- 
thing could  be  more  satisfactory  than  the 
manner  in  which  the  plates  are  reproduced, 
edited,  and  translated.     The  writing  shows 
many  varieties,  ranging  over  eleven  centuries; 
and  although  calligraphy  is  not  the  object 
in  view,  but  the  development  of  the  ordinary 
Arabic  script  as  used  in  histories  and  works 
of  permanent  use,  some  of  the  hands  are 
fine   examples   of   an  excellent  style.     The 
only    thing    we    take    exception    to    is    the 
emphasizing  of  the  classification  "Christian" 
Arabic    manuscripts.     Of    course    they  are 
Christian,  written  by  Christian  scribes,  and 
containing  Christian  works — gospels,  hagio- 
graphies,   sermons,    and   so   forth.     But   so 
far  as  the  writing  is  concerned,  we  fancy 
that   few   Arabic   palaeographers   would   be 
able    to    pronounce    definitely    that    they 
differ   in   any   salient   particular  from   con- 
temporary Muslim  writing.     As  Prof.  Mar- 
goliouth guardedly  writes  in  his  instructive 
Introduction  to  the  volume  : — 

"  The  subject  has  not  ordinarily  been  treated 
independently,  owing  to  the  difficulty  of  separating 
Christian  from  other  Arabic  writing.  Perhaps  the 
name   'Christian   type'   may   be   assigned   to   the 

handwriting  illustrated  in [&c] ;  perhaps,  too, 

facsimiles  II.  and  III.  show  a  tendency  to  introduce 
Syriac  forms  into  Arabic  letters,  or  at  least  give 
the  latter  a  suggestion  of  the  Syriac  script.  And 
in  general,  if  the  Christian  documents  of  the  fifth 
century  a.h.  and  later  be  compared  with  contem- 
porary Moslem  documents,  a  certain  stiffness,  a 
certain  approximation  to  the  '  square  character," 
is  often  found  in  the  former  which  is  not  found  in 
the  latter.  The  Moslem  scribe  seems  to  work  with 
greater  ease  and  greater  certainty.  The  Moslem 
leaves  something  to  the  reader,  the  Christian 
allows  no  ambiguity  for  him  to  settle." 

This  "  perhaps  "  is  going  as  far  as  it  is 
possible  to  go  with  any  prudence,  and  the 
last  point  is  to  some  extent  discounted  bjr 
the  fact  that  Christian  documents,  being 
chiefly  of  a  sacred  or  semi-sacred  character, 
would  necessarily  be  transcribed  with  special 
care  and  extraordinary  avoidance  of  am- 
biguity.    We  confess  we  do  not  see  anything 


differentiates  them  from  Muslim  Arabic 
MSS.  of  the  same  period.  The  "  stiffnesss  " 
and  "  squareness  "  appear  to  us  to  be  the 
exception  rather  than  the  ride,  tfcoagh  we 

admit  that  both  are  distinctly  perceptible 
in  a  few  of  the  example-,  but  chiefly  in  those 
of  an  earlier  date.  Indeed,  as  I'rof.  Mar- 
goliouth well  points  out,  khan  was  even- 
incentive  to  the  Christian  to  write  as  like 
a  Muslim  as  possible.  The  Christian  secre- 
tary is  a  familiar  figure  in  Arabic  history, 
and  his  post  was  valuable  and  influential  ; 
but  unless  he  could  write  as  good  a  hand  as 
his  Muslim  contemporaries — a  hand  that 
could  not  be  distinguished  from  theirs — he 
would  have  but  a  small  chance  of  appoint- 
ment : — 

"A  Christian  or  other  non-Moslem  secretary 
was  frequently  compelled  to  personate  a  Moslem 
in  his  official  compositions,  and  even  to  exhibit 
familiar  acquaintance  with  the  Coram  Thus  the 
famous  Secretary  of  State  Ibrahim  ibn  Hilal,  who 
was  a  Sabian,  'associated  with  Moslems  on  the 
friendliest  terms,  fasted  with  them  during  Rama- 
dan, and  knew  the  Coran  so  well  by  heart  that  it 
floated  on  the  tip  of  his  tongue  and  the  nib  of  his 
pen.' " 

There  was  nothing  to  induce  Christian 
scribes  to  write  a  different  hand  from  that 
of  their  Muslim  colleagues.  Had  Arabic 
ever  become  the  religious  language  of  any 
Christian  sect  or  sacred  book,  no  doubt  a 
special  script,  an  archaic  style,  would  have 
been  developed  ;  but  it  never  did.  Coptic 
and  Syriac  remained  in  the  old  place  of 
sanctity,  though  most  of  the  people  had 
long  ceased  to  understand  them  ;  and 
Arabic  versions  of  the  Scriptures  did  not 
share  the  sacredness  of  the  originals.  When 
a  Christian  wrote  in  Arabic,  it  was  all  to  his 
advantage  to  write  as  like  a  Muslim  as 
possible.  Just  as,  according  to  Ibn  Khaldun, 
people  copied  the  bad  writing  of  saints  in 
the  hope  of  reaping  spiritual  benefit,  so 
Christian  scribes  would  naturally  copy  the 
best  contemporary  Muslim  hands  for  more 
rational  and  attainable  profits. 

The  fact  that  it  is  extremely  difficult  to 
discriminate    a    Christian    style    of    Arabic 
writing    does    not   in   reality    diminish   the 
value  of  these  facsimiles.     If  they  do  not 
materially  contribute  to  the  decision  of  this 
knotty    point,    they    extend    the    range    of 
existing  materials  for  the  study  of  Arabic 
palaeography.     Prof.   Margoliouth   does  not 
attempt   to   prefix   even   a  brief   sketch   of 
this  science,  but  he  has  put  together  some 
valuable  notes  suggested  by  the  facsimiles, 
especially    on    the    diacritical    points    and 
muhmilahs  (though  we  do  not  know  why  he 
omits  the  point  under  the  s  in  "  Mausul." 
which  is  neither  the  literary  nor  the  popidar 
spelling),    and    gives    a    number    of    useful 
references,  notably  to  that  important,  but 
unfortunately    little-used    Russian    publica- 
tion   the    Zapiski    Vostochnavo    Otdyelcnia, 
which   ought   to   be   translated    into    some 
better-known  tongue.  The  editors'  own  notes 
are  also  interesting,  especially  on  the  odd 
Arabic    word   slq,    which    Archbishop    Por- 
phyrius  Logothetes  of  Mount  Sinai  suggests 
is   corrupted   from   the  expression  ei's  oZWor, 
just    as   Stambul   is   recognized    as   a   con- 
traction  from  ei's    r^v   jroXiv.     The  deriva- 
tion  from    o-nKo?,    "  a  fold,"    proposed    by 
Mrs.    Gibson,   would   seem   more   apposite  ; 
but  Prof.  Burkitt  has  discussed  the  question 
fully  in  his  paper  on  St.  Charitan  read  before 
the     Cambridge     Philological     Society.     A 
curious  note  is  extracted  from  the  researches 
of   that   learned   scholar   Prof.    Karabacek, 
whose  name  appears  thus  on  his  own  title- 
pages,  but  is  embellished  variously  with  a  2 
and    a    c    in    the    transliterations    of    Prof. 
Margoliouth    and    the   editors   respectively. 
Dr.  Karabacek   traces   the  introduction   of 


in    most    ot    the    plates    reproducing    lviso.     Dr.   ivarauaceK.    uara    vuv   uim^uv,.,.^   u*. 
I  "  of  the  fifth  century  a.h.  and  later  "  that  I  paper  to  Western  Asia  to  two  Chinese  paper 


No.  4193,  March  7,  1908 


THE    ATHENAEUM 


289 


makers  who  were  captured  by  the  Arabs 
at  a  battle  in  Transoxiana  (here  spelt 
Transoxonia)  in  751  a.d.,  and  who  estab- 
lished a  paper  factory  at  Samarkand,  which 
was  copied  at  Baghdad  about  790,  under 
Harun  al  Rash  Id.  Consequently  paper  is 
no  bar  to  the  antiquity  of  an  Arabic  MS., 
as  it  would  be  to  a  Greek. 

Wer  isfs  ?  has  reached  a  third  edition 
(Leipsic,  H.  A.  L.  Degener),  and  is  now  a 
bulky  volume,  containing  1,759  pages,  the 
first  185  of  which  are  devoted  to  useful 
statistical  matter.  The  biographies  which 
follow  are  reduced  to  a  small  space  by  an 
ingenious  system  of  abbreviations.  The 
present  issue  is  not  confined  to  eminent 
Germans,  as  the  sub-title,  '  Zeitgenossen- 
lexicon,'  indicates.  We  notice,  for  instance, 
the  names  of  Sarah  Bernhardt,  Prof.  Cheyne, 
M.  Clemenceau,  S.  L.  Clemens,  Sir  George 
Newnes,  Mr.  C.  A.  Pearson,  Lord  Rosebery, 
and  Dr.  Victor  Rosewater,  editor  of  The 
Omaha  Bee  ;  but  Mr.  Roosevelt  appears 
to  have  escaped  inclusion.  Lord  Northcliffe 
figures  as  Sir  A.  C.  Harmsworth.  We  are 
well  satisfied  with  the  thoroughness  of  the 
book,  which  is  a  valuable  work  of  reference, 
especially  full  in  dealing  with  the  books 
of  the  learned  who  abound  in  Germany. 


NOTES    FROM    PARIS. 

Whtle  a  plan  is  "  secretly  "  being  formed 
to  transport  the  Comedie  Francaise  to 
London  for  a  month  this  summer,  an  actor 
of  this  same  "  Maison  de  Moliere  " — M.  Le 
Bargy — is  starting  a  novel  kind  of  cine- 
matograph. Up  to  now  such  representations 
have  been  the  works  of  modest  authors 
still  more  modestly  interpreted.  M.  Le 
Bargy  has  resolved  that  henceforth  the 
drama  also  shall  be  represented,  as  com- 
posed specially  for  this  purpose  by  cele- 
brated writers,  and  acted  by  the  best  artists 
of  Paris.  MINI.  Victorien  Sardou,  Edmond 
Rostand,  Paul  Hervieu,  Maurice  Donnay, 
Jean  Richepin,  and  Alfred  Capus  are 
already  sending  their  manuscripts  to  M. 
Henri  Lavedan,  who  is  assisting  M.  Le  Bargy 
in  this  enterprise.  Mesdames  Sarah  Bern- 
hardt, Rejane,  Bartet,  Granier,  and  Sorel, 
and  MM.  Mounet  Sully,  Coquelin,  and  Guitry, 
have  promised  their  co-operation.  From 
an  artistic  point  of  view  M.  Le  Bargy' s 
enterprise  is  to  be  deplored,  but  as  a 
monetary  speculation  the  results  promise 
to  be  satisfactory. 

The  expenses  of  these  representations 
will  be  considerable.  The  richness  of 
the  decorations,  and  scenery,  will  cer- 
tainly necessitate  a  great  outlay,  which 
will  amount  to  at  least  40,000  francs  ;  but 
the  impresarios  of  An  ?rica  and  elsewhere, 
having  faith  in  the  great  names  of  French 
dramatic  art,  are  offering,  it  is  said,  the 
enormous  sum  of  60,000  francs  for  certain 
rolls  of  films. 

The  actors,  although  they  are  to  play 
only  once  before  the  camera,  are  content 
to  apply  themselves  to  this  task  with  all  the 
care  they  give  to  their  usual  performances. 
To  make  amends  for  this  they  have  been 
promised  a  handsome  sum  for  their  pos- 
turing. 

M.  Capus  is  the  most  eager  of  all.  He 
has  nearly  finished  a  series  of  amusing  pictures 
of  Parisian  life  destined  for  Mile.  Lavalliere 
and  M.  de  Feraudy.  M.  Andre  Rivoiro  is 
preparing  a  roconstitution  of  Sophocles. 
M.  Georges  Rivollet  has  just  suggestod  the 
idea  of  representing  the  reading  of  a  new 
play  to  a  committoo  of  well-known  come- 
dians. M.  Paul  Horvieu  is  working  in 
silence.  M.  Sardou  intonds  to  ronow  his 
dramatic  inspiration  in  tho  domain  of  his- 


tory ;  and  for  the  first  time  M.  Rostand 
will  write  a  dramatic  piece  in  prose,  unless 
he  prefers  to  explain  his  scene  in  verse, 
which  would  be  the  highest  pitch  of 
elegance.  This  ultra-modern  attempt  is  to 
be  the  second  great  event  of  the  theatrical 
season,  when  the  success  of  curiosity 
obtained  by  '  Un  Divorce  '  begins  to  wane. 

It  is  impossible  to  pass  over  in  silence  the 
excitement  in  Paris  on  a  subject  the  interest 
of  which  seemed  exhausted  ;  yet  the  agitated 
representations  at  the  Vaudeville  remind 
one  of  the  heroic  evenings  of  literary  battles 
of  the  past.  A  Parisian  newspaper  has 
opened  a  correspondence  for  and  against 
indissoluble  marriage,  divorce,  or  "  free 
unions "  ;  and  the  editor  lias  had  boxes 
placed  in  the  passages  of  theatres  in  which 
the  audience  may  throw  their  votes  on 
leaving.  The  replies  already  published 
display  extreme  poverty  of  mind,  great 
writers  themselves  having  found  nothing 
original  to  say  on  a  subject  already  much 
discussed.  These  ephemeral  enthusiasms  of 
the  Parisian  mind  are  felt,  even  in  the 
society  best  defended  by  tradition  against 
the  changing  humours  of  the  day.  Thus  the 
frequenters  of  academical  salons  recognize 
with  surprise  that  the  momentary  favour  en- 
joyed by  M.  Henri  de  Regnier's  candidature 
for  the  Academie  Francaise  is  decreasing 
daily,  and  M.  Jean  Richepin  is  the  favourite, 
who  seemed  but  yesterday  the  only  writer 
in  France  destined  never  to  sit  amongst 
the  Forty.  The  literary  mind  has,  it  is 
true,  undergone  an  evolution  since  the 
appearance  of  the  '  Blasphemes,'  and  doubt- 
less, we  now  say,  their  apparent  sincerity 
was  only  a  trick  to  attract  the  attention  of 
readers.  As  for  the  judicial  condemnation 
of  '  La  Chanson  des  Gueux '  and  its  author 
not  longsince,it  seems  to-day  "exaggerated," 
and  we  venture  to  predict  M.  Jean  Richepin' s 
reception  into  the  Academie.  C.  G. 


THE  DERIVATION  OF  "LONDON." 

I  have  received  an  interesting  letter 
from  Dr.  Henry  Bradley,  which  he  lias 
kindly  authorized  me  to  publish.  In  a 
foot-note  on  p.  704  of  '  Ancient  Britain 
and  the  Invasions  of  Julius  Caesar,'  in  which 
I  pointed  out  that  the  often-repeated  deriva- 
tion of  London  from  two  (modern)  Welsh 
words,  llyn  (lake)  and  din  (fort),  is  erroneous, 
I  remarked  that,  according  to  Dr.  Bradley, 
"  the  only  explanation  which  is  philologically 
possible  is  that  it  [Londinion]  denoted  a 
plot  of  ground  belonging  to  a  person  named 
Londinos,  which  means  '  fierce.' "  This  deri- 
vation, accompanied  by  a  reference  to 
londos,  "  fierce,"  is  given  in  A.  Holder's  '  Alt- 
celtischer  Sprachschatz,'  vol.  ii.  col.  282. 
My  quotation  was  taken  from  a  condensed 
report  of  a  lecture  delivered  by  Dr.  Bradley 
in  January,  1907,  and  does  not  quite  cor- 
rectly represent  what  ho  said.  "  I  statod," 
he  writes, 

"  the  point,  familiar  to  all  Celtic  philologists  since 
Zeuss,  but  oddly  enough  quite  unknown  to  all  the 
popular  writers,  that  Londinion  cannot  possibly  bo 
a  compound  ;  i.e.,  it  contains  one  root  and  not 
two.  I  added  that  of  the  etymologies  hitherto 
propounded  the  only  ono  that  was  not  condemned 
by  this  elementary  fact  was  that  which  regards  it 
as  a  possessive  (neuter  adjective)  derivative  from  a 
hypothetical  personal  name  Londinos  (the  quantity 
of  the  i  is  uncertain,  as  the  •affixes  -ino-  and  Ino- 
both  existed),  which  would  be  regularly  formed 
from  londo*,  'fierce.'  I  was  careful  to  say  that  I 
did  not  regard  this  derivation  aa  certain  ;  with  our 

imperfect  knowledge  of  old  Celtic   we  are  ool 

entitled  to  say  that  lond  had  DO  Other  meaning. 
But  names  of  places  formed  in  this  way  from 
names  of  the  men  \s  ho  owned  I  lie  SJX>1  round  vrhioh 
a  town  grew  up  are  common  in   Britain  and  UaoL 


The  two  things  that  are  certain  are  (1)  that  the 
name  does  not  contain  dilnon,  '  fort ' ;  and  (2)  that 
it  is  not  a  derivative  of  the  word  (lindu  or  lindon)' 
which  became  llyn  in  Welsh,  nor  of  longd,  '  ship.' 
'  Lake-fort '  would  have  been  Lindodnnon  ;  '  Ship- 
fort'  would  have  been  Longodunon.  We  must- 
start  from  lond-  in  some  sense  or  other.  I  do  not 
suppose  that  it  will  be  possible  to  prevent  people 
from  reproducing  the  old  fallacies.  The  notions 
that  modern  Welsh  was  spoken  in  the  first  century, 
and  that  the  Romans  stuck  syllables  into  British 
names  to  make  them  euphonious,  seem  ineradicable. 
As  a  matter  of  fact,  tho  Roman  transcriptions  of 
British  names  are,  when  we  can  control  them, 
extraordinarily  accurate,  except  in  the  case  of 
places  mentioned  only  once ;  and  even  there  we 
have  to  reckon  with  the  possibility  of  corrupt 
reading." 

T.  Rice  Holmes. 


'A    SCOTS    EARL    IN    COVENANTING 
TIMES.' 

In  the  review  of  this  book  (Athenozum,, 
February  22nd)  I  observe  that  I  have  not 
cited  my  authority  for  the  Maclean  version 
of  the  debts  of  the  clan  to  the  Earl  of 
Argyll.  It  is  the  only  '  History  of  the  Clan 
Maclean '  accessible  to  me,  by  Mr.  J.  P. 
Maclean  (Cincinnati,  U.S.A.).  Mr.  Maclean 
gives  a  long  account  of  the  rise  and  pro- 
gress of  the  debt,  with  pathetic  details  ; 
but  I  found  no  reference  to  authorities. 
A  long  document  is  printed  as  the  official 
case  presented  by  the  Macleans,  to  tho 
Scottish  Privy  Council  in  July,  1676 — 
a  month  mainly  occupied  by  the  Council r 
according  to  Fountainhall,  with  this  case. 
Mr.  Maclean  does  not  cite  the  provenance 
of  the  document  (in  which  a  date  is  mis- 
printed), but  says  in  his  Preface  that  he- 
has  had  access  to  various  Maclean  charter- 
chests.  The  MS.  Register  of  the  Privy 
Council,  and  the  Warrants,  contain  very 
little  on  the  subject  in  July,  1676  ;  and  not 
much  light  is  thrown  on  it  by  either  the 
published  or  unpublished  letters  (in  the 
British  Museum)  of  the  Earl  of  Argyll  to 
the  Duke  of  Lauderdale. 

In  the  third  line  from  the  end  of  the  first 
paragraph  of  the  third  column  of  the  review,. 
"  in  the  account  of  the  Earl's  flight."  for 
"  in  "  read  or.  The  Reviewer. 

P.S. — Having  obtained  a  copy  of  "  An 
Historical  and  Genealogical  Account  of  Clan 
Maclean,  by  a  Seneachie"  (Smith  &  Elder, 
London,  1838),  I  find  that  Mr.  J.  P.  Maclean 
has  taken  the  document  of  July,  1676,  from, 
this  book — at  least  he  has  the  same  mis- 
printed date,  1667  for  1651.  The  Seneachie 
gives  no  source  for  the  paper. 


A    REFERENCE    IN     CHRESTIEN    DE 
TROYES    TO    THE    DENE-HOLES. 

Most  of  the  evidence  hitherto  adduced 
from  literature  in  the  vexed  controversy 
upon  tho  origin  and  purpose  of  tho  dene- 
holea  has  been  of  an  extremely  doubtful 
character.  Pliny  described  some  kind  of 
pit  used  by  the  ancient  Britons  for  getting 
chalk,  which  they  required  for  agriculture  ; 
but  his  account  does  not  tally  conclusively 
with  tho  normal  type  of  dene-holo,  which  is 
a  shaft  driven  through  the  Thanot  sand  to 
the  chalk,  tho  chalk  itself  being  hollowod 
out  into  alcoves  (usually  six),  and  not 
branching  out,  as  he  puts  it.  into  galleries 
like  a   mine — nt    in   mctallis   sjuitinntr    vena. 

The  supposed  references  in  Tacitus  and  other 

classical    Writers    can    ho    quol    d    with    still 

loss  pertinence  :    indeed,  no  reference  has 

liithorto  boon   turned   up  of  an  unequivocal 
kind   oarlior    than    the    Rngliah    antiquarios 


•><)<> 


Til  E     ATIIEN^UM 


No.  4183,  March  7,  1008 


C.imd.Mi  and  L.imlmnlc*  This  pivos  peculiar 

intend  to  ■  paaeage  I  have  just  discovered 
(11.  29  62]  in  tli"  '  Peroeval,  <>u  Ocmte  del 
dual,'  of  Chreetien  d<«  Troyee,  which  sooms 
to  roft«r  indubitably  t«>  these  ancient  ex- 
cavations »">'  their  oeea  in  tho  ago  vaguely 
call.nl  Arthurian. 

It  should  ho  promisod  that  two  theories 
held  the  hold  at  present,  out  of  nearly  a  score 
that  have  been  put  forward  by  different 
aroheologiBtfl  to  explain  these  curious  pits, 
which  aro  very  plentiful  near  Bexley  and 
Grays,  and  other  places  bordering  on  the 
Thames  in  Kent  and  Essex.  The  one  sup- 
ported by  the  dubious  extract  from  Pliny 
contends  that  thoy  were  simply  chalk  mines, 
tho  chalk  being  wanted  for  manure  or  for 
building  purposes.  The  other,  which  sup- 
posos  that  they  were  made  for  the  purpose 
of  granaries  or  storehouses,  is  corroborated 
by  such  structural  features  as  the  six 
separate  chambers  usually  contained  in  each, 
and  by  the  fact  that  even  when  large  numbers 
occur  in  a  small  area  they  never  connect 
with  one  another,  immense  care  being  taken 
to  koep  every  hole  private  and  distinct. 

The  poem  describes  how  the  land  of 
Logres  (Britain)  became  desolate  and  waste, 
and  the  road  to  the  palace  of  the  Rich 
Fisher  was  lost,  because  of  an  outrage 
committed  by  King  Amagons  upon  the 
damsels  of  the  puis  or  wells,  who  used  to 
stand  at  these  places  and  offer  food  and 
drink  to  the  knights  and  other  wayfarers 
journeying  through  the  forests.  No  one 
who  passed  through  the  woods,  whether  at 
morn  or  eve,  had  need  to  go  further  out  of 
his  way  than  to  one  of  these  pits  or  wells. 
There,  whatsoever  he  wanted,  he  was  able 
to  get  ;  for  a  damsel  would  issue  forth,  with 
a  golden  cup,  and  set  before  him  all  sorts 
of  viands,  another  attending  upon  him  with 
towel  and  bowl  ;  and  if  he  did  not  care  for  the 
fare  they  brought,  several  others  would  bring 
whatever  he  liked,  serving  him  plentifully 
and  with  great  joy.  The  damsels  waited 
on  all  who  wandered  along  the  highways 
and  came  to  the  puis  for  refreshment,  and 
they  entertained  them  with  pleasure  and 
alacrity. 

But  it  came  to  pass  that  a  villainous  king 
and  his  vassals  ravished  the  damsels  of  the 
puis,  and  carried  off  their  golden  cups,  so 
that  all  the  puis  were  deserted,  and  the 
country  declined,  trees,  meadows,  and 
flowers  withering  away.  The  legend  was 
told  to  Arthur  and  his  kinghts,  who  under- 
took to  avenge  the  crime  upon  the  lineage 
of  Amagons  (or  Magons),  and  to  reinstate 
the  descendants  of  the  damsels.  This  is  the 
starting-point  for  the  recital  of  the  Graal 
quest  in  the  Mons  MS.  published  by  Potvin, 
1 866-8,  the  only  printed  edition  of  Chrestien's 
poem. 

Now  the  word  puis  or  puys  has  mystified 
redactors  and  commentators  from  the 
sixteenth  century  downwards.  Miss  Weston, 
in  '  The  Legend  of  Perceval,'  translates  it 
"  wells,"  and  calls  the  damsels  "  the  maidens 
of  the  wells."  A  prose  version  of  the  poem 
was  printed  in  black-letter  at  Paris  in  1530, 
and  there  the  word  used  is  caves  ;  but  the 
paraphraser  does  not  think  the  meaning 
clear,  and  explains  :  "  Ces  pucelles  se  tenoient 
en  caves  que  l'ancienne  hystoire  appelle 
autrement  puys,  qui  estoient  en  celle  forestz 
entailles  par  ouvraige  merveilleux."  He 
adds  that  the  damsels  seem  "  mieulx  chose 
de  fairie  qualtre  riens."  I  submit  that  we 
have  here  a  clear  allusion  to  our  English 
dene-holes.  Some  sort  of  cave  or  excavation 
in^the  woods  is  obviously  referred  to,  and 

"  There  are,  however,  references  in  published  documents, 
e.tf.,  the  words  denepitte  in  a  grant  of  land,  near  Newbury, 
dated  958  (see  Birch,  'Cart,  Sax.,'  iii.  pp.  221-2).  This 
lias  been  pointed  out  to  me  bv  Mr.  W.  O.  Chambers,  who  is 
compiling  a  bibliography  of  dene-hole  literature,  which  is 
surprisingly  voluminous. 


tho  shape  is  indicated  by  tho  word  puis, 
from  the  Latin  puteum,  which  implies  somo- 
thing  in  tho  nature  of  a  shaft  giving  access 
to  the  cavity.  In  short,  if  it  is  not  a  dene- 
hole,  it  is  something  exactly  liko  it  under 
another  name.  Considering  tho  fidolity 
with  which  Chrastien  and  his  continuators 
were  wont  to  reproduce  the  details  of  ancient 
tales  and  logends,  even  when  they  did  not 
altogether  understand  the  drift  of  what 
they  were  repeating,  we  may  be  certain 
that  an  old  tradition  is  horo  preserved 
recording  the  use  of  our  denoholes, 
or  of  something  singularly  liko  them, 
as  8torohouses  and  places  of  entertainment 
during,  or  just  before,  the  early  Middlo  Ages. 
That  the  puis  or  caves  had  actual  existence, 
and  were  no  invention  of  poet  or  romancer, 
is  obvious  to  any  one  reading  the  passage 
who  is  familiar  with  the  methods  of  twelf  th- 
and  thirteenth-century  romancers. 

The  passage  quoted  occurs  in  what  the 
1530  version  of  the  '  Conte  del  Graal'  calls 
the  '  Elucidation  de  Mystoire  du  Graal,'  a 
prologue  found  only,  in  its  poetical  form, 
in  the  Mons  MS.  of  Perceval's  poem.  The 
'  Elucidation '  was  not  written  by  Chrestien 
himself,  but  was  prefixed  by  some  person 
unknown,  who,  in  the  view  of  Miss  Weston, 
did  not  invent  the  addition,  but  incorporated 
a  popular  folk-tale.  Chrestien's  portion  of 
the  '  Conte  del  Graal '  may  be  dated  about 
1175;  the  'Elucidation,'  written  later,  if 
it  really  embodies  an  old  folk-tale,  carries 
us  much  further  back.  The  tradition  pro- 
bably came  down  right  from  the  Arthurian 
epoch  ;  and  since  the  crime  against  the 
maidens  of  the  puis  was  antecedent  by  a  con- 
siderable period  to  the  vengeance  inflicted 
by  Arthur,  we  must  picture  the  dene-holes, 
if  it  be  the  dene-holes,  as  in  existence  at  a 
very  remote  era,  and  reputed  to  have  been 
storehouses  and  places  of  refreshment  in 
Romano-British  times.  This  is  exactly 
what  those  who  contend  for  the  storage 
theory  would  expect.  The  existence  of  the 
dene-holes  at  that  period  has  already  been 
amply  proved  ;  and,  if  now  it  appears  that 
at  such  an  early  date  they  were  used  for 
purposes  of  storage,  there  is  excellent  ground 
for  concluding  that  such  was  the  object  for 
which  they  were  originally  made.  That 
this  interesting  piece  of  evidence  has  not  been 
noticed  before,  and  that  no  one  has  suggested 
any  explanation  of  the  passage  in  Chrestien, 
is  not  extraordinary,  if  we  remember  how 
few  students  of  the  Arthurian  legends  are 
likely  to  have  been  down  a  dene-hole.  But 
one  cannot  help  thinking  that  many  similar 
antiquarian  puzzles  might  be  elucidated  by 
similar  research  among  the  legendary  lite- 
rature of  the  Middle  Ages. 

Ernest  A.  Baker. 


CHAUCER    A    NORFOLK    MAN. 

Having  regard  to  the  facts  that  the  poet 
and  very  many  of  his  relations  (including 
his  father  and  grandfather)  were  intimately 
connected  with  the  wine  trade  and  with 
the  collection  of  wine  and  other  custom- 
house duties,  and  that  the  ports  of  London 
and  of  Lynn  (then  a  great  wine  port)  were 
then  equally  closely  connected  in  business 
(at  least  two  Lynn  men  being  Mayors  of 
London  in  Chaucer's  time,  and  both  ports 
being  factories  of  the  Hanseatic  League), 
I  have  long  thought  that  the  old  statement 
by  Ben  Adam  (whoever  he  was)  that  Chaucer 
was  born  at  Lynn  might  be  correct  after  all. 

For  some  years  I  have  put  forward  what 
I  thought  good  presumptive  evidence  of 
this,  e.g.,  Chaucer's  reference  to  a  very  ob- 
scure Norfolk  village  callod  Baldeswell  ; 
to  Friar  Nicholas  of  Lynn,  who  wrote  (as 
Chaucer  did  himself)  a  treatise  on  the  astro- 


labe ;  to  the  Holy  Cross  that  St.  Helen 
found  (which  was  tho  name  of  a  Lynn  guild 
in  Chaucer's  time)  ;  to  the  Shiftman's  tale 
(a  Shipman's  guild  was  also  then  at  Lynn)  ; 
to  the  Holy  Cross  of  Bromholm  (Bacton 
in  Norfolk)  ;  and  to  the  alleged  cliild-murder 
by  Jews  (Lynn  being  the  place  of  special 
Jewish  persecution) — all  of  which  seemed 
to  show  a  close  knowledge  of  Norfolk  which 
would  bo  difficult  to  explain  in  a  Londoner 
of  the  same  period. 

Now,  at  last,  I  am  in  a  position  to  put 
forward  something  more  definite,  for  I  have 
just  found  among  the  Lynn  records,  in  an 
undated  Bede  Roll  of  the  Trinity  Guild  of 
Lynn  (G.  d.  44),  the  names  of  John  Chaucer 
and  his  servant  Dreu. 

Geoffrey  Drewe  was  collector  of  the  port 
of  Lynn  1344  to  1352,  and  Peter  Drewe 
was  Troner  of  the  same  port  in  1349,  which 
facts  go  far  to  identify  this  John  Chaucer 
with  the  customs  service  of  Lynn  and  with 
John  Chaucer,  the  poet's  father,  who  was 
Deputy  Butler  for  John  de  Wesenham 
(another  Lynn  man)  for  Southampton  in 
1347  (Kern,  p.  84),  and  who  may  have  been 
deputy  for  Lynn  before  that  ^iate.  * 

John  Chaucer  is  said  by  Mr.  Kern  (p.  57) 
to  have  been  born  in  1313,  but  as  he  was 
of  full  age  in  1330  (p.  53)  he  must  have  been 
born  before  1309,  which  makes  the  tradi- 
tional old  date  of  the  poet's  birth  (1328) 
possible. 

It  is  unlucky  that  the  Bede  Roll  (which 
begins  with  names  as  early  as  Richard  I.) 
is  undated  (except  in  a  recent  hand  "  Ed.  I.") 
but  I  hope  to  transcribe  it,  and  by  the  known 
dates  of  other  men  named  on  it  to  fix  John 
Chaucer's  date  more  or  less  correctly. 

Other  corroborations  from  the  Lynn 
records  are  : — 

1.  Chaucer's  aunt  Isabella  Malyn  married 
Thomas  de  Blakeney  before  1332,  when 
they  sold  a  house  in  Ipswich.  I  find  Tho. 
de  Blakeney  a  resident  at  Lynn  in  1328-9 
(Chamberlain's  Accounts,  E.  c.  7d  and  Lete 
Roll  C.  A.  3). 

2.  Henry  Scogan  the  poet,  friend  and 
disciple  of  Chaucer,  was  son  of  a  John  Scogan. 

I  find  John  Skoggon  at  Lynn  in  1340 
(Chamberlain's  Accounts,  E.  a.  8). 

3.  The  poet's  wife  was  Philippa  Roet  al's 
Picard.  Sir  Henry  Picard  had  a  protection 
the  same  day  as  John  Chaucer  had  one  in 
1338  (Kern,  p.  83),  and  was  King's  Butler 
at  Lynn  in  1350. 

4.  His  grandfather  Robert  Chaucer  (who 
was  dead  by  1316)  was  also  called  de  Gun- 
thorpe. This  village  is  not  far  from  Bawdes- 
well,  and  it  is  significant  that  at  the  time 
of  Chaucer's  youth  (1349^  Jolm  de  Bawdes- 
well  was  rector  of  Gunthorpe.  Moreover, 
I  find  the  names  of  several  Gunthorpes  on 
the  Lynn  Rolls. 

5.  John  de  Stody,  afterwards  Sheriff  and 
Mayor  of  London,  and  erstwhile  a  taverner 
at  Lynn  f  Pat,  Cal.,  1331,'  p.  116).  His 
name  is  taken  from  that  of  the  next  village 
to  Gunthorpe,  and  occurs  no  fewer  than 
eight  times  in  connexion  with  the  poet's 
father  John,  viz.  : — 

I.  In  1342  he  and  John  Chaucer  were 
together  present  at  a  meeting  as  to  sale  of 
wines  in  London. 

II.  In  1344  he  and  Jolin  Chaucer,  Walter 
Turk  (a  searcher  at  Lynn  Custom-House  in 

*  A  Robert  de  London  was  custodian  Of  the  new  cus- 
toms at  Lvnn  in  1307  (see  Lvnn  Customs  Rolls,  Pub.  Rec 
Off.,  W.N.  No.  1889).  Could  he  have  been  the  Robert 
Chaucer  of  London,  the  poet's  grandfather,  and  father  of 
John? 

In  a  roll  dated  14  Ed.  II..  1321  (Exeh.  Accounts  K.P. 
WIS,  in.  7),  the  name  of  Robert  de  Lenne  occurs  as  not 
appearing  in  the  Ward  of  Bradstrete,  London,  and  Richard 
le  Chancer  was  his  surety;  but  he  cannot  be  the  Robert 
Chaucer  the  grandfather,  who  was  dead  by  1315,  unless  I 
have  misunderstood  the  entry  kindly  given  me  by  Mr.  Red- 
stone. 

It  would  not  be  unlikely  that  a  man  having  a  dual  address 
in  London  and  Lynn  should  be  known  as  de  Lynn  and  de 
London. 


No.  4193,  March  7,  1908 


THE    ATHENAEUM 


291 


1349),  and  others,  were  witnesses  to  a  Sussex 
charter  ('  Close  Cal.,'  p.  44). 

III.  In  1347  he  was  appointed  Deputy 
Butler  for  London  the  same  day  as  John 
Chausere  was  appointed  Deputy  Butler  for 
Southampton  ('  Pat.  Cal.,'  p.  253). 

IV.  In  the  same  year  he,  John  Chaucer, 
and  others  were  appointed  to  arrest  certain 
persons  ('  Pat.  Cal.,'  p.  393). 

V.  In  1352  he  and  others  were  partners 
in  a  venture  as  to  wool,  some  of  which  was 
laden,  coketed,  and  customed  by  Nichs. 
Chaucer  ('  Close,'  pp.  440-41). 

VI.  In  the  same  year  he  had  a  grant  of 
land  in  Hokkale,  Essex,  from  Edmund,  son 
and  heir  of  Hamo  de  Sutton,  and  it  was 
witnessed  by  John  Chaucer. 

VII.  In  1363  he  levied  a  fine,  with  John 
Chaucer  and  Agnes  his  wife  (the  poet's 
father  and  mother),  of  land  in  Stepney  and 
in  St.  Mary  Matfelon  without  Aldgate 
(Kern,  p.  95). 

VIII.  In  1365  he  levied  another  fine  of 
other  property  in  the  latter  place  with  John 
and  Agnes  Chaucer  (id.,  p.   96). 

6.  In  1369  Chaucer,  as  one  of  the  royal 
household,  had,  as  well  as  Wm.  de  Gun- 
thorpe,  probably  a  kinsman,  a  grant  of  cloth 
('  Life  Records,'  p.  173)  at  the  same  time 
as  Walter  de  Whitehorse,  who  had  been 
Troner  of  the  port  of  Lynn  1344-51. 

7.  John  de  Wesenham,  the  King's  Butler, 
who  appointed  John  Chaucer  his  deputy 
in  1347  (Kern,  p.  84),  was  a  Lynn  man  by 
birth,  and  this  name  occurs  frequently 
among  the  Lynn  records  ('  Red  Book,'  p.  63, 
&c). 

8.  Henry  de  Say,  the  King's  Butler  in 
1308,  who  had  appointed  Robt.  Chaucer 
his  attorney,  &c,  1320-21,  and  had  appointed 
him  again  under  the  name  of  Rob  :  de  Gun- 
thorpe  (Letter-Book  1320-21),  was  appa- 
rent^ also  from  Lynn,  for  we  find  his  name 
there  in  1310  and  1334  (Lete  1310,  and 
Chamberlain's  Accounts,  E.  a.  3). 

9.  Raymund  Seguyn,  who  was  the  King's 
Butler  from  Lynn  1339-46,  appointed  the 
poet's  stepfather,  Rich,  le  Chaucer,  his 
deputy  from  London  in  1341  and  1342 
(Kern,  p.  72). 

These  facts  seem  to  me  very  greatly  to 
strengthen  the  probability  that  the  poet 
was  born  at  Lynn  during  the  temporary 
occupancy  of  some  custom-house  berth  there 
by  his  father.  Further  search  of  the  Lynn 
records  will,  I  hope,  enable  me  to  produce 
more  evidence.  Walter  Rye. 


LIST  OF  NEW  BOOKS. 

ENGLISH. 

Theology. 

Fdnelon  (Archbishop),  The  Maxims  of  the  Saints,  1/  net. 
In  Heart  and  Life  Booklets. 

Linklater  (Dr.  R.),  The  Making  of  the  Body  of  Christ,  2/ 

Macfarland  (O.  S.),  The  Infinite  Affection,  2/6  net. 

Stanley  (A.  1'.),  Lectures  on  the  History  of  the  Eastern 
Church,  2/6  net.     Popular  Edition. 

Sunday  Schools  the  World  Around,  2/6  net.  The  official 
report  of  the  World's  Fifth  Sunday-School  Convention, 
in  I!ome,  May  18-23,  1907.     Edited  by  Philip  E.  Howard. 

Trumbull  (C.  (;.),  Taking  Men  Alive,  2/6.  Studies  in  the 
principles  and  practice  of  conversion. 

Wright  (C.  IL),  The  Unrecognized  Christ,  and  other 
Sermons,  2/6  net. 

Law. 

( Haifa  (S.  W.),  The  Law  of  Small  Holdings  in  England  and 
Wales,  .')/  net. 

Journal  of  the  Society  of  Comparative  Legislation,  Decem- 
ber, i(K>7,  6/ net 

Piggott  (Sir  ]■'.),  Exterritoriality:  the  Law  relating  to 
Consular  Jurisdiction  and  to  Residence  in  Oriental 
Countries.    New  Edition, 

Fine  Art  and  Archceology. 

Antiquary  for  1907,  7/6 

Billing!  (R.  W.),  Ihe  Baronial  and  Ecclesiastical  Anti- 
quities of  Scotland,  part  I.,  1/  net.  Edited  by  A.  W. 
Wiston-Glynn  in  an  Edition  de  Luxe. 

Deane  (E.),  Byways  of  Collecting,  7/6  net.  With  73  illus- 
trations. 

1  airbankl  (A.),  Athenian  Lckythoi  with  Outline  Drawing 
in  Glaze  Varnish  on  a  White  Cround.  One  of  the 
University  of  Michigan  Studies. 

Farrer(Kev.  E.).  Portraits  in  Suffolk  Houses  (West),  2.r>/ 

I  ((.'.  w.  F),  Crosby  Hall :  a  Chapter  in  the  History  of 
London,  5/  net.     With  36  illustrations. 


Home   (H.    P.),    Alessandro    Filipepi,    commonly   called 

Sandro  Botticelli,  Painter  of  Florence,  210/  net. 
Kidson  (H.  E.),  About  Old  China,  2/6  net.  Contains  some 
account  of  the  origin  and  manufacture  of  pottery  and 
porcelain  throughout  Europe,  with  descriptions  of 
various  marks,  and  hints  to  collectors. 
Lathrop  (E.),  Sunny  Days  in  Italy,  10/6  net.  Illustrated 
from  photographs. 

Poetry  and  Drama. 
Albright  (V.  E.),  A  Typical  Shaksperian  Stage  ;  the  Outer- 
Inner  Stage.     The  third   chapter  of  "a  study  of  the 
Shakspearean  stage. 
Cargill  (A.),  The  Flower  of  the  Hebrides.    A  lyric  opera  in 

three  acts. 
Conolly  (late  E.),  Nugm  Latinse.    Verses  and  Translations, 

2/  net.     Edited  by  the  Rev.  T.  L.  Papillon. 
Cresswell  (T.),  Voices  of  the  Soul,  2/6.    A  second  series  of 
strav  thoughts  in  verse. 

Frazer  (Eppie),  The  Clodhopper :  Book  IV.  Edith,  4/.  To  be 
completed  in  Five  Books. 

Shakespeare — Lamb  Shakespeare  for  the  Young.  As  You 
Like  It,  illustrated  by  L.  E.  Wright ;  A  Midsummer 
Night's  Dream,  illustrated  by  H.  Stratton ;  The 
Tempest,  illustrated  by  H.  Stratton,  1/6  net  each. 

Shakespeare— The  Old  Spelling  Shakespeare.  The  Comedie 
of  Errors,  edited  by  W.  G.  Boswell-Stone ;  Loues 
Labors  Lost,  edited  by  F.  J.  Furnivall ;  A  Midsommer 
Night's  Dreame,  edited  by  the  same ;  The  Taming  of 
the  Shrew,  edited  by  W.  G.  Boswell-Stone  ;  Twelfe 
Night ;  or,  What  You  Will,  edited  by  the  same :  The 
Two  Gentlemen  of  Verona,  edited  by  the  same,  2/6  net 
each. 

Shakespeare  Classics.  Brooke's  Romeus  and  Juliet,  being 
the  Original  of  Shakespeare's  Romeo  and  Juliet,  edited 
by  J.  J.  Munro ;  Greene's  Pandosto  ;  or,  Dorastus  and 
Fawnia,  being  the  Original  of  Shakespeare's  Winter's 
Tale,  edited  by  P.  G.  Thomas,  2/6  net  each. 

Shakespeare  Library.  Robert  Laneham's  Letter  describing 
a  Part  of  the  Entertainment  unto  Queen  Elizabeth  at 
the  Castle  of  Kenilworth  in  1575,  edited  with  In- 
troduction by  F.  J.  Furnivall,  5/  net ;  Shakespeare's 
Holinshed :  the  Chronicle  and  the  Historical  Plays 
compared  by  W.  G.  Boswell-Stone,  10/6  net ;  The 
Rogues  and  Vagabonds  of  Shakespeare's  Youth : 
Awdeley's  '  Fraternitye  of  Vacabondes '  and  Harman's 
'  Caveat,'  edited  by  E.  Viles  and  F.  J.  Furnivall,  5/  net. 

Trench  (H.),  Deirdre  Wedded,  6/.  Contains  also  '  Song  for 
the  Funeral  of  a  Boy,'  '  Shakespeare,'  '  A  Charge,' and 
other  poems. 

Wilcox  (E.  Wheeler),  Three  Women,  1/  net.  Popular 
Edition. 

Bibliography. 

Bibliophile,  No.  1,  March.  6rf.  net.  A  magazine  and  review 
for  the  collector,  student,  and  general  reader. 

Catalogue  of  the  Library  of  the  Royal  Statistical  Society. 

Classified  Catalogue  of  Works  published  by  Longmans, 
Green  &  Co. 

Credland  (W.  R.),  Handbook,  Historical  and  Descriptive,  of 
Manchester  Free  Public  Libraries.     Second  Edition. 

Philosophy. 
Schiller  (F.  C.  S.),  Plato  or  Protagoras?  1/net.    A  critical 

examination  of  the  Protagoras  Speech  in  the  '  Thesete- 

tus,'  with  some  remarks  upon  error. 
Sharpe  (A.  B.)  and  Aveling  (F.),  The  Spectrum  of  Truth, 

1/  net. 
Williams  (M.   V.),   Six  Essays  on  the  Platonic  Theory  of 

Knowledge  as  expounded  in  the  Later  Dialogues  and 

reviewed  by  Aristotle,  3/  net. 

Political  Economy. 
Davenport  (H.  J.),  Value  and  Distribution,  3  dols.  50.    A 

critical  and  constructive  study. 
Devine  (H.  C),  People's  Co-operative  Banks  for  Workers  in 

Towns,  and  Small  Holders,  Allotment  Cultivators,  and 

Others  in  Country  Districts,  1/  net.     A  popular  exposi- 
tion of  the  Co-operative  Banks  movement. 
Eltzbacber  (Dr.   P.),   Anarchism,   G/6  net.     Translated   by 

S.  T.  Byington. 
Kennedy  (Bart),  The  Hunger  Line,  1/  net. 
Socialist  Review,   No.    I.,    March,  ad.    net.      A    monthly 

review  of  modern  thought. 
Urwick  (E.  J.),  Luxury  and  Waste  of  Life,  4/6  net. 
Villiers  (Brougham),  The  Socialist  Movement  in  England, 

10/6  net. 
Wells  (H.  G.),  New  Worlds  for  Old,  6/.    A  summary  of  the 

Socialist  position. 

History  and  Biography. 
Biography  Books :    Charles    Dickens,    by    Owen    Ellison  ; 

Mary,  Queen  of  Scots,  by  Helen  Williams  ;  Napoleon, 

edited  by  Owen  Ellison,  1/ each. 
Boggis  (Rev.    R.   J.    E.),    A    History    of    St.    Augustine's 

College,  Canterbury. 
Boston  (T.),  Minister  at  Simprin,  1699-1707,  and  at  Ettrick, 

1707-1732.     A   General   Account  of  my   Life,    7/6    net. 

With   Introduction,   notes,   and  Bibliography   by    Hie 

Rev.  O.  7).  Low. 
Castelein  (A.),  The  Congo  State  ;  its  Origin,  Rights,  and 

Duties  :  the  Charges  of  its  Accusers,  3/  net.      With  a 

prefatory  letter  by  Mr.  Ch.  Woeste. 
Cromer  (Karl  of),  Modern  Egypt,  2  vols.,  24/  net. 
Hirth  (F),  The  Ancient  History  of  China  to  the  End  of  the 

Chdu  Dynasty,  2  dols.  50  net. 
Mackinnon  "(J.),    A  History  of  Modern   Liberty;  Vol.   III. 

The  Struggle  with  the  Stuarts,  1603-47,  15/  net.     For 

review  of  Vols.  I.  and  II.  see  At  hen..  May  6,  1906,  p.  .r>.'<8. 
Mortimer  (Mrs.),  The  Peep  of  Day,  and  a  Life  of  the  Ant  hoi 

by  her  Niece,  Mrs.  Meyer,  3/6 
Stephens  (H.    Morse),  Portugal,  5/.     With  5  Dew  portraits 

and  .-in  additional  chapter  by  Major  Martin  Home. 

New  Edition.    In  the  8tory  of  the  Nations  Series,    lor 

former  notice  see  A  then.,  Sept.  5,  1891,  p.  880. 
Torments    of     Protestant    Slaves    in    the    French    King's 

Galleys,  and  in  the  Dungeons  of  Marseilles,  1086-1707, 

6/ net.     Edited  by  Prof.    K.   Arber,  with  some   illustra- 
tive texts. 
Vinogradoff  (P.),  English  Society  in   the  Eleventh  Century, 

10/  net.     Essays  in  English  medieval  history. 

Geography  and  Travel. 
Cave(H.  W.),  The  Book  of  Ceylon,  12/  net.     A  guide  to  its 
railway  system,  and  an  account  of  its  varied  attmc. 


tions  for  the    visitor  and  tourist.      Illustrated    from 
photographs  by  the  author. 
India  :  North- Western  Trans-Frontier,  1/6 

Sports  and  Pastimes. 
Guide  to  the  Foxhounds  and  Staghounds  of  England,  to 
which  are  added  the  Otter-Hounds  and  Harriers  of 
Several  Counties,  by  Gelert,  3/6 
Holding  (T.  H.),  The  Camper's  Handbook,  5/  net.     Special 
contributions  by  Lady  Arthur  Grosvenor  and  others. 
School-Books. 
Kings  I.  and  II.  in  the  Revised  Version,  3/6  net.     With 
Introduction  and  notes  by  W.  Emery  Barnes.    In  the 
Cambridge  Bible  for  Schools. 
Kirkman  (F.  B.),  Garnier  (Ch.  M.),  and  Leech  (W.  H.  B.)T 
La  deuxieme  Annee  de  Francais,  2/6.    A  sequel  to  '  La 
premiere  Annee.' 
More's  Utopia,  2/6.      Translated    by    R.    Robinson,    with 

Introduction  and  notes  by  H.  B.  Cotterill. 
Stephenson   (J.    H.    N.),    The   Elements   of   Geography '. 
Part  I.  General  Geography,  3/6. 
Science. 
Bromwich  (T.  J.  I'A.),  An  Introduction  to  the  Theory  of 

Infinite  Series,  15/  net. 
Ellershaw  (Capt.  W.),  Optics  of  the  Telescope,  2/ net.    A 

short  elementary  Lecture. 
Jeans  (J.  H.),  The  Mathematical  Theory  of  Electricity  and 

Magnetism,  15/  net. 
Jones  (J.  A.),  A  Short  Practice  of  Aural  Surgery,  5/ net. 

For  the  use  of  students  and  practitioners. 
Kleinhans  (F.  B.),  Boiler  Construction,  12/6  net. 
Knuth  (Dr.  P.),  Handbook  of  Flower  Pollination  :  Vol.  II. 
Observations  on  Flower  Pollination  made  in   Europe 
and  the  Arctic  Regions  on  Species  belonging  to  the 
Natural  Orders  Ranunculacea*  to  Stylidieaa,  31/6  net. 
Based  upon  Hermann  Midler's  work  'The  Fertilization 
of  Flowers  by  Insects,'  and  translated  by  J.  R.  Ains- 
worth  Davis.     For  review  of  Vol.  I.  see  Athen.  Sept.  15, 
1906,  p.  305. 
Mining  Year-Book,  1908,  15/  net. 
Neilson    (R.    M.),    The   Steam   Turbine,    15/  net.     With 

numerous  illustrations.     Fourth  Edition. 
Nisbet's  Medical  Directory,  1908,  7/6.     Part  I.  Directory  of 

Medical  Practitioners  ;  Part  II.  The  Local  Directory. 
Paulin  (G.),  No  Struggle  for  Existence  :  No  Natural  Selec- 
tion, 5/  net.  A  critical  examination  of  the  fundamental 
principles  of  the  Darwinian  theory. 
Proceedings  of  the  United  States  National  Museum  :  Two 
New  Species  of  Toads  from  the  Philippines,  by  L. 
Steineger  ;  The  Pulque  of  Mexico,  by  W.  Hough.  Two 
reprints. 

Fiction. 
Chesterton    (G.    K.),    The    Man    who    was    Thursday,   6/. 

Described  as  a  nightmare. 
Danby  (F.),  The  Heart  of  a  Child,  6/.    Passages  from  the 

early  life  of  Sally  Snape,  Lady  Kidderminster. 
Davidson  (L.  C),  The  Lost  Millionaire,  6/ 
Dearmer  (M.),  The  Alien  Sisters,  6/ 

Fox-Davies  (A.  C),  The  Finances  of  Sir  John  Kynnersley,  6/ 
Future  Prime  Minister  (The),  2/6  net. 
Gilchrist  (R.  Murray),  The  Gentle  Thespians,  6/ 
Godfrey  (Mrs.  Tom),  A  Modern  Hagar,  6/ 
Gordon  (S.),  The  New  Galatea,  6/ 
Kipling  (A.  Wellesley),  The  New  Dominion,  6/.     A  tale  of 

to-morrow's  wars. 
Leblanc  (M.),  The  Seven  of  Hearts  :  together  with  other 
Exploits  of  Arsene  Lupin,  6/.   Translated  by  Alexander 
T.  de  Mattos,  with  illustrations  by  Cyrus  Cuneo. 
London  (Jack),  White  Fang,  7rf.  net.     New  Edition.     For 
notice  of  earlier  edition  see  A  then.,  Feb.  9,  1907,  p.  161. 
Mncnamara  (R.  S.),  The  Trance,  6/ 
McNulty  (E.),  Mrs.  Mulligan's  Millions,  6/ 
Marshall  (A.),  Many  Junes,  6/.    With  frontispiece  by  F.  H. 

Townsend. 
Newton  (E.),  An  Oversea  Web,  6/ 
Peile  (Pentland),  Clanbrae,  6/.     A  golfing  idyll. 
Rhosconyl  (().),  Isle  Raven,  6/ 
Tempany  (G.  HA  A  Comedy  of  Moods,  6/ 
Thorne  (Guy),  A  Lost  Cause,  Cxi.     New  Edition. 
Warden  (Gertrude),  The  Dancing  Leaves,  6/ 

General  Literature. 
Gorst  (H.  E.),  The  Philosophy  of  Making  Love,  5/  net. 
Logan  (J.   D.),  Democracy,  Education,  and  the  New  Dis- 
pensation, 25  cents.     An  essay  in  Social  Theory,  with 
an  Epistolary  Introduction  addressed  to  the  Hon,  W. 
Stevens  Fielding,  and  R.  A.  Falconer. 
Nicholson  (Major  W.  A.),  Artillery  Fire  :  the  Battery,  3/6. 

With  27  illustrations. 
Representation,  No.  II.  March,  bf.,  The  journal  of  the  Pro- 
portional Representation  Society. 
Scotia,  Candlemas,    1908,  7rf.  net.     The  journal  of  the  St. 
Andrew  Society. 

Pamphlets. 

Art  anil  Trade  :  t heir  Alliance  in  Foreign  Competition.     A 

speech   delivered   by  Sir  Swire  Smith  at   the  Mansion 

House  meeting  on  February  12  in  support  of  the  Third 

international  Ait  Congress, 

British  Constitution  Association:  Presidential  Address  by 

Lord  Balfour  of  Burleigh,  :W. 
New   Education  Bill:    Full   Text,  Iff.      With  notes  by  an 
expert    and   representative   opinions.      Reprinted  from 
ITne  Christian  World. 
Report  of  the  Trinity  College  Mission  in  st.  George's,  Cam  - 
berwell,  S.E.,  for  the  Year  Oct.  1.  1906,  to  Sept.  B0,  1!*>7. 

FOREIGN. 

Theology. 
Staerk  (W.),   Amos,    Nahum.    ILihakuk,    lni.     Part   II.   of 
AnsgewtLhlte  poetische  Text*  dea  AH  en  Testamentea, 

Fine  Art  and  Archirology. 

Deonnn  (w.\  Les Statues  de  Terre  mite  dans  I' Antiquite* : 
Sicile,  Grande  Grece,  Finnic, ct  Rome,  7fr,  GO, 

Justi  (('.),  Miscellaneen ans drel  Jahrhunderten  ipanlechM 
Kunst.lchcns,  Vol.  I.,  10m.     With  86 illustrations. 

Mayer  (A.  LA  Juseppe  de  Ribera,  Mm. 

Sieveis  (.1.),  l'ieter  Aeilsen,  18m. 
Drama. 

JoannldesfAA  i«t  Com6dle*Franoaise,  1907, 7fi.  80 

Rig.'il  (F.),  Moliere,  2  \ols.,  :tfr.  50  each. 


292 


THE     ATHKNjEUM 


No.  41i>:{,  March  7,  1008 


Philotophy. 
Mini  -t.ri..  i^(ii),  Pblloaophta  ta  Writ.-,  iom. 

/I.i'  ry  ami  /}i<«/r(i;-/n/. 

lia.  l.i.i.iin.  tL.).8c]  ichim  I  tei  ii  v  PUUbuy.fen.  Btt 
LanofaM  (Jr.),  Madama  d«  MonUapan  <i   la  M^nda  <i.-> 

uui  Mw-vooi      IMS,  Bftr.    A  French  '\Mios\Mm,   con- 
taining mow  than  5,000  biographlaa. 

rraphy  aiui  Travel. 
BibMOO    (I'liiHf— >'    «1.     V.),     Lai    hull     l':u;i<Iis,    lifr.     50. 

i>.  cnbea  i )■«■  v\^\\i  moat  celebrated  towna  in  Perefa 

Ud  A-ia  Minor. 

Philology. 
Birkt-.lal  (l.),  Komni  af  Milton,  okr.  90.    No.  76  of  Studier 
fm  Bprog-  <>(;  Oldtldafbreknlng. 

u-r  (K.),  I.iliiinii  Opera,  reC,  Vol  IV.,  10m. 

Ritchie  (R.  L.  G.),  Becherchee  Mir  la  Byntaze  de  la  Con- 
|oncuon  "  Que  "  dans  l'ancien  Francala    A  thesis  pre- 
sent eil  to  the  Fac-ultt-  dea  Lettrea  of  Paris. 
Science. 
Hartenberc  (P.),  Physionomie  et  Oaractere,  afr. 
Nana   Weltanschauung :    Monatechrift    fur    Kulturfort- 
schritt  auf  naturwissensehaftliclier  Orundlage,  Part  L, 
4iu.  yearly.     Edited  by  Dr.  W.  Breitenliach. 
Fiction, 
Hauptmann  (G.),  Kaiser  Kails  Geisel,  3m. 
Horn  ille  (G.  d),  Le  Temps  d'aimer,  3fr.  60. 
Iver  (C),  Les  Cervelines,  3fr.  50. 

Pamphlets. 
Domaszewski  (A.    von),   Die  Anlange  der   Limeskastelle, 
Om.  80. 

*»*  All  Books  received  at  the  Office  up  to  Wednesday 
Morning  mil  be  included  in  this  List  unless  previously 
noted.  Publishers  are  requested  to  state  prices  when 
sending  Boohs. 


lEitoarp  (Snssip, 

A  portion  of  the  long-promised  supple- 
ment to  Bosworth  and  Toller's  Anglo- 
Saxon  dictionary  may  be  expected  within 
a  few  weeks  from  the  Clarendon  Press. 

Dr.  E.  M.  Gordon  of  Bilaspore  has 
written  a  work  entitled  '  Indian  Folk- 
Tales  :  Side-Lights  on  Indian  Village  Life 
in  the  Central  Provinces.'  It  will  be 
published  immediately  by  Mr.  Elliot 
Stock. 

The  Trustees  of  Shakespeare's 
Birthplace  are  publishing  in  the  middle 
of  the  month,  for  the  use  of  visitors  to 
the  Birthplace  and  students  of  the  poet 
generally,  a  small  volume,  dealing  with 
some  recent  acquisitions,  under  the  title 
"  Four  Quarto  Editions  of  Plays  by 
Shakespeare.  Described  by  Sidney  Lee, 
with  five  illustrations  in  facsimile." 

Mr.  Eveleigh  Nash  announces  '  Hyde 
Park  :  its  History  and  Romance,'  by 
Mrs.  Alec  Tweedie,  with  numerous  illus- 
trations ;  '  The  Diary  of  a  Looker-On,' 
by  Mr.  C.  Lewis  Hind  ;  and  '  Voltaire, 
Montesquieu,  and  Rousseau  in  England,' 
by  Prof.  Churton  Cbllins. 

Messrs.  Sisley  are  publishing  this 
spring  'The  Real  Ninon  de  l'Enclos,'  by 
M.  Arnould  Galopin  ;  and  in  the  "  Panel- 
Books  "  Talfourd's  '  Life  and  Letters  of 
Lamb,'  Capt.  Johnson's  '  Lives  of  the 
Highwaymen,'  and  Gait's  '  Life  of  Byron.' 

The  Board  of  Trinity  College, 
Dublin,  has  appointed  Dr.  Charles  Francis 
Bastable  Regius  Professor  of  Law,  in  the 
room  of  Dr.  Henry  Brougham  Leech, 
retired. 

The  Council  of  the  British  Academy 
have  appointed  Prof.  S.  R.  Driver,  Fellow 
of  the  Academy,  to  deliver  the  inaugural 
course  of  Schurich  Lectures  under  the 
Leopold  Schurich  Fund,  recently  endowed 
by  a  generous  donor,  "  for  the  furtherance 
of  research  in  the  archaeology,  art,  history, 
languages,  and  literature  of  ancient 
civilization  with  reference  to  Biblical 
study."      Prof.  Driver  will  deliver  three 


lectures  on  '  Areheeologioa]  Reeearoh  in 
relation  to    Biblioal  Study.'     Lecture  I. 

will  (leal  with  'The  Progress  of  Research 
during  the  Last  Century,'  and  w  ill  be  gives 
in  the  Theatre,  Burlington  House,  on 
the  18th  inst.,  Lectures  II.  and  III.  on 
'  Canaan  as  known  through  Inscriptions 
and  Excavation,'  will  be  given  on  the 
30th  inst.  and  April  2nd,  at  the  same 
time  and  place.  The  lectures,  which  will 
be  illustrated,  are  open  to  the  public  free, 
and  without  ticket. 

Mr.  J.  B.  Atkins  writes  from  52,  Elm 
Park  Road,  S.W.  :— 

"  Having  been  asked  by  his  family  to 
write  the  Life  of  the  late  Sir  William  Howard 
Russell  (to  be  published  by  Mr.  John 
Murray),  I  should  be  grateful  if  you  would 
give  me  the  opportunity  of  asking  any  of 
your  readers  who  may  have  letters  from 
Sir  William  Russell,  or  are  in  possession  of 
facts  not  commonly  known  and  likely  to  be 
of  value  for  my  purpose,  kindly  to  place 
them  at  my  disposal.  I  shall  take  the 
greatest  care  of  papers,  and  return  them 
as  soon  as  copies  have  been  made.  I  am 
chiefly  in  want  of  information  about  the 
earlier  part  of  Sir  William  Russell's  life." 

Robert  White  —  printer,  publisher, 
antiquary,  archaeologist,  bibliophile,  and 
seller  of  books — died  last  Sunday  at  his 
residence,  Park  Place,  Worksop,  in  his 
eighty-ninth  year.  He  was  an  old  con- 
tributor to  The  Athenaeum,  and  well 
known  to  many  of  its  earlier  readers.  He 
founded  fifty  years  ago  a  printing  and 
pubhsliing  house  in  Worksop,  from  which 
he  issued  his  own  North  Nottingham- 
shire books,  one  of  which,  '  Worksop, 
the  Dukery,  and  Sherwood  Forest '  (1875), 
is  regarded  as  a  standard  work  on  the 
district.  A  much  more  ambitious  work, 
issued  in  1904,  is  'Dukery  Records: 
Notes  and  Memoranda  illustrative  of 
Nottinghamshire  Ancient  History,'  which 
contains  a  mass  of  information  never 
before  published,  gathered  from  many 
sources. 

We  have  received  a  prospectus  of  the 
Dover  Pageant,  which  is  to  take  place 
this  year  from  July  27th  to  August  1st. 
The  Pageant  is  under  the  direction  of 
Mr.  L.  N.  Parker,  and  w7ill  be  enacted 
in  the  grounds  of  Dover  College  by  2,000 
performers. 

The  Head-Mastership  of  Shrewsbury, 
which  has  been  held  since  1866  by  the 
Rev  H.  W.  Moss,  will  be  vacant  at  the 
close  of  the  summer  term. 

The  scientific  study  of  incunabula  is 
being  taken  up  with  as  much  enthusiasm 
in  America  as  in  Germany  and  England. 
The  Bibliographical  Society  of  America 
has  in  preparation,  under  the  supervision 
of  Dr.  John  Thompson  of  the  Philadelphia 
Library,  a  check-list  of  incunabula  in 
American  libraries  and  elsewhere.  So 
far  30  private  owners  and  53  public  in- 
stitutions have  contributed  3,871  titles. 
We  are  glad  to  know  that  the  German 
Commission  on  Incunabula,  the  object 
of  which  is  to  make  a  general  catalogue 
of  all  books  printed  before  1500,  is  also 
making  considerable  progress. 

The  Report  of  the  Booksellers'  Institu- 
tion to  be  submitted  at  the  meeting  on 


Thursday   next    show.-   fartbei    progn 
The  reoeipta  for  the  past  pear  amounted 

to  i'  i<ki/..  an  increase  of  751.,  notwith- 
standing the  absence  of  legacies  ;  but  the 
expenditure  for  relief  increased  by  120/. 
"  This  increase  is  regarded  with  some 
concern  by  the  Directors,  although  they 
are  glad  to  be  the  instruments  of  so  much 
benefit  to  necessitous  members  of  the 
trade."  The  amount  of  invested  capital 
is  34,276Z.  The  movement  originated 
by  Mr.  C.  J.  Longman  brought  during  the 
year  forty-seven  new  members.  This  is 
good,  but  the  merits  of  the  Institution 
should  secure  a  still  larger  increase  in 
membership  next  year.  The  statement  of 
accounts  shows  how  economically  ev< 
thing  is  managed.  The  Report  acknow- 
ledges the  care  and  zeal  shown  by  Mr. 
Larner,  the  assistant  secretary,  and  Mr. 
D.  G.  Thomson. 

When  Lord  Curzon  transformed  the 
Calcutta  Public  Library,  which  occupied 
Metcalfe  Hall,  into  the"  Imperial  Library, 
the  tablets  and  inscription  on  the  west 
portico  of  the  building  recording  that  the 
hall  was  erected  as  a  memorial  to  Lord 
Metcalfe,  who  passed  the  measure  for  the 
liberation  of  the  press,  were  removed,  and, 
as  the  memorial  hall  was  built  by  public 
subscription,  this  step  raised  some  pro- 
tests. We  learn  that  the  Government 
of  India  has  just  ordered  the  restoration 
of  the  tablets  and  inscription  in  question. 

The  distinguished  philologist  and 
classical  scholar  Adolf  Kirchhoff,  whose 
death  at  the  age  of  eighty-two  is  an- 
nounced from  Berlin,  was  for  many  years 
Professor  of  Greek  at  the  University  of 
that  town.  He  was  a  somewhat  original 
character,  but  an  excellent  teacher.  He 
won  for  himself  a  great  reputation  by 
his  studies  of  old  Italian  languag 
notably  the  Umbrian  dialects  and  in- 
scriptions, and  the  work  which,  in  con- 
nexion with  Aufrecht,  he  wrote  on  this 
subject,  '  Die  umbrischen  Sprachdenk- 
rmiler,'  created  a  great  stir  among  scholars. 
Of  the  numerous  valuable  works  published 
by  him  may  be  mentioned  'Die  Homer- 
ische  Odyssee  und  ihre  Entstehung.' 
'  Thukidides  und  sein  Urkundenmaterial.' 
'  Studien  zur  Geschichte  des  griechischen 
Alphabets,'  and  '  Das  gotische  Runen- 
alphabet.' 

We  have  to  announce  the  death  of  the 
Danish  author  Carl  Ewald  at  the  age  of 
fifty- two.  Besides  a  number  of  novels  of 
modern  life  and  historical  romances  he 
wrote  a  series  of  fairy  tales.  Here  he 
was  at  his  best,  and  gained  the  name  of  a 
second  Hans  Andersen  in  Danish  lite- 
rature. His  '  Two-Legs  and  other  Stories  ' 
appeared  in  an  English  translation  last 
October,  and  was  praised  by  critics.  A 
story  of  his,  '  The  Son  of  Cordt,'  is  at 
present  running  in  The  Fortnightly  Review. 

We  note  the  publication  of  the  following 
Parliamentary  Papers  :  List  of  Evening 
Schools  in  England  and  Wales,  Year 
ending  July,  1906,  dated  1907,  but  only 
now  circulated  (5£</.)  ;  Annual  Statistical 
Report,  University  of  Glasgow  (3d.)  ;  and 
also  one  Paper  mentioned  under  Science 
Gossip. 


No.  4193,  March  7,  1908 


THE    ATHENAEUM 


293 


SCIENCE 


OUR    LIBRARY    TABLE. 

Nature's  Moods  and  Tenses.  By  Horace 
<J.  Hutchinson.  (Smith,  Elder  &  Co.)— 
Mr.  Hutchinson's  book  suffers  necessarily 
from  being  a  collection  of  papers  put  to- 
gether from  sundry  sources  in  the  periodical 
press  ;  but  he  lias  succeeded  in  deftly 
arranging  its  contents  so  as  to  give  them  the 
largest  possible  amount  of  coherence.  This 
is  achieved  by  dividing  the  book  into  sec- 
tions corresponding  to  the  seasons,  in  which 
certain  sets  of  observations,  long  or  short, 
are  grouped  ;  and  adding  a  division  on 
'  Man  and  his  Friends,'  which  does  not 
conveniently  fall  into  the  seasonal  sections. 
Mr.  Hutchinson  is  known  as  a  genuine 
lover  of  the  country-side,  also  as  a  careful 
observer  ;  and  we  are  glad  to  have  his  notes 
of  the  year  in  a  permanent  form,  handsomely 
illustrated  as  they  are  by  photographs. 
We  are  relieved  to  learn  that  Mr.  Hutchinson 
thinks  bird-life  is  increasing  in  our  islands, 
which  is  not  the  opinion  of  some  other 
Authorities.  Certainly  in  whole  districts 
various  familiar  residents  have  dwindled — 
the  goldfinch,  for  example,  and  the  bull- 
finch, on  which  incessant  war  is  waged  by 
cultivators.  We  note  an  interesting  link 
suggested  by  Mr.  Hutchinson — that  the 
practice,  common  among  starlings,  of  laying 
■eggs  recklessly  about  the  grass  is  "  the  first 
step  towards  that  general  immorality 
about  their  offspring  which  is  the  cuckoo's 
most  characteristic  trait."  But  wherever 
we  turn  a  page  we  come  across  an  interest- 
ing piece  of  information,  or  an  equally 
interesting  commentary  upon  it.  The  book 
is  one  to  be  taken  up  at  odd  moments, 
and  will  revive  memories  of  past  seasons 
on  the  land,  by  weald  or  valley. 

By  Meadow,  Orove,  and  Stream.  By 
Henry  Hilton  Brown.  (Religious  Tract 
Society.) — Mr.  Brown  is  constrained  to 
offer  an  apology,  or  at  least  a  justification, 
for  adding  to  the  many  books  on  nature, 
and  his  explanations  may  be  accepted 
with  an  easy  grace.  When  books  on  natural 
history  are  well  informed,  we  are  always 
ready  to  welcome  them.  Mr.  Brown's 
book  deals  with  everyday  phenomena, 
such  a3  may  be  met  with  in  any  ramble, 
and  he  endeavours  to  stimulate  the  young 
mind  to  further  research.  We  have  only 
one  complaint ;  the  black-and-white  plates 
are  generally  inadequate  guides  to  the 
beginner.  For  example,  it  is  impossible 
from  Mr.  Brown's  illustrations  to  identify 
moths  or  butterflies,  or  birds'  eggs,  or 
oven  flowers.  The  author  seems  more 
interested  in  Lepidoptera  than  in  other 
forms  of  animal  life,  as  his  appended  calen- 
dars and  notes  on  collecting  show. 

The  MotJis  of  tlie  British  Isles.  By 
Richard  South.  First  Series.  (Warne  & 
Co.) — Mr.  South  is  so  well  known  as  an 
entomologist  that  his  namo  on  a  book  of 
this  sort  carries  confidence  with  it.  This 
is  one  of  Messrs.  Warne's  series  in  illustration 
of  the  country-side,  compact,  concise,  noat, 
and  learned.  The  volumo  is  a  first  instal- 
ment only,  comprising  the  families  Sphingidae 
to  Noctuidae.  The  moths  of  the  British  Isles 
are  exceedingly  numerous,  and  tho  work 
of  classification  is  occasionally  rathor  com- 
plicated. Mr.  Smith's  introductory  notes 
on  the  structuro  of  the  moth,  and  methods 
of  collection,  suffice  to  start  the  reader  on 
a  fascinating  subjoct.  The  illustrations 
are  oxcellent  in  colour  and  drawing,  and 
altogether  this  forms  an  admirable  pocket 
guide  to  British  moths. 


Confessio  Medici.  By  the  Writer  of 
'  The  Young  People.'  (Macmillan  &  Co.)— 
The  ten  essays  included  under  the  above 
title  are  addressed  chiefly  to  students  of 
medicine  and  the  younger  members  of  the 
profession.  They  are  evidently  the  fruits 
of  a  life  which  has  been  devoted  to  this 
vocation,  and  are  full  of  a  warm-hearted 
kindliness  and  a  quiet  humour  that  appeal 
directly  to  all  who  take  an  interest  in  suffer- 
ing humanity. 

The  first  is  concerned  with  the  vocation  of 
medicine,  the  second  with  hospital  life : 
these  are  followed  by  one  in  which  the  author 
tilts  against  the  current  views  which  make 
a  science  of  psychology  ;  the  five  succeeding 
deal  with  the  various  phases  of  practice  ; 
and  the  last  two  with  retirement  and  the 
close  of  life.  They  are  all  interesting,  and 
instinct  with  a  shrewd,  happy,  confident 
philosophy  ;  but  they  abound  in  paradox, 
and  are  often  too  dogmatic.  It  is  easy  to 
philosophize  when  there  is  no  one  to  con- 
trovert one's  arguments  ;  many  of  the 
author's  statements,  however,  are  open  to 
emphatic  contradiction — such,  for  instance, 
as  the  pronouncement  that  in  hospital  life 
there  is  no  advantage  in  having  had  a  Uni- 
versity training  ;  and  again,  in  the  essay 
on  '  The  Spirit  of  Practice,'  the  dictum  that 
neither  culture  nor  philosophy  is  of  use  to 
the  medical  practitioner.  Such  statements 
seem  peculiarly  curious  coming  from  one 
whose  work  bears  evidence  that  his  mind 
is  steeped  in  the  "  Humanities."  Has 
the  author  found  such  knowledge  only  c 
stumbling-block  in  his  own  life  ?  It  may 
be  true,  as  he  states,  that  a  patient  "  does 
not  want  his  doctor  to  talk  to  him  about 
the  National  Gallery."  It  may,  however, 
be  good  for  the  patient. 

Perhaps  he  forgets  the  other  side  of  the 
question.  In  the  daily  trials  of  life  have 
culture  and  philosophy  no  soothing  influ- 
ence on  the  mind  of  the  practitioner  ? 
Does  not  the  wider  view  of  life  thus  gained 
help  him  to  bear  more  easily  the  petty 
annoyances  arising  from  ignorance  and 
narrow-mindedness  ?  Do  they  not  enlarge 
his  sympathy  ?  And  sympathy — which  the 
author  strangely  neglects,  except  incidentally 
in  the  necessary  equipment  demanded  by  the 
Spirit  of  Practice — is  surely  the  crown  of  a 
successful  doctor,  and  often  a  potent  means 
for  the  alleviation  of  inevitable  suffering. 

Much  as  there  is  to  admire  in  the  medical 
profession  of  the  twentieth  century,  the 
definite  leaning  towards  the  methods  of 
trade-unionism  that  is  apparent  in  it  under 
the  stress  of  competition  is  hardly  in  accord 
with  the  flattering  excerpt  quoted  from 
Stevenson  on  the  title-page.  One  of  the  well- 
grounded  complaints  against  the  modern 
medical  man  is  that,  at  a  time  when  education 
is  extending  its  influence  in  all  classes 
around  him,  his  own  training  is  so  severe 
and  specialized  that  there  is  no  room  for 
general  culture. 

The  fourth  essay,  '  A  Good  Example,'  is 
devoted  to  Ambroise  Pare  ;  we  wonder 
how  many  medical  students  of  the  presont 
day  know  anything  about  him.  It  is  un- 
doubtedly truo  that,  apart  from  scientific 
equipment,  the  practitioner  of  to-day  falls 
bohind  his  forbears  of  fifty  yoars  ago,  yet 
in  the  practice  of  the  art  of  medicine 
scientific  equipment  becomes  a  small  thing. 
Tli"  picture  of  the  busy  practitioner  Volox, 
compelled  by  ill-health  to  retire,  is  the 
antithesis  of  what  such  a  retirement  should 
bo.  Each  Stage  in  our  existenco  ought  to 
be  a  preparation  in  soma  sense  for  thai 
which  is  to  follow.  Had  Velox  spent  the 
smallest  portion  of  his  activo  life  in  cultivat- 
ing one  of  those  hobbies  the  writer  scoffs  at, 
he  might  have  enjoyed  the  loisure  of  his  old 


age.  There  is  no  need  to  fear  that  our 
author  will  suffer  in  the  same  way. 

A  New  System  of  Geology.  By  Mary 
Salter.  (Simpkin,  Marshall  &  Co.) — There 
can  be  no  doubt  that  many  of  the  views 
enunciated  in  this  work  are  characterized 
by  originality,  but  it  seems  fair  to  doubt 
if  their  originality  will  commend  them  to 
the  serious  attention  of  geologists.  Thus, 
after  prolonged  study  of  the  mineral  deposits 
of  Cornwall  and  Devon,  the  writer  has  been 
led  to  frame  a  novel  theory  as  to  the  origin 
of  metals  : — 

"  Metals   are   the    result    of   the    condensation 
of   vapours    surrounding    the    earth    and    of    the 
ma-ri-age    [sic]    of    the    sons    of    God    with    the 
daughters  of  Men." 
Again,  we  are  told  that 

"  the  minerals  which  compose  the  outer  crust  of 
the  earth  were  fabricated  above  in  portions  of  the 
Muth,  or  broken  up  outer  waters,  such  as  Bel  and 
other  gods,  according  to  their  atomic  weight,  and 
descended  mixed  with  globular  or  small  crystalline 
silica,  often  hydrated,  whenever  the  equilibrium 
was  disturbed,  four  well-marked  authenticated 
instances  being  the  epochs  of  Menophres,  Nahmer, 
Nabonassar,  and  the  Tate." 

We  understand  that  the  writer  has  been 
careful  to  register  many  of  her  discoveries 
at  Stationers'  Hall.  On  discussing  with 
various  continental  professors  her  geological 
and  archaeological  theories,  she  has  found 
that  "  the  time  seemed  hardly  ripe  for 
their  reception  "  ;  and  on  communicating 
personally  to  the  Geological  Survey  "  the 
discovery  that  sand  beds  are  the  remains 
of  primeval  chaos,"  she  found  that,  instead 
of  being  enthusiastically  received,  "  the 
idea  was  ridiculed."  We  hope  that  her 
next  discovery  will  be  of  such  a  nature  as 
to  merit  a  more  courteous  reception. 

Town  Gas  and  its  Uses.  By  W.  H.  Y. 
Webber.  (Constable  &  Co.) — In  this  book 
the  author  gives  a  summary  of  the  manufac- 
ture and  uses  of  coal-gas.  The  various 
qualities  of  gas  now  manufactured,  and  the 
by-products  obtained  from  coal-gas,  are 
fully  described.  The  subject  of  gas  lighting 
receives  special  attention  in  the  fourth,  fifth, 
and  sixth  chapters,  where  the  development 
of  the  modern  burner  is  traced,  and  the 
question  of  the  illumination  of  streets  and 
buildings  is  discussed  from  a  practical  stand- 
point. Special  reference  is  mado  to  the  light- 
ing of  shop  windows,  public  halls,  churches, 
factories,  &c. ;  and  the  cost  of  illumination  by 
gas  is  fully  treated.  The  use  of  gas  is  also 
recommended  for  heating  and  cooking  pur- 
poses. The  remaining  two  chapters  deal 
with  gas  engines,  the  use  of  town  gas  for 
power  purposes,  and  the  legislation  concern- 
ing gas  lighting,  the  last  being  of  special 
interest. 

The  work  is  fully  illustrated,  and  Mr. 
Webber  has  succeeded  in  presenting  the 
many  sides  of  his  subject  in  a  simplo  and 
attractive  manner. 


SOCIETIES. 


GbolOQICAL. — Feb.  19. — Sir  Archibald  (Jeikie, 
President,  in  the  chair. — Dr.  A.  \V.  (i.  Bleeok,  Bod 
.Messrs.  A.  0.  Brown,  H.  C.  Drake,  R.  M.  Qunn, 
W.  11.   Mars  too,  and   Basil  Sohoa   wen  elected 

Fellows.  —  The  following  communications  WON 
read:  'The  Two  Earth  Movements  of  Colonsay,' 
by  Mr.  W.  Bourke  Wright, — and  '  Notes  on  the 
River  Wey,'  by  Mr.  11.  Bury. 

Feb.  21. — Annnul  (r'nural  Hitting.  -Sir  Archi- 
bald Geikie,  President,  in  the  chair.  The  Reports 
of  the  Council  and  of  the  Library-and-Museum 
Committee  for  the  year  ion?  were  read.  It  was 
stated  that  the  flourishing  condition  of  the  Society 

liad  been  marked,  in  the  year  under  review,   1>\    ■> 

further  inorea  e   In  the  Dumber  of   Fellows,   the 

number  elected  being  71  (20  mOTS  than  in  L906). 
The  Report  of  the  Library  and  Museum  Committee 


294 


THE     ATI!  KNjEUM 


No.  4193,  March  7,  1908 


cniiMHint<  (I  tin-  c  \i>  -ii-im"  a<liht  i.»iis  made  during 

tin-  yijir  to  tin-  lilir/iry,    antl    gave    HBM   detail*  M 

t<>  Sir.  ( '.  l>.  Bberborn'a  (md  Catalogue,  with 
whirli  oonridenbla  progreu  bad  ben  mada  The 
Raporti  having  been  reoeived,  the  medals  and 
f ends  were  awarded  m  umounoed  in  our  Science 

-ip  on  January  1 1th. — Tlie  President  then  Dead 
his  anniversary  address,  giving  first  of  all  obituary 
notices  of  several  1'cllows  deceased  since  the  last 
annual  meeting. — The  ballot  for  the  Council  and 
offioen  WM  taken,  and  the  following  were  declared 
duly  elected  for  the  ensuing  year  : — President, 
Prat  W.J.  Sollns;  Vice-President*,  P.  \V.  Rudler, 
Aubrey  Strahen,  J.  J.  H.  Teall,  and  A.  Smith 
Woodward  j  Stcrelaries,  Profs.  K.  J.  Garwood 
and  \Y.  W.  Watts  ;  Foreign  Secretary,  Sir  Archi- 
lwld  Ceikic  ;  Treasurer,  Horace  W.  Monckton  ; 
Council,  Prof.  S.  H.  Cox,  Prof.  E.  J.  Garwood, 
Sir  A.  Geikie,  A.  Harker,  W.  H.  Hudleston, 
F.  L.  Kitchin,  G.  W.  Lamplugh,  R.  Lydekker, 
Prof.  H.  A.  Miers,  H.  W.  Monckton,  R.  1). 
Oldham,  Prof.  S.  H.  Reynolds,  F.  W.  Rudler, 
Prof.  W.  J.  Sollas,  L.  J.  Spencer,  A.  Strahan, 
C.  F.  Strangways,  J.  J.  H.  Teall,  R.  H.  Tiddeman, 
Prof.  W.  W.  Watts,  H.  Woods,  A.  S.  Woodward, 
and  G.  W.  Young. 


Royal  Numismatic.— Feb.  20.— Sir  John  Evans, 
President,  in  the  chair.  —  Canon  H.  Calleja 
Schembri,  D.D.,  was  elected  a  Fellow. — The 
President  exhibited  a  series  of  shekels  and  half- 
shekels  of  the  time  of  the  Maccabees. — Mr.  T. 
Bliss  showed  some  ancient  British  coins  in  gold, 
silver,  and  bronze,  from  his  collection,  of  Epaticcus, 
Verica,  Tincommius,  Tasciovanus,  and  Cuno- 
bclinus ;  and  Sir  Augustus  Prevost  a  pattern 
penny,  dated  1874,  of  the  South  African  Republic. 
— Mr.  Lionel  M.  Hewlett  read  the  third  portion 
of  his  treatise  on  Anglo-Gallic  coins,  which  dealt 
with  those  struck  by  Edward  the  Black  Prince, 
Richard  II.,  and  Henry  IV.  The  coins  of  the 
Black  Prince  were  struck  by  virtue  of  a  charter  of 
Edward  III.,  by  which  he  raised  the  Duchy  of 
Aciuitaine  into  a  Principality,  and  created  the 
Black  Prince,  Prince  of  Aquitaine.  The  charter 
contained  an  express  grant  of  the  right  to  coin 
money.  The  gold  coins  of  the  Black  Prince  con- 
sisted of  a  leopard,  guiennois,  and  ecu  of  the  same 
types  as  his  father's,  and  a  pavilion  and  hardi 
which  were  of  new  types.  There  was  also  a  gold 
noble  of  the  same  type  as  the  English  noble.  The 
silver  coins  consisted  of  a  gros,  demi-gros,  sterling, 
and  hardi.  The  mints  in  use  were  Agen,  D'Ax, 
Bordeaux,  Figeac,  Limoges,  Poitiers,  Rochelle, 
and  Tarbes.  The  coins  of  Richard  II.  and 
Henry  IV.  were  not  so  numerous,  and  Bordeaux 
appeared  to  be  the  only  mint  employed  during 
those  reigns. 

Linnean.— Fefc.  20.— Lieut. -C  1.  Prain,  V.P.,  in 
the  chair.  —  Miss  M.  E.  Bainbridge,  Miss  E. 
Crocker,  Mr.  W.  H.  Burrell,  and  Mr.  J.  W.  Oliver 
were  admitted  Fellows.— The  Chairman  announced 
that  there  were  two  vacancies  in  the  list  of  Foreign 
Members,  owing  to  the  death  of  Prof.  F.  R.  Kjell- 
man  and  Prof.  J.  V.  Barboza  du  Bocage.  The 
Chairman  also  stated  that  a  celebration  of  the 
Jubilee  of  the  presentation  of  the  Dai  win- Wallace 
joint  essay  on  July  1st,  1858,  would  take  place  on 
Jul  j'  1st  next ;  but  the  details  were  not  complete. 
— Mr.  T.  Ernest  Waltham  exhibited  stereoscopic 
photographs  of  Alpine  flowers  in  their  natural 
colours,  some  of  the  slides  being  also  shown  on  the 
screen.  Mr.  R.  Morton  Middleton,  Mr.  A.  W. 
Sutton,  Dr.  A.  B.  Rendle,  and  the  Chairman  made 
observations. — The  first  paper  was  by  Mr.  A.  W. 
Sutton,  '  On  Wild  Types  and  Species  of  the  Tuber- 
bearing  Solanums.'  The  following  engaged  in  the 
discussion  :  Mr.  J.  G.  Baker,  Mr.  R.  Morton  Mid- 
dleton, Trof.  J.  B.  Farmer,  Mr.  C.  T.  Druery,  Dr. 
Voelcker,  Prof.  F.  W.  Keeble,  and  Mr.  E.  G. 
Baker,  the  Chairman  summing  up. — The  second 
paper  was  on  the  '  Life-Histories  and  Larval  Habits 
of  the  Tiger-Beetles  (Cieindelidre),'  by  Dr.  V.  E. 
Shelford,  and  was  briefly  laid  before  the  Society  by 
the  General  Secretary. 


Institution  of  Civil  Engjneebs.— Fd>.  25.— 
Sir  William  Matthews,  President,  in  the  chair.— 
The  paper  read  was  '  The  New  York  Rapid- 
Transit  Subway,'  by  Mr.  W.  Barclay  Parsons. 


Royal    Ikbtitutiov. — Mmrtk  2. — Sir   .James 

Criohton-Browne,     Treasurer    and     V.l\,     in     the 

chair  Colonel  David  Bruce,  Mi  Dm  M  l'ut<lni, 
Miss  ('leghorn,  .Mrs.  Dngald  Clei  k,  Mr.  V.  (ioidon, 
Mr.    .1.    Hunter   Gray,    Miss    Hussard,    Mr.    \\.   L. 

Preeoe,  Dr.  C.  W.  Baleeby,  Dr.  Hans  Bauer,  Mm. 
Sohilizzi,  ftlias  Sohilizzi,  Mr.  C.  E.  Wurtzburg,  and 
Prof.  H.  A.  WUaon  were  elected  Biemb 


Anthropological   Institute.  — Feb.   25.— Mr. 

A.  L.  Lewis  in  the  chair. — Miss  M.  Edith  Durham 
read  a  paper,  illustrated  by  lantern-slides,  on 
'Montenegrin  Manners  and  Customs.'  After 
reviewing  the  history  of  the  country  from  the 
time  of  Stefan  Dushan,  who  died  in  1356,  Miss 
Durham  recited  a  ballad,  'The  Avenging  of 
Batrich  Perovioh,'  which  dealt  with  a  blood-feud, 
and  on  this  she  based  her  subsequent  remarks, 
which  dealt  with  the  people's  beliefs  in  spirits  and 
fabulous  serpents,  with  their  marriage  arrange- 
ments and  funeral  ceremonies.  All  cousins,  to 
whatever  degree,  are  considered  as  blood  relations, 
and  marriage  between  them  is  prohibited  ;  and  it 
is  interesting  to  note  that  godfatherhood  is  a 
recognized  relationship,  a  godson  becoming  of 
blood  kin  to  all  his  godfather's  relations.  Miss 
Durham  also  gave  a  vivid  description  of  a  funeral 
attended  by  the  inhabitants  of  all  the  neighbouring 
villages,  and  showed  some  pictures  of  ancient 
gravestones.  In  this  connexion  it  was  instructive 
to  observe  that  the  pattern  on  some  stones  erected 
during  the  last  few  years  was  a  survival  of  that  on 
some  of  the  most  ancient.  The  paper  included  an 
account  of  some  popular  superstitions  and  charms. 


Society  of  Engineers.  —March  2.— Mr.  A.  J. 
Metcalfe  read  a  paper  on  '  The  Treatment  and 
Formation  of  Road  Surfaces.' 


Aristotelian. — March  2.  —Dr.  G.  Dawes  Hicks, 
V.P.,  in  the  chair.  —  Mr.  William  Brown  was 
elected  a  Member. — Dr.  Shadworth  H.  Hcdgson 
read  a  paper  on  '  The  Idea  of  Totality. '  Philo- 
sophy is  the  attempt  to  frame  a  consistent  system 
of  knowledge  based  upon  data  which  are  im- 
mediate at  once  in  consciousness  taken  subjectively 
as  a  knowing,  and  in  that  same  consciousness 
taken  objectively  as  an  existent.  The  special 
difficulty  of  establishing  a  consensus  of  individuals 
in  any  such  system  is  the  difficulty  of  harmonizing 
the  analyses  of  the  immediate  consciousness  of 
individuals  taken  as  a  knowing,  when  that  same 
consciousness  taken  as  an  existent  is  incom- 
municable to  other  individuals.  The  distinction 
between  percept  and  concept,  and  the  nature  of 
the  relation  between  them,  are  a  cardinal  instance 
of  this  difficulty.  And  it  is  to  this  distinction  and 
this  relation  that  the  interpretation  of  the  idea  of 
totality  must  be  referred.  Taken  as  a  concept, 
totality  implies  finitude ;  conceiving  is  limiting, 
and  a  total  is  a  finite  whole.  Taken  as  a  percept, 
totality  implies  infinity ;  both  in  time  and  in 
space,  as  inseparable  elements  in  experience,  there 
is  always  a  beyond  to  any  content  which  we  can 
specifically  perceive  or  imagine  :  a  beyond  which, 
owing  to  the  continuity  of  these  elements,  belongs 
to  one  and  the  same  universe,  and  makes  it  in  its 
totality  an  infinite  whole.  There  is  therefore  a 
beyond  to  every  conceptual  or  finite  total.  In 
trying  to  conceive  the  universe  we  cannot  but 
conceive  it  as  an  infinite  percept.  Two  con- 
sequences follow.  One  is  that  we  have  to  think 
of  our  universe  as  including  innumerable  kinds  of 
specific  feelings,  of  which,  nevertheless,  we  can 
form  literally  no  specific  imagination,  and  also  an 
indefinite  number  of  formal  elements  analogous  to 
those  which  we  know  as  time-duration  and  space- 
extension,  but  the  specific  nature  of  which  we  are 
equally  unable  to  imagine.  The  other  is  that, 
since  the  universe  of  our  specific  experience  is 
known  to  us  as  infinite,  we  can  frame  no  positive 
conception  or  theory  explanatory  either  of  its 
nature  or  its  genesis.  Infinity  precludes  explana- 
tion, because  it  implies  the  reality  of  something 
which  no  specific  idea  that  we  can  frame  is 
adequate  to  represent. — The  paper  was  followed 
by  a  discussion. 


British   Numismatic. — Feb.  26.— Mr.  Carlyon- 
Britton,  President,  in  the  chair. — Drs.  Gordon  J. 


Lane  and  W.  Ifnnro  Tapp,  and  M'-h-.   R.  H. 

Davis,    .(.    H.   Bonier,   and    •/.    F.  Warwick,    v 

elected   to    nenberanip.      Dr.   Stanley   Bona) 
oontributed  ■  note  on  a  trial-piece  for  a  pattern 
by  Droz,  in  winch  he  deeoribed  the  processes  gone 

through  in  producing  coins  and  medals,  illustrating 
his  remarks  by  examples  in  wax  and  metal  formerly 
in  the  1'ingo  Collection.  — Mi.  Shii  ley  Fox  read  a 
paper  on  'The  Cross  as  a  Mint  Maik  on  Coins 
of  the  Plantagenet  Kings  from  Edward  I.  to 
Edward  IV.'  His  efforts  were  directed  towards 
ensuring  a  more  accurate  appreciation  of  the  varia- 
tions in  the  form  of  the  cross  apparent  in  the 
different  examples.     Fifty-five  varieties  of  crosses, 

!)attee,  moline,  fitchee,  cVc. ,  were  sketched  on  the 
jlackboard  in  groups.  Mr.  Fox  hoped  that  the 
minute  comparison  of  the  form  of  the  cross,  and 
of  the  lettering  and  workmanship  of  the  inscrip- 
tion, would  enable  him  to  assign  each  different 
series  issued  between  1272  and  1483  to  its  true 
chronological  position  in  the  coinage  of  the  realm. 
— In  addition  to  exhibitions  by  Dr.  Bousfield  and 
Mr.  Fox  in  illustration  of  the  subjects  of  their 
papers,  the  following  were  displayed :— By  Mr. 
W.  C.  Wells  :  a  specimen  of  Irish  gold  ring-money 
of  the  early  Celtic  period,  about  300  B.C.,  and  a 
penny  of  William  I.,  Carlyon-Britton  type  vi., 
reading  -f  spartbrand  onp,  and  probably  of  the 
Wallingford  mint ;  but  the  name  of  the  moneyer  is 
new  to  the  series  of  William  I.  and  II.,  and  con- 
elusive  evidence  of  the  place  of  mintage  is  wanting. 
By  Mr.  H.  C.  Miller :  pennies  of  Eadweard  the 
Elder,  variety  of  British  Museum  Catalogue 
type  viii.  ;  of  Harold  L,  of  the  Leicester  mint, 
Hildebrand  type  B ;  and  of  Harthacnut  of  the 
Rochester  and  Taunton  mints,  Hildebrand  type  A, 
var.  a.  By  Mr.  W.  S.  Ogden :  a  groat  of  the 
third  issue  of  Henry  VIII.  bearing  on  obverse  and 
reverse  the  unrecorded  mint-mark  of  a  fleur-de-lis, 
the  sinister  petal  of  which  is  contorted  to  form  an 
annulet.  By  Mr.  L.  L.  Fletcher  :  copper,  bronzed, 
and  gilt  specimens  of  the  Charleville  Forest  13d. 
token  issued  in  1802 ;  and  by  Mr.  A.  H.  Baldwin  : 
strikings  in  lead  of  the  obverse  and  reverse  of  a 
token  for  lid.,  1805,  from  dies  by  Pingo,  the 
obverse  die  being  similar  to  that  of  the  eighteen- 
penny  tokens  of  1811  and  1812. — Presentations  to 
the  Society's  collections  were  made  by  Messrs. 
A.  H.  Baldwin,  R.  W.  K.  Goddard,  and  J.  San- 
ford  Saltus  ;  and  to  the  library  by  the  Canadian 
Antiquarian  and  Numismatic  Society,  Mr.  R.  W. 
McLachlan,  and  Messrs.  Sotheby,  Wilkinson  & 
Hedge. 


Faraday  Society.—  Feb.  25.— Dr.  T.  M.  Lowry 
in  the  chair. — Dr.  V.  H.  Veley  read  a  paper  on 
'  Hydrolysis  as  illustrated  by  Heats  of  Neutralisa- 
tion.'— A  paper  by  Dr.  Joseph  Knox,  entitled  'A 
Study  of  the  Sulphur  Anion  and  of  Complex 
Sulphur  Anions,'  was  communicated  by  Dr.  A.  C. 
Cumming. 


MEETINGS  NEXT  WEEK. 


Mos. 


TlKS. 


Wkd. 


Society  of  Arts,  8— 'Fuel  and  its  Future'  Lecture  I.,  Prof. 

V.  B.  Lewes.     (Cantor  Lecture.) 
Sociological,  8. — '  Psychology  of  Crime,'  Dr.  A.  Wilson. 
Surveyors'  Institution,  8.—  Discussion  on  "The  Small  Holdings 

anil  Allotments  Act,  190T.' 
Geographical,  8.30.—'  Exploration  in  Southern  Nigeria,'  Lieut. 

E. A.  Stool 
Royal  Institution,  3— 'Membranes  :  their  Structure,  Uses,  and 

Products,'  Lecture  V..  Prof.  W.  Stirling. 
Asiatic.  4.—  The  Modern  Hindu  Doctrine  of  Works,'  Dr.  O.  A. 

QrierBon. 
Anthroiwlogicul  Institute,  8.— 'The  Origin  of  the  Crescent  as  a 

Muhammad*!)    Badge,'    Prof.    W.    Ridseway;    'Some    Pre- 
historic Antiquities  in  Centra]  Fiance.'  Mr.  A.  L.  Lewis. 
Colonial     Institute,     s.  —  'Our    East    African     Empire,'    Mr. 

Archilutkl  R.  Colquhoun. 
Institution  of  Civil   Engineers,  8.— Discussion  on   'The  New 

York  Rapid  Transit  Subway.' 
Meteorological, 
Society   of    Arts,  8. —  'The    Use   of    Reinforced   Concrete   in 

Engineering  nnd  Architectural  Construction  in  America,' 

Mr.  E.  It.  Matthews. 
Tin  us.  Royal  Institution,  3— 'Early  British  History  and  EpigTaphy,' 

Lecture  1  L,  Prof.  Sir  John  Rhys. 

—  Royal,  ISO, 

—  Society  of  Arts,  4  30.— '  Progress  in  the  Native  States  of  India 

during  the  Past  Forty  \cars.  Sir  David  W.  K.  Barr.   {Indian 
Section.) 

—  Institution  of  Electrical  Engineers,  8.— 'America  Revisited, 

WOT."  Sii  W.  H    1 

—  Society  of   Antiquaries,   B.S0,— '  Notes  on    Oompton    Church, 

Surrey,'  Mr.  H.  Thackerny  Turner :  'Three  Inventories: 
(1)  The  Earl  of  Huntingdon.  1377  ;  (2)  Brother  .lohn  Randolf, 
141H  ;  and  |»  Sir  John  de  Boys,  1426.'  Mr.  W.  Paley  Baildon. 
Fri.  Physical,  8.— 'On  Certain  Dynamical  Analogues  of*  Tempera- 
ture Equilibrium,'  Prof  8.  H.  Bryan;  Experiments  on 
Artificial  Fulgurites,'  Miss  D.  D.  Butcher;  The  Dis- 
tribution in  Electric  Fields  of  the  Active  Deposits  of 
Thorium  and  Actinium,'  Mr.  S.  Russ. 

—  Royal   Institution,  9—  Trans-Atlantic  Wireless  Telegraphy,' 

Chevalier  U.  Marconi. 
8at.      Royal  Institution,  .".—'Electric  Discharges  through  Gases, 
Lecture  II.,  Prof.  J.  J.  Thomson. 


No.  4193,  March  7,  1908 


THE    ATHENiEUM 


295 


Sbttttut  (Gossip. 


Sir  Oliver  Lodge  will  deliver  his  presi- 
dential address  to  the  Faraday  Society  on 
the  24th  inst.  The  subject  will  be  '  Some 
Aspects  of  the  Work  of  Lord  Kelvin.' 

Dr.  H.  Snellen,  whose  death  at  the 
age  of  seventy-four  is  announced  from 
Utrecht,  was  the  inventor  of  the  alpha- 
betical eye-test,  which  soon  came  into  general 
use.  He  was  professor  at  the  University  of 
Utrecht  till  1899,  when  the  state  of  his 
health  obliged  him  to  resign. 

The  Parliamentary  Papers  of  the  week 
include  the  Report  {l\d.)  and  the  Evidence 
and  Index  (llfd)  of  the  National  Physical 
Laboratory  Committee. 

In  the  course  of  her  examination  of  photo- 
graphic plates  taken  at  the  Moscow  Observa- 
tory by  M.  Blajko  (his  name  is  now  usually 
transliterated  as  Blazko),  Madame  Ceraski 
has  detected  two  new  variable  stars  in  the 
constellation  Auriga.  The  first  of  these 
(to  be  reckoned  as  var.  3,  1908,  Aurigse) 
is  numbered  D.M.-j-49°.1331  ;  its  maximum 
and  minimum  brightness  appear  to  be  of 
8-6  and  9*3  magnitude  respectively  ;  the 
period  is  probably  short,  but  cannot  yet 
be  assigned.  The  second  (var.  4,  1908, 
Aurigae)  is  D.M.-f-48°.1187,  and  the  magni- 
tude changes  from  about  the  tenth  to  the 
twelfth  ;  but  the  period  is  uncertain. 

Whilst  searching  for  Phcebe,  the  ninth 
satellite  of  Saturn,  with  the  40-inch  Yerkes 
telescope,  on  September  12th,  1904,  Prof. 
Barnard  observed  an  object  which  he  pre- 
sumed to  be  the  body  in  question,  it  being 
near  the  place  in  the  ephemeris.  Prof. 
Pickering  afterwards  pointed  out  to  him 
that  the  ephemeris  place  was  2'  in  error, 
and  as  the  object  observed  was  moving 
too  fast  to  be  another  satellite  of  Saturn, 
it  must  have  been  a  very  faint  small  planet  ; 
but  the  observations  obtained  were  not 
sufficient  to  determine  its  orbit.  Prof. 
Barnard  observed  Phcebe  on  August  14th, 

1906,  and  compared  it  with  what  appeared 
to  be  a  star  of  the  tenth  magnitude.  After 
endeavouring  without  success  to  find  it 
again,    the    last    time    on    September    8th, 

1907,  he  discovered  that  it  had  moved  from 
the  place  where  he  had  seen  it,  and  concluded 
that  it  must  have  been  a  small  planet. 
When,  however,  the  results  of  the  observa- 
tions, as  recorded  on  photographic  plates, 
were  sent  to  Prof.  Bauschinger,  it  was  found 
that  they  were  of  the  satellite  Japetus, 
which,  until  the  discovery  of  Phcebe,  was 
supposed  to  be  the  most  distant. 


FINE    ARTS 


George  Morland :  his  Life  and  Works. 
By  Sir  Walter  Gilbey  and  E.  D.  Cuming. 
(A.  &  C.  Black.) 

Although  Sir  Walter  has  long  been  known 
as  an  enthusiastic  collector  of  Morlands, 
we  opened  this  book  with  mixed  feelings. 
After  having  read  it  carefully  through,  we 
are  bound  to  admit  that  it  comes  as  a 
pleasant  surprise.  It  is  far  and  away  the 
best  of  the  many  books  on  Morland.  The 
authors  have  had  to  depend  for  their  facts 
upon  the  four  biographies  of  the  artist 
to  which  reference  was  made  in  The 
Athenceum  of  November  16th  last ;  but 
they  have  realized  the  necessity  of  testing 
their  authorities,  and  scarcely  a  single 
fact  or  anecdote  is  repeated  without 
being  thoroughly  sifted  :  in  the  pro- 
cess, some  have  been  proved  false,  others 


doubtful,  and  many  have  had  to  be 
modified.  We  have  therefore  for  the 
first  time  a  plain,  unvarnished  Morland, 
a  just  estimate  of  his  character  as  an 
artist  and  a  man. 

In  our  notice  of  two  new  Morland  books 
last  November  we  pointed  out  that  neither 
author  had  made  sufficient  research  ;  but 
this  charge  cannot  be  urged  against  the 
volume  before  us.  The  present  pair  of 
writers  have  settled  a  number  of  points 
on  which  the  earlier  biographers  were 
at  variance,  and  which  the  later  ones 
did  not  investigate.  For  instance,  Mor- 
land's  studentship  at  the  Royal  Academy 
in  1784  has  been  ascertained  by  reference 
to  the  Register  of  the  Academy  Schools. 
The  Register  of  St.  Paul's  Church,  Ham- 
mersmith, proves  that  Morland  was 
married  on  September  22nd,  1786,  and 
not  in  July,  as  stated  by  Dawe ;  a  docu- 
ment in  the  Record  Office  shows  that  the 
artist  assumed  the  Head-Constableship  of 
St.  Pancras  Ward  in  1787  ;  and  other 
official  records  have  been  examined  with 
success.  Indeed,  every  page  bears  evi- 
dence of  careful  research  and  competent 
scholarship. 

The  chief  thing  which  we  regret  in 
connexion  with  the  book  is  that  more 
space  is  not  given  to  the  collections  of 
Morland  which  were  formed  in  his  life- 
time. As  many  of  the  pictures  in  these 
collections  were  described  in  one  or  other 
of  the  earlier  Morland  biographies,  this 
would  not  have  been  a  difficult  matter, 
and  the  value  of  such  a  rehabilitation 
would  have  been  great  to  Morland  col- 
lectors. Some  of  these  collections  were 
named  in  The  Athenceum,  and,  in  par- 
ticular, that  of  Charles  Chatfield  of 
Camberwell,  the  owner  of  the  Morland 
Gallery  which  for  several  months  attracted 
visitors  to  Macklin's  Great  Room  in 
Fleet  Street  in  1805.  We  mention  this 
collection  because  in  a  note  on  p.  107 
our  authors  quote  Hassell  as  saying  that 
George  Morland  finished  the  picture  '  A 
Lady's  Maid  Ironing '  which  his  father 
began.  This  is  an  off-hand  reference  to 
one  of  the  most  remarkable  instances  of 
collaboration  in  the  history  of  early 
English  art.  The  picture  was  in  the 
Chatfield  Collection,  and  was  sold  at  his 
sale  in  1807  (as  the  joint  work  of  father 
and  son)  for  a  small  sum — we  think 
40  guineas — and  again  at  Christie's  (as 
the  work  of  the  father)  on  December  4th, 
1897,  for  3,250  guineas,  a  plate  of  it 
appearing  in  the  sale  catalogue.  The 
picture  is  now  in  a  famous  London  collec- 
tion, and  soon  after  its  recent  sale  was 
engraved  under  the  erroneous  title  of 
'  Countess  of  Coventry.' 

We  are  glad  to  notice  the  definite 
statement  that  there  are  no  Morlands 
in  the  Duke  of  Westminster's  collection, 
beyond  a  portrait  of  Richard,  Earl 
Grosvenor  (pp.  36-7).  In  spite,  however, 
of  the  authors'  acquiescence,  we  still  refuse 
to  believe  the  story  that  Romney  ever 
offered  to  take  Morland  as  an  apprentice 
at  300/.  per  year.  The  proposition  is 
absurd,  for  Morland  had  already  served 
one  apprenticeship  of  five  years  with 
his  father.     We  do  not  agree  that  "  for 


half  a  century  or  more,  say  until  1750, 
art  in  England  was  practically  in  the 
hands  of  aliens "  (p.  vi).  Highmore, 
Hudson,  Hogarth,  and  Cotes — to  men- 
tion only  a  few — were  not  aliens. 

Sir  Walter  Gilbey  and  Mr.  Cuming 
have  so  successfully  set  themselves 
against  the  temptation  to  rest  on  broken 
reeds  that  we  are  disappointed  to  find 
them  reprinting,  even  with  additions, 
Mr.  Ralph  Richardson's  lists  of  Morland 
engravings.  They  would  have  added 
an  invaluable  section  to  their  book  if 
they  had  thrown  the  engravings  into 
one  alphabetical  list,  with  sizes,  dates, 
engravers'  and  publishers'  names  :  this 
would  have  done  away  with  the  necessity 
for  the  repetitions  in  the  second  list  of 
engravings  in  the  British  Museum.  The 
weakest  feature  of  the  book  is  the  apology 
for  an  index,  which,  in  a  work  of  this  kind, 
should  include  every  proper  name  and 
every  picture  referred  to  ;  but  there  are 
nearly  300  pages  here  with  an  index  to 
just  100  names. 

There  are  various  slips  even  in  this 
carefully  compiled  book.  There  was  no 
such  person  as  "  Sir "  Benjamin  West 
(p.  7)  ;  Mr.  "  Webb  "  (p.  84)  is  an  obvious 
slip  for  Wedd,  who  frequently  figures  in 
these  pages  ;  and  Mrs.  Frankau  is  con- 
stantly alluded  to  as  Miss  Frankau. 
Tupman  the  watchmaker  (p.  121)  was 
probably  the  George  Tupman  mentioned 
in  Britten's  '  Old  Clocks  and  Watches 
and  their  Makers '  as  residing  in  Vigo 
Street  in  1790,  and  afterwards  in  Charles 
Street,  Grosvenor  Square. 

We  have  nothing  but  praise  for  the 
illustrations.  The  fifty  pictures  have  been 
selected  with  excellent  judgment  from 
undoubted  originals  in  the  possession  of 
Sir  Walter  Gilbey,  Sir  Edward  Tennant, 
Mr.  T.  J.  Barratt,  Mr.  Lockett  Agnew, 
and  others,  and  reproduced  in  colours 
with  a  fidelity  to  the  originals  which  is 
amazing. 


The  main  purpose  of  Heraldry  as  Art,  by 
G.  W.  Eve  (B.  T.  Batsford),  is  apparently 
to  serve  as  a  "  trade  catalogue "  of  tho 
well-known  engraver  of  book-plates  and 
designer  of  heraldic  decorations  whose  name 
appears  on  the  title-page,  a  considerable 
percentage  of  the  large  illustrations  being 
from  examples  of  his  own  works.  Tho 
book  contains  some  three  hundred  pages, 
mostly  made  up  of  the  elementary  chapters 
which  appear  in.  the  work  of  every  writer 
on  heraldry  who  has  not  got  beyond  the 
limits  of  tho  curront  handbooks.  Whatever 
ideas  Mr.  Eve's  work  contains  beyond 
these  are  already  available  in  the  pub- 
lished writings  of  several  well  -  known 
antiquaries  who  have  tried  to  rescuo 
English  heraldry  from  tho  degradation 
into  which  it  has  fallen  since  early 
Tudor  times.  Mr.  Eve's  hook,  neverthelt 
has  its  usoful  points,  and  in  many  ways  it  is 
as  good  a  work  as  any  other  manual  at 
present  in  tho  fiold  for  the  beginner  in 
heraldic  art.  Many  of  the  larger  illustra- 
tions are  well  choson,  but  tin-  author  need 
not  have  gone  outside  England  for  beautiful 
examples,  and  he  would)  we  think,  im- 
prove  his  own  style*  by  following  more 
closely  the  admirable  methods  adopted  by 
Pugin  and  Powell  in  the  decorations  of  the 
new  buildings  of  tho  l'alaco  of  Westminster. 


2MJ 


T  II  E     AT  II  KNiEUM 


No.  4193,  ICibch  7,  1908 


•■  PAIR    WOMEN   '     M    THE    MEW 
<;  LLLERY, 

'I'll!      I   .       SKATIOKAL   BOOXBTT   OF   SCUI.P- 
PAIMTKB8,     LOT    GbAVBRS    shows    b\ 

this  exhibition  that,  whatever  its  merits 
or  demerits  as  a  body  of  artists,  it  has  in 
iKs  ranks  soino  excellent  organizers.  It 
has  produced  a  most  striking  show,  which 
every  one  interested  in  art  should  visit, 
because  it  offers  the  rare  opportunity 
of  seeing  side  by  sido  fine  work  of  differont 
schools,  and  comparing  the  prosent  genera- 
tion with  the  one  immediately  preceding 
it.  We  could  wish  that  such  occasions 
were  more  frequent,  because  they  tend  to 
disperse  misunderstanding.  It  is  but  fair, 
too,  to  the  younger  generation  that  they 
should  sometimes  be  ablo  to  show  pictures 
on  equal  terms  alongside  of  older  works, 
which,  seen  through  the  haze  of  years  or 
originally  appearing  in  favourable  circum- 
stances, tend  to  become  magnified  to  heroic 
proportions. 

Two  pictures  here,  which  on  their  former 
appearance  were  hailed,  for  different  reasons, 
as  masterpieces  of  their  respective  painters, 
will  perhaps  leave  this  court  of  revision 
stripped  of  a  little  of  the  flattery  of  time 
and  circumstance  ;  indeed,  the  general  effect 
of  such  revision  is  to  make  us  regret  once 
more  the  extremes  of  popularity  and  neglect 
with  which  living  artists  are  treated.  Here 
are  many  paintings  excellent  in  one  way 
or  another  ;  and  although  they  differ 
widely,  they  usually  command  respect 
from  representatives  of  every  faction  ; 
but  the  pictures  which  have  from  time  to 
time  been  voted  pre-eminent  do  net  hold 
their  position  with  the  same  security  of 
tenure.  None  of  these  rouses  us  to  quite 
proportionate  enthusiasm. 

Had  we  possessed  a  public  attaching 
more  value  to  the  intrinsic  excellence  of 
a  picture  than  the  oelebrity  of  the  name 
in  its  corner,  the  late  Frank  Potter  might 
not  have  died  in  indigence  when  but  half 
of  his  normal  career  was  run.  Two  of  the 
four  pictures  by  this  artist  here  (312,  320, 
321,  322)  are  hung  too  high  to  be  properly 
seen,  and  it  may  be  that,  when  the  exhibition 
has  run  part  of  its  course,  the  Council  will 
bring  one  of  them  down  to  the  place  now 
occupied  by  the  inferior  head  by  Lenbach. 
Even  as  it  is,  we  can  realize  their  singular  and 
serious  charm,  and  appreciate  the  suitability 
of  hanging  them  alongside  of  two  examples 
by  the  accomplished  Belgian  Alfred  Stevens. 
There  is  a  strong  kinship  between  these 
painters,  Stevens  being  the  more  precise  and 
dainty,  the  more  akin  to  little  seventeenth- 
oentury  Dutch  masters  ;  Potter  more  imbued 
with  the  poetry  of  his  subject,  and  inclined  to 
colour-schemes  of  more  reverberating  force. 
He  was  too  emotional  to  paint  a  piano 
in  so  matter-of-fact  a  fashion  as  Stevens 
does  in  a  Lady  at  the  Piano  (313),  or  to  give 
a  head  the  papery,  artificial  look  that  mars 
the  Lady  in  WJiite  (318)  ;  but  perhaps 
the  same  cause  prevented  him  from  attaining 
the  executive  perfection  of  tho  best  passages 
in  these  charming  works.  Tho  other  pic- 
tures on  this  wall  hardly  vise  to  the  level 
of  soriousness  and  thoroughness  of  the  work 
of  these  two  painters.  Two  pictures  by 
Burne-Jones  (316,  319)  and  one  by  Rossotti 
(317)  are  pleasing  enough,  but  shallow ; 
and  the  little  Matthew  Maris  (314)  belongs 
somewhat  to  tho  same  category.  Mr. 
Sauter's  pictures,  too,  look  thin  and  inade- 
quate. Only  An  Unfinished  Study  (307) 
by  Mr.  William  Rothenstein  stands  the 
comparison.  The  artist  was  wise  to  leave 
it,  for  it  shows  him  at  a  time  when  a  close 
harmony  subsisted  between  brain  and  hand. 
The  picture  soems  to  have  painted  itself. 


To   the   right    of   tin-   group   of   picture! 
:  careful  rather  meagre  study  (251)  by 
Mr.    .).     \\\     Alexander,    which    oontr 
trangely  with  the  oasy,  confident  pictu 

\\<>  are  accustomed  to  see  from  him  in  Paris, 
where,  to  the  admiration  of  his  patrons 
ho  tosses  dainty  dresses  on  to  a  canvas 
with  tho  lightest  of  hands.  M.  Carolus 
Duran  once  a  more  robust,  if  more  vulgar 
master  of  tho  splendours  of  the  toilet — is 
represented  by  a  work  from  that  period, 
Madame  Henri  Fouquie  as  Madame  Ernest 
Feydcau  (255).  It  has  a  great  deal  of  force, 
and  on  its  larger  scale  recalls  tho  onamol-liko 
impasto  of  which  Stevens  had  the  secret. 
Mr.  Greiffenhagen  in  his  Miss  Sybil  Walker 
(254)  and  Mrs.  Buckley  (257)  shows  more 
power  of  docorative  design,  but  not  the 
same  handsomeness  of  material.  There 
is  a  little  of  the  same  difficulty  in  Mr.  Steer's 
large  portrait  of  Mrs.  Hammersley  (258), 
which  it  is  interesting  to  seo  once  more. 
There  is  impasto  enough  in  all  conscience, 
but  no  advantage  is  won  from  it  in  this 
fretted,  worried  picture,  which  yet  betrays 
a  certain  nobility  of  intention  for  all  its 
flimsiness. 

A  moral  flimsiness  besets  all  the  modern 
ladies  who  (as  portrayed  by  Mr.  Lavery 
and  Mr.  Charles  Shannon)  flank  the  great 
portrait  of  the  Hon.  Mrs.  Wyndham  (278) 
by  G.  F.  Watts.  Here  is,  at  any  rate, 
the  presentment  of  a  lady  who  looks  a 
worthy  ancestress  for  a  noblo  family,  and 
by  its  amplitude  and  its  tranquillity  of  pose 
it  remains  an  impressive  portrait  ;  but 
those  admirers  who  have  exalted  it  as  the 
perfect  example  of  modern  portraiture, 
and  have  evoked  the  name  of  Titian  to 
describe  its  splendours,  may  well  feel  qualms 
about  it  as  a  piece  of  painting.  The  execu- 
tion is  a  patching  together  of  fragments 
not  very  finely  related,  except  as  a  linear 
design.  The  face  is  hard,  and  wanting 
in  play  of  colour,  for  all  the  sudden  variations 
of  local  colour  which  separate  the  neck 
from  it  in  brusque  and  arbitrary  fashion. 
On  the  other  hand,  the  white  drapery  is 
over-varied  in  hue,  and  the  whole  chromatic 
scheme  is  rather  an  affair  of  anxious  com- 
promise than  the  natural  outcome  of  instinc- 
tive insight  into  the  laws  of  colour.  A  fine 
picture  it  undoubtedly  is,  but  it  does  not 
proclaim  the  overpowering  superiority  it 
should  in  presence  of  the  not  very  strong, 
but  technically  graceful  paintings  by  G. 
Ricard  (272,  273,  274)  or  the  large  Portrait 
of  Madame  Helene  C.  (275)  which  is  so 
unusual  an  example  of  the  art  of  Monticelli. 
The  latter,  evidently  inspired  by  Rembrandt, 
makes  us  regret  that  raw  sienna  contains 
such  a  large  percentage  of  oil,  so  that  a 
picture  principally  painted  with  it  gains 
a  horny,  unpleasant  surface ;  the  former 
are  somewhat  frail  in  their  delicacy, 
but  both  artists  come  out  better  from  the 
ordeal  than  could  be  expected.  Appearing 
for  tho  third  time  in  tho  Society's  exhibi- 
tions, Renoir's  Portrait  de  Madame  M. 
(282)  makes  clear  to  us  the  shortcomings 
of  Watts' s  •  Mrs.  Wyndham,'  because  it 
deals  with  a  colour-scheme  equally  rich  and 
varied,  and  shows  infinitely  more  spontaneity 
and  sense  of  control. 

We  have  still  to  notice  some  of  the 
important  exhibits  in  this  West  Room. 
Mr.  Lavery  and  Mr.  Shannon  are  a  little 
overpowered  in  this  brilliant  assembly, 
but  both  are  seen  to  more  advantage  than 
lias  latterly  been  the  case  :  the  former  in 
Mrs.  Landon  Ronald  (207)  and  Miss  Auras 
(271)  ;  tho  latter  in  Miss  Lillah  MacCarthy 
(80)  and  Mrs.  Patrick  Campbell  (287). 
We  regret  to  see  Mr.  George  Lambert 
exaggerating  the  moretricious  brilliance 
of  his  last-exhibited  pictures  in  a  portrait 
of   Miss   Amy   Hal  ford    (300),   which   looks 


MTV  frivolous  by  comparison  with  the  fine 
Portrait  of  Madame  Carriere  (305)  by  If. 
Eugene  Carri  .'•-.  The  Young  lAidy  Playing 
•i  Mandoline  (284)  by  Corot,  and  tin  /.<Wy 
Constance  Leslie  (291)  by  Sir  John  Loslie 
are  modest,  excellent  works  ;  while  Mr. 
William  Nicholson's  Souvenir  de  Marie.  (300) 
is  in  its  way  a  little  masterpiece.  None  of 
his  portraits  has  the  charm  of  this  still-life 
— a  heap  of  feminine  belongings  rendered  with 
a  delicacy  and  insight  into  the  Structure 
of  colour,  worthy  of  the  highest  praise. 
It  is  on  a  graduated  series  of  studies  in  this 
supposedly  humble  branch  of  art  that  Mr. 
Nicholson  has  built  his  knowledge  of  paint- 
ing. That  foundation  is  not  sufficient  for 
all  requirements,  but  it  has  put  him  alone 
among  English  painters  for  certain  qualities 
of  silvery  tone. 

We  trust  that  before  the  exhibition  closes 
we  may  bo  privileged  to  see  Watts' s  '  Hon. 
Mrs.  Wyndham  '  hung  among  the  Sargents 
in  the  North  Room.  Lady  Elcho,  Lady 
Tennant,  and  Mrs.  Adeane  (341)  was  on  its 
exhibition  at  the  Academy  received  with 
an  enthusiasm  which  might  in  time  give  the 
picture  a  reputation  analogous  to  that  of  the 
other.  Its  scenic  qualities  then  appeared 
at  their  best.  Here  it  is  eclipsed  in  artistic 
interest  by  an  earlier  work  by  the  same 
painter,  the  Portrait,  No.  344,  which  has  a 
calm  and  continuity  of  form  by  comparison 
with  which  the  other  is  hacked  and  jerky. 
The  picture  suffers  somewhat  from  the  fact 
that  while  the  head  and  figure  belong  to 
a  woman  lithe,  sensitive,  delicate,  the  arti-t 
has  represented  her  with  thick  hands  which 
have  a  disagreeable,  plebeian  look.  The 
portrait  has  been  compared  to  those  of 
Piero  della  Francesca  because  of  the  clear- 
cut  profile,  almost  emptied  of  modelling. 
It  is  rather  a  demonstration  how  by  natural 
lighting  an  effect  might  be  obtained  analog- 
ous to  Piero's  convention,  and  Mr.  Sargent's 
task  was  as  much  more  difficult  than  that 
of  the  earlier  painter  as  Piero's  performance 
was  more  decorative  than  that  of  the  English- 
man. At  the  same  time  this  is  a  beautiful 
work,  and  it  reminds  us  that  if  Mr.  Sargent 
is  the  typical  painter  of  the  dajr,  it  is  not 
entirely  because  we  have  come  to  accept 
his  standards.  It  is  a  little  because  he  has 
grown  content  with  ours. 

If  Mr.  Sargent  is  outshone,  and  the  bulk 
of  his  exhibits  made  to  appear  vulgar, 
it  is  due  to  the  comparison  which  he  thus 
himself  supplies,  for  the  other  portraits  in  the 
room  are  not  first-rate,  despite  a  brave  array 
of  names.  Fantin-Latour,  Millais.  Leigh- 
ton,  Regnault,  Courtois,  Francois  Flameng. 
Charles  Furse,  and  Mr.  Augustus  John 
offer  a  list  that  tempts  curiosity  :  but  the 
actual  collection  does  not  adequately  repre- 
sent any  of  them.  Nor  is  the  small  room 
devoted  to  drawings  up  to  the  high  level 
of  the  pictures  wo  have  been  considering. 
The  drawings  by  Mr.  John  are  not  on  the 
whole  so  good  as  those  recently  shown 
at  the  Carfax  Gallery  :  while  the  well-known 
unfinished  picture  by  Ford  Madox  Brown, 
Take  your  Son,  Sir  (80),  shows  that  great 
man  in  his  more  sordid  vein  of  realism. 
The  Whistler  lithographs  are  trifles,  and  not 
all  of  them  wonderful  trifles.  Indeed,  it 
is  a  collection  made  up  of  a  little  bit  of  every- 
thing. Mr.  Strang's  etchings  give  it  a 
tinge  of  soriousness.  Mr.  Sargent's  charcoal 
drawings  cheapen  it  considerably. 


THE     BRITISH     SCHOOL     AT     ROME. 

An  open  meeting  (the  second  of  the 
present  season)  was  held  in  the  library  of 
the  British  School  at  Rome  on  Friday, 
January  28th,  and  was  well  attended.  Sir 
Edwin    Egerton,    the    British    Ambassador, 


No.  4193,  March  7,  1908 


THE    ATHENAEUM 


297 


was  among  those  present ;  the  audience  also 
included  Italian  and  foreign  archaeologists, 
and  many  British  visitors  to  and  residents 
in  Rome. 

Dr.  Duncan  Mackenzie,  Associate,  honoris 
<ausa,  of  the  School,  read  a  paper  upon  the 
'  Tombs  of  the  Giants  in  their  Relation  to 
the  Nuraghi  of  Sardinia,'  his  remarks  being 
illustrated  by  lantern-slides.  The  paper 
■embodied  the  results  of  a  journey  to  Sardinia 
in  the  autumn  of  1907  under  the  auspices  of 
the  British  School  at  Rome,  on  part  of 
which  he  was  accompanied  by  the  Director, 
Dr.  Thomas  Ashby.  After  expressing  his 
thanks  to  the  local  archaeological  authorities  ; 
to  the  Carnegie  Trustees  for  the  Universities 
of  Scotland,  under  whose  auspices  ho  had 
:first  visited  the  island  in  1906  ;  and  to  Sir 
Edwin  Egerton  and  the  Hon.  T.  A.  Brassey 
ior  their  assistance  to  the  work  of  the 
School  in  Sardinia,  he  proceeded  to  describe 
Iris  observations. 

The  nuraghi — of  which  it  has  been  com- 
puted that  over  5,000  can  still  be  traced  in 
the  island,  many  of  them  still  remarkably 
•well  preserved — are  massive,  circular,  tower- 
like structures  not  less  than  30  ft.  in  dia- 
meter at  the  base  and  in  height.  They  are 
built  of  rough  unhewn  stones,  and  therefore 
taper  considerably.  The  interior  contains 
at  least  one  circular  chamber,  generally 
two,  and  sometimes  three,  roofed  by  the 
gradual  inclination  of  their  sides  ;  when 
there  are  more  chambers  than  one,  they  are 
arranged  one  over  the  other,  and  are  reached 
by  a  spiral  stair  in  the  thickness  of  the  wall. 
Often  subsidiary  chambers,  bastions,  out- 
works, &c,  are  added  to  the  nucleus,  the 
plan  of  which  is,  however,  always  as 
described.  Their  purpose  has  been  much 
discussed,  but  it  seems  most  probable  that 
they  were  fortified  habitations.  That  thoy 
belonged  to  the  prehistoric  period  is  certain. 
Contemporary  with  them,  as  has  been 
proved  by  the  objects  found  in  both,  were 
the  so-called  "  tombs  of  the  giants."  These 
consist  of  a  chamber,  the  length  of  which 
varies  from  about  fi  to  12,  15,  or  even  18 
yards,  while  its  height  and  width  are  about 
.3  to  3§  ft.  In  front  of  it  is  often  (perhaps 
it  was  always  present,  but  in  many  cases  it 
is  not  preserved)  a  standing  slab,  with  a 
small  rectangular  opening  in  it  into  the 
chamber,  and  from  this  start  two  wing  walls, 
enclosing  a  semicircular  area  in  front  of 
the  tomb.  An  enclosure  wall,  having  an 
apselike  curve  at  the  back  of  the  chamber, 
runs  parallel  to  the  inner  walls  of  the 
chamber,  and  the  curving  walls  of  the 
frontal  semicircle  :  this  served  as  a  support 
for  the  mound  of  earth  which  originally 
covered  the  whole.  These  tombs  were 
derived  from  the  dolmen  tombs,  and  tho 
earlier  ones  aro  still  constructed  of  upright 
slabs,  and  roofed  with  flat  slabs  :  the  later 
ones  have  walls  of  ashlar  masonry — a 
particular  borrowed  from  the  nuraghi — but 
are  still  roofed  in  the  same  way. 

Dr.  Mackenzie  succeodod  in  finding  several 
instances  in  various  parts  of  the  island — 
in  the  centro,  near  Sorgono,  just  to  tho  west 
of  the  mountain  group  of  Gennargentu,  the 
highest  in  Sardinia  ;  at  Lanusei,  nearer  tho 
east  coast  ;  at  Bororo,  again  in  the  centro, 
but  some  way  to  tho  north-west  of  Sorgono  ; 
and  at  Iglosias,  in  tho  south-west  part  of  the 
island — in  which  one  of  these  tombs  is 
found  in  closo  juxtaposition  to,  and  in 
obvious  relation  with,  a  nuraghe  :  in  many 
cases,  indeed,  there  aro  no  other  monuments 
in  tho  vicinity.  The  obvious  conclusion  is 
that  theso  tombs,  which  havo  acquired  their 
popular  name  from  the  belief  that  they 
served  to  contain  one  gigantic  body,  were 
really  family  tombs,  in  which  the  corpses 
wore  placed  transversely  in  a  sitting  posture, 
each  belonging  to  the  nuraghe  below,  and 


in  sight  of,  which  it  is  found.  It  is 
generally  the  case  that  the  nuraghe  occupies 
a  position  of  considerable  natural  strength, 
while  the  tomb  occupies  a  low  knoll,  easily 
visible  indeed,  but  with  no  strategic  ad- 
vantages. In  some  cases,  smaller  circular 
buildings — dwellings  no  doubt — are  grouped 
round  the  principal  nuraghe,  and  enclosed 
by  a  wall  of  circumvallation  ;  and  in  the 
case  near  Iglesias  (discovered  by  the  local 
inspector  of  antiquities,  Cav.  I.  Sanfilippo) 
these  circular  huts  are  so  numerous  as  to 
constitute  a  prehistoric  town.  But  even  here 
the  giant's  tomb  corresponding  to  the 
nuraghe  which  dominates  the  settlement 
stands  alone,  with  no  tombs  of  a  similar 
character  near  it ;  and  it  is  a  question,  as  yet 
undecided,  what  were  the  methods  of  burial 
adopted  by  the  inhabitants  of  these  smaller 
dwellings.  In  any  case,  the  juxtaposition 
of  these  two  types  of  monuments  renders 
more  than  ever  untenable  the  theory 
according  to  which  the  nuraghi  are  them- 
selves to  be  considered  as  places  of  burial  ; 
for  then  it  would  indeed  be  difficult  to  say 
what  were  the  habitations  of  the  living, 
or  to  explain  the  coexistence  of  these  two 
types  of  tombs. 

The  Rev.  Father  P.  P.  Mackey,  O.P., 
who  had  himself  explored  a  considerable 
portion  of  the  island,  cited  an  interesting 
allusion  to  these  "  tombs  of  the  giants  "  in 
Aristotle,  where  he  speaks  of  the  "  giants 
who  sleep  in  Sardinia,"  showing  tho  anti- 
quity of  the  popular  name. 

The  Director,  in  conveying  the  thanks  of 
the  audience  to  Dr.  Mackenzie  for  his  inter- 
esting paper,  expressed  the  hope  that  the 
exploration  undertaken  by  the  School  in 
Sardinia,  and  by  Dr.  Mackenzie,  under  the 
auspices  of  the  Carnegie  Trustees,  in  Corsica 
and  the  Balearic  Islands,  might  lead  to  a 
comparative  study  of  the  early  civilizations 
of  the  Western  Mediterranean  similar  to 
that  which  British  scholars  have  been 
carrying  on  in  the  Eastern,  and  might 
produce  interesting  and  important  parallels 
with  the  prehistoric  monuments  of  our  own 
islands.  He  particularly  expressed  the  hope 
that  British  excavation  in  Malta  might 
before  long  be  undertaken. 


THE    BRITISH   SCHOOL   AT   ATHENS. 

Mr.  F.  W.  Ha?iatck  laid  before  the 
meeting  on  February  21st  the  results  of  an 
expedition  to  Chios  made  with  the  special 
object  of  chronicling  the  Italian  monuments 
of  the  island,  which  was  a  Genoese  colony 
from  1346  to  1566.  Besides  a  number  of 
inscriptions  dating  from  this  period,  he  was 
fortunate  in  discovering  throe  marble  slabs, 
originally  lintels  for  doorways,  with  reliefs  of 
St.  George  and  the  Dragon,  the  Annunciation, 
and  the  Triumphal  Entry  ;  theso  subjects  are 
in  every  case  flanked  by  the  armorial  bear- 
ings of  the  Justiniani  of  Genoa,  a  three- 
towered  castle  surmounted  by  an  imperial 
eagle.  Both  workmanship  and  subjects 
connect  those  reliefs  with  the  artist-family 
of  Gaggini,  which  was  active  in  Genoa  from 
about  1450,  and  to  which  is  attributed  a 
long  series  of  Genoese  lintels  with  similar 
reliefs.  St.  George,  as  tho  patron  of  the 
city,  is  an  especially  favourite  subject  ;  the 
Annunciation  occurs  in  a  Genoese  relief 
now  at  South  Kensington  ;  while  the  ('Irian 
'  Triumphal  Entry,'  though  apparently  a 
new  subjoct  in  the  Gaggini  repertory,  shows 
marked  resemblanees  in   Composition   to  the 

'  Adoration    of    the    Magi '    by    Giovanni 
Caggini  still  in  Mtu  at  Oenoa. 

Mr.  ('.  Dickins  gave  an  account  of  (he 
excavation  by  (he  School  n(  the  Bite  of  (he 
snnrdiary  of  Athena  Chalciosotw-Poliuchus, 
on    the    Acropolis   at    Spnr(a  :     the  site   lias 


been  fully  identified  by  tile-stamps  and 
votive  inscriptions.  Of  the  sanctuary  Pau- 
sanias  tells  us  that  it  was  founded  by 
Tyndareus,  and  refounded  by  Gitiadas,  who 
made  the  bronze  image  of  the  goddess  and 
lined  the  walls  of  the  temple  with  bronze 
plaques.  Excavation  has  revealed  traces 
of  two  distinct  periods  in  the  history  of 
the  sanctuary.  The  first  is  indicated  by  a 
"  Geometric "  stratum  ;  the  second  by  a 
series  of  objects  dating  from  the  sixth 
century  b.c.  down  to  Imperial  times.  The 
date  of  Gitiadas  seems  thus  to  be  referred 
to  the  sixth  rather  than  the  fifth  century, 
and  indeed  the  character  of  Ms  work  at 
Sparta  points  to  a  period  of  strong  Oriental 
influence.  The  sanctuary  consisted  of  a 
small  building  (oiK-qua)  surrounded  by  a 
walled  enclosure.  Of  the  former  no  certain 
remains  have  been  found  ;  of  the  enclosure 
the  south  wall  survives.  Though  the  site 
was  built  over  in  late  Roman  times,  a  deposit 
of  ex-votos  was  preserved  in  the  soil  sup- 
ported by  the  temenos  wall,  and  has  yielded 
many  objects  of  interest.  Among  the  dis- 
coveries are  the  greater  part  of  a  fine 
Panathenaic  amphora,  bronze  nails  and 
parts  of  plaques,  presumably  remains  of  the 
decoration  of  the  temple  by  Gitiadas  ;  and 
a  series  of  bronze  statuettes,  of  which  the 
most  remarkable  are  a  fifth-century  figure 
of  a  trumpeter,  about  6  in.  high  and  well 
preserved,  and  two  copies  of  archaic  xoana, 
probably  of  Athena  Chalcioecus  herself. 
The  second  half  of  the  enclosure  has  still 
to  be  excavated,  and  will  form  one  of  the 
chief  objects  of  this  season's  work. 


SALE. 

Messrs.  Christie  sold  last  Saturday  the  fol" 
lowing.  Pictures :  Lawrence,  Richard  Brinsley 
Sheridan,  in  blue  coat,  white  vest  and  stock,  grey 
breeches,  holding  a  stick  in  his  left  hand,  546/. 
Early  British  School,  Miss  Mary  Ann  Eycott,  in 
white  dress  with  pink  sash,  seated  upon  a  bank, 
and  her  brother,  Henry  Eycott,  standing  by  her 
side,  535/.  Rembrandt,  Titus,  the  artist's  son,  ir. 
brown  dress  and  large  black  hat,  seated,  215/. 
Cooper  Henderson,  The  Leeds  Mail,  and  the  South 
Mail  (a  pair),  189/.  J.  van  Huysom,  Fruit  and 
Flowers  on  a  Sculptured  Pedestal,  115/. 


JFtiu-^rt  (gossip. 

Two  recent  additions  have  been  made 
to  the  National  Gallery  :  a  '  Portrait  of 
Jacqueline  de  Bourgogne '  (No.  2211)  by 
Mabuse,  and  a  '  Magdalon  '  (No.  2163)  by 
an  unknown  painter  of  the  Antwerp  School. 
Tho  former  was  seen  at  the  Golden  Fleece 
Exhibition  last  summer,  and  at  (he  salo  of 
the  collection  of  its  late  owner  in  Paris, 
in  January,  it  was  purchased  from  a  fund 
bequeathed  by  tho  late  Mr.  Francis  Clarke. 
The  inscription  seems  difficult  to  decipher. 
The  latter  was  acquired  privately  out  of 
the  interest  of  a  fund  bequeathed  by  (he 
late  Mr.  T.  D.  Lewis,  and  is  another  happy 
purchase  by  means  of  that  bequest.  Both 
pictures  hang  on  the  north  wall  of  the 
Early  Flemish  Room. 

Messrs.  Chatto  &  Wixius  send  us  the 
prospectus  of  three  important  works  on 
art  by  specialists,  for  which  they  are  (he 
English  agen(s.  Prof.  Pol  de  Mont  is  writing 
on  '  Early  Painters  of  (ho  Netherlands 
from  (In-  Van  Eycb  to  Pieter  Brueghel 
the  Elder,'  Dr.  Max  Friedlander  on  '  Early 
German  Painters  from  Meister  Wilhelm 
of  Cologne  to  Adam  Elshoimer,'  and  Dr. 
Wilhelm  Bode  on  '  Italian  Painters  of  the 
Quattrocento     and     Cinquecento.1       These 

works    nre    to    be    issued    in    parts,    and    tho 

separation  of  the  plates  from  the  text  renders 


298 


T  II  E     ATHKNiEUM 


No.  4193. 


M aim ib  7,  1908 


it  poaribie  to  frame  the  formar.  The  English 
edition  is  limited  (<>  <)".«  hundred  oopiei 
in   each   oaea,   of  which   Bfty  aro  for  tins 

iniiitrv.  end  fifty  for  America. 

'I'm:  Seventy-Ninth  Annual  Exhibition  of 
the  Royal  Hibernian  Academy  was  oponod 
on  the  2nd  inst.  by  the  Lord  Lieutenant. 
Amongst  tin*  prinoipa]  exhibitors  are  Mr. 
Nathaniel  Hone,  whose  richness  of  observa- 
tion and  fino  qualities  of  design  aro  shown 
in  his  two  larpo  landscapes,  Nos.  16  and  21  ; 
and  Mr.  William  Orpen,  whose  portrait  of 
General  Lawson  is  the  finest  in  the  exhibi- 
tion. Mr.  Dermod  O'Brien,  Miss  Harrison, 
and  Mr.  Leech  also  show  good  work  ;  and 
amongst  the  younger  portrait  painters  Miss 
Clare  Marsh,  Miss  Eva  Hamilton,  and  Miss 
Swanzy  are  perhaps  the  most  noteworthy. 

At  the  distribution  of  prizes  to  the  stu- 
dents of  the  Dublin  School  of  Art  last  week 
some  useful  suggestions  were  made  by  the 
Head  Master  and  Mr.  T.  W.  Russell,  as 
to  the  establishment  of  artistic  crafts  in 
Ireland.  The  School  has  taken  an  im- 
portant part  in  the  revival  of  the  lace- 
making  and  stained-glass  industries  ;  and  it 
is  now  suggested  that  pottery  and  work  in 
silk  should  be  encouraged  in  Ireland, 
and  that  the  students  in  the  School  should 
be  specially  trained  in  the  arts  of  design. 

The  annual  exhibition  of  the  Water- 
Colour  Society  of  Ireland  is  now  open  in 
Dublin.  Amongst  the  exhibitors  are  Lady 
Butler,  Miss  Rose  Barton,  Miss  Mildred 
Butler,  Mr.  B.  McGuinness,  and  Mr.  Percy 
French. 

A  course  of  four  lectures  with  lantern- 
slides  on  '  The  Painting  and  Sculpture  of 
China  and  Japan,'  by  Mr.  Laurence  Binyon, 
is  to  be  given  at  the  Albert  Hall  on  Thursday 
afternoons,  March  19th  and  26th,  April  2nd 
and  9th.  The  subjects  are  '  China  in  the 
Twelfth  Century,'  '  The  Growth  of  a  National 
Art  in  Japan,'  '  The  Chinese  Renaissance 
in  Japan,'  and  '  The  Later  Art  of  China 
and  Japan.'  Tickets  may  be  obtained  from 
Messrs.  Carfax  &  Co.,  24,  Bury  Street, 
St.  James's. 

The  Berlin  National  Museum  has 
acquired  several  pictures  by  leading  French 
artists  of  the  "  Ecole  de  1830,"  among  them 
two  landscapes  of  Theodore  Rousseau, 
'  La  Medee '  of  Eugene  Delacroix,  and  one 
of  Troy  on' s  most  important  works,  '  La 
Vallee  de  la  Touque.' 

The  gigantic  task  of  illustrating  every  inci- 
dent in  the  career  of  Don  Quixote  was  inter- 
rupted in  1903  by  the  death  of  Jimenez 
Aranda,  who  left  137  drawings  and  552 
sketches,  to  which  the  artist's  brother 
Luis  Jimenez  (he  renamed  himself  thus  to 
prevent  confusion  with  his  more  famous 
brother)  added  37.  These  726  illustrations 
deal  exclusively  with  the  first  part  of 
Cervantes's  work.  The  second  part  consists 
of  74  chapters,  to  each  of  which  one  illus- 
tration only  will  be  devoted,  the  original 
intention  of  illustrating  every  incident  having 
been  abandoned.  These  74  subjects  have 
now  been  placed  in  the  hands  of  leading 
Spanish  artists  of  to-day. 

The  rocent  thefts  of  objects  of  art  in 
Franco  have  had  the  effect  of  hastening  the 
scheme  (to  which  we  referred  in  this  column 
some  months  ago)  of  placing  a  tax  on  those 
examples  which  are  exported.  The  Depute 
for  Calvados  has  recently  drawn  up  and 
deposited  in  the  Chamber  of  Deputies 
a  Bill  wliich,  if  passed,  will  place  an  export 
ad  valorem  tax  of  20  per  cent,  on  all  objects 
of  art  and  collections,  "  dont  la  fabrication 
est  anterieuro  a  1850." 

The  directors  of  the  Teyler  Museum  at 
Haarlem  have  announced  a  competition, 
the  results  of  which  should  prove  valuable 


to  the  history  of  art.  They  offer  a  prize 
for  "  une  enumeration  des  peinturos  qui, 
avant  l'an  1566,  se  trouvaient  dans  les 
(•<_'hso8  et  les  couvents  des  Pays-Bas  septon- 
trionaux.et,  en  second  lieu, une  listoraisonnee 
dis  pointres  de  ces  contrees  qui  vecurent 
avant  la  dite  annco."  The  compiler  of  the 
best  memoir  will  receive  a  gold  medal  of  the 
value  of  400  florins.  The  memoirs  may  bo 
written  in  Dutch,  French,  English,  or 
Gorman,  and  should  be  addressed  to  the 
Fondation  P.  Teyler  van  dor  Heist  before 
April  1st,  1910. 

Mn.  Batsfobd  has  taken  over  from  Messrs. 
Newnos  the  publication  of  '  English  Cathe- 
drals Illustrated,'  by  Mr.  Francis  Bond,  the 
author  of  '  Gothic  Architecture  in  England,' 
also  issued  by  him. 


EXHIBITIONS. 

Sat.  (March  7). —Their    Majesties    the    King   and    Queen  Alexandra. 
Colour  Prints  by  Joseph  Simpson,  Ryder  Gallery. 

—  Coloured    Engravings    after    Reynolds,     Romney,    and   other 

Masters    from    the    Collection    of    Herr    Model,     Messrs. 
Colnaghi's  Gallery. 

—  English  landscapes,  Pictures  by  Francis  W.  Reckitt,  Newman 

Art  Gallery. 

—  French  Landscape,  Water-colours  by  Henri  Foreau,  Messrs. 

Obach's  Gallery. 

—  Hampton  Court  and  London,  Pictures  by  Henri  Le  Sldaner, 

Private  View,  Goupil  Gallery. 

—  Norwich  School  Exhibition,  including  a  Selection  from  the 

J.  8.  Forbes  Collection,  Mr.  McLean's  Gallery. 
Tiks.    Cats  and  Dogs,  Drawings  by  Muriel  I.   Hunt,  Private  View, 
Mount  Street  Galleries. 

—  Character  Portraits,    Water-Colours  by  R.   Wallace    Hester, 

Private  View,  Mount  Street  Galleries. 
Tni'HS.  Whitechapel  Art  Gallery,  Spring  Pictur*  Exhibition,  Press 
View. 


MUSIC 


and  '  Le  Kiln  Rival,'  both  produced  before 
the  Kussiun  Court,  the  one  at  Gatschina 
in  I  786,  the  other  at  Pavlowsky  in  1787. 

We    also    find    an    opera    in    three    acts 
doscribed  as  '  Cesare  e  Cleopatra  '  by  Handel, 
said    to    bo    distinct    from    the    eompos< 
1  Ciulio  Cesare,'  though  most  of  the  charac- 
ters aro  the  same.     It  is  strange  that  no 
notico     should    have    been      taken     of   this 
manuscript  ;    or  has    it  been    examined  by 
experts  and  rejected  as  not  genuine  ?     The 
mention    of   Handel  reminds    id?  of  his  bor- 
rowings,  but   he   was   not   the   only   sinner 
in    that   respect.     A   setting    in    three   acta 
of  Milton's   '  Comus '    for  voices,   choruses, 
and  orchestra,  by  Dr.  Thomas  Augustine  Arne, 
is  noted ;  and  we  are  told  that  the  composer 
appropriated  several    entire  numbers  from 
Handel's    '  L' Allegro.'     This    was    in    1738. 
The  note  in  the  Catalogue  does  not  inform 
us   whether    the   source   from    which    Arne 
borrowed  was  indicated  by  him.     In  a  collec- 
tion   of    Freemasons'    songs,    with    German 
words,  two   are  attributed  to   Mozart ;  the 
first,  however,  has  (?)  after  the   composer's 
name.  One  is  "  Wilkommen,  theure  Briider"  ; 
the  other,    ''  Wer  tief   geriilrrt  bei  fremden 
Leiden."     We  cannot  find  any  trace  of  them 
in  the  second  edition  of  Koechel's  '  Thematic 
Catalogue '  ;  they  may,  however,  be  genuine 
for  all  that. 


OUR    LIBRARY    TABLE. 

Catalogue  of  Manuscript  Music  in  the 
British  Museum.  By  Augustus  Hughes- 
Hughes,  Assistant  in  the  Department  of 
MSS.  —  Vol.  II.  Secular  Vocal  Music. 
(Printed  by  Order  of  the  Trustees.) — The 
first  volume,  issued  in  1906,  was  devoted  to 
'  Sacred  Vocal  Music'  The  one  before  us 
contains  no  fewer  than  961  pages,  but  300 
are  taken  up  with  two  Indexes  :  one  for 
'  Initial  Words  and  Titles,'  the  other  for 
'  Names  and  Subjects.'  It  is  scarcely  neces- 
sary to  refer  either  to  the  usefulness  of  such 
a  work,  or  to  the  time  and  patience  in- 
volved in  compiling  it. 

In   the  department   of   Song   we  note  a 
collection  of   49  songs  by  William  Lawes, 
all   autographs.     Its   history   can  be  traced 
from   Lawes   himself,   who   presented  it   to 
Richard     Gibbon.     Then     there     are     two 
interesting   volumes  evidently  forming  part 
of  a  series  containing  Alessandro  Scarlatti's 
Italian     cantatas     in     alphabetical     order, 
and    probably    compiled    shortly    after    the 
composer's    death    in    1725.     One    volume 
is     letter     L ;     the     other     refers    to     the 
letters    F  and  P.     It   seems    a    great    pity 
that   such    a    collection    should    ever    have 
been       scattered.        A     volume      of      his- 
torical interest    is   '  Songs,  with  Pianoforte 
Accompaniment,'      by      Queen      Hortense, 
mother  of  Louis  Napoleon   III.     The  first 
number    is    '  Le    beau    Dunois,'    beginning 
"  Partant    pour    la    Syrie."     The    volume 
was  probably  given  by  the  Queen  to  her 
equerry,  Baron  de  Vaux  ;    and  after  passing 
through    various    hands,    it    came   into    the 
possession  of  the  Rev.   Herbert  Randolph, 
who   presented   it   to    the   British   Museum 
in  1876. 

There  are  several  autograph  operas  by 
composers  of  note :  '  Orlando  Paladino.' 
by  Haydn  ;  '  Die  Verschworenen,'  composed 
by  Schubert  in  1823;  '  Attila,'  by  Verdi, 
produced  at  Venice  in  1846  ;  and  one  of  the 
most  successful  of  British  operas,  viz., 
Balfe's  '  Bohemian  Girl.'  Then  there 
are  two  operas  (not,  however,  marked 
as  autographs)  by  the  Russian  com- 
poser   Dmitri    Bortnianski :     '  Le   Faucon  ' 


fiLmital  (gossip. 

M.  Sibelius,  the  Finnish  composer,  made 
his  first  appearance  in  London  at  the 
Philharmonic  Society's  concert  at  Queen's 
Hall  on  Thursday  evening  of  last  week. 
He  conducted  the  performance  of  his  Third 
Symphony,  in  c  major,  then  heard  for  the 
first  time  in  public.  Like  '  Finlandia,'  it 
represents  his  feeling  for  music  of  a  national 
character.  There  are  only  three  movements, 
the  second — mournful,  expressive,  and  ex- 
hibiting some  remarkable  developments  in 
the  matter  of  varied  tonality — affording 
good  contrast  to  the  first  and  last  sections 
of  the  work,  which  possess  considerable 
freshness  and  animation.  Mr.  Herbert 
Fryer  played  with  good  effect  the  solo  part 
in  Mr.  Eugen  d' Albert's  cleverly  written 
Pianoforte  Concerto  in  E. 

At  the  Queen's  Hall  Symphony  Concert 
last      Saturday    afternoon     Debussy's  '  La 
Damoiselle    Elue,'    for    solo,    female    choir, 
and    orchestra,    was    placed    between   two 
mighty    works,    viz.,    Bach's    'Magnificat' 
and  Beethoven's  '  Choral '  Symphony.  Fortu- 
nately, however,  the  French  composer  is  no 
imitator  of  the  past,  so  that  comparison  was 
impossible.     He  has  a  method  of  his  own, 
by  which  he  stands  or  falls.     His  '  L'Apres- 
niidi  d'un  Fauno '  has  won  a  certain  popu- 
larity here  :    the  music  is  imaginative,  and 
the  scoring  most  delicate  ;    moreover,  there 
are  certain  figures  which  run  through  the 
piece,  giving  a  consistency  to  what  threatens 
to    become   mere    atmosphere    rather    than 
musical  art.     '  La    Mer,'     which    the  com- 
poser    conducted    tlie    other    day,    is    far 
more  difficult  to  grasp.     But  in    '  La  Da- 
moiselle Elue,'   an  earlier  work  than  either 
of  those  just  named,  there  is,  in  addition 
to    rich    imagination    and    beautiful    tone- 
colouring,   characteristic   thematic   material 
wluch,  deftly  handled,  gives  a  certain  form, 
yet   no    formality.     The   simplicity    of    the 
brief  piece  is  not  the  least  of  its  merits. 
The  solos  were  sung  by  Miss  Perceval  Allen 
and    Miss    Elsie    Nicholl,    wlule    the    Leeds 
Choral  Union  had  easy  work  with  the  choral 
part.     They   were   heard    to    advantage   in 
the  Bach  '  Magnificat '  under  the  direction 
of   Dr.    Henry   Coward,    the   soloists   being 
the   Misses    Perceval    Allen,    Elsie    Nicholl, 
and    Molly    Deane,    and    Messrs.    Webster 


No.  4193,  March  7,  1908 


THE    ATHENAEUM 


299 


Millar  and  William  Higley.  Mr.  Henry  J. 
Wood  conducted  the  Debussy  novelty  and 
also  the  symphony. 

Signor  Busoni  made  his  reappearance 
in  London  at  Bechstein  Hall  last  Tuesday 
afternoon,  when  he  took  part  with  Signor 
Arrigo  Serato,  the  talented  Italian  violinist, 
in  a  pianoforte  and  violin  recital.  The  two 
artists  gave  a  singularly  interesting  and 
animated  performance  of  Beethoven's  Sonata 
in  c  minor,  Op.  30,  No.  2,  the  execution 
being  flawless  ;  and  they  also  played  Signor 
Busoni' s  Second  Sonata.  Signor  Serato 
interpreted  the  solo  part  in  Wieniawski's 
Concerto  in  D  minor  in  a  resourceful  manner, 
both  tone  and  execution  being  attractive. 
For  his  solo  the  pianist  chose  Cesar  Franck's 
'  Prelude,  Aria,  and  Finale,'  and  gave  a 
masterly  rendering  of  this  fine  and  deeply 
earnest  work. 

We  are  sorry  to  notice  the  death,  in  his 
forty-ninth  year,  on  Monday  last,  of  Mr. 
Walter  Slaughter,  well  known  as  a  conductor 
at  various  London  theatres,  and  composer 
of  a  number  of  operas  of  a  popular  character. 
Mr.  Slaughter  had  at  his  best  a  considerable 
gift  of  melody.  The  most  successful  of  his 
songs  was  '  The  Dear  Homeland.' 

On  Friday,  February  28th,  passed  away 
Madame  Pauline  Lucca,  a  singer  who 
in  her  day  enjoyed  great  popularity.  She 
was  born  at  Vienna  in  1841,  and  made  her 
debut  at  Berlin  as  Selika  in  Meyerbeer's 
'  L'Africaine,'  and  in  London  as  Valentine 
in  '  Les  Huguenots.'  During  the  past  few 
years  Madame  Lucca  had  been  living 
quietly  at  Vienna. 

Messrs.  Sotheby  &  Co.  will  sell  by 
auction  on  Tuesday  next  letters  by  Verdi, 
Donizetti,  Mendelssohn,  Sir  George  Mac- 
farren,  and  others  ;  also  one  by  J.  J. 
Rousseau  (March  14th,  1767)  relating  to 
his  '  Dictionary  of  Music'  Various  auto- 
graph scores  of  Gounod  will  be  included 
in  the  sale. 


Sin. 

Tl'KS. 

Wn 

TlllRS 


Fici. 

«AT. 


PERFORMANCES  NEXT  WEEK. 

Concert,  3.30.  Albert  Hall. 

Sunday  Concert  Society.  8.80,  Queen's  Hall. 

Sunday  League  Concert-,  7,  Queen's  Hall. 

Afternoon  with  Brahms,  4.30.  Leighton  House. 

Miss  Adelaide  Hodgson's  Pianoforte  Recital.  8,  Bechstein  Hall. 

Kerr  Fennel  Hegedtls's  Sonata  Concert.  8.30,  ^Eolian  Hall. 

Miu  Giulia  Strakosch's  Concert.  9,  8teinway  Hall. 

Miss  Hilda  Saxe's  Pianoforte  Recital,  3.15  JJolian  Hall. 

New  Symphony  Orchestra.  8,  Queen's  Hall. 

Mr  Donald  Torey's  Recital.  8.30.  Chelsea  Town  Hall. 

Mr.  Carlo  Erici'B  Vocal  Recital,  3.15,  Bechstein  Hall. 

Miss  Winifred  Davis's  Vocal  Recital,  8,  Bechstein  Hall. 

Miss  Marjorie  Wigley's  Pianoforte  Recital.  8.15,  .'Eolian  Hall. 

Mr.  Plunket  Greene's  Song  Recital,  3.30,  ^Eolian  Hall. 

Mozart  Society.  3.  Portman  Rooms. 

Queen's  Hall  Orchestral  Concert.  3,  Queen's  Hall. 

Brinsmcad  Chamber  Concert,  3.15,  Cavendish  Rooms. 


DRAMA 


A  New  Variorum  Edition  of  SJiakespeare 
— Antony  and  Cleopatra.  By  Horace 
Howard  Furness.  (Philadelphia,  Lip- 
pincott  Company.) 

A  generation  has  passed  since  Dr. 
Furness  began  his  great  scheme,  yet  now, 
in  '  Antony  and  Cleopatra,'  we  have  but 
arrived  at  the  thirteenth  play  of  the 
thirty-six  included  in  the  First  Folio. 
His  progress,  it  must  be  admitted, 
has  been  leisurely.  But  though  slow,  it 
lias  been  excellent,  and,  within  its 
limits,  it  is  scarcely  possible  to  conceive 
•a  better  piece  of  work  than  this  volume 
presents,  and  we  welcome  it  accordingly  : 
as  a  work  of  reference  nothing  could  be 
bet  ter. 

We  say  as  a  work  of  reference  ;  for  we 
'cannot  but  regret  that  Dr.  Furness  has 
not  himself  supplied  as  with  a  readable 
text    of    the    play.     If    knowledge    be    a 


qualification  for  the  task,  few  men  can 
be  better  qualified  ;  but  only  for  the  first 
four  plays  of  the  series  has  he  taken 
this  responsibility ;  for  the  remainder 
he  has  preferred  to  restrict  himself  to  a 
running  comment  on  the  notes,  sugges- 
tions, emendations,  &c.,  of  his  predecessors, 
which  he  has  so  industriously  collected 
and  marshalled.  For  his  text  he  confines 
himself  to  a  reprint  of  the  First  Folio,  his 
only  concession  to  the  reader  being,  for 
facility  of  reference,  the  numbering  of 
acts,  scenes,  and  lines,  more  or  less  in 
accordance  with  modern  editions.  Such 
a  text  is  of  course  of  enormous  importance 
— absolutely  necessary,  indeed,  to  all 
specially  engaged  in  the  textual  study  of 
Shakespeare  ;  but  the  tiling  has  been  done 
and  well  done)  in  Booth's  reprint,  and 
in  some  admirable  facsimiles,  and 
unless  the  student  is  so  exceptionably 
fortunate  as  to  have  at  his  command  the 
precious  original,  he  will  find  those  page- 
for-page  and  column-for-column  repro- 
ductions much  more  satisfactory  for 
consultation  than  the  necessarily  broken- 
up  text  of  Dr.  Furness's  book,  minutely 
accurate  as  that  text  undoubtedly  is. 

It  is  perhaps  ungracious  to  dwell  upon 
this  question  of  choice  of  text  when  in  his 
last  nine  volumes  Dr.  Furness  has  so 
decidedly  shown  by  his  practice  that  the 
reprint  of  the  Folio  is  in  his  judgment 
the  better  plan  ;  but  as  each  fresh  volume 
appears  the  whole  question  of  editing 
necessarily  arises  afresh.  Dr.  Furness's 
plan  supposes  each  reader  to  be  his  own 
editor,  which  is  as  much  as  to  say  that  he 
shall  be  not  a  reader  of  the  play,  but  its 
verbal  critic  ;  yet  in  this  respect  there 
are  innumerable  cases  in  which  misprints, 
deficient  or  misleading  punctuation,  dis- 
arrangement of  lines,  &c,  all  tending  to 
obscure  the  sense,  may  be  and  have  been 
certainly  corrected  by  generations  of 
editors  ;  why,  then,  should  we  go  back 
on  their  work  ?  Dr.  Furness  himself 
reminds  us  that  the  Folio  "  is  somewhat 
remote  from  any  authoritative  contact 
with  Shakespeare's  own  hand  "  (p.  188). 
Does  the  fact  that  it  prints  "  seruicles  " 
for  services  (p.  49),  and  tells  us  in  a  stage 
direction  (p.  74)  that  Alexas  comes  from 
Caesar  instead  of  from  Antony,  help  us  in 
any  way  ?  Dr.  Furness  in  his  Preface 
makes  fight  of  these  hindrances  to  the 
understanding  of  the  play ;  but  they 
nevertheless  are  hindrances,  and  it  seems 
a  pity  that  they  should  be  still  allowed 
to  come  between  the  reader  and  the  poet. 
It  may  be  prudent,  till  there  is  a  general 
consensus  of  editors,  to  allow  Antony 
(I.  v.  56)  to  continue  to  mount  that 
terrible  "  Arme-gaunt "  steed  of  his ; 
to  let  Cleopatra  (V.  ii.)  declare  that  her 
"  desolation  does  begin  to  make  A  better 
life,"  and  then  proceed  to  consider  how 
she  may  rid  herself  of  it  by  suicide — a 
deed  which,  as  she  says,  not  only  "shackles 
accidents  and  bolts  up  change,"  but  also 
"  sleepes  and  never  pallates  more  the 
dung,  The  beggera  Nurse,  and  CtPOSXB." 

We  sympathize  with  the  editor  who  has 
to  struggle  through  the  jungle  of  oommeni 

that    these   and    ninny    other     obscurities 
have  evoked,  and  we  not  only  accept  but 


also  applaud  his  decision  that,  until  some 
reasonable  explanation  or  emendation  is 
forthcoming,  the  original  nonsense  shall 
be  retained  ;  but  wThere,  as  we  have  said 
above,  corrections  can  be  made  with 
certainty,  we  think  i  false  conservatism 
to  revert  to  the  original  error. 

The  volume,  as  u  ual,  is  a  model  of  the 
printer's  craft,  but  is  rather  more  bulky 
than  its  predecessors,  running  to  some 
634  pages,  inclusive  of  a  Preface  of 
20  pages.  The  annotated  p'ay  itself 
occupies  378  pages.  The  Appendix  (236 
pages)  includes  the  usual  discussion  as  to 
date,  duration  of  action,  sources  of  the 
play,  with  long  extracts  from  North's 
'  Plutarch  '  ;  also  a  reprint  of  Dryden's 
'  All  for  Love,  or,  the  World  well  Lost,' 
and  an  interesting  account  of  dramatic 
versions  of  the  story,  French,  German, 
&c.,  from  1552  to  1878.  It  is  not,  however, 
suggested  that  any  of  the  earlier  of  these 
plays  had  any  influence  on  Shakspeare, 
though  it  is  likely  enough  that  his 
work  may  have  influenced  some  later 
dramatists.  Dryden,  indeed,  expressly 
professes  to  imitate  Shakspeare's  style  ; 
his  play  was,  and  we  believe  still  is,  highly 
esteemed,  but  perhaps  it  would  be  difficult 
to  find  two  men  whose  work  is  so  funda- 
mentally different  in  tone.  As  a  foil  to 
Shakspeare  Dryden  may  be  interesting  ; 
but  for  any  other  purpose  we  doubt  the 
utility  of  reprinting  '  All  for  Love '  in 
this  volume. 


THE   WEEK. 


Terry's. — The  Lord  of  Latimer  Street  : 
a  Play  in  Four  Acts.  By  Oliver 
Madox  Hueffer. 
Agreeable  as  it  is  to  find  a  drama  with 
faithful  sketches  of  low  life  in  London — 
there  is  no  denying  that  '  The  Lord  of 
Latimer  Street '  reads  far  better  than  it 
acts.  For  one  thing,  the  delicate  details 
which  in  the  book  show  the  author's  appre- 
ciation of  the  miseries  and  alleviations 
of  slum  existence  have  to  be  sacrificed 
in  the  theatre,  and  so  the  characters  stand 
out  in  a  hard,  glaring  light.  For  another, 
the  sentimental  motive,  strengthened  in 
the  novel  by  kindly  exposition  of  the 
instinct  for  refinement  which  renders  the 
coster  heroine  sym pathetic,  proves  too 
thin  on  the  stage,  and  even  'Tilda  Reeves, 
because  Mr.  Hueffer  is  still  a  novice  in 
stage  craft,  loses  half  her  charm  and 
graciousness.  So  the  whole  story  of  the 
young  slum-landlord  who  goes  to  live 
in  disguise  among  his  East-End  tenants, 
and  there,  by  his  mere  politeness,  misleads 
a  girl  with  whose  family  he  lodges  into 
imagining  she  has  inspired  a  warmer 
feeling,  appears  in  the  playhouse  not 
only  fanciful,  but  also  unconvincing. 
What  remains,  however,  unaffected  by 
the  change  of  medium  is  the  author's 
satire  at  the  expense  of  misdirected 
philanthropy  as  exercised  in  our  slum 
districts.  Though  the  atmosphere  of  the 
stage  has  somewhat  stiffened  their  out- 
lines, the  quartette  of  East-End  types 
which  we  owe  t<»  the  author's  observation 
— •Tilda  herself,  her  amiable  and  hard- 
working   father    and    mother,    and    Alf 


:;<.«. 


THE     ATHENjEUM 


No.  4W3,  Mabch  7,  1908 


Jenkins,  the  Cookney  booligmn,  are 
excellent    figures,      in    the    relation!  of 

these  four,  the  manners,  customs,  and 
point  of  view  of  East-End  folk  are 
admirably  brought  out.    As  a  matter  of 

course,  it  is  the  exponents  of  these  slum 
characters  who  obtain  the  best  oppor- 
tunities for  acting.  Sound  players,  for 
instance,  such  as  Mr.  Robert  Pateman 
and  Miss  Elsie  Chester,  find  no  difficulty 
in  individualizing  happily  'Tilda's  working- 
class  parents  ;  and  if  Miss  Nina  Boucicault 
seems  to  make  the  girl  rather  too  con- 
sistently petulant,  she  reproduces  accu- 
rately the  tones,  walk,  and  gesture  of  the 
slums.  Mr.  Gwenn's  hooligan  is  one  of 
the  most  finished  of  his  portraits. 


Comedy. — Lady  Barbarity  :  a  Version  in 
Four  Acts  of  Mr.  J.  C.  Snaith's  Novel. 
Arranged  by  R.  C.  Carton. 

This  is  merely  a  spirited  piece  of  romantic 
drama,  written  round  a  young  Jacobite's 
adventures  and  perils  ;  devoid,  too,  of 
"  atmosphere,"  and  full  of  extravagances. 
Still,  it  is  neatly  constructed,  contains 
movement,  dramatic  surprises,  and  climax. 
Probability  is  not  to  be  expected  from 
such  work,  and  so  playgoers  who  wish 
to  enjoy  it  must  put  up  with  a  heroine 
of  incredible  recklessness — must  concede 
that  a  peer's  daughter,  in  impatience  of 
the  Whiggishness  of  her  associates,  might 
imperil  her  reputation  by  dressing  up  a 
runaway  rebel  she  knows  nothing  about 
as  a  feminine  friend  of  hers,  and  intro- 
ducing him  to  her  friends  in  this  mas- 
querade. That  is  the  central  situation 
of  the  tale.  Add  to  this  the  falling  in 
love  of  the  heroine  and  her  protege,  the 
discovery  of  the  imposture,  the  arrest  of 
the  Jacobite,  a  rescue  from  the  scaffold, 
a  duel,  and  the  opportune  arrival  of  a 
pardon,  and  there  in  outline  is  the  play — 
obvious,  but  stirring  melodrama.  To 
wear  women's  clothes  inoffensively  is  not 
easy  for  an  actor,  but  Mr.  Graham  Browne 
succeeds  in  so  doing  as  Mistress  Prue. 
Both  he,  indeed,  and  Mr.  Barnes,  in  the 
part  of  the  heroine's  father,  catch  the 
breezy  style  of  acting  appropriate  to  the 
piece,  and  therein  show  to  advantage 
beside  Mr.  Allan  Aynesworth,  who  is 
rather  too  lethargic  as  Lady  Barbarity's 
military  suitor.  With  her  brilliant  talent 
for  comedy  and  her  command  of  pathos, 
Miss  Marie  Tempest  could  scarcely  fail 
to  make  much  of  the  heroine's  varying 
moods  ;  but  in  point  of  fact,  her  art  is 
too  subtle,  too  much  akin  to  our  own  age, 
to  suit  exactly  the  broad  effects  of  his- 
toric melodrama. 


Duke  of  York's. — The  Admirable  Crick- 
ton  :  a  Fantasy  in  Four  Acts.  By 
J.  M.  Barrie. 

About  '  The  Admirable  Crichton '  the 
English  playgoing  world  has  long  made 
up  its  mind.  Here  Mr.  Barrie,  While 
abounding  in  whimsical  humour  and  stage 
trickery,  has  been  content  to  stir  our 
thoughts  also.  That  is  the  charm  of 
this  particular  fantasy,  in  which,  though 
the  child  in  the  author  gives  reins  to  its 


irrepreatible  powen  of  "make-believe." 
he  also  supplies  the  corrective  to  his 
romancing;  he  pictures  the  world  m  it  is 
by  the  side  of  the  world  as  it  might  be 
under  Utopian  conditions.  Oriohtoa  the 
butler  is  king  over  his  peer-employer  and 
that  nobleman's  pretty  daughters  and 
friends  in  the  island  where  social  value 
depends  on  self-help  ;  but  he  resumes  his 
manner  of  reticent  subservience  with  their 
return  to  civilization.  In  its  present 
revival  the  play  is  acted  to  perfection. 
Mr.  Gerald  du  Maurier  as  the  lazy  young 
aristocrat,  Miss  Hilda  Trevelyan  as  the 
meek  servant-girl  Tweeny,  and  Miss 
Sybil  Carlisle  and  Miss  Muriel  Beaumont  as 
the  peer's  younger  daughters  resume  their 
original  characters  ;  while  Mr.  Eric  Lewis 
in  the  part  of  the  sham  Socialist  nobleman 
is  as  good  as  ever  Mr.  Kemble  was.  Miss 
Miriam  Clements  makes  a  most  picturesque 
modern  Diana  in  Lady  Mary's  island 
costume  ;  and  Mr.  Lyn  Harding's  Crichton, 
impressive  throughout  the  play,  has  one 
superb  moment  of  inspiration — that  in 
which  the  island  autocrat,  but  an  instant 
before  condescending  to  make  his  former 
employer's  daughter  his  queen,  changes 
suddenly  before  her  eyes  into  the  bowing 
menial. 


To  Correspondents.  —  H.  h.-W.  B.—  H.  G.  F.— 
F.  B.  D.— S.  R.— Received. 

W.  H.  G.  F.— Already  noted. 

No  notice  can  be  taken  of  anonymous  communications. 

We  cannot  undertake  to  reply  to  inquiries  concerning  the 
appearance  of  reviews  of  books. 

We  do  not  undertake  to  give  the  value  of  books,  china, 
pictures,  &c. 

rpHE  ATHEN^UM, 

PRICE  THREEPENCE. 

Is  published  every  FRIDAY  in  time  for  the  Afternoon  Mails.    Term 

of  Subscription,  free  by  post  to  nil  purts  of  the  United  Kingilom  :  For 

Six  Months.  7s.  M. ;  for  Twelve  Months,  15*.  3tt.    For  the  Continent 

nnd  all  places  within   the  Postal  Union:  For  Six  Months,  9s.;  for 

Twelve  Months,  1S«.,  commencing  from  any  date,  payable  in  advance  to 

JOHN  C.  FRANCIS. 

Athenaeum  Office,  Bream's  Buildings,  Chancery  Lane,  London,  E.G. 

rpHE  ATHEN-ffiUM. 

SCALE  OF  CHARGES  FOR  ADVERTISEMENTS 

£   t.   d. 

5  Lines  of  Pearl 0    3    6 

W     (Half-Column) 1  16    0 

A  Column 330 

A  Page       9    9    0 

Auctions  and  Public  Institutions,  Five  Lines  4s.,  and  M.  per  line  of 

Pearl  type  beyond. 

IN  THE  MEASUREMENT  OF  Am  EKTISF.MKNTS.  CARE 

SHOULD  BE  TAKEN  To  MEASURE  FROM 

RULE   TO   KILE. 

Advertisements  acrcKs  Two  Columns,  one-third  extra  beyond  the 

space  occupied,  the  first  charge  being  30s. 

JOHN  C.  FRANCIS  nnd  .1.  EDWARD  KKANCJS, 
The  Athenaeum  Office,  Bream's  Buildings,  Chancery  Lane,  London.  E.C. 

INDEX  TO  ADVERTISERS. 

r.n.i 

Authors'  Agents       274 

bagster  &  sons        302 

Bell  &  Sons 300 

Bemrose  &  Sons        278 

Catalogues        274 

Constable  &  Co 277 

DORELL 27(i 

EDUCATIONAL 273 

KNO 303 

Exhibitions      278 

Gardner,  d.vhton  &  Co 876 

Heinemann  27(> 

Hurst  &•  Blackett 27s 

Insurance  companies        303 

MaCMILLAN  &  Co 278 

Magazines,  AC 275 

Miscellaneous 274 

Notes  and  Queries 802 

Nl'TT  27G 

Philip  &  Son 303 

Printers 274 

Provident  Institutions 2T8 

Redman 270 

Reeve  A  Co soi 

Sales  by  Auction      274 

Situations  Vacant 273 

Situations  Wanted 274 

societies 273 

Type-writers,  &c 274 

Unwin       276 

Ward,  Lock  &  Co 304 


MESSRS.  BELL'S 

BOOKS. 


READY    NEXT    WEDNESDAY. 

down  8vo,  &*.  net. 

THE  LAST  ABBOT  OF  GLAS- 
TONBURY, and  other  Essays. 

By  the  Rt.  Rev.  F.  A.  GA8QUET,  D.D.  08.B., 

Abbot-President  of  the  English  Benedict;: 

Illustrated. 

•»•  The  first  essay  here  reprinted.  "The  Last  Abbot  of 
Olastonhury,'  was  first  published  in  1805  as  a  separate 
volume,  which  has  lone  been  out  of  print.  It  gives  an 
account  of  the  destruction  of  the  great  Benedictine  Abbeys 
of  Glastonbury,  Reading,  and  Colchester,  and  of  the  tragic 
deaths  of  the  last  abbots  of  those  houses  in  the  reign  of 
Henry  VIII.  The  other  essays  in  the  volume  are  colh 
from  various  magazines,  and  have  not  previously  appeared 
in  book  form. 

Prospectus  on  application. 

Crown  8vo,  6s.  net. 

DECORATIVE    HERALDRY. 

A  Practical  Handbook  of  its 

Artistic  Treatment. 

By  G.  W.  EYE. 

With    about    200    Illustrations. 

New  and  Revised  Edition. 

"  He  treats  his  subject  with  a  width  as  well  as  a  depth  of 
knowledge  that  renders  this  volume  amongst  all  modem 
writings  the  treatise  on  heraldry  par  excellence  for  arti- 

Magazine  of  Art. 

HANDBOOKS  OF  THE  GREAT  MASTERS 
IN  PAINTING  AND  SCULPTURE. 

CHEAPER  REISSUE. 

With  40  Full-Page  Illustrations  and  a  Photogravure 
Frontispiece.    Post  8vo,  3x.  Grf.  net  each. 

24  VOLUMES  ALREADY  PUBLISHED. 
JUST  PUBLISHED. 

CARLO  CRIYELLI. 

ByG.  MCNEIL  RUSHFORTH,  M.A. 

MANTEGNA. 

By  MAUD  CRUTTWELL. 

MICHAEL  ANGELO. 

By  LORD  RONALD  SU'I  IIKHLANDGOWEP..  M.A. 

S0D0MA. 

By  the  CONTESSA  LORENZO  PRIULI-BON. 
Write  for  Illustrated  Prospectus. 

BOHN'S    LIBRARIES. 

"The  new  series  of  Bonn's  Libraries,  on  which 
judicious  book-buyers  have  long  learned  to  keep  a 
careful  eye. "— Athknjetjm. 

NEW  VOLUHBS. 

3  vols.     Small  crown  Svo,  3s.  6<f.  each. 

RANKE'S   HISTORY   OF   THE    POPES 
DURING  THE  LAST  FOUR  CENTURIES 

Translated  by  E.  FOSTER,    New  and  Revised  Edition, 
with  considerable  Additions. 

Small  post  Svo,  3*\  &f. 

MIGNET'S  HISTORY  OF  THE  FRENCH 
REVOLUTION,  from  1789  to  1814. 

"Mignet's  striking  if  not  wholly  Impartial  history  of  the 
Revolution— perhaps  the  best  short  history."— Athentrtnn. 

Small  post  Svo,  Gt, 

LUCRETIUS.    A  Prose  Translation. 

By   H.   A.   J.   MUNRO.       Reprinted  from  the  Final 

(Knurl  10   Edition.        With    an   Introduction  by  J.    D. 

DUFF,  M.A. 

"  It  is  not  only  a  most  faithful  rendering  of  the  original 

but  a  remarkable  literary  achievement.    Munro's  edition, 

and  still  more,  his  translation,  are  not  superseded,  and  it 

is  probable  that  thev  never  can  be." 

Mr.  Duff's  Introduction 


London:    GEORGE    BELL    &    SONS, 
York  House,  Portugal  Street,  W.C. 


No.  4193,  March  7,  1908 


THE     ATHENAEUM 


301 


LOVELL    REEVE    &    CO.'S 

NEW  AND  STANDARD  WORKS. 


PART  XXXIX.    MARCH.    With  6  Coloured  Plates.    3s.  6d. 
THE   BOTANICAL   MAGAZINE.     Hand-Coloured  Figures,  with 

Descriptions,  Structural  and  Historical,  of  New  and  Rare  Plants,  suitable  for  the 
Garden,  Stove,  or  Conservatory.  Edited  by  D.  PRAIN,  F.R.S.,  &c,  Director,  Royal 
Botanic  Gardens,  Kew.  Vols.  I.— III.  (New  Series),  42s.  Monthly,  with  6  Hand- 
Coloured  Plates,  3s.  6rf.     Annual  Subscription,  42s. 

A  NEW  AND   COMPLETE    INDEX   TO    THE    BOTANICAL 

MAGAZINE.  Vols.  I.— CXXX.,  comprising  the  First,  Second,  and  Third  Series,  to 
which  is  prefixed  a  History  of  the  Magazine  by  W.  B.  HEMSLEY,  F.L.S.,  21s. 

MONOGRAPHS    FROM    THE     THIRD     SERIES     OF     THE 

BOTANICAL  MAGAZINE,  bringing  together  in  one  Wrapper  the  Plates  and  the 
Structural  and  Historical  Descriptions,  illustrating  each  of  the  1,457  genera  which 
may  be  had  separately.    Prices  from  Is.  to  51s.    List  of  Genera  on  application. 

MATERIALS  FOR  A  FLORA  OF  THE  MALAYAN  PENIN- 

SULA.  By  H.  N.  RIDLEY,  M.A.  F.R.S.,  Director  of  Botanic  Gardens,  Singapore. 
Complete  in  3  Parts.    30s. 

CATALOGUE    OF    THE    PLANTS   OF   KUMAON   AND    OF 

THE  ADJACENT  PORTIONS  OF  GARHWAL  AND  TIBET  By  Lieut-Gen.  Sir 
RICHARD  STRACHEY  and  J.  F.  DUTHIE.     5s. 

THE  USES  OF  BRITISH  PLANTS,  traced  from  Antiquity 

to  the  Present  Day,  together  with  the  Derivation  of  their  Names.  By  the  Rev.  Prof. 
G.  HENSLOW,  M.A.  F.L.S.     288  Illustrations.     4s.  Gd. 

THE  HEPATIC.®  OF  THE  BRITISH   ISLES:   Figures  and 

Descriptions  of  all  known  British  Species.  By  W.  H.  PEARSON.  2  vols.  228 
Plates.    51.  5s.  plain  ;  71.  10s.  coloured. 

HANDBOOK   OF    THE    BRITISH    FLORA.    By  G.   Bentham, 

F.R.S.    Revised  by  Sir  J.  D.  HOOKER,  C.B.  F.R.S.     Eighth  Edition.    9s. 

ILLUSTRATIONS    OF    THE    BRITISH    FLORA.      Drawn  by 

FITCH,  F.L.S.,  and  W.  G.  SMITH,  F.L.S.     1,315  Wood  Engravings.     Sixth 


W.  H. 

Edition. 


9s. 


FLORA    OF     TROPICAL    AFRICA.      By    D.    Oliver,    F.R.S. 

Vols.  I.— III.,  20s.  each.  The  CONTINUATION,  Edited  bv  Sir  W.  T.  THISELTON- 
DYER,  F.R.S.  Vol.  IV.  Section  1.,  30s.  ;  Section  II.,  27s.  Vol.  V.,  25s.  6d.  Vol.  VII., 
27*.  Gd.  Vol.  VIII.,  25s.  6d.  Published  under  the  authority  of  the  Secretary  of  State 
for  the  Colonies. 

FLORA  CAPENSIS  :  a  Systematic  Description  of  the  Plants 

of  the  Cape  Colony,  Caffraria,  and  Port  Natal.  Vols.  I.— III.,  by  W.  H.  HARVEY 
and  O.  W.  BONDER,  20s.  each.  The  CONTINUATION,  Edited  by  Sir  W.  T. 
THISELTON-DYER,  F.R.S.  Vol.  IV.  Section  I.  Part  I.,  8s.;  Parts  II.  and  III., 
6s.  6d.  each;  Part  IV.,  as.  ;  Section  II.,  24s.  Vol.  V.  Part  L,  9s.  Vol.  VI.,  24s. 
Vol.  VII. ,  33s.  Published  under  the  authority  of  the  Governments  of  the  Cape  of 
Good  Hope,  Natal  and  Transvaal. 

FLORA   OF   BRITISH   INDIA.     By   Sir  J.    D.   Hooker,   C.B. 

G. C.S.I.  F.R.S.,  Ac,  assisted  by  various  Botanists.     7  vols.    121. 

HANDBOOK    OF    THE  NEW    ZEALAND    FLORA:    a 

Systematic  Description  of  the  Native  Plants  of  New  Zealand,  and  the  Chatham, 
Kermadec's,  Lord  Auckland's,  Campbell's,  and  Macquarrie's  Islands.  By  Sir  J.  D. 
HOOKER,  G.C.S.I.  F.R.S.     42s. 

FLORA  AUSTRALIENSIS:  a  Description  of  the  Plants  of 

the  Australian  Territory.  Bv  GEORGE  BENTHAM,  F.R.S.,  Assisted  by  FERDI- 
NAND MUELLER,  F.R.S.    7  vols.     71.48. 

FLORA  OF  THE  BRITISH   WEST  INDIAN   ISLANDS.     By 

Dr.  GRISEBACH,  F.L.S.     1  vol.     42s. 

THE   NARCISSUS:    its    History    and    Culture.    By  F.    W. 

BURBIDGE,  F.LS.  With  a  Scientific  Review  of  the  entire  Genus  by  J.*G.  BAKER, 
F.R.S.  F.L.S.     With  48  beautifully  Coloured  Plates.    30s. 

BRITISH    FERNS. 

Woodcuts.     0s. 

BRITISH  GRASSES 

Woodcuts.     9s. 

HANDBOOK    OF    BRITISH    MOSSES.      By   the    Rev.    M.   J. 

BERKELEY,  M.A.  F.L.S.     Second  Edition.     24  Coloured  Plates.    21s. 

SYNOPSIS  OF  BRITISH  MOSSES. 

Revised  Ed  it  inn.     fi*.  ed. 

BRITISH  FUNGOLOGY.     By  the  Rev.  M.  J.  Berkeley,   M.A. 

F.LS.  With  a  Supplement  by  W.  O.  SMITH,  F.L.S.  2  vols.  24  Coloured  Plates. 
36s.    The  Supplement  separately,  12s. 

THE    ESCULENT    FUNGUSES    OF    ENGLAND.     By  C.    D. 

BADHAM,  M.D.  Second  Edition.  Edited  by  F.  CURRRY,  F.R.S.  12  Coloured 
I'ht-'s.      12s. 

BRITISH  FUNGI,  PHYCOMYCETES,  AND  USTILAGINE^E. 

By  GEORGE  MA8SEE.    8  Plates.    6s.  rw. 


By    M.    Plues.     16    Coloured    Plates   and 
By   M.   Plues.     16  Coloured    Plates   and 


By  C.  P.  Hobkirk,  F.L.S. 


THE    LEPIDOPTERA    OF    THE    BRITISH    ISLANDS.      By 

C.  G.  BARRETT,  complete  in  11  vols.,  61.  12s.  Large-Paper  Edition,  with  504- 
Coloured  Plates,  33?.  13s.  Alphabetical  List  of  Species  contained  in  the  work,  Is.  6<z. 
Large-Paper  Edition,  2s. 

LABELLING  LIST  OF  THE  BRITISH  MACROLEPIDOPTERA, 

as  arranged  in  '  Lepidoptera  of  the  British  Islands.'  By  CHARLES  G.  BARRETT, 
F.E.S.    Is.  6d. 

THE    LARY^S    OF    THE    BRITISH    LEPIDOPTERA    AND 

THEIR  FOOD  PLANTS.  By  OWEN  S.  WILSON.  With  Life-Sized  Figures. 
Drawn  and  Coloured  from  Nature  by  ELEANORA  WILSON.  40  Coloured  Plates, 
63s. 

THE  BUTTERFLIES  OF  EUROPE.     Described  and  Figured  by 

H.  C.  LANG,  M.D.  F.L.S.  With  82  Coloured  Plates,  containing  upwards  of  90O 
Figures.    2  vols.    31.  18s. 

MONOGRAPH  OF  THE  MEMBRACIDJE.     By  George  Bowdler 

BUCKTON,  F.R.S.  F.L.S.  F.E.S.,  to  which  is  added  a  Paper  entitled  ' Suggestions- 
as  to  the  Meaning  of  the  Shapes  and  Colours  of  the  Membracidse  in  the  Struggle  for 
Existence,'  by  EDWARD  B.  POULTON,  D.Sc.  M.A.  Hon.  LL.D.  (Princeton), 
F.R.S.,  &c,  Hope  Professor  of  Zoology  in  the  University  of  Oxford.  Complete  in 
1  vol.,  4to.    Writh  2  Structural  and  60  Coloured  Plates.    Cloth,  gilt  top,  61.  15s. 

LEPIDOPTERA      INDICA.       By     F.     Moore,     F.Z.S.     FES. 

Vols.  I.-VI.  each,  with  96  Coloured  Plates,  91.  5s.  cloth  ;  9J.  15s.  half-morocco. 
Parts  73-76,  15s.  each. 

THE    LEPIDOPTERA    OF    CEYLON.     By   F.   Moore,   F.Z.S. 

3  vols.,  medium  4to,  215  Coloured  Plates.  Cloth,  gilt  tops,  211.  12s.  Published  under 
the  auspices  of  the  Government  of  Ceylon. 

THE     HYMENOPTERA    ACULEATA    OF     THE     BRITISH 

ISLANDS.  By  EDWARD  SAUNDERS,  F.L.S.  Complete,  with  3  Plates,  16s. 
Large-Paper  Edition,  with  51  Coloured  Plates,  68s. 

THE    HEMIPTERA    HETEROPTERA    OF    THE     BRITISH 

ISLANDS.  By  EDWARD  SAUNDERS,  F.L.S.  Complete,  with  a  Structural 
Plate,  14s.    Large  Edition,  with  31  Coloured  Plates,  4Ss. 

THE     HEMIPTERA     H0M0PTERA     OF     THE     BRITISH 

ISLANDS.  Bv  JAMES  EDWARDS,  F.E.S.  Complete,  with  2  Structural  Plates, 
12s.     Large  Edition,  with  28  Coloured  Plates,  43s. 

THE   COLEOPTERA   OF   THE  BRITISH  ISLANDS.     By  the 

,    Rev.  Canon  FOWLER,  M.A.  F.L.S.    Complete  in  5  vols.,  with  2  Structural  Plates, 
41.    Large  Edition,  with  180  Coloured  Plates,  lit. 

A   CATALOGUE   OF   THE  BRITISH  COLEOPTERA.     By  D. 

SHARPE,  M.A.  F.R.S.,  and  W.  W.  FOWLER,  M.A.     Is.  6tf. 

FOREIGN  FINCHES  IN  CAPTIVITY.     By  Arthur  D.  Butler, 

Ph.D.  F.L.S.  F.Z.S.  F.E.S.  With  60  Plates  beautifully  Coloured  by  hand.  Royal 
4to,  cloth,  41.  lis.  6d. 

BRITISH    INSECTS.     By  E.  F.  Staveley.     16  Coloured  Plates 

and  Woodcuts.    9s. 

BRITISH   BEETLES.     By  E.  C.  Rye.     New  Edition.     Revised 

by  the  Rev.  Canon  FOWLER,  M.A.  F.L.S.     16  Coloured  Plates  and  Woodcut*.    0*. 

BRITISH  BEES.     By  W.  E.  Shuckard.     16  Coloured  Plates  and 

Woodcuts.    9s. 

BRITISH  BUTTERFLIES  AND  MOTHS.     By  H.  T.  Stainton. 

Second  Edition.     16  Coloured  Plates  and  Woodcuts.     Bf, 

BRITISH    SPIDERS.     By  E.  F.  Staveley.     16  Coloured  Plates 

and  Woodcuts.    9s. 


BRITISH      ZOOPHYTES. 

24  Plates.    9s. 


By      A.      S.     Pexnixgtox,     F.L.S. 


ELEMENTS    OF    CONCHOLOGY:    an    Introduction   to  the 

Natural    History   of  Shells   and   of  the   Animals  which   form    them.      By  LOVELL 
REEVE,  F.LS.    2  vols.    62  Coloured  Plates.    21.10a 

CONCHOLOGIA   ICONICA;   or,  Figures  and  Descriptions  of 

the   shells    of   Moilnsks,    with    Remarks    on   their    Affinities,    synonymy,   and 
Geographical  Distribution.    By  LOVELL  REEVE,  F.LS.,  and  <:.  15.  SOWERBY, 

F.LS.     Complete  in  20  vols.,  4to,  with  2,727  Coloured  Plates,  h:ilf -calf,  ITS'. 

A   Detailed  List  of  Monograph*  and   Volume*  inn?/  be  had- 


London 


LOVELL  REEVE  &  CO.,  Limited,  Publishers  to  the  Homo,  Colonial,  and  Indian 
Governments,  6,  Henrietta  Street,  CoYent  Garden,   W.C. 


302 


rp 


Til  E     ATHENJEUM 


No.  4198,  Mau.ii  7,  1908 


WORKS  BY 
WILLIAM    THYNNE    LYNN. 


ELEVENTH  EDITION  NOW  READY. 

Trice  Two  Shillings  net. 

CELESTIAL    MOTIONS: 

A  Handy  Book  of  Astronomy. 

With  5  Plates. 

By  W.  T.  LYNN,  B.A.  F.R.A.S., 

Member  of  the  British  Astronomical  Association  ; 
formerly  of  the  Royal  Observatory,  Green- 
wich ;  Author  of  '  Remarkable  Comets,'  '  Re- 
markable Eclipses,'  '  Astronomy  for  the 
Young,'  &c. 
"  Well  known  as  one  of  our  best  introductions  to 

Astronomy." — Guardian. 


FIFTH  EDITION,  Revised  to  1908,  NOW 
READY,  fcap.  8vo,  cloth,  price  Sixpence. 

ASTRONOMY  FOR  THE 
YOUNG. 

By  W.  T.  LYNN,  B.A.  F.R.A.S. 

"  Nothing  better  of  its  kind  has  ever  appeared." 

English  Mechanic. 


NINTH  EDITION  IN  THE  PRESS. 
Fcap.  8vo,  cloth,  price  Sixpence. 

REMARKABLE  ECLIPSES: 

A  Sketch  of  the  most  interesting  Circumstances 
connected  with  the  Observation  of  Solar  and 
Lunar  Eclipses,  both  in  Ancient  and  Modern 
Times. 

By  W.  T.  LYNN,  B.A.  F.R.A.S. 


THIRTEENTH  EDITION  JUST  OUT,  price 
Sixpence,  cloth. 

REMARKABLE  COMETS: 

A  Brief  Survey  of  the  most  interesting  Facts  in 
the  History  of  Cometary  Astronomy. 

By    W.    T.    LYNN,    B.A.     F.R.A.S. 


SECOND  EDITION  NOW  READY,  price 
One  Shilling. 

BIBLE  CHRONOLOGY: 

The  Principal  Events  Recorded  in  the  Holy 
Scriptures,  arranged  under  their  Probable 
Respective  Dates,  with  a  Description  of  the 
Places  named,  and  a  Supplement  on  English 
Versions. 

By  W.  T.  LYNN,  B.A.  F.R.A.S., 

Associate  of  King's  College,  London,  Lay  Reader 
in  the  Diocese  of  Southwark. 


SECOND  EDITION,  fcap.  8vo,  price  Fourpence. 

1TEW  TESTAMENT 

CHRONOLOGY: 

The  Principal  Events  Recorded  in  the  New 
Testament,  arranged  under  their  Probable 
Respective  Dates. 

By  W.  T.  LYNN,  B.A.  F.R.A.S. 


London : 

SAMUEL  BAGSTER  &  SONS,  Limited, 

15,  Paternoster  Row. 


NOTES    AND    QUERIES. 

THIS   WEEK'S    NUMBER   CONTAINS— 

NOTES  :— (Jeorge  Peele— The  '  D.N.B.':  Additions  and  Corrections— Dodsley's  Famous  Collection  of 
Poetry— Kipling :   "Picaroon":   "Barrmooon"— The  Old  Bailey — Champion's  Vinegar  Brewery, 
City  Road — Defoe  :  The  Devil's  Chapel— Chained  Books  in  Prisons—'  Victoria  County  Histories' 
The  Godstone,  Formby— "  Prince"  Booth  by— Charles  Lamb  and  Winchmore  Hill         H 
Tracy." 

QUERIES: — The  "Golden  Couplets"  of  the  Dove — Prince  von  Hohenzolleru  -Madame  de  Mora — 
Nonconformist  Burial-Grounds  and  Gravestones- Fenians  and  Western  Australia — Alexandrian 
Library  at  Milan — Chained  Books  in  Iron  Covers — "  Sub  rosa" — Burial-Places  of  Artists — Leech- 

fathering — Brass:  Wylson  Family — 'The  Extraordinary  Ascent  of  the  Enchanted  Mountain' — 
Expedition   to  Ireland,   1573— Streatham  Place-Names— "  Still   waters  turn   no  mills" — "The 
Crooked  Billet" — Marks  Stone — Edouard  :  Silhouette  Portraits — Gladstone's  Horsemanship. 

REPLIES  : — Leap  Year — Authors  of  Quotations  Wanted — George  Fleetwood's  Portrait — Embroidery 
Pictures — Old  Pewter — "  Water-suchy  " — Seaweed  needing  Rain — "  Entente  Cordiale  " — Tenny- 
soniana  :  Cleopatra — Cremation  in  1769 — "  Camelian  " — Pre-Reformation  Parsonages — Shake- 
speare's Bones — "Truckee" — Brandenburgh  House  Sale — London  Remains — "Privet":  "Benny" 
— Estates  held  by  Peculiar  Tenures — '  Kitty  Fisher's  Jig.' 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS  :— '  The  Newspaper  Press  Directory  '—Campbell's  Poetical  Works—'  The  Royal 
Navy  ' — Reviews  and  Magazines. 

Booksellers'  Catalogues. 

Notices  to  Correspondents. 


LAST  WEEK'S  NUMBER  CONTAINS— 

NOTES  : — Constables  of  the  Tower  of  London — Westminster  Changes  in  1907— Halley  and  Pyke 
Families — Paulitian  Language — Book-plate  Verses — St.  Anthony's  Fire — Formation  of  Clouds — 
Old  Record  Office — Monumental  Inscriptions. 

QUERIES  : — Dolls  in  Magic — Vernon  of  Hodnet — Authors  Wanted — 8th  West  India  Regiment — 
'  The  History  of  King's  Place ' — Hampton  Court  and  Hampton — Tusser's  '  Husbandry,'  1848 — 
"Main":  its  Early  Meaning — Speech  after  Removal  of  Tongue — Burial-Places  of  Judges — 
Doomsday  Bell  at  Jerusalem — "Roundhead" — Mrs.  Mahon,  the  "Bird  of  Paradise" — 'English 
Minstrelsy  '  —  Marriage  Notices  from  '  The  Gentleman's  Magazine  '  —  '  History  of  Parish 
Registers ' — Proverb  on  Beating — Battle  of  the  Boyne  Army  List — Vivandieres — Anna  Seward's 
Portraits — Luminous  Owls — Chamberlain  of  Skipton — Harrow  Lands — Derivation  of  "Guide." 

REPLIES:— The  Treaty  of  Tilsit— Father  Paul  Sarpi's  Portraits— Two  Old  Proverbs— "  Fusil "— 
"The  Philobiblion " — Medieval  Churchyards:  Jack  Sheppard's  Burial-Place— Collar  for 
Reprieved  Criminal — White  Ensign — Initial  Letters  instead  of  Words — Authors  Wanted — 
Stansted  Press — Fannings  of  co.  Clare — Latin  Pronunciation — Dobb  Park  Castle — Capt.  Joseph 
Wiggins — "Hackney" — Hazlittiana — John  Shakespeare — "Prize":  its  History — Shakespeare's 
Compliment  to  Elizabeth — "Water-suchy" — Col.  Darcye's  Regiment — Hull  Railway  Report — 
Arniorel  as  a  Christian  Name — "  The  Clayton  Arms." 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS  :— Stebbing  on  the  Poets—'  The  Oxford  Book  of  French  Verse '— '  A  Cotteswold 
Manor' — '  Memorials  of  Old  Dorset.' 

Notices  to  Correspondents. 


JOHN  C.  FRANCIS  and  J.  EDWARD  FRANCIS, 
Notes  and  Queries  Office,  Bream's  Buildings,  Chancery  Lane,  E.C.  ;  and  of  all  Newsagents. 

AUTHORIZED    TO    BE     USED    BY 
BRITISH    SUBJECTS. 


THE      NATIONAL      FLAG, 


BEING 


THE   UNION  JACK. 


COPIES  OF 


NOTES   AND    QUERIES 

FOR  JUNE  30,  1900, 

Is.  \d.  free  by  post,  containing  an  Account  of  the  Flag,  with  Coloured  Illustration 

according  to  scale.  [Repriutiiuj. 


JOHN  C.  FRANCIS  and  J.  EDWARD  FRANCIS, 
Notes  and  Queries  Office,  Bream's  Buildings,  Chancery  Lane,  E.C. 


No.  4193,  March  7,  1908 


THE    ATHENAEUM 


308 


CAMBRIDGE    LOCAL    EXAMINATIONS,    1908. 

A  NEW  WORK  ON  THE  MOST  MODERN  LINES. 

A    RATIONAL    GEOGRAPHY. 

By  ERNEST  YOUNG,  B.Sc,  Head  Master  of  the  Lower  School  of  John  Lyon,  Harrow. 
In  Three  Parts,  with  numerous  Maps  and  Diagrams.    Cloth,  crown  8vo,  Is.  6d.  each. 


Part      I    CLIMATE,  THE  BRITISH  ISLES,  EUROPE. 


[Heady. 


Part    II.  TIDES,  WINDS,  CURRENTS,    LATITUDE    AND    LONGITUDE,   AMERICA, 
AFRICA.  [Beady. 

Part  III.   MAP  DRAWING,  MAP  PROJECTION,  SURVEYING,  ASIA,  AUSTRALASIA. 

[In  the  press. 
HINTS  ON  TEACHING  GEOGRAPHY.    By  the  Same  Author.    6d.  net. 

This  is  a  new  work  on  the  most  modern  lines,  and  so  arranged  that  it  meets  the  requirements  of  all  the  ordinary 
Preliminary  and  Junior  University  Local  Examinations.  Though  primarily  intended  to  meet  the  requirements  of  the 
Board  of  Education's  Syllabus  for  three  out  of  the  Four  Years'  Course  in  Geography,  it  is  at  the  same  time  admirably 
adapted  for  the  use  of  Candidates  taking  the  Cambridge  Examinations  of  1908.  Specimen  Pages  free. 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


GENERAL   INDEXES. 


OUR  OWN  ISLANDS :  Elementary  Studies  in  Geography.     For 

Lower  Forms  of  Secondary  Schools.  By  H.  J.  MACKINDER,  M.A.,  Director  of  the  School  of  Economics 
and  Political  Science,  University  of  London ;  late  Reader  in  Geography,  University  of  Oxford.  With  14  Coloured 
Maps,  18  Coloured  Plates,  numerous  Illustrations  and  Sketch  Maps.  In  Two  Parts,  each  Is.  Zd. ;  or  in  1  vol., 
2s.  6d,    Prospectus  free. 

FOR    OXFORD    AND    CAMBRIDGE    EXAMS.,    &e. 

CONSTRUCTIONS  IN  PRACTICAL  GEOMETRY.      Intended  for 

Candidates  for  the  Oxford  and  Cambridge  School  Examinations,  Scottish  Leaving  Certificate,  and  Army  Qualifying 
Examinations.  By  H.  F.  WESTLAKE,  B.A.Oxon.,  Senior  Mathematical  Master,  Lancing  College.  Crown  8vo,  Is. 
Prospectus  free. 

CATALOGUE    OF    NEW    PUBLICATIONS    FREE    ON    APPLICATION. 


GEORGE  PHILIP  &  SON,  Ltd.,  32,  Fleet  Street,  London. 


THE    GRAND    CLIMACTERIC. 

'The  grand  climateric  period  was  fixed  at  63  by  the  classical  authors  in  the  Man. 
They  were  not  far  wrong,  except  that  there  is  no  one  year  of  Life  to  which  it  can  be 
strictly  confined.  .  .  .There  are  present  in  many  post-climacteric  people  vague  feelings 
of  organic  bodily  discomfort  which  are  difficult  to  analyze  and  impossible  to  name. 
They  do  not  amount  to  pain  nor  to  unhappiness,  but  there  is  a  something  which 
interferes  with  the  full  enjoyment  of  life  and  which  means  that  the  processes  of 
nutrition  and  the  working  of  the  great  internal  organs  connected  with  digestion  ~re 
not  done  as  well  as  before  and  no  longer  give  conscious  satisfaction.  This  feeling  is 
often  connected  with  a  newly-developed  constipation  of  the  bowels  and  with  a  diminished 
keenness  of  the  appetite  for  food.' — 'The  Hygiene  of  Mind.' — T.  S.  Clouston. 

ENO'S  'FRUIT  SALT 

will  be  found  at  this  critical  period  of  life  a  valuable  remedy,  gently  coaxing,  as  it  were, 
by  natural  means,  the  enfeebled  functions  back  to  normal  health  and  activity. 

'Accuse  not  Nature,  She  has  done  her  part,  do  thou  thine.' — Milton. 

'As  Health  is  such  a  blessing,  and  the  very  source  of  all  pleasure,  it  may  be  worth  the  pains 
to  discover  the  region  where  it  grows,  the  springs  that  feed  it,  the  customs  and  methods  by  which 
it  is  best  cultivated  and  preserved.' — Sir  W.  Templk. 

CAUTION.— Examine  the  capsule,  and  see  that  it  is  marked  ENO'S  'FRUIT  SALT  J 
Without  it  yon  have  the  sincer  est  form  of  flattery — IMITATION. 

Prepared  only  by  J.  C.  ENO  (Limited),  '  FRUIT  SALT'  WORKS,  LONDON,  S.E. 

NEXT  WEEK'S  ATHENJEUM  will  contain 
Reviews  of  BOMBAY  IN  THE  DAYS  OF 
GEORGE  IV.  and  A  HISTORY  OF  MILAN 
UNDER   THE   SFORZA. 


THE  FOLLOWING  ARE  STILL  IN 

STOCK:— 

£    s .     d. 
GENERAL  INDEX, 

FOURTH  SERIES     -330 

GENERAL  INDEX, 

SIXTH  SERIES         ..060 

GENERAL  INDEX, 

SEVENTH  SERIES  ..060 


GENERAL  INDEX, 
EIGHTH  SERIES 


0    6    0 


For  Copies  by  post  an  additional  Three- 
pence is  charged. 


JOHN  C.  FRANCIS  &  J.  EDWARD  FRANCIS, 

Notes  and  Queries  Office,  Bream's  Buildings,  E.C. 

Insurance  (Companies. 

NATIONAL 

pROVIDE NT 

INSTITUTION 

FOR 

MUTUAL     LIFE     ASSURANCE. 

Established  1835. 

ASSURANCE    AND    INVESTMENT. 

Write  for  Leaflet  on  net  cost  of  Endowment  Assurances. 
48,  Gracechurch  Street,  London,  E.C. 

Applications  for  Agencies  invited, 

ACCIDENTS  OF  ALL  KINDS,    SICKNESS, 
EMPLOYERS'  LIABILITY,  BURGLARY,  AND 
FIDELITY  GUARANTEE  RISKS 

INS0RKI)  AGAINST  ItY  TIIK 

"DAILWAY  PASSENGERS'  ASSURANCE  CO. 

Cai'ltM  (fully  Milwcrllwd)  fioon.non.  Clnimt  r*ld  tB.400.000, 


OORNHILI-,  LONDON. 


A.  VIAN.  8«r*Ury 


:HU 


T  II  E     AT  II  KN^UM 


No.  H93,  Mabcb  7,  1008 


WARD,    LOCK    &    CO.S    LIST. 


6s. 


SECOND    LARGE    EDITION    NOW    READY. 


6s. 


THE  MOTHER.     EDEN  PHILLPOTTS 


Daily  Telegraph. 

"  With  no  desire  to  use  iv  commonplace  phrase, 
this  is  Mr.  l'liillputts'  best  book.  Whatever  may 
be  the  value  of  some  fiction,  it  will  do  every  man 
and  woman  good  to  read  this  book.  Its  perusal 
should  leave  the  reader  in  a  higher  air.  And  with 
all  that,  it  fulfils  to  the  utmost  the  novel's  greatest 
function,  to  hold  the  whole  and  undivided  atten- 
tion and  interest  of  the  reader. " 


Westminster  Gazette. 

"'The  Mother '  is  one  of  the  simplest  and,  in 
our  judgment,  one  of  the  best  stories  which  Mr. 
Phillpotts  has  written.  It  is  a  valuable  addition 
to  the  romances  of  Dartmoor." 


Morning  Post. 

"'The  Mother'  is  a  rich  and  beautiful  book, 
alive  and  true,  captivating  us  instantly,  and  never 
allowing  our  interest  to  drop  and  flag." 


Western  Mercury. 

"  That  the  mere  language  of  the  book  is  beautiful 
goes  without  saying.  Mr.  Phill] 
of  Dartmoor  scenery  and  Dartmoor  skies  are  prose- 
poems,  if  there  ever  were  prose-poems.  Every 
word  is  the  best  word  in  its  place,  and  the 
innumerable  consummate  little  strokes  make  com- 
plete pictures  which  have  rarely  been  equalled. 
From  whatever  point  of  view  one  may  look  at 
'  The  Mother,"  it  is  not  merely  equal  to  the  author' - 
previous  best,  hut  excels  it." 


Athenaeum. 

"  Mr.  Phillpotts  has  a  famous  style,  rich  and  generous,  and  his  moor  draws  the  best  out  of  him.  His  pictures  of  nature  are  singularly  vivid  and 
delectable.  The  figure  of  Avisa  Pomeroy  is  drawn  with  great  tenderness  and  detail.  It  becomes  under  the  hands  of  Mr.  Phillpotts  a  vivid  portrait  with  all 
the  lines  and  colours  of  life.     '  The  Mother '  ranks  high  among  his  works." 


SIX    SHILLINGS      EACH. 


CRAVEN      FORTUNE. 

By    -  -  FRED  M.  WHITE. 

"'Craven  Fortune'  is  a  tale  of  extraor- 
dinary complexity,  ingeniously  conceived, 
through  a  series  of  strange  and  thrilling 
situations,  which  command  and  hold  the 
reader's  attention  to  the  end." 

Daily  Telegraph. 

RADFORD    SHONE. 

By     -        -        -      HEADON    HILL. 

"  The  detective  story  has  always  had  a 
fascination  for,,  me,  and  few  authors  of 
this  class  of  work  give  me  so  much 
genuine    plenw: 

I   .,  .    >.:      .  .J.    of 

oke,  and  le  of 

it  I  Bhall  now   put  '  Shone."" 

D<  rtiser. 

FIRST  PFRSGxi  PARAMOUNT. 

By  '    -        -      AMBROSE    PRATT. 

att    has    | 
aiu- 

than  his  notorious  Vigorous  Daunt.  ,  n0 
rapid  succession  of  thrilling  scenes  through 
which  his  characters  move  carry  one  along 
with  breathless  interest. " — Daily  Graphic. 


A      TANGLED      WEB.    T 


By     - 


L.  G.  MOBERLY. 


"Miss  Moberly  grips  the  interest  from 
the  first  chapter,  and  maintains  it  right  to 
the  end.  Never  did  the  web  of  circum- 
stantial evidence  weave  closer  around 
any  one  than  around  Evelyn  Templeton." 
Daily  Graphic. 

DANCING    LEAVES. 


By  -       -    G 

■'A  powi 

stor\ 

best  and   naos 

con  t . 


•RTRUDE  WARDEN. 

cold  and  deeply  interesting 
be  regarded  as  by  far  the 
exciting   of  the  writer's 

)  the  library  of  fiction." 

Leicester  Post. 


DR.  TON'S      SUCCESS. 


By 


-      A.  C.  GUNTER. 


"  A  characteristic  example  of  the  talent 
of  an  able,  interesting  novelist,  and  is 
sure  to  be  widely  read." — Scotsman. 


N        M 


N. 


By 


TOM    GALLON. 


' '  The  story  is  well  considered  and  well 
written,  and  worthy  of  a  place  among  the 
books  which  provide  genuine  entertain- 
ment."— Daily  Telegraph. 


NOT       PROVEN. 

By  ALICE  and  CLAUDE  ASKEW. 

The  authors  have  attained  enormous 
success  with  their  many  brilliant  novels 
and  plays,  chiefly  notable  amongst  which 
are  'The  Shulaniite,'  'The  Baxter 
Family,'  'The  Etonian,'  &c. 

A  GILDED  SERPENT. 


By 


DICK  DONOVAN. 


Dick  Donovan  is  well  known  for  his  very 
popular  series  of  detective  tales,  of  which 
he  has  written  more  than  fifty.  This  is 
a  story  of  love,  vengeance,  and  poaching. 


the  WINDSOR   MAGAZINE  for  MARCH 


SIR    GILBERT    PARKERS 

NEW   STORY. 
ONCE   AT    RED    MAN'S    RIVER. 

THE  ART  OF  FRED  ROE. 
20  Fine  Reproductions. 

TRAINING    FOR    THE    ROYAL    NAVY. 
With  many  Illustrations. 

BIRD  LIFE  IN  THE   SPANISH  MARISMAS. 

Many  striking  Photographs. 


CONTAINS: 
ROBERT    BARR'S 

YOUNG       LORD       STRANLEIGH. 

Another  complete  Episode. 

MORE     ABOUT      MARS. 

Interesting  Illustrations. 

COMPLETE    STORIES    BY 

ORME     AGNUS. 

FRANCES     RIVERS. 

CHRISTOPHER     ST.    JOHN. 


FRED    M.    WHITE'S 

NEW    STORY 
CROSSED    SWORDS. 

THE    EXPLORATION    OF    LABRADOR. 
With  many  interesting  Photographs. 

The  whole  Number  is  lavishly  illustrated  by — 
Claude  Shkpperson         Gunning  King 
Cecil  Aldin  Cvias  Ci.neo 

Fred  Pecram  Gilbert  Holiday 

&c.  <fcc.  &c.  &.C. 


WARD,    LOCK    &    CO.,    Limited,    Salisbury   Square,    London,    E.C. 


Editorial  Communications  should  be  addressed  to  "  TriE  EDITOR  "— Adverts  imnts  and  Budnau  letters  to  "  THE  PUBLISHERS"— at  the  Office.  Breams  Buildings,  Chancery  Lane.  EC. 
-ubliBhed  Weekly  by  JOHN  C.  FRANCIS  and  J.  EDWARD  FRANCIS  at  Brain's  Buildings,  Chancery  Lane,  E.C,  and  Printed  l.y  3.  EDWARD  FRANCIS,  Athcnaniiu  Press,  Breams  Building*.  Chancery  Lane.  E.C 

Agents  for  Scotland,  Messrs.  BKLL  &  ERADFUTE  and  Mr.  JOHN  MENZIES,  Edinburgh.— Saturday,  March  T,  190S. 


u 


THE  ATHEN^UM 

fmmtal  d  CSttjglijsIj  atti  jftfmgn  literature  Garnet,  tfa  jfin*  $,rts,  Jltttsk  anir  tltf  Drama* 


No.  4194 


SATURDAY,   MARCH    14,    1908. 


PRICE 
THREEPENCE. 

REGISTERED  AS  A  NEWSPAPER. 


J£tctur*s. 


T 


HE      BRITISH      ACADEMY. 


SCHWEICH  LECTURES  ON  BIBLICAL  ARCHAEOLOGY. 
The  Rev.  S.  R.  DRIVER,  D.I).,  Fellow  of  the  British  Academy, 
Regius  Professor  of  Hebrew  in  the  University  of  Oxford,  will  deliver 
the  INAUGURAL  SCHWKICH  LECTURES  on  WEDNESDAY, 
March  IS,  MONDAY,  March  30.  and  THURSDAY.  April  2,  at 
5  o'clock,  in  THE  THEATRE.  BURLINGTON  HOUSE,  BURLING- 
TON GARDENS.  W.  (Vigo  Street),  on  'Archaeological  Research  in 
Relation  to  Biblical  Study.'  Lecture  I.  'Sketch  of  the  Progress  of 
Research  during  the  Last  Century.'  Lectures  II.  and  III.  'Canaan 
as  known  through  Inscription  aud  Excavation.'  The  Lectures  are 
open  to  the  Public. 


jiorwitts. 


ROYAL  HISTORICAL  SOCIETY. 
(Incorporated  by  Royal  Charter.) 
An  ORDINARY  MEETING  of  the  SOCIETY  will  be  held  on 
THURSDAY.  March  19  at  5  r.M.  at  7.  SOUTH  SQUARE,  GRAYS 
INN.  W.C..  when  Sir  HENRY  HO  WORTH,  K.C.I.E.  F.R.S.  will  read 
a  Paper  on  '  The  Rise  of  Julius  Cussar,  with  an  Account  of  his  Early 
Friends,  Enemies,  and  Rivals'  (Part  II.). 

H.  E.  MALDEN,  Hon.  Sec. 

THE  FOLK-LORE  SOCIETY— The  NEXT 
MEETING  of  this  SOCIETY  will  be  held  at 23.  ALBEMARLE 
STREET,  PICCADILLY,  on  WEDNESDAY.  March  18,  at  8  p.m., 
when  a  Lecture  on  'Folk  Music'  will  be  given  by  Mr.  CECIL  .7. 
SHARP.  The  Lecture  will  lie  illustrated.  Vocalist,  Miss  MATTIE 
KAY  (Bechstein  Grand  Pianoforte). 

F.  A.  MILNE,  Secretary. 
11,  Old  Square,  Lincoln's  Inn,  W.C..  March  9, 1908. 


fjnriri&eni  Binstitniions. 

"VTEWSVENDORS'  BENEVOLENT  AND 

JL>  PROVIDENT  INSTITUTION. 

Founded  1839. 
Funds  exceed  27,000!. 
Office :  15  and  16,  Farriugdon  Street,  London,  E.C. 
Patron  : 
The  Right  Hon.  THE  EARL  OF  ROSEB12RY,  K.G.  K.T. 
President : 
The   LORD   OLENESK. 
Treasurer  : 
THE  LONDON  AND  WESTMINSTER  BANK.  LIMITED. 
OBJECTS— This  Institution  was  established  in  1839  in  the  City  of 
London,   under  the  Presidency  of  the  late  Alderman  Ilarmer,  for 
granting   Pensions   and    Temporary    Assistance    to    principals    and 
assistants  engaged  as  vendors  of  Newspapers. 

MEMBERSHIP.— Every  Man  or  Woman  throughout  the  United 
Kingdom,  whether  Publisher,  Wholesaler,  Retailer,  Employer,  or 
Employed,  is  entitled  to  become  a  Member  of  this  Institution,  and 
rnioy  its  benefits  upon  payment  of  Five  Shillings  annually,  or  Three 
Guineas  (or  life,  provided  that  he  or  she  is  engaged  in  the  sale  of 
Newspapers,  and  such  Members  who  thus  contribute  secure  priority 
of  consideration  in  the  event  of  their  needing  aid  from  the  Institution. 
PENSIONS.— The  Annuitants  now  number  Thirty-six,  the  Men 
recoil  ins  v:>l.  and  the  Women  20/.  per  annum  each. 

The  "Royal  Victoria  Pension  Fund,"  commemorating  the  great 
advantages  the  News  Trade  enjoyed  under  the  rule  of  Her  late 
Majesty  Oueen  Victoria,  provides  201.  a  y*r.x  each  for  Six  Widows  of 
Ncwevendors, 

The  "Francis  Fund  "provides  Pensions  mr  One  Man,  257.,  and  One 

Woman  SOL,  anil  was  socially  subscribed  in  memory  of  the  late  John 

Francis,  who  died  on  April  u,  1882,  and  was  for  more  than  fiit.v  years 

Publisher  Of  the  AUuwBUtn.     lie  took  an  active  and  lea-ling  part 

throughout  the  whole  period  of  the  agitation  for  the  repeal  of  the 

then  existing  "Taxes  on  Knowledge,"  and  was  for  very  many 

i  staunch  supporter  of  this  Institution. 

The  "  Horace  Marshall  Pension  Fund"  is  the  gift  of  the  late  Mr. 

e  Brooks  Marshall.     The  employe*  of  that  firm  have  primary 

right  of  election  to  its  benefits. 

The  "Herbert  Lloyd  Pension  Fund"  provides  2.rJ.  i>er  annum  for 
One  mail,  in  perpetual  and  grateful  memory  ot  Mr.  Herbert  Lloyd,  who 
died  May  12,  1889. 

The  principal  features  cif  the  Rulesgoverning  elect  ion  to  all  Pensions 
are,  that  each  Candidate  shall  have  been  (i)  a  Member  of  the  Institu- 
tion for  not  less  than  ten  years  preceding  application  ;  12)  not  less  than 
titty -five  years  of  age  ;  (3)  engaged  in  the  sale  of  Newspapers  for  at  least 
<rs 

RELIEF,  Temporary  relief  is  given  in  cases  of  distress,  not  only 
to  Members  Of  the  Institution,  but  to  Ncwsvendors  or  their  servants 
who  may  be  recommended  for  assistance  by  Members  of  the  Institu- 
tion. Inquiry  is  made  in  such  rases  by  Visiting  Committees,  and 
relief  is  awarded  in  accordance  nit h  the  merits  ami  rcuuiremrnts  of 
each  case.  W.  WILKIE  JUNES.  Secretary. 


T 


HE    BOOKSELLERS'    PROVIDENT 

INSTITUTION. 

Founded  MX) 

Pntron-HElt  MAJESTY  QUEER  ALEXANDRA. 

Invested  Capital,  30,0001. 

A      UNIQUE      INVESTMENT 

Offend  to  London  DooksaUsn  and  their  Assistants, 

A  young  man  or  woman  of  twenty  five  ean  Invest  the  *tnn  of  Twenty 

Gulneiu  lot  Its  equivalent  by  instalments),  and  obtain  the  right  to 

part  ii  hiote  in  the  following  advantages  : — 

Fill  a  from  want  in  time  of  Adversity  as  long  ns  need 

«Ni-ts. 

h:<  •>NI>   Permanent  Relief  in  old  Age 

THIRD.  Medical  Advice  by  eminent  Physicians  and  Burgeons 

FOl  HTM    A  Cottage  in  the  Country  tAhliots  Lnnglrr,  Hertford- 
for  aged   Members,   with   garden   produce,   coal,   and    medical 
attendance  free,  In  addition  to  an  annuity, 

1  II  Til.  A  furnished  house  In  the  same  Retreat  at  Abl«ot»  I/inelry 
foi  the  use  of  Members  and  their  families  for  holidays  or  during 
cmivald 

SIXTH.  A  contribution  towards  Funeral  ex]iensef  when  It  Is  needed. 

BEVENTH.  All  these  are  available  n,,t  for  Members  only,  bvi 
for  their  \*  he*  or  widows  and  roung  children. 

EIGHTH  The  payment  of  the  subscriptions  confers  an  absolute 
right  to  these  benefits  in  all  oases  of  need. 

For  further  Information  npplv  to  the  Secretary  Ma.  OEOROB 
LAllNER,  2H,  Paternoster  Row  I .< 


DURER,  REMBRANDT,  &c.      EXHIBITION 
of  Engravings  and  Etchings  NOW  OPEN  at 

MR.  R.  GUTEKUNSTS, 
16,  King  Street,  St.  James's.  S.W.    10-6.    Is. 

ROYAL   SOCIETY   OF  PAINTER-ETCHERS 
AND  ENGRAVERS,  fit..  Pall  Mall  East.  S.W.— SIth  ANNUAL 
EXHIBITION  NOW  'OPEN,  10  6.    Admission  Is. 

W.  P.  D.  STEBBING,  Secretary. 


R 


OYAL    ACADEMY     EXHIBITION, 

1908. 

RECEIVING    DAYS. 
WATER  COLOURS,  MINIATURES,  BLACK  and  WHITE  DRAW- 
INGS.      ENGRAVINGS,       ETCHINGS,       ARCHITECTURAL 
DRAWINGS,  and  all  other   WORKS  under  GLASS,   FRIDAY, 
March  27. 
OIL  PAINTINGS.  SATURDAY,  March  28,  and  MONDAY,  March  30. 
SCULPTURE,  TUESDAY,  March  31. 

No  work  will  under  any  circumstances  he  received  before  or  after 
these  specified  dates. 

All  works  must  he  delivered  at  the  Burlington  Gardens  Entrance. 
None  will  be  received  at  the  Piccadilly  Entrance. 
Hours  for  the  reception  of  works,  7  a.m.  to  10  cm. 
Forms  and   Labels  can  be  procured  (during  the  month  of  March 
only)  from  the  Academy.    Applications  must  be  accompanied  by  a 
stamped  and  addressed  envelope. 


(£  durational. 


T  IBRARY  ASSOCIATION.— PROFESSIONAL 

.Li  EXAMINATION— The  NEXT  PROFESSIONAL  EXAMINA- 
TION of  the  LIBRARY  ASSOCIATION  will  be  held  MAY  18-2!,  1908. 
at  the  ST.  BRIDE  FOUNDATION,  Fleet  Street.  E.C,  and  at  various 
Provincial  Centres.  Last  date  of  entry,  APRIL  20.  Copies  of  the 
Syllabus,  together  with  all  details,  can  be  obtained  on  application  to 
ERNEST  A.  BAKER,  M.A.  D.Litt.,  Hon.  Sec.  Education  Committee, 
24,  Whitcomb  Street,  W.C. 

T  IBRARY    ASSOCIATION. —SUMMER 

JLi  SCHOOL.— A  SUMMER  SCHOOL  for  PROVINCIAL  and  other 
STUDENTS  will  be  held  at  tho  LONDON  SCHOOL  of  ECONOMICS. 
JULY  13-18,  1908.  Courses  of  Lectures  will  be  given  in  all  Sections  of 
the  Syllabus,  and  visits  to  Libraries  and  Printing  and  Binding  Works 
will  be  arranged.  Applications  for  admission  should  he  sent  not  later 
than  APRIL  16.  to  ERNEST  A.  BAKER.  M.A.  D.Litt.,  Hon.  Sec. 
Education  Committee,  24,  Whitcomb  Street,  W.C. 

THE  DOWNS  SCHOOL,  SEAFORD,  SUSSEX. 
Head  Mistress— Miss  LUCY  ROBINSON,  M.A.  (late  Second  Mis- 
tress St.  Felix  School.  Southwold).  References:  The  Principal  of 
Bedford  College.  London  ;  The  Master  of  Peterhouse,  Cambridge. 


E 


DUCATION. 

Parents  or  Guardians  desiring  accurate  information  relative  to 
the  CHOICE  of  SCHOOLS  for  BOYS  or  GIRLS  or 
TUTORS  in  England  or  Abroad 
are  invited  to  call  upon  or  send  f  ullv  detailed  particulars  to 

MESSRS.  GABBITAS,  TURING  &  CO., 
for  more  than  thirty  years  have  been  closely  in  touch  with  the 
ing  Educational  Establishments. 


who 
lead 
A 
late  Head  Master  of  Uppingham,  36,  Sackville  Street,  Lou 


lvicc,  free  of  charge,  is  given  by  Mr.   TnRING.  Nephew  of  the 

•     ldou,  W. 


J  EDUCATION  (choice  of  Schools  and  Tutors 
-i  Gratis).  Prospectuses  of  English  and  Continental  Schools,  and 
of  successful  Army,  Civil  Service,  and  University  Tutors,  sent  (free 
of  charge)  on  receipt  of  requirements  by  GRIFFITHS.  SMITH. 
POWELL  &  SMITH,  School  Agents  (established  1883),  34,  Bedford 
Street,  Strand,  W.C. 


c 


Situations  tlarant. 

WELSH   INTERMEDIATE   EDUCATION   ACT.    1839. 

E  N  T  R  A  L         WELSH         BOARD. 


APPOINTMENT  OF   ASSISTANT   EXAMINERS. 

The  EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE  of  the  BOARD  will  shortly 
proceed  to  the  appointment  of  assistant  examiners  In  the 
following  Subjects  :-TW0  in  ENGLISH  LANGUAGE  AND 
LITERATURE;  TWO  in  MATHEMATICS;  ONE  in  WELSH; 
TV.o  in  FRENCH;  and  ONE  in  DRAWING. 

Particulars  relating  to  the  Appointments  may  be  obtained  from  the 
undersigned  not  later  than  TUESDAY,  March  24,  1908.  Applicants 
arc  requested  to  name  the  Subject  in  respect  of  which  they  desire 
Information  OWEN  OWEN,  Chief  Inspector. 

I  entral  Welsh  Board,  Cardiff.  March  9,  1908. 


u 


NIVERSITY  COLLEGE  OF  SOUTH  WALES 

AND  MONMOUTHSHIRE. 

CoLEO    PBIFATHROI'AOL    DEHKUDIR    CYMRU 

A     MYNWY.    CAERDVDD. 

The  COUNCIL  of  the  COLLEGE  Invites  application  for  the  post  of 
PROFE8SOK  of  GREEK,  al  tho  annual  Salary  of  UN. 

Further  particulars  may  be  obtained  from  the  undersigned,  to 
whom  applications,  with  Testimonials,  should  be  sent  on  or  before 

SATUK,,AS       '  .'.   JENKINS.  B.A..  Registrar. 

F.  l.i  nary  7,  iws. 


Ir1)INBUK(JII    AND    EAST    OF   SCOTLAND 
!i  college  OF  AGRICULTURE. 

LECTURESHIP  IN  biology. 

Tin-  GOVERNORS   invite   applications  foi    tl We  LECTURE 

ship     Solar)  tool,  per  annum,  rising  by  annual  increments  of  lot, 

Particulars    mav   be    bad    from    W     S(  OTT    M  I  F>i. . 

Secretary,  13,  George  Square.  Edinburgh,  to  whom  applications  should 
t„     .  Dl  not  later  than  APRIL  7. 


Yearly  Subscription,  free  by  post,  Inland, 
15s.  3d. ;  Foreign,  18s.  Entered  at  the  New 
York  Post  Office  as  Second  Class  matter. 


THE    ATHEN^SUM    is    published   on 
FRIDAY  AFTERNOON  at  2  o'clock. 


H 


ANLEY        EDUCATION        COMMITTEE. 


MUNICIPAL  SECONDARY  SCHOOL. 

WANTED.  MAY  5,  1908,  an  ASSISTANT  MASTER  for  General 
Form  Work  (including  some  Latin).  Salary  according  to  scale, 
commencing  at  1252.  Teaching  experience  essential.  A  Graduate 
preferred. 

It  is  probable  that  an  additional  sum  of  aliout  101.  per  Session  for 
Evening  Work  will  be  paid  to  a  suitable  applicant. 

Forms  of  Application  maybe  obtained  from  the  undersigned,  and 
should  be  returned  without  delay. 

JOHN  HODDER,  Secretary. 

Town  Hall,  Hanley. 


A     Wed 


SPECIAL  BOOK  SALESMAN  WANTED.— 

We  desire  to  secure  the  services  of  a  man  of  known  ability  and 
standing  in  this  particular  field,  with  a  view  to  introducing  a  New 
Work  of  the  highest  class.  The  Commission  will  run  to  about  751.  per 
order,  anil  the  Publication  is  one  of  special  interest  to  our  Leading 
Families.  Correspondence  desired  only  from  men  who  can  interview 
this  class— Address  A.  Z„  care  of  George  Radford,  S,  Henrietta  Street, 
t'ovent  Garden,  W.C. 

JUNIOR     SALESMAN      REQUIRED    by 

*J  TECHNICAL  BOOKSELLER  in  LONDON.  Must  be  intelligent, 
of  smart  appearance,  and  good  character.  Age  I S  to  20.— Apply  to  Box 
13G3,  Athenaeum  Press,  1.1,  Bream's  Buildings,  E.C. 

Situations  WUntro. 

SECRETARY.— GENTLEMAN,   with   Literary 

O  qualifications,  seeks  ENGAGEMENT  as  PRIYATE  SECRE- 
TARY. Honours  Degree  in  Science  at  London  University,  and  seven 
years'  Business  experience  in  a  large  Manufactory. — Apply  Box  1H50, 
Athenicum  Press,  13,  Bream's  Buildings,  Chancery  Lane,  E.C. 

GENTLEWOMAN  (YOUNG),  wishes  RE- 
ENGAGEMENT,  Literary.  Secretarial,  or  Social.  Experienced 
Literary  Reader,  Correspondent.  Proof-Corrector,  Novel-Reviewer. 
Languages.  Shorthand,  &c.  Would  travel.— L.  S.  P.,  1,  Edward  Street, 
Vincent  Square. 


JJUsttUanmts. 


PRIVATE  TOURS  FOR  GENTLEWOMEN.— 

-L  Mediaeval  Chateaux  of  France.  Province  of  Touraine,  Fontaine- 
Mean,  Versailles,  fcc.,  APRIL  2.  Italian  Tour  repeated  APRIL  89 
(Home.  Naples.  Venice.  Florence,  &c).  Switzerland,  JUNE.  Refer- 
ences exchanged.— Miss  BISHOP,  2",  St.  George's  Road,  Kilbui  n,  N.W. 

LITERARY  RESEARCH  undertaken  at  the 
British  Museum  ami  elsewhere  on  moderate  terms.  Excellent 
Testimonials— A.  B.,  Box  1062,  Athenaeum  Press,  13,  Bream's 
Buildings,  Chancery  Lane,  E.C. 

rpo  AUTHORS  and  publishers.—  INDEXING, 

_L  Technical,  Scientific,  and  General,  carefully  undertaken  bv 
Miss  JAMES  and  Miss  F.  BEALES.  —  Excellent  references.— (aie  of 
Richardson  &  Co.,  SB,  Suffolk  Street,  Pall  Mall  East,  S.W. 


THE  AMATEUR  who  advertised  in  these 
columns  last  month  has  sold  the  major  portion  of  his  COL 
LECTION  of  FIRST  EDITIONS  and  interesting  AUTOGRAPH 
copies  of  ENGLISH  CLASSICS.  Henow  offers  the  REMAINDER 
nl  further  reduced  prices.    Ms.  List  will  be  sent  on  Loan' 

buyers. -F.  HERBERT,  34,  Great  Towel  Street,  EC, 

NORTHERN  NEWSPAPER  SYNDICATE, 
Kendal  SUPPLIES  EDITORS  with  LITERARY  MATTER, 
and  invites  Authors  to  submit  MSS.  of  Serials.  Short  Stories,  and 
Articles.  Proposals  for  Serial  Use  of  all  high  class  Literary  Matter 
receive  careful  and  prompt  consideration.  Telegraphic  Address, 
"Syndicate,  Kendal." 

DRAINING    FOR   PRIVATE  SECRETARIAL 
*-  WORK  AND  INDEXING. 

Secretarial  Bureau:  Ha,  CONDUIT  ST.,  bond  ST..  LONDON,  W. 
Founded  18W  Telephone:  MM  Qbuard, 

Miss  PETHERBRIDGE  (Nat.  Boi.  Tripos). 

Fm  i..oi.  Bl  ini  IsmiA  On  i,i  ,•■  Indexer  of  the  Ea-t  India 
Company's  H< rds ;  Dutch  and  Portuguese  Translator. 

The  Drapers' Company's  Records  Catalogued  and  Arranged, 

The  Libra. y  "f  the  Rl  Hon  W.  II.  Long,  m  r  .  si  Rood  eYthton, 
Wilts,  Catalogued  and  Arranged. 

Imoxmi  oi    -The  Records  of  the  County  Borough  of  Oardifl  :  The 

....  IF ,..!,  ■    Tl..    lit      .    U,>  ,L  *  of  tltcltiivnll  ', >iiim, I,...,.. us 


Minutes  of  the  F.il  uc  at  l.m  <  nlnniltt 't  I  lie  somerset  >  .num.?  1  YIUIICII. 

MISS  PF.TIIEUIlltinoF.  trains  from  Three  to  siv   Pupils  every 
,,.,,    (,„    Private,    Secretarial,   and   Special    Indexing   Work,     The 
training  Is  one  ol  tpprentii  eshlp.  Pupils  starting  as  Junl       M 
,,f  the  staff  anil  working  up  through  all  the  Brani  hes     It  i-  pi  i 
on  actual  «oik,  ca.  Ii  Pupil  being  Individual!]  coached     The  training 

U   of  Indexing    which   Includes   Research   Work   and    I 
Writing-Shorthand,  Type  Writing,  and  Business  Training 

THE  TECHNIQUE  OF  INDEXING,     Bv  Miri   PiTusnnntm.i . 

,',S.   .Id    |H>st  free. 


306 


Til  K     ATHKNiEUM 


No.  4194,  March  14,  1908 


S.Y. 


A  RG  ON  A  UT      OBUZ8  EH, 

^98*1  IS  -UtjUt      MABSBILLBS,  ATHENS.  ( oNHTANTINOPI.E 
I'AIKVrl.NK    ElAlT    NAPLES      M  Altcll   l  I  to  A  PHIL  i:; 

191    I  MM   -I  II  LES.   Tl  Ms.   SI.  II.V.    MALTA.    NAI'I.KH 

Al.l.li  SECRETARY,  ft,  Rndalrurh  G  ir.lcns.  N.W.  ;  I.  Charing  Cross. 
B  w.  .  M,  PlocadlUy,  W. .  88*  Oku Btreet.  E.C. 


A  UTHORS' MSS. ,  NOVELS, STORIES, PLAYS, 

XX.  essays  type -written  with  oompUta  accuracy.  s«i  pet 
1,080  words  ch-ai  Carlton  Copies  guaranteed.  Referaoosa  to  sn  il 
known  Writers.  — M.  STUART.  All.n.l  .!■    Kjmberiaj  Road,  Harrow. 

TYPE-WRITING,  9...  per  1,000  words.  All 
kinds  of  MSS  St. .ii.-,  Plan  Novel*.  Ac.  accurately  TYPED. 
Clear  Carlion  Copies.  84.  per  l.'»oo  References  to  well  known  Authors. 
Oxford  Higher  Local.— If.  KING,  24,  Forest  Road,  Kew  Gardens,  S.W. 

TYPEWRITING  undertaken  by  highly  educated 
Women  [Olaadoal  Trjnoe;  Cambridge  Higher  Local;  Modern 
I-anguagesi.  Research,  Revision.  Translation.  Shorthand.  Dictation 
Room.-THE  CAMBRIDGE  TYPE  WRITING  AGENCY,  10.  Duke 
Street.  Adelphi.  W.C. 


TYPE-WRITER— PLAYS  and  MSS.  of  every 
description.  Carl>on  and  other  Duplicate  <>r  Manifold  Copies. 
-Miss  E.  M.  TIGAR.  84,  Maitland  Park  Road,  Havcrstock  Hill,  N.W. 
BatabUataed  ism. 

TYPE-WRITINO.— The  WEST  KENSINGTON 
OFFICES.  Authors' MSS.  Translations.  Ac.  Leg-al  and  General 
Copying.  Circulars,  ate.,  duplicated.  Usual  terms.  References. 
Established  fourteen  years— SIKES  *  BIKES,  228.  Hammersmith 
Road.  W.  (Private  Address  :  13,  Wolvertou  Gardens.  Hammersmith). 


dTataloijurs. 


ANCIENT  and  MODERN  COINS.— Collectors 
and  Antiquarians  are  invited  to  Rpplv  to  SPINK  A  SON, 
Limited,  for  Specimen  Cony  (gratis)  of  their  NUMISMATIC  CIRCU- 
LAR. The  finest  Greek,  Roman,  and  English  Coins  on  View  and  foi 
Bale  at  Moderate  Prices.— SPINK  4  SON.  Limited.  Experts,  Valuers. 
and  Cataloguers,  16,  17,  and  18,  Piccadilly.  London,  W.  Established 
upwards  of  a  Century. 

READERS  AND  COLLECTORS  should  write 
for  J.  BALDWINS  MONTHLY  CATALOGUE  of  SECOND- 
HAND BOOKS,  post  free  on  application.  Genuine  bargains  in  First 
Editions  and  Scarce  Items.  Books  in  all  Brandies  of  Literature. 
No  fancy  prices.  Parcels  sent  on  approval  if  desired.— Address  14, 
Osborne  Road.  Leyton.  Essex. 


BOOKS.— ALL  OUT-OF-PRINT  and  RARE 
BOOKS  on  any  subject  SUPPLIED.  The  most  expert  Bookfinder 
extant.  Please  state  wants  and  ask  for  CATALOGUE.  I  make  a 
special  feature  of  exchanging  any  Saleable  Books  for  others  selected 
from  my  various  Lists.    Special  List  of  2,000  Books  I  particularly  want 

Sistfree.— EDW.  BAKER '8  Great  Bookshop.  14-16.  John  Bright  Street. 
irmingham.     Oscar  Wilde's  Poems,  21s.,  for  10s.  firf. ;  Hnrmsworth's 
Encyclopaedia,  10  vols,  last  edit.,  21s. ;  Who's  Who,  2  vols.  1907.  5s. 

CATALOGUE  No.  48.— Drawings  of  the  Early 
English  School— Turner's  Liber  Studiorum.  and  other  Engravings 
after  Turner— Etchings  by  Turner.  S.  Palmer.  Whistler— Japanese 
Colour-Prints— Fine-Art  Rooks— Works  by  Ruekiu.  Post  free,  Six- 
pence.—WM.  WARD,  2,  Church  Terrace,  Richmond,  Surrey. 


c 


POST  FREE  ON  APPLICATION. 

ATALOGUE        (No.        237), 

JUST    ISSUED.    OF 

FIRST    EDITIONS    OF   ESTEEMED   AUTHORS    AND 

BOOK  ILLUSTRATIONS  OF  THE   XlXth  CENTURY. 

WORKS   ON   SPORT  AND   PASTIMES,   &c. 

MAGGS     BROS. 

Dealers  in  Fine  and  Rare  Books,  Prints,   and  Autographs. 
109.  STRAND,   LONDON,   W.C. 

Other  CLASSIFIED  CATALOGUES  (many  illustrated)  are  current 
and  will  be  sent  i>ost  free  on  application. 

WOODCUTS.  EARLY  BOOKS.  MSS.,  Ac. 

LEIGHTON'S  ILLUSTRATED  CATALOGUE, 
Containing  1,350  Facsimiles. 
Thick  8vo,  art  cloth.  23s. ;  half-morocco.  30s. 
Part  XIII..   Cal-Chrys,   with  164  Facsimiles,  including  Berncrs's 
Froissarr,  Cambridge  Bindings,   Capgrave,  1."j16,  Cepio,  1477.   and  a 
large  collection  of  Early  Chronicles.  ( A'ow  ready.    Price  2s. 

J.  *  J.  LEIGHTON. 
40,  Brewer  Street,  Golden  Square,  London,  W. 

CATALOGUE  of  FRENCH  BOOKS,  at  greatly 
reduced  prices.  T.  PHILOSOPHY.  II.  RELIGION.  Ill  libs. 
TOBY  IV.  POETRY,  DRAMA.  MD3IO.  V.  BEAUX-ARTS  VI 
GEOGRAPHY.  VII.  MILITARY  VIII.  FICTION.  IX.  GENERAL 
LITERATURE. 

DULAU  A  CO.  :;7.  Soho  Square.  London.  W. 

FIRST  EDITIONS  of  MODERN  AUTHORS, 
including  Dickens.  Thackeray,  Lever  Ainsworth;  Books  illus- 
trated by  G.  and  R.  Cruikshank.  Phiz.  Rowlandson.  leech.  &c.  The 
largest  and  choicest  Collection  offered  for  Sab'  in  the  World.  CATA- 
LOGUES issued  and  sent  post  free  on  application.  Books  Bought  — 
WALTER  T.  SPENCER.  27.  New  Oxford  Street.  London.  W.C. 


B 


O  O  K 

Largest  Stock  in  London  of 

PUBLISHERS'  REMAINDER  STOCKS. 

All  in  perfectly  New  condition,  as  originally  published,  but  at 

GREATLY  REDUCED  PRICES. 

* ' it  dogues  post  flee 

WILLIAM  GLAISHKK.  Remainder  and  Discount  Bookseller 
988,  High  Holborn,  London. 


s. 


2bitljors'  Agents. 


1-illE  AUTHOR'S  AGENCY.— firtabliahed  1879. 
Thn  IntereoU  of  Authors  ca|«il>ly  n  pr.  -  nt.  I  Agreements  foi 
Publishing  arranged  M88  placed  with  PuMlsliera  Terms  and  Ti  -»i 
Dwuilals  oo  appUoatlon  to  Mr.  A-  U    Ill  Hi.  I  U.S.  M,  Paternoster  Row 


A 


■printers. 

THEN.EUM    PR  ESS. -JOHN    EDWARD 


FRANCIS,  Printeroftha  Afhemman,  tfotie  and  Qvarfss.  Ac  |j 
prepared  to  SUBMIT  ESTIMATES  for  all  IdniU  of  ROOK.  NEWS 
and  PERIODICAL    PRINTING.— U,  Dream's  Bu 

Lane.    E.C. 


%vXts  bn  ^.nrttan. 


M1 


Valuable   Books,  including  a   Small  Library  removed  from 
Maiden,  and  other  Private  Propt  rttes. 

ESSRS.  PUTTICK  &   SIMPSON  will  SELL 

t'S  by  AUCTION  at  their  Galleries,  47.  Leicester  Square  1VC.  on 
TUESDAY.  March  17, and  Following  Dav,  at  ten  minutes  past  1  o'clock 
precisely,  VALUABLE  BOOKS,  comprising  Standard  Works  in  all 
Branches  ot  Literature— Works  on  Natural  History.  Njiort.  the  Drama 
and  Fine  Arts— rare  First  Editions,  including  Keats'  Endymion.  l-*is 
and  Matthew  Arnold's  Alaric  at  Rome.  1840— Hardy's  Under  the 
Greenwood  Tree.  1872— lever's  Rory  O'More.  ]Kt7— Works  illustrated 
by  Aiken,  Cruiksbank,  and  Rowlandson — List  10  vols,  of  The  Sjwrting 
Magazine  —  Original  Drawings  by  Leech,  including  a  Design  for 
Dickens'  Haunted  Man— a  Set  of  the  Portfolio,  with  all  the  Mono- 
graphs—a fine  Manuscript  Koran  in  Arabic  Characters  —  Sweet's 
British  Flower  Garden— Parkinson's  Paradisi  in  Sole,  16.16— Oerarde's 
Herbal,  MM— Eakluyt's  Voyages,  5  vols.  —  Lavatcr's  Physiognomy. 
5  vols.— a  few  Autograph  Letters  and  Documents,  including  Warrants 
signed  by  General  Monck  and  Sir  John  Moore  (the  hero  of  Corunna) — 
Drawings,  Engravings,  and  numerous  other  interesting  Items. 

The  choice  Collection  of  English    Coins   and    Medals,   the 
Property  of  II.  C.  BRUNKIXG.  Esq.,  deceased. 

MESSRS.  SOTHEBY,  WILKINSON  &  HODGE 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION  (by  order  of  the  Executors i  at  their 
House.  No.  18.  Wellington  Street  Strand,  W.C.  on  WEDNESDAY. 
March  18.  at  1  o'clock  precisely,  the  choice  COLLECTION  of 
ENGLISH  COIN'S  and  MEDALS  (including  some  Continental 
Medalsl.  the  Property  of  H.  C.  BRUNNING.  Esq.,  deceased,  late  of 
Hove,  Brighton,  and  of  the  Stock  Exchange,  Loudon. 
May  be  viewed  two  days  prior.    Illustrate  1  Catalogues  may  be  had. 

The  choice  Library  of  valuable  and  rare  Printed  Books  and 
Ancient  Manuscripts  of  the  late  Right  Rev.  JOHN 
GOTT,  D.D.,  Lord  Bishop  of  Truro. 

MESSRS.  SOTHEBY,  WILKINSON  &  HODGE 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION  (by  order  of  the  Executors),  at  their 
House,  No.  18,  Wellington  Street,  Strand.  W.C,  on  FRIDAY, 
March  20.  and  Following  Day,  at  1  o'clock  precisely,  the  choice 
LIBRARY  of  valuable  and  rare  PRINTED  ROOKS  and  ANCIENT 
MANUSCRIPTS  of  the  late  Right  Rev.  JOHN  GOTT,  D.D.,  Lord 
Bishop  of  Truro,  comprising  a  large  Series  of  Bibles,  Testaments, 
Prayers,  and  other  Service  Books— Illuminated  Books  of  Hours— the 
Four  Shakespeare  Folios,  and  First  Edition  of  the  Merchant  of  Venice 
—First  Editions  of  Milton  and  Spenser— the  Works  of  Purchas  and 
Hakluyt  —fine  Topographical  Books  and  Prints— Fine-Art  Galleries 
and  Books  of  Prints— Special  Copies  with  Extra  Illustrations,  Ac., 
all  in  fine  condition  and  bound  by  well-known  Binders. 

May  be  viewed  two  days  prior.    Catalogues  may  be  had. 

Corns  and  Medals. 

MESSRS.  SOTHEBY,  WILKINSON  &  HODGE 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION  at  their  House,  No.  13.  Wellington 
Street.  Strand,  W.C,  on  MONDAY,  March  88.  end  Following  Dav.  at 
1  o'clock  precisely.  COINS  and  MEDALS,  comprising  English. 
Continental.  American,  and  Oriental  Coins  in  Gobi.  Silver,  and 
Copper— Tokens  of  the  Eighteenth  and  Nineteenth  Centuries  in  Silver 
and  Copper,  Ac,  including  the  COLLECTION  of  A.  RADFORD.  Esq., 
comprising  a  fine  Series  of  George  ILL  Spade  and  Shield  Guineas  in 
mint  condition:  the  important  COLLECTION  of  BRITISH  and 
COLONIAL  COINS,  the  Property  of  J.  B.  CALDECOTT.  Esq..  mostly 
in  unusually  fine  condition  and  purchased  at  the  Sales  of  famous 
Collections;  the  COLLECTION  of  ENGLISH  COINS  of  the  late 
STIRLING  WOTTON.  Esq;  the  COLLECTION  of  GREEK 
GR.ECO-BACTRIAN  and  ORIENTAL  COINS  of  Sir  BARTLE 
FRERE.  Bart..  D.S.O..  comprising  Coins  of  Syracuse  in  Gold. 
Electrum.  and  Silver,  Mohurs  and  Dinars  of  various  Dynasties 
Ac:  the  COLLECTION  of  the  late  THOMAS  GRANT.  Esq..  of 
Pocklington  (sold  by  order  of  the  Executorsi,  comprising  a  large  and 
important  Series  of  English  Tokens  in  Silver  and  Copper  of  the 
Eighteenth  and  Nineteenth  Centuries,  and  a  few  Englisn  Coins  of 
various  Reigns— Coin  Cabinets  and  Numismatic  Books. 

May  be  viewed  two  days  prior.     Catalogues  may  be  bad. 

The  valuable  Library  of  J.  MORGAN,  Esq.,  deceased,  of 
Aberdeen. 

MESSRS.  SOTHEBY,  WILKINSON  &  HODGE 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION  (bv  order  of  the  Executorsi.  at  their 
House,  No.  18,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C,  on  WEDNESDAY'. 
March  85.  and  Following  Day.  at  1  o'clock  preciselv.  the  valuable 
LIBBARY  of  J.  MORGAN.  Esq  ,  deceased,  of  Aberdeen,  comprising 
rare  Poetical  Works— Extra-Illustrated  Books— Modern  Illustrated 
Works— a  large  Collection  of  the  Writings  of  John  Ruskin,  many  of 
which  are  printed  for  private  circulation  only— Swinburne— Burns 
Poems.  First  Edinburgh  Edition— Carlvle's  Historical  Works— Limited 
Editions  of  Modern  Works-Art  Publications— Writings  of  William 
Morris— Early  Aberdeen  Printing— Arabian  Nights— Tales  from  the 
Arabic.  Ac.  14  vols.— Modern  Presses,  including  the  Essex  House  and 
Vale  Press— an  extensive  Series  of  the  Ruhaiyat  of  Omar  Kb  i 
chiefly  the  Translations  of  Edward  FitzQerahi— Orhcium  Beate  Marie 
Virginis.  MS.  upon  vellum.  Sa>c.  XV— valuable  Reference  Books- 
Works  illustrated  by  Thomas  Bewick— Reprints  of  Scarce  Publications 
—British  Poets,  "Pickering's  Aldiue  Edition, "53  vols.— Turner's  Views 
in  England  ami  Wales,  and  Southern  Tour. 

Many  of  the  l>ooks  are  in  beautiful  bindings  by  Zaehnsdorf,  Rn  iere. 
the  Guild  of  Women  Binders.  Chamlsdle  Hum.  Bote,  Ac. 

May  be  viewed  two  days  prior.    Catalogues  may  be  had. 

Valuable   Miscellaneous   Books. 

MESSRS.  HODGSON  &  CO.  will  SELL  bv 
AUCTION,  at  their  Rooms,  111.  Chancery  Line,  W.C,  on 
WEDNESDAY.  March  18.  ml  Two  Following  liavs.  at  1  o'clock 
VALUABLE  MISCELLANEOUS  BOOKS,  including  the  LIBRARY 
of  a  GENTLEMAN,  and  a  Selection  from  ail  Old  Library  removed 
from  the  Country,  comprising  Folio  Books  of  Engravings— Bulliard. 
Hcrbier  de  la  Fiance.  D  vols.—  Rlume's  Flora  JaVBJ,  :i  vols  — Tcmminck, 
Manuel  d'Omltbologie,  8  vols.— Cramer,  Papillons  Bxotlquee.  4  vols. 
— Sclater  and  Thomas's  Book  of  Antelopes,  4  vols— and  other  Works  of 
Natural  History.  Botany,  and  Gardening— Black  letter  Y'ear-Books 
and  Works  in  Old  English  Literature— Pearson's  Reprints.  36  vols., 
some  on  Large  Paper— Pamphlets  relating  to  America,  Ac— The 
Writings  of  Arthur  Young.  17  vols —The  Annual  Register  to  1808, 
1-40  vols.  —  Pepys's  Di.irv.  I'v  Whcatlev.  10  vols—  Walpole's  L.  I 
Library  Edition.  9  vols.— Buskin's  Modern  Painters.  I  vols.  Bast 
Editions— Historical  Works  of  Gardiner.  Creighton.  and  others— Bur- 
ton's Arabian  Nights,  17  vols.— First  Editions  of  Esteemed  Authors- 
Engravings,  Ac. 

To  be  viewed  and  Catalogues  had. 


M 


'Janeoue  I.  . o  i  tl,f  Library  of  the  In'' 

Dr.  H'.  J.  PALMER  (by  o,<t,  of  the  Ezecutore). 

E88R&    HODGSON    .'.    I  0.    will  SELL    fay 

AUCTION   at   their   Rooms.     115.    Chancery  Lane     U  I 
WEDNESDAY.   March 'A   and    Folloou,*    D,t.   at    1    o'clock,   MIS- 
(  KLLAMEOl  B  BOOKS.  Inclndlng  tl..  JiEore  LIBRARY,  an.! 
Properties,  comprising  Bete  oi  the  novelists  and  Poets,  tome  i 
bindings,  and  Standard   Historical,    Philosophical,   and  Theological 
Works. 

Catalogues  are  prej*ring. 

Collection  of  E n>jra vin'jt  by  Hollar. 

Mi  38B8.    HODG80K  k  CO.   will  SELL  by 
AUCTION,   at   their   sUasm    ll.\   Cli»oc«rry    Lane.   W.C.  oo 
TUESDAY,   March  ..].  :.t  l   o'clock,  a  remarkabl 
BNGKAVINGS  ly  WEN<  KM.AI  -  H     I.I. A  1  .<  upwards  of 

1.500  separate    Plates,    many   in    Early  SI  the    large 

Bird's-eye  View  of  London,  the  Interior  of  •  lunge,  the 

long  Yiew  of  Greenwich,  and  others— Toiiographical  and  Architectural 
Views.  l*oth  English  and  Poreign— Historical  and  Naval  Subject*— 
Sets  of  the  Ornatus  Muliebris  Anglicanus  ami  the  Four  Seasons— the 
large  Sacramental  Ctialice— and  other  rare  PI 

Catalogues  on  application. 

British  and  Foreign  Leyidoptera. 
TUESDAY,  March  V,  at  half-past  1 2  o'clock. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  by  AUCTION 
at  his  Rooms,  88,  King  Street,  Covent  Gaiden,  London,  v  I 
several COLLECTIONSof  BRITISH  an, I  POREIGN  LKPIDOPTERA, 

including  many  rare  Varieties,  together  with  the  Cabinets  in  which 
they  are  contained. 

Catalogues  on  application. 

British  and  Exotic  Bird*'  Eggt. 
WEDNESDAY  A' EXT,  at  half  past  12  o'clock. 

MR.    J.    C.    STEVENS   will    OFFER    at    bis 
Rooms.  38,  King  Street,  Coveut  Garden.  London.  W  I 
REMAINING  PORTION  of  theextensiveand  valuabli  I  •   I.I.I  I 
of  EXOTIC   BIRDS'  EGGS  formed  by  WILLIAM    STOATK.   Esq.. 
together  with  British  and  Exotic  Eggs  from  other  Sources. 

On  view  day  prior  10  to  4,  and  morning  of  Sale.    Catalogues  on 
application. 


M 


Curiosities. 

R.  J.   C.   STEVENS'S  NEXT  BALI 

CURIOSITIES  will  take  place  at  his  Rooms,  S8.  King  Street. 
Covent  Garden.  London.  W.C.  on  TUESDAY.  March  84,  at  half- 
past  12  o'clock,  and  will  include  an  interesting  Col.LFJTl 
ROMAN  and  GREEK  LAMPS.  BOTTLES.  DISHES,  and  other 
VESSELS— Oriental  and  English  China— Bronzes— Sundials— Chinese. 
Japanese,  and  Thitwtan  Curios-about  Fifty  Lots  of  Baxter  Prints, 
Pictures,  Etchings,  Ac— and  the  usual  Miscellaneous  Collection. 

On  view  day  prior  10  to  4  and  niornins  of  Sale.    Catalogues  on 
application, 


Sales  of  Miscellaneous  Property. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  begs  to  announce  that 
SALES  are  held  EVERY  FRIDAY,  at  his  Rooms,  Si.  King 
Street.  Covent  Garden.  London.  W.C.  for  the  disposal  of  MICRO- 
SCOPES. SLIDES,  and  OBJECTIVES  —  Telescopes-Theodolites— 
Levels— Electrical  and  Scientific  Instruments— Cameras,  Lenses,  and 
all  kinds  of  Photographic  Apiwrat us— Optical  Lanterns,  with  Slides 
and  all  Accessories  in  great  variety  by  Best  Makers— Household 
Furniture— Jewellery— and  other  Miscellaneous  P;oi>ertj. 

On  view  Thursday  2  to  5  and  morning  of  Sale. 


M 


ESSRS.  CHRISTIE,  M  ANSON   &   WOODS 

respectfully  give  notice  that  they  will  hold  tho  following 
SALES  by  AUCTION  at  their  Great  Rooms.  King  Street,  St  James's 
Square,  the  Sales  commencing  at  1  o'clock  precisely- :— 

On  MONDAY,  March  16,  PICTURES  by  OLD 

MASTERS,  the  Property  of  the  late  Sir  CHARLES  A.  TURNER, 
and  Others. 

On  TUESDAY,  March  17,  ENGRAVINGS  of 

the  EARLY  ENGLISH  SCHOOL. 

On  WEDNESDAY,  March  18.  OLD  ENGLISH 
SILVER  PLATE,  the  Propel  ly  of  a  OENTLEMAX.  and  from 
various  Sources. 

On   THURSDAY,    March    19,    and    FRIDAY, 

March  20.  PORCELAIN.  OBJECTS  of   ART.   and    DECOBATIVE 
FURNITURE  from  various  Sources. 

On   SATURDAY,   March   21,  and   MONDAY. 

March  88,  the  important  COLLECTION  of  MODERN  PICTURE:- 
DRAWINGS    of    G.    R.    BURNETT.    Es.p,    who    is   giving   up   his 
Residence,  160,  Cromwell  Road,  S.W. 


K 


TO  BE  SOLD  BY  AUCTION  BY  MESSBS. 

NIGHT,     FRANK     &     R  U  T  L  E  V. 

9.  Conduit  Street  and  88a,  Maddox  Street.  W. 
ON  THE  PREMISES.  SB AYI.ANDS.  S0K8ELL,  WOKING. 

On  MARCH  18,  19,  and  20  (by  order  of  tin- 
Administrator  of  the  late  Mrs  ROEBUCK),  rare  OLD  ENGLISH 
PRINTS— China— Antique  Furniture— Embroideries— a  large  Collec- 
tion of  Artistic  Items— and  the  entire  Contents  of  the  Residence. 

AT  THE  CONDUIT  STREET  AUCTION  GALLERIES. 

On  MARCH  19  and  20,  the  COLLECTION  of 

the  late  MAEQUIBE  DE  I.EI'V  ll.I.E  (UJ  Order  of  the  Executor.-  - 
rare  Autographs— Pictures— Plate,  4c. 

On     MARCH     26    and    27,     ANCIENT    and 

MODERN  SILVER  and  JEWELS. 

ON  THE  PREMISES.  THE  FIELD,  DERBY. 

On  APRIL  14  and  15,  an  important  COLLEC 

TION   of  PICTURES— rare  life  sue   Bronzes  formerly  belonging    t 
Isabella  of  Spain— a  fine  ol.l  English  Organ,  in  Sheraton  Case— Works 
of   Art— Carvings— Bronzes— Porcelain— Contents  of  the  House — and 
the  Freehold  Residence,  standing  iu  its  owu  grounds  enclosed  by 
valuable  Town  ProntlM. 

Particulars  and  Cat.ilo.-ues  may  l>c  obtained  of  the  AUCTIONEERS. 
8,  Conduit  Street.  W. 

Eve. tutors,  Solicitors,  and  Owners  mnv  note  that  THE  CONDUIT 
STREET  AUCTION  GALLERIES  are  OPEN  DAILY  to  receive 
Jewellery,  Silver.  Pictures.  Furniture.  China.  Books,  Antiques,  and 
other  Valuables  for  EARLY  SALE  BY  AUCTION. 


No.  4194,  March  14,  1908 


THE     ATHENDUM 


307 


Jttaga$tws,  &r. 


THE' BUILDER    (founded    1842),  4,    Catherine 
Street,  London,  W.C.,  MARCH  14th,  contains  :— 
THE  PRESERVATION  OF  ANCIENT  MONUMENTS. 
WORKING  LOADS  ON  B1UCKWORK. 
WATER  -  COLOUR      PAINTING      FOR      ARCHITECTS 

(Architectural  Association). 
ARCHITECTS'  TECHNICAL  BUREAU. 
A  FERROCONCRETE  RETAINING  WALL. 
TEST  OF  REINFORCED  CONCRETE  FLOORS. 
LEGAL  COLUMN. 
ILLUSTRATIONS  :— 

COMPETITION   DESIGN  FOR  COUNTY  HALL,   BY  MR. 

T.  G.  JACKSON.  R.A.  „«!„„ 

THE    MYERS    MEMORIAL,    CHELTENHAM    COLLEGE 

CHAPEL. 
"PARKSIDE,"  ALBERT  GATE. 

From  Offices  as  above  (id. ,  by  post  4|cZ. ),  at  Rail- 
way Bookstalls,  Bookshops,  and  of  all  Newsagents. 

NEW      SYSTEM      OF      GEOLOGY. 


A 


With  Archaeological  Proofs  of  the  Destruction  of  the 
World  by  Water  and  Fire. 

By  MARY  SALTER.     10s.  net. 

The  Book  founds  a  new  system  of  Geolofry  and  Archaeology-  Among 
the  Illustrations  arc  the  Babylonian  and  Alexandrian  Keys  to  the 
oral  traditions  of  the  Massoretes,  found  by  the  Authoress  to  contain 
the  physical  and  religious  history  of  ancient  times. 

SIMPKIN.  MARSHALL  &  CO. 

THE  FAUNA  OF  BRITISH  INDIA,  including 
CEYLON  and  BURMA.  Published  under  the  authority  of  the 
Secretary  of  State  for  India  in  Council.  Medium  8vo,  with  2  Coloured 
Plates  and  numerous  Illustrations.  COLEOPTERA  (Ciirysomelidx). 
Vol.  I     Price  U. 

London:  TAYLOR  &  FRANCIS,  Red  Lion  Court,  Fleet  Street. 
Calcutta  and  Simla:  THACKER.  SPINK  &CO.  Bombay  :  THACKER 
A  CO..  Ltd.  Burma:  MYLES  STANDISH  &  CO.,  Rangoon.  Berlin: 
FRIEDLAENDER  &  SOHN,  Carlstrasse  11. 


For  Acidity  of  the  Stomach. 
For  Heartburn  and  Headache. 
For  Gout  and  Indigestion. 

T)   I   N   N   E   FORD'S 

-\T   A  G   N   E   S   I   A. 

For  Sour  Eructations  and  Bilious  Affections. 

A  Safe  and  most  effective  Aperient  for 

regular  use. 

FROM    ROUTLEDGE'S  NEW  LIST 

ASPECTS     OP     GFJOKGFJ     MEREDITH.        By 

RICHARD  H.  P.  CURLE.  With  an  Engraved  Portrait  after 
G.  F.  WATTS.     Crown  fro.  cloth  extra.  6s 

Dnily  Telegraph. — "A  distinguished  and  well-balanced  piece  of 
work,  which  should  gain  its  author  immediate  recognition  as  among 
the  most  sane  arid  wll  informed  of  the  younger  critics  of  the  day." 

Mr.  W.  M  Rossrrn  in  the  Daily  Neaa. — "  I  would  advise  ar.v 
aspirant  to  the  study  of  Meredith  to  read  a  book  by  Mr.  Richnrll 
Curie,  verv  recently  published,  entitled  'Aspects  of  George  Meredith.' 
It  is  the  work  of  n  convinced  and  penetrating  admirer,  and  analyzes  a 
number  of  points  highly  deserving  of  being  taken  into  consideration." 

A     RESIDENT'S    "WIPE    IN   NIGERIA.        Bv 

CI  INSTANCE  LAUYMORE.  With  41  Illustrations  on  Art  Paper, 
and  a  Portrait  of  the  Author.    Bvo,  cloth.  7s  (W.  net. 

(Unite.—"  Mrs.  L-irymore  is  not  only  a  skilled  traveller  in  wild 
Countries,  but  is  able  to  describe  her  wanderings  most  graphically 
with  pen  and  cumera.  One  of  the  most  enjoyable  books  of  travel  we 
have  seen  of  late." 

Uatrpoci  Oourii  r.—"  Miss  Kine*Vv  has  shown  us  that  a  woman  can 

travel     ..Mrs   Larvmore  gives  a  further  demonstration  of  the  fact 

In  Miss  Kingslcv's  l>ook  nothing  is  more  striking  than  the  good 
humour  of  the  writer  ;  Mrs.  Larymore  has  the  same  fine  gift  of  kindly 
optimism.  A  most  engaging  account  of  her  life  and  experiences  in 
Nigeria." 

THE  LAND  OP  THE  MAPLE  LEAP;  or, 

Canada  u  I  Saw  It.     By  B.  STEWART.  Author  of  '  Mv  Experi- 
ences in  Cyprus.'  &''      With  16  Plates.     Crown  sen.  cloth  gilt,  8s. 
Dinif!..  Advertiser.— "There  has  been  quite  a  flood  of  books  aliout 
Canada  of  bit",  but   f«-"'  of  th^ni  have  been  of  such  deep  interest  ns 

this In  evcrv  way  this  latest  volume  on  Canada  is  a  valuable  one. 

It  gives  a  true  picture  of  the  country  from  the  Canadian  side,  and  all 
through  the  reader  feels  that  he  is  in  the  h->nds  of  a  writer  who  has  a 
thorough  gr:isp  of  bis  SDbji 

CHRY8AL ;  or,  tho  Adventures  of  a  Guinea.     By 

CHARLES    JOHNSTONE.      With  an   Introduction    by    E.    A 

BAKER.  M  A.    tro,  buckram,  ''.*  net. 

The  work  is  a  curious  botch-poteh  of  picturesque  Incidents,  and 

roughly  a  rwnan  n  eUf<A  the  period  covered  by  the  Reven  Years'  War 

11707-031.     The  Guinea  acts  as  a  special   correspondent,  visiting  the 

fields  of  Frederick  the  Great  and  Ferdinand  of  Brunswick,  and 

witnesses  the  execution   of  I'.vnp.  the  capture  of  Minorca,  and   the 

military  operations  in  Canada,      Notes,  short  but.  most  useful,  are 

added. 

ARCADIA.    By  Sir  Pmr.ip  Sidney.    With  the  Additions 
of  Sir  w   ALEXANDER  and  R.  BKLLINO.    With  an  Introduc- 
tion bv  E.   A.  BAKER,  M  A.     svo,  buckram.  Ss,  net. 
I'nll  llafl  Qttfiti ■—  "A  reprint  of  a  liook  which,  in   popular  and 
welcome  form,    'hath   in    it    excellent    lnmrnnffo.   rare  contri- 
delectable  stories,  and  all  the  ntrains  of  pot  I 

TheaWe  two  l.ooks  form  Vols  XII  XIII  of  THE  LIBRARY  OP 
EARLY  HOVELI8T8.    (List  on  applies 

Spring  List  of  Announcements  poat  free. 

Tin  following  Rook-Lints  an>l  Leaflets  o»  application  :— 
NEW   SERIES.   IS   pp     Including    NEW    IN1\  EltSAI.    LIBRARY 
at  "00   roll.),  MUSES'  I.lliRAKV  [about  .'-o  v<,]s  I,  MIMA 

TIIIIF,  REFERENCE  LIBRARY  lahool  BOtoU  I.  Ac 
LIBRARY   OP    HISTORICAL   AND   STANDARD  LITERATURE. 

n  vols  s\n.  huckram,  B*  neteaoh. 
THE  LONDON   LIBRARY.     1-1  vol..  «vn.  buckram.  2*  .64  ,,,  t  . 
THE  ENGLISH  LIBRARY.    IS  voU    reap   8ro,  cloth  extra, 

<  at  ii 
UK'  ITERS.  ANTHOLOGIES,  *c. 

GEORGE  ROUTLEDGB  &  SONS,  Ltd., 
Broadway  House,  Ludgate  Hill,  E.C. 


CAMBRIDGE  UNIVERSITY  PRESS 

SCIENTIFIC     PAPERS.     By     Sir     George     Howard    Darwin, 

K.C.B.,  F.R.S.,  Plumian  Professor  in  the  University  of  Cambridge.    Volume  I. 

This,  the  first  of  four  Volumes  in  which  Sir  George  Darwin's  Scientific  Papers 
will  be  collected,  contains  papers  on  Oceanic  Tides  and  on  an  attempt  to  measure 
the  Lunar  Disturbance  of  Gravity.  The  second  volume  will  give  the  author's  papers 
on  Tidal  Friction  and  on  the  astronomical  speculations  arising  therefrom  :  the  third 
will  be  devoted  to  papers  on  Figures  of  Equilibrium  of  Rotating  Liquid  and_  on 
cognate  subjects ;  and  the  fourth  will  be  on  Periodic  Orbits  and  on  various 
miscellaneous  subjects. 


Royal  8vo 
15s  net 


THE  BACTERIOLOGY  OF  DIPHTHERIA,  including  Sections  on 

the  History,  Epidemiology,  and  Pathology  of  the  Disease,  the  Mortality  caused  by  it, 
the  Toxins  and  Antitoxins  and  the  Serum  Disease.  By  F.  Lceffler,  M.D.,  LL.D.,  Arthur 
Newsholme,  M  D„  F.R.C.P.,  F.  B.  Mallory,  M.A.,  M.D.,  G.  S.  Graham-Smith,  M.A.,  M.D., 
D.P.H.,  George  Dean,  M.D.,  William  H.  Park,  M.D.,  and  Charles  F.  Bolduan,  M.D. 
Edited  by  G.  H.  F.  Nuttall,  M.D.,  Ph.D.,  Sc.D.,  F.R.S.,  Quick  Professor  of  Biology  in  the 
University  of  Cambridge,  and  G.  S.  Graham-Smith,  M.A.,  M.D.,  University  Lecturer  in 
Hygiene,  Cambridge. 

The  work  is  divided  into  six  Sections,  contributed  by  authors  who  have  given 
special  attention  to  the  subjects  discussed  in  each. 
Royal  8vo  The  various  chapters  deal  with  the  events  which  led  up  to  the  discovery  of  the 

diphtheria  bacillus ;  the  epidemiology  and  pathology  of  the  disease;  the  morpho 


with 

4  portraits 

and 

16  plates 

25s  net 


logical,  cultural,  and  pathogenic  characteristics  of  the  diphtheria  bacillus  and  the 
organisms  which  resemble  it,  and  their  relationship  to  one  another  ;  the  distribu- 
tion of  the  diphtheria  bacillus  and  organisms  resembling  it  in  men  and  animals  ; 
the  occurrence  of  diphtheria  and  diseases  simulating  it  in  man  and  animals  and 
the  relationship  of  the  latter  to  diphtheria ;  the  modes  of  infection  and  the  methods 
of  prevention  ;  the  practical  and  theoretical  considerations  involved  in  the  manu- 
facture of  toxins  and  antitoxins,  and  the  results  of  anti-toxin  treatment. 


THE  CAMBRIDGE  MODERN  HISTORY.    Planned  by  the  late 

Lord  Acton.    Edited  by  A.  W.  Ward,  Litt.D.,  G.  W.  Prothero,  Litt.D.,  and  Stanley 


Leathes,  M.A. 


Royal  8vo  buckram 

16s  net 

each  volume 


Subscription  terms 


Vol.  V.  of  this  work,  THE  AGE  OF  LOUIS  XIV,  is  now  ready.  In  order  of 
publication  the  volume  is  the  ninth  to  appear,  the  others  already  published 
being  :— I.  The  Renaissance  ;  II.  The  Reformation  ;  III.  The  Wars  of  Religion ;  IV. 
The  Thirty  Years'  War;  VII.  The  United  States;  VIII.  The  French  Revolution; 
IX.  Napoleon ;  and  X.  The  Restoration.  The  text  of  the  work  will  be  completed 
in  twelve  volumes,  and  there  will  be  two  supplementary  volumes,  making  fourteen 
in  all ;  one  containing  maps  and  the  other  Genealogical  and  other  Tables  and  a 
General  Index  to  the  whole  work. 

"As  a  whole,  the  volume  is  a  storehouse  of  authoritative  information  upon 
everything  of  general  significance  in  the  life  of  Europe  between  the  middle  of  the 
seventeenth  century  and  the  second  decade  of  the  eighteenth.  With  each  fresh 
instalment  of  the  history  the  reader  feels  fresh  cause  of  gratitude  to  Lord  Acton  for 
his  great  design  and  to  the  editorial  staff  and  their  fellow-workers  for  the  manner 
in  which  his  plan  is  being  carried  out." — Glasgow  Herald. 

Any  volume  may  be  purchased  separately,  bound  in  buckram,  at  16s  net,  and 
subscriptions  of  ,t7  10s  net  are  received  for  the  twelve  volumes  of  text. 


INITIA  AMHARICA.    An  Introduction  to  Spoken  Amharic.    By 

C.  H.  Armbruster,  M.A.,  Sudan  Civil  Service.    Part  I.  Grammar. 

The  object  of  this  series  is  to  enable  students  to  acquire  a  colloquial  know- 

ledge  ;  for  tin's  purpose  every  Amharic  word  is  phonetically  expressed  in  Roman 

iJemy  Svo,  letters  as  well  as  given  in  the  Amharic  character.     In   Part   I.   the  important 

12s  net  question  of  Amharic  accentuation  is  treated  at  considerable  length.     Part  II.  will 

consist  of  an  English-Amharic  vocabulary  and  phrases,  and  Part  III.  will  contain 

an  Amharie-English  vocabulary  and  idiomatic  expressions,  Ac. 

THE    RIGHTS    AND     RESPONSIBILITIES     OF    NATIONAL 

CHURCHES.  (Being  the  Hulsean  Lectures  for  1907-8.)  By  J.  Howard  B.  Master- 
man,  M.A.,  Professor  of  History  in  the  University  of  Birmingham,  Vicar  of  St.  Michael's, 
Coventry,  Examining  Chaplain  to  the  Bishop  of  Manchester. 

The  main  idea  that  these  lectures  are  intended  to  illustrate  is  that  Churchman- 
ship  and  citizenship  are  the  natural  expression  of  the  two  strongest  instincts  of 
Crown  Svo  humanity— the  instinct  of  self-protection,  and  the  instinct  of  self-sacrifice  ;  that 

2s  6d  net  both  these  instincts  find  their  full   scope  only  under  a  democratic  system,  and  that 

the  reconciliation  of  their  apparently  conflicting  claims  is  to  be  found  in  the  law  of 
service  that  finds  its  fullest  expression  in  the  Incarnation. 

GRACE  'BOOK  T,  containing  the  records  of  the  University  of 

Cambridge  for  the  years  1501—1542.  Edited  by  William  George  Searle,  M.A.,  formerly 
Fellow  of  Queens'  College,  Cambridge. 

The  earlier  Grace  Hooks,  A  and  R  (1464-1644),  already  published,  contain  the 
Recent  a  and  the  Bxpensaeoi  each  proctorial  year,  with  lists  of  cautions,  lists  of 
graduates,  graces  for  degrees  and  incorporations  till  1601,  notices  of  audits,  rVc. 

The  present  volume  contains  only  graces  proposed  to  the  University  for  different 
reasons,  viz.  :  graces  for  degrees  for  new  graduates,  graces  for  incorporations  from 
other  Universities,  graces  for  dispensations  of  various  kinds,  such  as  dispensations 
from  attending  congregations,  funerals,  University  masses,  and  the  like. 

PETROLOGY  FOR  STUDENTS.    An  Introduction  to  the  Study 

of  Rocks  under  the  Microscope.  By  Alfred  Harker,  M.A ,  F.R.S.,  F.G.S.,  Fellow  of 
St.  John's  College,  and  Lecturer  in  Petrology  in  the  University  of  Cambridge.  Fourth 
Edition  Revised. 


Demy  Svo 
21s  net 


Crown  Svo 
7s  Od 


This  work,  now  offered  in  a  further  revised  edition,  lias  been  written  to 
as  a  guide  to  the    sludyof   rocks  in  thin   slices,  and    since   it    is  designed   primarily 
for  the  use  of   English  speaking  students.  examples  are  chosen,  so  far  as  is  possible, 
from  British,  Colonial,  and  American  rocks.      A   number  of  new  figures  h&Tl 
add«d  for  the  present  edit  ion,  and  a  few  of  the  old  ones  ha\e  been  withdrawn. 


London,  Fjctteb  Lake:  Cambridge  University  Prow  Warehouse:  C.  P.  Clay,  Manager. 


308 


T  II  E    ATHENAEUM 


No.  4KM,  Makcii  14,  1008 


MESSRS.    LONGMANS    &    OO.'S    LIST. 


. 


THIS  BOOK    WILL   BE   READY   ON  MONDAY  NEXT,  price  6s.   Gd.  net.      {Postage  Ad.) 

THE  ADMIRALTY  OF  THE  ATLANTIC. 

AN    ENQUIRY    INTO   THE    DEVELOPMENT   OF   GERMAN 
SEA     POWER— PAST,     PRESENT,     AND     PROSPECTIVE. 

By   PERCIVAL   A.    HISLAM. 

WITH  21   ILLUSTRATIONS  (16  FULL-PAGE)  AND  A  MAP  OF  THE   NORTH   SEA. 


NEW      BOOKS. 


GENERAL    LIST. 

NEW    VOLUME    JUST    PUBLISHED. 

A  HISTORY  OF  MODERN  LIBERTY. 

By  JAMES  MACKINNON.  Vol.  III.  :  THE  STRUGGLE  WITH  THE  STUARTS,  1003-1647.  8vo, 
15s.  net.     (Postage  bd.) 

Vols.  I.  and  II.   (Vol.  I.  INTRODUCTION.     ORIGINS-THE  MIDDLE  AGES.     Vol.  II.  THE  AGE  OF  THE 
REFORMATION).     8vo,  30*.  net.  

NEW  AND  CHEAPER  EDITION  IN  ONE  VOLUME. 

MRS.  FITZHERBERT  AND  GEORGE  IV. 

Bv  W.  H.  WILKINS.  With  a  Photogravure  Reproduction  of  Romney's  Portrait  of  Mrs.  Fitzherbert  and 
16  other  Portraits,  &c.,  Svo,  12s.  Gd.  net.    (Postage  Gd.) 

PARERGA :  being  a  Companion  Volume  to  '  Under  the  Cedars  and  the  Stars.' 

By  the  Very  Bev.  P.  A.  Canon  SHEEHAN.    Crown  8vo,  7s.  Gd.  net.    (Postage  bd.) 

%*  This    Volume   is    made    up    of  short   detached    Sketches,    Essays,    <L-c,   dealing  largely  with 
literary  subjects. 

TECHNICAL    LIST. 

FOURTH   EDITION,   REVISED   AND   ENLARGED. 

THE    STEAM   TURBINE. 

By  BOBEBT  M.  NEILSON.  Associate  Member  of  the  Institution  of  Mechanical  Engineers,  Chief  of  the 
Technical  Department  at  the  Hartlepool  Works  of  Messrs.  Richardsons,  Westgarth  &  Co.,  Ltd.  With  46  Plates 
and  337  Illustrations  in  the  Text.    8vo,  15«.  net.    (Postage  Gd.) 

THERMODYNAMICS  OF  TECHNICAL  GAS-REACTIONS. 

By  Dr.  P.  HABEB,  Professor  at  the  Technische  Hochschule,  Carlsruhe.  Translated  by  ARTHUR  B. 
LAMB,  Ph.D.  Director  of  the  Havemeyer  Chemical  Laboratory,  New  York  University.  With  20  Diagrams. 
8vo,  10«.  Gd.  net.     (Postage  bd.) 

INTRODUCTION  TO  METALLOGRAPHY. 

By  PAUL  GOERENS,  Dr.-Ing.  (Docent  in  Physical  Metallurgy  at  the  Royal  Technical  High  School,  Aachen). 
Translated  by  FRED  IBBOTSON,  B.Sc.  (Lond.),  A.R.C.Sc.L,  Lecturer  in  Metallurgy,  the  University, 
Sheffield.    Svo,  7s.  Gd.  net.    (Postage  bd.) 

SECOND  AND  CHEAPER  EDITION. 

PRACTICAL  SHIPBUILDING: 

A  Treatise  on  the  Structural  Design  and  Building  of  Modern   Steel  Vessels,  the  work  of  construction,  from  the 
making  of  the  raw  material  to  the  equipped  vessel,  including  subsequent  up-keep  and  repairs. 
By  A.  CAMPBELL  HOLMS,  Member  of  the  Institution  of  Naval  Architects,  &c.    In  2  vols.  (Vol.  I.,  Text, 
medium  Svo  ;  Vol.  II.,  Diagrams  and  Illustrations,  oblong  4to),  30s.  net.    (Postage  lid.) 


STANDARD   HISTORICAL   WORKS. 


LORD     MACAULAY. 

HISTOBY  OF  ENGLAND  PEOM  THE  ACCES- 
SION OF  JAMES  THE  SECOND. 
POPULAR  EDITION.     2  vols,  crown  8vo,  Si. 

CBITICAL      AND      HISTOBICAL      ESSAYS, 
WITH  LAYS  OF  ANCIENT  BOME,  Ac. 
POPULAR  EDITION.     Crown  8vo,  2s.  6d. 

"SILVER  LIBRARY"  EDITION.      With  Portrait  and 
4  Illustrations  to  the  '  Lays.'    Crown  Svo,  3*.  6<f. 

MISCELLANEOUS   WBITINGS,   SPEECHES, 
AND  POEMS. 
POPULAR  EDITION.     Crown  8vo,  2s.  Gd. 

COMPLETE    WOBKS. 
"ALBANY"    EDITION.     With   12  Portraits.     12  vols. 
large  crown  Svo,  3s.  Gd.  each,  or  tL  is.  the  set. 

"EDINBURGH  "  EDITION.     8  vols.  Svo,  6s.  each. 
CABINET  EDITION.     16  vols,  post  Svo,  il.  16s. 
POPULAR  EDITION.     4  vols,  crown  Svo,  10s. 


SAMUEL   RAWSON    GARDINER. 

HISTORY  OF  ENGLAND  from  the  Accession 
of  James  I  to  the  Outbreak  of  the  Civil  "War, 
1603-1642.    10  vols,  crown  8vo,  5s.  net  each. 

HISTOBY  OF  THE  GBEAT  CIVIL  WAH, 
1642-1649.    4  vols,  crown  Svo,  5s.  net  each. 

HISTOBY  OF  THE  COMMONWEALTH  AND 
PBOTECTOBATE,  1649-1656.  4  vols,  crown 
Svo,  f>s.  net  each. 

THE  STUDENT'S  HISTOBY  OF  ENGLAND. 
With  37S  Illustrations.     Crown  Svo,  12s. 


THEOLOGICAL    LIST. 

WITH  AN  INTRODUCTION  BY  THK  BISHOP  OF  LONDON. 

THE  HOLY  GHOST  THE  COMFORTER. 

By  the  Bev.JG.  F.  HOLDEN,  M. A.,  late  Vicar  of  All  Saints',  Margaret  Street.    SIXTH  THOUSAND.    Crown 
bvo,  28.  Gd.  net.     (Postage  3d.) 

THE  OXFORD  LIBRARY  OF  PRACTICAL  THEOLOGY. 

THE  SACRAMENT  OF  THE  ALTAR. 

By  the  Bev.  W.  C.  E.  NEWBOLT,  M.A.,  Canon  and  Chancellor  of  St.  Paul's.    Crown  Svo,  5s.    (Postage  id.) 


WILLIAM    E.    H.    LECKY. 

HISTOBY     OF     ENGLAND      IN     THE 

EIGHTEENTH  CENTUBY. 

LIBRARY   EDITION.     S  vols.  svo.      Vols.   I.  and  II., 

1700-1760,   36s.      Vols.   III.   and    IV.,   1760-17S4,   86s. 

Vols.    V.   and   VI..   17S4-1793,    36s.      Vols.   VII.    and 

VIII.,  1703-1SO0,  36s. 

CABINET  EDITION,  ENGLAND.     7  vols,  crown  Svo, 

5s.  net  each.    IRELAND.    5  vols.  cr.  Svo,  5s.  net  each. 

DEMOCBACY  AND  LIBEBTY. 
LIBRARY  EDITION.  2  vols.  Svo,  36s. 
CABINET  EDITION.    2  vols,  crown  Svo,  10s.  net. 


THE  HISTORICAL  CHARACTER  OF  ST.  JOHN'S  GOSPEL: 

Three  Lectures  delivered  in  Westminster  Abbey  in  Advent,  1907.     With  a  Note  on  tho  Alleged  Martyrdom  of  St. 
John  the  Apostle. 

By  J.  ABMITAGE  BOBINSON,  D.D.,  Dean  of  Westminster.     Cr.  Svo,  paper  covers,  6(f.  net ;  cloth,  Is.  net. 
(Postage  id.) 

THE    FORGIVENESS    OF    SINS:  a  Course  of  Sermons. 

By  the  Bight  Bev.  A.  C.  A.  HALL,  D.D.  LL.D.,  Bishop  of  Vermont.    Crown  Svo,  3s.  6c/.  net.    (Postage  3d.) 

COMMON-SENSE  IN  RELIGION. 

By  MARTIN  B.  SMITH.    Crown  Svo,  2s.  net.    (Postage  3d.) 


THE  MAP  OF  LIFE: 
Crown  Svo,  5s.  net. 


Conduct  and  Character. 


LEADEBS  OF  PUBLIC  OPINION  IN  IBE- 
LAND:  Flood,  Grattan,  O'Connell.  2  vols.  Svo, 
26a.  net. 

HISTOBY  OF  EUBOPEAN  MOBALS,  from 
Augustus  to  Charlemagne.    2  vols.  cr.  Svo,  10s.  net. 

HISTOBY  OF  THE  BISE  AND  INFLUENCE 
OF  THE  SPIBIT  OF  BATIONALISM  IN 
EUBOPE.    2  vols,  crown  Svo,  10s.  net. 


LONGMANS,    GREEN    &    CO.    39,    Paternoster   Row,    London,    E.C. 


No.  4194,  March  14,  1908 


THE    ATHENAEUM 


309 


ST.     CATHERINE     OF     SIENA. 

By   EDMUND  G.   GARDNER,   Author  of   'The   Story  of  Florence,'  &c. 

With   an   Appendix   containing   some   hitherto   UNPUBLISHED   LETTERS    of   St.    Catherine. 

A  Study  in  the  Italian  Religion,  Literature,  and  History  of  the  Fourteenth  Century.    Illustrated  in  Photogravure.    16s.  net. 

Daily  News. — "  Mr.  Gardner  has  produced  an  exceedingly  interesting  life  of  one  of  the  remarkable  women  of  the  world.    Incidentally  he  has  given  an  extraordinarily  vivid  picture 

of  the  later  days  of  the  fourteenth  century  in  Europe,  when  the  great  civilization  of  the  Middle  Ages  was  tottering  to  its  fall.    It  is  a  hook  of  research,  of  sincere  and  elaborate 

historical  study,  embodying  much  matter  hitherto  unexamined,  from  the  museums  and  libraries  of  Italy,  and  many  of  Catherine's  letters  hitherto  unpublished.    And  the  whole  is 

fused  and  blended  with  an  ability  of  selection  and  power  of  narrative  which  makes  the  story,  a  work  of  art.  as  well  as  a  product  of  research,  exceedingly  pleasant  reading." 

THE     DISCIPLE     OF     A     SAINT.     A   Novel. 

Being  the  Imaginary  Biography  of  Rauiero  di  Landoccio  dei  Pagliaresi,  Secretary  to  St.  Catherine  of  Siena. 
By  VIDA  D.  SCUDDER,  Author  of  '  St.  Catherine,  as  Seen  in  Her  Letters.'     Crown  8vo,  4s.  6d.  net. 

Standard.—"  Admirably  written. . .  .a  book  quick  with  life,  and  one  which  stirs  imagination." 

Manchester  Guardian.— "  Has  more  than  justified  the  attempt  of  its  author  to  depict  that  strange  company  of  persons  known  as  Catherine's  'famiglia.' Fine  intellect,  wide 

culture,  sympathy  with  human  nature  have  gone  to  make  it." 

Birmingham  Post.—"  Has  none  of  the  sensationalism  which  appeals  to  the  multitude,  but  it  has  higher  qualities  which  should  commend  it  to  more  thoughtful  minds A  novel 

which  is  well  out  of  the  ordinary  run." 

Atheiueum,—"  Is  not  only  a  finished  work  of  art,  but  also  a  book  full  of  human  interest." 

THE  OLD  VENETIAN  PALACES  AND   OLD  VENETIAN   FOLK. 


By  THOMAS  OKEY,  Author  of  '  Venice  and  its  Story '  (Now  in  its  Third  Edition). 
50  Coloured  and  many  Line  Illustrations  by  TREVOR  HADDON,  R.B.A.,  and  several  Reproductions  from  the  Works  of  JOHN  RUSKIN. 


4to,  cloth,  £1  Is.  net. 


Guardian.— "  A  volume  of  quite  exceptional  charm  and  interest Mr.  Haddon's  illustrations  are  very  beautiful ;  he  has  caught  the  true  inwardness  of  Venetian  scenery.. 

Certainly  a  book  to  possess." 

Outlook.— "Lovers  of  Venice  and  students  of  her  ancient  architecture  will  wisely  pack  in  their  bags  against  their  next  visit  Mr.  Okey's  volume." 
Globe.— "  A  sumptuous  book There  could  hardly  be  a  finer  gift  for  the  art  lover." 


CITIES   OF  ITALY. 


Daily  Chronicle.- 
Daily  Telegraph. 
charm." 


By    ARTHUR    SYMONS. 

Crown  Svo,  4s.  6d.  net. 

-"Full  of  excellent  things." 

-"The  author  has  many  gifts  which  give  his  essays  distinction  and 


NEARLY  BEADY, 


MILAN. 


By    ELLA    NOYES.       Illustrated    by    DORA    NOYES. 

Cloth,  4s.  6d.  net-  ;   leather,   5s.   6d.   net. 

A    New   Volume   in   the    "  Mediaeval   Town   Series." 


OLD  AND  NEW  JAPAN.     By  Olive  Holland. 

Author  of   '  Things  Seen    in  Japan,'    &c.      With    50    Illustrations    in    Colour  by 
MONTAGUE  SMYTH.     Cloth,  15s.  net.  [Prospectus  post  free. 

Truth.  —  "Full  acquaintance  with  his  subject  is  the  happy  possession  of  the  author. 

Even  without  Mr.  Smyth's  pictures  Mr.   Holland's  book   would  be  attractive,  with 

them  it  is  simply  irresistible." 

Standard. — "  Conjures  up  with    success  almost  every  aspect— past  and  present — of 
Japanese  life Beautifully  illustrated." 

VASARI    ON    TECHNIQUE.      Translated    into 

English  for  the  first  time  by  L.  S.  MACLEHOSE.     The  Translation  Revised  and  an 

Introduction  and  Commentary  added  by  Prof.  BALDWIN  BROWN.    With  Coloured 

and  other  Illustrations.     Square  demy  8vo,  15s.  net.  [Prospectus  post  free. 

Manchester  Guardian. — "Miss  MacLehose  has  succeeded  admirably  in  her  exceptionally 

difficult  task  of  rendering  into  English  equivalents  the  obscure  and  sometimes  obsolete 

Italian  technical  terms,  and  Prof.  Brown's  copious  and  scholarly  notes  are  of  great  interest 

and  value." 


THE    OLD    SILVER    SACRAMENTAL    VESSELS    OF    FOREIGN 
PROTESTANT  CHURCHES  IN  ENGLAND. 

By   E.   ALFRED  JONES. 
Illustrated  by  4  Photogravures  and  18  Half-Tone  Illustrations.    Royal  4to,  £1  10s.  net. 
Westminster  Gazette.— "  Some  admirably  produced  illustrations  of  seventeenth  and  eighteenth  century  examples  adorn  this  attractive  book. 


JAMES    FRANCIS   EDWARD,    THE    OLD    CHEVALIER. 

By   MARTIN   HAILE.      Illustrated    in    Photogravure.    16s.  net. 

Daily  News.—  We  are  privileged  to  read  in  this  book  for  the  first  time  much  that  has  hitherto  been  unpublished This  book  is  worthy  of  the  closest  attention." 

Daily  Telegraph. — "Mr.  Haile  is  to  be  cordially  congratulated.     His  monograph,  beautifully  produced  and  illustrated,  represents  an  honest,  painstaking,  and  distinguished  piece 

of  work.  ...In  the  future,  whenever  Stuart  and  Orange  periods  are  under  consideration,  Mr.  Haile's  estimate  will  have  to  be  reckoned  with. . .  .His  well-written  and  picturesque  study 

will  be  read  and  discussed  by  those  responsible  for  a  just  view  of  history  for  years  to  come." 

This  Volume  forms  a  Sequel  to  the  same  Author's  '  MARY   OF  MODENA,   QUEEN   OF  JAMES  II.' 


BIOGRAPHIES    OF    TWO    REMARKABLE    PERSONALITIES. 

SIR  GEORGE  GREY :   Pioneer  of  Empire  in  Southern  Lands. 


[Prospectus  post  free. 


By    Prof.    G.    C.    HENDERSON,    M.A.,    of    Adelaide    University. 
With  numerous  Portraits,  Illustrations,  and  Maps.    Cloth,  12s.  6d.  net. 
Daily  News.  —  "  A  remarkable  book  about  a  remarkable  man. 

British  Empire." 

y  and  to  the  philosophy  of  Imperialism.     It  enables  the  student  to  understand  sir  (ieorge  Grey': 


Athentxum.—"  A  valuable  contribution  to  the  history  of  the  British  Empire." 
Morning  /'ost.  —  "Thu  book  is  a  valuable  contribution  to  Imperial  History 
remarkable  personality  and  career  better  than  before." 

Daily  Telegraph.—"  Prof.  Henderson's  remarkably  able  study  of  a  distinguished  man  might  serve  as  a  model  to  future  biographies." 

ABRAHAM        LINCOLN. 

By  HENRY  BRYAN  BINNS,  Author  of  '  A  Life  of  Walt  Whitman.' 

With  many  Portraits  a  nl  other  Illustrations.     Crown  Svo,  cloth,  4s.  Od.  net.  [HfiW  VohuM  i»  the  "Temple  Biographies." 

Westminster  Gazette.  — "  A  careful  and  Interesting  study  of  President  Lincoln.     He  tells  us  more  than  the  ordinary  biographer  of  the  intimate  personal  life." 
Daily  News.— "An  excellent  piece  of  work,  telling  with  sympathy,  with  restraint,  and  often  with  a  flne  insijit,  one  of  the  most   romantic  of  life  storii^." 

Please  ask  for  Catalogue  and  Prospectuses  of  above  Books  free  from  your  Bookseller  or  sent  post  free  on  application 


J.  M.  DENT  &  CO.   Aldinc  House,  Bedford  Street,  London,  W.C. 


310 


THE     A  T  H  E  NiEUM 


No.  4194.  Mak(h  14.  Ii«i8 


CHATTO  &  WINDUS'S  ANNOUNCEMENTS. 


THE     RHINE. 

b,  H  ,i  ||  LCKINDBS,  sometime  Reader  Is  Qeograshy  In  the  University  of 
Oxford.  Fully  illustrated  after  Water-Coloora  by  Mrs.  JAME.S  JARDINE,  wiih 
•J  Folding  Maps  in  Colour,  and  Index. 

Large  fcap.  4to  (9  l>y  CJ  inches),  gilt  top,  20a.  net. 
"Not  for  forty  years  lias  any  work  given  us  such  a  desire  again  to  visit  the  glorious 
Valley  "f  the  Kliine  as  this Illustrations  and  text  are  admirable."— Publishers'  Circular. 

CAIRO,    JERUSALEM,    AND    DAMASCUS: 

Three  Chief  Cities  of  the  Egyptian  Sultans. 

By  D.  S.  B1ABOOLIOUTH,  D.Litt.,  Laudian  Professor  of  Arabic  in  the  University 
of  Oxford.  Fully  illustrated  in  Colour  by  W.  S.  S.  TYRWHITT,  R.B.A.,  and 
REGINALD  HARRATT,  A.R.W.S. 

Large  fcap.  4to  (9  by  6J  inches),  gilt  top,  20s.  net. 

"One  of  those    comparatively  few  works  that   are   both  learned  and   readable 

The  colour  treatment  is  particularly  masterly . . .  .This  reproduction  of  the  very  atmosphere 
of  the  East  is  a  very  distinct  artistic  triumph."— Glasgow  Herald. 


MOLIERE :  a  Biography. 


LISBON  AND  CINTRA. 

With  some  Account  of  other  Cities  and  Historic  Sites  in 
Portugal. 

By  A.  C.  INCHBOLD.     With  30  Illustrations  in  Colour  by  STANLEY  INCHBOLD. 
Large  fcap.  4to  (9  by  GJ  inches),  gilt  top,  10s.  6d.  net. 
"Mrs.  Inchbold's  descriptions  glow  with  something  of  the  half-Eastern  brilliancy  which 
makes  Lisbon  and  Oporto,  Cintra  and  Thomar,  scenes  always  vivid  in  the  memory." 

Daily  Chronicle. 

ARTISTS   OF  THE  ITALIAN  RENAISSANCE. 

By  E.  L.  SEELEY.    With  8  Four-Colour  Plates  and  24  in  Half-Tone. 
Uniform  with  '  Stories  of  the  Italian  Artists  from  Vasari.' 
Large  crown  8vo  (8  by  5J  inches),  red  buckram,  gilt  top,  7s.  6d.  net. 
SPECIAL  EDITION,  small  4to,  parchment,  gilt  top,  15s.  net ;   whole  vellmm, 
20s.  net;  whole  red  polished  morocco  (to  order),  30s.  net. 

"  A  good  idea  well  carried  out,  and  the  illustrations,  reproductions  of  famous  pictures, 
are  most  welcome.    Those  in  colour  are  particularly  well  done." — Evening  Standard. 


STORIES  OF  THE  ITALIAN 

ARTISTS     FROM 


VASARI. 


Collected  and  Arranged  by  E.  L.  SEELEY. 

Red  buckram,  gilt  top,  7s.  6d.  net. 
SPECIAL    EDITION,    small    4to,   parchment,   gilt   top,    15s.    net;    whole    vellum, 
20s.  net;  whole  red  polished  morocco  (to  order),  30s.  net. 


THE    NEW    MEDIEVAL    LIBRARY. 

Each  Volume  contains  Photogravure  or  Woodcut  Reproductions  of  the  Illustrations 
contained  in  the  Works  reproduced.  Each  Volume  further  contains  a  Title-Page 
engraved  upon  Wood,  after  notable  Contemporary  Examples. 

Size  CJ  by  4J  in.,  boards,  cloth,  5s.  net ;  whole  brown  pigskin, 

antique  style,  with  clasps,  7s.  6d.  net. 

NEW    VOLUMES    RUADY    SHORTLY. 

THE  BABEE'S  BOOK:   Mediaeval  Manners  for  the  Young. 
THE    LEGEND   OF   THE    HOLY    FINA,   VIRGIN    OF   SANTO 
GEMINIANO. 

A  Detailed  List  of  the  Series  post  free  on  application. 


THE  MEDICI  SERIES  OF  COLOURED  REPRO 
DUCTIONS    AFTER    THE     OLD     MASTERS 

"The  Medici  Reproductions  are  of  surpassing  excellence give  absolutely  the  impres 

sion  of  the  pictures  themselves,  even  as  regards  irregularities  of  surface."— Daily  Telegraph 


I.    LUINI.     Head  of  the  Virgin. 
II.  LEONARDO  DA  VINCI.     Head  of  the  Christ. 

III.  BOTTICELLI.     Virgin  and  Child. 

IV.  LEONARDO  DA  VINCI.     The  Last  Supper. 

V.   PIERO  DELLA  FRANCESCA.     An  Unknown  Lady. 

VI.   LORENZO  Dl  CREDI.     The  Annunciation. 

OCCASIONAL  PLATE,  I. 

LIPPI-FILIPPO.     The   Virgin,  after   the   Painting  in 

Tempera  on  Wooden  Panel,  Uffizi  Gallery,  Florence, 

of  the  Virgin,  Child,  St.  John,  and  an  Angel.     Coloured 

surface,   13|  by  10  in.     Size  of  Original,  36  by  24  in. 


12s.  6d.  net 
12a.  6d.  net 
12s.  6d.  net 
25s.  net 
10s.  6d.  net 
15s.  net. 


10s.  6d.  net. 


By  H.  C.CHA1  FIELD  TAYLOR  Willi  an  Introduction  by  THOMAS  P.  CRANE, 
Prof.--.. i  ..f  Boa  nice  Lanc.iiae,es,  Cornell  University.  With  Index,  Bibliography, 
and  10  Illustrations,  specially  drawn  by  JOB. 

Royal  svo,  i.iukraui,  gilt  top,  10s.  6d.  net. 
"Mr.  Chatfield  Taylor..  ..It  to  be  congratulated  upon  a  thoroughly  workmanlike  and 
eminently  readable  presentation  of  Moliere Engagingly  interesting."—  Daily  Telegraph. 


JULIE  DE  LESPINASSE. 

By  the  MARQUIS  J>K  SKGUR.  Authorized  English  Version.  With  Photo- 
gravure Frontispiece,  from  the  only  authentic  Portrait  of  Mademoiselle  de  Lespinasse, 
By  CARMONTELLK. 

Demy  8vo,  art  linen,  gilt  top,  7s.  6d  net. 
"  One  of  the  most  enthralling  and  touching  books  that  have  been  published  of  late 
years. " — Spectator. 

MARIE  DE  MEDICIS  AND  THE  COURT  OF 
FRANCE  DURING  THE  XVIIth  CENTURY. 

Authorised  English  Version,  translated  from  the  French  of  M.  LOUIS  BATIFFOL, 
by  MARY  KING,  under  the  Superintendence  of  II.  W.  C.  DAVIS,  fellow  of  Balliol 
College,  Oxford.  With  Collotype  Frontispiece  after  a  rare  Engraving  of  the  t^ueen, 
dated  1601. 

Demy  8vo,  cloth,  7s.  6d.  net.  [Ready  shortly. 

THE  GREATER  ABBEYS  OF  ENGLAND. 

Being  some  Account — Historical  and,  in  reference  to  their  remains,  Topographical — 
of  the  Greater  Monastic  Houses  of  England.  By  the  Right  Rev.  Abbot  GASOUET. 
With  60  Illustrations  in  Water-Colours  after  WARWICK  GOBLE,  the  .Subjects 
selected  by  the  Author. 

Large  fcap.  4to,  cloth,  gilt  top,  20s.  net  [Ready  shortly. 


FROM  THE  FORELAND  TO  PENZANCE : 

The  Ports  and  Harbours  of  the  South  Coast. 

By    CLIVE    HOLLAND.     Fully  illustrated    after    Water-Colours   by   MAURICE 
RANDALL. 

Large  fcap.  4to,  cloth,  gilt  top,  12s.  6d.  net.  [Ready  shortly. 

Long  before  "Drake  sailed  the  Main"  the  Harbours  and  Ports  of  the  South  Coast 
were  old  with  history.  Rye  and  Winchelsea  are  now  far  from  reach  of  high  water,  but 
their  name  remains,  although  Ports  unknown  to  the  world  in  their  day  are  now  their 
legitimate  controllers  of  the  Channel  and  its  ships.  Mr.  Holland  and  Mr.  Randall  have, 
in  these  towns  and  their  story,  a  subject  made  for  the  pen  and  brush  in  combination. 


BALLADS  AND  LYRICS  OF  LOVE. 

Edited,  with  an  Introduction  and  Notes,  by  F.  SIDGWICK.  Chiefly  selected 
from  'Percy's  Reliques.'  Illustrated  with  10  Full-Page  Reproductions  after  the 
Water-Colours  by  BYAM  SHAW,  R.I. 

Large  fcap.  4to,  large  type,  gilt  top,  cloth,  6s.  net.  [May. 

Also  250  numbered  Copies  on  Linen  Paper,  the  Plates  mounted,  bound  whole 
parchment,  12s.  6d.  net. 

THE  KINGS  CLASSICS. 

The  volumes  of  "The  King's  Classics"  are  altogether  different  from  the  ordinary  cheap 
reprints.    The  Athemeum  .says  :  "We  note  with  pleasure  that  competent  scholars  in  every 
case  have  supervised  this  series,  which  can  therefore  be  received  with  confidence." 
Quarter-bound,  antique  grey  boards,  Is.  6d.  net ;  red  cloth,  Is.  6d.  net ;  quarter  vellum, 
grey  cloth  sides,  2s.  6d.  net;  special  three-quarter  vellum,  Oxford  side-papers,  gilt  tops, 

silk  marker,  5s.  net. 

SEVERAL  NEW  VOLUMES  NOW  READY. 
A  detailed  List  of  the  Series  post  free  on  application. 


Full  Particulars  of  Plates  and  Frames,  with  method  of  Publication  and 
Terms  of  Subscription,  will  bo  found  in  an  illustrated  Prospectus,  which 
may  be  had  post  free  on  application. 


EARLY  PAINTERS  OF  THE  NETHERLANDS. 

Issued  in  Ten  Parts  in  Card  Portfolios,  £5  5s.  net  per  part. 

[Part  TV.  now  readit. 

EARLY    GERMAN    PAINTERS. 

Issued  in  Ten  Parts  in  Card  Portfolios.    £5  5s.  net  per  part. 

[Part  II.  ready  in  May. 

ITALIAN   PAINTERS   OF   THE   QUATTRO- 
CENTO   AND    CINQUECENT0. 

Issued  in  Fifteen  Parts  in  Card  Portfolios.    £5  5s.  net  per  part. 

[Part  II.  ready  in  May. 

The  English  edition  of  the  above-mentioned  works  is  limited  to  one  hundred  copies 
of  each,  fifty  of  which  are  for  America. 

The  Publishers  invite  attention  to  the  method  of  Publication,  &c,  which 
aro  given  in  detail  in  a  specially  prepared  illustrated  Prospoctus.  This  will 
bo  sent  post  freo  on  application. 


MESSRS.  CHATTO  &  W INDUS  beg  to  announce  that  their  EXHIBITION  of  the  MEDICI  SERIES  of  COLOURED  REPRODUCTIONS  and 
THE  EARLY  PAINTERS  SERIES  at  the  NEW  DUDLEY  GALLERY,  169,  Piccadilly,  will  REMAIN  OPEN  until  the  END  OF  THE  MONTH. 


London:    CHATTO  &  WINDUS,  Dcpt.  R,  111,  St.  Martin's  Lane,  W.C. 


No.  4194,  March  14,  1908 


THE    ATHEN^UM 


311 


Science  plus  Art 


in  the  making  of 


The  Historians'  History  of  the  World 

No  single  generation  can  claim  a  monopoly  of  artistic  genius.  Nor 
does  progress  render  obsolete  the  artistic  products  of  past  genera- 
tions. Are  there  sculptors  living,  for  example,  whose  work  renders 
superfluous  the  work  of  Phidias,  of  Praxiteles,  of  Michelangelo?  Are 
there  painters  living  whose  work  makes  us  wish  to  dispense  with 
the  canvases  of  Botticelli,  of  Raphael,  of  Titian,  of  Rembrandt, 
of  Velasquez?  Are  there  dramatists  living  whose  works 
cause  us  to  forget  Sophocles,  iEschylus  and  Euripides,  Moliere 
and  Corneille,  Jonson,   Shakespeare,   Goethe,   and  Victor  Hugo? 

Yet  the  knowledge  of  anatomy  in  which  Michelangelo  took  names  of  the  contributors  will  adequately  testify.  But  these 
such  pride  is  the  stock  knowledge  of  thousands  of  students  of  scholars  themselves  would  be  the  first  to  declare  that  their 
to-day;  the  technique  of  the  masters  of  the  Renaissance  is  at  the     joint   efforts,  thus   applied,  could   by   no   possibility  hope   to   pro 


finger-ends  of  other  thousands ;  and  the  structure  of  the  ancient 
dramas  has  been  subjected  to  the  scalpel  of  a  thousand  critics. 
If  knowledge  alone  would  suffice,  thousands  of  students  of 
to-day  might  surpass  the  greatest  works  of  art  and  all  the  masters. 
But  knowledge  alone  does  not  suffice.  Knowledge  alone 
may  produce  a  science.  It  may  explain  and  interpret  an 
art ;  but  it  cannot  create  that 


duce  a  narrative  every  part  of  which  would  bear  comparison,  as 
a  literary  production,  with  already  existing  narratives,  scattered 
throughout  the  literature  of  many  peoples  and  of  various  ages. 
To  find  these  ideal  narratives,  as  we  have  said,  the  editors 
of  The  Historians'  History  searched  far  and  wide;  in  the  high- 
ways of  literature  and  in  its  byways.      They  searched  with  equal 

avidity  through  the  literatures 


art.  For  this  there  is  re- 
quisite knowledge  plus  the 
something — often  indefinable 
save  through  its  results — ■ 
called  artistic  genius. 

All  this  is  true  of  every 
art  whatsoever ;  of  the  art  of 
historical  composition  no  less 
true  than  of  the  others. 
Mere  knowledge  may  produce 
a  Polybius,  a  Diodorus,  a 
Dion  Cassius,  a  Froissart,  a 
Freeman,  or  a  Gardiner ;  it 
could  not  produce  an  Hero- 
dotus, a  Livy,  a  Macchiavelli, 
a  Gibbon,  a  Froude,  a  Oarlyle, 
or  a  Macaulay.  And  what 
is    obviously    true    of    these 


THE    FREE     BOOKLET 


A     full     account     of 
with     sample     pages 
tive     Booklet     which 
free    on    application. 


The  History  is  given,  together 
and  illustrations,  in  a  Descrip- 
will  be  sent  gratis  and  post 
This  Booklet  explains  the  scope 
and  plan  of  The  Historians'  History  of  the  World— 
25  volumes  covering  the  entire  history  of  the  world, 
from  the  earliest  times  to  the  present,  in  a  con- 
tinuous and  fascinating  narrative.  It  explains  also  the 
low  price  at  which  The  History  is  now  offered,  and 
the  easy  terms  of  payment — amounting  to  only  4d.  per 
day  —  on  which  it  may  be  secured.  The  coupon  en- 
ables   you    to    obtain    the    Booklet   gratis   and    post   free. 


master  writers  and  a  score 
or  two  of  their  fellows  is  true  in  greater  or  less  degree  of  some 
hundreds  of  less  famous  narrators,  each  of  whom  has  con- 
tributed to  world-history  some  description  of  an  event,  some 
estimate  of  a  character,  or  some  analysis  of  an  institution  that 
bean  the  stamp  not  of  knowledge  alone,  but  of  knowledge  plus 
something — enthusiasm,  insight,  artistic  feeling — that  raises  it  out 
of  the  ordinary  and  makes  it  in  its  way  an  incomparable  and 
priceless  heritage. 

It  was  chiefly  the  pursuit  of  these  well-told  stories  that  led  the 
editors  of  The  Historians'  History  of  the  World  to  search  throughout 
the  mazes  of  historical  literature  in  all  languages.  For  the  most 
1 1  nt  such  search  was  not  necessary  to  establish  mere  facts.  These 
could  have  been  supplied  by  the  direct  contributors  to  The  History — 
each  in  his  own  particular  field — out  of  the  resources  <>f  their  own 
studies.  Had  nothing  more  been  desired  than  the  production  of  an 
authoritative,  scientifically  exact  record  of  world-history,  without 
pre-eminent  regard  to  the  literary  quality  of  that  record,  by  far  the 
most  facile  method  would  have  been  to  have  each  prominent  con- 
tributor write  de  novo  the  entire  history  of  the  nation  or  the  period 
of  which  his  studies  had  given  him  supreme  knowledge.  Nor  would 
the     resulting    history    have    lacked    in    literary    merit,    as    the 


of  all  languages;  they  gave 
impartial  heed  to  great  names 
and  names  that  were  obscure  ; 
they  sought  the  writer  who 
had  the  gift  of  story-telling 
wherever  he  might  be  found. 
How  well  they  succeeded 
no  one  can  fully  realise  who 
has  not  scanned  at  some 
length  the  pages  of  The  His- 
torians' Histor}\  But  hun- 
dreds of  critics  have  so 
examined  those  pages,  and 
their  almost  unanimous  voice 
has  attested  the  extraordinary 
success  of  one  of  the  most 
herculean  of  literary  under- 
takings. Other  hundreds  of 
general  readers,  who  would 
lay  no  claim  to  literary  insight,  have  similarly  testified  to  the 
engrossing  character  of  the  narrative  which  this  ingenious  method 
has  produced.  Meantime  some  scores  of  technical  students  attest 
that  the  literary  pre-eminence  of  The  Historians'  History  has 
been  achieved  at  no  sacrifice  of  scientific  accuracy.  It  has  more 
than  once  been  said,  and  it  may  with  full  justice  be  repeated,  that 
the  book  represents  the  happiest  combination  of  historical  scholar- 
ship with  literary  acumen  that  ever  went  to  the  production  of  a 
large  historical  work. 

INQUIRY   FORM. 

Tlu  Times  (Book  Club),  Date 

380,  Oxford  Street,  London,  W. 
Please  send  me,  gratis  and  post  free,  the  Descriptive  Booklet  of  The 
Historians'  History  of  the  World,  with  specimen  pages,  particulars  of  pi 
in  various  bindings,  and  tho  convenient  terms  of  payment. 


Namk 


(Please  write  clearly.) 


AnnuEss 
At.  2. 


312 


THE     ATIIEN  JEUM 


No.  4194,  MABCH  14,  1908 


MACMILLAN  &  CO.'S 

NEW    BOOKS. 


MODERN    EGYPT. 


EARL  OF   CROMER. 

With  Portrait  of  the  Author  and  a  Map. 

2  vols.     24*i.  net. 

Times.  — "  Since  Oeesar  wrote  '  De  Bello  Gallico ' 
we  can  recall  no  instance  of  a  great  captain  of  the 
State  telling  so  fully  and  unreservedly,  and  with 
such  lucidity  and  candour,  whilst  still  fresh  in  the 
memory  of  living  men,  the  story  of  great  events 
quorum  piirs  maxima  fuit.  And  Caesar's  must 
have  been  in  many  respects  the  easier  task." 


THE  POCKET  KIPLING. 

Scarlet  limp  leather,  5s\  net.  per  vol. 
THE  NAULAHKA.    A  Story  of  "West  and  East. 

THE  EVERSLEY  TENNYSON. 

Annotated  by  ALFRED,  LORD  TENNYSON.     Edited 

by  HALLAM,  LORD  TENNYSON.     In  9  vols.     Globe 

8vo,  4*.  net  each. 

Vol.  I.  POEMS.     Vol.  IL  POEMS.     Vol.  III.  ENOCH 

ARDEN  and  IN    MEMORIAM  (ready).    Vol.   IV.    THE 

PRINCESS  and  MAUD.  [Tuesday. 

THE  PRIMADONNA.a|^uelto 

By  F.  MARION  CRAWFORD. 

Extra  crown  8vo,  6*. 

THE  LETTERS  OF 
MARTIN  LUTHER. 

Selected  and  Translated  by  MARGARET  A.  CURRIE. 
8vo,  12*.  net. 

***  The  first  collection  in  English  of  the  Letters  of  the 
great  Reformer. 

A    NEW    BOOK    ON    BUDDHISM. 

THE  INWARD  LIGHT. 

By  H.  FIELDING  HALL,  Author  of  'The  Soul 
of  a  People,' &c.  SECOND  IMPRESSION.  8vo,  10s. 
net. 

THE  'EUMENIDES' 
OF  AESCHYLUS. 

With  an  Introduction,  Commentary,  and  Translation. 
By  A.  W.  VEKRALL,  Litt.D.    8vo,  10*\  net. 

THREE  TRAGEDIES 
OF  SENECA. 

HERCULES  PUBENS.  TROADES.  MEDEA. 
With  an  Introduction  and  Notes.  By  Prof.  HUGH  M. 
KING  ERY,  PhD.     Globe  8vo,  3*. 

CONFESSIO   MEDICI. 

By  the  Writer  of  'The  Young  People.'  Extra  crown 
8vo,  3s.  6d.  net. 

*»*  A  volume  of  essays,  full  of  warm-hearted  kindliness 
and  miick  humour,  that  appeal  to  all  who  take  an  interest 
in  suffering  humanity. 


TYPES  OF   TRAGIC  DRAMA. 

By  Prof.  C.  E.  VAUGHAN,  M.A.     Extra  crown  8vo, 
5«.  net. 

***  A  work  which  traces  the  growth  of  the  drama  from 
.flSschylus  to  Ibsen. 


HURST  &  BLACK ETT'S 

NEW  LIST. 


SIX-SHILLING    NOVELS. 

ON  MONDAY. 
NEW  NOVEL  BY  A  NEW  WRITER. 

THE    SQUATTER'S    WARD. 

By  E.  S.  SORENSON. 


NOW    READY. 

NEW  NOVEL 

BY  CHRISTABEL  COLERIDGE, 

Author  of   '  An   English  Squire,'   '  The  Tender 
Mercies  of  the  Good,'  &c. 

MISS      LUCY. 

NEW  NOVEL  BY  EDWARD  McNULTY, 

Author  of  '  Maureen,'  'Misther  O'Ryan,'  Ac. 

MRS.  MULLIGANS  MILLIONS 

"A  most  amusing  and  thoroughly  enjoyable  story.... 
Really  capital  stuff— a  laugh  on  every  other  page,  and  two 
laughs  on  the  pages  in  between." — Daily  Graphic. 

NEW  NOVEL  BY  MRS.  ALICE  DIEHL, 

Author  of  'The  Garden  of  Eden,'  '  True  Story 
of  My  Life,'  &c. 

AN  ACTORS  LOVE  STORY. 

NEW  NOVEL  BY  MRS.  FRED  REYNOLDS, 

Author  of  '  A  Quaker  Wooing,'  '  In  Silence,'  &c. 

ST.  DAVID  OF  THE  DUST. 

"This  pathetic  story,  with  its  heroic  climax,  holds  the 
reader's  heart." — Scotsman. 

"The  Welsh  spirit  of  mysticism  and  poetry  pervades  the 
book...  it  will  inevitably  add  to  Mrs.  Reynolds's  already 
established  reputation."— Daily  Express. 

NEARLY  READY. 
NEW  NOVEL  BY  RALPH  RODD, 

Author  of  'A  Fighter  in  Khaki.' 

THE  HAND  ON  THE  STRINGS. 

NEW  VOLUME  BY  SARAH  GRAND. 

EMOTIONAL    MOMENTS. 


MACMILLAN    k    CO.,  Ltd.,    London. 


NEW  NOVEL  BY  MADAME  ALBANESI. 

DRUSILLAS  POINT  OF  VIEW. 

HISTORY  OF  THE  WAR  IN 
SOUTH    AFRICA,    1899 1902. 

Compiled  by  the  direction  of  H.M.  Government. 

VOLS.    I.    AND    II.    NOW    READY. 

Vols.  III.  and  IV.  in  preparation. 

Price  21s.  each  net ;  or  17s.  6<7.  each  net  if  the  4  volumes 
are  subscribed  for. 

EDNA  LYALLS  NOVELS. 

In    a   new   artistic   binding,    crown   8vo,    3&    6d. 
DONOVAN :  a  Modern  Englishman. 
WE  TWO. 
KNIGHT  ERRANT. 
IN  THE  GOLDEN  DAYS. 
WON  BY  WAITING. 
A  HARDY  NORSEMAN. 
TO  RIGHT  THE  WRONG. 
IN  SPITE  OF  ALL. 

HURST    &    BLACKETT,    Limited, 
182,  High   Holborn,  W.C. 


THE    SOCIALIST    MOVEMENT 
IN    ENGLAND. 

By  BROUOHAU   VILLIER8.      Demy   It©, 

103.  6d.  net. 
This    is   the   Br»t    work    which    in    any    degree 
adequately  explains  the  evolution  und  character  ofl 
the  Socialist  movement  in  this  country. 

PORTUGAL. 

By  If.  MORSE  STEPHENS,  M.A. 
Edition.  With  a  new  Chapter,  dealing  with 
the  most  recent  events,  by  Major  MARTIN" 
HUME,  and  5  new  Illustrations,  including 
Portraits  of  the  late  King  and  Crown  Prince 
and  the  new  King.  53.  (Story  of  the 
Nations. ) 

CRIMINAL     APPEAL 
AND    EVIDENCE. 

By  N.  W.  SIBLEY,  B.A.  LL.1L,  Joint 
Author  of  '  International  Law  a6  Interpreted 
during  the  Russo-Japanese  War.'    15s.  net. 


HISTORY  OF  CIVILISATION. 

By    CHARLES    SEIGNOBOS.        5s.    net 
each. 

Vol.  I.  HISTORY  OF  ANCIENT  CIVILI- 
SATION. 

Vol.  II.  HISTORY  OF  MEDLEVAL  CIVI- 
LISATION. 

A  concise  review  of  the  development  of  European 
civilisation  6ince  the  downfall  of  the  Roman 
Empire. 

LIFE    OF   GOETHE. 

By  HEINRICH  DUNTZER.    With  authentic- 
Illustrations   and   Facsimiles.     Cloth,    Cheap 
Edition,  2s.  6d.  net. 
"Contains    much    information    that    has    never 
before  found  its  way  into  print." — Daily  Telegraph. 

A  REPLY  TO  THE  ENCYCLICAL  PASCENDI 
OF  PIUS  X. 

THE   PROGRAMME    OF 
MODERNISM. 

Translated  from  the  Italian.     5s.  net. 

MY   LIFE    IN   THE    OPEN. 

By   WILL  H.    OOILVIE.    Author  of    'Fair 
Girls  and  Grey  Horses.'     With  an  Introduc- 
tion and  a  Portrait.     5s.  net. 
Vivid  impressions  of  open-air  life  in  many  parts 
of  the  world. 


BRITISH   BIRD   LIFE. 

Bv  W.  PERCIVAL  WESTELL,  M.B.O.U. 
F.R.H.S.  With  an  Introduction  by  Sir 
HERBERT  MAXWELL,  Bart.,  and  over 60 
Illustrations.  Cheap  Edition,  3s.  6d. 
Popular  sketches  of  every  species  of  bird  which 
regularly  nests  in  the  British  Isles. 

SPECIAL    EDITION. 
THE    MERMAID   SERIES. 

The  Best  Plays  of  the  Old  Dramatists. 

Literal   Reproductions  of   the   Old   Text. 

With  Photogravure  Frontispieces. 

The  volumes  may  tune  be  obtained  bound  in  the 

following  styles: — 

I.  Crown   Svo,   uncut,    brown   paper    boards, 

with  label,  3s.  6d. 
II.  Crown  Svo,   uncut,  green  cloth,   with   gilt 
lettering  on  ink  panel,  3S.  6d. 

III.  Crown  Svo,   uncut  top,  brown  cloth,   with 

gilt  lettering  and  decorative  design    in 
brown,  3s.  6d. 

IV.  Crown  Svo,  full  vellum,  with  gilt  lettering 

and  gilt  top,  6s.  net. 

The  Thin-Paper  Edition,  in  cloth  at  2s.  6d.  net, 
and  in  leather  at  3s.  6d.  net,  is  also  obtainable. 

List  of  Vohunes  sent  post  free  on  application. 
T.  FISHER  UNWIN,  1,  Adelphi  Terrace,  London. 


No.  4194,  March  14,  1908 


SATURDAY,  MARCH  U,  1008. 


THE     ATHENAEUM 


313 


CONTENTS. 

PAGE 

Bombay  in  the  Days  of  George  IV 313 

The  Epistles  to  the  Thessalonians 314 

Pekdita:  a  Romance  in  Biography 315 

Milan  under  the  Sforza 316 

New  Novels  (White  Rose  of  Weary  Leaf  ;  St.  David 

of  the  Dust ;  The  Pulse  of  Life ;  The  Red  Peril ; 

The  Path  of  Lies  ;  India's  Saint  and  the  Viceroy  ; 

Beatrix  of  Clare  ;  The  Worst  Man  in  the  World ; 

John  Brown,  Buccaneer;  The  Last  of  her  Race; 

The  Nun  ;  Die  Gotischen  Zinimer)      . .         . .       317—318 

Hebrew  and  Syriac 319 

Essays 319 

Books  on  Socialism 320 

Our  Library  Table  (The  Cruise  of  the  Port  Kingston ; 

La  Rivalite"  anglo-russe  en  Asie ;  The  New  York 

World ;  Annuaire  Statistique  ;  Lavisse's  Histoire  de 

France  ;  A  Short  History  of  Philosophy  ;  Vickers's 

Newspaper  Gazetteer) 320 — 321 

Francis  Reginald  Statham  ;  The  Derivation  of 

"London";  Edmondo  de  Amicis 322 

List  of  New  Books 323 

Literary  Gossip        324 

Science— Books  on  Birds  ;  Societies  :  Meetings 

Next  Week  ;  Gossip 326—328 

Fine    Arts  —  Water-Colour    Exhibitions;    The 

Dublin  Municipal  Gallery  of  Modern  Art  ; 

Allied  Artists'  Association  ;  Sale  ;  Gossip  ; 

Exhibitions         328-330 

Music— Music  in  Italy  in  the  Seventeenth  Cen- 
tury ;  Gossip  ;  Performances  Next  Week  . .  331 
Drama— Mrs.    Bill;    Tudor     Facsimile   Texts; 

Gossip         331-332 

Index  to  Advertisers       332 


LITERATURE 


Bombay  in  the  Days  of  George.  IV.  : 
Memoirs  of  Sir  Edward  West,  Chief 
Justice  of  the  King's  Court  during  its 
Conflict  with  the  East  India  Company. 
With  Hitherto  Unpublished  Documents. 
By  F.  Dawtrey  Drewitt,  M.D.  Illus- 
trated.    (Longmans  &  Co.) 

Thackeray  loved  to  sketch  the  social 
life  of  the  Anglo-Indian  in  a  bygone  day 
and  to  draw  the  actors  upon  that  stage. 
His  Anglo-Indian  characters  are,  however, 
lineal  descendants  of  the  Nawab  of  the 
British  drama.  At  Bundlegunge,  in  the 
Madras  Presidency,  we  meet  Col.  Sir 
Michael  O'Dowd,  "who  plays  a  good  knife 
and  fork  at  tiffin,  and  smokes  his  hookha 
after  both  meals."  Lady  O'Dowd  is  "  one 
of  the  greatest  ladies  in  the  Presidency  ; 
her  quarrel  with  Lady  Smith,  wife  of 
Sir  Minos  Smith,  the  Puisne  judge,  is  still 
remembered  by  some  at  Madras."  Dr. 
Drewitt,  by  the  publication  of  '  Bombay 
in  the  Days  of  George  IV.,'  has  revived 
our  interest  in  the  social  India  which  had 
so  great  an  attraction  for  Thackeray. 
We  again  meet  Col.  Sir  Michael  O'Dowd 
and  Lady  Smith,  wife  of  the  Puisne 
judge  ;  but  Lady  Smith  is  Lady  West, 
whose  diary  occupies  so  large  a  space 
in  the  book.  It  is  a  very  human  docu- 
ment, never  meant  for  publication,  and 
affords  an  amusing  study,  not  only  of  the 
society  of  the  day,  but  also  of  the  writer's 
conduct  and  character.  The  portrait 
of  Lady  West,  which  forms  the  frontis- 
piece, represents  a  simple  and  charming 
English  girl,  but  the  mouth  shows  that 
she  wrote  the  diary. 

Edward  West  was  appointed  in  1822 
Recorder  to  the  King's  Court  of  Bombay. 
He  had  been  educated  at  Harrow,  taken 


a  first-class   in  classics  and   mathematics 
at  Oxford,  been  elected  a  Fellow  of  Uni- 
versity  College,   and   eight  years   before 
his   appointment   to   Bombay   had   been 
called   to   the  Bar.     In   1815  West  had 
published  an  essay  on  '  The  Application 
of  Capital  to  Land,'  showing  the  "  impolicy 
of  any  great  restriction  on  the  importation 
of    corn."     Ricardo,    in    the    Preface    to 
his    '  Principles    of    Political    Economy,' 
says  that  "  Mr.  Malthus  and  the  author 
of  the  '  Essay  '  presented  to  the  world, 
nearly   at    the   same   moment,    the   true 
doctrine  of  rent."     His  love  of  economics 
never    deserted    him,    and    from    India 
West   sent   home   a   pamphlet   on    '  The 
Price  of  Corn  and  Wages  of  Labour.'     In 
this  tract  he  "  suggested  the  precise  plan 
upon    which    Mr.    Canning's    Corn    Bill 
was    framed."     Ninety    years    after    his 
first    economic     essay    appeared    it    was 
republished  by  the  Johns  Hopkins  Uni- 
versity   of    Baltimore.     West    also    pub- 
lished '  A  Treatise  of  the  Law  and  Practice 
of  Extents,'  and  we  are  told,  by  one  who 
spoke  with  authority,  that  "  as  a  practical 
lawyer  he  belonged  to  the  highest  class 
of   his   profession."     He    had,    therefore, 
many  sound  qualifications  for  the  exalted 
judicial  office  to  which  he  was  appointed. 

In  1773  the  Regulating  Act,  by  which 
Parliament  first  took   upon  itself  direct 
responsibility  for  the  government  of  India, 
was  passed.     In  order  that  the  King  of 
England  should,  without  proclaiming  the 
fact,  be  sovereign  of  Bengal,  and  to  prevent 
the  tyranny  and   corruption   of  the  Com- 
pany's   servants,    a    Supreme    Court    of 
Judicature  was   established   at   Calcutta, 
to  consist  of  a  Chief  Justice  and  three 
other   judges.     It   was   not   till   fourteen 
years  had  passed  that  the  Court  of  the 
Recorder    was     instituted     in     Bombay. 
Justice  had  previously  been  administered 
by  the  Mayor's  Court,  a  body  consisting 
of  a  Mayor  and  Aldermen  chosen  by  the 
local    Government,    generally    from    the 
civil    servants    of    the    Company    or    the 
leading    merchants    of    the    place.     The 
judges  had  no  legal  education,  and  the 
attorneys,  who  practised  also  as  counsel, 
had    seldom    any    training    in    a    regular 
Court  of  Justice.       By  the  royal  charter 
instituting   the  new  Court  the  Recorder, 
who  was  to  preside,  was  to  be  a  barrister 
of  at  least  five  years'  standing,  appointed 
by  the  Crown.   The  Mayor  and  Aldermen, 
however,    still   continued    to   sit   on    the 
bench    as   judges.     The    departments    of 
the  barrister  and  attorney  were  separated. 
The  first  Recorder  was  Sir  William  Syer, 
who  presided  over  the  Court  for  five  years. 
He  was  succeeded  by  Sir  James  Mackin- 
tosh, "  the  man  of  promise,"  who  some 
years  before  had  been  offered  by   "  the 
Great  Marquis "   a    professorship  in   the 
college   which   he   erected   on   the   banks 
of    the    Hughly    for    the    education    of 
civilians.     Mackintosh    lived    at    the    old 
Government  House  at  Parell,  which  was 
lent  to  him  by  the    Governor,  Jonathan 
Duncan  :    "  It  is  a  large,  airy,  and  hand- 
some house,  with  two  noble  rooms,  situated 
in  the  midst  of  grounds  that  have  much 
the    character    of  a    fine  English  park." 
He      had      brought     a     goodly     library 


with  him.  In  the  two  noble  rooms 
he  spent  most  of  his  time,  studying 
Kant  and  Fichte,  and  reading  Scott  and 
Wordsworth.  "  We  have  been  delighted," 
he  writes,  "  with  Cowper's  third  volume, 
even  more  than  with  either  of  the  former. 
His  mixture  of  playfulness  and  tenderness 
is  very  bewitching.  He  is  always  smiling 
through  his  tears."  Mackintosh  did  not, 
in  season  and  out  of  season,  rail  at  the 
society  of  Bombay,  but  he  attempted 
to  raise  its  intellectual  tone  by  founding 
the  Literary  Society,  which  was  intended 
to  promote  the  study  of  the  literature, 
religion,  and  manners  and  customs  of  the 
natives.  Soon  after  his  arrival  he  had 
to  give  judgment  in  some  difficult  and 
delicate  cases  which  involved  Government 
officials  in  corruption,  and  became  un- 
popular in  a  small  society  which  was 
still,  to  some  degree,  but  not  to  the  extent 
whichDr.  Drewitt  would  lead  us  to  suppose, 
tainted  with  abuses  of  the  old  order. 
He,  however,  in  time  secured  the  goodwill 
of  his  countrymen  by  his  courtesy  and 
genuine  kindness  of  heart.  Dr.  Drewitt 
states  :  "  Mackintosh  retired  to  England, 
and  carried  with  him  to  his  grave  the 
scars  of  the  single-handed  struggle  for 
justice."  It  is  true  that  Ms  health  suffered 
from  the  climate  of  Bombay,  but  he  lived 
for  twenty  years  after  his  return  to 
England,  and  did  some  of  his  best  work 
during  his  later  life. 

Of  Jonathan  Duncan  we  are  told  : 
"  Jonathan  Duncan  was  a  well-intentioned, 
laborious  Governor  of  Bombay  in  the  time 
of  Sir  James  Mackintosh."  This  is  far 
too  meagre.  Jonathan  Duncan  was  one 
of  the  ablest  of  the  many  able  men  who 
have  with  firmness  and  equity  adminis- 
tered our  British  Indian  Empire.  The 
judges  of  the  King's  Court  were  not,  as 
this  book  seems  to  suggest,  the  only 
men  in  authority,  nor  the  first,  who 
fought  against  corruption.  Some  time 
before  that  Court  was  instituted  Jonathan 
Duncan  put  down  corruption  at  Benares 
with  a  strong  hand,  and  so  incurred  a 
great  deal  of  hostility.  In  that  hotbed 
of  Hinduism  he  also  attempted  to  sup- 
press infanticide.  He  was  also  for 
sixteen  years  Governor  of  Bombay  at 
the  most  critical  period  in  the  history 
of  British  dominion  in  India.  His  ability 
as  an  administrator,  and  the  confidence 
the  natives  had  in  him,  were  of  great 
service  to  Lord  Wellesley  and  the  Duke 
of  Wellington  in  the  wars  against  Tippu 
and  the  Marathas.  His  and  Keating's 
pacification  of  Kathiawar  will  bear  com- 
parison with  the  pacification  of  the 
Punjab. 

Edward  West  was  knighted  on  his 
appointment,  and  sailed  with  his  wife, 
whom  he  had  married  a  few  weeks  before, 
on  August  7th,  1822,  landing  at  Bombay 
on  February  2nd  of  the  following  year. 
Lady  West,  fresh  from  an  English 
country  home,  at  once  passed  a  sweeping 
condemnation  on  her  sisters  in  exile. 
Twenty  days  after  landing  she  enters 
in  her  diary  :  "  Returning  visits  is  a  great 
bore,  as  all  the  people  I  have  yet  seen 
are  unplcasing  Mid  vulgar,  and  wishing 
to  be  fine  ladies."     Time  did  not  soften 


:U4 


THE     ATHEN  JEUM 


No.  4104,  March  14,  1908 


her  prejudice  against  the  society  over 
which  she  bed  been  called  to  preside,  end 
two  yean  later  we  read  : — 

••  \\'.«  diii.xl  yesterday  at  Govornmont 
House.  I  passed  a  pleasant  day,  as  I  sat 
between  the  Governor  and  the  Bishop,  who 

i  t  of  course,  a  perfect  and  polite  gentleman 
(a  rarity  he  o),  and  talked  much  of  Edward's 
talents  and  the  good  lie  is  doing,  and  that 
be  would  be  Chief  Justice  of  Calcutta." 

A  few  days  later  Lady  West,  sitting 
at  dinner  between  Sir  Charles  Chambers 
and  the  Bishop,  almost  finds  it  "  Eng- 
land again  from  the  manner  and  style  of 
behaviour  and  conversation — so  unlike  the 
Goths  here."  The  Bishop  Mas  Reginald 
Heber,  poet,  scholar,  and  divine,  Bishop  of 
Calcutta,  and  Metropolitan  of  India,  who 
was  at  the  time  holding  a  visitation  at 
Bombay.  His  sermons,  however,  did 
not  meet  with  Lady  West's  approval : 
"  He  is  not  to  me  at  all  a  very  fine  or 
interesting  preacher."  The  delivery,  we 
are  told,  was  "  bad,  and  the  voice  harsh 
and  unpleasing."  Another  famous  per- 
son took  Lady  West  in  to  dinner,  but 
did  not  prove  so  pleasant  as  the  Bishop  : 

"  Aug.  2.  Y  sterday  we  had  a  dinner  to 
Sir  Hudson  Lowe.  He  took  me  to  dinner, 
and  is,  I  think,  a  stupid  man  ;  looks  sheepish, 
vory  silent,  and  anything  but  pleasing. 

"  Aug.  14.  We  dined  yesterday  with  the 
Chambers  t  meet  Sir  Hudson  Lowe,  who 
I  certainly  think  one  of  the  most  unpre- 
possessing persons  I  ever  saw.  He  seems 
indifferent  even  to  civility  and  attention." 

Lady  West  was  not  herself  particu- 
larly sensitive  to  civility  and  attention. 
Mountstuart  Elphinstone,  scholar  and 
statesman,  and  acknowledged  by  Euro- 
peans and  natives  to  be  the  most 
courteous  of  men,  could  not  win  her  good 
graces.  At  first  she  found  him  very 
pleasant,  but  when  official  differences 
arose  between  the  Chief  Justice  and  the 
Governor  we  read  :  "  Mr.  Elphinstone 
was  at  the  Scotch  Church.  He  is  not 
over-burdened  with  religion  ;  for  popula- 
rity he  goes  sometimes  to  one,  sometimes 
to  the  other."  Elphinstone  went  to  the 
Scotch  Church  because  he  was  a  Presby- 
terian, and  to  the  English  Church  because 
he  was  Governor  of  Bombay.  Lady 
West  writes  to  the  Governor,  informing 
him  that  she  had  "  met  several  times 
at  his  house  ladies  of  spotted  reputation," 
and  she  states  :  "  Of  course  I  had  a  polite 
answer,  pretending  ignorance  on  the 
subject."  A  polite  answer  is  what  she 
did  not  deserve.  The  Chief  Justice  and 
his  wife  belonged  to  that  unfortunate 
class  who  cultivate  mental  and  physical 
corns.  The  question  of  precedence — that 
bugbear  of  a  small  society — seems  to  have 
haunted  them.  They  dined  with  Sir 
Charles  Col  vile,  and  had  "  a  most  un- 
pleasant day,"  as  "  Edward  had  not  his 
proper  place  assigned."  Again  at  Parell  : 
"  The  Governor  thought  proper  not  to 
allot  any  Lady  to  Edward,  though  the 
First  Person  in  the  Room."  We  are 
further  told  : — 

"  Edward  wished  to  have  come  away 
quietly  as  soon  as  tho  gentlemen  came  up 
in  the  Drawing  -  Room,  and  to  avoid  Mr. 
Elphinstone,  who  stopped  him  at  the  head 
of  the  stairs,  and  said  something  about  a 


slight  mistake.  I'M  ward,  of  course,  SSked 
i <  >i-  an  explanation,  this  not  being  tho  first 
or  the  loth  time  Mr.  Elphinstone  has 
behaved  with  rudeness  at  his  house." 

The  next  morning  we  have  the  extra- 
ordinary scene  of  a  fiery  colonel  and  the 
( Ihief  Justice  discussing  on  the  beach 
a  challenge  from  the  Governor,  which 
the  Chief  Justice  very  properly  declined. 
Elphinstone  mistook  "  explanation  "  for 
"  satisfaction."     He  wrote  : — 

'  To  challenge  a  Chief  Justice  is  ono  of  the 
last  things  that  could  have  entered  into  my 
imagination.  I  understood  you  to  have 
almost  in  plain  terms  challenged  me,  and 
when  I  sent  a  friend  to  you  this  morning,  it 
was  not  without  a  hope  that  on  reflection 
you  would  have  expressed  your  regret  at 
the  proceeding  adopted." 

A  battle  of  letters  was  bound  to  follow, 
but  Elphinstone  was  able  at  last  to 
close  the  controversy  by  an  epistle  which 
even  Lady  West  acknowledged  to  be 
"  a  very  gentlemanlike  and  proper  letter." 

In  a  memoir  of  Sir  Edward  West  the 
ashes  of  long  -  forgotten  controversies 
had  to  be  raked  up.  The  hearty  abuse 
which  Lady  West,  when  aggrieved,  dashed 
against  her  husband's  opponents  may 
be  pardoned,  and  even  read  with  cynical 
amusement ;  but  Dr.  Drewitt's  often 
unfair  commentary  on  men  and  events 
cannot  be  read  without  pain.  The  dust 
of  the  dead  has  been  at  times  unduly 
disturbed.  The  case  of  William  Erskine, 
historian  and  Oriental  scholar,  is  discussed 
at  undue  length  and  with  considerable 
acrimony.  The  matter  can  be  put  in 
a  small  compass,  and  the  conclusion 
is  drawn  from  a  careful  study  of  the 
records  of  the  period.  William  Erskine, 
who  was  Master  in  Equity  and  Clerk  of 
the  Court  for  Small  Causes,  was  removed 
from  these  offices  and  accused  of  defalca- 
tions. The  Recorder,  we  consider,  acted 
rightly  in  removing  him  from  them  for 
neglect  of  duty,  and  for  allowing  himself 
to  be  too  much  in  the  hands  of  his  native 
clerk  ;  but  of  Erskine's  own  honesty  there 
can  be  no  doubt.  At  the  time  the  residents 
of  Bombay  considered  that  West's  conduct 
had  been  harsh,  and  on  Erskine's  departure 
a  letter  was  sent  to  him  from  the  Bombay 
Literary  Society,  of  which  he  was  secre- 
tary, expressing  its  regret  at  his  departure 
and  the  high  sense  it  entertained  of  the 
"  important  benefits  that  he  had  con- 
ferred upon  it,"  and  stating  that  lie  would 
always  be  remembered  with  "  sentiments 
of  truest  respect  and  esteem."  William 
Erskine  was  one  of  the  gentlest  and  most 
modest  of  scholars,  unfit  to  be  Clerk  of  an 
Indian  Small  Cause  Court,  but  he  was 
also  one  of  the  most  generous  of  men. 
His  '  History  of  India  under  Babar  and 
Humayun  '  places  liim  in  the  first  rank 
of  English  historians.  The  book,  however, 
by  which  he  is  best  known  is  the  transla- 
tion of  Babar's  memoirs,  one  of  the  most 
delightful  of  works.  The  title-page  states 
that  it  was  translated  partly  by  Leyden  and 
partly  by  Erskine.  But  the  translation 
was  mainly  made  by  the  latter,  and  the 
profits  of  the  work  were  devoted  to  the 
help  of  Leyden's  father. 

Edward  West  and  Mountstuart  Elphin- 


stone were  both  noble  at  heart  ;  both 
were  desirous  to  eradicate  old  abuses 
and  do  justice  to  the  natives.  But  an 
official  collision  between  a  Recorder  who 
was  appointed  by  the  Crown  to  preside 
over  a  high  tribunal  with  a  jurisdiction 
as  yet  undefined  with  sufficient  accuracy, 
and  who  was  filled  with  a  desire  to  re- 
form, but  had  no  knowledge  of  the  cha- 
racter of  Orientals,  and  a  Governor  who 
had  spent  twenty-five  years  in  the  country, 
had  risen  through  all  the  gradations  of 
public  service,  had  a  thorough  knowledge 
of  the  people,  and  had  to  regard  matters 
from  an  executive  point  of  view,  was 
inevitable  as  fate.  But  this  collision 
ought  not  to  affect  our  belief  in  the 
moral  character  of  the  two  combatants. 
It  has,  however,  impaired  the  judgment 
of  West's  biographer.  He  can  see 
little  that  is  good  in  a  man  who  dis- 
agreed with  his  hero  ;  he  considers  that 
Elphinstone's  love  of  popularity  led  him 
into  methods  "  too  clever  by  half  "  ;  it 
caused  "  a  loss  of  that  scrupulousness 
in  word  and  deed  which  has  happily  been 
an  attribute  of  most  great  Englishmen." 
But  there  is  no  evidence  brought  forward 
to  support  this  grave  charge  against 
one  who  was  considered  by  his  contempo- 
raries, European  and  Indian,  as  the  soul 
of  honour. 

The  best  testimony  of  the  success  of 
Elphinstone's  eight  years'  rule  is  the 
address  presented  to  him  by  the  native 
inhabitants  of  the  Presidency  on  the  eve 
of  his  departure.  Besides  presenting  him 
with  this  they  subscribed  the  handsome 
sum  of  20,000Z.  for  the  foundation  of  pro- 
fessorships for  the  purpose  of  teaching  the 
natives  the  English  language  and  the  arts, 
sciences,  and  literature  of  Europe.  The 
natives  of  Bombay,  Hindus,  Parsees,  and 
Mohammedans,  combined  and  founded  a 
scholarship  in  order  to  honour  and  per- 
petuate West's  memory  also.  Both  men 
possessed  the  two  great  elements  of  social 
virtues :  respect  for  the  rights  of  others,  and 
sympathy  for  the  trials  and  sufferings  of  all 
men.  We  are  glad  that  justice  has  at 
last  been  done  to  the  Indian  career  of 
Edward  West  and  the  good  fight  he  fought. 
The  book  will  be  of  use  to  the  historian 
on  account  of  the  important  material  it 
contains,  which  has  evidently  cost  con- 
siderable labour  and  careful  research. 
Its  utility  is  greatly  enhanced  by  a  valu- 
able index,  and  the  proofs  have  been  read 
with  commendable  care. 


St.  PauVs  Epistles  to  the  Thcssalonians. 
The  Greek  Text,  with  Introduction  and 
Notes  by  George  Milligan,  D.D.  (Mac- 
millan  &  Co.) 

This  commentary  deserves  high  praise. 
Dr.  Milligan  has  done  everything  that 
can  be  expected  from  an  editor.  He  has 
examined  carefully  nearly  all  the  works 
that  could  throw  light  on  his  subject.  He 
has  extracted  from  them  whatever  might 
help  to  render  the  meaning  clear.  He 
has  written  a  valuable  Introduction  on 
Thessalonica,  the  Thessalonian  Church, 
the  language  and  doctrine  of  the  Epistles, 


No.  4194,  March  14,  1908 


THE    ATHEN^UM 


315 


their  authenticity  and  integrity,  and 
similar  matters.  He  has  put  together 
a  list  of  the  MSS.  and  the  Fathers  on 
whose  authority  the  text  is  based  ;  and 
he  has  supplied  a  selected  b'st  of  com- 
mentaries and  books  relating  to  the  lan- 
guage of  the  Epistles.  Every  part  bears 
traces  of  conscientious  labour,  and  great 
care  has  been  taken  with  the  printing, 
such  mistakes  as  "  Griefswald,"  8i<f>depai, 
and  o-eAiSes  being  rare. 

The  special  feature  of  the  commentary 
is  its  constant  appeal  to  the  language 
of  the  papyri  and  the  Septuagint.  Great 
facilities  are  now  afforded  for  doing  this 
by  Redpath's  complete  concordance  to 
the  Septuagint,  the  indexes  with  which 
the  pubbshed  papyri  are  furnished,  and 
the  grammars  of  the  language  of  inscrip- 
tions and  papyri  which  have  recently 
appeared.  Dr.  Milbgan  seems  to  have 
made  a  dibgent  search  through  them  ah1. 
His  work  looks  most  similar  to  Elhcott's 
commentary  on  the  two  Epistles;  but 
much  new  matter  is  introduced  by  his 
acquaintance  with  the  koivt),  and  know- 
ledge of  recent  (especially  German)  hte- 
rature  on  St.  Paul  and  his  work. 

Dr.  Milbgan  belongs,  however,  in  some 
respects  to  the  old  school  of  commentators. 
He  is  not  so  anxious  to  discover  what 
St.    Paul    really    thought    as    to    make 
St.  Paul's  words  mean  what  is  in  harmony 
with  his  own  theology.     Also,  in  discussing 
the  genuineness  of  the  Epistles,  he  un- 
consciously  assumes   an   apologetic   atti- 
tude.    He  tries  to  state  fairly  what  are 
the    arguments    employed    against    the 
authenticity  of  the  second  Epistle  ;    but 
he    cannot    do    this    without    qualifying 
them  in   such  a   way  that  they  take  a 
different  form  from  what  they  would  do 
if  those  who  believed  them  were  stating 
them.     He  is  also  inclined  to  be  biassed 
somewhat  in  his  references  to  the  bterature 
on  the  subject.     Thus  he  mentions  that 
Von   Soden   defends   the   genuineness   of 
the  first  Epistle,  but  he  does  not  state 
that  the  same  scholar  rejects  the  second 
Epistle.     Von  Soden  adduces  strong  argu- 
ments against  its  Pauline  authorship,  and 
Dr.  Milbgan  would  have  done  well  if  he 
had  met  these  fully  and  fairly.     Though 
Dr.  Milligan  belongs  to  the  conservative 
school  of  theologians,  time  has  produced 
a    marked    difference    between    him    and 
EUicott.      The  one    great    question   that 
arises  in  connexion  with  the  Epistles  to 
the  Thessalonians  is   the    opinion  of  the 
writer  or  writers  in  regard  to  the  second 
coming    of    Christ.     In    the    one    Epistle 
this  coming  is  set  forth  as  near  at  hand  ; 
in  the  second  the  words  rather  point  to  a 
more  distant  date.     Dr.  Milligan  maintains 
that  there  is  no  inconsistency.     He  states 
that   there   can   be   no   doubt   "  that,   in 
common    with    all    the    other    Apostolic 
writers,    St.    Paul    regards    this   Parousia 
as   close  at   hand."     And   in   a   note   he 
refers    "  to    the    teaching    of    our    Lord 
Himself,  on   which  doubtless  in  the  last 
instance  this  belief  rested."     He  interprets 
the  passage  in  the  Epistle  which  expresses 
the   nearness    of   Christ's   appearance  as 
containing  a  statement  that  St.  Paul  had 
it  "on  the  direct  authority  of  the  Lord 


Himself  that  we  who  are  surviving  when 
the  Lord  comes  will  not  in  any  way 
anticipate  those  who  have  fallen  asleep." 
In  other  words,  he  thinks  that  St.  Paul 
received  a  direct  revelation  that  the  coming 
of  Christ  was  near  at  hand.  But  he 
maintains  that  the  statement  in  the 
second  Epistle  does  not  mean  that  the 
coming  was  to  be  long  delayed.  Simply  it 
was  not  to  take  place  immediately. 
St.  Paul  held  to  the  end,  he  affirms,  the 
belief  that  the  time  was  near  : — 

"  As  a  matter  of  fact  the  near  approach 
of  the  Parousia  here  implied  would  seem, 
notwithstanding  many  statements  to  the 
contrary,  to  have  been  held  by  St.  Paul 
throughout  his  life." 

Dr.  Milbgan  says  that  the  Apostles 
"  were  mistaken  in  this  belief,"  and  he 
speaks  of  "  the  want  of  system  which 
distinguishes  so  much  of  his  [Paul's] 
eschatology  both  here  and  elsewhere." 
Elbcott's  comment  on  the  words  of  the 
Epistle  is  very  different : — 

"  It  does  not  seem  improper  to  admit 
that  in  their  ignorance  of  the  day  of  the 
Lord  (Mark  xiii.  32)  the  Apostles  might 
have  imagined  that  He  who  was  coming 
would  come  speedily,  but  it  does  seem 
incautious  to  ascribe  to  inspired  men 
definite  expectations,  since  proved  to  be 
unfounded,  when  the  context,  calmly 
weighed  and  accurately  interpreted,  supplies 
no  certain  elements  for  such  startling  deduc- 
tions." 

Dr.  Milligan  expresses  surprise  that  so 
few  Enghsh  scholars  have  devoted  their 
attention  to  the  study  of  the  Epistles  to 
the  Thessalonians.  But  it  is  easy  to 
explain  this  neglect.  The  Epistles  con- 
tain two  groups  of  passages.  In  the  first 
group  there  is  no  difficulty.  The  meaning 
is  plain,  and  even  the  ordinary  person 
who  reads  the  Revised  Version  only,  and 
does  not  know  Greek,  can  scarcely  go 
wrong.  The  other  set  of  passages  are 
really  unintelligible,  some  of  them 
because  they  imply  a  knowledge  of 
special  circumstances  of  which  there  is  no 
historical  record,  and  the  others  because 
there  is  absolutely  no  clue  to  their  mean- 
ing. This  is  specially  the  case  with  the 
most  notable  of  the  group — that  referring 
to  the  man  of  lawlessness  in  the  second 
chapter  of  the  second  Epistle.  Dr.  Milli- 
gan devotes  an  appendix  to  presenting  the 
opinions  of  theologians  in  all  ages  in 
regard  to  the  perplexing  verses,  and  the 
result  visible  from  this  survey  is  that  no 
one  has  propounded  anything  in  regard 
to  the  man  of  lawlessness  that  can  com- 
mand belief,  and  that  no  one  is  a  whit 
the  wiser  in  consequence  of  any  of  the 
explanations  hazarded. 

In  other  appendixes  Dr.  Milligan  dis- 
cusses the  meanings  of  various  words 
occurring  in  the  text — ably,  but  without 
adding  much  to  our  knowledge  of  the 
meaning  of  the  Epistles.  In  one  he  treats 
of  'St.  Paul  as  a  Letter- Writer.'  He 
propounds  the  opinion  that 
"  St.  Paul  was  apparently  tho  first  to  rocog- 
nize  tho  full  possibilities  that  lay  in  a  letter  as 
a  moans  of  convoying  religious  instruction." 

It  is  more  likely  that  St.  Paul  never 
thought  of  the  possibilities  of  letter- 
writing,  but  wrote  the  letters  because  he 


had  no  other  means  of  communicating  to 
the  persons  addressed  the  instruction 
which  he  wished  to  impart  to  them.  And 
it  would  have  been  judicious  on  the  part 
of  Dr.  Milligan  if  he  had  examined 
Hercher's  '  Epistolographi  Graeci,'  before 
pronouncing  any  opinion  on  the  history 
of  letter- writing.  Dr.  MiUigan  would  have 
seen  the  statement  that  Aristotle's  letters 
in  all  probability  dealt  with  various  aspects 
of  his  philosophy ;  and  he  might  have 
come  to  similar  results  in  connexion  with 
other  philosophers  who  lived  before  the 
Christian  era.  Dr.  Milligan  abudes  to 
the  fact  that  Jewish  writers  also  employed 
letters  for  rebgious  declarations,  but  he 
does  not  lay  sufficient  stress  on  the  letters 
in  the  First  Book  of  the  Maccabees,  as 
he  would  probably  have  done  if  he  had 
consulted  Wehofer's  '  Untersuchungen  zur 
altchristbchen  Epistolographie.' 


Perdita  :  a  Romance  in  Biography.  By 
Stanley  V.  Makower.  (Hutchinson  & 
Co.) 

In  an  address  to  the  reader  (placed,  how- 
ever, at  the  end  of  the  book,  in  close 
proximity  to  a  Bibbography)  the  author 
writes  : — 

"  While  all  the  persons  named  in  '  Perdita  : 
a  Romance  in  Biography,'  existed  in  fact, 
and  while  the  greater  number  of  scenes, 
conversations,  and  incidents  in  this  book 
rest  on  historical  facts,  it  has  been  found 
expedient  to  present  the  whole  mainly  in 
the  form  of  fiction,  in  order  to  preserve 
a  larger  truth  than  could  be  conveyed  in 
a  purely  historical  narrative." 

The  experiment,  inspired  by  a  well- 
known  dictum  of  Thackeray  as  to  fiction 
carrying  "  a  greater  amount  of  truth  in 
solution  "  than  a  volume  purporting  to 
be  "  all  true,"  is  one  requiring  many 
quabties  in  the  writer  if  success  is 
to  be  ensured.  It  was  tried  with 
some  success  by  the  author  of  a  book 
called  '  A  German  Pompadour,'  upon 
which  we  commented  favourably  about 
two  years  ago  ;  and  Mr.  Makower  has 
done  still  better,  showing  equal  literary 
skill,  and  interweaving  more  of  the  bio- 
graphical element  into  the  fabric  of  his 
narrative. 

The  highly  romantic  life  of  the  woman 
who  as  Perdita  in  '  The  Winter's  Tale  ' 
attracted  the  fleeting  affections  of  George, 
Prince  of  Wales,  and  was  led  by  him 
to  renounce  a  promising  career,  has 
been  often  glanced  at  with  a  view 
to  its  central  episode,  but  seldom 
regarded  as  a  whole.  As  here  told, 
the  story  is  a  veritable  microcosm 
of  eighteenth  -  century  life,  not  only 
the  relation  of  the  first  important 
intrigue  of  a  royal  debauchee  ;  so  that 
the  mere  lover  of  scandal  will  be  com- 
pelled, whether  he  will  or  no,  to  see  things 
in  their  right  perspective.  The  true 
atmosphere  is  there,  and  the  figures  that 
move  in  it  arc  made  to  act  as  they  did  act. 
ami  speak  as  they  might  have  spoken, 
whilst     the     motives     ascribed     <<>     them 

have  at  least  an  air  of  great  plausibility. 

Mr.    Makower   seems    to    have    followed 

pretty    closely    the    outline   of   Perdita's 


316 


THE     ATIIKNJKUM 


No.  4104,  Mabch  14,  1908 


career  as  sketched,  \\  it  li  liis  characteristic 
precision,  by  the  late  Joseph  Knij_'ht  in 
the  '  Dictionary  of  National  Biography. ' 
The  author  has  naturally  filled  in  some 
parts  of  the  purely  personal  history 
(especially  the  story  of  Mary  Darby's 
marriage  with  the  adventurer  Robinson, 
and  BOOM  incidents  of  her  last  days)  with 
more  freedom  than  he  has  used  in  treating 
her  public  life.  On  the  other  hand, 
he  makes  no  mention  of  the  "  academy  " 
she  is  said  to  have  opened  in  Paris,  and, 
somewhat  strangely,  has  neglected  to 
make  any  use  of  what  one  would  have 
thought  the  piquant  material  afforded 
by  the  reception  of  Mrs.  Robinson's  play 
'  Nobody,'  in  which  Mrs.  Jordan  appeared. 
As  a  satire  on  lady  gamblers  the  piece 
was  much  resented  by  fashionable  society, 
and  was  hissed  by  great  ladies  in  person 
or  by  servants  specially  sent  for  the 
purpose.  We  do  not  know  whether  the  ex- 
actress  was  in  the  house.  The  play  was 
apparently  not  published,  and  therefore 
is  not  included  in  the  list  of  Mrs.  Robin- 
son's works  drawn  up  by  her  present 
biographer.  These  range  from  poems 
published  when  the  future  Perdita  was 
in  her  teens  to  the  '  Memoirs  '  which  she 
left  to  be  edited  by  her  daughter,  and 
which  were  re-edited  so  recently  as  1894. 
Mrs.  Robinson  was  hailed  in  her  day  as 
the  British  Sappho,  and  Burke  was  induced 
to  admit  some  of  her  lines  into  '  The 
Annual  Register '  ;  but  her  effusions 
were  distinguished  by  little  more  than 
sentimental  fluency. 

Mr.  Makower  has  probably  idealized 
his  heroine  to  some  extent,  though  he  by 
no  means  appears  in  the  light  of  her 
indiscriminating  admirer.  Indeed,  the 
general  impression  we  get  from  his  analysis 
of  her  character,  as  well  as  from  her 
actions,  is  that  she  was  more  of  a  senti- 
mental posetise,  with  an  almost  unlimited 
love  of  admiration,  than  anything  better 
or  worse — an  actress  in  real  life  no  less 
than  upon  the  boards.  When  a  girl  of 
fifteen  she  was  induced  by  her  mother 
to  make  a  loveless  marriage  ;  and  though 
she  had  no  affection  for  her  husband,  she 
shared  with  him  a  detention  of  several 
months  in  a  debtors'  prison,  and  refused 
to  retaliate  in  kind  for  his  infidelities 
towards  her.  She  is  represented  as  re- 
sisting the  overtures  of  the  "  wicked " 
Lord  Lyttelton  and  George  Robert  Fitz- 
gerald amongst  others,  and  as  untouched 
by  any  tender  feeling  for  any  one 
(unless  it  were  Sheridan,  who,  however, 
confined  the  expression  of  his  own 
admiration  to  her  theatrical  talent)  till 
the  correspondence  with  "  Florizel."  We 
cannot  say  that  we  find  the  analysis  of 
Perdita's  state  of  mind  at  this  important 
period  altogether  clear  or  convincing  : 
it  is  probable  that  both  parties  really 
imagined  themselves  to  be  in  love. 
There  can  be  little  doubt  that  the  dis- 
carded mistress  afterwards  entertained 
a  real  passion  for  Banastre  Tarleton,  the 
brilliant  cavalry  officer  of  the  American 
war.  He  may  have  for  a  time  recipro- 
cated it ;  but  he  showed  ultimately  no 
adequate  appreciation  of  the  devotion 
which  resulted  in  the  permanent  crippling 


of  a  beauty  in  the  prime  of  life.  The 
pathetic  scene  at  the  opera-house  in  which 
the  forsaken  JVrdita  is  seen  by  the  Prince 
sitting  propped  up  on  a  table,  and  after- 
wards carried  out  to  her  carriage  by 
servants  in  white  sleeves,  is  taken  from 
the  Hawkins  '  Memoirs.' 

The  spirit  in  which  the  book  is  written 
precludes  specific  references  ;  there  is  not 
a  single  foot-note  to  lighten  the  task 
of  a  would-be  investigator.  If  there  were, 
we  would  gladly  hear  something  on  the 
curious  relations  which  seem  to  have 
subsisted  for  some  time  between  Fox 
and  Mrs.  Robinson.  Walpole's  reference 
to  their  association,  and  Selwyn's  poor 
jest  about  the  Man  of  the  People  and  the 
Woman  of  the  People,  are  followed  in  the 
text  by  some  mysterious  words  in  which 
the  statesman  is  supposed  to  explain  the 
position  as  a  practical  joke  upon  the 
public,  and  some  still  more  obscure  com- 
ments. The  conclusion,  however,  is  that 
the  connexion  was  purely  platonic,  which 
seems  not  unlikely.  That  it  was  Fox 
who  obtained  Mrs.  Robinson's  pension 
for  her  is,  at  any  rate,  certain.  By  the 
by,  "  Armstead  "  is  not  accurate  as  the 
spelling  of  the  name  of  the  lady  he 
married  subsequently,  nor  "  Earl  Derby  " 
a  correct  designation  for  the  nobleman 
who  wedded  Perdita's  stage  rival. 

Another  point  on  which  we  should  like 
to  be  enlightened  is  the  miniature  sup- 
posed to  represent  Fighting  Fitzgerald. 
No  portrait  of  undoubted  authenticity  is 
known  of  the  Irish  duellist ;  and  the  face 
depicted  in  the  miniature  here  reproduced 
bears  no  particularly  strong  resemblance 
to  that  in  the  portrait  which  has  been 
held  to  represent  either  him  or  Stephen 
Kemble.  Mr.  Makower  appears  to 
have  relied  rather  too  much  upon  the 
so-called  '  Memoirs '  of  the  somewhat 
mythical  Hibernian,  who,  moreover,  we 
have  some  reason  to  think,  was  scarcely 
the  rake  he  is  here  made  to  appear.  This, 
however,  is  but  a  subsidiary  matter. 

Mrs.  Robinson  must  have  been  a  gifted 
actress.  She  was  to  have  played  Cordelia 
to  Garrick's  Lear  before  her  marriage, 
and  the  old  actor's  lessons  had  much  to 
do  with  her  triumphant  debut  as  Juliet. 
During  her  short  career  of  something  less 
than  four  years  she  showed  considerable 
range,  making  hits  in  "  breeches  parts  " 
such  as  Fidelia  as  well  as  succeeding 
in  Imogen  and  the  Lady  in  '  Comus  '  ; 
and  her  acting  seems  to  have  chiefly 
contributed  to  the  saving  from  failure 
of  Sheridan's  '  Trip  to  Scarborough.'  Cir- 
cumstances alone  prevented  her  appear- 
ance in  '  The  School  for  Scandal,'  the 
author  of  which  was  most  anxious  to 
secure  her  for  its  production.  The  author 
of  '  Perdita  '  gives  us  some  vivid  stage 
scenes,  and  also  several  demonstrations 
of  his  heroine's  abilities  in  real  life. 
Perhaps  her  most  notable  feat  was  her 
discomfiture  of  one  of  her  husband's 
creditors,  whom  she  dexterously  induced 
to  forgo  his  claim  without  compromising 
her  threatened  honour.  Her  personal 
attractions  may  be  judged  of  from  the 
canvases  of  Gainsborough,  Romney,  and 
Reynolds,    to    be   seen    in    the  Wallace 


Collection.     Reproduction!    are    included 
here  with  some  discriminating  criticism  of 

the  comparative  merita  of  the  pictures. 

There  are  several  pnnnnrcfl  of  delicate 
descriptive  writing  in  the  book,  but  they 
are  too  long  to  quote.  Among  the  best 
are  the  pages  which  present  Perdita's 
hurried  journey  to  the  coast,  which  saved 
Tarleton  from  ruin,  but  cost  his  mistress 
her  health  ;  and  those  in  which  the  in- 
valid is  depicted  sitting  in  a  German 
forest,  reading  the  account  of  Fitzgerald's 
execution,  and  lulling  her  sense  of  horror 
by  steeping  her  senses  in  the  beauties 
of  nature.  "  For  supernatural  horrors 
she  had  a  weakness,  and  would  have  found 
nothing  repulsive,  however  alarming,  in 
the  apparition  of  Fitzgerald's  ghost  in  an 
avenue  of  tapering  trees  near  which  she 
was  seated."  The  news  of  Lyttelton's 
sudden  death  and  the  ghostly  warning 
which  preceded  it  had  come  to  her  in 
different  surroundings,  and  without 
similar  palliatives.  The  contrast  between 
her  harrowed  feelings  on  this  occasion 
and  her  husband's  callousness  ("  Poor 
Lyttelton,"  said  Tom :  "  What  are 
trumps  ?  ")  is  masterly. 

Refreshingly  unhackneyed  is  the  treat- 
ment of  the  Prince's  personality.  One 
is  made  to  feel  both  the  reality  and  the 
superficiality  of  the  charm  he  exercised 
in  his  youth  ;  and  the  transition  from  the 
graceful,  accomplished,  sentimental  Prince 
Florizel  of  Kew  (he  had  "  looked  with 
tender  condescension  upon  himself  as 
the  august  patron  of  Shakespeare  who 
had  brought  the  poet  up  to  date,  as  it 
were,  in  pinning  the  diamond  buckles  of  his 
princely  invention  upon  the  feet  of  a 
living  Perdita  ")  to  the  Silenus  of  Carlton 
House,  is  admirably  touched  off. 

There  is  perceptible,  perhaps,  in  some 
parts  of  the  book,  a  tendency  to 
preciosity.  The  author  of  '  The  Dia- 
boliad '  and  '  Dr.  Syntax '  is  always 
referred  to  as  "  Coombe,"  a  misspell- 
ing probably  suggested  by  the  pro- 
nunciation of  the  name.  But  the  faults 
are  few  and  far  between,  and  the  merits 
considerable.  The  latter  far  exceed  those 
of  the  ordinary  popular  biography,  and 
the  impression  left  is  that  of  literature 
rather  than  book-making. 


A  History  of  Milan  under  the  Sforza.  By 
Cecilia  M.  Ady.  Edited  by  E.  Arm- 
strong.    (Methuen  &  Co.) 

If  the  quality  of  the  '  History '  before 
us — the  first  volume  of  a  projected  series 
on  "The  States  of  Italy  "—is  typical 
of  the  series,  the  publishers  may  rest 
assured  of  the  success  of  their  scheme. 
We  congratulate  the  young  author,  who 
has  an  hereditary  right  to  feel  herself 
at  home  in  the  field  of  Italian  history, 
on  a  solid  and  valuable  performance.  Her 
book  is  neither  a  study  nor  a  collection 
of  essays,  but,  as  far  as  the  exigencies 
of  a  limited  space  have  permitted,  a  true 
history  of  the  subject.  In  point  of  con- 
struction, narrative  skill,  and  judgment 
on  men  and  matters,  it  would  do  credit 
to  a  far  more  experienced  historian.    The 


No.  4194,  March  14,  1908 


THE    ATHEN^UM 


317 


wide  range  of  authorities  enumerated 
in  the  bibliography  has  evidently  been 
mastered  with  care  ;  the  style — not  with- 
out an  agreeable  flavour  of  irony  at  times 
—  is  clear  and  attractive. 

Ample    room    undoubtedly    exists    for 
a    history   of    Milan    under    the   Sforza. 
The  story  of  Milan  as  a  whole  is  much 
less  familiar  to  the  average  English  reader 
than   that   of  Florence   or   Venice ;    yet 
its  importance,  from  the  point  of  view 
of    the    political    student,    is    not    easily 
overrated.     Among  those  Lombard  city- 
states  which  kept  alive  the  germ  of  popu- 
lar government,    and    maintained,    even 
under  a  despotism,  the  theory  of  popular 
rights,  Milan,  by  her  geographical  position 
and    international    relations,    necessarily 
occupied    the    most    considerable    place. 
Many  of  the  problems  which  have  since 
perplexed   modern  statesmen    are   to   be 
found     complicating,    at     one     time    or 
another,  the  course  of  her  existence.     In 
her   history    may   be    studied,    as   on   a 
miniature  scale,  the  development  of  politi- 
cal phenomena  afterwards  to  be  repeated 
on   a   larger    field.     The   policy    of    the 
Trivulzi    in    1449    foreshadows    that    of 
Marat    and    Robespierre    in    1793.     The 
rise  of    the    Cabinet    system    is    to    be 
observed     two     hundred     years     before 
Charles  II.  and  the  Cabal,  in  connexion 
with    the    Government    of    Lodovico    il 
Moro.      The    difficulties    of    Imperialism 
receive  illustration  in  the  dealings  of  Milan 
with   Genoa,    Cremona,   and   other   cities 
over    which    she    exercised    a    precarious 
suzerainty  ;    and  those  who  hold  that  a 
republican  power  is  ipso  facto  precluded 
from    carrying    out    an   Imperial   policy 
with  success  may  find  some  support  for 
their  view  in  the  failure  of  the  Captains 
and    Defenders    of    Liberty    who    ruled 
in  the  name  of  the  Ambrosian  Republic 
to  uphold   the  authority   of  Milan   over 
her  subject  towns — a  failure  which  largely 
assisted  in  the  downfall  of  the  Republic 
itself. 

That  brief,  but  not  altogether  inglorious 
episode  in  Milanese  story  is  admirably 
told  by  our  author,  whose  remarkable 
gift  of  narrative  serves  her  well  in  the 
restatement  of  this  and  many  another 
tangled  tale  of  her  chosen  period.  Among 
the  kaleidoscopic  variations  of  a  time 
when  leagues  and  counter-leagues  sprang 
up  in  a  night,  and  were  dissolved  in  a  few 
weeks'  time,  only  to  reappear  in  fresh 
combinations,  Miss  Ady  moves  with 
ease,  carrying  her  reader  with  her.  Her 
analysis  of  the  motives  prompting  these 
perpetual  changes  of  position  is  sound 
and,  in  one  or  two  cases,  singularly  acute. 
The  breadth  of  view  shown  by  Miss 
Ady  in  dealing  with  the  course  of  events 
is  present  also  in  her  handling  of  character. 
For  scrupulous  fairness,  and  absence  of 
any  attempt  to  extenuate  moral  failing 
combined  with  careful  allowance  for  the 
ethical  standpoint  of  another  age,  it 
would  not  be  easy  to  improve  upon  the 
spirit  in  which  she  has  drawn  the  portraits 
of  Francesco  Sforza  and  his  sons.  Nor 
are  these  portraits  mere  cold  anatomies  ; 
on  the  contrary,  they  live  and  compel 
sympathy.     Our   author   is   equally    suc- 


cessful in  dealing  with  sitters  of  less  com- 
manding personality  :  Massimiliano  and 
Francesco  II.  are  alike  excellently  done  ; 
the  ineffectual  Bona  of  Savoy  justifies, 
in  these  pages,  the  irritation  she  produced 
in  her  contemporaries  ;  even  the  slight 
sketches  of  the  two  Borromean  arch- 
bishops are  full  of  life.  We  need  hardly 
be  surprised  that  Miss  Ady  throws  no 
fresh  light  on  Leonardo  da  Vinci ;  ordinary 
human  nature  has  probably  gone  already 
as  far  as  it  is  likely  to  go  in  its  compre- 
hension of  that  Superman.  She  has, 
at  least,  pleasantly  diversified  the  point 
of  approach  to  a  many-sided  personality. 
We  have  all  heard  a  good  deal  about 
Leonardo  the  military  engineer ;  Miss 
Ady,  while  noting,  as  in  duty  bound, 
this  aspect  of  his  manifold  activity, 
prefers  to  dwell  rather  upon  Leonardo 
the  sanitary  and  housing  reformer,  the 
town- planner,  and  designer  of  a  system 
of  traffic  which  may  be  commended  to 
the  notice  of  those  who  have  to  reconcile 
the  requirements  of  motorists  with  the 
restriction  within  bounds  of  the  highway 
rate. 

Milan  fills  a  humble  niche  in  the  temple 
of  Italian  literature — its  separate  dialect 
is  probably  in  part  responsible  for  its 
poor  literary  record — and  Miss  Ady's 
account  of  its  achievements  in  letters 
is  almost  necessarily  dull.  The  chapter 
on  architecture,  which  suffers  from  no 
similar  lack  of  interesting  material,  is 
good  ;  and  that  on  art  may  be  commended, 
though  we  demur  to  the  suggestion  that 
experiments,  as  opposed  to  commissions, 
in  art  during  the  fourteenth  and  fif- 
teenth centuries  were  possible  only  under 
princely  rule. 

The  book  has  a  good  index,  and  the 
genealogical  tables  are  adequate.  One 
serious  omission,  however,  mars  the  com- 
pleteness of  the  work  :  it  contains  no 
map  of  any  kind. 


NEW    NOVELS. 


White   Rose  of    Weary   Leaf.     By   Violet 

Hunt.  (Heinemann.) 
Amy  Steevens — "  the  Best  woman,  the 
really  newest  woman,"  as  one  of  the  other 
characters  describes  her — is  the  most 
interesting  heroine  that  Miss  Hunt  has 
yet  achieved.  That  she  is  entirely  human 
we  cannot  say  ;  but  as  the  varied  and 
not  always  pleasing  incidents  in  the  career 
of  this  waif  of  society  are  unrolled  before 
us  we  recognize  that  she  possesses  the 
qualities  of  honesty  and  courage  in  an 
unusual  degree,  and  that  they  help  to 
set  her  above  the  stale  and  squalid  atmo- 
sphere of  the  Divorce  Court  with  which 
her  surroundings  are  tainted.  Amy  is 
at  no  time  an  adventuress  in  the  ordinary 
sense  of  the  word  ;  the  necessity  for  a 
friendless  girl  to  earn  her  bread  in  what- 
ever way  presents  itself,  and  the  genuine 
passion  for  making  herself  useful  which 
is  her  dominant  characteristic,  combine 
to  place  her  in  those  ambiguous  positions 
which  Miss  Hunt  appears  to  consider 
necessary  for  her  heroines.  Amy's  story 
really  begins  when,  for  the  second  time, 


she  enters  Jeremy  Dand's  family  as  com- 
panion, a  post  from  which  she  had  been 
previously  ejected  for  interfering  with  a 
man  in  a  Parisian  hotel  who  attempted 
to  shoot  himself.  Now  there  is  a  second 
Mrs.  Dand,  and  this  pale,  clever  girl 
speedily  makes  herself  indispensable  to 
every  member  of  a  peculiarly  artificial 
household,  and  not  least  to  its  splendid, 
but  rather  uncouth  master.  The  ulti- 
mate catastrophe  is  approached  with  all 
the  skill  and  originality  of  which  Miss 
Hunt  is  mistress,  and  when  it  arrives  it  is 
remorselessly  complete.  The  story  is 
undoubtedly  clever,  chiefly  because,  while 
there  is  much  in  it  that  jars,  and  no  single 
character  that  is  essentially  attractive, 
Miss  Hunt  succeeds  in  compelling  our 
respect  and  sympathy  for  the  "White 
Rose,"  and  that  although  she  is  one  of 
those  women  "  who  live  by  their  heads, 
not  their  hearts." 


St.    David  of   the   Dust.     By   Mrs.    Fred 
Reynolds.     (Hurst  &  Blackett.) 

The  constant  use  of  the  present  participle 
in  the  speech  of  the  Welsh  villagers  of  this 
story,  instead  of  a  mere  suggestion  of  the 
peculiarity,  threatens  to  be  tiresome. 
One  is  also  a  little  afraid  that  the  "  rich 
silences  "  and  some  other  idiosyncrasies 
of  the  hero,  a  sort  of  village  "  natural," 
may  prove  monotonous.  This  is  not 
wholly  the  case.  As  the  story  unfolds 
(in  spite  of  a  certain  mistiness  in  the 
central  figure),  and  with  it  the  characters 
of  the  simple,  yetshrewd  mountain-dwellers, 
there  is  something  in  the  drama,  its 
persons  and  scenery,  that  compels  interest 
and  sympathy.  The  author  knows  how 
to  produce  the  spirit  of  lonely  places — of 
great  stretches  of  mountain,  moor,  and 
marshland,  their  animal  and  vegetable 
life,  and  the  transient  effects  of  sky  and 
weather.  These  are  the  background  to 
the  curious  figure  of  the  boy  who  springs 
as  it  were  from  the  dust.  His  father  no 
one  knows ;  his  mother  arrives  in  the 
village  on  a  night  of  storm,  equally  un- 
known, and,  dying  almost  immediately 
after  the  birth  of  her  boy,  passes  away 
without  words.  The  stranger-child — 
strange  in  every  way — is  brought  up  by 
the  good  cottagers  who  receive  her  in 
her  extremity  and  are  themselves  child- 
less. They  love  the  boy,  yet  he  remains 
always  a  creature  apart  from  them. 
With  one  other  child  only,  and  with 
Nature  in  all  her  moods,  is  he  in  full 
communion.  These  moods  he  strives  to 
interpret  by  unknown  melodies  in  liis 
wanderings.  Gradually  the  villagers 
come  to  look  on  him  as  a  being  superior 
rather  than  inferior  to  themselves.  The 
beginning — the  arrival  of  the  woman — 
and  the  end — the  discovery  of  the  father 
and  death  of  the  boy — are  in  idea  and 
incident,  if  not  precisely  in  treatment, 
melodramatic  The  rest  of  the  book — 
especially  all  that  concerns  the  boy, 
the  girl,  and  another-  is  the  reverse  of 
commonplace.  The  study  of  the  boy  is 
sometimes   too   cloudy,    too   exalted,    per- 

hapa  too  ambitious,  to  be  entirely  realized. 
The    character  and   presentment    of    the 


318 


T  II  K     AT  II  KNyEUM 


No,  4194,  Mabch  14,  l 


boy's  father  teem  to  as  out  of  focus  with 
the  i<  t  i  ommonplace  too,  where  they 
should  be  impressive;  whereas  some  of  the 
villagers  ba>ve  reality  and  vigour. 

The  Pulse  of  Life.  By  Mrs.  Belloc  Lowndes. 

(Heincmann.) 
Mrs,  I'.ki.i.oc  Lowndes  has  a  curious 
notion  of  novel- writing.  She  chooses,  say, 
six  or  eight  more  or  less  cosmopolitan 
(  haracters,  envelopes  them  in  an  atmo- 
sphere of  Roman  Catholicism,  draws  a  veil 
of  discreet  reserve  over  the  whole,  and 
bids  you  look  on  from  a  respectful  dis- 
tance. The  result  is  something  a  little 
more  and  a  little  less  than  life.  This 
book  has  dignity  and  a  certain  amount 
of  remote  interest,  but  it  is  almost  in- 
human in  its  curious  lack  of  spontaneity. 
The  scene  is  laid  in  London — an  unfamiliar 
London,  which  might  as  well  have  been 
St.  Petersburg,  for  all  the  local  colour 
it  contains.  We  are  not  much  concerned 
with  the  theme — that  of  the  hero's  love 
for  a  Spanish  dancing  girl ;  we  say 
"  theme  "  advisedly,  for  plot  there  is  none. 
As  for  the  characters  themselves,  they 
drift  through  the  story  without  greatly 
exciting  either  sympathy  or  speculation. 
It  is  as  if  the  writer  had  first  drawn  their 
outlines  from  life  ;  then,  fearing  lest  they 
should  be  recognized,  had  successfully 
blurred  the  details.  At  the  same  time 
no  one  who  was  not  cosmopolitan  in 
temperament  as  well  as  experience  could 
have  portrayed  such  diverse  personalities. 
A  little  more  humanity  would  have  made 
them  remarkable. 

Like  most  women,  the  author  is  happiest 
in  her  portraits  of  women.  The  slight 
portrait  of  the  trained  nurse,  with  her 
professional  interest,  and  real  indifference, 
is  one  of  the  best  things  in  the  book, 
which  shows  throughout  refinement  and 
distinction.  We  have  complained  of  too 
much  reserve — a  lack  of  emotional  in- 
terest. But  after  all,  the  defects  of  Mrs. 
Lowndes  are  rarer  than  most  virtues. 


The  Bed  Peril.     By   Coulson   Kernahan. 

(Hurst  &  Blackett.) 
The  beginning  of  this  book  is  thrilling. 
A  man  goes  by  night  to  view  a  house  he 
has  just  rented,  and  there,  in  the  darkness, 
overhears  three  men  discussing  a  sinister 
political  plot.  He  is  discovered,  gagged, 
and  left  to  destruction  with  a  bomb 
close  beside  him.  The  book  goes  on  to 
tell  how  he  saved  his  own  fife,  unravelled 
and  frustrated  the  plot ;  and  its  develop- 
ment is  wrought  out  with  a  great  deal  of 
spirit  and  skill.  We  follow  the  hero  on  a 
series  of  breathless  adventures  in  Germany. 
The  total  failure  of  the  intrigue  against 
England  is  calculated  to  satisfy  the  most 
patriotic  of  readers.  Mr.  Kernahan  has 
wandered  far  from  the  fields  of  his  moral 
fantasy,  but  in  this  less  distinguished  fine 
he  is  likely  to  be  successful. 


The  Path  of  Lies.     By  Alice  and  Claude 

Askew.     (F.  V.  White  &  Co.) 
In   the   sphere   of   machine-made   fiction 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Askew  hold  a  high  position  ; 
that    is    to  say,  one    goes    to   them    not 


for  characterization,  not  for  any  vrai- 
semblanoe,    and    not    for     projections    of 

humanity  in  ait,  but  frankly  and  plainly 
for  ingenious  plot.    It  is  the  task  of  the 

writers  to  elaborate  a  web  of  incident 
within  which  stock  puppets  move  with 
as  much  of  the  air  of  being  alive  as  it  is 
possible  to  contrive.  Sometimes  the 
authors'  ingenuity  makes  one  admire  ;  at 
other  times  one  only  wonders.  The  latest 
story  of  the  collaborators  is  a  very  fair 
specimen  of  their  talent.  It  is  conceived 
with  a  shrewd  dramatic  instinct,  and 
culminates  in  a  striking  melodramatic 
tragedy.  The  authors'  public  should 
appreciate  it. 

India's  Saint  and  the   Viceroy.     By  S.  S. 

Thorburn.  (Blackwood  &  Sons.) 
Satire  and  idealism  appear  side  by  side 
in  this  imperfect,  but  decidedly  interesting 
novel.  The  hero,  Cosmo  Sorel,  is  a 
millionaire  who  reforms  the  government 
of  an  important  vassal  State  in  India, 
and  ends  one  of  our  little  wars  by  the 
exercise,  at  considerable  personal  risk, 
of  the  charm  of  an  angelic  personality. 
On  one  occasion  he  produces  the  effect 
of  a  miracle  by  bidding  an  hysterical 
Pa  than  woman  arise  "  and  thank  Allah." 
His  mental  standpoint  resembles  that  of 
a  Christian  Scientist  of  an  undenomina- 
tional sort ;  and  he  is  perfectly  aware  of 
his  inability  to  cure  lepers  by  the  love 
of  God.  He  is  almost  killed  by  a  fanatic  ; 
and  the  writer  shows  that  he  has  indeed 
a  mighty  power  over  his  puppets  when 
he  restores  Sorel  to  health  in  order  to 
marry  him  to  the  Viceroy's  daughter. 
Satire  appears  in  the  sketch  of  the  self- 
satisfied  Viceroy  and  the  selection  of 
"  Topsham  "  as  a  surname  for  the  Prime 
Minister  whom  he  alternately  praises  and 
despises.  It  was  inartistic  to  make  Sorel 
suddenly  turn  into  the  real  Lord  Esk- 
more,  and  not  flattering  to  a  "  saint " 
to  make  his  renunciation  of  a  title  a 
theme  of  his  delirium. 


Beatrix  of  Clare.     By  John  Reed  Scott. 

(E.  Grant  Richards.) 
To  those  who  enjoy  a  good  historical 
romance  we  can  thoroughly  recommend 
Mr.  Scott's  new  novel.  The  period  is 
that  of  Richard  III.,  the  hero  being  one 
of  his  body  knights,  and  the  heroine  a 
beautiful  countess  in  her  own  right,  a 
lady-in-waiting  to  the  Queen.  The  author 
has  made  good  use  of  his  opportunities. 
The  story  is  pleasantly  told  in  a  straight- 
forward way,  and,  though  the  plot  is  not 
particularly  original,  the  characters  are 
well  drawn,  and  the  interest,  both  personal 
and  historical,  is  maintained.  The  four 
coloured  pictures  by  Clarence  P.  Under- 
wood are  good. 


The  Worst  Man  in  the  World.     By  Frank 

Richardson.  (Eveleigh  Nash.) 
We  have  found  one  jest  in  Mr.  Richard- 
son's book — which  consists  in  his  signing 
himself  Frank  Rothschild  out  of  compli- 
ment to  Orientals  who  "  have  changed 
their  names  from  Cohen  to  Colquhoun." 


We  do  not   hold  this  up  as  a  great  p 
of    humour,    but    it    is    the   best    we    <  an 

pick  out   of  a  remarkable  medley.    Mr. 

Richardson  has  apparently  a  mind  that 
can  think  only  in  grotesques,  and  his 
talc  La  merely  a  rambling  farce,  with  little 
coherence  and  less  form.  An  incoi 
•  punt  appendix,  equally  rambling,  is 
added  about  poetry.  It  would  be 
well  if  Mr.  Richardson  followed  the 
example  of  another  eminent  specialist, 
and  imposed  silence  on  himself  from  a 
definite  date — say  Easter — regarding  the 
appendages  of  the  human  face. 


John     Brown,     Buccaneer.      By     George 
Griffith.     (F.  V.  White  &  Co.) 

A  novelist  cannot  be  said  to  add  to  the 
joy  of  life  when  he  revives  in  romance  the 
crimes  of  the  Holy  Inquisition  and  the 
franker  devilry  of  pirates ;  but  Mr. 
Griffith,  by  merciful  economy  in  nauseous 
detail  and  by  generous  indulgence  in 
poetic  justice,  succeeds  in  interesting 
the  reader  without  haunting  him.  The 
story  opens  with  an  auto-da-fe  in  which 
the  Spanish  husband  of  an  English 
heretic  is  condemned  to  light  the  fire 
which  consumes  her  ;  and  it  opens  for 
the  second  time  with  the  marooning  of  an 
English  trader  by  the  pirate  who  has 
dishonoured  his  wife.  Vengeance  is  the 
inspiration  of  the  story,  in  which  the  love- 
interest  is  slight. 


The  Last  of  her  Bace.     By  J.  Bloundelle- 

Burton.  (John  Milne.) 
Defects  of  style  are  to  be  regretted  here, 
since  the  story  is  admirably  constructed, 
and  for  the  most  part  forcibly  set  forth. 
The  character  of  the  Spanish  lady  of 
noble  birth  is  well  imagined,  as  are  her 
relations  with  her  young  cousin  and  the 
English  officer  who  wins  her  heart.  The 
period  is  that  of  the  War  of  the  Spanish 
Succession,  but  we  see  little  of  the  leaders 
or  contending  forces. 


The   Nun.     By   Rene    Bazin.     (Eveleigh 

Nash.) 
Much  that  we  said  last  week  of  '  For 
My  Name's  Sake,'  a  novel  dealing  with 
the  suppression  of  convents  in  France, 
may  be  applied  to  this  book,  which 
is  an  English  version  of  'L'Isolee,' 
noticed  by  us  on  July  29th,  1905.  The 
subject  is  presented  from  the  sympathetic 
point  of  view,  which  implies  considerable 
bias.  Skill  is  shown  in  the  delineation 
of  the  young  devote,  and  the  tragedy 
of  a  pure  soul  dominates  the  situation 
from  the  time  of  the  closing  of  the  con- 
vent. The  book  is  excellent,  but  marred 
by  exaggeration. 

Die  Gotischen  Zimmer  :  Familienschicksale 
vom  Jahrhundertende.  Von  August 
Strindberg.  Verdeutscht  von  Emil 
Sobering.  (Munich  and  Leipsic,  Georg 
Midler.) 
Germany  has  for  some  time  shown 
its  appreciation   of  an    author   who    has 


No.  4194,  March  14,  1908 


THE    ATHENiEUM 


319 


received  but  scant  attention  in  this 
country,  and  the  present  volume  is  one 
of  a  Gesamtausgabe  "  on  which  Herr 
Schering  has  been  engaged  for  the  past 
few  years.  The  rendering  is  eminently 
satisfactory,  and  may  be  recommended 
to  English  readers  familiar  with  German, 
but  not  with  Swedish.  As  a  study  of  the 
development  of  Swedish  thought  during 
the  latter  years  of  last  century  '  Die 
Gotischen  Zimmer '  is  of  the  highest 
value  and  interest,  though  as  a  work  of 
fiction  it  may  fail  to  please.  There  is 
no  story  in  the  ordinary  sense  of  the  word  : 
certain  characters  are  presented  at  dif- 
ferent stages  of  their  life,  and  express  their 
views  upon  most  of  the  questions  that 
exercised  the  minds  of  men  in  those  years 
— women's  emancipation,  naturalism  in 
literature,  materialism  in  science,  the 
Dreyfus  case,  and  so  on.  A  good  deal 
of  the  book  is  violent  and  depressing,  and 
one  may  object  that  it  gives  a  one-sided 
representation  of  the  society  with  which 
it  deals  ;  but  the  whole  thing  is  vivid  and 
suggestive,  and  Strindberg's  originality 
of  outlook,  unsparing  observation,  and 
forcible  delineation  of  character  are  every- 
where in  evidence. 


HEBREW   AND   SYRIAC. 

Religion  and  Worship  of  the  Synagogue- 
By  the  Rev.  W.  O.  E.  Oesterley  and  the 
Rev.  G.  H.  Box.  (Pitman  &  Sons.)— The 
joint  authors  of  this  work  are  to  bo  con- 
gratulated on  having  written  a  book 
which  at  once  clearly  reveals  the  former 
gap  and  the  laudable  nature  of  the 
present  effort  to  fill  it.  That  the  gap 
was  not  generally  noticed  before  is  no 
doubt  due  to  the  fact  that  a  study  of 
Judaism  in  its  post  -  Christian  forms  of 
development  is  by  many  regarded  as  not 
sufficiently  important  to  repay  the  labour 
and  attention  which  would  have  to  be 
spent  on  it.  In  answer  to  such  a  plea  it 
may  be  safely  asserted  that  modern  Judaism 
is  in  many  aspects  so  much  like  the  Judaism 
of  the  earliest  Christian  times  that  a  proper 
understanding  of  it  is  well  calculated  to  pro- 
mote a  fuller  appreciation  of  the  origins 
of  Christianity  itself.  Another  kind  of 
interest  to  be  derived  from  a  close  study 
of  modern  Jewish  religious  customs,  and 
one  which  is  well  brought  out  in  the  last 
chapter  of  the  present  work,  is  of  a  purely 
archaeological  character.  As  the  authors 
rightly  say,  we  have  in  several  of  those 
customs  a  "  unique  example  of  a  modern 
religious  community  in  touch  with  a  remote 
antiquity."  We  are  now  accustomed  to 
compare  a  number  of  Old  Testament  ideas 
and  practices  with  certain  cognato  forms 
of  Babylonian  law  and  religion  ;  but  ono 
is  often  surprised  to  find  how,  even  in  the 
Judaism  of  to-day,  so  much  has  survived 
that  is  "  expressive  of  ideas  proper  to 
primitive  man." 

The  authors  have  approached  the  thomo  in 
a  proper  spirit  of  sympathy  and  discrimina- 
tion ;  they  havo  made  good  uso  of  tho  bost 
authorities  at  thoir  command  ;  and  thoy 
have  also  done  whatovor  was  possible  to 
gain  personal  impressions  of  several  of  the 
customs  they  describe  There  is,  how- 
ever, as  they  themselves  own,  nood 
for  readjustment  in  details  ;  and  on 
a  number  of  points  improvements  might 
easily  be  suggested.  The  omission  of 
mediaeval  Jewish  mysticism,  known  as  tho 
"  Kabbalah,"  is  a  serious  drawback,  for  tho 


effect  of  this  phase  of  thought  on  modern 
Judaism  and  several  of  its  greatest  authori- 
ties has  been  extensive. 

Sermons  in  Syntax ;  or,  Studies  in  the 
Hebrew  Text.  By  the  Rev.  John  Adams. 
(Edinburgh,  T.  &  T.  Clark.)— We  cordially 
recommend  the  careful  perusal  of  this  book 
to  all  who  desire  to  gain  a  clear  insight 
into  the  varied  and  often  picturesque 
use  of  verbal  forms  in  Hebrew,  and  to 
employ  the  knowledge  thus  obtained  for 
homiletical  purposes.  Mr.  Adams  uses  the 
best  authorities  to  good  advantage,  and, 
better  still,  he  makes  a  real  and  successful 
effort  to  appreciate  the  niceties  and 
dramatic  effect  of  the  Hebrew  phrases  them- 
selves. With  these  qualifications  he  com- 
bines a  vivid  and  pleasant  style  and  (to 
use  his  own  phrase,  though  not  by  him 
applied  to  himself)  "  the  graphic  touch  of 
happy  abandon  which  is  not  always  found 
within  the  trammels  of  grammatical 
treatises."  We  have,  in  fact,  rarely  seen  a 
book  which,  under  a  title  apparently  stiff 
and  uninviting,  provides  valuable  instruction 
in  so  attractive  a  manner.  The  first  chapter 
treats  of  the  value  of  Hebrew  study  ;  the 
second  gives  a  brief  account  of  Hebrew 
grammarians,  Jewish  and  Christian  ;  and 
the  remaining  twelve  deal  with  the 
Hebrew  tenses  in  all  their  forms  and 
moods,  Hebrew  syntax  being  virtually 
identical  with  a  close  study  of  the  various 
forms  of  the  verb  as  employed  in  a  sequence 
of  sentences.  It  is  in  the  elucidation  of  the 
special  texts  introduced  to  illustrate  the 
grammatical  propositions  that  the  ex- 
pository and  homiletical  element  of  the 
treatise  appears. 

The  Religion  of  the  Post-Exilic  Prophets. 
By  W.  H.  Bennett.  (Same  publishers.) 
— Prof.  Bennett's  new  book  is  the  first 
of  a  series  of  volumes  on  the  "  Literature 
and  Religion  of  Israel  "  to  be  published  under 
the  general  editorship  of  Dr.  James  Hastings, 
who  on  his  part  ascribes  "  the  conception  of 
the  series,  the  arrangement  of  the  literature 
into  groups,  and  much  else  "  to  Prof.  James 
Skinner.  The  entire  number  of  volumes  is  to 
be  ten,  ranging  from  '  Foundations,'  by  Prof. 
Morris  Jastrow,  of  the  University  of  Penn- 
sylvania, to  '  Apocalyptic  Literature,'  by 
Prof.  R.  H.  Charles,  of  Oxford.  The  general 
plan  of  the  series 

"  is  to  describe  briefly  the  literature  itself  and  its 
authorship,  and  to  bring  out  more  fully  the 
character  of  the  ideas  contained  in  it,  and  show 
their  place  in  the  development  of  religion." 
In  the  exemplification  of  this  plan  as  worked 
out  by  Prof.  Bennett,  the  prophets  (Ezekiel, 
tho  later  Isaiah,  Haggai,  Zechariah,  &c.) 
are  first  treated  individually,  in  chrono- 
logical order  ;  and  in  the  second  part  of  the 
work  the  general  teaching  of  the  litera- 
ture described  "  is  expounded  in  relation  to 
the  main  subjects  of  Dogmatics."  Prof. 
Bennett's  powers  of  teaching  are  so  widely 
recognized  that  not  much  eulogy  is  re- 
quired here.  Ho  is  persuasive,  candid, 
critical,  and  withal  never  over -venturesome. 
Ho  moves  along  the  main  line  of  the  most 
recent  cautious  scholarly  investigation,  but 
at  the  same  time  has  special  views  of 
his  own  on  certain  matters.  He  thus  fully 
carries  out  the  general  editor's  intention  that 
each  writer  should,  whilst  working  in  sym- 
pathy with  tho  general  plan,  "  endeavour  to 
make  his  book  a  fresh  and  independent 
contribution  to  tho  knowledge  of  its  subject." 
We  think,  however,  that  on  some  points 
Prof.  Bonnott  might  havo  practised  self- 
restraint  to  some  advantage  Tho  com- 
parison, for  instance,  between  the  English 
Protestant,  who  may  attend  the  worship  of 
the  Established  Church  in  the  morning  and 
that  of  tho  Baptists  in  tho  evening,  and  somo 


of  the  ancient  Israelites,  who  may  not  have 
considered  attendance  at  Solomon's  Temple 
incompatible  with  occasional  visits  to  the 
shrines  of  Baal  and  other  heathen  deities, 
seems  a  little  harsh,  and  not  essentially  true. 
But  the  volume  contains  so  much  that  is 
illuminating  that  little  blemishes  of  this  kind 
may  be  readily  condoned. 

Inscriptions  semitiques  de  la  Syrie,  de  la 
Mesopotamia  et  de  la  Region  de  Mossoul. 
Par  H.  Pognon.  Part  I.  (Paris,  Imprimerie 
Nationale.) — The  inscriptions  now  for  the 
first  time  published  were  copied  by 
M.  Pognon  during  the  frequent  travels  he 
had  to  undertake  in  his  capacity  as  French 
consul  at  Bagdad  and  Aleppo.  There  is, 
indeed,  much  need  for  collecting  all  the 
available  similar  records  of  those  parts 
without  unnecessary  delay  ;  for — as  M. 
Pognon  points  out—the  Arab  and  Kurd 
peasants  are  in  the  habit  of  breaking  into 
fragments  the  ancient  and  mediaeval  monu- 
ments they  discover,  in  the  hope  of  obtain- 
ing the  treasures  to  which,  in  their  belief, 
the  inscriptions  point.  The  most  important 
find  made  public  in  this  part  of  M.  Pognon' s 
work  is  the  Babylonian  inscription  of  Eski- 
Harran  with  which  the  publication  opens. 
The  record  is  unfortunately  mutilated,  and 
there  is  room  for  various  interpretations 
of  the  statements  therein  made ;  but  it 
seems  clear  that  a  Nabonidus,  son  of  the 
Babylonian  king  of  the  same  name  who  was 
overthrown  by  Cyrus,  played  some  part  in 
the  history  of  Babylon  about  537  B.C.  As 
the  inscription  emanated  from  a  high-priest 
of  Sin  at  Harran,  we  should  have  supposed 
it  to  have  been  deposited  in  or  near  the 
temple  of  the  god  ;  and  M.  Pognon  has,  in 
consequence  of  this  consideration  and  of 
other  data,  arrived  at  the  conclusion  that  the 
original  site  of  the  temple  and  city  was  not 
the  spot  occupied  by  the  town  which  the 
Greeks  called  Xappai,  and  the  Syrians  and 
Arabs  Harran,  but  lay  near  the  modern 
village  of  Eski-Harran,  which  is  about 
a  march  of  an  hour  and  a  half  from  the  ruins 
known  by  the  name  of  Harran.  Tho 
remaining  fifty-three  inscriptions  are  nearly 
all  in  Syriac,  only  a  few  being  in  Hebrew. 
The  dates  range  from  (probably)  the  first 
century  of  our  era  down  to  the  sixteenth,  but 
the  subject-matter  is  for  the  most  part  of 
only  secondary  importance.  The  editor's  re- 
marks and  investigations  are  throughout 
learned  and  thorough,  and  the  complete 
series  of  facsimiles  at  tho  end  will  bo  found 
very  useful  from  a  palfrographical  point  of 


view. 


ESSAYS. 
The  Comments  of  Bagshot.  Edited  by 
J.  A.  Spender.  (Constable  &  Co.)— Wo 
suspect  that  if  Mr.  Bagshot  had  been  an 
Athenian,  ho  would  havo  run  great  risk 
of  sharing  tho  fate  of  Aristidcs.  He  is 
always  so  eminently  sane  and  correct  in  bis 
judgments  that  it  is  hopeless  to  try  to  argue 
against  him,  while  all  the  tinio  ono  is  con- 
scious of  some  subtle  danger  to  tho  republic 
in  his  views,  or  rather,  his  point  of  view. 
We  can  hardly  believe  that  Aristides  was 
pmIimI  by  tho  Athenians  simply  beoau  a 
ho  was  just  ;  it  was  rather  bemuse  his  sense 
of  justice  was  of  such  a  static  character 
that  no  conceivable  mode  of  action  would 
havo  recommended  itself  to  his  subtly 
impartial     mind.      However,     that    is    mero 

peculation.    What    is    evident    from    this 

book  is  that  Bagshot  would  kill  not  only 
all  controversy,  but  also  all  action  if  ho 
were  listened  to  attentively.  Well-bred, 
well  fed.  in  a  comfortable  Government  post, 

with  no  anxiety  for  the  future,  unencum- 
bered with  a  wife,  but  Supported,  ono  may 
believe,  by  the  ■anlJniental  reflection  of  an 


T  II  K     A  Til  KNJEUM 


No.  1194,  ttABCB  H,  1908 


ui.lurtnn.tt..    I.»\ .-  iittuir    in    the    past,    !"•    bM 
no  responsibilities  in  life  worthy  of  the  nam.., 

and  thoroforo  is  iwepyed  win  hia  eupeptic 

iiixf    ..piu'raminatic    c-rit lcisins    on     nun     and 

wmmm  who  b«p»  endi  reaponeibilitioa 
Booh  ni.'ii  doubtless  have  their  uses  in  a 
community  :  they  do  their  duty  con- 
.-.  nntioiislv  as  long  as  the  work  is  not  too 
unaccustomed,  and  suggest  difficulties  which 
are  iv  valuable  tost  of  new  ideas  ;  bat  in  a 
crisis  calling  for  swift  determinations  and 
vigorous  action,  they  would  collapse.  But 
though  the  use  of  a  few  such  may  bo 
admitted*  their  multiplication  would  be 
ruinous  to  a  State.  Nothing  is  done  by 
the  man  afraid  of  making  a  mistake,  and 
Bagshot  is  obviously  one  of  those  whose 
moderation  makes  them  much  more  afraid 
of  being  thought  fools  than  inclined  to 
heroic  action.  The  fact  that  we  have 
treated  Bagshot  so  seriously  shows  that  we 
regard  the  work  which  bears  his  name  as  of 
exceptional  ability. 

On    Nothinq   and   Kindred   Subjects.     By 
H.  Bolloc.     (Methuen  &  Co.)— It  is  doubtful 
if  Mr.  Belloc  has  the  requisite  lightness  of 
touch     to     write     entertainingly     about     a 
broomstick.     His  sphere  lies,   we  feel   con- 
vinced,   in    more    ponderous    subjects  —  let 
us  say  history.     These  papers  are   garnered 
from     journalistic     contributions,     and      in 
collocation   in    a    volume    they   are  apt  to 
pall.     Mr.  Belloc  has  a  fantastic  mind,  and 
a  vein  of  satire,  but  he  is  lacking  in  a  ripe 
sense  of  humour.     There  is  something  rather 
pretentious  and  artificial  in  his  gambolling, 
tor  which  we  are  prepared  by  the  tone  of  his 
Dedication    penned    in    emulation    of    the 
writers  of  an  older  world.     Mr.  Belloc' s  type 
of  humour  is  well  represented  therein  ;    it  is 
a    rather    stilted    and    intellectual    form    of 
facetiousness.     One  imagines   from   several 
of     his     papers     here     that     he     considers 
himself  an  adept  in  life  :    nihil  humnni,  as 
he  might  observe.     But  it  is  from  an  odd 
and   somewhat  confined  point  of  view  that 
he  surveys  life.     We  think  he  takes  himself 
too  seriously,  which  is  one  of  the  reasons 
why  he  is   out  of  place  in   this  region  of 
elegant  trifling.     He  has  the  pose  of  a  sort 
of  melancholy  Jaques,  a  cynic  philosopher 
girding  at  things.     But  his  methods  are  not 
likely  to  be  popular,  being  too  often  elusive 
and  abstruse.     He  will  never  have  the  vogue 
of  an  agreeable  rattle.    There  are  suggestions 
in    these    writings    which    convey    hints    of 
esoteric    meanings,    and    are    likely    to    be 
obscure     to     the     ordinary      reader.       The 
book   has   the  air   of  being  designed   for   a 
small   circle  of   the  elect.     It  is,   however, 
the  work  of  a  clever  man. 

The  Happy  Moralist.  By  Hubert  Bland. 
(Werner  Laurie.) — We  do  not  know  if 
Mr.  Bland  has  ever  attempted  a  novel, 
but  certain  talents  of  his  suggest  that  he 
might  find  some  form  of  fiction  adapted 
to  his  pen.  His  work  is  characterized  by 
a  lightness  and  a  certainty  of  aim  which 
mako  it  invariably  pleasant  reading,  even 
when  it  is  most  frivolous.  It  is  not  gene- 
rally frivolous,  for  the  author  has  an  intention 
and  a  philosophy  of  life  which  are  frankly 
serious.  But  Fabius  won  his  victories  by 
waiting,  and  it  is  well  to  know  how  to  bo 
flippant  on  occasion  in  a  campaign  which 
is  earnest.  Mr.  Bland  is  a  cynic,  but  we 
fancy  he  would  claim  to  be  regarded  as  an 
optimistic  cynic.  Abovo  all,  lie  is  the 
spirit  of  common  sense.  He  does  not  expect 
too  much  of  poor  humanity,  and  he  is 
sorry  for  it.  He  would  like  to  expose 
its  follies  and  point  out  its  weaknesses, 
but  with  no  other  feeling  than  that  of 
extreme  amiability.  He  is  a  very  tolerant 
man  of  the  world,  and,  as  a  man  of  the 
world  should,  avoids  anything  but  glimpses 


at    the  foundations  of  life.      But  this   happy 
moralist  is  a  shrewd  critic.    He  differentiates 
Mr.  Bernard  Shaw  from  Ihson  thus: — 
"Nhh  [bsen'i  people  do  tilings,  naooDTentiaaal 

tilings,  thing*  which  society  holds  to  he  immoral 
even,  end  to  the  doing  of  whioh  it  attaches  social 
penalties.  Mr.  Shaw's  people  talk  al>out  them — 
and  stop  short  at  talking." 

The  Excursions  of  Henry  Pringlc  1'rire. 
By  a  Hacholor  of  Letters.  (C.  W.  Daniel.) 
— The  '  Excursions '  are  descriptive  of 
various  countries  visited  by  Dr.  Pringlo 
Price.  The  feature  of  oach  is  that  some 
characteristic  of  modern  civilization  is 
there  carried  to  such  an  extreme  as  to 
dominate  the  whole  life  of  the  community. 
For  instance,  in  Elwego  everything  is  a 
matter  of  business  and  reduced  to  system  ; 
the  inhabitants  of  San  Potanok  are  slaves  of 
a  formal  religion  and  a  pharisaical  morality  ; 
athleticism  is  the  sole  interest  at  Gopolis  ; 
theoretical  science  and  pure  mathematics 
are  the  only  standards  of  value  at  Extown  ; 
while  the  neighbouring  city  of  Carosia  is 
given  up  to  the  journalist  and  the  critic. 
All  are  alike  in  this  :  that  the  substance  is 
sacrificed  to  the  form,  the  real  lost  in  the 
pursuit  of  the  appearance. 

Such  a  book  might  amuse  by  its  extra- 
vagance or  sting  by  the  poignancy  of  its 
satire  ;  but  if  the  '  Excursions  '  are  intended 
to  do  either,  they  fail,  because  two  elements 
are  lacking  :  there  is  no  human  nature,  and 
no  contrast  between  capabilities  and  per- 
formance. The  enthusiasm  of  a  crowd  at 
a  football  match,  the  pedantry  of  science, 
the  formalism  or  bigotry  of  priesthood, 
afford  opportunities  for  humour  or  satire 
just  because  the  actors  are  human  and  their 
vagaries  in  vivid  contrast  with  the  virtues 
they  suggest.  In  the  '  Excursions '  exag- 
geration has  robbed  the  people  of  the 
semblance  of  humanity  ;  they  are  machines, 
and  machines  which  consistently  fulfil  all  the 
functions  of  which  they  appear  to  be 
capable.  Even  the  narrator  is  a  colourless 
person,  seldom  out  of  sympathy  with  his 
surroundings.  As  a  result,  neither  the 
pleasant  directness  of  style  nor  the  occa- 
sional telling  hits  can  make  the  book 
attractive. 


BOOKS    ON    SOCIALISM. 

A  great  number  of  works  are  appearing 
in  connexion  with  present  attacks  on 
Socialism,  and  after  dealing  with  those  by 
Mr.  Mallock  and  Mr.  Arnold-Forster,  so 
far  as  they  were  suitable  for  treatment  in 
our  pages,  we  find  it  unnecessary  to  notice 
others  at  length.  Messrs.  Archibald  Con- 
stable &  Co.  publish  a  well-written  volume 
on  the  subject  by  Mr.  H.  G.  Wells,  entitled 
New  Worlds  for  Old.  His  '  Introductory 
Remarks  '  are  composed  of  three  quotations, 
including  one  from  the  Duke  of  Rutland  (in 
language  of  the  most  extraordinary  violence) 
on  the  one  side,  and  one  by  Lord  Milner 
(at  least  an  equally  conspicuous  Unionist 
politician),  almost  as  strong  upon  the  other. 
Lord  Milner  is  evidently  prepared  to  attack 
what  the  Duke  of  Rutland  believes  to  be 
"  Socialism,"  but  the  former  sanely  judges 
that  the  Socialism  of  practical  politics  is 
of  the  kind  which  Mr.  Wells  here  defends, 
and  of  a  large  part  of  which  Lord  Milner 
approves.  We  highly  commend  the  defence 
of  moderate  non-revolutionary  "  Socialism  " 
contained  in  the  first  and  several  of  the  other 
chapters  of  Mr.  Wells  ;  but  his  argument 
is  open  to  the  usual  question,  "  What,  then, 
do  you  mean  by  '  Socialism  '  ?  "  Much  that 
Mr.  Wells  includes  is  accepted  by  all  parties 
in  the  State.  The  result  of  that  acceptance 
is  that,  as  Mr.  Wells  declares  (although  in 
terms  too  wide),  "  the  world  is  now  a  better 
place  for  a  common  man  than  it  ever  was 


before,  tho  spectacle  wider ...  .and  more 
charged  with  hopo  and  promise."  Ho 
admits  "tin-  Congo"  as  an  exception; 
but  tho  fact  is  that  there  is  much  deduction 
to  be  made  from  tho  optimism  of  Mr. 
Wells,  whether  India,  China,  or  Africa  as  a 
whole,  is  viewed  as  a  portion  of  "  the  spec- 
tacle "  presented  by  "the  world."  The 
main  objection  that  may  be  taken  to  the 
work  of  Mr.  Wells  is  that  we  took  to  tho 
last  collection  of  the  essays  of  M.  Jam 
namely,  that  the  title  of  the  best  of  those 
essays  applies  to  the  picture  that  Mr. 
Wells  and  M.  Jaures  paint — '  Moonlight.' 

Mr.  Fisher  Unwin  publishes  The  Socialist 
Movement   in    England,    by   Mr.    Brougham 
Villiers.     His   book   is   more   historical   and 
less  idealistic  than  that  of  Mr.  Wells  ;    and 
a  good  deal  of  question  may  be  raised  about 
his     history.     Mr.     Villiers     hardly     knows 
the    story    of    the    "  Victorian    Socialism " 
which  he  describes.     He  declares  that  there 
is  "  a  complete  break  in  time  between.  .  .  . 
the  Socialism  of  Kingsley  and  Maurice  and 
that  of  the  Guild  of  St.  Matthew."     It  is 
true  that  the  Christian  Social  organizations 
have  in  no  case  lasted  long  ;    but  it  is  not 
true    that    they    have     not   shown,    among 
them,  a  perfect  continuity.     Two  successive 
Bishops   of  Durham,   for   example,   neither 
of  them  named  by  Mr.    Villiers,   kept  the 
torch  of  Christian  Socialism  burning  in  the 
Anglican    Church.     F.    Denison   Maurice  is 
named,  but  Denison,  who  sat  in  tho  House 
of     Commons,     as     a     Christian     Socialist, 
during  the  Speakership  of  his  Tory  uncle, 
is    not    mentioned,     although    there    exist 
biographies  of  Denison  in  which  his  Christian 
Socialism  is  brought  out.     So,   too,   of  the 
Socialism  of  the  workman  :     Odger  is  not 
named.     Again,  the  latest  years  of  J.  S.  Mill 
are  entirely  forgotten,  although  tho  present 
land    movement    owes    its    birth    to    Mill's 
efforts  in   1870  ;    while  Mill's  conversion  to 
free  schools,  and  opposition  to  Prof.  Fawcett's 
hostile  attitude,  formed  the  essential  factor 
in  the  ultimate  adoption  of  the  free  school 
policy.     The    founding    of    "  The    Interna- 
tional "    in    London,    at    a  Conference    in 
which    many    of    the    English    trade-union 
leaders  took  the  most  active  part,  is  not, 
we  think,  even  mentioned  in  the  pages  of 
Mr.    Villiers  ;     and    none    of    the    founders 
is  named  in  tho  Index.     "  Conscious  Social- 
ism in   the  Eighties  "  should  be  referred  to 
the  Sixties,   when   Odger's   efforts  attained 
a  popular  recognition  greater  than  that  of 
any    similar    leader    of    the    Eighties.     We 
have    ventured    to    make    these    criticisms 
of  a  book  which  otherwise  forms  a  sound 
and    useful    introduction    to    a    history    of 
Socialism  as  it  has  existed  in  Great  Britain 
during  the  last  few  years. 


OUR    LIBRARY   TABLE. 

Towards  the  end  of  1906  Sir  Alfred 
Jones,  who  is  well  known  in  connexion 
with  numerous  financial  or  commer- 
cial ventures  in  West  Africa  or  the 
West  Indies,  invited  a  large  party  to 
go  out  to  Jamaica  in  the  steamship  Port 
Kingston,  apparently  with  the  view  of 
bringing  public  opinion  to  bear  on  the 
development  of  the  trade  of  the  island. 
Among  the  guests  was  Mr.  W.  Ralph  Hall 
Caine,  in  the  capacity  of  journalist,  with, 
as  he  is  careful  to  tell  us,  the  task  of 
communicating  his  impressions  "of  b 
beautiful  tropical  garden,  with  especial 
reference  to  the  growth  of  cotton  on  a  wide 
commercial  basis,  to  a  sjmdicate  of  news- 
papers, through  the  agency  of  my  friend, 
Mr.  Arthur  Spurgeon." 

It  is  not  clearly  stated  that  Mr.  Caine's 
letters  as  "  Our  Special  Correspondent " 
are  now  republished  in   The   Cruise  of  the 


No.  4194,  March  14,  1908 


THE    ATHENAEUM 


321 


Port  Kingston  (Collier  &  Co.),  but  in- 
ternal evidence  shows  that  they  are ;  or,  if  not, 
that  they  form  the  basis  of  the  work,  which 
throughout  bears  the  stamp  of  journalism 
not  always  of  the  best  type.  The  author 
is  surely  catering  for  the  newspaper  reader 
when,  with  an  inadequate  endowment  of 
knowledge,  he  devotes  several  semi-jocular 
pages  to  Columbus  and  his  discovery  of 
Jamaica,  with  "  no  notion  at  all  of  benefiting 
us  " — the  English — but,  on  the  contrary, 
with  "  gold  and  gold-mines  in  his  thoughts"  ; 
when  Penn  and  Vonables,  Sir  Thomas  Mody- 
ford,  Sir  Henry  Morgan,  and  others  noted 
in  the  history  of  the  island,  are  dragged  in, 
with  a  pretence  of  familiarity  that  has  not 
always  taken  the  trouble  to  spell  their 
names  right  ;  or  when  Rodney  is  described 
as  fighting  some  unknown  battle — "  one 
of  the  rakingest  sea-fights  on  record " — 
off  Martinique  on  April  19th,  1782.  It 
is  only  thus  that  we  can  explain  the 
impertinent  comments  printed  concerning 
the  men  of  the  party,  or  the  strange 
taste  which  describes  the  ladies,  by  name, 
as  "  youthful  and  beautiful,"  "  gracious 
and  handsome,"  '  cultured  and  kindly," 
"  clever  and  vivacious."  This  may  be 
spirited,  up-to-date  journalism,  but  it  is 
far  indeed  from  the  recognized  etiquette  of 
books  of  travel,  and  has  absolutely  nothing 
to  do  with  what  must  be  considered  the 
main  purpose  of  the  volume,  as  it  was  of 
the  author's  presence  on  board  the  Port 
Kingston — the  description  of  the  products 
and  commerce  of  Jamaica.  In  writing  of 
these  he  is  at  his  best,  and  in  three  interest- 
ing chapters  describes  what  he  saw  and 
was  told  of  the  cultivation  and  export  of 
bananas,  sugar,  cotton,  coffee,  and  tobacco. 
His  opinion,  necessarily  second-hand,  is 
that  there  is  a  good  opening  in  the  West 
Indies  for  young  men  with  some  capital — 
1,500/.  to  3.000Z. — "  to  embark  in  the  cultiva- 
tion of  cotton."  "  For  banana  growing 
less  is  required  ;  for  sugar,  more." 

For  the  rest,  the  book  is  largely  made  up 
of  a  discussion  of  the  social  problem  of  the 
West  Indies  and  the  commingling  of  races, 
which  is  unreservedly  condemned.  But 
whilst  we  entirely  agree  with  the  conclusions 
put  forward,  we  cannot  recognize  them  as 
the  author' 8,  or  admit  that  a  few  weeks 
spent  in  Jamaica,  at  a  time  of  the  wildest 
confusion,  can  constitute  him  an  authority 
on  the  vexed  question.  For  his  short  stay 
was  coincident  with  the  devastation  of 
Kingston  by  the  terrible  earthquake  of  Jan- 
uary last  year.  His  descriptions  of  that  are 
really  good  ;  he  describes  what  he  saw, 
or  heard  of,  at  first  hand,  from  actual  wit- 
nesses ;  and  it  is  well  that  such  an  account 
should  be  placed  on  permanent  record. 
But  he  has  done  what  he  could  to  spoil  it 
by  his  ex-cathedra  pronouncements  on  the 
relations  of  the  Governor  and  the  American 
admiral,  which  ho  does  not  seem  to  under- 
stand now  any  more  than  he  did  then. 
It  is  not  for  us  to  discuss  the  question  here  ; 
we  havo  no  intention  of  attempting  to  do 
so,  and  will  only  express  our  regret  that  Mr. 
Caine  did  not  preserve  a  similar  reticence. 
He  would  havo  shown  bettor  taste  if  he  had 
contented  himsolf  with  a  brief  statoment 
of  the  facts  so  far  as  ho  know  them,  and 
kept  his  discussion  of  the  Bluo-Book  for 
the  newspapers  for  which  he  acted. 

We  are  able  to  recommend  La  Rivalite 
anglo-rus8e  au  XIX.  Siecle  en  Asie,  by  Dr. 
Kouiro  (Paris,  Armand  Colin).  Most  of 
the  book  has  appeared  in  the  Revue  des 
Deux  Mondes,  but  some  of  tho  later  parts 
on  the  Anglo-Russian  agrooment  are  new. 
No  other  volume  with  which  we  aro  ac- 
quainted gives,  on  the  whole,  so  impartial 
an    account   of   both    British    and    Russian 


policy  in  Afghanistan,  Persia,  Arabia, 
and  Tibet.  The  author  sums  up,  in  a 
fashion  which  is  fresh  and  interesting, 
the  gains  and  losses  of  the  Anglo-Russian 
Convention  as  they  appear  to  him  when 
viewed,  first  from  the  British  side,  and  then 
from  the  Russian.  He  favours  the  policy 
of  Sir  Edward  Grey  and  the  Convention 
itself,  but  points  out  that  in  Afghanistan, 
"  frequently  admitted  by  Russia  without 
reserve  to  be  wholly  within  "  our  "  zone  of 
influence,"  we  have  "  allowed  many  restric- 
tions to  be  imposed  on  "  us.  Dr.  Rouire 
thinks  that  we  have  converted  an  allied 
into  a  neutral  State. 

Among  the  few  slight  errors  detected  in 
careful  reading  we  find  one  not  unusual 
also  in  English  writers  :  Sir  Donald  Stewart 
is  not  named  as  the  general  commanding- 
in-chief  operations  attributed  to  Lord 
Roberts.  There  are  a  few  misprints,  mostly 
obvious  and  unimportant  ;  but  some  readers 
will  be  puzzled  by  "  Gualior  "  for  Guadur. 

The  well-known  New  York  newspaper 
The  World  publishes,  under  the  title  The 
World,  its  almanac  for  1908,  with  additions 
connected  with  the  twenty-fifth  anniver- 
sary of  the  first  issue  of  the  annual  volume. 
There  are  many  items  which  differentiate 
the  book  from  similar  works  of  reference 
in  this  country.  Two  closely  printed  pages 
set  forth  the  list  of  "  American  women 
who  have  married  foreign  titles."  Several 
pages  give  "  The  American  Multi-Million- 
aires."  The  latter  list  is  far  from  complete. 
It  contains  the  moneyed  aristocracy  re- 
presented by  the  Vanderbilts,  the  Astors, 
the  Whitneys,  and  the  Lorillards,  and 
adds  the  Armours  and  a  few  other  less- 
widely  accepted  representatives  of  American 
wealth.  The  list  of  American  Societies  has 
a  certain  historical  interest.  Most  of  them 
are  modern,  and  many  of  them  of  mushroom 
growth  ;  but  the  Order  of  the  Cincinnati 
dates  from  the  Peace  of  1783,  while  the 
Society  of  Tammany  (its  democratic  rival) 
was  formed  at  the  beginning  of  the  French 
Revolution  in  1789. 

Reviewing  in  our  last  number  a  Par- 
liamentary Paper  containing  a  Report,  by 
Mr.  Lister  of  the  Paris  Embassy,  on  the 
French  Colonies,  we  noted  the  omission 
for  most  purposes  of  Algeria  and  of  such 
Protectorates  as  that  of  Tunis — commonly 
called  "  the  most  successful  of  French 
colonies."  The  French  official  Annuaire 
Statistique  which  has  since  reached  us 
devotes  one  of  its  seven  parts  to  '  Colonies 
et  Pays  de  protectorat,'  and  in  tho  tables 
thus  described,  under  the  sub-head  '  En- 
semble des  Pays  coloniaux,'  the  first  two 
and  the  principal  items  in  each  table  are 
those  which  concern  Algeria  and  Tunis. 

Histoire  de  France. — Vol.  VII.  Part  II. 
Louis  XIV.  (1643-85).  Par  Ernest  Lavisse. 
(Paris,  Hachette.) — The  now  volume  of  this 
most  important  history  deals  with  the 
relationship  between  Louis  and  the  religious, 
literary,  and  artistic  movements  of  his  time, 
and  with  the  external  politics  of  tho  period, 
during  which  he  was  tho  most  powerful 
monarch  of  Europe.  English  readers  will 
find  here  a  condensed,  but  clear  and  interest- 
ing explanation  of  the  position  of  Jansenism, 
Gallicanism,  and  Protostantism,  terminating 
with  tho  Revocation  of  the  Edict  of  Nantes. 
More  of  them,  however,  will  bo  interested 
in  the  history  and  criticism  of  the  literature 
and  art  of  the  period.  M.  Lavisse  has  some- 
thing to  say  of  all  tho  great  writers  of  the 
time,  often  original,  and  always  well  put. 
One  turns  to  his  verdict  on  Moliere:  the 
roador  is  led   "  ft  imaginor  un   Moliere  gene 

(>ar  des  riueurs,  gene  par  rEgliso,  g<  no  par 
e  Roi,  ot  qui  n'a  pas  sorti  tout  lo    poeto 


dramatique  qui  etait  en  lui."  On  the  verso 
of  Racine  he  says  : — 

"  Le  ton  est  presque  toujours  solennel.  Mais  la 
solennite  est  temperee  par  une  harmonie  continue, 
qui  est  le  propre  de  Racine.  Cette  harmonie 
dissimule  plus  d'un  vers  tres  mediocre,  et  ces 
endroits  '  froids  et  embarrasses'  qui  fachaient 
Mme.  de  Sevigne,  mais  aussi  des  beautes,  la  delica- 
tesse  de  l'expression  et  sa  hardiesse.  Elle  berce 
l'auditeur  d'une  sonorite  tres  douce  ;  la  rime  elle- 
meme  evite  de  faire  du  bruit.  Mais,  par  moments, 
un  trait  tragique  tres  bref  s'echappe  ;  l'eclair  d'un 
vers  decouvre  un  paysage  immense  ;  un  couplet 
montre  la  Grece  assemblee,  Troie  en  ruine,  la 
grandeur  de  Rome." 

He  pays  due  tribute  to  the  great  scholars 
of  the  time :  Mabillon,  Baluze,  Labbe, 
Hardouin,  Du  Cange,  Simon,  and  the 
Benedictines  of  St.  Maur.  Some  historical 
students  will  not  be  disposed  to  accept 
his  account  of  the  policy  of  the  Restoration 
of  Charles  II.,  but  as  it  agrees  with  that  of 
nearly  all  our  textbooks,  he  can  hardly  be 
blamed  for  it.  Charles  was  restored,  it  must 
be  remembered,  by  a  Puritan  and  mainly 
Presbyterian  Parliament,  as  a  Puritan  king, 
and  his  earliest  measures  were  Puritan  ; 
while  those  familiar  with  the  literature  of 
the  last  years  of  the  Commonwealth  are 
aware  that  some  of  it  was  only  equalled  in 
depravity  during  the  latest  period  of  Charles's 
reign. 

A  Short  History  of  Philosophy.  By 
A.  B.  D.  Alexander.  (Glasgow,  MacLehose 
&  Sons.) — Mr.  Alexander  has  evidently  spent 
time  and  trouble  over  this  handbook,  and 
we  doubt  not  that  it  may  prove  useful  to  a 
certain  class  of  students.  At  the  same  time 
we  disagree  altogether  with  the  writer 
when  he  affirms  that  "  the  true  introduction 
to  philosophy  is  its  history."  If  we  had  our 
way,  we  would  set  the  beginner  down  to 
one  treatise  of  one  philosopher,  say  the 
'Republic' of  Plato,  and  bid  him  seek  to  catch 
therefrom  the  true  spirit  of  speculation,  the 
impulse  "  to  follow  the  argument  whitherso- 
ever it  leads."  It  is  time  enough  at  some 
later  stage,  when  he  has  learnt  to  make  com- 
parisons for  himself  and  trace  back  trains  of 
ideas,  for  him  to  be  conducted  systematically 
through  some  museum  of  theories,  exhibited, 
as  must  always  bo  to  some  extent  the  case, 
in  almost  complete  abstraction  from  the 
live  theorizing  that  brought  them  into  being. 
As  for  Mr.  Alexander's  method  in  par- 
ticular, the  various  philosophies  he  expounds 
appear  to  us  bereft  of  life  and  actuality 
in  a  peculiar  degree.  His  is  tho  old- 
fashioned  Hegelian  notion  of  a  thought- 
evolution  proceeding  more  or  less  in  vacuo 
according  to  some  intrinsic  law  of  its  own. 
That  the  history  of  plulosophy  is  a  necessary 
logical  process,  in  which  tho  categories  of 
reason  have  successively  emerged  into  clear 
consciousness,  is  a  view  he  considers  to  be 
"  true  in  tho  main."  The  result  is,  for 
instance,  such  an  interpretation  of  the  Pre- 
Socratics  as  would  causo  specialists  grave 
dissatisfaction.  Indeed,  the  whole  treat- 
ment of  ancient  philosophies  strikes  us 
as  uncritical.  Shocking  misspellings,  such 
as  "Hyppias  Minor  "  and  "  Phacdras,"  sug- 
gest that  tho  author  may  bo  weak  in  his 
Greek.  For  the  modern  period,  however, 
Mr.  Alexander  is  more  to  bo  trustod,  and 
tho  sections  on  German  Idealism  display 
a  certain  moasuro  of  sympathetic  insight. 
The  history  of  post-Hegelian  speculation  is 
dealt  with  in  bald  and  meagre  fashion, 
perhaps  because  hi*  master's  cluos  deserted 
Mr.  Alexander  at  this  point. 

Victors' 8  Xnrspaprr  Gazetteer  for  1908 
preserves  its  character  as  a  useful  book 
of  reference  tot  the  press.    It   has  man\ 

special  font  urns.  As  showing  the  progmss 
of  motoring,  we  notice  thero  aro  now  nine 
weekly     papers    devoted     to     the    subjoct. 


322 


T  II  E     AT  II  KNiEUM 


No. 


111)1,  Makch  14, 


1008 


j  -  have  -even   weekly   paperi  to  them* 

Helves,  and  girli  two.  Electricity  has  li\e; 
golf  luus  two  ;  while  cricket  1ms  only  the 
. .,,,;,.  Looking  al  the  trade  journals,  we 
run  hurdlv  call  to  mind  a  trade  not  repre- 
sented, we  oongratulate  the  editor  upon 
tlu>  oare  \sith  which  tho  'Gazetteer'  is 
oompiled. 


FRANCIS    REGINALD    STATHAM. 

The  death  of  Mr.  Francis  Reginald 
Statham  on  tho  4th  inst.  removed  a  singu- 
larly interesting  personality  from  the  world 
of  letters.  He  was  born  in  Everton,  Liver- 
pool, on  February  6th,  1844.  In  1868  he 
published  with  Messrs.  Longman,  under 
the  pseudonym  of  Francis  Reynolds,  his 
first  book — 'Alice  Rushton,  and  other  Poems,' 
of  which  ho  committed  the  contents  to 
memory  before  ho  wroto  them  down.  His 
other  poetical  works  are  '  Glaphyra,  and 
other  Poems'  (1870),  '  Eucharis '  (1871), 
and  'Poems  and  Sonnots '  (1895).  His 
poems,  several  of  which  were  admired  by 
Matthew  Arnold,  are  graceful,  and  often 
touched  with  passion.  His  sonnet  '  Silent 
Influence  ' — naively  anecdotal,  yet  almost 
perfectly  eloquent — lias  doubtless  given 
consolation  to  many  who  labour  with 
their  thought.  He  had  a  charming  custom 
of  sending  to  his  friends  brief  lyrics  inspired 
by  occasions  supposed  to  be  joyous  to 
them. 

Mr.  Statham  was  a  sound  musician, 
and  wrote  a  large  number  of  songs.  He 
was  the  composer  of  the  inaugural  music 
for  the  Kimberley  Exhibition  which  opened 
in  September,  1892  ;  and  in  1895  he  pub- 
lished with  Messrs.  Novello  a  spirited  cantata 
on  Vasco  da  Gama.  I  was  much  impressed 
by  the  beautiful  melody  of  a  setting  by  him 
(still  in  MS.)  of  Longfellow's  '  Lighthouse.' 

He  was  the  author  of  two  published 
novels — the  clever  South-African  satire  en- 
titled 'Mr.  Magnus'  (1896)  and  'The  Fiery 
Furnace'  (1895).  In  the  latter  he  showed 
how,  by  conscientiousness  and  healthy 
combat iven ess,  a  person  may  make  a  re- 
entrance  into  good  society  without  hushing 
up  the  act  which  led  to  temporary  exclusion 
from  it. 

As  editor  of  The  Natal  Witness  and  corre- 
spondent of  The  Daily  Telegraph  and  The 
Daily  News,  he  did  much  journalistic 
work.  Curiously  enough,  of  all  he  did  he 
attached  most  importance  to  his  religious 
lectures  in  Edinburgh  in  the  early  seventies. 
These  lectures  anticipated  the  liberal  theo- 
logy of  the  Rev.  R.  J.  Campbell,  and  were 
intended  to  formulate  some  basis  of  religious 
belief  for  persons  who  had  shaken  off  ortho- 
doxy. His  literary  style  in  discourses  won 
enthusiastic  praise  from  Dr.  James  Mar- 
tineau.  W.  H.  C. 


THE     DERIVATION     OF     "LONDON." 

March  7,  1908. 

I  have  no  title  nor  pretension  to  join 
issue  with  Mr.  T.  Rice  Holmes  on  the  appa- 
rently impenetrable  enigma  of  the  derivation 
(or  derivations,  as  I  prefer  to  presuppose  of 
all  such  uncommunicative  and  irrevealable 
words)  of  "  London  "  ;  but  having  always 
taken  an  interest  in  the  question,  and  read 
all  that  has  ever  been  written  on  it,  I  feel 
constrained  to  protest,  most  respectfully, 
but  unhesitatingly,  that  nothing  the  learned 
author  of  '  Ancient  Britain  and  the  Invasions 
of  Julius  Caesar '  has  advanced  in  that 
work,  and  again  put  forward  in  The  Athenaeum 
of  to-day,  seems  sufficient  to  me,  as  an  ig- 
noramus, to  justify  the  abandonment  of 
the  tentative  hypothesis  of  the  source  of 
this   the  most   notable   of   all   unexplained 


British  plaeo-namoe  in  the  Welsh  words 
Ihjn  and  din,  or  some  older   forms  of  those 

words,  ii leaning  " water **  and  "hill"— modi- 
fied, as  1  believe,  in  their  immediate  topo- 
graphical application  by  the  name  of  tho 
Celtic  war  pod  (Poseidon- Ares)  Nud  or  Lud, 
otherwise  Nodens  or  Lodens,  a  temple  to 
whom  is  said  to  have  stood  where  St.  Paul's 
Cathedral  now  stands,  and  to  have  given 
its  enclosuro  the  hieronym,  as  rondored  by 
Geoffrey  of  Monmouth,  of  Cair  Lud,  the 
"  Lud's  town,"  and  "proud  London"  of 
Shakespeare. 

If  "London"  was  derived  from  any 
personal  name,  Londinos,  Londa,  &c, 
surely  it  would  still  have  been  found, 
changed  or  unchanged,  as  a  British  family 
name ;  whereas  the  British  surnames  of 
London,  Londoner,  Londonish,  &c,  are 
every  one  of  them  directly  derived  from 
London — the  city  on  the  hill,  lying  beside 
the  river  Thames,  between  "  the  Hounds- 
ditch  "  and  the  brook  or  ditch  of  tho  Fleet, 
and  the  fens  and  moorland  north  of  the 
Thames. 

The  Roman  transliteration  of  tho  con- 
temporary British  name  of  London  is  un- 
questionably correct.  But  it  is  evident 
from  the  writings  of  Xenophon  and  Am- 
mianus  Marcellinus  that  the  Greeks  and 
Romans  of  their  respective  heydeys  lived 
among  the  Persians,  and  Syrians,  and 
Egyptians  very  much  as  we  have  lived 
for  now  300  years  in  India  ;  and  in  Athenaeus 
alone  there  is  proof  enough  that  the  Greeks, 
and  in  Pliny  the  Romans  also,  had  already 
begun  to  Hobson-Jobsonize,  as  we  have 
always  done,  the  Oriental  and  other  alien 
names  of  places,  persons,  and  things,  both 
"ad  delectionem"  and  "ad  nauseam"; 
only  they  had  no  Sir  Henry  Yule  to  collect 
all  these  etymological  freaks  into  a  compre- 
hensive and  systematic  '  Glossary.'  But 
as  regards  London,  we  know  from  Am- 
mianus  Marcellinus  that  Augusta  was  the 
name  the  Romans  gave  to  the  city  "  the 
ancients  [of  Britain]  called  Londinium "  ; 
and,  again,  that  "Londinium"  was  the 
ancient  [British]  town  posterity  has  named 
Augusta."  This  is  said  in  the  boastful 
mood  of  a  Syro-Greek  provincial  more 
imperial  in  his  pride  of  Rome  than  the 
Romans  themselves  ;  and  as  a  fact,  "  pos- 
terity" in  Britain  never  spoke  of  Augusta,  but 
ever,  and  ever  more  and  more,  of  Londinion, 
Londonia,  Londone,  and  London  ;  and  tho 
persistency  with  which  the  "  aboriginal " 
name  of  London  has  been  preserved  through 
all  British,  Roman,  Anglo-Saxon,  and 
Norman  times  down  to  this  day,  is  a  proof 
that  the  Roman  transliteration  of  it  was 
most  closely  correct. 

This,  of  course,  weakens  the  plea  in  favour 
of  llyn  and  din  being  the  etymological 
elemonts  of  "  London."  But  how  accu- 
rately and  graphically  they  describe  the 
ancient  British  city  of  Mars  Hill  by  the 
Thames  !  and  as  we  may  still  discern  it 
through  all  the  towns  upon  towns  that  have 
crowded  about  it,  and  over  all  its  wide 
extended  suburbs.  Its  circumvallation,  be- 
ginning on  the  Thames  eastward  at  Tower 
Hill,  ran  northward,  by  Houndsditch,  from 
Aldgate  to  Bishopsgate  ;  and  thonce  skirted 
the  mixed  fenland  and  moorland,  now 
Finsbury  and  Moorfields,  westward,  past 
Moorgate,  to  the  conning  tower  or  Barbican 
that  guarded  Aldersgate  ;  whence  it  turned 
southward,  along  the  ridge  of  Ludgate, 
down  to  the  Thames  at  the  outfall  of  the 
Fleet.  In  the  midst  of  the  city  on  tho  hill 
rose  in  succession  the  reputed  temple  of 
Lodens,  tho  other  reputed  temple  of  Diana, 
and  the  old  and  new  Cathedrals  of  St.  Paul. 
It  is  an  absorbingly  picturesque  prospect, 
seen  from  the  high  tower  at  the  south-east 
corner  of  the  National  Liberal  Club  ;    and 


it  is  visually  and  accurately  fol  ussed  in  the 
doubl<      derivation     of    llyn-din     and     Cair- 

Lud.     Beyond  t lie  wall-,  westward,  yon  <  an 

still  Bee  tho  ancient  Lincoln's  Jim  J-  ields 
and  St.  ( fflee'e  Fields,  and  the  Seven  Am-, 
now  Long  Acre,  and  St.  Martin's  Fields, 
and  the  I.'  i' -i  iter  Fields  ;  and  Tothill  south- 
westward,  and,  northward,  wooded  Notting 
Hill. 

Tho  permutations  of  personal  and  place- 
names  do  not  proceed  on  any  cut-and-dried 
philological  principles.  All  kinds  of  adven- 
titious influences  determine  them,  and  par- 
ticularly folk  imagination  and  folk  tradi- 
tions. Up  to  my  thirty-sixth  year  I  lived 
half  my  life  in  the  many-languaged  city 
of  Bombay,  where  I  was  able  to  observe 
the  rise  and  fall  of  numberless  Hobson- 
Jobsonisms  that  never  became  current  in 
literature,  and  therefore  found  no  place 
in  Sir  Henry  Yule's  glorious  '  Glossary.' 
A  very  delightful  one  was  Kulunurumbd- 
tumkumid,  for  "  Colonel  the  Honourable 
[I  forget  the  "water-name"]  Campbell." 
But  more  to  the  present  point  were  the 
renderings  of  my  "  blood-name."  My 
father  had  the  hyacinthine  head  of  hair 
and  the  flowing  beard  of  Olympian  Zeus, 
and  he  was  always  named  Bal-boot  (bal- 
bhut),  "  Hairy  -  Divinity  "  — or  "  Hairy- 
Devil,"  according  to  the  emphasis  given  to 
the  second  syllable.  I  was  always  a  great 
reader  and  collector,  and  the  same  servants 
of  the  very  same  house,  and  the  same  Sepoys 
in  the  regimental  lines,  and,  in  later  life, 
the  same  clerks  in  the  public  offices,  called 
me  Bal-bood  (bala-buddlm),  or  "  Young- 
sage  " — adding  behind  my  back,  if  offended, 
an  adjective  which  gave  this  name  the 
derisive  sense  of  "  Wiseacre."  I  could  cite 
a  dozen  illustrations  of  similar  pranks  of 
Indian  servants,  and  other  dependents, 
with  European  proper  names ;  and,  of  course, 
they  "play  the  very  deuce"  with  the 
principles  of  philology.  First  these  people 
have  to  get  a  form  of  your  name  they  can 
pronounce.  Next  they  strive  to  give  it 
a  meaning,  and  this  is  decided  hy  something 
that  impresses  them  in  your  appearance, 
habits,  or  character.  If  they  can  give  it  a 
double  meaning,  expressive  at  one  breath 
of  blessing  and  cursing,  they  are  delighted. 
Finally,  through  the  meaning  or  meanings 
thus  breathed  into  your  name,  it  is  mytholo- 
gized,  and  yourself  with  it.  All  this  has 
happened,  over  and  over  again,  under  my 
own  eyes,  and  with  myself  ;  and  after  such 
experiences  I  never  on  the  first  summons, 
or  ever  absolutely,  surrender  myself  to 
purely  philological  solutions,  or,  as  here, 
insolutions,  of  such  puzzles  as  the  derivation 
of  London.  George  Berdwood. 


EDMONDO    DE    AMICIS. 

The  sudden  death  at  Bordighera  on 
Wednesday  of  Edmondo  de  Amicis,  re- 
moves from  the  ranks  of  Italian  literature 
one  of  its  most  talented,  prolific,  and  versa- 
tile authors.  With  the  exception  of  Man- 
zoni,  Edmondo  de  Amicis  was  the  most 
extensively  read  Italian  author  of  the  last 
three-quarters  of  a  century. 

Born  at  Oneglia  on  October  21st,  1846, 
and  of  a  family  which  originally  came  from 
Genoa,  De  Amicis  studied  at  Coni  in  Pied- 
mont, went  to  the  Candellero  Institute  at 
Turin,  and  later  to  the  military  school  at 
Modena,  which  he  left  in  1865.  When  the 
war  of  1866  broke  out  he  was  a  sub- 
lieutenant, and  was  present  at  the  disastrous 
battle  of  Custozza,  and  took  part  in  the 
campaign  which  followed.  After  the  war 
he  took  up  literary  work,  and  in  1867  was 
at  Florence,  editing  Italia  Militare.  It  was 
in  this  periodical  that  he  first  made  his  mark 


No.  4194,  March  14,  1908 


THE    ATHENJEUM 


323 


by  contributing  to  it  '  La  Vita  militare  : 
Bozzetti,'  published  in  book  form  in  1868. 
These  sketches  immediately  achieved  great 
success,  edition  after  edition  being  printed 
and  published  at  a  low  price.  An  illustrated 
issue,  the  work  of  a  number  of  Italian 
artists,  appeared  in  1891.  With  the  unifica- 
tion of  Italy,  De  Amicis  retired  from  the 
army,  and  devoted  himself  exclusively  to 
literary  work  and  travels.  He  visited  Spain, 
Morocco,  Holland,  London,  Paris,  Constan- 
tinople, and  South  America,  and  in  each  case 
published  a  record  of  his  observations. 
Some  of  these  records  were  first  issued 
in  unostentatious  style,  and  afterwards 
elaborated  into  imposing  volumes  with 
illustrations  by  the  best  Italian  artists  ;  in 
all  cases  they  achieved  great  popularity, 
varying  from  five  to  ten  or  more  editions. 
English  editions  have  been  published  of  the 
books  on  Constantinople,  Holland,  Morocco, 
and  Spain,  although  the  'Ricordi  di  Londra  ' 
(1877),  which  is  scarcely  more  than  a 
pamphlet,  and  quickly  ran  into  five  editions, 
has  apparently  not  yet  been  done  into 
English.  De  Amicis  was  one  of  our  special 
correspondents,  contributing  for  several 
years  an  article  on  Italian  Literature. 

His  greatest  success  was  his  '  Cuore 
Libro  per  i  Ragazzi,*  which  in  a  few  years 
ran  into  nearly  200  editions.  Of  this 
an  elaborately  illustrated  edition  was 
published  in  1892.  Another  of  his  books, 
'  II  Romanzo  d'  un  Maestro,'  first  published 
in  1892,  went  in  two  years  into  twelve 
editions,  and  has  been  translated  into 
English.  His  '  Novelle,'  first  published  in 
1872,  and  '  Pagine  Sparse,'  were  also  widely 
circulated.  But  to  enumerate  all  the  books 
by  De  Amicis  which  have  been  constantly 
reprinted  would  involve  a  bibliographical  list 
of  his  works. 

Successful  as  a  novelist,  essayist,  and 
descriptive  writer,  De  Amicis  also  ranks  as  a 
poet.  His  volume  of  poetry  published  in 
1882,  consists  almost  entirely  of  sonnets,  and 
the  series  of  '  La  Guerra  '  reveals  effectively 
the  horrors  of  war. 


LIST  OF   NEW  BOOKS. 

ENGLISH. 

Theology. 
Bain  (J.  A.),  The  Developments  of  Roman  Catholicism,  2/6. 
F(?nelon  (Archbishop),  Meditations  for  a  Month,  1/  net. 

In  Heart  and  Life  Booklets. 
Gibson  (J.  M.),  The  Inspiration  and  Authority  of  Holy 

Scripture,  2/6  net. 
Howard  (H),  The  Shepherd  Psalm,  1/net. 
Lives  of  S.  Francis  of  Assisi,  by  Brother  Thomas  of  Celano, 

5/  net.    Translated  by  A.  G.  Ferrers  Howell. 
I.uther  (M.),  Letters,  12/  net.     Selected  and  translated  by 

Margaret  A.  Currie. 
Mackay  (J.  .1.),  Recent  Letters  of  Christ,  2/6  net. 
Messianic  Hope  of  the  Samaritans,  by  Jacob,  Son  of  Aaron, 

1/.    Translated  from  the  Arabic  by  A.  B.  Kori,  edited, 

with  an  Introduction  by  W.  E.  Barton. 
Mills  (Dr.  L.  H),  A  vest  a  Eschatology  compared  with  the 

Books  of  Daniel  and  Revelations.     Supplementary  to 

the  author's  '  Zarathushtra,   Philo,  the  Achiemenids, 

and  Israel. ' 
Roberts  (.).  K),  Private  Prayers  and  Devotions,  2/6  net. 
Smith  (M.  K.),  Common-Sense  in  Religion,  2/ net. 
Some  Answered  Questions,  4/ net.    Collected  and  translated 

from    the  Persian    of    'Abdu    l-Baba,    by    Laura  C. 

Barney. 

Law. 
Lely  (J.  M.)  and  Aggs  (W.  H.),   Chitty's  Statutes,   1902-7, 

Vol.  XV.,  42/ 

Fine  Art  and  Archaeology. 
Calvert  (A.  F.),  Murillo,  1/6  net.     In  the  Laogham  Scries  of 

Art  Monographs. 
<i.  w  ),  Decorative  Heraldry.  o/net.     A  handbook  of 
artistic  treatment  of  heraldry.    Second  Edition. 
Keport  of  the   Archssologfca]   Survey    of    India, 

western    Circle,    for    the     Year    ending    31st    March, 

190! 

adio'  Year-Book  of  Decorative  Art,  1906,  5/ net. 
Temple  (A.  <}.),  Modem  Spanish  Painting,  105/  net.     A 

review  of  some  of  the  chief  painters  and  paintings  of  the 

Spanish  School  since  Goya. 
-on  (W.    C.),  Portuguese  Architecture,  25/ net.     III11-- 

trated. 

Pastry  and  Dnma, 
Doughty  (C.  M.),  Adam  Oast   forth,  4/6  net.     A  sacred 

drama  in  Hve  songs,  founded  cms.  .luda-o-Arabian  legend 

of  Adam  and  Eve. 
II  irte  (Bret),  Poems,  1/  net.     In  the  Muses'  Library, 
Lucas  (St.  J.),  New  Poems,  5/  net. 


Marks (K.  J.),  English  Pastoral  Drama,   5/ net     Extends 

from  the  Restoration  to  the  publication  of  the  '  Lyrical 

Ballads '  (1660-1798). 
Miles  (G.  H.),  Christine,  a  Troubadour's  Song  ;  The  Sleep 

of  Mary  ;  Arain,  4/6  net.— A  Review  of  Hamlet,  4/6  net. 

New  Edition. 
Montgomery  (A.  V.),  The  Rose  and  the  Fire,  7/6  net. 
Ralli  (A.),  The  Morning  of  Life,  5/  net. 
Sacred  Poets  of  the  Nineteenth  Century :   Plumptre   to 

Image,  1/6  net.     Edited  by  Alfred  H.  Miles. 
Wetherald  (E.),  The  Last  Robin  :  Lyrics  and  Sonnets. 

Music. 
Hymns  Ancient  and  Modern  for  Use  in  the  Services  of  the 

Church,  5/  net.     New  Edition,  the  tunes  transposed 

into  a  lower  key. 
Parthenia ;  or,  the  First  Music  ever  printed  for  the  Va- 
ginalis, composed  by  W.  Byrd,  J.  Bull,  and  O.  Gibbons, 

21/ 

Bibliography. 
Catalogue  of  Books  annotated  and  arranged  and  provided 

by  the  Carnegie  Library  of  Pittsburgh  for  the  Use  of 

the  First  Eight  Grades  of  the  Pittsburgh  Schools. 
Gladstone  Library,  National  Liberal  Club  :  Catalogue  of 

Books  and  Pamphlets. 
Layton's  Handy  Newspaper  List,  1908,  6d. 

Political  Economy. 
Sellers  (Edith),  Foreign  Solutions  of  Poor-Law  Problems, 

2/6  net. 

History  and  Biography. 
Dickson  Manuscripts,  Series  C,  1809-18,  Chap.  III.  (for  the 

Year  1811),  2/6.     Edited  by  Major  J.  H.  Leslie. 
Dictionary    of    National    Biography  :    Vol.    I.     Abbadie- 

Beadon,  15/  net.    New  Edition.     For  notice  of  former 

edition  see  Athcn.,  Jan.  10,  1885,  p.  43. 
Diintzer  (H.),   Life  of  Goethe,   2/6  net.     Popular  Edition. 

Translated  by  T.  W.  Lyster. 
Fishwick  (Lieut. -Col.),  The  History  of  the  Parish  of  Lytham 

in  the  County  of  Lancaster.     Vol.  LX.  of  the  Chetham 

Society's  New  Series. 
Green  (J.   R.),   A    Short  History  of  the  English  People, 

Vol.  I.,  9/6  net.     Illustrated  Edition. 
Hamel   (F.),  Famous  French  Salons,  12/6  net.     With  20 

illustrations. 
Macpherson   (H.),  A  Century  of   Political  Development, 

3/6  net. 
Memoirs  of  a  Lady  Dentist  and  her  Experiences  in  the  East, 

by  Khush-Amed,  6/ 
Osgood  (Elliott  I.),  Breaking  Down  Chinese  Walls,  3/6  net. 

From  a  doctor's  viewpoint. 
Ramsay  (Sir  J.  H.),  The  Dawn  of  the  Constitution  ;  or,  the 

Reigns  of  Henry  III.  and  Edward  I.   (1216-1307),  12/. 

With  maps  and  illustrations. 
Ranke  (L.  von),  The  History  of  the  Popes  during  the  Last 

Four  Centuries,  3  vols,  3/6  each.     Mrs.  Foster's  trans- 
lation, revised  in  accordance  with  the  latest  German 

edition  by  G.  R.  Dennis. 
Records  of  Stirring  Times,  by  the  Authoress  of  '  Old  Days 

in    Diplomacy,'    10/    net.     Based    upon     unpublished 

documents  from  1726  to  1822,  edited  by  M.iMontgomery- 

Campbell,  and  illustrated. 
Smith  (V.  A.),  The  Early  History  of  India,  from  600  B.C. 

to  the  Muhamniadan  Conquest,  including  the  Invasion 

of  Alexander  the  Great,  14/  net.     Second  Edition.    For 

former  notice  see  Athen.,  Dec.  17,  1904,  p.  834. 
Visitation  of    England  and   Wales,   Vol.  XIV.     Edited  by 

F.  A.  Crisp. 
Webb  (S.  and  B.),  English  Local  Government    from   the 

Revolution    to  the  Municipal  Corporations  Act :  The 

Manor  and  the  Borough,  2  vols,  25/  net.     For  review  of 

the  former  section  of  the  subject  see  Athen.,  Jan.   26, 

1907,  p.  95. 
Welsh  Political  and  Educational  Leaders  in  the  Victorian 

Era,  16/.    Edited   by  the   Rev.    J.   V.  Morgan,  with 

portraits. 

Spoits  and  Pastimes. 
Bums  (T.),  Scientific  Boxing  and  Self-Defence,  5/  net. 
Cameron  (L.  C.   R.),   Otters  and   Otter-Hunting,  5/  net. 

Illustrated. 

Philology. 
^Eschylus,  The  Eumenides,  10/  net.     With  an  Introduction, 

commentary,  and  translation  by  A.  W.  Verrall. 
Classical  Association,  Proceedings,  1907,  Vol.  V.,  2/6  net. 

With  rules  and  list  of  members. 
Drake  (A.   E.),    Discoveries  in    Hebrew,    Gaelic,  Gothic, 

Anglo-Saxon,     Latin,    Basque,     and    other    Caucasic 

Languages,  25/ net.     Aims  at  showing  the  fundamental 

kinship  of  the  Aryan  tongues  and  of  Basque,  with  the 

Semitic  tongues. 
Pitman's  International  Mercantile  Letters  :  English-French, 

2/6. 

School-Books. 
Bell's  English  Texts  for  Secondary  Schools  :  Reade's  The 

Cloister  and  the  Hearth,  edited  by  the  Rev.  A.  E.  Hall  ; 

Scott's    A    Legend    of     Montrose,    edited     by    F.    C. 

Luckhurst,  1/  each. 
Bennett  (A.  M.),  Play-Drill,  1/6.    A  series  of  physical  move- 
ments for  young  children,  words  and  music  by  Alice 

L.  A.  Hands,  illustrated. 
Conington  (J.),  The  .Eneid  of  Virgil  translated  into  English 

Verse,  2/6  net.     New  Edition. 
Jaccard  (C.   A.),  Key  to   Exercises  in  Seipmann's  Primary 

French  Course,  Part  II.,  ■'•!(<  net. 
More's  Utopia,  translated  by  R.  Robinson,  2/8  net.     Edited 

1>>   David  Salmon,  with  Introduction,  notes,  examina- 
tion questions,  and  index. 
Readings    in     English     History    from     Original     Sources, 

Hook   111.,  2/8.     Edited   by   K.   B.    Morgan  and  E.  J. 

Bailey. 
Selections  from  Dryden,  2/0.     Chosen  and  edited  by  O.  1". 

Badow. 
Stall  (Dr.   S.),   Five-Minute   Object    Sermons   to   Children, 

through  Eye-Gate  and  Bar  Gate  into  the  city  of  Child- 
Soul,  1/  net    Ne«  Edition. 
Thomas  (C.) and  Hervey(W,  A.),  A  German  Beader  and 

Theme  Hook,  1/6 

Science. 

i:  m.I  well  (X.   D.)  ami  Chapman  (.1.    E),   Diets  in  Tuber- 
culosis, (1/  net,    [n  the  Oxford  .Medical  Publications. 

Davidson  (J.  B.)and  chase  (b.  w.),  Farm  Machinery  and 

Farm  Motors,  10/  net. 


Diseases  of  the  Nervous  System,  28/  net.     Edited  by  A. 

Church. 
Garnett  (W.  H.  Stuart),  Turbines,  5/  net.    Second  Edition. 
Hook  (A.),  Humanity  and  its  Problems,  5/  net. 
Keyes  (E.  L.),  Syphilis,  21/  net.     Illustrated. 
Kolbe  (Bruno),  An  Introduction  to  Electricity,  10/6  net. 
Oliver  (T),  Diseases  of  Occupation  from  the  Legislative, 

Social,  and  Medical  Points  of  View,  10/6  net.    In  the 

New  Library  of  Medicine. 
Proceedings  of  the  United  States  National  Museum,  Re- 
prints :  North  American  Parasitic  Copepods,  by  C.  B. 

Wilson  ;  A  Review  of  the  Flatheads,  &c,  of  the  Waters 

of   Japan,   by    D.   S.   Jordan  and  R.  E.  Richardson  ; 

Infrabasals  in  Recent  Genera  of  the  Crinoid  Family 

Pentacrinitidse,  by  A.  H.  Clark  ;  New  Species  of  Flying 

Lizard,    by  L.   Stejneger ;    New    Freshwater   Bivalve 

(Corneocyclas),    by  P.   Bartsch ;    The    Crinoid  Genus 

Comatula,  Lamarck,  by  A.  H.  Clark  ;  On  some  Isopods 

of  the  Family  Dajida?,  by  Harriet  Richardson. 
Railway  Shop   up  to  Date,  12/6  net.    Compiled  by  the 

Editorial  Staff  of  '  The  Railway  Master  Mechanic' 
Rosenhain  (W.), ,  Glass  Manufacture,  6/  net    In  the  West 

minster  Series. 
Saint     Bartholomew's    Hospital    Reports,     Vol.    XLIII. 

Edited  by  H.  Morley  Fletcher  and  W.  McAdam  Eccles. 
Skinner  (F.  W.),  Types  and  Details  of  Bridge  Construction, 

Part  III.,  12/6  net. 
Spons'  Architects'  and  Builders'  Price-Book,  1908,  3/6 
Trotraan  (S.  R.),   Leather  Trades  Chemistry,  15/  net     A 

practical  manual  on  the  analysis  of  materials,  &c. 
White  (W.  F.),  A  Scrap-Book  of  Elementary  Mathematics, 

5/  net. 
Winslow  (K.),  The  Production  and  Handling  of  Clean  Milk. 

10/6  net 

Fiction. 
Brodie-Innes  (J.  W.),  Moragthe  Seal,  6/.  A  West  Highland 

Romance. 
Charlton  (R.),  The  Virgin  Widow,  6/ 
Coleridge  (Christabel),  Miss  Lucy,  6/.    A  character  study. 
Cooper(E.  H),  The  Marquis  and  Pamela,  6/ 
Crawford  (F.  Marion),  The  Primadonna,  6/.    A  sequel  to 

'Soprano.' 
Cullum  (R.),  The  Watchers  of  the  Plains,  6/.     A  love  story. 
Dickens :  Barnaby  Rudge  ;  The  Pickwick  Papers,  1/6  net 

each.    A  new  illustrated  edition. 
Donovan  (Dick),  Tangled  Destinies,  6/ 
Fairer  (R.),  The  Ways  of  Rebellion,  6/ 
Forbes  (Hon.  Mrs.  W.  R.  D.),  Leroux,  6/ 
Garviee(C),  The  Rugged  Path,  6/ 
McCarthy  (Justin  Huntly),  The  Duke's  Motto,  6/ 
Marchmont  (A.  W.),  A  Millionaire  Girl,  6/  net.    A  detective 

story. 
Meade  (L.  T),  Betty  of  the  Rectory,  6/.  With  a  frontispiece 

by  Charles  Horrell. 
Meadows  (A.  M.),  The  House  at  the  Corner,  6/ 
Moore  (F.  Frankfort),  An  Amateur  Adventuress,  6/ 
Moore  (Mary),  Mirth  in  Heaven,  6/ 
Newte  (H.  W.  C),  The  Wife,  6/.     A  story  of  smart  suburban 

and  homely  aristocratic  life.     A  version  of  a  four-act 

comedy  by  the  same  author  called  '  The  Sensation  of 

Selina.' 
Pease  (Howard),  The  Burning  Cresset,  6/.      A  story  of  the 

'  Last  Rising  of  the  North '  (1715),  with  a  frontispiece 

by  R.  Spence. 
Phillpotts  (Eden),  The  Human  Boy  Again,  6/.    Twelve  short 

sketches  of  school  life. 
Sinclair  (Upton),  The  Metropolis,  6/ 
Smedley  (Constance),  The  Daughter,  6/ 
Thurston  (K.  C),  The  Fly  on  the  Wheel,  6/ 
Tozer  (B.),  A  Daughter  of  Belial,  6/.    A  sensational  novel. 

General  Literature. 

..Esop's  Fables,  5/.  Translated  by  G.  F.  Townsend.  Illus- 
trated by  Harrison  Weir. 

Conant  (M.  P.),  The  Oriental  Tale  in  England  in  the 
Eighteenth  Century,  2  dols.  net. 

Fairlie  (J.  A.),  Essavs  in  Municipal  Administration, 
10/6  net. 

Hindustan  Review,  February,  8  annas. 

Lewis  (G.  R.),  The  Stannaries,  6/  net.  A  study  of  the 
English  tin  miners. 

Mackenzie  (V.  St.  Clair),  The  Modern  Balance  Sheet,  2/6  net. 
An  analysis  of  company  finance,  with  historical  chap- 
ters by  A.  Pulbrook. 

People's  Library  :  Jane  Austen's  Sense  and  Sensibility  ; 
Andersen's  Fain-  Tales  ;  Barnaul's  Ingoldsby  Legends  ; 
Burns's  Poems  and  Songs  ;  Fenimore  Cooper's  Deer- 
slayer ;  Dickens's  Barnaby  Budge,  and  Oliver  Twist  ; 
Dumas'sThree  Musketeers  ;  Goldsmith's  Vicarof  Wake- 
field ;  Lytton's  Last  of  the  Barons ;  Shakespeare's 
Works,  4  vols.  ;  Mrs.  Henry  Wood's  The  Channings, 
8rf.  net  each. 

Routledge's  New  Universal  Library  :  Lytton's  Rienzi  ;  The 
Tragedies  of  Sophocles,  translated  by  E.  H.  Plumptre, 
1/  net  each. 

'Shipping  World'  Year-Book,  1908,  6/  net. 

Symons  (A.),  The  Symbolist  Movement  in  Literature,  5/net 
New  Edition. 

Tozer  (B.),  The  Irony  of  Marriage.  1/ net.  With  an  Intro- 
ductory Note  by  Dr.  C.  \V.  Salecby. 

Pamphlets. 

Bigelow  (J.),  The  Panama  Canal  and  the  Daughters  of 
Danaus. 

Cloriston  (IL),  A  Chapter  from  Malorv. 

Henderson  (H.  A.),  Shall  We  tolerate  the  Jesuits?  3<7.  net. 
A  political  question,    second  Edition. 

Kennion  (Rev.  A.),  I  Do;  or,  the  Good  Confession,  Id.  A 
manual  of  continuation. 

Shelley's  View  of  Foet  ry.  A  lecture  delivered  by  Prof 
A.  C.  Bradley.  Leaflet  No.  4  of  the  English  Asso- 
ciation. 

FOB  ET  G  N. 

Theology. 

.la   t  low  (M.I,  inn..  Di.'  Religion  Uahvlonionsund  Assvriens, 

Dart  XII.,  liu.  Ml. 

La  11: 
Bartboldy  (A.    M.),   Das  Iiupeiium   des  Btchten,   6111.      A 

study  of  recent   English  la". 
Wullten  (E.),  Psychologis  des  Vorbrcchers,  2  roll  . 


324 


THE     ATHKNJEUM 


No.  4194.  Mai:<  b  14,  1908 


A  roftawfeey. 
i'.s|.,  i  in. ii.-ti  (»v),  Keci-uU  ftmtni  dm  Baa-nOah  da   la 
(i;iul<-  rotnalne:    \..i    I    Alpaa  Maritime*.  Alpai  <'••' 
tit-inn-*,  Cone,  STajbonn&I»»     One  <>f  tl>«-  Publications 
arc-healngi<iueii  In  the  Collection  de  Document*  in«:»lit s 
.-hi  I'HUtofre  tie  Prance. 
M  ril  i  n  (\  )  Rapport  mr  Im  In-  -liptiiniN  htinaedelaTunlaie 
decourertM  depute  la  Publication  dn  Supplement  dn 
(    i  i.     Vol  uV,  Part  II   "f  Noiivciu-s  Archive* dea 
Mi- -i. .ii-  -.i.iiiitiipu--  it  UtUraJrea. 
Drama. 
Lemn1tre(J.),  Theatre,  Vol  III  ,  3fr.  50. 
i.iniiiii.ii-  (K.),  Hiatolre  generate  <lu  Theatre  en  France: 
Part  in.  i.i  Oomtfdle  :  dix-*eptieme  Steele,  3fr.  60. 

1'hiUmophij. 

Brdmann  (n.),  Wlaaanachaftllche  iiypothesen  Ub,  Lalb  a. 

Seele,  4m. 
Oiran  (K.),  Job  Fits  da  .lob  :  BaaaJ  sur  le  Probleme  <lu  Mai, 

■iu. 
Mnckle  (FA  Henri  de  Saint-Simon :  Die  PeraSnlichkelt  u. 

ilir  W'erk,  Sin. 

History  and  Biography. 

Arn.-\u<l(lt.),  L'Kperierte  Louis  Philippe:  Adelaide  d'Orlcans, 

1777-1847,  5fr. 
Franklin  (A.),  La  Civilitl  :  I'&tiqaette,  la  Mode,  le  Bon  Ton 

du  troisieme  au  <lix-neuvieme  Siecle,  Vol.  II.,  5fr. 
lirandmaison    (G.    de),    L'Kspagne    et    Napoleon,    1804-9, 

7fr.  SO. 
Manfroni  (C),  Storia  dell'  Olanda,    71.  SO.     One  of  the 

Collezione  Storica  Villari. 
Revue  hi.storique,  Mars — Avril,  6fr. 
Vialay  (A.),   La  Vente  des  Biens  nationaux    pendant  la 

Revolution  frangai.se,  5fr. 

Philology. 
Howardy  (G.),   Clavis  Cuneoruni,   sive  Lexicon  Signorum 

Assyrioruin,   Linguis  Latina,    Britannica,   Germanica, 

Part  II. ,  5m. 

Fiction. 
Epinoy  (K.  d),  Amour  et  Dot,  3fr.  50. 
Maurey   (M.)   et  Jubin  (G.),  Les  Aventures  de  Monsieur 

Haps !  3fr.  50. 
Meunier-Surcouf  (Madame),  La  Maison  morte,  3fr.  50. 

Pamphlets. 
Carlyle  etleSaint-Simonisme,  Lettres.\Gustaved'Eichthal. 

Reprinted  from  the  Revue  historique. 
All    Books   received    at    the    Office    up    to    Wednesday 

Morning  will  be  included  in  this  List  unless  previously 

noted.     Publishers  are  requested  to   state  prices  when 

sending  Books. 


A  memoir  of  Field-Marshal  Sir  Henry 
Wylie  Norman  by  Sir  William  Lee- 
Warner,  K.C.S.I.,  with  two  portraits,  will 
be  published  immediately  by  Messrs. 
Smith  &  Elder.  No  one  else  who  survived 
the  siege  of  Delhi  took  part  in  so  many 
further  campaigns  and  engagements  until 
the  Mutiny  was  quelled  ;  and  Norman's 
letters  and  recollections  should  be  of  great 
value. 

A  new  novel  by  the  author  of  '  Miss 
Molly '  entitled  '  Dan  Riach,  Socialist,' 
will  be  published  by  the  same  firm 
in  the  course  of  a  few  days.  It  is 
a  story  of  English  manufacturing  life, 
turning  upon  the  situation  that  the  rich 
young  pupil  of  the  Socialist  propagandist 
ceases  to  believe  in  the  sufficiency  of  his 
teacher's  doctrines,  and,  on  succeeding 
to  his  father's  mill,  comes  into  active 
collision  with  Riach. 

Mr.  R.  C.  Lehmann's  fresh  instalment 
of  '  Memories  of  Half-a-Century '  in 
Chambers's  Journal  for  April  refers  to 
Thackeray,  and  includes  letters  by  Lord 
Houghton,  Charles  Reade,  and  James 
Payn.  Sir  Alexander  Muir  Mackenzie 
contributes  a  paper  on  '  Volunteering  in 
Perthshire  a  Hundred  Years  Ago  '  ;  Mr. 
F.  Cowley  Whitehouse,  of  Constantinople, 
relates  what  happened  during  '  A  Week 
amongst  Brigands  '  ;  and  Mr.  Byron  T. 
Prideaux  writes  on  '  Pitcairn  Island  and 
its  People.' 

Mrs.  Basil  Holmes,  the  author  of 
'  London  Burial-Grounds,'  has  written 
a  work  on  Twyford  under  the  title  '  West 
Twyford  :  Notes  on  the  History  of  the 
Parish    from     the    Time    of    Domesday 


Survey.'  It  will  give  much  Erath  infor- 
mation, derived  from  old  estate  maps, 
manorial  rolls,  and  the  study  of  place- 
names,  and  is  illustrated  by  several  rare 
reproductions  and  facsimiles  of  Twyford 
Abbey  and  other  local  buildings.  The 
work  is  to  be  published  by  Mr.  Elliot 
Stock  immediately. 

The  third  volume  of  Prof.  Oman's 
'  History  of  the  Peninsular  War '  deals 
with  the  period  from  Wellington's  arrival 
at  Badajoz  on  his  retreat  from  Talavera 
(September  3rd,  1809)  to  the  deadlock 
in  front  of  Santarem  (December,  1810), 
which  marked  the  end  of  Massena's 
offensive  campaign  in  Portugal.  The 
campaigns  of  Bussaco  and  Torres  Vedras 
are  explained  in  detail ;  and  the  volume 
includes  a  number  of  maps,  plans,  and 
illustrations. 

'  The  Story  of  the  Guides,'  by  Col. 
G.  J.  Younghusband,  which  will  be  pub- 
lished this  month  by  Messrs.  Macmillan 
&  Co.,  recounts  the  most  notable  achieve- 
ments of  the  famous  Indian  regiment 
from  its  foundation  by  Lawrrence  and 
Lumsden  in  1846  to  the  Malakand  Ex- 
pedition of  1897. 

A  volume  of  literary  and  biographical 
studies  by  Mr.  James  Baker,  with  a  wide 
range  of  subjects,  will  shortly  be  published 
by  Messrs.  Chapman  &  Hall.  It  will 
include  articles  on  '  Tom  Macaulay ' 
(with  unpublished  letters),  '  R.  D.  Black- 
more,'  '  Friedrich  von  Bodenstedt,' 
'  Heine's  Memoirs,'  '  Shakspeare's  Mind 
Scenes,'  and  '  A  Chat  with  Verestschagin.' 

To  the  April  number  of  The  Dublin 
Review  Dr.  William  Barry,  henceforth 
to  be  styled  Canon  Barry,  contributes 
an  article  on  '  Rome  and  Democracy  '  ; 
the  editor,  Mr.  Wilfrid  Ward,  will  write 
on  '  Mr.  Balfour  on  Decadence '  ;  Mr. 
Hilaire  Belloc,  M.P.,  on  '  Inflation  of 
Assessment '  ;  Mr.  W.  S.  Lilly  on  '  The 
Orthodox  Eastern  Church  '  ;  Mr.  Percy 
Fitzgerald  on  '  The  Worldly  Wisdom 
of  Thomas  a  Kempis '  ;  and  Dr.  Windle 
on  '  Stonehenge  and  the  Stars.' 

The  S.P.C.K.  are  publishing  in  May 
next  '  Scandinavian  Britain,'  by  W.  G. 
Collingwood,  with  introductory  chapter 
by  F.  York  Powell ;  '  The  Old  Testament 
in  the  Light  of  the  Historical  Records  and 
Legends  of  Assyria  and  Babylonia,'  by 
Dr.  T.  G.  Pinches,  a  third  edition,  revised 
and  enlarged ;  '  The  Epistle  to  Diog- 
netus,'  by  the  Rev.  L.  B.  Radford;  and 
'  Domesday  Book,'  by  Dr.  de  Gray  Birch, 
a  second  edition,  revised. 

The  University  of  Manchester  will 
publish  the  work  by  the  late  Prof. 
Strachan  on  mediaeval  Welsh  grammar, 
which  was  in  an  advanced  condition  at 
his  death.  The  text  will  be  revised  by 
Prof.  Kuno  Meyer,  and  a  glossary  will 
be  prepared  by  Mr.  T.  Lewis  in  consul- 
tation with  him. 

It  appears  from  a  Parliamentary  Paper 
published  last  week  that  3 1,998 J.  have 
been  paid,  and  6091.  received  by  the  State, 
on  the  official  history  of  the  South  African 
War,  before  the  completion  of  the  "  work  " 
was  "  transferred "  by  the  War  Office 
to  the  Defence  Committee. 


It  is  good  to  hear  that  Mr.  Barrie  is 
soon  to  break  his  literary  ailflOOe  with 
a  new  hook.  The  title  said  to  have  ben 
chosen,  '  Winn  Wendy  Grew  Up,'  indi- 
cates the  nature  of  Hal  contents. 

M  i .-sits.  Hutchinson  &  Co.  announce 
the  immediate  publication  of  a  new  story 
entitled  '  Neither  Storehouse  nor  Barn,' 
by  the  popular  WYl.-h  novelist  Allen 
Kaine. 

Although  the  choice  library  of  the 
late  Dr.  John  Gott,  Bishop  of  Truro, 
which  Messrs.  Sotheby,  Wilkinson  & 
Hodge  will  sell  on  Friday  and  Saturday 
next,  has  been  shorn  of  some  of  its  rarities 
(nearly  all  the  Shakspeare  Quartos,  for 
instance,  have  been  sold  privately),  there 
remains  sufficient  to  render  the  sale  one 
of  the  most  important  of  the  season.  It 
comprises  a  fine  set  of  the  four  Shakspeare 
Folios  ;  the  first  Quarto  edition  of  '  The 
Merchant  of  Venice,'  1600 ;  a  perfect 
copy  (apparently  unique)  of  '  The  Golden 
Legend,'  printed  by  Caxton  in  1483,  with 
the  '  Life  of  St.  Thomas  of  Canterbury,' 
which  is  nearly  always  missing  ;  and  a 
most  desirable  example  of  the  '  Biblia 
Pauperum,'  ante  1450,  the  first  edition, 
according  to  Heineken.  The  series  of 
early  printed  Bibles  includes  examples  of 
Coverdale's  1535  and  Cromwell's  1539. 
The  various  editions  of  the  Book  of 
Common  Prayer  and  other  rare  liturgies 
form  a  considerable  portion  of  the  second 
day's  sale. 

The  author  of  '  Leaves  from  a  Life  ' 
writes  : — 

"  While  thanking  you  sincerely  for  your 
most  kind  review  of  '  Leaves  from  a  Life,' 
may  I  point  out  three  or  four  errors  made  by 
your  reviewer  ? 

"I  state  my  father's  last  big  commission 
was  for  10,000/.,  not  that  his  picture  in  the 
Tate  Gallery  brought  him  in  that  sum.  The 
picture  was,  alas  !  never  executed,  but  the 
contract  was  signed  by  himself  and  Mr. 
Gambart,  and  was  to  bo  for  three  pictures 
called  'The  Streets  of  London,'  morning, 
evening,  and  night. 

"  The  motto  from  Shakespeare  I  copied 
from  my  edition  of  Shakespeare :  it  is  the 
one  in  3  vols,  published  in  1862  by  H. 
Staunton. 

"  Mr.  Deutsch's  name  was  Oscar  Emanuel. 
He  and  I  both  disliked  the  name  of  Emanuel, 
and  the  letters  (two)  I  still  possess  of  his  are 
signed  Oscar  Deutsch  (1868). 

"  Is  not  Alexandria  in  the  East  !  " 
We  are  sorry  to  have  misapprehended  the 
meaning  of  the  author,  whose  style  does 
not  tend  to  clearness  of  expression.  No 
text  of  authority  reads,  and  no  critic,  so  far 
as  we  are  aware,  has  conjectured,  in  the 
passage  of  '  Othello  '  cited  : — 

nothing  extenuate, 
Nor  set  aught  doicn  in  malice. 
The  words  we  italicize  should  be  trans- 
posed. The  reviewer  was  an  intimate 
friend  of  Emanuel  Deutsch,  and  "  Emanuel 
Deutsch  "  is  on  the  title-page  of  his  '  Lite- 
rary Remains,'  which  were  edited  by 
another  intimate  friend.  The  last  ques- 
tion our  readers  may  answer  as  they 
please ;  we  have  not  expressed  any 
view. 

Sir  Conan  Doyle  will  preside  at  the 
eighteenth  Readers'  Dinner,  to  be  held 
at  the  Holborn  Restaurant  on  Saturday, 


No.  4194,  March  14,  1908 


THE     ATHENJEUM 


325 


May  2nd.  Thanks  to  the  liberal  support 
received  from  all  sections  of  the  world 
of  letters,  the  Readers'  Pensions  Com- 
mittee (of  which  Lord  Glenesk  has  been 
President  from  the  beginning)  has  been 
enabled  to  found  four  pensions,  at  a  cost 
of  just  over  two  thousand  pounds  ;  and 
the  donations  at  the  forthcoming  dinner 
will  be  devoted  to  establishing  a  fifth. 

Mr.  Alfred  Austin's  new  volume, 
'  Sacred  and  Profane  Love,  and  other 
Poems,'  will  be  published  by  Messrs. 
Macmillan  &  Co.  immediately  after  Easter. 

The  death  was  announced  on  Tuesday 
last  of  Mr.  Charles  Henderson  Scott,  who 
was  for  more  than  fifty  years  connected 
with  The  Morning  Post.  Mr.  Scott  took 
a  leading  part  in  establishing  the  News- 
paper Press  Fund,  and  had  been  from  the 
first  a  member  of  its  Council,  a  position 
he  resigned  as  recently  as  last  month. 

Messrs.  Macmtllan's  forthcoming 
'  Guide  to  Greece,  the  Archipelago,  Con- 
stantinople, the  Coasts  of  Asia  Minor, 
Crete,  and  Cyprus,'  is  a  thoroughly  revised 
edition  of  the  volume  formerly  issued 
as  a  '  Guide  to  the  Eastern  Mediterranean.' 
The  text  has  been  revised  by  such  experts 
as  Mr.  D.  G.  Hogarth,  Prof,  van  Milhngen, 
the  Director  of  the  British  School  at 
Athens,  Dr.  Evans,  and  Mrs.  Ernest 
Gardner,  while  Prof.  Ernest  Gardner 
has  contributed  an  entirely  new  chapter 
on  Greek  art.  The  book  has  been  brought 
up  to  date  in  the  matter  of  hotels,  railways, 
and  other  facilities  of  travel ;  and  new 
maps  of  Greece  and  of  Asia  Minor,  and 
plans  of  Cnossus,  Sparta,  &c,  have  been 
added. 

Messrs.  Chatto  &  Windtjs  regret 
to  announce  that,  although  Mr.  Her- 
bert P.  Home's  newly  designed 
Florence  Press  fount  is  now  cast,  it  has 
proved  impossible  to  decipher  the  MS. 
'  Dialogus  Johannis  Ottobi  Anglici  in 
Arte  Musica,'  an  editio  princeps  of  which 
was  to  have  formed  a  "  trial  issue  "  in 
the  new  type.  Pending  Mr.  Home's 
return  to  Florence  and  the  selection  of  a 
new  rarity  for  the  trial  impression,  the 
publishers  are  proceeding  with  the  setting 
of  the  first  Florence  Press  book,  '  The 
Fioretti  of  S.  Francis.' 

The  Scottish  Record  Society  reports 
that  during  last  year  there  was  issued  to 
members  the  '  Protocol  Book  of  Gavin 
Ros,  Notary,  Ayr  (1512-1532),'  edited  by 
the  Rev.  John  Anderson  and  Mr.  F.  J. 
Grant ;  and  the  '  Register  of  Baptisms 
in  the  Chapels  of  Bimie  and  Tillydesk 
(1763-1801),'  edited  by  Mr.  John  Mac- 
Gregor.  The  Index  of  the  Register  of 
Marriages  for  the  City  Parish  of  Edin- 
burgh, 1700-50,  is  to  be  continued,  and 
will  be  edited  by  Mr.  Henry  Paton,  of 
the  Register  House.  Other  works  in 
progress  are  an  Index  to  Genealogies 
and  Funeral  Entries  in  the  Lyon  Office, 
and  the  Register  of  Burials  at  Restalrig, 
beginning  in  1727.  There  are  now  133 
members  of  the  Society,  including  33 
hbraries  and  public  institutions. 

The  summer  meeting  of  University 
Extension    students    at    Cambridge    will 


be  held  a  fortnight  earlier  than  in  previous 
years.  Part  I.  will  extend  from  July  18th 
to  31st,  and  Part  II.  from  July  31st  to 
August  13th.  The  main  subject  of  study 
will  be  '  Ancient  Greece.'  Part  I.  will 
deal  with  a  period  ending  with  the  battles 
of  Salamis  and  Platsea ;  Part  II.  with 
later  periods,  beginning  with  478  B.C. 
An  attractive  series  of  lectures  is  promised . 
Other  sections  announced  are  Natural 
Science,  Education,  Social  Economics, 
Courses  for  Foreign  Students,  and  Theo- 
logy- 

Mrs.  Beveridge,  who  has  long  been 
at  work  on  the  Turki  text  of  Babar's 
memoirs,  is  engaged  in  revising  the  English 
translation  of  Erskine  and  Leyden  (which 
we  refer  to  elsewhere  to-day)  in  the  fight 
of  the  rediscovered  Elphinstone  MS., 
the  Haidarabad  codex,  of  which  she  pub- 
lished a  facsimile  in  1905,  and  Dr.  Kehr's 
copy  in  the  Foreign  Office  Library  at 
St.  Petersburg,  which  she  has  carefully 
collated. 

At  Paris  a  number  of  graduates  of  the 
Ecole  des  Chartes  have  formed  them- 
selves into  a  group  under  the  title  of  "  Le 
Document,"  for  the  purpose  of  facilitating 
and  executing  research  in  history,  biblio- 
graphy, genealogy,  &c.  The  director  of 
the  scheme  is  M.  L.  Jacob,  17,  Rue  de 
Sevigne,  Paris  ;  and  it  includes  a  photo- 
grapher and  a  draughtsman. 

Three  vacant  chairs  at  the  Academie 
Francaise  were  filled  on  Thursday  in  last 
week,  the  new  members  all  being  men 
who  have  served  a  long  apprenticeship 
to  literature.  To  the  fauteuil  of  Berthelot, 
M.  Francis  Charmes,  the  editor  of  the 
Revue  des  Deux  Mondes,  succeeded  without 
a  rival,  and  his  election  is  noteworthy 
from  the  fact  that  since  the  death  of 
Edouard  Herve  he  is  the  first  journalist 
pure  and  simple  to  be  elected  to  the 
Academie.  For  the  seat  of  Andre 
Theuriet  there  were  three  candidates  : 
M.  Jean  Richepin,  M.  Henri  de  Regnier, 
and  M.  Haraucourt ;  and  at  each  of  the 
four  ballots  the  first  named  was  at  the 
head,  and  finally  obtained  18  votes, 
against  8  and  6  cast  for  his  two  competitors, 
thus  verifying  the  forecast  of  our  Parisian 
correspondent.  For  the  seat  of  Sully- 
Prudhomme  there  were  four  candidates  ; 
but  at  the  second  ballot  17  votes  were 
given  for  M.  Henri  Poincare,  the  dis- 
tinguished mathematician,  against  10 
for  his  nearest  opponent,  M.  Charles  de 
Pomairols,  and  M.  Poincare  was  declared 
elected. 

The  death  in  Paris  last  week,  at  the 
age  of  seventy-five,  of  Camille  Weinschenk 
removes  a  well-known  journalist.  Wein- 
schenk was  the  founder  and  adminis- 
trateur  of  the  unregenerate  Gil  Bias,  which 
has  within  recent  years  been  transformed 
into  a  serious  political  daily,  whilst  the 
weekly  supplement,  Gil  Bias  illustrie, 
with  its  unconventional  illustrations  by 
Forain  and  others,  was  entirely  suppressed. 
Weinschenk  was  also  at  one  time  the 
director  of  the  Anti-English  National, 
which  long  since  ceased,  and  the  director 
of  the  Gaite  and  the  Cluny  theatres.  For 
nearly  thirty  years  he  daily  occupied  the 


same  seat  at  the  Cafe  Americain,  summer 
and  winter,  holding  journalistic,  financial, 
and  other  receptions,  and  formulating 
great  schemes. 

It  is  perhaps  characteristic  of  the 
lofty  indifference  to  the  preservation 
of  our  national  MSS.  which  has  fre- 
quently been  the  subject  of  unfavourable 
comment  that  in  a  recent  case  before 
the  Courts,  concerning  the  safe  custody 
of  the  heirlooms  of  one  of  the  great  official 
families  of  the  eighteenth  century,  no 
assurance  has  been  given  respecting  the 
condition  of  an  important  collection  made 
known  to  students  through  the  good  offices 
of  the  Historical  MSS.  Commission.  The 
value  of  heirlooms  in  the  shape  of  furni- 
ture, china,  and  pictures  is  no  doubt 
considerable  ;  but  the  safety  of  unique 
historical  MSS.  is  after  all  of  greater 
moment.  If  such  treasures  are  not  to 
be  regarded  as  heirlooms,  then  indeed 
the  labour  of  the  admirable  Historical 
MSS.  Commission  is  but  in  vain. 

A  correspondent  writes  : — 

"On  August  10th,  1404,  Henry  IV. 
wrote  privately  to  the  head  of  the  State 
which  was  then  our  great  maritime  and 
commercial  rival,  requesting  him  as  a  token 
of  friendship  to  facilitate  the  purchase 
of  some  of  the  famous  gear  of  Venice  to  rig 
'  certain  great  ships  '  then  building  in  Eng- 
land. Now  on  August  9th  the  Venetian 
Senate  had  been  anxiously  considering  a 
dispatch  from  the  fleet  of  merchantmen 
in  Flanders,  reporting  that  it  dare  not 
return  through  the  Channel  because  of  the 
English  '  armada '  off  Sandwich.  Never- 
theless, the  English  King's  request  seems 
to  have  been  granted  as  a  matter  of  course, 
just  as  the  English  and  Venetian  sailors 
would  have  fought  as  a  matter  of  course. 
With  all  its  shortcomings  we  can  still  learn 
something  from  the  civilization  of  the 
Middle  Ages,  the  age  of  chivalry  which  is 
past." 

The  death,  at  the  age  of  fifty-six, 
is  reported  from  Belgrade  of  Simo  Mata- 
vulj,  the  author  of  a  number  of  stories 
giving  an  excellent  picture  of  life  in 
Montenegro,  Dalmatia,  and  Herzegovina, 
and  of  several  dramas. 

The  Hans  Christian  Andersen  House 
at  Odense,  recently  arranged  to  contain 
memorials  of  the  great  writer,  will  be 
opened  to  the  public  on  the  2nd  of 
April,  his  birthday. 

We  note  the  publication  of  the  following 
Parliamentary  Papers  likely  to  be  of 
interest  to  our  readers  :  Report  of  the 
Consultative  Committee  of  the  Board 
of  Education  upon  the  Question  of 
Devolution  by  County  Education  Authori- 
ties (4|d.)  ;  List  of  Public  Elementary 
Schools  and  Certified  Efficient  Schools 
in  England,  excludinc  Monmouthshire, 
on  1st'  Aug.,  1907  (3s.  4d.)  ;  Code  of 
Regulations  for  Day  Schools,  Scotland 
(3d.)  ;  Minute  of  the  Committee  of  Council 
on  Education  in  Scotland,  providing  for 
the  Distribution  of  the  General  Aid  Grant 
(Id.)  ;  Supplementary  Regulations  for 
Secondary  Schools  in  Wales  including 
Monmouthshire  (hd.)  ;  and  Index  and 
Digest  of  Evidence  to  the  Report  from 
tho  Select  Committee  on  Publications  (\d.). 


326 


THE     AT  II  KNiEUM 


No.  4194,  Maui  ii  11,  1908 


SCIENCE 


BOOKS    ON    BIRDS. 

The     Home-Life     of     some     Marsh-Birds- 
By    ESmma    L.    Turner    and    P.    H.    Bahr. 

(Wit licit >v  .V  Co.) — This  book  demonstrates 
conclusively  the  scientific  possibilities  of 
bird  -  photography,  which  are  frequently 
treated  as  of  secondary  importance  to  tho 
making  of  a  picture  At  the  same  time 
many  of  those  delightful  photographs  doaling 
with  the  domestic  economy  of  some  of  our 
shiest  birds  aro  second  to  none  in  pictorial 
effect.  Many  successful  studies  have  re- 
cently been  made  by  other  photographers 
of  the  great  crested  grebe,  but  Miss  Turner 
has  hero  given  us  a  series  as  complete  as 
it  is  unrivalled.  She  took  tho  fullest  advan- 
tage of  an  extraordinary  piece  of  good  luck 
in  finding  a  coot  and  a  great  crested  grebe 
occupying  nests  within  eighteen  inches 
of  each  other,  and  tells  us  that  for  ten  days 
she  spent  eight  hours  a  day  in  their 
company,  or  awaiting  it.  As,  owing  to 
a  strong  wind,  she  was  at  no  time  able  to 
give  an  exposure  longer  than  1  -500th  of  a 
second,  her  results  are  marvellous.  The 
male  frequently  added  fresh  material  to 
the  nest,  and  Miss  Turner  suggests  that 
the  damp  and  decaying  reeds  kept  up  the 
heat  of  the  nest  to  such  a  temperature 
that  the  eggs  did  not  suffer  even  when  the 
birds  refused  to  return  for  five  or  six  hours. 
The  picture  of  the  three  chicks,  with  their 
curious  zebra  markings  extending  to  the 
bill  itself,  is  exceptionally  good  ;  even  one 
tliree-lobed  foot  is  obligingly  displayed. 
As  was  to  be  expected,  the  opportunities 
for  interesting  observations  at  such  close 
quarters  were  numerous,  and  one  passage 
will  show  how  carefully  Miss  Turner  records 
what  she  has  seen  : — 

"I  was  much  interested  in  one  favourite  trick 
of  the  parent  bird.  He  would  pick  up  a  small 
contour  feather,  dip  it  in  water,  shake  it  in  front 
of  the  chick,  swimming  rapidly  to  and  fro  and 
uttering  encouraging  cries  as  he  did  so.  As 
feathers  are  found  in  the  gizzards  of  great  crested 
grebes  instead  of  stones,  it  may  be  that  the  young 
birds  are  thus  early  taught  to  swallow  them  for 
digestive  purposes,  though  I  cannot  say  that  I 
actually  saw  the  baby  grebe  do  this ;  and  from 
the  excited  manner  of  the  parent  when  coaxing 
him,  possibly  the  young  grebe,  in  common  with 
the  youth  of  other  species,  objects  to  doing  things 
1  for  his  good.'" 

In  a  chapter  on  the  common  snipe  Mr. 
Bahr  supplements  his  photographs  with 
instructive  text  illustrations  in  support  of 
his  contention  that  the  "  bleating  "  is  pro- 
duced by  the  vibration  of  tho  two  outer 
feathers  of  the  tail — a  fact  which,  as  he 
remarks,  was  really  proved  more  than  fifty 
yoars  ago,  though  often  disputed  since. 
The  process  is  explained  convincingly,  and 
it  is  remarked  that  it  is  found  in  both  sexes. 

His  account  of  the  red-throated  diver 
contains  much  that  is  now,  including 
pictures  of  some  of  tho  remarkable 
attitudes  adopted  by  this  bird  and  the 
queer  contortions  that  seemed  to  betoken 
uneasiness.  "  Whon  a  raven  or  gull  passed 
over,"  he  says,  "  the  sitting  bird  and  her 
attendant  mate  oxtonded  their  necks,  becom- 
ing by  this  simple  procodure  well-nigh 
invisible." 

Tho  inevitable  chapter  on  beardod  tits 
contains  illustrations  of  the  conspicuous 
palato  markings  of  the  young  birds,  a  subject 
which  is  beginning  to  attract  some  attention 
from  ornithologists.  Following  this  we 
find  three  excellent  photographs  of  tho  reed- 
warbler,  tho  sedge-warblor,  and  the  grass- 
hopper warbler,  at  their  respective  nests. 

The    last    chapter,    contributed    by    Mr. 


Bahr,  on  a  colony  of  black-headed  gullfl 
on  an  island  in  a  \  f  ebridoan  loch,  is  full  of 
interest,  and  contains  some  beautiful  photo 
graphs,  one  of  the  most  charming  being  that 
of  a  group  of  some  fiftoon  baby  gulls  huddled 
together  on  a  stone  just  out  of  tho  water. 
The  infant  mortality  is  shown  to  be  surpris- 
ingly largo  from  a  variety  of  causes,  and  un- 
fortunately is  greatly  increased  by  the  advent 
of  a  peaceful  visitor,  because  the  nervous 
youngsters  take  to  the  water  at  the  first  hint 
of  dangor,  frequently  with  fatal  conse- 
quences. 

None  of  the  thirty-two  plates  is  lacking 
in  value  as  a  pictorial  record,  but  a  small 
proportion  are  too  much  under-exposed 
to  give  a  satisfactory  photograph,  and  we 
confess  that  we  were  at  first  unable  to 
make  head  or  tail  of  the  water-rail  on 
her  nest. 

We  may  add  that  the  letterpress  is  not 
weighted  by  "book"  descriptions  of  the 
species  under  discussion,  and  everything 
said  is  well  said. 

Birds  of  the  Loch  and  Mountain.  By 
Seton  P.  Gordon.  (Cassell  &  Co.)— The 
lonely  grandeur  of  the  Scottish  mountains 
has  always  exercised  a  strong  fascination 
on  those  who  love  Nature  at  her  wildest, 
but  few  naturalists  can  be  better  qualified 
to  tell  of  the  secrets  that  they  hold  than 
Mr.  Gordon,  who  knows  them  intimately 
at  every  season  of  the  year  and  every  hour 
of  the  day  or  night.  His  experiences  make 
a  simple,  straightforward  narrative,  and 
only  incidentally  do  we  get  glimpses  of  the 
difficulties  that  had  to  be  overcome  ; 
indeed,  he  speaks  of  himself  as  having  been 
"  exceptionally  fortunate,"  which  is  a  rare 
admission  for  any  bird-photographer  to 
make.  Every  page  is  full  of  information 
gleaned  at  first  hand,  and  there  are  no 
digressions  of  any  sort.  Twenty-one  species 
have  been  chosen  as  representative  of  the  bird 
life  of  loch  and  mountain,  and  in  this  select 
company  it  seems  a  little  strange  to  find 
the  familiar  bullfinch  and  the  willow- 
warbler.  But  Mr.  Gordon  points  out  that 
frequently  in  close  proximity  to  the  golden 
eaylo's  eyrie  many  of  these  songbirds  are 
found  in  great  numbers,  and  here  he  culti- 
vated the  acquaintance  of  a  hen  bullfinch 
so  successfully  that  sho  would  take  hemp 
seed  from  his  lips  to  feed  her  young  in  the 
nest  ;  birch  catkins,  however,  formed  their 
principal  diet. 

To  pass  to  nobler  game,  the  chapter  dealing 
with  golden  eagles  will  perhaps  attract 
the  most  attention,  being  particularly  in- 
structive and  illustrated  by  a  splendid  series 
of  photographs,  showing  the  growth  of  the 
eaglet  at  different  stages  of  its  babyhood. 
Fortunately  for  the  photographer,  the  eyrie 
is  generally  in  an  oasily  accessible  position. 
The  accounts  of  the  capercailzie  and  the 
ptarmigan  have  appeared  in  print  before. 
The  author  is  certainly  to  be  congratulated 
on  his  admirable  study  of  the  latter  ; 
among  many  interesting  observations,  ho 
tells  us  that  during  an  ascent  of  Ben  Muich 
Dhui  last  April  he  noticed  that  at  about 
the  3,000-foot  lino  the  ptarmigan  were 
changing  to  their  summer  plumage,  but  that 
thoso  near  the  summit  were,  for  the  most 
part,  still  spotlessty  white.  Many  pitiful 
instances  are  givon  whero  these  birds  of 
the  wilds — ptarmigan,  golden  plover,  ring 
ousel,  dipper,  and  curlew — have  been  hope- 
lessly snowed  out  at  tho  breeding  season. 
Mr.  Gordon  comments  on  the  curious  fact 
that  when  once  the  migrants  from  the  shore, 
such  as  curlew  and  oystorcatcher,  have 
arrived  at  their  summer  quarters,  they  may 
bo  roduced  to  the  verge  of  starvation  by 
a  return  of  wintry  weather,  and  never  seem 
to  havo  any  idea  of  descending  to  the  coast 


•gain, where  plenty  could  a!wa\  -  beobtainod 
after  an  hour's  flight. 

A  good  deal  of  illegal  destruction  of  bird 
life,  by  shot  or  by  poison,  is  brought  h 
to  the  keepers,  who  aro  in  no  way  det<< 
by  any  Wild  Birds'  Protection  Ac 
annihilation  of  whole  colonies  of  black- 
headed  gulls,  on  suspicion  of  purloining 
the  eggs  of  game-birds,  seems  particularly 
ill  judged  ;  as  a  testimonial  to  their  useful- 
ness ho  quotes  a  farmer  who  attributed  the 
excellence  of  his  oat  crops  to  the  fact  that 
"  them  white  boasts  eats  up  a'  the  grubs.  ' 
A  peregrine's  eyrie  which  Mr.  Gordon 
had  under  observation  was  the  scene  of 
a  tragedy  only  too  common,  and  a  photo- 
graph shows  the  6ilent  evidence  of  the 
beautiful  eggs  scattered  by  the  falcon  as 
sho  writhed  in  her  death  agony.  For- 
tunately, the  golden  eagle  is  accorded  a 
large  measure  of  protection,  and  the  havoc 
that  he  makes  among  the  grouse  is  accounted 
to  him  for  righteousness  in  deer  forests,  for 
these  birds  invariably  give  warning  of  the 
approach  of  the  stalker. 

In  the  case  of  only  one-third  of  the  species 
under  discussion  is  Mr.  Gordon  able  to  give 
illustrations  of  the  adult  birds,  and  among 
these  the  goosander  is  not  particularly 
successful  ;  but  he  has  secured  some  excel- 
lent photographs  of  the  young  in  many 
instances,  as  well  as  of  the  nests  ;  a  good 
deal  of  space,  moreover,  is  reasonably 
apportioned  to  pictures  of  the  characteristic 
haunts  of  his  subjects.  The  paper,  printing, 
and  binding  of  the  book  are  all  that  any 
author  could  desire.  It  is  to  be  hoped  that 
Mr.  Gordon  will  in  time  produce  a  second 
series  under  the  same  title,  which  might 
include  such  fine  birds  as  the  osprey,  raven, 
dotterel,  divers,  greater  black-backed  gull, 
red-breasted  merganser,  and  the  skuas. 

In  one  small  particular  our  personal 
experience  does  not  confirm  the  author's 
observation.  Of  the  curlew  it  is  remarked  : 
"  Tho  hen  always  flies  right  off  the  nest, 
and  does  not,  like  the  golden  plover  and  most 
ground-nesting  birds,  run  for  some  distance 
first."  In  the  course,  however,  of  four 
consecutive  hours  spent  within  12  ft.  of  a 
curlew's  nest,  it  was  observed  that,  at  the 
first  hint  of  danger  and  without  any  warning 
from  the  male  bird,  she  rose  hastily  to  a 
crouching  position  and  quietly  zigzagged 
away  a  considerable  distance  before  taking 
wing  ;  and  this  occurred  many  times,  as 
a  lane  ran  within  150  yards  of  the  nest. 

The  Birds  of  the  British  Islands.  Part  VIII. 
By  Charles  Stonham.  (E.  Grant  Richards.) 
— This  part,  which  completes  the  second 
volume  of  this  work,  is  concerned  principally 
with  the  owls.  Here  we  have  a  subject 
which  seems  to  lend  itself  to  delicate  pencil- 
work,  and  Miss  Medland  has  scored  another 
success.  It  is  perhaps  to  be  regretted  that 
Tengmalm's  owl  and  the  scops-owl,  being 
classed  as  "  rare  and  accidental,"  do  not 
appear  in  the  portrait  gallery  :  on  the  other 
hand,  a  plate  is  assigned  to  the  engaging 
"little"  owl,  which  could  hardly  have  been 
placed  on  the  visiting  list  were  it  not  for 
persistent  introduction,  but  has  recently 
become  a  resident  in  various  parts  of  Eng- 
land. On  tho  subject  of  this  class  of 
illustrations  we  offer  the  criticism  that 
nothing  would  have  been  lost,  and  a  good 
deal  would  have  been  gained,  by  adopting 
a  uniform  scale — say  half  the  natural  size. 
As  it  is,  we  find  that  oleven  species 
have  in  haphazard  fashion  been  drawn  to 
six  different  scales,  and  the  absurdity  of 
this  is  shown  by  a  "  little"  owl  being  repre- 
sented as  equal  in  size  to  the  long-eared. 

Mr.  Stonham  repeats  the  usual  statements 
about  the  strictly  nocturnal  habits  of  the 
barn  owl  and  its  helplessness  if  driven  to 
face  the  light  ;    but  we  can  ourselves  vouch 


No.  4194,  March  14,  1908 


THE    ATHENAEUM 


327 


for  the  fact  that  this  species,  and  even  the 
tawny  owl,  will,  when  food  is  not  too  plentiful, 
go  hunting  in  broad  daylight.  Of  the  latter 
bird  we  read  that  it  "is  said  occasionally  to 
make  use  of  the  nest  of  a  crow,  rook,  or 
magpie,  or  of  a  squirrel's  drey "  ;  it  is 
certainly  very  partial  to  an  old  squirrel's 
drey,  which  it  flattens  out ;  and  last  spring 
we  witnessed  an  instance  of  a  magpie's 
being  evicted  from  its  nest  as  soon  as  it  was 
built.  The  beautiful  hoopoe  has  some 
notoriously  unpleasant  habits,  so  far  as 
nidification  is  concerned,  and  Mi".  Stonham 
mentions  another  surprising  trait ;  in  China 
it  often  nests  in  coffins,  and  is  on  that  account 
known  as  the  "  coffin-bird."  It  is  pointed 
out  that  this  bird  visits  us  in  increasing 
numbers  every  year,  and  in  spite  of  persecu- 
tion "  has  reared  its  young  in  all  the  southern 
counties  from  Kent  to  Devon  "  ;  as  a  matter 
of  fact,  it  has  also  done  so  in  Cornwall.  On 
the  subject  of  the  cuckoo  Mr.  Stonham  is  dis- 
posed to  accept  the  generally  rejected  theory 
as  to  its  sucking  eggs,  on  the  ground  that 
"  remains  of  egg-shells  have  been  found  in 
their  crops,"  whilst  he  has  often  seen  eggs, 
apparently  sucked,  lying  by  the  side  of 
nests  containing  a  cuckoo's  egg. 

Gray    Lady    and    the    Birds.     By    Mabel 
Osgood  Wright.     (New  York,  the  Macmillan 
Company. ) — Mrs.  Wright  has  added  another 
to  her  already  long  list  of  nature  books. 
She    is    the    American    counterpart    of    the 
late  Mrs.  Brightwen,  and  mutatis  mutandis 
this  volume  is  in  some  sort  the  equivalent 
of  '  Wild  Nature  won  by  Kindness.'     It  was, 
we    are    told,    primarily    prepared    for    the 
guidance  of  teachers  in  the  rural  schools  of 
Connecticut,   and  in  sympathetic  hands  it 
should  serve  its   purpose.     As   a  book   for 
children  to  read  to  themselves   its  success 
is  more    doubtful,    for    it    contains    some- 
what solid  food  for  tender  digestions.     The 
wise   dissertations   on    bird-life   are   loosely 
strung  together  by  the  "Gray   Lady"  for 
the  benefit  of  her  unsophisticated  proteges, 
and  garnished   by   an    unusual   number    of 
quotations — good    and   otherwise — in    verse 
and  prose.     The   excellent  illustrations  are 
mainly  taken  from  the  educational  leaflets 
of  the  National  Audubon  Association,  Mrs. 
Wright  being  president  of   that  society  in 
iier    State.     Those    who    have    worked    for 
the  establishment  of  a  Bird  and  Arbour  Day 
in  our  own  country  will  be  keenly  interested 
in  the  elaboration  of  the  idea  in  these  pages, 
and  will  doubtless  find  themselves  in  sym- 
pathy   with    various    practical    suggestions 
on  those  lines.     In  the  story  everything  turns 
on  the  personality  of  this  Gray  Lady,  and 
in  real  life  it  would  certainly  be  the  chief 
factor  in  the  case.     We  will  content  ourselves 
with    a    single    extract.     The    question    of 
cruel  millinery  has  led  up  to  an  interesting 
account    of    the    ostrich-farming    which    for 
the  last  twenty-five  years  has  been  success- 
fully carriod  on  in  the  States  as  well  as  in 
South  Africa  :    the  result  is  gratifying,  for 
"'I  wish  my  ma  had  an   ostrich    plume   in   her 
Sunday  hat  instead   of  that  mean  egret,'  sighed 
Eliza  Clausen,  half  to  herself.     '  I  can   take   the 
smaller  wings  out  of  mine  and  leave  the  ribbon, 
but  the  feather's  the  whole  topknot  of  ma's.' " 


SOCIETIES. 


Society  01  Antioiakik.s.  -  Feb.  27.— Sir  Edward 
Maunde  Thompson,  V  P.,  in  the  chair. — The  exca- 
vation of  Harborough  Cave,  near  Brassington, 
Derbyshire,  was  described  by  Mr.  YV.  Storrs  Fox. 
Tho  opening  was  in  tho  face  of  a  limestone  crag, 
and  had  been  enlarged  within  living  memory  ;  OD 
the  same  occasion  the  floor  of  the  oblong  chamber 
had  been  levelled  by  the  addition  of  a  thick  layer 
of  rubble  in  those  parts  not  encumbered  by  blocks 
fallen  from  the  root.  Excavations  last  year,  under- 
taken by  private  subscription,  revealed  two  ancient 


floors  of  trodden  black  earth,  the  material  between 
them  yielding  many  implements  of  flint  and  bone. 
Near  the  entrance  the  lower  floor  was  pierced  to 
the  red  cave-earth,  which  apparently  contained 
animal  remains  of  the  Palaeolithic  period,  but  was 
not  further  investigated.  A  shaft  near  the  inner 
wall  showed  a  floor  of  trodden  earth  at  a  lower 
level  than  before,  but  probably  of  the  same  date, 
as  there  were  two  obvious  strata  of  intentional 
filling  above  it  without  relics  of  any  kind.  In  the 
north-east  angle  a  narrow  passage  was  found  below 
the  modern  level,  leading  to  an  inner  chamber  that 
awaits  exploration.  Mr.  Reginald  Smith  described 
the  objects  exhibited  from  the  cave,  which  dated 
from  the  Bronze  Age,  and  possibly  earlier,  as  flint 
flakes  were  numerous.  The  majority  of  the  bone 
borers  and  needles,  boars'  tusks  (some  perforated), 
and  worked  points  of  red-deer  antler  probably 
belonged  to  the  Early  Iron  Age,  as  did  also  a  fine 
bronze  brooch  almost  identical  with  one  from  the 
Queen's  Barrow,  Arras,  East  Riding,  Yorks.  It 
had  been  richly  ornamented  with  studs  and  beads 
of  a  pinkish  substance  that  could  now  be  recognized 
as  coral,  the  central  stud  having  a  recent  fracture. 
In  France  coral  was  not  in  use  after  about  250  B.C., 
but  British  examples  were  quoted  belonging  to  the 
last  two  centuries  B.C.  Several  iron  fragments, 
with  lanceheads  perhaps  contemporary  with  a  few 
Roman  brooches  of  the  second  centuiy,  and  some 
pottery  fragments  of  the  Bronze  and  Early  Iron 
Ages,  completed  the  list  of  ancient  remains  from 
the  site. — Sir  J.  Charles  Robinson  also  exhibited  a 
series  of  enamelled  "  horse  trappings  "  of  mediaeval 
date,  mostly  of  French  origin. 

March  5. — Viscount  Dillon,  V.P.,  in  the  chair. 
— This  being  an  evening  appointed  for  the  election 
of  Fellows,  no  papers  were  read. — Mr.  C.  E. 
Keyser  exhibited  a  fine  series  of  large  photo- 
graphs of  Norman  doorways  in  Norfolk  churches 
and  castles.  — The  following  were  elected  Fellows  : 
Messrs.  William  Martin,  LL.D.,  Harold  Owen 
Bodvel-Roberts,  Bernard  Roth,  John  Humphreys, 
David  Dippie  Dixon,  Edward  Neil  Baynes,  Vernon 
J.  Watney,  and  Mervyn  Edmund  Macartney. 


Zoological. — March  3. — Mr.  G.  A.  Boulenger, 
V.  P. ,  in  the  chair.  — The  Secretary  read  a  letter 
from  Mr.  Roland  Trimen,  describing  a  cuticular 
claw-like  growth,  about  seven  lines  in  length,  on 
the  tip  of  the  tail  of  a  domestic  cat  in  his  posses- 
sion. The  Secretary  exhibited,  for  comparison, 
the  tail  of  a  young  lion,  on  which  such  a  structure 
is  well  known  to  occur.  He  also  exhibited  some 
skins  of  the  coypu  (Myocastor  coypu)  lent  to  him 
for  the  purpose  by  Mr.  C.  Hawkins,  and  called 
attention  to  the  dorso-lateral  position  of  the 
nipples  of  the  mammary  glands.  The  peculiar 
position  of  these  organs  in  the  coypu  and  some  of 
its  allies  was  long  ago  discussed  by  Sir  Richard 
Owen,  but  apparently  was  not  known  to  writers  of 
recent  textbooks. — Mr.  F.  E.  Beddard  exhibited  a 
preparation  of  the  colon  and  rectum  of  the  badger 
(Meles  meles),  and  directed  attention  to  the  un- 
usual size  of  the  Payer's  patches.— Dr.  P.  Chalmers 
Mitchell  read  a  paper  entitled  '  On  a  Young 
Female  Kordofan  Giraffe,'  and  illustrated  his  re- 
marks by  lantern  slides. — Mr.  Beddard  gave  an 
abstract  of  his  communication  entitled  '  A  Com- 
parison of  the  Neotropical  Species  of  Corallus, 
C.  cookii  with  C.  madagascariensis  ;  and  on  some 
Points  in  the  Anatomy  of  C.  cantntw.'—  Mr.  R.  I. 
Pocock  described  a  new  species  of  monkey  of  the 
genus  Cercopithecus,  which  differs  from  C.  neglectus 
principally  in  the  absence  of  the  black  band  across 
the  head,  and  in  the  reddish  tinge  of  the  hairs 
beneath  the  callosities.  He  proposed  to  name  this 
new  monkey  C.  ezra\ 


Microscopical.—  Feb.  19.—  Mr.  A.  N.  Disneyin  the 
chair. — Mr.  J.  E.  Barnard  exhibited  and  described 
an  improved  type  of  mercury-vapour  lamp  for  use 
with  the  microscope.  It  was  made  with  a  thicker 
and  shorter  tube  than  the  one  previously  exhibited, 
but  it  gave  a  source  of  light  sufficiently  largo  to 
enable  critical  illumination  to  be  obtained  with  a 
well-filled  field  when  medium  powers  wcro  used. 
It  was  exhibited  applied  to  two  microscopes:  one 
with  a  screen,  giving  absolutely  monochromatic 
green  light ;  tho  other  without  a  screen,  giving  a 
soft  bluish  light,  which,  owing  to  the  absence  of 
red  rays,  was  an  excellent  illuminant  for  visual 
microscopic  work.  Mr.  Cordon  inquired  if  any 
short  length  waves  of    light,   which    might    prove 


injurious  to  the  user,  were  present.  Mr.  Barnard 
said  this  risk  was  virtually  nil,  as  the  glass  tube 
absorbed  nearly  all  the  ultra-violet  rays.  A  fur- 
ther safeguard  in  the  case  of  glass  tubes  transparent 
to  violet  rays  was  to  use  a  screen  of  a  solution  of 
sulphate  of  quinine.—  Mr.  C.  L.  Curties  exhibited 
a  number  of  slides  under  microscopes  illustrative 
of  the  life-history  of  some  Diptera. — Stereo-photo- 
micrographs by  Mr.  W.  Dollman  of  Adelaide  were 
exhibited. — A  paper  by  Mr.  Nelson  on  '  Eyepieces 
for  the  Microscope  '  was  taken  as  read.  — The  Rev. 
Eustace  Tozer  read  a  paper  giving  the  results  of 
his  observations  (extending  over  four  years)  on  a 
rare  protophyte.  His  paper  was  illustrated  by 
lantern-slides  and  living  and  mounted  specimens 
under  microscopes.  Mr.  Tozer  also  exhibited  some 
slides  of  rotifers,  stained  and  mounted  in  balsam 
by  a  new  process. — Dr.  Hebb  read  a  paper,  by  Mr. 
F.  Chapman,  on  '  Dimorphism  in  the  Recent 
Foraminifer  Alveolina  boscii.'  The  paper  was 
illustrated  by  photographs,  and  a  slide  showing 
the  two  forms  was  exhibited  under  a  mioroscope. 
Mr,  Earland  thought  he  had  seen  the  forms  re- 
ferred to  on  several  occasions,  but  it  had  not 
occurred  to  him  that  the  variation  was  due  to 
dimorphism,  and  he  had  regarded  it  as  an  abnormal 
variation.  It  was  a  question  that  could  only  be 
answered  by  cutting  thin  sections  through  the 
median  line,  a  process  requiring  the  greatest  skill 
and  delicacy  of  touch.  Mr.  Chapman  was  well 
known  for  his  skill  in  these  matters,  and  he  was 
to  be  congratulated  on  the  interesting  discovery 
resulting  from  his  work. — Dr.  Hebb  also  read  a 
paper,  by  Mr.  Nelson,  on  Biddidphia  mobiliensis, 
in  which  the  author  described  some  exceedingly 
minute  sec  ndary  markings  in  the  primary  areola- 
tions  of  this  diatom,  discovered  by  him.  He  con- 
cluded with  some  remarks  on  the  advantage  of  the 
long-tube  microscope  in  such  observations. — Mr. 
C.  L.  Curties  exhibited  on  the  screen  a  number  of 
lantern-slides  of  various  microscopic  objects. 


Philological. — March  6. — Mr.  H.  A.  Nesbitt, 
Treasurer,  in  the  chair. — A  resolution  was  passed 
recording  the  regret  of  the  Society  at  the  death  of 
its  late  Treasurer,  Mr.  B.  Dawson,  and  expressing 
its  sympathy  with  his  widow  and  family.  —  An 
important  paper  was  then  read,  by  Dr.  H.  N.  Mac- 
Cracken,  of  Harvard,  on  '  The  Lydgate  Canon,' 
prints  of  it  being  put  into  members'  hands,  to 
enable  them  to  see  details  passed  over  in  the  read- 
ing aloud.  Dr.  MacCracken  had  examined  every 
known  Lydgate  manuscript,  and  every  accessible 
miscellaneous  manuscript  likely  to  contain  a  poem 
that  may  be  Lydgate's.  He  founded  his  Canon  on 
Lydgate's  own  statements,  on  those  of  contem- 
porary scribes,  and  the  internal  evidence  of  rhyme, 
metre,  and  style.  Under  '  Rhyme  '  ho  noted  Lyd- 
gate's few  differences  from  Chaucer's  laws.  Under 
'  Metre '  he  recognized  that  Lydgate  in  his  five- 
accent  line  allowed  greater  variety  than  Chancer  in 
the  number  of  unaccented  syllables,  and  he  even 
justified  broken-backed  lines  like  'Troy  Book,'  16  : 
"To  like  vpdn,  inly  furious."  Under  '  Style  '  Dr. 
MacCracken  noted  that  in  subject  Lydgate  was 
devoutly  Catholic  and  patriotically  Lancastrian, 
and,  except  in  'The  Hood  of  Green,'  never 
descended  to  the  vulgar  and  obscene,  though  in 
translating  he  might  feel  bound  to  reproduce  hi* 
original.  He  was,  besides,  like  all  other  verse- 
writers  of  his  clay,  strongly  under  Chaucer's  in- 
fluence, and  also  under  that  of  the  authors  of  'The 
Pearl' and  the  '  Quia  Amore  Langueo.'  His  per- 
sonality was  often  modestly  expressed  in  his 
writings  ;  and  his  rhyme-tags,  collected  in  the 
Early  English  Text  Society's  edition  of  '  Reason 
and  Sensuality,'  are  characteristic.  Dr.  M -\< 
Crackcn  then  commented  on  such  of  his  printed 
list  of  Lydgate's  155  genuine  works— all  verse  but 
one,  tho  Richard  II.  bit  of  the  prose  '  Brut,'  or 
Chronicle  of  England  as  lie  wished  to  call  special 
attention  to;  and  then  proceeded  to  his  list  of 
works  ascribed  to  Lydgate  at  some  time  or  another 
by  different  writers  or  printers,  which  ho  could  not 
accept  as  his.  Among  the  folk  on  whom  he  passed 
sentence  as  guilty  were  two  editors  of  the  E.  E.T.S., 
Trigga  and  (dunning;    also  Bp.    Alcock.  Stephen 

Eawea,  Wynkynda  Worde,  John  Bale,  John  stow, 

John  Pits,  Bp.  Tanner,  Joseph  Ritson  (a  Special 
sinner),  Sir  Harris  Nicolas,  .1.  ().  II  illiwell,  Prof. 
Skeat,  Dr.  J.  H.  Lange,  l>r.  Marsh,  and  the 
printers   of   '  London   Liekpenny,'  which  is  plainly 

Elizabethan,  as  ■  sample  of  Lydgate'i  verse  i  its 

"style  and    rhyme  are   utterly  at  variance  with 


328 


Til  E     ATIIEN  JEUM 


No.  4104,  March  14,  1008 


Lvdgata'i  prin -i !••<•,"  anil  Dooovpatant  Judge  bokb 
it  to  i»«  Ma.  With  a  warning  tlmt  "  than  are  *till 
a  fan  doaan  poeni  ol  the  fifteenth  oentnry  whioh, 
■  t  is  nfe  u<  ]>i<<I >•  t ,  will  bu  shortly  heralded  us 
Lydgate'a,"  bnf  are  oertaiuly  not  his,  Dr.  Mac- 
Craokeo  ended  one  of  the  ipcat  important  papen 
tlmt  tbe  Society  haa  had  before  it  for  n  long  time. 

Instititicn  or  Civii.  Kmunkkiis. — March  3. — 
Sir  William  Matttaewa,  President,  in  the  chair. — 
It  whs  announced  that  13  Associate  Members  had 
bean  transferred  to  the  ofaua  of  Members,  and  that 
1 1  oandid&tea  had  been  admitted  as  Students. — 
The  monthly  ballot  resulted  in  the  election  of  Sir 
A.  Noble  as  an  Honorary  Member,  S  Members, 
25  Associate  Members,  and  1  Associate. 


Physical.— Aft.  28.— Dr.  C.  Clirco,  President, 
in  the  chair. —  A  paper  by  Mr.  S.  W.  J.  Smith  and 
Mr.  H.  Moss,  entitled  'On  the  Contact  Potential 
Differences  determined  by  means  of  Null  Solutions,' 
was  read  by  Mr.  Smith.  —  A  paper  on  '  An  Experi- 
mental Examination  of  GibbV  Theory  of  Surface 
Concentration  regarded  as  the  Basis  of  Adsorption, 
and  its  Application  to  the  Theory  of  Dyeing,'  was 
read  by  Mr.  W.  C.  M.  Lewis. 


MEETINGS  NEXT  WEEK. 


Mo*. 

Tina. 


Society  of  Arts,  8.— 'Fuel  ami  its  Future,'  Lecture  II.,  Prof. 

V.  It   Lewes.     (Cantor  Lecture.) 
Royal  Institution.  J.—'  MemhrantiS  :  their  Structure,  Uses,  and 

Products,'  Lecture  VI.,  Prof   W.  Stirling. 

—  Statistical.    &.— 'Hallways  and   the  Trade  of  Great  Britain,' 

Mr  0.  Lewis  Edwards. 

—  Institution  of  Civil   Engineers,  8— Discussion  on  'The  New 

York  Rapid-Transit  Subway.' 

—  Society  of  A rts,  8.  —  "Child  Workers  and  Wane-Earners,'  Miss 

Nettie  Adler.     iShaw  Lecture  on  Industrial  Hygiene.) 

—  Zoological,  S  SO.— 'Some  Observations  on  the  EfTectsof  Pressure 

upon  the  Direction  of  Hair  in  Mammals,'  Dr.  W.  A.  Kidd  ; 
'The  Rudd  Exploration  of  South  Africa  :  IX.  List  of  Mam- 
mals obtained  ny  Mr.  Grant  on  the  Gorongoza  Mountains, 
Portuguese  South-East  Africa,'  Messrs.  0.  Thomas  and  R.  C. 
Wroughton  ;  '  Notes  ujion  some  Species  and  Geographical 
Races  of  Scrows  (Capricornis)  and  Gorals  (Na-morhedus), 
based  upon  Specimens  exhibited  in  the  Society's  Gardens,' 
Mr.  R.  I.  Pocock. 
Wen.     Entomological,  8. 

—  Folk-lore  Society.  8.— 'Folk  Music,"  Mr.  Cecil  J.  Sharp. 

—  Geological.   S— '  The  Carboniferous    Rocks   at    Loughskinny, 

co.  Dublin,  with  an  Account  of  the  Faunal  Succession  and 
Correlation,"  Dr.  C.  A.  Matley  and  Dr.  A.  Vaughan  ;  '  A 
Note  on  the  Petrology  and  Physiography  of  Western  Liberia, 
West  Coast  of  Africa,"  Mr.  J.  Parkinson. 

—  Microscopical.  8. — Lord  Avebury's  Presidential  Address,  'On 

Seeds,  with  Special  Reference  to  British  Plants.' 

—  Society  of  Arts.  8.—'  Impressionist  Painting  :  its  Genesis  and 

Development,'  Mr.  W.  Pewhurst. 
Turns.  Royal  Institution,  3.— 'Standardization  in  Yarious  Aspects  : 
I.  Mechanical  Engineering,'  Mr.  It.  T.  Glazebrook. 

—  Royal  Society,  4.30. 

—  Institution    of    Electrical    Engineers,    8. —  'New   Alternate- 

Current  Instruments,'  Dr.  W.  E.  Sumpncr  and  Mr.  J.  W. 
Record. 

—  Linnean.  8— 'The  Podosomata  of  the  Atlantic  and  the  Arctic 

Oceans,'  Canon  Norman;  'A  Revision  of  the  Genus  Cotlo- 
nopsis,'  Mr.  T.  F.  Chipp;  'On  the  Holothurians  from  the 
Red  Sea.'  Mr.  E.  Hindle. 

—  Society  of  Arts,  8.  —  ' The  Navigation  of  the  Air,'  Lecture  L, 

Mr.  H.  S.  HeleShaw.     iHoward  Lecture.) 

—  Chemical.  8.30— '  The  Constitution  of  Electronegative  "  Thio- 

cyanates."'  Messrs.  A.  E.  Dixon  and  J.  Taylor;  "An 
Improved  Form  of  Pyknometer,"  Mr.  W.  R.  Bousfield  ;  and 
other  Papers. 

—  Society    of    Antiquaries,    8.30.  — 'Report   of    the   Red    Hills 
Exploration  Committee.' 

Institution  of  Civil  Engineers,  8  — '  Stresses  in  Brick  Arches,' 
Mr.  .1.  D.  W.  Ball. 


Fri. 
Bat. 


1(111 

Royal  Institution.  3.  —  '  Electric    Dischargee    through  Gases,' 
Lecture  III.,  Prof.  J.  J.  Thomson. 


%£inue  (5ossip. 

Messrs.  Smith  &  Elder  will  publish 
immediately  a  third  and  thoroughly  revised 
edition  of  Mr.  A.  D.  Webster's  well-known 
work  on  '  Hardy  Ornamental  Flowering 
Trees  and  Shrubs,'  including  several  Chinese 
and  Japanese  varieties  and  chapters  on 
pruning,  planting,  grouping,  soils,  &c. 

The  S.P.C.K.  is  publishing  in  May  next 
revised  editions  of  '  Turbines,'  by  Mr.  A.  E. 
Tompkins,  and  '  Spinning  Tops,'  by  Prof. 
J.  Perry,  in  the  "  Romance  of  Science 
Series";  and  '  Tho  Fundamental  Concep- 
tions of  Chemistry,'  by  Prof.  S.  M.  Jorgonsen, 
translated  from  the  last  German  edition 
by  Mr.  M.  P.  Applebey. 

Dr.  Henry  Clifton  Sohby,  F.R.S.,  who 
died  at  Sheffield  last  Monday  in  the  eighty- 
second  year  of  his  age,  was  a  man  of 
remarkable  originality,  and  has  loft  his  mark 
on  many  departments  of  science.  Exactly 
half  a  century  ago  tho  Geological  Society  of 
London  publishod  his  epoch-making  papor 
on  the  microscopic  structuro  of  crystals — a 
paper  which  laid  tho  foundation  of  the 
science  of  microscopic  petrography,  and  thus 
revolutionized   tho  study  of    rocks.     A  few 


\  i  urn  Inter  ho  \  irttiully  started  tho  important 
study  of  micro-metallography  by  a  pujx-r  on 
tho  ininuto  structure  of  iron  and  steel. 
Spectrum  analysis,  especially  inicrosptvtro- 
scopy,  engap  <1  much  of  his  attention,  and 
he  successfully  applied  his  methods  to  tho 
investigation  of  tho  colouring  matters  of 
twiimtils  and  plants.  Ono  of  his  earliest 
researches  related  to  tho  origin  of  slaty 
cleavage  in  rocks.  Much  of  his  life  was 
spent  on  board  his  yacht  tho  Glimpse,  where 
ho  was  led  to  study  marine  zoology  and  the 
physical  characters  of  marine  and  estuarino 
deposits.  Archaeology  also  attracted  him. 
Dr.  Sorby  was  always  much  interested  in 
educational  work  in  Sheffield,  and,  having 
been  President  of  the  Council  of  Firth  College, 
was  largely  instrumental  in  founding  the 
University  of  Sheffield.  As  far  back  as  1869 
he  was  awarded  tho  Wollaston  Medal  of  the 
Geological  Society,  and  ten  years  later  he 
receivod  the  honorary  degree  of  LL.D.  from 
the  University  of  Cambridge. 

The  Rev.  J.  H.  Metcalf  announces 
four  new  small  planets  discovered  at  Taun- 
ton, Mass.,  on  the  8th  of  January,  two  on 
the  30th,  and  three  on  the  4th  ult. 

Photographs  taken  by  Mr.  Melotte  at  the 
Royal  Observatory,  Greenwich,  on  Janu- 
ary 27th  and  February  28th  have  resulted 
in  the  discovery  of  a  small  planet  (possibly, 
Mr.  Cowell  remarks,  a  satellite)  near  Jupiter. 
It  is  of  only  the  sixteenth  magnitude,  and 
was  photographed  by  Prof.  Max  Wolf  at 
Heidelberg  on  the  3rd  inst. 

Madame  Ceraski,  examining  photo- 
graphic plates  taken  by  M.  Blazko  at  the 
Moscow  Observatory,  has  detected  varia- 
bility in  a  star  situated  in  the  north-western 
part  of  the  constellation  Ursa  Major,  the 
magnitude  of  which  is  only  about  11  \  when 
brightest,  and  sinks  at  times  below  12£. 
A  maximum  took  place  at  the  beginning 
of  March  last  year  ;  the  period  is  probably 
long,  and  cannot  yet  be  assigned.  In  a 
general  list  it  will  be  reckoned  as  var.  5,  1908, 
Ursse  Majoris.  Madame  Ceraski  last  month 
detected  another  in  the  constellation 
Gemini,  which  is  probably  of  the  Algol  type. 
From  photographs  taken  by  M.  Blazko 
it  appears  that  its  normal  magnitude  is 
the  ninth,  but  on  a  plate  of  April  5th  last 
year  it  was  li  magnitudes  fainter,  and  on 
previous  occasions  below  the  normal.  It  is 
situated  near  the  boundary  with  Canis 
Minor,  and  will  be  reckonod  as  var.  6,  1908, 
Geminorum. 


FINE   ARTS 

-  ■  ♦ 

WATER-COLOUR  EXHIBITIONS. 
Exhibitions  of  water-colours  are  very 
numerous  and  popular  in  London.  This 
need  not  of  itself  be  deplored,  for  the  practice 
of  water-colour  is  an  excellent  thing  for  a 
painter — provided  he  does  not  keop  to  it 
too  exclusively.  Oil  painting  to-day  sadly 
lacks  method.  The  use  of  water-colour 
forces  a  man  to  acquire  a  method — indeed, 
if  he  persist  in  it  too  long,  it  generally  leads 
him  to  apply  that  method  so  thoroughly 
that  it  becomes  a  convention.  Tho  annual 
show  of  water-colours  at  Messrs.  Agnew's 
galleries  reminds  us  that  we  may  say  this 
without  casting  any  special  slur  on  con- 
temporary artists,  for  it  always  was  so, 
and  a  large  proportion  of  the  works  of  the 
Old  English  Water-Colour  School  are,  if 
respectable,  also  dull.  Tho  largo  drawings 
here  by  Prout  and  Varley,  Barret  and  De 
Wint,  Carl  Haag,  Richardson,  and  Topham 
are  more  or  less  capable  repetitions  of 
formula?.  They  are  neither  inspired  by 
nature  nor   informed   by   any   high   degree 


|  of   that    feeling    for   rhythm    and    proportion 
I  of    parts    which    often    survives,    even    n 

painting   has   become  ■   mutter   of   abstract 
1  convention. 

Wo  say  this  of  the  larger  work  of  De  Wint 
advisedly,  for  some  smaller  examples  here 
\  have  none  of  this  cold  formality,  and  are 
,  among  the  best  on  tho  walls.  A  AaOsfp 
I  Meadow  (4),  coming  early  in  the  show, 
j  may  be  specially  mentioned  for  its  liquid 
|  quality — cool  in  colour,  but  with  a  luscious- 
nosa  as  of  wine.  Further  on  Turner's  blond 
Aysgarth  Force  (11)  lias  a  delicacy  of  surface 
which  makes  the  surrounding  drawings  look 
heavy  and  dull,  though  in  the  'I'lnt'rn  Abttcy 
(20),  by  E.  Dayos,  this  dullness  Is  not  without 
charm.  Sleaford  (23)  is  another  f^ood  Do 
Wint,  very  natural  and  spontaneous; 
while  David  Cox  is  well  represented  by 
Tending  Sheep  (34),  wherein  the  blue  sky 
which  is  almost  Cox's  trade-mark  is,  for 
the  nonce,  aptly  supported  by  the  rich, 
involved  colour  of  a  well-painted  middle 
distance.  This  work  altogether  is  strong 
and  well  knit,  but  the  eeneral  character 
of  the  pictures  on  this  wall  is  laboured  and 
perfunctory,  and  it  is  something  of  a  relief 
to  come  on  the  earlier  and  more  primitive 
art  of  Paul  Sandby.  The  Eagle  Tower, 
Carnarvon  Castle  (41),  is  confessedly  a  hard, 
matter-of-fact  architectural  drawing  ;  but 
the  detail  of  distance  with  a  sailing  ship 
on  the  left  is  beautiful  in  its  pale  simplicity. 
Fulham  (42)  has  no  passage  so  charming, 
but  is  lightly  and  directly  done  throughout, 
in  a  way  winch  implies  great  powers  of 
free  draughtsmanship. 

The  end  wall  is  hung  with  continental 
work  ranged  on  each  side  of  a  small  group 
of  English  drawings,  of  which  the  Common 
near  Haslemere,  by  T.  Collier  (52),  is  the  best. 
Cecil  Lawson's  TheDoone  Valley  (59)  is  strong 
in  melodramatic  fashion  ;  but  his  other 
drawings  are  very  common.  The  continental 
work  doas  not  reach  the  finest  quality, 
except  an  exquisite  study  by  Harpignies, 
Moulin  a  Herisson,  Allier  (68).  The  fresh- 
ness and  limpid  clarity  here  achieved  by  the 
artist,  his  affectionate  insistence  on  locality 
(involving  for  once  no  sacrifice  of  larger 
truth),  are  beyond  praise.  Apparently  it 
is  the  simplest  thing  in  the  world,  but  the 
scale  of  silvery  greys  and  subtly  varied 
greens  is  wider  and  more  complex  than  at 
first  appears.  A  cattle  piece  by  Mauve 
(47)  and  an  interior  by  Neuhuys  (50)  are 
too  tight  and  careful  to  be  typical,  though 
they  are  far  from  bad  examples  of  their 
respective  painters  ;  and  there  is  a  modest 
and  excellent  little  drawing  by  Bosboom  (63). 
Lewis's  famous  Frank  Encampment  in 
the  Desert  of  Mount  Sinai  (85)  offers  a  singular 
contrast  to  these  unelaborated  studies. 
Ruskin's  laudation  of  it  was  not  extravagant 
if  we  are  to  judge  of  an  artist's  position  by 
his  power  of  subordinating  detail,  for  the 
picture  is  a  technical  marvel  in  this  respect 
— in  the  infinite  delicacy  of  modulation 
with  which  a  world  of  detail  is  rendered  in 
what  is  so  nearly  a  flat  tone.  But  the  painter 
does  not  use  this  technical  power  for  any 
purpose  of  fine  design.  The  general  silhouette 
of  his  group  emerges  clearly  enough,  but 
it  is  a  small  and  frittered  pattern,  without 
nobility  in  its  proportions  or  compellng  pur- 
pose underlying  its  structure.  While,  how- 
ever, the  '  Encampment '  can  thus  hardly 
claim  a  place  among  great  pictures — while, 
looking  at  certain  of  the  pictures  around  it, 
we  may  feel  that  Lewis's  purpose  is  less  purely 
artistic  than  that  of  the  typical  English 
or  continental  master  of  water  colour — - 
only  a  narrow  theorist  could  judge  him  as 
a  lesser  painter.  We  cannot  look  without 
admiration  on  certain  passages  of  execution 
in  his  picture,  as,  for  instance,  the  distant 
village   and    rubbly    hillside   wluch,    for   all 


No.  4194,  March  14,  1908 


THE    ATHEN.EUM 


329 


its  elaboration,  makes  so  simple  a  back- 
ground of  empty  air  for  the  group  of  silver 
vessols  in  the  centre  of  the  picture. 

Another  drawing  of  considerable  merit 
in  parts  is  Sir  John  Gilbert's  Sir  Andrew 
Aguecheek  twites  a  Challenge  (98).  Here 
the  alley  of  trees  behind  the  knight  is  an 
example  of  frank  convention  which  is  yet 
expressive  and  beautiful.  The  figure  of  the 
knight  is  expressive,  too,  in  more  theatrical 
fashion  ;  but  the  other  personages  of  tho 
tableau  might  be  by  another  hand,  so  in- 
ferior are  they  from  the  point  of  view  alike 
of  the  stylist  and  the  observer. 

There  remain  two  screens,  upon  which 
we  find  a  study  of  a  child — accomplished 
in  execution,  if  commonplace  in  design — 
by  William  Hunt  (193)  ;  some  trivial  little 
pictures  by  Birket  Foster  ;  and  an  excellent 
Prout,  Okehampton  (124),  in  which,  as  is 
frequently  the  case,  he  is  6een  to  much 
greater  advantage  than  in  the  more  mannered 
work  foolishly  prized  as  typical.  The 
screens  also  display  what,  along  with  the 
Harpignies  and  the  Lewis,  constitute  the 
gems  of  the  collection — three  fine  drawings 
by  Girtin  and  some  wonderful  work  of 
Turner's.  Glamis  Castle  (131),  impressive 
as  it  is,  is  a  little  spoilt  by  a  sort  of  trimming 
of  mechanically  broken  line  ;  the  Old  Water 
Mill  (130)  is  a  full-toned,  vigorous  painting  ; 
but  St.  Agatha's  Abbey,  Easby  (123),  is  the 
drawing  which  shows  Girtin  at  his  best, 
almost  Oriental  in  his  loyalty  to  a  single 
mood — to  one  deep  chord  of  colour  firmly 
struck.  Here  we  have  all  the  advantages, 
and  none  of  the  drawbacks,  of  tho  traditional 
use  of  water-colour.  Girtin  is  a  flattering 
representative  of  the  British  water-colourist's 
convention.  Turner  is  not  a  representative 
at  all,  except  in  one  or  two  early  drawings, 
charming  in  the  manner  of  Sandby — Christ 
Church  and  Corpus  Christi,  Oxford  (106), 
and  Near  Dover  (111).  He  is  far  too  clever. 
He  represents  the  divine  discontent  of  rest- 
less genius  which  is  always  inventing  new 
methods,  rather  than  the  classic  restraint 
of  the  man  bent  upon  perfecting  tho  beauty 
inherent  in  a  simple  process,  and  distrustful 
of  strange  alloys.  The  artificial  brilliance 
of  Arona,  Lago  Maggiore  (166),  with  its 
exquisite  passage  of  dainty  figures  in  a 
silvery  pool  of  shade,  shares  the  honours 
with  the  Kiisnacht,  Lake  of  Lucerne  (173), 
which  is  more  perfectly  balanced,  and  an 
even  more  copious  encyclopaedia  of  the 
shifts  and  dodges  of  the  water-colour 
painter.  This,  we  suppose,  is  what  ama- 
teurs would  like  to  be  taught  when  they 
take  lessons  in  water-colour  painting  ;  but 
how  unbearable  it  would  be  in  lessor  hands  ! 
how  wanting  in  technical  simplicity  and 
intrinsic  calm  !  The  work,  indeed,  conquers 
us  somewhat  as  Rostand's  '  Cyrano '  con- 
quers— by  quantity,  by  a  brilliance  pressing 
at  every  point  and  not  to  be  denied. 

Turner  wns  an  innovator  in  a  medium 
tho  typical  exponents  of  which  have  usually 
sot  a  high  value  on  conservatism,  but  have 
rarely  shown  that  quality  in  its  most  aristo- 
cratic phase.  They  wore  adroit  and  capable 
craftsmen,  but  it  is  misleading  to  call  thorn 
great,  and  unjust  to  set  thorn  on  a  pinnacle 
at  too  considerable  a  height  from  tho  ablest 
men  of  to-day.  The  best  work  of  Mr.  Alfred 
Rich  (now  being  shown  at  the  Now  English 
Art  Club  Gallorios  off  Bond  Street)  is  little 
inferior,  if  at  all,  to  that  of  "  the  masters 
of  the  English  Water-Colour  School."  Ho 
has  not  the  force  that  Cox  occasionally 
possessed,  but  is  more  intelligent  and  more 
master  of  his  hand,  loss  a  slave  to  habit. 
Do  Wint  is  the  pnintor  he  is  most  like, 
or  Bonington  in  a  much  narrower  field  than 
that  of  the  most  representative  water-colour 
painter  of  them  all.  Bonington's  work 
is   the   very    acme   of   lightness   and    spon- 


taneity, but  for  all  that  is  sadly  professional, 
and  full  of  the  tricks  of  the  trade.  Mr.  Rich 
shows  the  same  feature,  admirable  artist 
as  he  is.  The  Barbican,  Lewes  (86),  is 
wonderfully  clear,  dexterous,  brilliant — and 
artificial :  it  might  have  been  done  by 
Bonington.  The  Sandpit  (102)  has  just 
De  Wint's  lush,  easy  flood  of  colour.  Lan- 
cing College  (97)  and  Hurstpier point  (109) 
are  more  definitely  new  departures  of  a 
personal  kind.  Aspen  Poplars  (77),  which 
has  a  good  deal  of  rather  self-conscious 
grace,  indicates  a  direction  in  which  there 
is  the  possibility  of  much  development. 

These  remarks  should  not  be  taken  as 
indicating  other  than  high  appreciation 
of  this  exhibition,  which  is  an  oasis  of 
refreshment  among  the  many  dull  collections 
through  which  the  art-critic  diligently 
plods.  It  shows  a  great  advance  in  Mr. 
Rich's  art,  and  a  large  proportion  of  the 
works  exhibited  are  of  distinguished  merit. 


THE   DUBLIN   MUNICIPAL   GALLERY 
OF    MODERN    ART. 

Theke  is  much  of  elusive  beauty  which 
is  beyond  the  power  of  analysis  in  the 
modern  pictures  at  Dublin.  Look,  for 
instance,  at  the  Corots  which  hang  in  a  line 
along  the  Barbizon  Room.  These  twilight 
skies,  these  meadows  damp  with  the  dews 
of  dawn,  these  canvases  with  their  melodious 
rhythms  of  blue  and  violet  and  green,  over 
which  an  opal  mist  floats  dimly — what  have 
they  to  do  with  the  concrete  words  and 
phrases  in  which  we  must  clothe  our  im- 
pressions ?  We  are  conscious  of  a  sense 
of  the  inadequacy  of  language,  when  we 
are  face  to  face  with  these  revelations  of 
beauty. 

The  quality  of  suggestiveness  is  charac- 
teristic of  many  of  the  pictures  in  the  new 
gallery.  Pictures  have  been  chosen  else- 
where for  many  reasons  :  for  the  interest 
of  their  subject,  or  because  the  painter  was 
a  "  local  man,"  or  because  they  were 
necessary  links  in  a  chain,  or  because  they 
had  a  definite  educational  value  for  the 
artist.  In  Dublin  they  appear  to  have 
been  chosen  for  their  own  sake  alone — 
because  they  were  beautiful  works  of  art. 

It  is  this,  perhaps,  that  gives  the  collection 
a  certain  homogeneity,  in  spite  of  its  wide 
scope.  One  is  aware  of  the  influence  of 
a  certain  restraint,  a  fastidious  eclecticism 
which  has  rejected  extremes  in  all  schools  ; 
and  hence,  though  almost  every  artistic 
movement  of  the  past  fifty  years  is  repre- 
sented, there  is  an  air  of  repose  which  is 
often  lacking  in  exhibitions  of  the  work 
of  contemporary  painters. 

Much  is  due  to  tho  hanging.  The  aesthetic 
judgmont  of  the  Hon.  Director  lias  enabled 
him  to  avoid  pitfalls,  and  he  has  shown 
almost  as  much  discrimination  in  the  ar- 
rangement of  tho  rooms  as  in  tho  choice 
of  tho  pictures.  Tho  collection  is  tempo- 
rarily housed  in  one  of  tho  famous  Goorgian 
mansions  of  Dublin,  in  which  tho  richly 
decorated  ceilings  and  plaques  in  low  relief 
form  an  admirablo  oxamplo  of  Dublin 
stucco-work  of  tho  bost  period. 

In  tho  topmost  rooms  are  tho  drawings, 
tho  wator-colours,  and  the  etchings — studios 
by  Corot,  Millet,  and  Segantini  ;  joyous 
impressions  of  tho  South  by  Brabazon  ; 
grave  etchings  by  M.  Legros  and  Mr.  Strang. 
In  one  of  tho  drawing-rooms,  where  the 
light  is  brightest,  aro  hung  the  French 
Impressionists  and  a  representative  series 
of  works  by  Mancini.  Tho  adjoining  room 
is  principally  dovotod  to  tho  Barbizon 
School  ;  downstairs  aro  tho  pictures  by 
British  artists,  amongst  whom  tho  Irishmen  ' 


form  an  important  group  ;  while  the  sculp- 
ture— a  small,  but  highly  interesting  collec- 
tion of  bronzes  by  M.  Rodin,  Messrs.  J.  H.  M. 
Furso,  Barye,  John  Hughes,  and  others — 
is  in  the  Conservatory. 

Mr.  Hugh  Lane  has  been  ruthless  in  his 
exclusions,  except,  perhaps,  in  the  case  of 
Mancini,  who  is  seen  in  all  his  moods  and 
all  the  stages  of  his  development.  In  the 
eight  examples  here  we  have  Mancini 
when  he  painted  like  Stevens,  Mancini  of 
ten  years  ago,  and  Mancini  as  he  paints 
to-day.  In  the  same  room  with  the  Man- 
cinis  is  an  alluring  Renoir,  '  Les  Para- 
phues,'  said  to  be  the  favourite  work  of 
the  painter,  and  the  one  on  which  he  has 
worked  most.  It  is  wonderfully  simple 
and  wonderfully  realistic — a  fresh  and 
vivid  presentation  of  a  group  of  Parisians 
in  a  shower  of  rain,  graceful  in  line,  and 
satisfying  in  colour.  Near  it  hang  two  fine 
Monets  :  the  '  Waterloo  Bridge,'  a  symphony 
in  a  key  of  blue  and  grey,  full  of  tempera- 
ment, sensitive  and  suggestive  ;  and  the 
dazzlingly  brilliant  '  Vetheuil,'  in  which 
the  snow  glitters  with  a  white  radiance 
through  the  sun -steeped  tones. 

By  Manet  there  are  two  superb  works  : 
his  famous  '  Concert  in  the  Tuileries  Garden,' 
in  which  the  elegance  of  the  Second  Empire 
gives  occasion  for  some  delightful  variations 
in  tones  of  brown  and  grey  and  pale  yellow  ; 
and  the  '  Portrait  of  Eva  Gonzales,'  which 
is  certainly  one  of  the  most  beautiful,  if 
it  is  not  one  of  the  most  characteristic, 
of  his  portraits  of  women.  Manet  is  the 
most  direct  of  painters,  but  he  has  managed 
to  convey  in  this  portrait,  with  its  noble 
and  simple  design,  a  sense  of  mystery  and 
elusiveness. 

To    appreciate    the   two   Mancinis   which 
hang  on  either  side  of  the  Gonzales  portrait 
one  must  undergo  a  change  of  mood.     Man- 
cini, who  loves  a  rather  theatrical  "  arrange- 
ment," at  first  sight  may  seem,  to  the  ej'e 
attuned  to  the  severer  lines  of  Manet  and 
his  predecessors,   to  overload   his  canvases, 
and  play  off  colour  against  colour,  till  the 
value  of  line  is  lost  in  the  exuberance  of  the 
mass.     To   the  Mancini  enthusiast,  on   the 
other  hand,  Mile.  Gonzales,  with  her  exqui- 
sitely modolled  arms  and  delicately  painted 
white    gown,  may  appear  a  little    flat    and 
over-pictorial  ;    but  the    man    who    instinc- 
tively likes    Mancini    will    be    conscious    of 
his  qualities,  not  his  defects.     These  quali- 
ties    are,     besides      his      gorgeous    colour, 
a     wonderful     intensity    and    accuracy     of 
observation,    and    a    power     of     conveying 
a    senso    of    depth     and    of    mass    which 
few    modern     painters     attain.       Wo     have 
to  go  back  to  the  great  names  of  tho  past — 
to  Rembrandt  and  Velasquez — for  a  standard 
of  comparison  for  this  artist.     He  is,   how  - 
ever,  at  his  host  when  he  is  most  restrained, 
and  when  his  delight  in  brightly  coloured 
flowers   and   bric-a-brac   is    hold    in    chock  : 
for  this  reason  tho  portrait  of  the  Marchose 
del   Grillo  is  more  satisfying  as  a  work   of 
art  than  the  portrait  of  Mr.   Lane,  brilliant 
and    daring    though     <ho    latter     is.      'The 
Figure-Maker,'    a    portrait    of    the    artist's 
father,    presented    to   the  Gallery   by   Mr. 
Sargent,    is    a    further    admirable    example 
of  this  painter's  work. 

Amongst  the  other  pictures  in  tin's  room 
which  call  for  special  mention  are  a  finely 
drawn  head  of  a  poasnnt  woman  by  Degas, 
a  work  full  of  distinction  ;  a  still-life  study 
by  Vuillard.  delightful  in  colour:  and  '  The 
Village  at  Twilight.'  a  beautiful  example 
of  tho  expressive  and  highly  personal  art 
of  M.  le  Sidaner. 

Passing  to  the  adjoining  room,  we  find 
over  tho  mantelpiece  a  larijo  decoration 
by  Puvis,  'The  Beheading  of  St.  John  the 
Baptist,'   an   unfinished  study  for  his  larger 


:;:in 


T  II  K     ATIIKNjEUM 


No.  4194,  March  14,  1908 


work  on  this  subj.x-t.  It  is  loss  interesting 
than  the  null  piotwe  by  him,  '  The  Toilot,' 
a  Mmi-node  figure  of  a  woman,  superbly 
laodolhHl,  without  austerity,  but  with  a 
QOble  simplicity  of  lino.  By  Daumior  there 
is  a  beautiful  end  original  work,  'Don 
Quixote  and  Sancho  l'anza  '  ;  by  Diaz  a 
glowing  little  canvas,  'The  Offspring  of 
Love,'  rich  and  sensuous  as  a  picturo  by 
one  of  the  old  Venetians  ;  by  Fantin,  a 
portrait  of  himself,  which  captivates  us  no 
less  than  his  haunting  fiowor  pieces,  of 
which  there  are  three  in  the  collection. 

Many  visitors  to  the  Gallory  will  rejoico 
to  find  here  threo  examples  of  Monticelli's 
work.  His  touch,  which  seems  light  as  a 
butterfly's  wing,  has  nevertheless  an  exact 
precision  ;  and  time,  in  fusing  his  colours, 
is  already  justifying  his  prophecy,  "  Moi, 
je  peins  pour  cinquante  ans  apres  moi." 

The  group  of  small  pictures  by  Corot 
(ten  in  number)  includes  examples  of  his 
early  work,  his  middle  or  Italian  period, 
and  his  later  and  more  characteristic  style. 
They  comprise  the  beautiful  '  Avignon ' 
and  '  Marseilles  Harbour '  ;  also  a  study 
of  a  woman  resting  which  is  of  special 
interest,  as  figure  studies  by  this  painter 
are  rarely  seen  out  of  France.  Three  fine 
examples  of  the  strenuous  art  of  Courbet ; 
a  well-known  Rousseau — a  moonlight  scene 
in  the  forest  of  Fontainebleau,  with  some 
children  bathing  ;  a  delicately  painted 
paysage  by  Harpignies  ;  a  Troyon,  and  a 
Barye,  complete  the  group  of  French  land- 
scape artists. 

By  Stevens  there  is  his  exquisitely 
painted  interior  '  The  Present,'  with  a  seated 
figure  of  a  lady  reading  a  letter  ;  and  by 
Mauve  a  little  windstrewn  landscape,  slight 
in  subject,  but  beautiful  in  treatment. 

The  English  schools  are  represented  no 
less  fully  than  the  French.  Mr.  Wilson 
Steer  finds  in  the  Dublin  Gallery  the  recog- 
nition which  his  work  has  lacked  in  Eng- 
land ;  honour  has  also  been  done  to  the  work 
of  the  late  James  Charles.  There  are 
examples  of  Whistler  and  of  Watts,  Stott 
of  Oldham  and  Holloway  ;  Simeon  Solomon, 
Mr.  Charles  Shannon,  Mr.  Charles  Ricketts, 
and  Mr.  Conder.  But  a  mere  enumeration 
of  names  and  titles  fatigues  the  reader 
without  enlightening  him,  and  I  have  dwelt 
so  long  on  the  foreign  pictures  that  I  have 
no  space  to  do  justice  to  the  varied  and 
attractive  collection  of  modern  English 
and  Irish  pictures  which  Mr.  Lane  has  begged 
and  bought  for  Dublin.  Nor  can  I  do  more 
than  allude  to  the  drawings,  water-colours, 
and  etchings,  over  a  hundred  in  number  ; 
the  collection  of  sculpture,  which  includos 
five  bronzes  by  M.  Rodin  ;  and  the  interest- 
ing series  of  portraits  of  contemporary 
Irishmen  and  Irishwomen,  many  of  which 
were  painted  specialty  for  the  Gallery  by 
Signor  Mancini,  Mr.  J.  B.  Yeats,  and  Mr. 
William  Orpen. 

Dublin  has  now  a  Gallery  of  Modern 
Art  which  will  bear  comparison  with  any 
similar  collection  anywhere  in  the  world. 
For  this  gift  it  owes  much  to  the  self-sacrifice 
and  entlmsiasm  of  the  Committee  who  so 
loyally  supported  the  scheme,  and  without 
whose  help  in  inaugurating  a  fund  for  the 
purchase  of  pictures  it  could  never  have 
been  accomplished.  The  names  of  Mr. 
Dermod  O'Brien,  and  Mr.  Richard  Orpen, 
the  Hon.  Treasurer  and  Hon.  Secretary  of 
that  Committee,  upon  whom  has  fallen 
the  groator  part  of  the  work,  should  be 
remembered  with  gratitude  by  citizens 
of  Dublin.  But  most  of  all  does  this 
Gallery  owe  its  existence  to  the  indomitable 
energy  and  constant  generosity  of  its  Hon. 
Director,  Mr.  Hugh  P.  Lane.  "  La  meil- 
leuro  louango  du  donateur  n'est-elle  pas 
son    donation    meme  ?  "     This   is    certainly 


true   in    the   case   of   the   Dublin    Municipal 
Gallery  of  Modern  Art.  E.  D. 


ALLIED    ARTISTS'    ASSOCIATION. 

Mv  attention  has  been  called  to  a  para- 
graph in  your  columns  on  February  29th 
concerning  this  Association,  wlrich  con- 
tained certain  statements  which  are  not 
quite  correct.  So  far  as  its  exhibitions  are 
concerned,  the  Association  has  modelled 
its  rules  more  upon  the  Societe  des  Artistes 
Independants  than  the  Salon  d'Automne, 
and  it  is  incorrect  to  say  that  any  one 
of  theso  tliree  societies  has  dono  away  with, 
or  contemplates  the  abandonment  of,  the 
Hanging  Committee.  What  the  Independ- 
ants in  France  have  done,  and  what  the 
new  Association  here  proposes  to  do,  is 
to  dispense  with  the  Selecting  Jury,  the 
first  aim  of  either  body  being  to  afford 
independent  artists  the  opportunity  of 
submitting  their  work  to  the  public  without 
restrictions.  The  exhibition  will  be  ar- 
ranged by  a  Hanging  Committee  of  not  less 
than  forty,  elected  by  all  exhibitors,  and 
every  endeavour  will  be  made  to  secure 
sympathetic  groupment. 

It  is  true  that  among  the  founder  members 
are  "  many  who  are  prominent  among  our 
younger  artists" — such  as  Mr.  Walter 
Crane,  for  example — but  I  beg  leave  to 
state  that  the  Association  makes  no  restric- 
tions with  regard  to  age,  and,  aiming  to 
be  national  and  catholic,  has  welcomed,  and 
will  welcome,  in  its  midst  artists  of  all  ages 
and  all  opinions.  Particulars  may  be 
obtained  from  the  Secretary,  67  and  69, 
Chancery  Lane,  W.  C. 

Frank  Rutter, 
Secretary  of  the  Allied  Artists'  Association. 


Jiiu-Arl  (BoBsip. 


SALE. 

Messrs.    Christie    sold    last     Saturday    the 
following  works,  the  property  of  Mr.  C.  J.  Dickins 
and    the  late   Mr.    R.    E.   Tatham  : — Drawings  : 
Turner,     Constance,     2,310/.  ;    Windsor     Castle, 
1,7851.  ;  Carnarvon  Castle,   1,018/.  ;  Zurich,   714/. 
Sir  E.  Burne- Jones,  Love  among  the  Ruins.  1,653/. 
W.  Hunt,  Too  Hot,  767/.  ;  Plums  and  Greengages, 
136/.     G.    J.    Pinwell,    The    Great    Lady,    472/. 
Prout,  The  Entrance  to  Chartres  Cathedral,  483/. 
T.  M.   Richardson,  Naples,  388/.     C.  Robertson, 
The  Mosque   Door,   Lower   Egypt,   273/.     D.    G. 
Rossetti,  Lady  Lilith,  441/.     Sir  L.  Alma  Tadema, 
A  Bacchante,  357/.     D.  Cox,  Lymne  Castle,  Kent, 
a  peasant  and  horses  near  a  pond  in  the  foreground, 
252/.     F.  Dicksee,  Memories,  141/.     Sir  J.  Gilbert, 
The  Standard  -Bearer,  220/.  H.  G.  Hine,  Folkington 
Hill,    Sussex,  283/.     F.  Walker,  The  Harbour  of 
Refuge,    2,709/.  ;     The     Violet     Field,     1,6S0/.  ; 
The   Beehives,  577/.  ;  Blackberry-gatherers,   147/. 
P.  De  Wint,  Lincoln,  a  view  of    the   town   and 
cathedral  from  the  river,   1,102/.     H.  Allingham, 
On    the   Brook   Road    to  Hindhead,   71/.     G.    L. 
Bulleid,  A  Tanagra  Image-Seller,  71/.     B.  Bradley, 
On  the  Moors,  54/.     T.  S.  Cooper,  Five  Cows  in  a 
Meadow :  Evening,   52/.     L.   P.    Smythe,   Among 
the  Brambles,  67/.     W.  L.  Wyllie,  Toil,  Glitter, 
Grime,   and    Wealth    on    a    Flowing    Tide,    7S/. 
Pictures:  E.     Ellis,     Whitby,      120/.     E.     Blair 
Leighton,    The   Gladiator's  Wife,    136/.     W.    L. 
Wyllie,  Storm  and  Sunshine :  a  Battle  with  the 
Elements,   120/.  ;  Springtime  in  the   Hunched   of 
Hoo,   105/.     C.    Stanfield,    St.  Michael's    Mount, 
fishing-boats  coming  into  port,   173/.     W.  Midler, 
Carrying  the  Hay,  Showery  Weather,  Valley  of 
Gillingham    in    the   distance,    357/.       A.  Mauve, 
On  the  Scheldt,  a  group  of  cows  and  calves  on  the 

bank  of  the  river,  892/.  Millais,  Orphans,  1,617/. 
F.  Walker,  The  Old  Gate,  1,575/.  G.  Mason,  The 
Gander,  1,995/.     Seymour  Lucas,  The  Roundelay, 

136/.     J.  Linnell,  sen.,  The  Timber  Waggon,  525/. 


Four  pictures  bequeathed  by  Mr.  Henry 
Callcott  Brurming  have  just  been  added 
to  the  National  Gallory.  Three  are  by 
P.  Neeffs,  and  are  entitled  '  Interior  of  a 
Classic  Church '  (No.  2205),  '  Vesper-  ' 
(No.  2206),  and  '  After  Vespers'  (No.  2207). 
The  fourth  is  H.  Steenwyck's  '  Interior  of  a 
Gothic  Church  '  (No.  2204).  They  hang  on 
the  north  and  south  walls  of  Room  XI. 

The  death  is  announced  at  Avignon  of 
Paul  Sain,  the  French  artist,  at  the  age  of 
fifty-four.  A  native  of  Avignon,  and  de- 
votedly attached  to  the  place  of  liis  birth. 
Sain  was  happiest  in  his  pictures  of  the 
ancient  city  of  the  Popes,  with  its  historic 
ruins  and  romantic  environs,  and  in  his 
views  of  the  Rhone.  Occasionally  he  sought 
inspiration  in  the  picturesque  Ile-de-France. 
He  studied  art  under  Gorome,  and  was  a 
member  of  the  Societe  des  Artistes  Francais. 
A  regular  exhibitor  of  landscapes  and 
portraits  at  the  Salon  for  a  quarter  of  a 
century,  he  obtained  medals  in  1886,  1889, 
1893,  and  1900. 

There  has  been  added  to  the  collection 
in  the  Scottish  National  Gallery  '  The 
Adoration  of  the  Magi,'  belonging  to  the 
early  Sienese  School  ;  '  Christ  on  the  Road 
to  Calvary,  ascribed  to  the  School  of  Benozzo 
Gozzoli  ;  '  The  Halt  ;  or,  the  Wayside  Inn,' 
by  Isaac  van  Ostade  ;  and  '  A  Young  Bo- 
hemian,' by  the  late  Thomas  Graham. 

The  death  is  reported  from  Berlin  of 
Capt.  W.  von  Marees,  whose  topographical 
work  in  connexion  with  the  German  ex- 
cavations at  Miletus,  Didyma,  and  else- 
where is  highly  valued  by  students  of 
archaeology.  He  was  associated  with  Prof. 
Dorpfeld  in  the  excavations  at  Leukas, 
and  made  an  excellent  map  of  that  island. 

The  talented  sculptor  Prof.  Ernst  Hotten- 
roth,  who  has  died  in  his  fortieth  year 
at  Dresden,  was  most  successful  in  archi- 
tectural sculpture,  and  the  decorations 
which  he  designed  for  various  important 
buildings  in  Berlin  and  Dresden  are  much 
admired. 

We  may  call  attention  to  the  Architec- 
tural and  Topographical  Society,  which 
has  been  founded  to  make  and  publish  a 
survey  of  objects  of  architectural  and 
archaeological  interest  in  the  British  Islands. 
It  is  proposed  to  collect,  and  keep  for  refer- 
ence in  the  offices  of  the  Society,  measured 
drawings,  sketches,  and  photographs,  &c. 
The  publications  of  the  Society  will  include 
a  quarterly  journal,  Tlie  Architectural  and 
Topographical  Record.  Each  issue  will  con- 
tain minute  descriptions  of  ancient  buildings, 
heraldry,  and  cognate  matters.  The  speci- 
men sent  us  of  the  Record  is  very  satisfactory, 
and  we  hope  that  the  Society  will  be  widely 
supported.  The  address  of  the  Hon.  Secre- 
tary, Mr.  Wilfrid  Travers,  is  33,  Old  Queen 
Street,  Westminster. 

An  exliibition  of  tapestries,  hangings, 
wall-papers,  books,  &c,  illustrating  the  life 
and  work  of  William  Morris,  is  being 
arranged  in  the  Nicholson  Institute  at  Leek, 
North  Staffordshire,  where  Morris  learnt  how 
to  dye  his  fabrics.  The  exhibition  will  open 
on  Monday  next,  and  close  on  the  24th  inst. 


EXHIBITIONS. 
Sat.  (March  14'.— Camera  Pictures  by   Alvin  Langdoti  Coburn  and 

Baron  de  Merer.  Private  View.  Goupil  Gallery. 
—       Landscape  and  Figure  Subjects  in   Pastel  by  A.  L.  Baldry. 

Private  View,  Ryder  Gallery. 
Mm.     Flower  Gardens  ami  Scenes  in  Sunny  Lands.  Water-Coloura  by 

the    Baroness  Helga  von    Cramin.  Private    View,    Messrs. 

Graves  s  Galleries. 
Wi.i..     Third  Annual  Exhibition  of  Flower  Paintings,  and  Drawings 

bv  various  Artists,  Private  View,  Baillie  Gallery. 
Sat.  (March  ail.— Pictures  and  Drawings    by  a  Group   of    Artists 

Private  View,  Goupil  Gallery. 


No.  4194,  March  14,  1908 


THE    ATHENiEUM 


331 


MUSIC 


OUR    LIBRARY    TABLE. 

VArte  Musicale  in  Italia  (XIV.  Secolo 
al  XVIII.).—  Vols.  VI.  and  VII.  Secolo 
XVII.  (Milan,  G.  Ricordi.)— When  the 
importance  of  the  art  of  music  in  Italy 
during  the  seventeenth  century  is  under 
consideration,  it  must  not  be  forgotten  that 
Willaert,  who  is  regarded  as  the  founder 
of  the  Venetian  School,  was  born  in  Flanders; 
wliile  the  great  Frescobaldi,  who  nourished 
during  the  first  half  of  that  century,  went 
to  Flanders  for  a  time,  and  published  his 
first  work  at  Antwerp.  Yet,  after  due  allow- 
ance is  made  for  foreign  influence,  the  birth 
•of  opera  during  the  early  part  of  the  century 
was  an  event  of  which  the  glory  belongs 
specially  to  Italy.  In  other  branches  of 
the  art,  however,  many  remarkable  works 
were  written  by  Italian  composers,  and  two 
notable  instances  may  be  quoted  in  proof 
of  the  inuuence  they  exerted  over  foreign 
composers  :  Bach  arranged  no  fewer  than 
sixteen  concertos  by  Vivaldi,  and  in  other 
ways  showed  his  interest  in  Italian  music  ; 
while  Purcell's  admiration  for  it  is  clearly 
expressed  in  the  preface  to  his  '  Sonnata'sof 
III.  Parts,'  published  in  1683. 

The  first  of  the  volumes  before  us  includes 
three  works  of  interest  and  importance. 
One  is  Jacopo  Peri's  '  Euridice,'  libretto 
by  Rinuccini,  a  work  commissioned  for  public 
performance  on  the  occasion  of  the  marriage 
•of  Henry  IV.  of  France  with  Maria  de' 
Medici  in  1600.  Already  in  1594  Peri  had 
written  an  opera,  '  La  Dafne,'  which,  un- 
fortunately, is  lost.  A  hasty  perusal  of 
the  music  of  '  Euridice '  would  lead  one  to 
consider  it  somewhat  monotonous ;  and 
even  after  one  has  carefully  studied  it,  that 
criticism  would  still  apply  to  certain  por- 
tions ;  but  the  dignified  '  Prologue '  is  in 
itself  sufficient  to  show  that  the  composer 
was  seeking,  by  what  limited  means  were 
at  his  command,  to  intensify  the  meaning 
of  the  words.  This  aim  is  still  more  evident 
in  the  remarkable  passage  in  which  Orpheus 
gives  vent  to  his  despair  on  being  informed 
by  Dafne  of  the  death  of  Euridice :  this,  indeed , 
is  quoted  by  Sir  Hubert  Parry  in  the  third 
volume  of  '  The  Oxford  History  of  Music' 
The  second  work  is  '  Combatimento  di 
Tancredi  et  Clorinde,'  poem  by  Torquato 
Tasso,  music  by  Claudio  Monteverde, 
written  for  some  festivities  which  took 
place  at  the  Palace  of  Girolamo  Mozzenigo 
in  1624  ;  and  the  third,  '  II  Ballo  delle 
Ingrate '  ;  and  in  the  history  of  opera  the 
first  two,  especially,  are  of  commanding 
interest.  The  pianoforte  accompaniments 
of  the  learned  editor,  Signor  Torchi, 
able  as  they  aro,  cannot,  of  course, 
reproduce  the-  colouring  of  the  orchestration 
either  of  Peri  or  of  Monteverde,  the  latter 
of  which  was  so  characteristic,  any  more 
than  the  cleverest  pianoforte  scores  of 
Wagner' 8  music-dramas  can  give  a  real 
idea  of  the  full  scoros.  Besides  the  printed 
notes  of  these  old  oporas  aro,  after  all,  only 
the  body  of  the  music  ;  for  proper  apprecia- 
tion it  would  have  to  be  re-created  by  groat 
dramatic  artists. 

In  tho  second  of  the  interesting  volumes 
before  us  we  havo  chamber  music  by  various 
composers.  Biaggio  Marini,  who  flourished 
<luring  tho  first  half  of  tho  seventeenth 
century,  wrote  sonatas  for  one,  two,  and 
throe  violins  with  basso  continuo  ;  also 
Correnti,  Gagliarde,  Ballotti,  &c,  all  of 
which  aro  romarkablo  for  their  rhythmic 
life  and  their  charm  and  freshnoss.  Thon 
thero  aro  two  sonatas  for  violin  and  basso 
continuo,  of  stately,  yet  not  stiff  character, 
by  G.  B.  Fontana,  who  had  tho  reputation 


of  being  one  of  the  chief  violin  virtuosi  in 
Italy.  Martino  Pesenti,  "  cieco  anativitate," 
is  represented  by  two  delightful  movements 
for  violin,  a  '  Corrente  e  Gagliarda.'  Nine 
short  movements  for  two  violins  and 
violone  by  G.  B.  Vitali  (father,  according  to 
Eitner,  of  Tomaso  Antonio  Vitali)  are  most 
attractive.  There  are  other  compositions 
by  Andrea  Falconiero,  Marco  Uccellini,  and 
G.  B.  Bassano,  whom  Purcell  is  said  to  have 
taken  as  a  model.  Of  all  these  composi- 
tions the  pianoforte  part  has  been  evolved 
from  the  figured  bass  by  the  editor,  Luigi 
Torchi,  with  rare  skill,  though  here  and  there 
occur  harmonies  and  doubling  of  parts  which 
seem  to  us  somewhat  too  modern. 


#tii5iral  (gossip. 

A  new  String  Quartet  by  Sir  Charles 
Stanford,  written  in  remembrance  of  Dr. 
Joachim,  and  based  upon  a  theme  in  the 
violinist's  Romance  in  b  flat,  was  produced 
at  the  Broadwood  Concert  at  the  iEolian  Hall 
on  Thursday  evening  of  last  week.  In  his 
treatment  of  the  thematic  material  the  com- 
poser exhibits  remarkable  ingenuity.  The 
most  effective  section  of  the  work  is  the  slow 
movement,  in  the  style  of  an  elegy,  which  is 
deeply  expressive  and  charged  with  emotion. 
This  quartet,  marked  Op.  104,  was  interpreted 
by  the  Kruse  Quartet. 

It  is  much  to  be  regretted  that  Sir  Hubert 
Parry  should  have  been  compelled,  by  reason 
of  ill-health,  to  resign  the  Professorship  of 
Music  at  Oxford  University.  Always  a  man 
of  great  energy,  the  distinguished  musician 
has  been  putting  too  great  a  strain  upon 
himself.  His  numerous  friends  and  admirers 
hope  that  with  the  complete  rest  which 
has  been  prescribed  for  him  his  health 
may  be  re-established.  No  decision  has  yet 
been  made  with  regard  to  his  successor  at 
Oxford,  but  it  may  bo  noted  that  Dr.  H.  P. 
Allen  (organist  to  New  College,  and  con- 
ductor of  the  Bach  Choir).  Dr.  Ernest 
Walker,  of  Balliol,  Dr.  Basil  Harwood,  and 
Mr.  D.  F.  Tovey  are  among  the  able 
musicians  of  whom  Oxford  has  reason  to  be 
proud. 

Some  interesting  performances  will  be 
given  at  the  Cologne  Opera  House  in  June : 
Mozart's  '  Figaro,'  '  Die  Meistersinger,' 
Xavier  Leroux's  '  Le  Chemineau,'  De- 
bussy's '  Pelleas  et  Melisande,'  and  Verdi's 
'Falstaff,'  on  June  14th,  18th,  21st,  23rd, 
and  28th  respectively.  The  two  French 
works  will  bo  performed  by  artists  from 
the  Theatre  de  la  Monnaie,  Brussels. 

The  steps  taken  by  the  municipal  authori- 
ties of  Vienna  for  permission  to  transfer 
the  mortal  remains  of  Haydn  from  Eisen- 
stadt  to  the  central  cemetery  at  Vienna, 
have  not  been  successful.  Haydn  was 
buriod  at  Gumperdorf,  a  suburb  of  Vienna, 
in  1809,  but  his  remains  wero  exhumed 
and  solemnly  reinterred  in  the  Calvary 
Church  at  Eisenstadt,  where  for  so  many 
years  he  lived  and  laboured.  Any  fresh 
transfer,  therefore,  would  seem  an  indignity. 


DRAMA 


Tt  ■  - 


Tin  U 


l'KltKoHMANCKS  NEXT  WEAK. 

Sunday  Concert  Bociaty,  I  90,  Qnem'i  Hall. 
Concert.  :i  80,  Albert  Mill. 
Bunchy  Lenirue,  1.  ijiimi  »  Hall, 

MiBH  Siisuii  M.I .  .If,-  h  Vocal  Hrrit»l.  :!.  £olion  Hull. 

Hi   CherleaW  Clark'iVooal  rUdUl, 3,  fiolian  Mull. 

M.  HegedUi'i  Bonati  Recital,  8,  Bechiteln  Hull. 

Afternoon  with  Brahma,  4  SO,  Leighton  Bona*, 

IH-.li  Oonoart,  Quoen'i  Hull.  7.30. 

Mail  raatlTal,  S,  Albert  Ball 

Ifadama  Jaanna  Sauna/and  M.  Fniire'*  HvHtul.  8.1B,  i 

«tein  Hull 
Tlni  li  Choir,  M  30.  (jnri-n'n  Hall. 
.  Brofl,!v.',rfKl  Couoert,  H  SO,  JBollan  Hsll. 
Waam-r  Tuclmlkownky  Concert,  M0,  Qucon'n  Hull. 
Chappell  Kulla.l  Oonocrt,  1 10,  Quaen'i  Hull 
ltrlnfinwHil  ChamhoT  OonoaTl    8  10,  i':m  mH«h  RooniR. 
Krusc  Quart'-!.  (.10,  HerhMWn  Hall. 


THE    WEEK. 
Court. — Mrs.    Bill :    a    Play   in    Three 

Acts.  By  Capt.  John  Kendall. 
Capt.  Kendall's  piece  is  a  slight  and 
trivial  example  of  sentimental  comedy. 
With  its  story  of  a  girl  who  does  not  know 
her  own  mind  and  chooses  the  wrong 
sweetheart,  and  its  picture  of  a  modern 
David  and  Jonathan  who  as  rivals  in  love 
preserve  their  mutual  devotion,  it  may 
prove  a  welcome  addition  to  the  repertory 
of  amateurs.  But  as  a  contribution  to 
our  drama  this  Anglo-Indian  tale  cannot 
for  a  moment  be  taken  seriously ;  with 
all  its  daintiness  of  texture,  it  is  only  a 
glorified  drawing-room  entertainment.  It 
has,  however,  two  redeeming  features. 
One  is  its  study  of  a  matchmaking 
chaperon,  who  constantly  transfers  her 
sympathy  from  one  to  the  other  of  her 
niece's  suitors,  affects  alternately  to  be 
mercenary  and  unworldly,  and  while 
pretending  to  guide  the  course  of  events 
is  really  at  their  mercy.  The  other  is  the 
"  straight "  talk  which  the  two  friends 
have  concerning  the  girl  with  whom 
they  are  both  in  love  :  this  has  about  it  a 
pleasant  ring  of  manliness  and  sincerity. 
But  though  Miss  Marie  Illington  amuses 
as  the  chaperon,  Miss  Beatrice  Terry 
proves  a  winsome  heroine,  and  Mr.  Rudge 
Harding  is  delightful  as  the  bluff  Jonathan 
rendered  uncomfortable  by  his  David's 
hero-worship,  '  Mrs.  Bill '  is  weak  after 
so  clever  a  drama  of  low  life  as  '  The 
House.' 


Tudor  Facsimile  Texts.  (T.  C.  &  E.  C. 
Jack.) — A  short  time  ago  we  had  occasion 
to  make  a  comparison  between  the  first 
issues  of  the  Malone  Society  and  the  series  of 
editions  produced  by  the  Early  Drama 
Society.  Mr.  John  S.  Farmer,  who  super- 
vised the  latter  work,  is  now  responsible 
for  a  long  set  of  "  Tudor  Facsimile  Texts," 
which,  in  method  and  workmanship,  is 
greatly  superior.  We  have  received  (1) 
Believe  as  Ye  List,  by  Massinger,  folio  :  (2) 
King  Darius  ;  (3)  John  the  Evangelist  ;  (4) 
Wealth  and  Health  ;  (5)  Impatient  Poverty  ; 
(6)  Mankind  ;  (7)  Wisdom  ;  or,  Mind,  Will, 
and  Understanding  ;  and  (8)  Lusty  Juventus. 
All  are  photographic  facsimiles,  the  first, 
sixth,  and  seventh  of  MSS.,  the  others  of 
rare  black-letter  prints.  The  reproduction, 
aspecially  of  the  MSS.,  has  been  well  done  ; 
but  we  should  like  to  havo  had  the  "paper" 
background  in  tho  black-letters  lighter,  and 
loss  grey  in  tone. 

Scholars  may,  in  no  spirit  of  ingratitude, 
ask  the  question  whether  tho  labour  and 
expense  involved  have  been  used  to  the 
best  purpose.  Wo  admit  the  propriety  of 
reproducing  unique  copies  for  preservation 
in  public  libraries  against  tho  risk  of  fire 
or  negligonce  ;  but  the  first  consideration 
should  bo  tho  copying  of  important  texts 
to  which  students  aro  constantly  referring 
— texts  which  they  would  bo  glad  to  have 
by  thorn,  if  only  that  they  might  be  savod 
tho  loss  of  many  hours  for  a  ten  minutes' 
scrutiny  in  the  British  Museum.  For  texts 
such  as  theso  before  us  the  excellent  verbatim 
reprints  of  the  Malone  Society  will  serve 
every  purpose.  Further,  that  within  a  few 
months  thero  should  appear  thrtMi  expensive 
editions  of  'John  the  Evangelist'  is  surely 
a  wasto  of  oditorial  energy. 


332 


THE    ATHENAEUM 


No.  4194,  March  14,  1908 


Dramatic  (Gossip. 

Dublin  is  rapidly  gaming  a  reputation  as 
the  most  play-writing  and  play-producing 
city  in  the  British  Isles  outside  London. 
Indeed  it  is  a  common  saying  there  to-day 
that  it  is  almost  impossible  to  find  a  man 
who  has  not  written  a  play  or  who  does  not 
contemplate  writing  one.  For  the  produc- 
tion of  so  much  new  dramatic  work  the 
existence  of  an  independent  theatre,  to 
which  the  touring  companies  do  not  come,  is 
mainly  responsible.  For  this  theatre  Dublin 
is  indebted  to  the  imagination  of  Mr.  W.  B. 
Yeats  and  the  enthusiasm  of  Miss  Horniman, 
without  whose  practical  assistance  it  would 
never  have  come  into  being.  The  last  of  the 
playwrights  to  try  his  luck  on  the  Abbey 
Theatre  stage  is  Count  Markievicz,  a  Polish 
artist,  who  five  years  ago  was  wholly  un- 
acquainted with  the  English  language.  The 
hero  of  '  Seymour's  Redemption '  is  a 
member  of  Parliament  whose  manage  de 
convenance  has  created  for  him  an  un- 
sympathetic environment,  from  which  he  is 
set  free  by  the  intervention  of  the  woman 
whom  he  had  jilted  years  before.  The 
situations  are  developed  with  considerable 
skill,  and  the  characters  of  Seymour,  his 
friend  Morloy,  and  the  two  women  are  drawn 
with  remarkable  subtlety.  The  dialogue, 
though  at  times  too  rhetorical,  is  on  the 
whole  excellent  ;  and  the  production  of  the 
play  on  Monday  night  created  a  most 
favourable  impression.  The  principal  parts 
were  filled  by  J.  M.  Carre,  Mr.  O'Hara,  Miss 
Constance  Gore,  and  Miss  Agnes  Guiin,  all 
members  of  the  newly  formed  Independent 
Dramatic  Company. 

The  death  on  Thursday  week  last  of  Miss 
Lily  Hanbury  (Mrs.  Herbert  Guedalla)  re- 
moves, at  an  early  age,  a  well-knoWn 
actress  of  great  personal  attractions.  She 
had  since  her  marriage  in  1905  retired  from 
the  stage,  where  she  had  long  been  a 
favourite  performer.  She  joined  Wilson 
Barrett  in  1890,  playing  in  '  The  Silver 
King,"  '  Lights  o'  London,'  and  other  pieces. 
She  made  a  hit  in  1893  in  "  a  breeches  part  " 
in  Mr.  Pinero's  play  of  •  The  Amazons '  at 
the  Court.  Latterly  she  had  figured  promi- 
nently in  several  of  Mr.  Tree's  productions 
at  His  Majesty's  Theatre,  and  in  other  im- 
portant parts. 


To   Correspondents.— E.    J.  M.—  H.  G.— E.  M.   J.— 

A.  J.  D. — Received. 

A.  M.  B.  M. — No  such  statement  was  made. 

F.  A.  B.— G.  A.  D— T.  K.— Not  suitable  for  us. 

No  notice  can  be  taken  of  anonymous  communications. 

We  cannot  undertake  to  reply  to  inquiries  concerning  the 
appearance  of  reviews  of  books. 


INDEX  TO  ADVERTISERS. 

PAGI 

Arnold 332 

Authors'  Agents      300 

Bell  &  Sons 332 

Cambridge  University  Press 307 

300 

310 

384 

309 

333 

305 

305 


Catalogues 
Chatto  &  Windus 
Deigiiton  Bell  &  Co. 
Dent  &  Co. 
Duckworth  &  Co.     . 
Educational 
Exhibitions 

Hurst  <fe  Blackett 312 

Lectures 305 

Longmans  &  Co.         308 

Macmillan  &  Co 312 

Magazines,  &c 307 

Miscellaneous 305 

Printers 306 

Provident  Institutions 305 

Redman 334 

Rivers 334 

Routledge  &  Sons 307 

Sales  by  Auction      300 

Sisley  &  Co 334 

situations  Vacant 305 

Situations  Wanted 305 

Smith,  Elder  &  Co 330 

Societa  Tipograkico-Ediirice  Nazionale  ..        ..335 

Societies 305 

'Times'  History        311 

Typewriters,  &c 306 

Unwin       312 


MESSRS.    BELL'S 

BOOKS. 

♦ 
NOW   READY. 

Crown    8vo,    6s.    net. 

THE  LAST  ABBOT  OF  GLAS- 
TONBURY, and  other  Essays. 

By  the  Rt.  Rev.  F.  A.  GASQUET,  D.D.  O.S.B. 

Illustrated. 

***  The  first  essay  here  reprinted,  'The  Last  Abbot  of 
Glastonbury,'  was  first  published  in  1895  as  a  separate 
volume,  which  has  long  been  out  of  print.  It  gives  an 
account  of  the  destruction  of  the  great  Benedictine  Abbeys 
of  Glastonbury,  Reading,  and  Colchester,  and  of  the  tragic 
deaths  of  the  last  abbots  of  those  houses  in  the  reign  of 
Henry  VIII.  The  other  essays  in  the  volume  are  collected 
from  various  magazines,  and  have  not  previously  appeared 
in  book  form. 

READY    MARCH    23. 
Crown  4to,  2s.  Qd.  net. 

EASTER     EGGS. 

An  Easter  Idyll  for  Children. 

By  CHRISTOPH  VON  SCHMID. 

With  many  Illustrations  in  Colour  and  Black  and 

White,  by  Miss  M.  V.  WHEELHOUSE, 

and  specialty  designed  Title-Page  and  End-Papers. 

Illustrated  Prospectus  on  application. 

HANDBOOKS  OF  THE  GREAT  MASTERS 
IN  PAINTING  AND  SCULPTURE. 

CHEAPER  REISSUE. 

With  40  Full-Page  Illustrations  and  a  Photogravure 
Frontispiece.    Post  8vo,  3s.  Gri.  net  each. 

24  VOLUMES  ALREADY  PUBLISHED. 
JUST  PUBLISHED. 

CARLO  CRIYELLI. 

By  G.  MCNEIL  RUSHFORTH,  M.A. 

MANTEGNA. 

By  MAUD  CRUTTYVELL. 

MICHAEL  ANGELO. 

By  LORD  RONALD  SUTHERLAND-GOMER,    M.A. 

SODOMA. 

By  the  CONTESSA  LORENZO  PRIULI-BON. 
Write  for  Illustrated  Prospectus. 

BOHN'S    LIBRARIES. 

"The  new  series  of  Bonn's  Libraries,  on  which 
judicious  book-buyers  have  long  learned  to  keep  a 
careful  eye. "—  Athenjkum. 

NEW  VOLUMES. 
3  vols.    Small  crown  8vo,  3s.  M.  each. 

RANKE'S   HISTORY  OF  THE   POPES 
DURING  THE  LAST  FOUR  CENTURIES 

Translated  by  E.  FOSTER.  New  and  Revised  Edition, 
with  considerable  Additions. 

Small  post  Svo,  3s.  6d. 

MIGNET'S  HISTORY  OF  THE  FRENCH 
REVOLUTION,  from  1789  to  1814. 

"  Mignet's  striking  if  not  wholly  impartial  history  of  the 
Revolution— perhaps  the  best  short  history."— Athenivum. 

Small  post  Svo,  5s. 

LUCRETIUS.     A  Prose  Translation. 

By  H.  A.  J.  MUNRO.  Reprinted  from  the  Final 
(Fourth)  Edition.  With  an  Introduction  by  J.  D. 
DUFF,  M.A 

"It  is  not  only  a  most  faithful  rendering  of  the  original 
but  a  remarkable  literary  achievement.  Munro's  edition, 
and  still  more,  his  translation,  are  not  superseded,  and  it 
is  probable  that  they  never  can  be. " 

Mr.  Duif's  Introduction. 


MR.  EDWARD  ARNOLD'S 

NEW    BOOKS. 


London:     GEORGE    BELL    &    SONS, 
York  House,  Portugal  Street,  W.C. 


NEW  NOVEL  BY  THE 
AUTHOR  OF  '  THE  JUNGLE/ 

THE 

METROPOLIS. 

By 

Upton  Sinclair, 

Author  of 
'The  Jungle.'    6s. 

THE 

METROPOLIS. 

"  Mr.  Upton  Sinclair's  narrative  of  Chicago 
horrors,  'The  Jungle,'  set  the  whole  world  talking, 
and  it  is  not  difficult  to  believe  that  his  latest 
book  will  have  a  similar  effect.  The  interest  is- 
diverted  from  the  hideous  lives  of  the  lowest 
labourers  to  the  no  less  hideous  lives  of  some  of 
those  who  arrogate  to  themselves  the  name  of 
'  Society'  in  the  American  metropolis." 

Daily  Telegraph. 

THE 

METROPOLIS. 

"Mr.  Upton  Sinclair  is  decking  himself  in  th& 
mantle  of  Zola.  In  'The  Metropolis'  he  points 
a  prophetic  forefinger  at  the  yellow-rich  of  America 
— the  idle  children  of  the  multi-millionaires — and 
cries  'J'accuse.'  'The  Metropolis'  is  sure  to 
be  widely  read." — Daily  Chronicle. 

THE 

METROPOLIS. 

WAYS 
OF  REBELLION. 

By  REGINALD  FARRER, 

Author  of  '  The  Sundered  Streams,'  '  The  House  of 
Shadows,'  &c.     6s. 

TO  BE  PUBLISHED  NEXT  WEEK. 

GEORGE  RIDDING, 

Schoolmaster  and  Bishop,  Forty-Third 

Head  Master  of  Winchester,  1866-1884,  First 

Bishop  of  Southwell,  1884-1904- 

By   his   Wife,   LADY   LAURA   RIDDING. 

With  Illustrations.     Demy  Svo,   15s.  net. 

FROM  THEIR  POINT  OF 
VIEW. 

By  M.  LOANE,  Author  of  '  The  Next  Street  but 

One,'  '  The  Queen's  Poor,'  &c. 

Crown  8vo,  6s. 

TURKEY  IN  EUROPE. 

By   Sir  CHARLES    ELIOT,    K.C.M.G. 

("Odysseus"). 

A  New  Edition,  with  Additional  Chapters  on 

Events  from  18(59  to  the  Present  Day. 

Large  crown  Svo,  7s.  6d.  net. 


London : 
EDWARD  ARNOLD,  41  and  43,  Maddox  St.,  W 


No.  4194,  March  14,  1908 


THE     ATHENAEUM 


333 


DUCKWORTH    &_CO^_NEW_PUBLICATIONS. 

"ONE  OF  THE  GREATEST  TRAYEL  BOOKS  IN   LITERATURE."— Spectator. 
"  NO   BOOK  OF  ARABIAN  TRAYEL  IS  COMPARABLE  TO  IT   IN  ROMANTIC   INTEREST."— SPECTATOR. 

WANDERINGS    IN    ARABIA. 

By  CHARLES    M.    DOUGHTY. 

With  a  Portrait  and  Map.     2  vols.     16s.  net.     Prospectus  on  application. 
"A  wonderful  book." — Times.  "  In  many  respects  the  best  book  of  travel  ever  written." — Punch. 

"  One  of  the  great  books  of  our  own  time." — Observer.  "  Surely  belongs  to  the  classics." — Daily  Neios. 

"  Unique  among  narratives  of  travel." — Daily  Chronicle.  "  A  masterpiece  of  English  literature." — Daily  Mail. 

"  Justly  placed  on  a  level  with  the  most  fascinating  of  Oriental  travel  books.     Is  assured  of  its  position  in  the  very  front  rank."- 
•'  A  monument  of  observation,  insight,  patience,  and  sympathy.     The  book  is  indeed  a  classic." — Nation. 


-Daily  Telegraph, 


JUST  PUBLISHED.     BY  THE  SAME  AUTHOR. 


ADAM   CAST   FORTH. 


A  Drama  Founded  on  a  Legend  of  Adam  and  Eve. 

Crown  8vo,  4s.  &d.  net. 


A  NOBLE  EPIC  ON  THE  BEGINNINGS  OF  BRITAIN. 

THE     DAWN     IN     BRITAIN. 

By   CHARLES    M.    DOUGHTY,    Author   of    « Travels   in   Arabia   Deserta.'     6   vols,    crown    Svo,    As.    M.    net   each. 


[Second  Impression, 


my 

to  lj_. 

minor  bards,  endowed  with  a  cultivated  taste  and  a  select  and  recondite  vocabulary,  could  write.    It  is  work  of  an  altogether  higher  order.    It  may  be  that  its  subject  and  manner 

will  narrow  the  circle  of  its  admirers  in  an  age  which  is  quick  to  protest  that  it  has  no  leisure  for  epics  ;  but  the  fit  and  few  will  give  thanks  for  a  poet" 

LEGEND  AND  FOLK-LORE  OF  THE  HOLY  LAND.    By  J.  E.  Hanauer,    With  an  Introduction 

by  MARMADUKE  PICKTHALL.     Pages  324  and  xxiv.     Demy  8vo,  cloth  gilt,  S*.  net. 
"The  folk-lore  collected  in  this  delightful  volume  was  taken  down  from  the  lips  of  the  people  in  the  hill  country  between  Bethel  and  Hebron — a  country  where  Muslims,  Jews,  and 
Christians  dwell  together.    Humorous,  quaintly  realistic,  delightfully  fantastic,  these  specimens  of  Palestinian  folk-lore  only  make  us  want  more  of  them.    The  notes  contain  some 
admirable  anecdotes."— Athenaeum. 

STOPFORD    BROOKE'S    NEW    YOLUME. 

STUDIES  IN  POETRY.     With  a  Photogravure  Portrait.    Crown  8vo,  6s.  net. 

Essays  on  Blake,  Scott,  Keats,  Shelley,  &c. 

DELACROIX.    By  Dorothy  Bussy.    With  26  Illustrations.    Pott  4to,  5s.  net. 

"  Madame  Bussy  brings  an  accomplished  critical  faculty  to  bear  on  the  work  of  Delacroix.    This  interesting  book."— Spectator. 

THOUGHTS  OF  LEONARDO  DA  VINCI  AS  RECORDED  IN  HIS   NOTE   BOOKS.     Edited  by 

EDWARD  McCURDY.    Uniform  with  'The  Roadmender. '    With  a  Frontispiece.    Fcap.  Svo,  cloth,  2s.  M.  net. 
"  For  the  thinker  there  can  be  no  more  delightful  book." — Daily  A'ews. 

"THE  REAL  ENGLISH  PEASANT  LABOURER."— SPECTATOR. 

MEMOIRS    OF    A    SURREY  LABOURER.      By  George   Bourne,    Author   of  '  The   Bettesworth 

Book.'    Crown  8vo,  6s. 
This  is  a  book  that  deals  with  a  real  character,  and  is  in  no  sense  fiction.     What  the  author  has  done  is  to  render  a  faithful  portrait  of  an   old  gardener  of  his  who  is 
to  lovers  of  the  country,  the  most  interesting  acquaintance  that  it  is  possible  to  meet 


MIMRHEAD    AND    GERTRUDE    BONE'S    NOTABLE    WORK. 

CHILDREN'S    CHILDREN.      By  Gertrude  Bone. 

Illustrated  with  upwards  of  60  Drawings  by  MUIRHEAD  BONE. 
Ordinary  Edition,  6^.  net.     Limited  Edition  on  Japanese  Vellum  (200  Copies),  25s.  net. 

"  Mrs.  Bone's  tale  of  peasant  life  is  marked  by  a  fine  quality  of  restraint  and  a  remarkable  simplicity,  which  makes  the  realism  of  its  tragedy  intensely  impressive,  while  there  ist 
no  jarring  note  to  disturb  the  effect.  The  minor  characters  of  the  village  life,  with  their  tragedies  and  comedies,  are  also  drawn  with  fidelity.  The  same  impression  of  truth  which  finds 
ts  interpretation  in  a  dignified  simplicity  is  equally  characteristic  of  Mr.  Bone's  drawings,  with  which  the  book  is  illustrated." — Athenamni. 


A    NOTABLE    NEW    WRITER. 

Sophie  Cole, 

AUTHOR  OF 

RACHEL  CHALFONT. 

A  Novel.     Just  published.     Crown  Svo,  6-'. 

"  We  cannot  think  that  this  is  a  first  novel,  so  mature  is  it  and 
well  planned.  The  author  has  looked  deep  into  the  mysteries  of  the 
human  heart,  and  her  portrait  of  Rachel  Chalfont,  one  of  the  most 
subtle  and  complex  characters  attempted  in  recent  fiction,  is  unfor- 
gettable. Miss  Cole  has  a  sympathy  with  humanity,  an  insight  into 
character,  an  interest  in  people,  and  a  power  of  literary  expression 
which  should  take  her  far."— Country  Liu:. 

"  Rachel  Chalfont  lives,  and  the  book  is  a  remarkable  book. 
Every  page  of  it  is  vital,  and  all  the  characters  are  genuine  men  and 
women." — Manchester  Guardian. 


A    WELSH    NOVELIST. 

Owen  Rhoscomyl. 

AUTHOR  OF 

ISLE  RAVEN. 

A  Romance.     Just  published.     Crown  Svo,  6*. 
|   BY  THE  SAME  AUTHOR. 

VRONINA. 
SWEET  ROGUES. 
OLD  FIREPROOF.  ' 


"The  best  writer  of 

adventurous,   virile, 

romantic     fiction     that 

Wales  has  produced." 

Manchester  Guardian. 

"Extremely     power- 
ful. The  people  are  very 
real.    All  readers  will  be 
thrilled  by  t lie  passion." 
Daily  Telegraph. 

"He  writes  passages 
of  more  than  ordinarily 
good  prose,  hearing 
themselves  along  with 
a  lift  and  the  real  appeal 
of  rhythm.— Academy. 


Loudon  :  DUCKWORTH  &  CO.  Co  vent  Garden,  W.C. 


334 


T  H  E    AT  II  E  N\E  D  M 


X".  :i:u.  Mabch  i  i.  1008 


SPRING,  1908. 


Messrs.  Sisley's,  Ltd^wiah  to  drsw  the 
particular  attention  of  booklovere  to  their  many 
■eriea    "'    Beautiful    Booka    at    popular    prims. 

Mr.  Clement  K.  Shorter  in  n  recent  number  of 
the  S/ihor.  aaid:  "Messrs.  Sisley  have  demon- 
atrated  their  ability  to  live  op  to  their  ambitiona 
motto  of  'Makeraof  Beautiful  Books. ,M  Messrs. 
Sisley's  hooks  may  be  ordered  through  any 
bookshop  or  bookstall. 

THE  PANEL  BOOKS. 


A  series  of  sumptnous  editions  de  luxe  that 
will  graoe  any  library.  They  recall  the  delight- 
ful editions  of  the  eighteenth  century.  Thirty- 
six  titles  ready,  including  many  raro  works 
seldom  reprinted.  Bound  in  brown  lambskin, 
embossed  and  gilt,  full  gilt  edges,  2^.  6c7.  net, 
or  in  rough  persian,  3a.  6(/.  net. 

THE  SISLEY  BOOKS. 

A  library  of  choice  works  for  the  million,  in- 
tended to  include  in  the  course  of  time  all  the 
best  books  ever  written.  One  of  the  best  selling 
series  of  to-day.  Bound  in  crimson  cloth,  gilt 
top,  and  printed  in  clear  type  on  opaque  antique 
paper,  1&  net  per  vol.  A  lengthy  list  of  titles 
now  ready.     "  The  triumph  of  cheap  literature." 

THE  PIXIE  BOOKS. 


A  charming  series  of  stories  for  the  children, 
with  eight  coloured  plates  and  printed  in  large 
type.  Told  in  simple  language  and  most 
attractively  produced.  The  prettiest  series  for 
boys  and  girls  ever  published.  Write  for  list  of 
titles.  Bound  in  cloth,  full  gilt,  with  picture  on 
side,  Is.  net,  or  in  ornamental  boards,  6d.  net. 
Thousands  already  sold. 

THE  BIOGRAPHY  BOOKS. 

A  new  popular  series  of  pocket  biographies  of 
great  men  and  women  in  all  ages  of  the  world's 
bistory,  written  in  a  bright,  interesting  style. 
Each  volume  contains  a  Portrait  Frontispiece.  Six 
titles  just  out.  Send  for  list.  Price  only  6c?.  net 
each.     A  series  without  a  single  rival. 

THE  MEMORY  BOOKS. 

This  is  a  fresh  idea.  The  first  book  is  entitled 
MY  BABY,  and  is  a  little  record  for  mothers  to 
chronicle  the  chief  events  in  a  baby's  year  of  life, 
Cloth  gilt,  Is.  M.  net ;  leather,  2s.  M.  net.  The 
second  is  MY  GARDEN,  for  amateur  gardeners 
and  flower  lovers.  Identical  in  style,  format, 
and  price  with  MY  BABY. 

THE  NOVEL  BOOKS. 


A  beautiful  pocket  series  entirely  devoted  to 
standard  fiction.  The  scheme  of  this  library  is 
to  present  in  dainty,  luxurious  form  the  best 
novels  in  the  world.  Bound  in  rich  apple-green 
lambskin,  full  gilt,  gilt  edges,  2s.  6(1.  net  each 
volume. 

THE  MINIATURES. 


A  series  of  bibelots  consisting  of  selected  gems 
of  literature  in  ornate  yet  artistic  setting.  Each 
booklet  is  printed  in  old-style  type  in  two  colours 
on  japon  paper,  with  several  miniature  tinted 
plates.  Three  bindings  :  art  vellum,  Is.  net  ; 
lambskin,  Is.  6<i.  net ;  persian  yapped,  2s.  net. 

OUR  NEW  BOOKLET. 


The  Spring  Edition  of  BEAUTIFUL  BOOKS, 
our  artistic  list  of  publications,  is  now  read}'  and 
will  be  sent  post  free  to  any  address  in  the  world 
if  you  send  us  a  post  card  mentioning  the  Athenaum. 
Write  to-day. 

SISLEY'S    Ltd. 

MAKERS      OF     BEAUTIFUL      BOOKS, 
9,    Duke    Street,    Charing    Cross,    London. 


DEIGHTON  BELL  &  CO. 


CAMBRIDGE. 


Royal  hv<i,  ;irt  linen,  gUt  topH,  3*.  6<J.  net. 

WAR  SONGS  OF  THE  GREEKS, 

And  other  Poems. 

By  the  Rev. 

DAVID  ROSS  FOTHERINGHAM,  M.A., 

Queen's  College,  Cambridge ;  Chaplain   of   the  Byron 

Society;   sometime  Chaplain   to  the  Philhellenic  Legion. 

With  a  Preface  by 

The   Right   Hon.    (i.    W.     E.    RUSSELL, 

And  Portrait*  of  Lord  Byron,  Athanasios 
Diakos,   Pericles  Baratasses,   Clement  Harris. 

"  Neo-hellenic  scholars  may  prefer  to  read  the  Greek 
ballads  in  the  sweetness  of  their  native  tongue  ;  but  to  all 
other  person  these  translations  may  be  recommended  as 
preserving  most  of  the  spirit  and  fragrance  of  the  original." 

Guardian. 

"  It  has  obviously  been  a  labour  of  love — love  born  of 
a  genuine  sympathy  with  the  Greek  temperament  and  an 
intuitive  comprehension  of  the  Greek  mind.  These  qualifi- 
cations have  enabled  him  to  produce  a  work  which  cannot 
fail  to  appeal  to  all  admirers  of  Greek  poetry,  ancient  or 
modern,  and  to  infect  the  reader  with  the  writer's  own 
ardent  Philhellenism." — Cambridge  lit  view. 

"  A  series  of  noble  and  stirring  ballads  excellently  trans- 
lated and  annotated,  with  some  original  pieces  of  great 
merit.  The  volume  is  a  wonderful  exposition  of  the  Hellenic 
spirit."— Manchester  Courier. 


Crown  8vo,  cloth,  3*'.  net. 

THE   CHRONOLOGY  OF  THE 
OLD  TESTAMENT. 

By  D.  R.  FOTHERINGHAM,  M.A., 
Queen*s  College,  Cambridge. 

The  Chronology  of  the  Kings— The  Fall  of  Samaria— The 
Chronology  of  the  Judges — The  Chronology  of  the  Priestly 
Code,  &c. 

"  Mr.  Fotheringham's  book  on  the  Chronology  of  the  Old 
Testament  should*  prove  most  useful  to  Biblical  students. 

We  do  not  think  that  any  reader  who  chances  on  the 

book  will  fail  to  read  it  through." — Publisher  and  Bookseller. 

"The  results  of  Mr.  Fotheringham's  researches  deserve 
the  attention  of  scholars." — Record. 

"  It  is  interesting  to  have  a  new  attempt  to  explain  and 
more  or  less  to  justify  the  dates  in  the  Hebrew  Bible." 

Jewish  Chronicle. 

"  It  is  eminently  practical,  and  should  be  in  the  hands  of 
all  Bible  students  and  teachers  who  desire  to  possess  a 
clear  and  fresh  statement  of  a  question  which  has  been 
beset  with  difficulties." — Examiner. 

"The  author  has  studied  the  subject  for  many  years,  and 
has  arrived  at  his  results  only  after  careful  investigation. 
We  believe  the  work  will  tend  to  a  clearer  view  of  the 
historical  sequence  of  the  Bible."— Aberdeen  Free  Press. 


BY   HENRY    LATHAM,    M.A. 

Late  Master  of  Trinity  Hall,  Cambridge. 
THIRTEENTH  THOUSAND,  crown  8vo,  cloth,  6s.  Od. 

PASTOR    PASTORUM; 

Or,  The  Schooling  of  the  Apostles  by  Our  Lord. 

SEVENTH  THOUSAND,  Revised,  with  two  Photogravure 
Plates,  crown  8vo,  cloth,  Gs. 

THE  RISEN  MASTER. 

A  Sequel  to   '  Pastor   Pastorum.' 

FOURTH  THOUSAND,  crown  Svo,  cloth,  8a  C<f. 

A  SERVICE  OF  ANGELS. 

Crown  Svo,  cloth,  3*'.  Qd.  net. 

SHAKESPEARE'S    USE    OF 
THE     SUPERNATURAL. 

(The  Cambridge  University  Harness  Prize  for  1907.) 

By  the  Rev.  J.  PAUL  S.  R.  GIBSON,  B.A. 

Sidney  Sussex  College,  Cambridge. 


Demy  8vo,  cloth,  7s.  6d.  net. 

PETRONII 
CENA  TRIMALCHIONIS. 

Edited,   with   Critical    and    Explanatory   Notes, 
An.l  Translated  by  W.  D.  LOWE,  M.A. 
Pembroke  College,  Cambridge ; 
Junior  Censor,  University  College,  Durham. 
"  This  edition  has  been  prepared   to  enable  readers  of 
Latin  authors  to  realize  first  hand  for  themselves  the  ordi- 
nary conditions  of  social  life  under  the  Empire,  as  depicted 
by  the  Arbiter  Elegantia1  himself." — Pre/act. 

""  By  far  the  best  part  of  the  novel  of  Petronius  is  the 
Banquet  of  Trimalchio,  where  we  have  a  precious  sketch, 
unique  in  Latin  literature,  of  Society  under  the  Roman 
Decadence. .  ..Mr.  Lowe's  scholarly  edition  and  translation 
of  a  work  not  hitherto  edited  in  England." 

Prof.  R.  Y.  Tvkkki.i.  in  the  Acadt-mu. 


London :   GEORGE  BELL  &  SONS. 


Alston     Rivers' 
Announcements. 


A     Bride     on     Trust. 

By  CAPTAIN  H.   CURTIES.  6s. 

"A    wonderful    royal    roniaii"-." — 
Timet.     "Full  of  thrilling  incidents 

a  veritable  feast  of  romance  and 

sensation  of  the  better  type."-    f,'lotje. 
"One   of  the  best   romances  of   the 

'Prisoner     of     Zenda '     type the 

interest  never  flags." 

Manchester  Courier. 

A   Melton    Monologue. 

By  "DIANA  CROSSWAYS."  3s.  6d. 

"The  story  is  movingly  told.     The 
little  book  will  be  read  with  interest 
by  all  men  and  women  who  hunt." 
Country  Life. 

The    New    Transvaal. 


By  M.   C.  BRUCE. 


Paper,  Is.  net. 


"  Conve3ys  her  facts  and  conclusions 
in  a  clear  and  effective  wa}'." — Times. 
"  This  is  one  of  the  best  books  on 
South  Africa  we  have  had  for  a  long 

time it   has    more    stuffing    in    it 

than  half  the  pretentious  expensive 
books  which  have  been  manufac- 
tured about  the  sub-continent.  The 
authoress  is  one  who  knows.  That  is 
apparent  on  every  page." 

South  Africa. 


Chatterton  House,  Brooke  Street,  Holborn. 


FOUR  NEW  BOOKS  PUBLISHED  MARCH  11. 

A  Book  that  is  selling  by  thousands  ! 

THE    IRONY    OF 
MARRIAGE. 

IS.   net.  By  BASIL  TOZER.  IS.  net. 

By  post,  With  an  Introductory  Note  V.y  By  post, 

is.  2d.       Dr.  C.  W.  SALEEBY,  F.R.S.E.'.in.       U  M. 
A    cynical    indictment    of    Modern    Marriage    and    its 
"Methods." 

NEW    NOVELS   AT   6-    EACH. 

"THE  WIFE." 

A  Story  of  Smart  Suburban  and  Homelv  Aristocratic  Life 
By    H  OK  ACE    W.    c.    NBWTB, 

Author  of  '  The  M.ister  Beast.' 

A  DAUGHTER  OF 
BELIAL. 

A  Sensational  Novel.     Bv  BASIL  TOZER. 

MORAG  THE   SEAL. 

A  Fascinating  West  Highland  Romance. 

By  J.  W.  BRODIE  INNES. 
Just  published,  3s.  6d.  net. 

"THE     MASTER     BEAST" 

(A.D.  1888-2020.)       By  HORACE  \V.  C.  NEWTE. 

A  novel  to  combat  Socialism,  giving  a  graphic  account 
of  the  ruthless  tyranny  inflicted  on  the  British  people  by 
Socialism  in  a.  n.  2020. 


Now  ready,  crown  Svo,  144  pp.,  paper  covers. 
Is.'  net.     By   post.    Is.   2d. 

MONISM? 

An    Antidote    to    Prof.    Haeokel's    'The    Ki.ldle    of    the 

Universe.' 

By  S.  PH.  MARCUS,  M.D 

Translated  by  R.  W.  FELKIN,  M.D.,  Ac 


London  :  REBMAN,  Ltd.,  129   Shaftesbury  Avenue. 


No.  4194,  March  14,  1908 


THE    ATHENAEUM 


335 


Limited  Company 
Social  Capital  Lit.  300.000 


Societo 


afico-Editrice  Hazionale 


■*\ 


<^m 


Reproduction  of  ancient  Documents. 

1  manoscritti  di  Leonardo  da  Vinci  della  Reale  Biblioteca 

di  Windsor : 

DELL'ANATOMIA,  fogli  A L.     80 

»  »      B »   100 

Rocchi  E.  -  LE    PIANTE    ICONOGRAF1CHE  E 

PROSPETTICHEDiROMANELSEC.XVI  L.    50 


GREAT  HISTORICAL  LIBRARY 

Bersezio  V.  -  IL  REGNO  DI  VITTORIO  EMA- 

NUELE  II,  8  volumi L.  30  — 

Carutti  sen.  D.  -  STORIA  DELLA  CORTE  DI 

SAVOIA,  2  volnmi »    15  — 

Cavour  C.  -  LETTERE  EDITE  ED  INEDITE, 

6  volumi *  50  — 

Chiala  sen.   L.  -  PAGINE   DI   STORIA  CON- 

TEMPORANEA,  3  volumi »   17,50 

D'Anconasen.  A.  -  CARTEGGIO  DI  MICHELE 

AMARI,  3  volumi *   16  — 

Fabris   C.    -   GLI     AVVENIMENTI     MILITARI 

del  1848  e  1849,  3  voliuni »   14  — 

Garibaldi  G.  -  MEMORIE,  ediz.  diplomatica  per 

E.  Nathan,  1  volume »     7  — 

Minghetti  M.  -  MIEI  RICORDI,  3  volumi  .  »  13  — 
Stiavelli  G.  -  ANTONIO  GUADAGNOLI  E  LA 

TOSCANA  DE'  SUOI  TEMPI,  1  volume  »  7  — 
Tavallini  E.  -  LA  VITA  E  I  TEMPI  DI  GIO- 
VANNI LANZA,  2  volumi »   10  — 

TivaroniC.  -STORIA  CRITICA  DELRISORGI- 

MENTO  ITALIANO,  4  volumi    .     .     .     .    »  34,50 


Romances  of  Italian  Ruthors. 

Agresti  A.  -  L'IDEA  CHE  UCCIDE      .     .     .  L.  3,50 

Aleramo  Sibilla  -  UNA  DONNA »>  3,50 

Baccelli  A.  -  La  Meta »  3,50 

Dsledda  Grazia  -  ILVECCHIO  DELLA  MON- 

TAGNA »  2,50 

—  DOPO  IL  DIVORZIO »  3  — 

—  ELIAS  PORTOLU »  3  - 

Luigi  di  San  Giusto  -  UN  VINTO,  2a  odiz.      »  3,50 

—  N EN N ELLA,  2^  ediz.    .     • »  3  — 

—  LA  VITA  NUOVA »  3  - 

—  MAESTRA  BELLA »  3  — 

—  IL  REDUCE »  3,50 

—  PRIMAVERA  ITALICA »  3,50 

Ragina  di   Luar.to  -  SALAMANDRA     ...»  2  — 

—  OMBRA  E  LUCE,  2a  ediz »  3  — 

—  LA  SCUOLA  DI   LINDA,  21  ediz.      ...»  3  — 

—  UN   MARTIRIO,  21  ediz >»  2,50 

—  LIBERA »  2,50 

—  LA  PROVA »  3  — 

—  LA  SERVETTA >»  3,50 

—  GLI  AGONIZZANTI »  3  — 

—  IL  NUOVSSSIMO  AMORE »  3,50 

Toscano  F.  -  SILVIO  PREGATI »  5  - 


1 


FORMERLY 


ROUX  &.  VIARENGO  -TORINO-ROMA. 
MARCELLO  CAPRA  -TORINO. 


J 


SALVATORE   FARINA'S  PUBLICATIONS 

IL  TESORO  DI   DONNINA,  51  edizione    .    .  L.  3.50 

CAPELLI   BIONDI.  6»  eilizione »  3,50 

MIO  FIGLIO!  9a  ediziono »  5  — 

PE'  BELLI  OCCHI  DELLA  GLORIA, '.'odiz.   >»  3,50 

PER  LA  VITA  E  PER  LA  MORTE,  3a  odiz.    ,,  3,50 

COSCIENZA   ELASTICA.  commodia      ...»  2  — 

AMORE  CIECO,  commi'dia »  2  — 

UN  TESTAfv'.ENTO,  is1  cdi/.iouo »  1,50 


Collection  of  illustrated  luxurious  volumes. 

De  Amicis  E.  -  LE  CARICATURE  DI  TEJA  L.    10  — 

Giacosa   G.    -    CASTELLI     VALDOSTANI     E 

CANAVESANI »   15  - 

Menghini  M.  -  LA  SPEDIZIONE  GARIBAL- 
DINA  DI  SICILIA  E  DI  NAPOLI,  nei  pro 
clami,  nelle  corrispondenze,  nei  diarii  e  nelle 
illustrazioni  del  tempo »    12  — 

Valeri    A.-Rusconi    Art.    Jahn    -    LA    VITA    DI 

BENVENUTO  CELLINI »    10  — 


GREAT   LIBRARY  OF  ARTS 

ANTONIO   AGRESTI 

I  PR€RAFFA€LLISTI 

CONTEIBUTO  ALL  A  STOMA  DELL'  ARTE 

Volume  27-18,  sn  carta  patiuata,  di  pag.  370,1  con 

16  tavole  eliotipicho  e  74  illustrazioni.     .     L.    15  - 


PRIMO    LEVI  (I' Italico) 

PO/A€NICO  MORELLI 

nella    Vita    e    nell'Arte 

Volume  27-18,  su  carta  patinata,   di  pag.  390,  con 

28  tavole  eliotipiobe  e  150  illustrazioni  .     .  L.    15  - 


LIBRARY  OF  ROME 

Baracconi  G.  -  I  RIONI   DI   ROMA,   volume  di 

606  pagine L.  6  — 

Eilegato  elegantemente »  8  — 

Boissier    G.  -   ROMA    E    POMPEI,    volume    di 

520  pagine »  5  — 

Eilegato  elegantemente »  7  — 

Stendhal  -  ROMA,  volume  di  720  pagine  .     .     »  8  — 

Eilegato  elegantemente  ...          ...»  10  — 


LIBRARY  OF  ARTS 

G.  Natali  ed  E.  Vitelli  -STORIA  DELL' ARTE 
Nuova  ediz.  interamonta  rifatta.  Opera  di  978 
pagine,  con  634  illustrazioni L.     7,50 

G.  Baracconi  -  VENERE  -  Volume  di  pag.  386, 

con  43  tavole  fuori  testo »     7  — 

P.  Molmenti  -  ILCARPACCIO  ed  ILTIEPOLO 

Studi  d'arto  veueziana L.     4  — 

P.    Molmenti    -     STUDI     E     RICERCHE     DI 

STORIA  E  D'ARTE »     4,50 


EDUCATIONAL  PUBLICATIONS 

Forster  W.  -  IL  VANGELO  DELLA  VITA   .  L.  4  - 

Levi  E.  -  PER  I  VOSTRI  BAMBINI    ...»  5  - 

Rosselli  A.  -  TOPININO,  Storiadi  un  bambino  »  «S  — 
Sincero    D.    -  IL    CANZONIERE   DEI    BIMBI 

PICCINI,  93  cauti  ad  una  voce     .     .     .     .     »  2  — 


E£2 


Residencs  in  TURIN  (Italy) 
Via  Nizza,  147-149 


Collection  of  i!!usiraied  Technical  Records. 


Bertoldo   G.  -  I    DiAGRAMMI    ENTROPICI 
DELLE  MOTRICI  A  VAPORE     .     .     .     L. 
Montu  C.  -   GLI    ACCOPPIATORI    AUTOMA- 
TIC!  PER  VEICOLI   FERROVIARI    .     .    » 
Moriondo  E.  -  PRilNCIPII    DI    TERMODINA- 

MICA  GRAFICA » 

—  LE  TURBINE  A  VAPORE » 

Panetti  M.  -  PROVE  DEI  METALLI  .     .     .    » 

Wehmeyer   S.  A.  -  ALIMENTAZIONE,   CON- 

SERVAZIONE  E  F  U  N  Z  I  0  N  A  M  E  N  TO 

DELLE  CALDAIE  MARINE » 


2  — 

2  - 

3  - 

8  — 
5  — 


2  — 


GREAT   TECHNICAL    LIBRARY 

Ferraris  G.  -  ELETTROTECNICA,  2a  edizione, 

ua  volume  26-17,  di  pag.  432,  con  160  figure  L.    15  — 

Grassi  G.  -  PRINCIPII  SCIENTIFIC!  DEL- 
L'ELETTROTECNICA,  un  volume,  26-17,  di 
pag.  320,  con  150  figure »    12  — 

—  C0RS0    DI    ELETTROTECNICA,   opera   di 

1000  pag.,  con  circa  600  figure,  in  2  volumi    »  30  — 

Martorelli  ing.  G.  -  LE  MACCHINE  A  VAPORE 
MARINE,  un  volume  di  900  pagine,  illustrato 
con  500  disegni  e  86  tavole,  3a  ediziono    .    »    20  — 

Russo  ing.  G.  -  MANUALE  DI  ARCHITET- 
TURA  NAVALE  ad  uso  degli  vfficioli  di  ma- 
rina, dei  costruttori  e  capitani  mercantili  e 
degli  istituti.  Grosso  volume  icon  oltre  500  di- 
segni e  tavole *  20  — 


TFoGATRE 

Bovio  G.  -  SOCRATE L.  1 

Carrera  V.  -  LE  COMMEDIE,  4  volumi  .     .    »  12 
MorelloV. -LA  FLOTTA  DEGLI  EMIGRANTI, 

3a  edizione »  4 

Racine  J.  -  FEDRA,  traduz.  di  Mario  Giobbo    »  2 

Sofocle  -  EDIPO  RE,  traduz.  di  Maiio  Giobbe   »  2 

Teresah  -  L'ALTRA  RIVA,  dramma  .    ...»  3 


VERSES 

Collezione  di  volumi  di  lusso  in  carta  a  mano 
copertina  porgamena. 

Abba  G.  C.  -  VECCHI  VERSI L.  2 

Aganoor  Pompilj  V.  -  LEGGENDA  ETERNA  »  4 
Alighieri   Dante  -  LA  VITA  NUOVA,  con  le  il- 
lustrazioni di  Dante  Gabriele  Eossetti    .     .     »  4 

Costanzo  G.  A.  -  DANTE,  poema »  4 

Orsini  G.  -  POESIE  COMPLETE    .     ...»  5 
Pascarella  C.    -    SONETTI   in   vernacolo    roma- 

nesco »  4 

Teresah  -  NOVA  LYRICA 4 


LITERARY    STUDIES 

Capuana  L.  -  LETTERE  ALL'ASSENTE    .  L.  2 

D'Ambra  L.  -  LE  OPERE  E  GLI  UOMINI     »  5 

Gropallo  L.  -  AUTORI   ITALIANI   D'OGGI  .     »  4 
Mantovani    D.    -    LETTERATURA    CONTEM- 

PORANEA,  21  ediziono »  4 

Morello  V.  -  L'ENERGIA  LETTERARIA     .     »  5 


336 


T  II  E     ATI!  KX^IIM 


No.  1194,  Ml*  a  14,  1908 


SMITH,  ELDER  &  CO.'S  NEW  &  FORTHCQM 1 XG  WORKS 

REISSUE    OF    THE 

Dictionary  of  National  Biography. 

Edited     by     LESLIE    STEPHEN     and     SIDNEY     LEE. 

TO    BE    COMPLETED 

IN    TWENTY-TWO    VOLUMES, 

Cloth,  gilt  top,  15S.  net  each;    or  in  half- morocco,  marbled  edges,   21s.   net  each. 

The    Volumes   will  be    identical   with   the   Original   Edition  in   type   and  size   of  page.     Errors   have,    as  far  as  possible,  been 
corrected,    and  some   of  the  Bibliographies   have   been   revised,  but  otherwise  the  Text  remains  unaltered.      The  price  is   one- 
third  of  that  of    he  Original  Edition,   and  the    Volumes  will  occupy  about  one-third  of  the  space  required  by  that  Edition. 
VOLUME  I.     (ABBADIE     BEADON),  including  a  Statistical  Account  of  the  Work  and  a  New  Postscript,  is  NOW  READY;  VOLUME  II.  will 
be   published  on   APRIL  10,  and  a  Volume  will  be  published  each  succeeding  Month   until  the  completion  of  the   Edition  in    DECEMBER,    1909. 

The  Standard  Bays :  -"  There  is  no  need  at  this  time  of  day  to  say  anything  in  praise  of  the  most  exhaustive  and  most 
varied  picture  accessible  of  national  life  during  the  march  of  events  in  no  less  than  ten  centuries. .  .  .The  work  is  now  issued  at 
one-third  of  the  original  price— a  concession  to  students  and  other  people  of  slender  purse  which  we  have  not  the  least  doubt  will 
be  not  merely  gratefully  acknowledged  but  promptly  rewarded  by  a  great  and  continuous  sale." 

The  Pall  Mall  Gazette  says:— " Sixty-six  volumes  take  vp  much  shelf  room.     The  idea  of  reducing  this  to  a  third 

without  sacrifice  of  matter  was  a  distinctly  happy  one People  to  whom  space  is  of  first  importance  will  welcome  the  re-issue 

in  its  handsome  dark  blue  covers." 

PROSPECTUS   AND  SPECIMEN   PAGES  POST-FREE   ON  APPLICATION. 


NEW     VOLUME     BY     THE     AUTHOR     OF 

'THE     DIFFICULT     WAY.' 

NOW  READY  AT  ALL  LIBRARIES   AND  BOOKSELLERS'.      Crown  Svo,  6s. 

THE    ALIEN    SISTERS. 


By  Mrs.  PERCY  DEARMER. 
Sidney  Dark  in  the  Daily  Express  says  : — "A  sincere  human  story. 
novels  that  carries  with  it  rare  intellectual  pleasure  and  stimulus." 


One  of  those  rare 


JUST  PUBLISHED.     Small  deiny  Svo,  10*.  Od.  net. 

BRITISH    SOCIALISM: 

An  Examination  of  its  Doctrines,  Policy,  Aims,  and  Practical  Purposes. 


By  J. 

Author  of  'Modern  Germany,' 


ELLIS  BARKER, 
'  The  Rise  and  Decline  of  the  Netherlands,'  <fcc. 


The  Daily  Mail  says :—"  No  review  could  do  justice  to  this  admirable  book.  The  reader 
should  buy  or  borrow  it,  and  study  it  for  himself.  It  supersedes  many  older  works  dealing 
with  the  same  question,  and  has  the  advantage  of  being  well  up  to  date." 


LORD    WANTAGE,    V.C.    K.C.B.:     a    Memoir. 

By  his  WIFE.     With  8  Portraits  in  Photogravure.    10s.  6d.  not. 
SECOND  EDITION  NOW  READY. 
The  Daily  Xews  says :— "  Lady  Wantage  deserves  hearty  congratulations  for  the  skill 
with  which  she  has  put  together  this  interesting  memoir  of  her  husband." 

THE  LIFE  AND  LETTERS  OF  ROBERT  BROWNING. 

By  Mrs.  SUTHERLAND  ORR.  NEW  AND  CHEAPER  EDITION.  Edited, 
with  a  Preface  and  an  Appendix  on  the  Portraits,  by  FREDERIC  G.  KEN  YON, 
late  Fellow  of  Magdalen  College,  Oxford.  With  2  Portraits.  Crown  8vo,  7s.  Gd. 
net.  [Shortly. 

A    LIFE    OF    WILLIAM    SHAKESPEARE. 


By  SIDNEY  LEE.  LIBRARY  EDITION, 
erravures,  Facsimiles,  Topographical  Views,  &c. 
Medium  Svo.  10s.  6d.  net. 


Profusely    illustrated    with   Photo- 
NEW  AND  CHEAPER  EDITION. 

[Shortly. 


IDLEHURST :  a  Journal  kept  in  the  Country. 

By  JOHN  HALSHAM,  Author  of  '  Lonewood  Corner,'  &C.     5s.  net. 
NEW    AND    CHEAPER    EDITION. 

The  Saturday  Benieir,  untieing  the  first  edition,  said  :— "  '  Idlehurst'  is  one  of  the  most 
•beautiful  idylls  in  English." 

NEW  VOLUME  OF  THE  "WATERLOO  LIBRARY." 

Bv  Mrs.    HENRY    DE    LA    PASTURE,   Author    of 
'  Peter's  Mother,"  &c.     NEW  EDITION.     Crown  Svo, 


ADAM    GRIGSON. 


3s.  Od. 


[Immediately. 


NEW    SIX-SHILLING    NOVELS. 


By  MARY  and  JANE   FINDLATER,   Authors  of    'A    Blind 
Bird's  Nest,'  ' The  Green  Graves  of  Balgowiie,'  Ac.     [Shortly. 

By  the  Author  of  'Miss  Molly,'  'Ingle- 
hcim,'  'The  Great  Reconciler,'  <tc. 

[March  26. 
By  JESSIE  and  CHARLES  FIELDING  MARSH. 

[//i  the  press. 

By  J.  H.  YOXALL,  M.P.,  Author  of  'Alain  Tangier's 
Wife,'  &c.  [Shortly. 


CROSSRIGGS. 

DAN  RIACH:  SOCIA 

THE    FLEMINGS. 

CHATEAU  ROYAL. 

THE    FOREFRONT    OF    THE    BATTLE. 

By  ANDREW  LORING,  Author  of  '  The  Rhymer's  Lexicon,'  &c.  [In  the  press. 

TTTTP    ■pnUTAXT  AT5XTT?13G         By  GIOVANNI  CENA.     Translated  from  the 
lxlHi    r  UXVUiW  AHINl!jtV&.        Italian    by   OLIVIA    AGRESTI     ROSSETTL 
With  an  Introduction  by  Mrs.  HUMPHRY  WARD.  [In  the  prise. 


THE    CRADLE    OF    THE    DEEP. 

By  Sir  FREDERICK  TREVES,  G.C.V.O.  C.B.  LL.D.  F.RC.S.      With  a  Coloured 
Frontispiece  and  numerous  Half-Tone  Illustrations.     SraaU  royal  Svo,  12s.  net. 

[In  the  press. 

MEMOIRS  OF  FIELD-MARSHAL  SIR  HENRY 
WYLIE     NORMAN,      G.C.B.     G.C.M.G.     C.IE. 

By  Sir  WILLIAM  LEE-WARNER,  K.C.S.I.,  Author  of  'The  Protected  Princes  of 
India,'  &c.     With  Portraits  and  Maps.    14s.  net. [March  26. 

ONE    CITY    AND    MANY    MEN. 

By  Sir    ALGERNON    WEST,    G.C.B.,   Author   of 
With  a  Frontispiece.    6s.  net. 


'  Recollectio;  -6,'  Ac. 

I  In  the  press. 


MEMORIES    OF    MEN    AND    BOOKS. 

By  Rev.  Prof.  ALFRED  JOHN  CHURCH,  M.A.,  Author  of  'Stories  from  Homer,' 
&c.    Small  demy  8vo,  8s.  6d.  net. [In  the  press. 

THE~^ICTORIAN    CHANCELLORS.     Volume  II. 

By  J.  B.  ATLAV,  Author  of  'Sir  Henry  Went  worth  Acland,  Bart.:   a  Memoir,'  <Sc. 
With  Portrait  Illustrations.     Deiny  Svo,  14s.  net.                                    [In  the  press. 
*»*  This  Volume  completes  the  Work. 

THE    PASSING    OF    MOROCCO. 

By  FREDERICK   MOORE,   Author  of   'The   Balkan  Trail.'    With  Cover  Design, 
Map,  and  12  pages  of  Illustrations.     Crown  Svo,  5s.  net  [ In  the  press. 


ISLANDS    OF    THE    VALE 

a   Coloured    Frontispiece  and    Half-Tone 
R.  B.A.     Sm*ll  demy  Svo,  7s.  Gd.  net. 


By  ELEANOR  G.  HAYDEN,  Author 

of  "Turnpike  Travellers,' <tc.     With 

Illustrations    by    J.    M.    MACINTOSH, 

[In  preparation. 


AXTTIUTAT     T  TT?f  Bv  *•   w-  GAMBLE,  D.Sc.    F.R.S.,   Lecturer   in   Zoology, 

ii-IN  IWliiLi  JLilrili.  Victoria  University,  Manchester,  Editor  of  '  Marshall  and 
Hurst's  Junior  Course  of  Practical  Zoology.'  With  numerous  Line  r*. i : .  1  Half-Tone 
Illustrations.    Crown  Svo,  6s.  net.  [In  preparation. 

ESSAYS    ON    SHAKESPEARE   AND   HIS    WORKS. 

Edited  from  the  MSS.   and   Notes  of  a  Deceased   Relative  by  Sir  SPEN8EB   ST. 
JOHN,  G.C.M.G.,  Author  of  '  Hayti ;  or,  the  Black  Republic,'  Ac.    9s.  net. 

[/71  preparation. 

HARDY    ORNAMENTAL    FLOWERING 

TREES  AND  SHRUBS.  By  A.  D.  WEBSTER,  Author  of  'Practical 
Forestry,'  'The  Foresters  Diary,'  tec  '  THIRD  AND  REVISED  EDITION. 
3s.  6d.  not  [In  March. 


London:    SMITH,  ELDER  &  CO.  15,  Waterloo  Place,  S.W. 


Editorial  Coromuuicatious  should  bo  addressed  to  "THE  EDITOR "— Advertisements  and  Business  Letters  to  "  THE  PUBLISHERS  "—at  the  Ofliec.  Breams  Buildings.  Chancery  lane.  E.C. 

Published  Weekly  by  JOHN  C.  FRANCIS  and  J.  EDWARD  rilANCI8  at  Bream's  Buildings,  (iianrory  Line.  E.C.  and  Printed  by  J.  EDWARD  FRANCIS.  J| Ilium Pre;*,  Bream's  Buildings.  Chaucer}  Line,  EC. 

Agents  for  Scutlaad,  Messrs.  BELL  A  BRADFUTE  and  Mr.  JOHN  MENZ1F.S  Edinburgh.- -Saturday.  March  H.  1908. 


THE  ATHEK^EUI 


3(0urital  0f  (Kmjlislj  ant.  Joxti^n  Xi&rataw,  ^titniz,  t\jt  Jfitt^  &tiz>  iJtasti;  m^^,|Bmrtta* 


JL 


No.  4195. 


SATURDAY,   MARCH    21,    1908. 


PRICE 
THREEPENCE. 

REGISTERED  AS  A  NEWSPAPER. 


Skctnrea. 


ROYAL  INSTITUTION  OF  GREAT  BRITAIN, 
ALBEMARLE  STREET.  PICCADILLY,  W. 
E.  A.  WALLIS  BUDGE.  Esq.  M.A.  Litt.D.  F.S.A.  will  on  TUES- 
DAY NEXT.  March  24.  at  3  o'clock,  begin  a  COURSE  of  THREE 
LECTURES  on  ' The  Egyptian  Sudan :  its  History,  Monuments,  and 
Peoples,  Past  and  Present.' 

Subscription  to  this  Course,  Half  a  Guinea ;  to  all  the  Courses  in  the 
Season,  Two  Guineas. 
Tickets  may  be  obtained  at  the  Office  of  the  Institution. 

HE      BRITISH      ACADEMY. 


T 


SCHWEICH  LECTURES  ON  BIBLICAL  ARCHEOLOGY. 
The  Rev.  S.  R.  DRIVER.  D.D..  Fellow  of  the  British  Academy, 
Regius  Professor  of  Hebrew  in  the  University  of  Oxford,  will  deliver 
the  SECOND  and  THIRD  INAUGURAL  SCHWEICH  LECTURES 
on  MONDAY.  March  30,  and  THURSDAY.  April  2,  at  5  o'clock, 
in  THE  THEATRE.  BURLINGTON  HOUSE,  BURLINGTON 
GARDENS.  W.  (Vigo Street),  on  'Canaan as  known  through  Inscrip- 
tion and  Excavation.'    The  Lectures  are  open  to  the  Public. 


exhibitions. 


QHEPHERD    BROS.    SPRING    EXHIBITION 

O    OF  EARLY  BRITISH  MASTERS  includes  Choice  Works  by 
Reynolds  Hoppner  Raeburn  Cotman 

(Jainsborough  Crome  Wheatley  Vincent. 

Romnev  Constable        Wilson  Stark,  &c. 

SHEPHERDS  GALLERY,  27,  King  Street,  St.  James's,  S.W. 


DURER,  REMBRANDT,  &c.      EXHIBITION 
of  Engravings  and  Etchings  NOW  OPEN  at 

MR.  It.  GUTEKUNST'S, 
16,  King  Street.  St.  James's,  S.W.    10-6.    Is. 

T3  0YAL   SOCIETY  OF  PAINTER-ETCHERS 

l\    AND  ENGRAVERS.  6a.  Pall  Mall  East.  S.W.— 26th  ANNUAL 
EXHIBITION  NOW   OPEN,  10-6.     Admission  Is. 

W.  P.  D.  STEBBING,  Secretary. 


SPANISH 

A  R  T 

r\     A    L    L    E    R    Y, 

50,    CONDUIT    STREET,    LONDON,    W 

ART    DEALERS    AND    IMPORTERS 
OF    ANTIQUITIES     FROM     SPAIN. 

Antique  Embroideries,  Brocades, 
Velvets,  Persian  Rugs,  Armour, 
Furniture,  Gothic  Pictures, 
China,      Silver,      Enamels,     &c. 

RARE      MUSEUM      OBJECTS. 


(P- durational. 


E 


DUCATION. 

Parenti  "r  Guardians  drsirinff  nerurate  information  relative  to 
the  CHOI'''-"  of  SCHOOL*  for  BOYS  or  GIRLS  or 
TUTORS  in  England  or  Abroad 
are  Invited  to  call  ii|»on  or  send  fullv  detailed  particulars  to 
MESSRS    OARBITAS,  TUBING  &  Co.. 
io  for  more  than  thirty  yean  have  boon  closely  in  touch  with  the 
i-ling  Educational  Establishment" 

\  hi..-    fr.M-  ,,f  charge,  in  given  by  Mr    TT1RING.  Nephew  of  the 
u     tei  of  Uppingham,  .m.  BaakrUIe  street,  London,  w 

DRAPERS'  COMPANY'S  GIRL8'  SCHOLAR 

/  SHIPS. 


DB  \  PURS  COM  PAN  Y  are  almut  to  award  THREE  SCHOLAR- 
^lll  PS  to  enable  apt  i  lally  promising  dtrls  to  study  at  some  place  "f 
.h    weed  education,  either  la  Special  Suhjects  to  he  approved  by  the 
mi   or   for  tin-  Degree   Examination  of  a  University  in  the 
i  Kingdom. 
The  Bcbolarshlpfl  will  heof  the  valueofflOi   per  annum  each,  and 
will  he  tenable  for  Two  or  Three  Years.    To  lie  eligible  for  them.  Girls 
must,  be  between  n  and  19  yeanof  age  and  mint  have  mason  pome 
approved  Public  Examination  and  give  other  evidence  satisfactory  to 
the  Company  of  successful  study.    The  Parent  or  Guardian  of 
Candidate  must  satisfy  the  Company  that  she  needs  the  aaabtwi  ■  "i 
the  Scholarship  to  carry  on  her  education. 

Further  particulars  may  lie  obtained  on  application  to  the  CLERK 
TOTHEOOMPANY,  Drapers'  Hall,  Throgmorton  Street,  London,  I  0 


D 


PAPERS 


COMPANY. 


SOLEY  SCHOLARSHIP  AND  EXHIBITION  FUND. 


The  DRAPERS'  COMPANY  are  about  to  award  TWO  SCHOLAR- 
SHIPS of  60?.  per  annum,  tenable  for  Two  or  Three  Y'ears  at  some 
place  of  Advanced  Education,  for  the  Study  of  Theoretical  or  Applied 
Science.  Art,  Medicine,  or  Law,  or  the  Degree  Examination  of  some 
University  in  the  United  Kingdom.  The  Scholarships  will  be  awarded 
to  («)  Sous  or  Grandsons,  between  16  and  IK  years  of  age.  of  Freemen  of 
the  Drapers'  Company :  (B)  other  Boys  of  the  same  age.  The  Parent 
or  Guardian  of  every  Candidate  must  satisfy  the  Company  that  he 
needs  the  assistance  of  the  Scholarship  to  carry  on  his  education. 

The  Company  will  shortly  have  the  right  also  to  nominate  for  an 
EXHIBITION  of  70?.  per  annum,  tenable  for  Three  Years  at  King's 
College.  Cambridge,  a  Son  or  Grandson  of  a  Freeman  of  the  Company 
of  not  more  than  20  years  of  age. 

Further  particulars  may  be  obtained  on  application  to  the  CLERK 
TO  THE  COMPANY,  Drapers'  Hall,  Throgmorton  Street,  E.C. 

EDUCATION  (choice  of  Schools  and  Tutors 
Gratis).  Prospectuses  of  English  and  Continental  Schools,  and 
of  successful  Army,  Civil  Service,  and  University  Tutors,  sent  Ifree 
of  charge)  on  receipt  of  requirements  by  GRIFFITHS,  SMITH. 
POWELL  &  SMITH,  School  Agents  (established  1833),  34,  Bedford 
Street.  Strand,  W.C. 


u 


Situations  Vacant. 

NIVERSITY        OF        LONDON. 


NOTICE  IS  HEREBY  GIVEN,  that  on  WEDNESDAY.  June  17 
next,  the  SENATE  will  proceed  to  elect  EXAMINERS  in  the 
following  Departments  for  the  year  1908-9. 

MATRICULATION  EXAMINERSHIPS. 

The  Examiners  appointed  will  be  called  upon  to  take  part  in  the 
Three  Examinations  of  the  year.  The  remuneration  of  each  Examiner- 
ship  consists  of  a  Retaining  Fee  for  each  Examination,  and  a.  pro  rftta 
payment  for  Papers  set.  Answers  marked,  and  Meetings  attended. 
Full  Particulars  can  be  obtained  on  application  to  the  Principal. 

1,  ENGLISH. 

2.  MATHEMATICS  (Elementary  and  more  Advanced). 
S.  LATIN. 

•1.  GREEK. 

5.  FRENCH. 

6.  GERMAN. 

7.  ELEMENTARY  PHYSICS. 

8.  ANCIENT  HISTORY. 

9.  MODERN  HISTORY. 

10.  LOGIC. 

11.  PHYSICAL  and  GENERAL  GEOGRAPHY. 

12.  GEOMETRICAL  and   MECHANICAL  DRAWING. 

13.  ELEMENTARY  CHEMISTRY. 

14.  ELEMENTARY  BOTANY. 

In  each  of  these  Subjects  there  are  Two  Examiners;  but  in  each 
case  one  of  the  present  Examiners  is  eligible,  and  offers  himself  for 
re-election. 

Candidates  must  send  in  their  names  to  the  Principal,  with  any 
attestation  of  their  qualifications  tbev  may  think  desirable,  on  or 
before  WEDNESDAY.  April  15.  If  Testimonials  are  submitted. 
three  copies  should  be  forwarded.  Original  Testimonials  should  not 
be  sent.  If  more  than  one  Examinership  is  applied  for.  a  separate 
complete  Application  must  be  forwarded  for  each.  (It  is  particularly 
desired  that  no  application  of  any  kind  be  made  to  individual 
Members  of  the  Senate.) 

By  Older  of  the  Senate. 

ARTHUR  W.  BICKER,  Principal. 

University  of  London.  South  Kensington,  S.W. 
March,  1908. 


C 


WELSH  INTERMEDIATE   EDUCATION   ACT.   1889. 

E  N  T  R  A  L         WELSH         BOARD. 


APPOINTMENT  OF  ASSISTANT  EXAMINERS 
The  EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE  of  the  BOARD  will  shortly 
proceed  to  the  appointment  of  ASSISTANT  EXAMINERS  in  the 
following  Subjects  :-T\VO  in  ENGLISH  LANGUAGE  AND 
LITERATURE;  TWO  in  MATHEMATICS;  ONE  ill  WELSH; 
TWO  in  FRENCH;  and  ONE  in  DRAWING. 

Particulars  relating  to  the  Appointments  mav  be  obtained  from  the 
undersigned  not  later  than  TUESDAY.  March  21.  1908,  Applicants 
are  requested  to  name  the  Subject  In  respect  of  which  they  desire 
information  OWEN  OWEN.  Chief  Inspector. 

Central  Welsh  Board,  Cardiff.  March  9.  1908. 


T>OYAL       HOLLOWAY      COLLEGE. 
\j  (UNIVERSITY  OF  LONDON.) 

The  GOVERNORS  will  shortly  appoint  :— 

1.  A  RESll'ENT  LECTURER  IN  MATHEMATICS. 

2.  A  RESIDENT  ASSISTANT  LECTURER  and  DEMON- 
STRATOR In  BOTANY. 

The  Candidates  who  arc  appointed  will  be  expected  to  come  into 
residence  In  October.  1MB, 

Applications  for  these  posts,  accompanied  by  four  copies  of  Testi 
monlala,  should  be  scut  by  APRIL  Hi  to  the  PRINCIPAL,  from  whom 
all  particulars  may  now  be  obtained. 

UNIVERSITY  COLLEGE  OF  SOUTH  WALES 
AND  MONMOUTHSHIRE. 
COLEG    PRIFATHROFAOL    DEREUDIR    OYMRU 
A     MYNWY.     CAERDYDD. 

The  COUNCIL  of  the  COLLEGE  invites  application  for  the  post  of 
professor  of  GREEK,  al  the  annual  Salarj  ofMOL 

Further  particulars  may  be  obtained  from  the  undersigned,  to 
whom  applications,  with  Testimonials,  should  be  sent  on  or  before 
SATURDAY.  May  2.  I!«i8. 

.1.  AUSTIN  JENKINS.  B.A..  Registrar. 

February  7,  1W8 


B 


OROUGH       OF       SOUTHEND  -  ON  -  SEA. 


PUBLIC  LIBRARY. 
The  COMMITTEE  require  the  services  of  a  SECOND  ASSISTANT 
(Male),    Age  no!  toezoaedSO.    Previous  experience  essential    Salary 
r>oj.  |wr  annum. 

Applications,  accompanied  hv  copies  of  not  more  than  throe  recent 
Testimonials,  and  endorsed  "library  Assistant."  to  he  delivered  to 
the  undersigned  not  Inter  than  MoNliAY.  Man  h  30,  i'«'" 

wii,i.i\m  clay,  Borough  Librarian. 

Public  Library.  Hout  iei,.l  on  It  I 


Yearly  Subscription,  free  by  post,  Inland, 
15s.  3d. ;  Foreign,  18s.  Entered  at  the  New 
York  Post  Office  as  Second  Class  matter. 


B 


REWOOD      GRAMMAR      SCHOOL, 

STAFFORDSHIRE. 

A  HEAD  MASTER  is  required  for  the  aliove  School,  to  enter  upon 
his  duties  AFTER  the  EASTER  VACATION.  Salary  200?..  with 
Capitation  Fees,  amountingto  ii-il.  for  the  last  year.  Accommodation 
for  36  Boarders  in  the  Head  Master's  House. 

The  School  is  in  receipt  of  Grants  from  the  Board  of  Education. 
There  is  an  Agricultural  Side,  which  is  maintained  by  Special  Grants 
from  the  Staffordshire  County  Council. 

Candidates  must  be  Graduates  of  a  University  in  the  United 
Kingdom. 

Applications,  accompanied  by  copies  of  not  more  than  three  recent 
Testimonials,  and.  if  desired,  the  Names  of  Referees,  must  be  received 
on  or  before  APRIL  2  next  by  the  undersigned,  from  whom  further 
particulars  can  be  obtained. 

FREDERICK  T   LANGLEY,  Clerk  to  the  Governors. 

Darlington  Street.  Wolverhampton. 
March  18,  1908. 

niTY      OF      YORK      PUBLIC      LIBRARY. 

An  ASSISTANT  WANTED.  Applications  are  invited  for  a 
vacancy  on  the  Staff  of  Senior  Assistants.  Candidates  (Male  or 
Female)  may  not  be  under  21  years  of  age,  and  they  must  have 
experience  in  the  service  of  a  Public  Free  Library,  with  BOIUC 
practical  knowledge  of  Cataloguing  and  Classification.  Salary  i;.V. 
Applications,  stating  age,  &c.  accompanied  bv  copies  of  three  recent 
Testimonials,  must  be  delivered  not  later  than  THURSDAY, 
April  2,  1908,  to 

ARTHUR  H.  FURNISH,  City  Librarian. 

Clifford  Street.  York,  May,  1908. 

WANTED  IMMEDIATELY,  by  a  WEST- 
END  PUBLISHER,  a  first-class  STENOGRAPHER  and 
TY'PIST.  Accuracy  and  speed  essential.  Preference  will  be  given  to 
Candidates  used  to  Indexing  and  Card-System  of  Letter  Filing. 
German  and  Italian  Correspondence  essential.  French  desirable. 
Lady  or  Gentleman  used  to  Publisher's  routine  preferred. — Letters 
only.'  stating  experience.  Salary,  and  when  free,  to  P.  L.  W..  y>. 
Motcomb  Street.  S.W. 


Situations  (lotantrtr. 

MR.  S.  GANT  begs  to  inform  the  Trade  that 
he  has  severed  his  connexion  with  Messrs.  Hodder  .'": 
Stonghton,  and  is  NOW  OPEN  to  receive  an  OFFER  for  FRFSH 
APPOINTMENT,  either  Town.  Country,  or  Export.  Advertiser 
has  been  with  the  firm  12  years,  and  in  charge  of  the  Country 
Department  for  the  last  21  years.— Address  5,  Cranfield  Villas,  West 
Norwood. 

T  IBRARIAN'S     ASSISTANT.—  RE- ENGAGE- 

JJ  MENT  DESIRED  in  Technical  or  Scientific  Library  or 
Museum.  Has  had  experience  in  similar  post.— Box  laH").  Athenaeum 
Press,  13,  Bream's  Buildings,  Chancery  Lane,  K.C. 


jHiscrUnnriuts. 


PRIVATE  TOURS  FOR  GENTLEWOMEN.— 
Medieval  Chateaux  of  France.  Province  of  Touraine  Fontaine- 
blcau.  Versailles  &c.  APRIL  2.  Italian  Tour  repeated  APRIL  29 
(Rome  Naples  Venice,  Florence,  4c).  Switzerland.  dUNE.  Refer* 
ences  exchanged.— Miss  BISHOP.  2".  St.  George's  Road,  Kilhurn,  N.\V. 

CAMBRIDGE  UNIVERSITY  GRADUATE 


A 


and  Barrister-at-Law  would  be  glad  of  the  post  of  READER  for 
some  PUBLISHING  FIRM,  or  for  the  Editorship  of  the  Literary 
PaL'c  in  b  Newspaper.  Fifteen  years'  experii  nee  In  Literary  Journalism, 

The  Author  of  several  successful  Rooks.— Please  apply  for  particulars 
to  X  .  National  Liberal  Club,  London. 

LITERARY  RESEARCH  undertaken  at  the 
British  Museum  and  elsewhere  on  moderate  terms.  Excellent 
Testimonials— A.  B..  Box  1068,  Athcna?um  Press,  1:1,  Breams 
Buildings.  Chancery  Lane,  E.C. 

LIBRARY  of  the  late  Mr.  ROBERT  WHITE. 
Worksop.   Notts,   the   well  known   Antiquary,   Collector,   and 

Publisher 

The  whole  Of  the  above-named  valuable  Scarce  and  Curious  Old 
Books,  comprising  some  5,000  \  olumea  (more  or  lessi  to  be  disposed  of 
bv  Private  Treaty  i  «  Woe. 

The  Books  will  lie  on  view  at  Mr  Whites  bttfl  residence.  Park  Place. 
Worksop,  on  and  from  MONDAY  March  SB,  until  SATURDAY. 
April  4.  Pins,  where  they  may  be  inspected  l.y  bona  fide  intending 
Purchasers, 

All  Sealed  Tenders  must  be  rent  In  to  Mrs.  HIRHWoop.  d,,. 
Administratrix,  at  the  almvc  address,  on  or  licfoic  TUESDAY. 
April  T,  IOCS 

As  the  Estate  must  he  wound  up  without  delay,  the  highest  T<  >..!<  r 
(for  C:islii  will  lie  accepted. 

N.B.-  -Offers  for  Bingle  Books,  or  Lota,  cannot  bo  entertained. 

AUNTOUE    OPPORTUNITY    occurs    for    the 
PURCHASE  of  valuable  OOPYRTGHTR  ol  NOVRI  B    G 
Sis.it.  and  Agricultural  Volumos     Pull  particulars  can  he  bad  by 
applying  to  A.  R  .  Box  1384,  Athonajum  Prnss,  is,  Bream's  Boil 
Chancery  Lane,  R  0 

ARUNDEL    CHROMOS.      Large    nnmber    in 
stock     Many  rare  ones     Band  Strap  foi  this   Mi 

LIST  (giving  slxe  and  sb«l f  eachl 

SAINT  .H'l'KS  DEPOT.  Birmingham. 

ARfiONAUT       CRUIS.Es 


S.  V. 


til  U«      MARSEILLES,  TUNIS.  SICILY.  NAPLES.  APRIL  1       '< 
Al'RM.  -'     MM     11 
Apply  SECRETARY.  5,  Kndslelgh  Gardens.  N .W. 


338 


T  II  E     AT  II  K\yK  U  M 


No.  U95.  Maim  ii  21,  1908 


THE 


AUTOTYPE  COMPANY, 

74,  NEW  OXFORD  STREET,  LONDON. 

MONOCHROME   COPIES 

BY    TIIK 

PERMANENT  AUTOTYPE  CARBON 

PROCESS  OF  PICTURES  BY 

OLD  MASTERS. 

From  the  Principal  Collections  of  Note. 

NUMEROUS   EXAMPLES   OF  WORKS 
BY  MODERN  ARTISTS. 

TIIK  U'TOTYl'K  COMPANY'S  I'ROCESSKS  OF 
I'KKMANKNT  PHOTOGRAPHIC  KKPRODUCTIOX 
are  extensively  employed  by  the  Trustees  of  the  British 
Museum,  the  Local  Government  Board,  many  of  the 
Le.irneil  Societies,  ami  leading  Publfahers. 

COPIKS  OF  COINS,  SEALS,  MEDALS, 
Mss.,  DRAWINGS,  ENGRAVINGS,  ART 
OBJECTS,    MICROSCOPIC    WORK,   &C. 

Inquiries  are  invited  from  those  requiring  Book 
Illustrations  of  the  very  highest  quality. 

SPECIMENS  AND  ESTIMATES  SUBMITTED. 


POST    I'HKK   ON    AFTLHAI  [OK 

ri   A  T   A   L  O  C    U   K        (  N  <-.        2  :i  7  ), 

\j  jow   urn  1 1'   "i 

man  editions  or  esteemed  authors  and 

BOOK    ILLUSTRATIONS  OP  'HIE  XlXth  CENTUBT. 

WORKS    O.N    BPOatl     AND    PASTIMES,    At. 

MA ccs     BBO 

n  in  Hal  ••'"'i  Esse  Books,  Prints,  and  Autogrs 

I'm.  STRAND.   LONDON,  w.c. 

Other  CLASSIFIED  CATALOGUES  [many  illustrated'  arc  current 
Mid  »iil  i"'  sent  port  fret  on  application. 


THE  AUTOTYPE  FINE-ART 
CATALOGUE. 

ENLARGED    EDITION,    with    Hundreds    of    Miniature 

Photographs  and  Tint  Block  of  Notable  Autotypes. 

For   convenience   of    reference   the   Publications    are 

arranged  Alphabetically  under  Artists'  Names. 

Post  Free,  ONE  SHILLING. 


A    VISIT  OF  INSPECTION   IS    INVITED   TO 

THE  AUTOTYPE  FINE  ART  GALLERY, 

74,  NEW  OXFORD  STREET,  LONDON,  W.C. 


riiirs,  &r. 


TYPE-WRITING,  9(7.  per  1,000  words.  All 
kinds  of  MSS.,  Stories.  Plays.  Novels,  &c,  accurately  TYPED. 
Clear  Carbon  Copies.  8&  per  1,000.  References  to  well-known  Authors. 
Oxford  Higher  Local.— M.  KING,  21,  Forest  Koad,  Kew  Gardens,  b.W . 

TYPE- WRITING  undertaken  by  highly  educated 
Women  (Classical  Tripos;  Cambridge  Higher  Local:  Modern 
Languagesl.  Research,  Revision,  Translation.  Shorthand.  Dictation 
Room.-THE  CAMBRIDGE  TYPE  WRITING  AGENCY,  in.  Duke 
Street,  Adelphi,  W.O.  


Catalogues. 

ANCIENT  and  MODERN  COINS.— Collectors 
and  Antiquarians  are  invited  to  apply  to  BPINK  A  SON, 
Limited,  for  Specimen  Copy  (gratis)  of  their  NUMISMATIC  URCU- 
LAK  The  finest  Greek,  Roman,  and  English  Coins  on  View  and  for 
Sale  at  Moderate  Pi  ices.-SPINK  A  SON.  Limiteu,  Experts,  Valuers 
and  Cataloguers,  16.  17.  and  18,  Piccadilly.  London,  W.  Established 
upwards  of  a  Century. 


M 


M 


A    O     G     S  B    R    O    S., 

109,  Strand,  London.  W.C  , 

DEALERS  IN  RARE  AND  VALUABLE  BOOK8. 

PRINTS.  AND  AUToorai-Hs 

CATALOGUES    sent    post    free   to   all    parts   of   the  World. 

Export  Orders  solicited. 

Telegraphic  and  Cable  Address:  "  Blbliollte,  London.' 

Telephone  :  "Gerrard  1864.  ' 


BO  OK  8.  —  WILLIAM  BROUGH  &  BONS, 
Booksellers  and  Exi>orters.  are  prepared  to  give  highest  CSSb 
prices  for  Libraries  of  any  description  and  oi  any  magnitude.  Gentle- 
men, Executors  and  others,  should  communicate  with  WILLIAM 
BROUGH  A  SONS,  who  are  at  all  times  prepared  to  give  full  cash 
value  for  Books  in  nil  Brandies  of  Literature.  Vendors  will  find  this 
method  of  disposing  of  their  Properties  to  he  much  more  advantageous 
than  Auction,  while  the  worry,  delay,  and  expense  inseparable  to 
will    he   entirely  obviated.      CATALOGUES  gratis.— 


Auction    Sale 

SIS,    Broad  Street,    Birmingham. 

"  Bibliopole,  Birmingham." 


"READERS   AND  COLLECTORS  should  write 

IV  for  J.  BALDWINS  MONTHLY  CATALOGUE  of  SECOND- 
HAND BOOKS,  post  free  on  application.  Genuine  bargains  in  First 
Editions  and  Scarce  Items.  Books  in  all  Branches  of  Literature. 
No  fancy  prices.  Parcels  sent  on  approval  if  desired.— Address  14, 
Osborne  Road,  Leyton,  Essex. 

BOOKS.— ALL  OUT-OF-PRINT  and  RARE 
BOI  »KS  on  any  •abject  SUPPLIED.  The  most  expert  Bookflnder 
extant.  Please  state  wants  and  ask  for  CATALOGUE.  I  make  a 
special  feature  of  exchanging  any  Saleable  Rooks  for  others  selected 
from  my  various  Lis!  .,  Spei  lal  Lis!  of  2,000  Rooks  1  particularly  want 
post  free.— ED  W.  BAKER'S  Great  Bookshop,  1 1  16,  John  Bright  street. 
Birmingham.  Oscar  Wilde's  Poems,  21s.,  for  10s.  6cl. ;  Harnisworth's 
Enoyclonmdia,  10  vols,  last  edit.,  25*. ;  Who's  Who.  -J  vols.  liiuT.  58. 

WOODCUTS,  EARLY  BOOKS,  MSS.,  Ac. 

LEIGHTON'S  ILLUSTRATED  CATALOGUE, 
Containing  1,860  Facsimiles. 
Thick  8vo,  art  cloth,  ». ;  half-morocco.  30s. 
Part  XIIL,   Oal- Ohrys,  with  164  Facsimiles.  Including  Berners's 
Froissnrr,  Cambridge  Bindings,   Capgrave,  1016,  Cepio,  1477,   and  a 
large  collection  of  Early  Chronicles.  ( .Voir  ready.    Price  2s. 

J.  A  J.  LEIGHTON, 
40,  Brewer  Street,  Golden  Square,  London,  W. 


B 


O  O  K 

Largest  Stock  in  London  of 

PUBLISHERS'  REMAINDER  STOCKS. 

All  in  perfectly  New  condition,  as  originally  publish*  1,  but  at 

GREATLY  REDUCED  PRICES. 

Catalogues  post  free. 

WILLIAM  GLAISHER.  Remainder  and  Discount  Bookseller, 

265,  High  Holhoru,  Loudon. 


Established   1345.      Telegrams— 


CATALOGUE  No.  48.  — Drawings  of  the  Early 
English  School—  Turner's  Liber  Studiorum,  and  other  Engravings 
after  Turner— Etchings  by  Turner,  S.  Palmer,  Whistler  —  Japanese 
Colour  Prints— Fine-Art  Rooks— Works  by  Ruskin.  Post  free,  Six- 
pence.—\VM.  WARD,  2.  Church  Terrace,  Richmond,  Surrey. 


Jvittljors'  JVgfttts. 


THE  AUTHOR'S  AGENCY.— Established  1879. 
The  interests  of  Authors  capably  represented.    Agreements  foi 

Publishing  arranged.   MSS.  placed  with  Piihli.-hers.-Teriiis  end  Test! 
monials  on  application  to  Mr.  A.  M.  BURGHLS.  84,  Paternoster  Row 


^alfs  by  Ruction. 


';/•  toluobU  CoU  Bngravingi 

the  I""  Mr.  SYDNEY  GM 

l     jjRS.  -oi  HEBY,  WILKLN8QN A  HODGE 


Coins  and  Medals. 

MESSRS.  SOTHEBY,  WILKINSON  &  HODGE 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION  at  their  House.  No.  13,  Wellington 
Street,  Strand,  W.C.  on  MONDAY,  March  23.  and  Following  Dav.  at 
1  o'clock  precisely.  COINS  and  MEDALS,  comprising  English 
Continental  American,  and  Oriental  Coins  in  Gold,  Silver,  and 
Conner— Tokens  of  the  Eighteenth  and  Nineteenth  Centuries  m  Silver 
and  Copper.  Ac.  including  the  COLLECTION  of  A  RADFORD.  Esq.. 
comprising  a  fine  Series  of  George  III.  Spade  and  Shield  Guineas  in 
mint  condition;  the  important  COLLECTION pi 'BRITISH  and 
COLONIAL  COINS,  the  Property  of  .J.  B.  CALDECOTT  Esq  mostly 
in  unusually  fine  condition  and  purchased  at  the  Sales  of  famous 
Cd  -'ions-  the  COLLECTION  of  ENGLISH  COINS  of  the  late 
STIRLING  WOTTON.  Esq.  :  the  COLLECTION  of  GREEK. 
GR.EOO-BACTRIAN  and  ORIENTAL  COINS  of  Sir  BARTLE 
FRERE  Bart.,  D.S.O..  comprising  Coins  of  Syracuse  in  Gold. 
Electoral  and  Silver.  MohurS  and  Dinars  of  various  Dynasties. 
&c-  the  COLLECTION  of  the  late  THOMAS  GRANT.  Esq..  of 
Pocklington  (sold  hv  order  of  the  Executorsi,  comprising  a  large  and 
important  Series  of  English  Tokens  in  Silver  and  Copper  of  the 
Eighteenth  and  Nineteenth  Centuries,  and  n  few  English  Coins  of 
various  Reigns— Coin  Cabinets  and  Numismatic  Books. 
May  be  viewed.    Catalogues  may  he  had. 

The  valuable  Library  of  JOHN  MORGAN,  Esq.,  deceased, 
of  Rubislaw  Uouse,  Aberdeen. 

MESSRS.  SOTHEBY,  WILKINSON  &  HODGE 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION  |bv  order  of  the  Executors),  at  their 
House  No.  13.  Wellington  Street,  Strand.  W.C.  on  WEDNESDAY. 
March  25  and  Following  Dav.  at  1  o'clock  precisely,  the  valuable 
LIBRARY'  of  J.  MORGAN,  Esq.,  deceased,  of  Aberdeen,  comprising 
rare  Poetical  Works-Extra-Illustrated  Books— Modern  Illustrated 
Works— a  large  Collection  of  the  Writings  of  John  Ruskin,  many  of 
which  are  printed  for  private  circulation  only— Swinburne— -Burns 
Poems  First  Edinburgh  Edition— Carlyle's Historical  Works— Limited 
Editions  of  Modern  Works-Art  Publications-Writings  of  »\il!ia:n 
Morris— Early  Aberdeen  Printing— Arabian  Nights-Tales  from  the 
Arabic  4c  14  vols.— Modem  Presses,  including  the  Essex  House  and 
Vale  Press— an  extensive  Series  of  the  Rubaiy.it  of  Omar  Khayyam, 
chiefly  the  Translations  of  Edward  Fit7.Gerald— OflV-ium  Beat;e  Manic 
Virginia,  MS.  upon  vellum.  Socc.  XV.— valuable  Reference  Books- 
Works  illustrated  by  Thomas  Bewick— Reprints  of  Scarce  Publications 
—British  Poets,  " Pickerings  Aldine  Edition.'  63  vols.— Turner  s  1  ier. s 
in  England  and  Wales,  and  Southern  Tour.  ,_,„,_, 

Many  of  the  books  are  in  beautiful  bindings  by  /.aehnsdorf,  Riviere. 
the  Guild  of  Women  Binders.  Chaml>ollc-Duru.  Bosc,  Ac. 

May  be  viewed  two  days  prior.     Catalogues  may  be  had. 


jj±.    will  ITIO!!  (bye 

IllDgton    Mr  o  il', .\  DAY. 

April  '  ■  »l7.  the  taluable 

(  ■  .1.1.1.'  1  I"',     f  KNGII  \  I  l»H  *  «  ING  - 

l:,to  Mr    SYDNEY    GROSE.   cooiprbli  traits. 

Ac.  principally   by    Knguah    Arti-u   of    the   Kit* 
it,:1n\  printed  In   Cokmn    a  large  nnml«-i  <>i  .«tly 

fine  old  Coloured   D  Portraits  o(  <  elr'nted  Americans— 

ind  Topograph!!  ,1  PrlnU—  Water  <  olour  an    othrf  Drawings. 

May  I/,-  viewed  two  days  prior.    Catalogues  may  l<e  had. 

VdhtabU  Laic  Book*. 

MESSRS.    HODG80N    k    CO.    will   SELL  by 
AUCTION    at    their  Rooms.    US,    Chancery   Laa*    W  ( 
FRIDAY.    March    87.    »l    I    0  clack.    VALUABLE     LAW 
Including  aflnc  and  oomplete  Set  of  the  L 

>.,:.,!  it. ,u,  <■-.;  to  I'.'ii.  in  -j<>,  >  •   and 

io:>  vols.— the  Ijiw  Journal  R«-j,ori»  from 
I  Si!  to  1886,  in  188  u,!.  -  the  Times  Law  Bsporta  from  !-•".  t-  • 
)V  vols.— the  Reused  Report*.  71  vala.— En< y.  lopwlia  of  Forms  and 
wit*.  II  vols.— CampU-ll «  Ruling  C:.~-s.  26  vols.— a  Brlectioo 
of  Recent  Test  Books;  alio  a  Ma  bogany  lU^okcase.  a  Rosewood  Oiien 
I  ,  Ofltceand  Board-Boom  Tar*  -.  fa  . 

To  be  I  iewed  and  Catalogues  had. 

Collection  of  Engravimgt '/,/  ffethsr. 

MESSRS.    HODGSON  &   CO.    will  BELL   U 
AUCTION,  at  th.-ir  Rooms,   lit,  <i  ■    w  c .  on 

TUESDAY,   March  -';'.  at  1   o'clock,  a  remarkable  COLLBCTIOH  of 
ENGRAVINGS  '  y  WENCESLAL'S  HoLLAR.  coniprieing  upwards  of 

eparate    Plates,    many   in    Early  States,   including  the 
Bi  ■:■■<*■  of  London,   the  Interior  of  the  R< 

long  View  of  Greenw  icb,  and  others— Toi^igrai.hical  and  Architectural 
Views   both   English  and    Foreign— Hi  Naval  Subjects- 

Sets  of  the  Ornatus  Muliebril  Anglicanus  hu.1  the  Four  Seasons— the 
Lirge  Sacramental  Chalice— and  other  rare  Plates. 

To  be  viewed  and  Catalogues  had. 

M iscellv  nemis  Books,  including  the  Library  of  the  late 
Dr.  W.  J.  PALMER  (by  order  of  the  Executor*). 

MESSRS.   HODGSON    &  CO.    will  BELL 
AUCTION  at  their   Rooms.     1)3.    Chancery  Lane.   W.C.  on 
WEDNESDAY.    April    1.    and    Following   Day,    at   1    o'clock.    ' 
CELLANEOUS  BOOKS,  including  the  above  LIBRARY,  and 
Properties,  comprising  Topographical  and  Antiquarian  Works— 4  i 
Visitations  of  England.  Wales,  and  Ireland.  16  vols  —  Skelton's  Mary 
Stuart— I.indlev's    Sertnm    Orchidaoeum— Omitholoeical    Works    by 
Meyer.  Hewitson   and  Morris— Books  on   India— Standard  Historical. 
Philosophical,  and  Theological  Works— Engravings.  Ac. 

Catalogues  are  preparing. 

Rnre  and  Valuable  Boots, 

MESSRS.    HODGSON   &   CO.    will   BELL    by 
AUCTION,   at   their   R.  onis.   115.    Chancery    Lan-     ■   I 
WEDNESDAY.  April  8.  and  Following  Day.  at  1  oeloek.  RARE  and 
VALUABLE  BOOKS,  comprising  Books  in   Old   English  Liter.' 
SELECTED    FROM     A    COUNTRY.     LIBRARY,    and    other    Pi 
perties— Drnvton's  Poems  Lyric  and  Pastoral  (1605'  and  the   r 
-     in   i   vol  —  Daniel's  'Whole  Works.   1688—  the    Fourth    1 
Shakespeare,  with  the    Portrait   from   the  Second   Folio  inserted— 
Parkinson's  Paradisi.  Original  Edition.  1689— Suckling's  Fra.men'i 
Aurea,  1646— Goldsmith's  Vicar  of  Wakefield.  First  Edition.  2  vol- . 
i:  16  and  other  Rare  and  Early  Editions  in  Seventeenth  and  Eighteenth 
Century  Literature— the  Original  Edition  of  T)veGeini-B,>ok*  relating 
to  America— Ackermann's  Oxford  and  Cambridge  Universities,  4  vols, 
umut— Coloured  Plate  Books  by  Aiken  and  others,   in   the  original 
wrap|>ers—  Old  Scrap  Books  and  Albums;   also  valuable   Standard 
Works,  comprising  the  Best  Editions  of  Shakespeare.  Bacon.  Beaumont 
and  Fletcher.  Swift.  Bentham.  Froude  (30  vols.',  and  many  others— 
Goupils   Historical    Monographs,   including   the   Mary   Stuart   and 
Queen  Elizabeth,  &c. 

Catalogues  on  ai -plication. 


Engravings,  Drawings,  and  Historical  Portraits. 

MESSRS.  SOTHEBY,  WILKINSON  &  HODGE 
will  SELL  In  AUCTION  at  t h.-ir  II. «use.  No.  13,  Wellington 
Street  Strand  W  C,  on  FRIDAY,  March  27.  at  1  o'clock  precisely, 
ENGRAVINGS  and  DRAWINGS,  including  Historical  Portraits, 
the  Property  of  a  LADY;  ■  COLLECTION  of  MEZZOTINT 
FORTH  A  ITS  by  J.  Smith  and  other  Early  Engravers,  formed  by 
•/GENTLEMAN'  in  the  EIGHTEENTH  CENTURY  ;  ETCHINGS 
by  Wenzel  Hollar  and  Claude  Lorraine.  Drawings  by  Old  Masters 
and  others,  the  Property  of  ■  LADY  ;  a  few  Fancy  Buhjecta,  fa 

May  be  viewed  two  days  prior.    Catalogues  may  he  had. 


Books  aud  Manuscripts,  including  a  Portion  of  the  Library  of 
the  late  JAMES  C.  DICK,  Esq.,  of  yvwoasOe-vn-Tyne. 

MESSRS.  SOTHEBY,  WILKINSON  &  HODGE 
will  SELL  by  auction  (by  order  of  the  Executors),  at  their 
House.  No.  13.  Wellington  Street.  Strand,  W.O..cn  MONDAY  Mai 
:,„  i  Following  Day.  at  1  o'clock  pre.  Isely,  BOOMandMANDSCRIPTS, 
including  a  I'ORTloN  ,,.  the  LIBRARY  of  the  late  JAMES  •' 
dick  Esq  .  of  Newoastle-ou-Tyne.  and  other  Properties,  comprising 
Poetical  Biographical,  and  Historical  Works— Theology— Books 
relating  to  Scotland  -  Toi>ographj  -  Bngravings—  Tracts  —  Sporting 
Rook*  and  Works  on  Natural  History  and  Botany— Reviews  and 
Periodicals— Foreign  Publications— Illustrated  Works— a  Sen,--  ol 
English  Scotch  and  Irish  Song  Rooks.  *i\,  including  Burnsi 
Poems  the  original  Kilmarnock  Edition.  I78A,  and  otharTvorirs  by 
Robert  Rums— Arch-eologia  Cantiann.  20  \ols  Journal  of  Hellenic 
Studies— The  Ibis.  27  vols..  1878-1906— The  Entomologist,  i-< 
Llnnean  Socloty's  Transactions— Collections  of  Views —Old  n,-..- 
rjapers— Archieologica]  Works-Collier's  Book  of  Roxburghe  Ballads. 
the  Author's  Original  Proof  Copy.  810, 

May  be  viewed  two  days  prior.    Catalogues  may  be  had. 


Curiosities. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS'S  NEXT  BALE 
CURIOSITIES  will  take  place  on  TUESDAY  I 
half-past  12  o'clock,  and  will  include  an  interesting  COLLECTION  of 
ROMAN  and  GREEK  LAMPS.  BOTTLES.  DISHES,  and  other 
\  ESSELS— Oriental  and  English  China— Bronses— Bun  Dials- 
Chinese.  Japanese,  and  Thibetan  Curios-alwut  Fifty  Lots  of  Baxter 
Prints— Pictures— Etchings.  Ac.,  and  the  usual  Miscellaneous 
Collection. 

On  view  dav  prior  10  to  4  and  morning  ot  Sale.    Catalogues  on 
application  to 88,  King  Street.  Covent   Garden.  W.C 

Sales  of  Miscellaneous  Property. 

MR,  J.    C.    STEVENS   begs  to  announce   th.it 
SALES  are  held  EVERY  FRIDAY,  at  bis  Ro. 
Street,  Covent  Garden,   London.  W.C.  for  the  disposal  of   MICRO 
SCOPES.    SLIDES,    and    OBJECTIVES  — Telescopes— Theodolites— 
Levels— Electrical  and  Scientific  Instruments— Camera-    I 
all  kinds  of  Photographic  Apparatus— Optical  Lanterns,  with  > 
and  all  Accessories    in    great    variety    by    Best    Makers— Household 
Furniture — lewellery— an.l  other  Miscellaneous  Property. 

On  v  iew  Thursday  2  to  s  and  morning  of  Sale. 

MESSRS.  PUTTICK  &  SIMPSON  will   SELL 
bv   AUCTION  at  their  Galleries.  47,  Leicester  Square.    \l  I 
on    FRIDAY.  March  27.  at    ten  minutes  past    1  o'clock  pre,:- 
COLLECTION  of   fine  ENGRAVINGS   ol    the    EARLY   ENGLISH 
SCHOOL,  comprising  Fancy  Subjects  and   Portraits   together  with  I 
Collection  of  Fir-t   State    Impret  Samnel   Cousins,  the  Pro 

IH-rty  of  Mr.  THOS   Mi  LEAN,  formerly  of  the  Haymarket.  who  has 
retired  from  bo 

Catalogues  may  l>e  had  on  receipt  of  penny  stamp. 

MESSRS.  PUTTICK  &  SIMPSON  will  SELL 
by  AUCTION,  at  their  Galleries,  47.  Leicester  Square.  W  1 
on  TUESDAY.  April  7.  and  Following  Day.  at  ten  minutes  past 
1  o'clock  precisely  a  COLLECTION  of  BOOKS  in  all  Branches  of 
Literature,  including  the  LIBRARY  of  the  late  JOHN  BINGLE. 
Esq.  (by  order  of  the  Executors'. 


MESSRS.    CHRISTIE,    M ANSON   sv   WOODS 
respectfully  give    notice  that  they  will  hold    the    foil 
SALES  bv  Al  t'TIoN  at  their  Great  Rooms.  King  Street.  E 
Square,  the  Sale  commencing  at  1  o'clock  precisely  :  — 

On     MONDAY,     March     23,      the      important 

COLLECTION  of  MODERN  PICTURES  and  DRAWINGS  of 
G.  R.  BURNETT,  Esq 

On   WEDNESDAY,    March   25,    JEWELS    of 

the  late  LADY  WARREN  VERNON,  the  late  J.  A.  NOTT.  Esq..  and 

°  On  THURSDAY,  March  26,  OLD  ENGLISH 
EflLl  BR  PLATE  of  the  late  A.  H3CHENS.  Esq.,  the  late  Mns  A.  o. 
BARTLETT,  and  others. 

On   ERIDAY.    March    27,    PORCELAIN    and 

FAIENCE  objects  of  Art  and  Old  English  and  French  Furniture, 
the  COLLECTION  ofCLADDEA.  0.  IVNSONRY 

On  SATURDAY.  March  28,  important  PIC- 
TURES 1-.  OLD  MASTERS  and  WORKS  of  the  EARLY  ENGLISH 
CHOOL 


No.  4195,  March  21,  1908 


THE     ATHENAEUM 


339 


JHaga^hus,  $tt. 


rpHE   BUILDER    (founded    1842),  4,    Catherine 

J-     Street,  London,  W.C.,  MARCH  21,  contains  :— 
FOREIGN  BUILDING  REGULATIONS  :  I. 
RADCLIFFE  TOWN  HALL  COMPETITION. 
BANGOUR  VILLAGE  ASYLUM  (Institute  of  Architects). 
PEVENSEY  CASTLE. 

ARCHITECTS'  BENEVOLENT  SOCIETY. 
TUBLIC  LIBRARIES.    By  Mr.  H.  T.  nare. 
REINFORCED  CONCRETE  BEAM   FORMULAE  (Students 

Column). 
PAINTED  GLASS  (Carpenters'  Hall  Lectures). 
COMPETITION   DESIGN   FOR    LONDON  COUNTY  HALL 
(Elevations,  Sections,  and  Plaus). 

From  Offices  as  above  {4d.,  by  post,  4£cZ.),  at  Rail- 
way Bookstalls,  Bookshops,  and  of  all  Newsagents. 

Demy  Svo,  cloth,  15s.  net. 

m  H  E      HISTORY      OF       ASSAM. 

By    E.    A.    GAIT,    Indian   Civil   Service. 

With  Photogravure  Plates  and  a  Map. 

Contents  .—Prehistoric  and  Traditional  Rulers.  The 
Period  from  the  Seventh  to  the  Twelfth  Centuries.  Events 
of  Thirteenth  to  Fifteenth  Centuries  (excluding  Ahom 
History).  The  Koch  Kings.  The  Rise  of  the  Ahom 
Kingdom.  The  Period  of  the  Muhammadan  Wars.  The 
Climacteric  of  Ahom  Rule.  The  Decay  and  Fall  of  the 
Ahom  Kingdom.  The  Ahom  System  of  Government.  The 
Kacharis.  The  Jaintia  Kings.  Manipur.  Sylhet.  The 
Burmese  War.  Consolidation  of  British  Rule.  Relations 
with  Frontier  Trihes.  Important  Events  of  Recent  Times 
G  rowth  of  Tea  Industry. 

W.  TH ACKER  &  CO.  2,  Creed  Lane,  E.G. 


NOW  READY,  fins  np  ,  demy  Svo,  price  12s.  M.  net. 

rjiHE      LIFE      OF      ST.      J  E  ROME, 

JL  THE  GREAT  DOCTOR  OF  THE  CHURCH. 

In  Six  Books, 

From  the  Original  Spanish  of  Father  FRAY  JOSE  DE  STGCENZA. 

Professed  Monk  of  the  Royal  Monastery  of  San  Lorenzo,  Madrid,  1J9S. 

By  MARIANA  MONTEIRO, 

Author  of  '  The  Influence  of  Catholicism  on  the  Sciences  and  on  the 

Arts,'  'As  David  and  the  Sibyls  Say,'  &c. 

With  a  Photogravure  Frontispiece. 

Copies  subscribed  for  direct  to  Miss  Monteiro,  St.  Scbolastica's  Retreat, 

Keuninghall  Road,  Clapton.  N.E.,  will  lie  signed  by  the  Author. 

SANDS,  Edinburgh;  London. 


MR.   MURRAY'S 

NEW    BOOKS. 


NEW  VOLUME  IN   THE  PROGRESSIVE 
SCIENCE  SERIES. 

HEREDITY. 

By  J.  ARTHUR  THOMSON,  Regius  Professor 
of  Natural  History  in  the  University  of  Aberdeen. 
With  Coloured  and  other  Illustrations.  Large 
crown  8vo,  '.)*.  net. 

Prof.  .1.  A.  Thomson's  comprehensive  and  longlooked-for 
work  on  Heredity  is  now  ready.  It  is  the  latest  word  on 
the  subject,  and  expounds  the  results  which  have  heen 
renched  through  the  researches  of  Mendel,  Galton,  Weis- 
iii. i  nn,  Pennon,  Bateson,  De  Vries,  and  other  workers, 
i'lic  author  deals  fully  with  such  questions  as  heredity  and 

lie  physical  basis  and  common  modes  of  inheritance, 
transmission  of  acquired  characters,  heredity  and  disease. 

olume,  which  [swell  illustrated  and  contains  coloured 
diagrams,  will  be  found  an  up-to-date  reliable  statement 
of  the  biological  facts  of  heredity. 

CATHERINE  OF  BRAGANCA, 

INFANTA    OF     PORTUCAL    AND     QUEEN 
CONSORT    OF     ENGLAND.        By    LILLIAS 
CAMPBELL    DAVIDSON.      With  Portraits  and 
r  Illustrations.     Demy  8vO,  L,5&  net. 


A  CHEAP  EDITION. 

LIFE   OF   ISABELLA   BIRD 


Mrs         BISHOP). 

3TODDART.     With 

Svo,  <m.  net. 


By       Miss 
Illustrations. 


ANNA      M. 
Large  crown 


THREE  MISS  GRAEMES 

A     N-w     Novel.        By     S.     MACNAUOHTAN, 
Author  of  'A  Lame  Dog's  Diary.'     bV 

JOHN  MURRAY,   Albemarle  Street,  W. 


MESSRS.    CONSTABLE'S    LIST. 


READY  NEXT  WEEK. 

ICE  BOUND  HEIGHTS  OF  THE  MUSTAGH.    Being  an  Account 

of  Pioneer  Exploration  and  High  Climbing  in  the  Baltistan  Himalaya.  By  FANNY  BULLOCK 
WORKMAN  and  WILLIAM  HUNTER  WORKMAN,  M.A.  M.E.  With  2  Maps  and  about  170 
Illustrations,  several  of  which  are  in  Colour  and  Photogravure.     21s.  net. 

MY  SCHOOL  AND  MY  GOSPEL.    By  Sir  Hubert  von  Herkomer, 

C.V.O.  R.A.  With  2  Coloured  and  4  Photogravure  Plates,  together  with  numerous  Half -Tone 
and  Line  Illustrations.     Imperial  8vo,  21.*.  net. 

THE    LAW    AND     COMMERCIAL     USAGE     OF    PATENTS, 

DESIGNS,  AND  TRADE  MARKS.  By  KENNETH  R.  SWAN,  B.  A.Oxon.,  of  the  Inner  Temple, 
Barrister-at-Law.     6s.  net. 


PORTUGUESE    ARCHITEC- 
TURE. 

By  W.  CRUM  WATSON. 

Illustrated.     Super-royal  Svo, 

25s.  net. 

LETTERS  FROM  THE  RAVEN. 

Correspondence   of   Lafcadio   Hearn. 
Edited  by  MILTON  BRONNER. 

5s.  net. 

THE  SYMBOLIST  MOVEMENT 
IN  LITERATURE. 

By  ARTHUR  SYMONS. 
New  Edition.      Uniform  with  previous  Volumes. 

5s.  net. 

THE    PROCEDURE    OF    THE 
HOUSE    OF    COMMONS. 

A  Study  of  its  History  and  Present  Form. 
By  JOSEF  REDLICH. 

With  an  Introduction  by  Sir  COURTENAY 
ILBERT,  K. C.S.I. 

3  vols,  royal  Svo, 

31s.  Sd\  net. 

ROMANTIC  TALES  FROM 
THE  PANJAB. 

With    INDIAN  NIGHTS   ENTERTAINMENT. 
Collected  by  Rev.  CHARLES  SWYNNERTON. 


New  Edition. 


6s.  net. 


LETTERS    FROM    INDIA. 

By  A.  W.  STRATTON, 

sometime  Registrar  of  Punjab  University,  and 

Principal  of  Oriental  College. 

With  a  Memoir  by  his  Wife,  and  Introduction  by 
Prof.  BLOOMFIELD. 

Illustrated.      10s.  6d.  net. 

NEW      POEMS. 

By  ST.  JOHN  LUCAS. 
Crown  Svo, 


5s.  net. 


THE     BOOK,    ITS     HISTORY 
AND    DEVELOPMENT. 

By  CYRIL  DAVENPORT,  V.D. 

Illustrated.  6s.  net. 


6/-    NOVELS. 
THE  ANCIENT  LAW. 

ELLEN  GLASGOW, 
Author  of  'The  Deliverance.' 

"The  moving  story  of  a  stroug  man  made  gentle  and 
worthy  by  great  sorrows.  There  are  few  better  realized 
characters  in  late  fiction  than  this  man  who ... .  takes  upon  his 
own  shoulders  the  punishment  which  the  biblical  law  visits 
upon  the  descendants  of  a  sinner.  The  background  is  filled 
with  many  tine  sketches  of  life  and  character. . .  .Miss 
Glasgow  has  never  written  a  better  book." — World's  Work. 

THE  DAUGHTER. 

CONSTANCE  SMEDLEY 

Author  of  'Conflict.' 

THE  BURNING  CRESSET. 

HOWARD  PEASE. 
A  romance  of  "  the  1715,"  by  the  Author  of  '  Magnus 
Sinclair.' 

MR.  TUCKERMAN'S  NIECES. 

HELEN  BROWN. 
A  Comedy  of  Home  Life. 

A  COMEDY  OF  MOODS. 

GREVILLE  H.  TEMPANY. 
A  Humorous  Story  by  a  New  Writer. 

A  COMPLETE  EXPOSITION  OF  THE 

MODERN  SOCIALIST  IDEA  IS 

CONTAINED  IN 

NEW  WORLDS  FOR  OLD. 


By  H.  G.  WELLS. 
Crown  Svo. 


6s. 


"  Mr.  Wells  puts  his  case  in  a  sane,  practical  manner, 
which  should  show  the  opponents  of  Socialism  that  they  are 
not  dealing  with  dreamers  or  fanatics,  but  have  a  reasoned 
view  of  society  which  they  must  confront  with  reason  and 
with  an  alternative."— Daily  News. 


THE  OXFORD  AND 
CAMBRIDGE    REVIEW. 

LENT    TERM    NUMBER    NOW    READY. 
2s.  Gd.  net. 

CONTEXTS. 
HUMAN  NA  I  IKE  AND  THB  HISTORIANS.     l!y  (;.  K. 

Chesterton. 
AMATEUR  ACTING  AT  OXFORD  AND  ELSEWHERE, 

By  Bon.  sad  Rev,  James  Adderley. 
THE    VALUE     OF    GREEK     ACCENTS      By    s.     v.. 

Winbolb. 
THE  TENDENCY  ov  MODERN  POETRY.    By  Francis 

L.  Bickley. 
ORATORY    AT   THE    UNIVERSITIES.     By    OeTTaia 

Kent  mil. 

A,.  8k.  Ac. 

Please  write  for  Prospectus  containing  full  par- 
ticulars and  Complete  List  of  Contents. 

***  READERS  WHO  CONSIDER  THAT  PROSPECTUSES  OF  ANY  OF  THE  ABOVE  YOLUMES 
WOULD  BE  OF  INTEREST  ARE  INVITED  TO  APPLY  FOR  SAME  TO - 

ARCHIBALD    CONSTABLE    &    CO.    LTD.    in    ORANGE    STREET    W.C. 


340 


T  II  E     ATIIEN7EUM 


No.  4190,  MlBCH  21,  1908 


EDWARD   STANFORD'S 


L  I  S  T 


just   PUBLISHED. 

MURRAY'S  HANDBOOK  FOR 
ROME  AND  THE  CAMPAGNA. 

SEVENTEENTH    EDITION. 

Largely  Rewritten,  and  Augmented. 
Bdited  by  NORWOOD  TOUNG. 
Tbs  Chapter  ift^*"!  with  theFonun  has  ben  re-written 
under  roe  rapervieTon  of  Comm.  BONI,  Director  of  the 

Excavations. 

Printed  on  Siieoi.illy  Light  Thin  Paper.     712  pages,  %  Maps 

and  Plana,    crown  svo,  10s. 

MURRAY'S      HANDBOOK       FOR 
EGYPT  AND  THE  SUDAN. 

ELEVENTH  EDITION. 

Revised,  'Largely  Rewritten,  anil  Augmented. 

Edited  1>>  H.  H.  HALL,  M.A.  F.R.G.S., 

Assistant  in  the  Departmentof  Egyptian  and  Assyrian 

Antiquities,  Britisli  Museum. 

Printed  on  Specially  Light  Thin  Paper.    800  pages,  58  Maps 

and  Plans.     Crown  8vo,  14s. 

"Learned,  comprehensive,  and  admirably  arranged." 

Scotsman. 
Detailed  Prospectuses  gratis  o?i  application. 

JUST   PUBLISHED. 

The  ELEMENTS  of  GEOGRAPHY: 
GENERAL       GEOGRAPHY. 

F.y  J.  H.  N.  STEPHENSON,  M.A. 
The  particular  scope  of  this  work  is  the  coordination  of 
Physical  and  Regional  Geography  by  the  aid  of  the 
Organic  and  Inorganic  Sciences.  It  has  been  the  writer's 
aim  throughout  to  explain  each  phenomenon  dealt  with  in 
the  simplest  possible  language,  and  only  after  this  has  been 
done,  sometimes  more  than  once,  to  give  it  a  "scientific 
label." 

174  pages,  53  Ulustrations,  and  11  Maps  and  Charts.    Crown 
Svo,  cloth,  price  3s.  6d. 

STANFORD'S  COMPENDIUM  OF 
GEOGRAPHY  AND  TRAVEL 

Revised  and  in  great  part  Rewritten,  with  new  Illustra- 
tions and  Maps.  13  volumes.  Large  crown  Svo,  cloth, 
15s.  each  (sold  separately). 

EUROPE.     Vol.  I.     The   Countries  of  the 

Mainland  (excluding  the  North- West).  By  GEO.  G. 
CHISHOLM,  M.A.  B.Se. 

EUROPE.     Vol.   II.      The    British    Isles, 

Scaudim  via,  Denmark,  and  the  Low  Countries. 
By  GEO.  <;.  CHISHOLM,  M.A.  B.Sc. 

ASIA.    Vol.  I.    Northern  and  Eastern  Asia, 

Caucasia,  Russian  Turkestan,  Siberia,  Chinese 
Empire,  and  Japan.  Second  Edition.  By  A.  H. 
KEANE,  F.K.G.S. 

ASIA.    Vol.  II.    Southern  and  Western  Asia, 

Afghanistan,  India,  Indo-China,  Malay  Penin- 
sula, Turkey  in  Asia,  Arabia  and  Persia.  By 
A.  H.  KEANE,  F.R.G.S. 

NORTH   AMERICA.     Vol.  I.     Canada  and 

Newfoundland.  By  SAMUEL  EDWARD  DAWSON, 
Litt-D.(Laval),  F.R.S.C. 

NORTH  AMERICA.    Vol.  II.     The  United 

States.  By  HENRY  GANNETT,  Chief  Geographer 
of  the  Cnited  States  Geological  Survey. 

CENTRAL  AND  SOUTH  AMERICA.   Vol.  I. 

South  America.  By  A.  H.  KEANE,  F.R.G.S. 
Edited  by  Sir  CLEMENTS  R.  MARKHAM,  F.R.S. 

CENTRAL   AND   SOUTH   AMERICA. 

Vol.  II.  Central  America  and  "West  Indies. 
By  A.  H.  KEANE,  F.R.G.S.  Edited  by  Sir 
CLEMENTS  R.  MARKHAM,  F.R.S. 

AUSTRALASIA.     Vol.    I.     Australia    and 

New  Zealand.  Second  Edition,  Rewritten.  By  J.  W. 
GREGORY,  F.RS.  D.Sc. 

AUSTRALASIA.    Vol.  II.  Malaysia  and  the 

Pacific  Archipelagoes.  By  F.  H.  H.  GUILLE- 
MARD,  M.D.  Second  Edition,  Revised  by  A.  H. 
K  E  A  N  E,  LL  D.  [Ready  shortly. 

AFRICA.     Vol.    I.     North    Africa.     Second 

Edition.     By  A.  H.  KEANE,  LL.D.  F.R.G.S. 

AFRICA.     Vol.  IT.     South   Africa.     Second 

Edition.     By  A.  H.  KEANE,  1.1,. D.  F.R.G.S. 
SUPPLEMENTARY  VOLUME. 

Glossary  of  Geographical  and  Topographical 

Terms  and  "Words  of  frequent  occurrence  in 
the  composition  of  such  Terms  and  of  Place- 
Names.      By  ALEXANDER  KNOX,  B.A.  F.R.G.S. 
472  pp.,  large  crown  Svo,  15s. 
Illustrated  List  of  the  Series  gratis  on  application. 

London:     KDWAKD    STANFORD, 

12,    IS,    and    14,    Long    Acre,    W.G 

Geographer  to  His  Majesty  the  King. 


MESSRS.  LONGMANS  &  COS  LIST. 


IV 


NEW    BOOKS. 
ADMIRALTY       OF 


THE 


THE 

ATLANTIC.  An  Inquiry  into  the  Develop- 
ment of  German  Sea  rower — Past,  Present, 
and  Prospective.  JJy  PKRCIVAL  A. 
HISLAM.  With  21  Illustrations  (16  Full- 
Page),  and  a  Map  of  the  North  Sea.  Svo, 
tie,  6d.  net  (postage  fyl.). 

A  MIND  THAT   FOUND   ITSELF. 

An  Autobiography.     By  CLIFFORD  WHIT- 

TINGHAM  BEKRS.     With  Recommendatory 

Letter    by    Professor     WILLIAM     JAMES, 

Harvard  University.     Crown  8vo,  Is.  6d.  net 

(postage  5d.). 

This  is  a  genuine  account,  by  a  patient  who  has 

fully  recovered  his  mental  faculties,  of  two  years' 

experience  as  a  lunatic  in  one  of  the  State  asylums 

of  the  United  States. 

PARERGA  :     being     a    Companion 

Volume  to  '  Under  the  Cedars  and  the  Stars.' 
By  the  Very  Rev.  P.  A.  Canon  SHEEHAN. 
Crown  8vo,  Is.  Hid.  net  (postage  5d. ). 
This  volume  is  made  up  of  short  detached  Sketches 
and  Essays,  dealing  largely  with  literary  subjects. 

NEW  AND  CHEAPER  EDITION,  IN  ONE 
VOLUME. 

MRS.    FITZHERBERT    AND 

GEORGE     IV.       By    W.    H.    WILKINS. 

With  a  Photogravure  Reproduction  of 
Romney's  Portrait  of  Mrs.  Fitzherbert  and  16 
other  Portraits,  &c.  8vo,  \2s.  Qd.  net  (post- 
age 6d.). 

THE  TRADE  AND  ADMINISTRA- 
TION OF  THE  CHINESE  EMPIRE. 
By  HOSEA  BALLOU  MORSE,  A.B.  Har- 
vard, Member  of  the  Royal  Asiatic  Society, 
England  ;  Commissioner  of  Customs  and 
Statistical  Secretary,  Inspectorate-General 
of  Customs,  China.  With  Illustrations,  Maps, 
and  Diagrams.  Svo,  78.  6d.  net  (postage  5d. ). 
The  book  is  intended  to  portray  the  present  state  of 

the  Chinese  Empire,  irith  such  record  of  the  past  as 

will  show  by  >rhat  process  of  evolution  the  existing 

state  has  been  reached. 

INDIA    AND    THE    EMPIRE:     a 

Consideration  of  the  Tariff  Problem.  By 
M.  DE  P.  WEBB,  CLE.  With  an  Intro- 
duction by  Sir  EDWARD  FITZGERALD 
LAW,  K.C.M.G.,late  Finance  Minister  of  the 
Government  of  India.  Crown  8vo,  3^.  bV£.  net 
(postage  od.). 

COMMON-SENSE   IN   RELIGION. 

By  MARTIN  R,  SMITH.  Crown  Svo,  2s. 
net  (postage  .hi.). 

REFRIGERATION.    An  Elementary 

Text-Book.      Bv    J.    WEMYSS    ANDER- 
SON,    M.Eng.      M.Inst.  C.E.      M.I.Mech.E. 
With  numerous  Illustrations.    Svo,  7*.  lid.  net 
(postage  jd.). 
This  book  deals  with  the  theory  of  Heal  as  applied 
to  Refrigeration,  and  also  with  the  practical  applica- 
tion of  the  subject  to  Cold  Storage,  Brewing,  «(c 

CHEAP  IMPRESSION. 

THE  .3GNEID  OF  VIRGIL  TRANS- 
LATED INTO  ENGLISH  VERSE  By 
JOHN  CONINGTON,  M.A.,  late  Corpus 
Professor  of  Latin  in  the  University  of 
Oxford.    Crown  Svo,  2s.  6d.  net  (postage  jd. ). 


THE  SILVER  LIBRARY.— Nkw  Volimk. 

A  WINTER  PILGRIMAGE:  being 

an  Account  of  Travels  Through  Palestine,  Italy, 
and  the  Island  of  Cyprus.  By  H.  RIDER 
HAGGARD.  With  31  Illustrations,  Re-issue. 
Crown  8vo,  3*.  M.  (postage  !fd. ). 


STANDARD    BOOKS. 


LORD     MACAULAY. 

HISTORY  OP  ENGLAND  PROM  THE  ACCES- 
SION OF  JAMES  THE  SECOND. 
POPULAR  EDITION.     2  rok  crown  Svo,  I* 

CRITICAL  AND  HISTORICAL  ES8AYS, 
■WITH  LAYS  OF  ANCIENT  ROME,  &c.  Iu 
One  Volume. 

POPULAR  KDITION'.     Crown  8vo,  2s.  6rf. 

"8ILVKB  LIBRARY"  KDITION.      With  Portrait  an. I 
4  Illustrations  to  the  '  Lays.'     Crown  8vo,  is.  id. 

MISCELLANEOUS   WRITINGS,   8PEECHES, 
AND  POEMS. 
POPULAR  KDITION.     Crown  8vo,  2s.  M. 

COMPLETE    "WORKS. 

"ALBANY"    KDITION.     With   12  Portrait*.     U  vols, 
large  crown  8vo,  3s.  6d.  each  ;  or  21.  2s.  the  set. 

"EDINBURGH  "  EDITION.     8  vols.  8to,  6*.  each. 

CABINET  EDITION.     16  vols,  post  8vo,  41.  16*. 

POPULAR  EDITION.     4  vols,  crown  8vo,  10*. 


SAMUEL   RAWSON    GARDINER. 

HISTORY  OF  ENGLAND  from  the  Accession 
of  James  I  to  the  Outbreak  of  the  Civil  "War, 
1603-1642.    10  vols,  crown  8vo,  Eft  net  each. 

HISTORY  OF  THE  GREAT  CIVIL  "WAR, 
1642-1649.    4  vols,  crown  Svo,  5*.  net  each. 

HISTORY  OF  THE  COMMONWEALTH  AND 
PROTECTORATE,  1649-1656.  4  vols,  crown 
8vo,  5s.  net  each. 

THE  STUDENT'S  HISTORY  OF  ENGLAND. 
With  378  Illustrations.    Crown  8vo,  12*. 


WILLIAM    E.    H.    LECKY. 

HISTORY     OF     ENGLAND      IN     THE 

EIGHTEENTH  CENTURY. 

LIBRARY   EDITION.     8  vols.  8vo.     Vols.   L  and  II.. 

1700-1760,   30*.      Vols.   III.   and    IV..    1780-1784,   36s. 

Vols.    V.   and   VI..   1784-1793,    36*.      Vols.    VII.    and 

VIII.,  1703-1800,  36*. 

CABINET  EDITION.  ENGLAND.      7  vols,  crown  Svo, 

5*.  net  each.    IRELAND.    5  vols.  cr.  8vo,  5*.  net  each. 

DEMOCRACY  AND  LIHERTY. 
LIBRARY  EDITION.  2  vols.  Rvo.  36*. 
CABINET  EDITION.     2  vols,  crown  Svo,  10*.  net 


THE  MAP  OF   LIFE: 
Crown  Svo,  5*.  net. 


Conduct  and  Character. 


LEADERS  OF  PUHLIC  OPINION  IN  IRE- 
LAND: Flood,  Grattan,  O'Connell.  2voK  >v<\ 
25*.  net. 

HISTORY  OF  EUROPEAN  MORALS,  from 
Augustus  to  Charlemagne.   2  vols.  cr.  8vo,  10*.  net 

By  MAIMDELL  CREIQHTON,  D.D. 

HISTORY  OF  THE  RISE  AND  INFLUENCE 
OF  THE  SPIRIT  OF  RATIONALISM  IN 
EUROPE.    2  vols,  crown  8vo,  10*.  net 


A  HISTORY  OF  THE  PAPACY,  from  the 
Great  Schism  to  the  Sack  of  Rome,  1378-1527. 
6  vols,  crown  Svo,  5*.  net  each. 


By  JOHN  STUART  MILL. 

A  SYSTEM  OF  LOGIC.    Crown  Svo,  3*.  6d. 
POLITICAL  ECONOMY. 

POPULAR  EDITION.     Crown  8vo,  3s.  6rf. 

LIBRARY  EDITION.     I  vols.  Svo,  30*. 


By  PETER  M.  ROGET. 

THESAURUS  OF  ENGLISH  WORDS  AND 
PHRASES.  Classified  and  arranged  so  as  to 
facilitate  the  Expression  of  Ideas  and  assist  in  Literary 
Composition.  Recomposed  throughout  enlarged  and 
improved,  partly  from  the  Author's  Notes,  and  with  a 
full  Index,  hy  the  Author's  Son,  JOHN  LEWIS  ROGET. 
Crown  8vo,  "J*,  net 


LONGMANS,  GREEN  A  CO.  39,  Paternoster  Row,  London,  E.C. 


No.  4195,  March  21,  1908 


THE    ATHENAEUM 


341 


SWAN    SONNENSCHEIN    &    CO.,   Ltd 

NEW    AND    FORTHCOMING    BOOKS. 


THE   EVIL   OF   THE   MILLIONAIRE. 

By  FRANCIS  MINTON,  Rector  of  Cottingham.    Crown  8vo,  cloth,  3s.  6d„  net. 
NEW   YOLUME    OF    SIR    JAMES    RAMSAY'S   HISTORY. 

THE   DAWN   OF   THE    CONSTITUTION. 

Or,   the  Reigns  of  Henry  III.   and   Edward  I.,  A.D.  1216-1307.     With   Maps  and 
Illustrations.     Demy  8vo,  cloth,  12s. 

THE   FOUNDATIONS    OF  ENGLAND. 

By  Sir  JAMES  RAMSAY,  Bart.     With  Maps  and  Illustrations.    Two  vols,  demy 
8vo,  24s. 

THE  ANGEVIN  EMPIRE. 

(HENRY  II.,  RICHARD  I.,  and  JOHN.)      By   Sir  JAMES  H.   RAMSAY,  Bart. 
M.A.     Maps  and  Illustrations.     12s. 


HISTORY  AND  ETHNOGRAPHY 
OF  SOUTH  AFRICA. 

(SOUTH    OF    THE    ZAMBESI.)       By    G.     McCALL    THEAL.      Vol.    I.    THE 
PORTUGUESE  IN  SOUTH  AFRICA,  1505-1700.     Demy  8vo,  7s.  6rf. 

MENTAL  PATHOLOGY  IN  RELATION 
TO  PSYCHOLOGY. 

By  Prof.    STORRING.    Translated  by  THOMAS  LOVEDAY,   M.A.,'  Professor  of 
Philosophy  in  the  South  African  College.     Demy  8vo,  10s.  6d. 

THE  WILL  TO  DOUBT ; 

Or,  the  Place  of  Doubt  in  Human  Experience. 

By  ALFRED   H.    LLOYD,  Ph.D.,  Professor   cf   Philosophy   in   the    University  of 
Michigan.     Crown  8vo,  cloth,  4s.  6<J. 

LUDWIG  II.  OF  BAVARIA. 

By    CLARA    TSCHUDI.    Translated    by    ETHEL    H.    HEARN.     With  Coloured 
Portrait.    Demy  8vo,  7s.  Cd. 

WILLIAM  CLARKE. 

A  Collection  of  his  Writings,  with  a  Biographical  Sketch.     Edited  by  HERBERT 
BURROWS  and  JOHN  A.  HOBSON.     Demy  8vo,  7s.  6d. 


PRODUCTION :  a  Study  in  Economics. 

By  P.  H.  CASTBERG,  of  Christiania.     Demy  8vo,  10s.  M. 


ATTENTION. 

By  W.  B.  PILLSBURY,  Professor  of  Philosophy  in  the  University  of  Michigan. 
Large  8vo,  10s.  6rf.  net. 


THOUGHT  AND  THINGS;  OR,  GENETIC  LOGIC. 

Vol.  II.  EXPERIMENTAL  LOGIC.     By  JAMBS  MARK  BALDWIN,  Professor  in 
the  Johns  Hopkins  University.     Demy  8vo,  10s.  6rf.  net. 


READY    SHORTLY. 
SPECIAL    CAMPAIGN    SERIES. 
THE    LEIPSIG   CAMPAIGN,    1813. 

By  Col.  V.  N.  MAUDE.     Crown  8vo,  5s.  net. 

GRANT'S    CAMPAIGN    IN   VIRGINIA,    1864. 

(Wilderness  Campaign.)    By  (apt.  VAUGHAN-SAWYER.     Crown  8vo,  5s.  net. 
(This  Campaign  is  set  for  all  Military  Examinations  in  November  and  May  next.) 


NEW  YOLUME  OF  STANDARD  PLAYS  FOR  AMATEUR 
PERFORMANCE  IN  GIRLS'  SCHOOLS. 

By  MISS  ELSIE  FOGERTY. 

THE  QUEEN'S  JEST  AND  OTHER  PLAYS. 

Illustrated  by  Costume  Plates,  2s.  6d.  net ;  without  Illustrations,  paper,  6d.  net. 

THE    PORT  OF  LONDON  AND 
THE  THAMES  BARRAGE. 

A  Series  of  Expert  Studies  and  Reports.  Comprising  Independent  Studies  and 
Investigations  by  the  Engineer  to  the  Thames  Barrage  Committee,  T.  W.  BARBER, 
M.Inst.C.E.  ;  and  by  C.  J.  DIBDIN,  F.I.C.  F.C.S.  F.R.M.S.  ;  E.  T.  HENNELL, 
M.Inst. C.E.  ;  CLAYTON  BEADLE,  F.R.Met.Soc.  F.C.S.  ;  D.  URQUHART,  Thames 
Iron  Works.  Issued  by  the  Thames  Barrage  Committee.  With  Maps  and  Plates. 
Crown  4to,  12s.  6rf.  net. 

NEW  SCIENTIFIC  ROMANCE. 

AN  EPISODE  OF  FLATLAND. 

By  C.  H.  HINTON.     Crown  Svo,  3s.  6</. 


A  PRACTICAL  PROGRAMME  FOR 
WORKING  MEN. 

Demy  8vo,  cloth,  2s.  6d. 

ORA    MARITIMA    SERIES. 

Edited  by  Prof.  E.  A.  SONNENSCHEIN,  D.Litt. 
NEW   VOLUME  NOW  READY. 

THE  GREEK  WAR  OF  INDEPENDENCE. 

A  Greek  Text  for  Beginners,  with  Notes,  Exercises,   Vocabularies,  and  Maps.     By 

CHARLES  D.  CHAMBERS,  M.A.  Crown  8 vo,  cloth,  3s. 
This  book  applies  to  Greek  the  methods  which  Prof.  Sonnenschein  has  expounded  in 
his  'Ora  Maritima'  and  'Pro  Patria.'  It  is  assumed  that  pupils  beginning  Greek  will 
have  been  learning  Latin  for  at  least  two  years.  The  Story  of  the  Greek  War  of 
Independence  (1821-1827)  is  told  with  the  use  of  only  about  1,250  words,  nearly  all  of  w  hich 
occur  in  Thucydides. 

ORA   MARITIMA. 

A    Latin    Story    for    Beginners,   with    Grammar  and   Exercises.     By   Prof.    E.   A. 
SONNENSCHEIN,  D.Litt.     Crown  8vo,  cloth,  2s. 

PRO   PATRIA. 

A  Latin  Story.     Being  a  Sequel  to  '  Ora  Maritima,'  with  Grammar  and  Exercises  to 
the  end  of  the  regular  Accidence.     By  Prof.  E.  A.  SONNENSCHEIN,  D.Litt.    Crown 
8vo,  cloth,  2s.  M. 
"Prof.  Sonnenschein's  books  do  not  gild  the  pill.    They  merely  make  the  pill  a  healthy 
one."—  W eck's  Survey. 

AM   RHEIN. 

A  German  Story  for  Beginners  on  the  same  lines.     By  C.  WICKMANN,  Ph.D. 


HISTORY. 
MEDALLIONS  FROM  EARLY 
FLORENTINE  HISTORY. 

By  EMILY    UNDERDOWN    (NORLEY    CHESTER),    Author    of    'Stories    from 
Dante,'  &.c.     Imperial  lOmo,  5s.  net. 

EIGHTEENTH  YEAR  OF  ISSUE.    3s.  6d.  net. 

THE  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS  YEAR-BOOK,  1908. 


SIXTH  ANNUAL  ISSUE.    7s.  6d.  net. 

THE  SCHOOLMASTERS'  YEAR-BOOK 
AND  DIRECTORY,  1908. 

"A  book  of  reference  that  the  educational  profession  and    the  Press    have  by  this 
time  found  to  be  indispensable."— Athemtum. 


THE    PARALLEL    GRAMMAR    SERIES 

Now  includcB  Grammars  of  English,  French,  German,  Welsh,  Latin,  and  Greek,  each  consisting  of  Two  Parts  — 

I.  ACCIDENCE,  II.  SYNTAX- varying  in  price  from   Vs.   to  2s.  Od.  each  Part. 

The  Series  also  includes  Readers  and  Writers  for  French,  German,  Latin,  and  Greek,  together  with  Exercises  in  English, 

at  from  1*.  to  1*.  M.  each. 

Single  Copies  of  any  Volume  will  be  sent  free  to  any  Teacher  on  receipt  of  half  its  published  price.    Keys  to  the  Latin 
and  German  Readers  and  Writers  may  be  had  by  Teachers  direct  from  the  Publishers. 


SWAN   SONNENSCHEIN   &   CO.,   Ltd.,   25,    High  Streot,   Bloomabury,   W.C. 


342 


T  II  E     A  Til  KNiKUM 


No.  4195.  March  21,  1008 


sri:i\(J,  190& 


Messrs.  Sisley's,  Ltd.,  trial)  to  dnv  the 
particular  attention  of  bookloven  t<>  their  many 
Mill-  "i  Beautiful  Books  at  popular  prices. 
Mr.  Clement   K.  Bhorter  in  a  recent  number  of 

the   Sphtrt    said:     "Messrs.     Sislev    have    (leiiKin- 

strated  their  ability  to  live  op  to  their  ambitious 

motto  of  '  Makers  of  Krautitul  Books."'  Messrs. 
Sisley's  hooks  may  be  ordered  through  any 
bookshop  or  bookstall. 

THE  PANEL  BOOKS. 


A  Beries  of  sumptuous  editions  de  luxe  that 
v  ill  grace  any  library.  They  recall  the  delight- 
fid  editions  of  the  eighteenth  century.  Thirty- 
six  titles  ready,  including  many  rare  works 
seldom  reprinted.  Bound  in  brown  lambskin, 
embossed  and  gilt,  full  gilt  edges,  2e.  (id.  net, 
or  in  rough  persian,  3,-*.  Gd.  net. 

THE  SISLEY  BOOKS. 

A  library  of  choice  works  for  the  million,  in- 
tended to  include  in  the  course  of  time  all  the 
best  books  ever  written.  One  of  the  best  selling 
scries  of  to-day.  Bound  in  crimson  cloth,  gilt 
to]>,  and  printed  in  clear  type  on  opaque  antique 
paper,  Is.  net  per  vol.  A  lengthy  list  of  titles 
now  ready.      "  The  triumph  of  cheap  literature." 

THE  PIXIE  BOOKS. 

A  charming  series  of  stories  for  the  children, 
with  eight  coloured  plates  and  printed  in  large 
type.  Told  in  simple  language  and  most 
attractively  produced.  The  prettiest  series  for 
boys  and  girls  ever  published.  Write  for  list  of 
titles.  Bound  in  cloth,  full  gilt,  with  picture  on 
side,  Is.  net,  or  in  ornamental  boards,  6(7.  net. 
Thousands  already  sold. 

THE  BIOGRAPHY  BOOKS. 

A  new  popular  series  of  pocket  biographies  of 
great  men  and  women  in  all  ages  of  the  world's 
history,  written  in  a  bright,  interesting  style. 
Each  volume  contains  a  Portrait  Frontispiece.  Six 
titles  just  out.  Send  for  list.  Price  only  6d.  net 
each.     A  series  without  a  single  rival. 

THE  MEMORY  BOOKS. 

This  is  a  fresh  idea.  The  first  book  is  entitled 
MY  BABY,  and  is  a  little  record  for  mothers  to 
chronicle  the  chief  events  in  a  baby's  year  of  life, 
Cloth  gilt,  Is.  (id.  net;  leather,  2s.  Qd.  net.  The 
second  is  MY  GARDEN,  for  amateur  gardeners 
and  flower  lovers.  Identical  in  style,  format, 
and  price  with  MY  BABY. 

THE  NOVEL  BOOKS. 


A  beautiful  pocket  series  entirely  devoted  to 
standard  fiction.  The  scheme  of  this  library  is 
to  present  in  dainty,  luxurious  form  the  best 
novels  in  the  world.  Bound  in  rich  apple-green 
lambskin,  full  gilt,  gilt  edges,  2».  (id.  net  each 
volume. 

THE  MINIATURES. 

A  series  of  bibelots  consisting  of  selected  gems 
of  literature  in  ornate  yet  artistic  setting.  Each 
booklet  is  printed  in  old-style  type  in  two  colours 
on  japon  paper,  with  several  miniature  tinted 
plates.  Three  bindings :  art  vellum,  Is.  net ; 
lambskin,  Is.  (id.  net ;  persian  yapped,  2s.  net. 

OUR  NEW  BOOKLET. 

The  Spring  Edition  of  BEAUTIFUL  BOOKS, 
our  artistic  list  of  publications,  is  now  ready  and 
will  be  sent  post  free  to  any  address  in  the  world 
if  you  send  ub  a  post  card  mentioning  the  Athene  am. 
Write  to-day. 

SISLEY'S    Ltd. 

MAKERS     OF     BEAUTIFUL      BOOKS, 
0,    Duke    Street,    Chaking     Cross,     London. 


BAEDEKER'S 
TOURISTS'     GUIDE=BOOKS. 

ILLUSTRATED   WITH   NUMEROUS   MAPS,   PLANS, 
AND   PANORAMAS. 


12mo,  cloth. 


ALPS,  EASTERN.     10s. 
AUSTRIA.    8s. 
BELGIUM.    6s. 
CANADA.    6s. 


EGYPT.    15s. 


FRANCE— PARIS.     6s. 


>> 


NORTH.    7s. 
SOUTH.    9s. 
GERMANY— BERLIN.     3s. 
NORTH.    8s. 
SOUTH.    6s. 


GREECE.    8s. 


ITALY— NORTH.    8s. 


>> 


a 


» 


CENTRAL.    7s.  6d. 

SOUTH.    6s. 

FROM     ALPS     TO 
NAPLES.    8s. 


j> 


RHINE.    7s. 


GREAT  BRITAIN.     10s. 


LONDON.    6s. 


NORWAY.    8s. 


PALESTINE.     12s. 


SPAIN.     16s. 


SWITZERLAND.    8s. 


UNITED  STATES.     12s. 


MESSRS.  DULAU  &  CO.  37,  Soho  Square,  W. 


IMPORTANT    NOTICE    TO    LECTURERS. 


B.  T.  BATSFORD  finds  that  it  is  necessary  to  point  out  that  the 
Illustrations  in  his  Publications  are  Copyright,  and  Lantern  Slides  must  not 
be  made  and  exhibited  from  them  without  his  Special  Permission,  otherwise 
there  will  be^an  Infringement  of  Copyright,  for  which  those  making  or  using 
the  Lantern  Slides  will  be  responsible. 

B.  T.  BATSFORD,  Publisher. 

94,  HIGH  HOL1XMN,  LONDON. 


No.  4195,  March  21,  1908 


THE    ATHEN^UM 


343 


Messrs.  METHUEN  have  much  pleasure  in  announcing  that  Mr.  ARCHIBALD  MARSHALL'S  New  and  Delightful  Novel 
MANY  JUNES,  has  passed  at  once  into  a  SECOND  EDITION.  A  THIRD  EDIT/ON  of  FLOWER  O'  THE 
ORANGE,  by  AGNES  and  EGERTON  CASTLE,  is  READY,  and  SECOND  EDITIONS  have  been  printed  of  MAN 
AND  THE  CASSOCK,  by  Mrs.  DAVID  G.  RITCHIE,  and  of  A  SHEAF  OF  CORN,  by  MARY  E.  MANN, 
COLONEL  KATE,  by  K.  L  MONTGOMERY,  and  BAD  TIMES,  by  GEORGE  A.  BIRMINGHAM. 

THE  SENTIMENTAL  ADVENTURES   OF   JIMMY    BULSTRODE,    by  marie  van 

VORST,  is  NOW  READY,  and  another  New  Romance  is  THE   DUKE'S   MOTTO,  by   JUSTIN  HUNTLY  McCARTHY. 
THE   COWARD   BEHIND  THE  CURTAIN,  by  RICHARD  MARSH,  is  also  READY. 

A  STAR  OF  THE  SALONS,     By  Camilla  Jebb.     With  20  Illustrations.     Demy  8vo,  10s.  6d.  net. 

This  book  tells  the  life  story  of  Mile  de  Lespinasse,  her  times  (1732-76)  and  her  contemporaries,  her  strange  early  history,  her  friendships  and  her  love  story. 

FOLK-LORE  AS  AN  HISTORICAL  SCIENCE.     By  G.  L.  Gomme.     With  many  Illustrations.     Demy  8vo,  7s.  Qd.  net. 

THE  REAL  INDIA.     By  J.  D.  Rees,  CLE.  M.P.     Demy  8vo,  10s.  Qd.  net.  W*  Antiquary-,  b«x*. 

This  work  gives  an  abstract  of  the  history  of  India,  showing  how  the  present  dispensation  arose,  and  how  it  differs  from  its  predecessors.    Chapters  deal  with  how  India  is 
actually  governed,  with  the  land  system,  with  the  Native  States,  with  the  frontier  question,  with  the  problems  of  the  present  day  in  India,  and  possible  or  desirable  reforms. 

THE  SAINTS  IN  ART.     By  Margaret  E.  Tabor.     With  20  Illustrations.     Fcap.  8vo,  3s.  6d.  net. 

This  book  gives  short  accounts  of  all  the  more  important  saints  represented  in  art,  with  the  legends  connected  with  them,  and  explanations  of  their  attributes,  or  symbols. 

FAMOUS  FRENCH  SALONS.     By  Frank  Hamel.     With  many  Illustrations.     Demy  8vo,  12s.  Qd.  net. 

The  book  deals  with  those  in  the  very  forefront  among  Salonieres,  namely  Madame  de  Rambouillef,  la  Grande  Mademoiselle,  the  incomparable  Ninon  de  Lcnclos   Madame  de 
SeVigne,  Madame  de  Maintenon  ("  widow  of  a  poet,  wife  of  a  king  "),  Madame  du  Deffand,  Mile,  de  Lespinasse,  Madame  de  Stael,  and  Madame  Recamier. 

DISEASES  OF  OCCUPATION.     By  Thomas  Oliver,  M.D.     With  Illustrations.     Demy  8vo,  10s.  Qd.  net.         [The  New  Library  of  Medicine. 

The  object  of  the  book  is  to  present  to  the  general  reader,  to  statesmen,  employers  of  labour,  medical  men,  and  all  interested  in  industrial  hygiene,  a  short  but  comprehensive 
account  of  diseases  due  to  occupation. 

THE  ROMANCE  OF  GEORGE  YILLIERS,  FIRST  DUKE  OF  BUCKINGHAM,  AND    SOME  MEN    AND    WOMEN  OF    THE 

STUART  COURT.    By  PHILIP  GIBBS.     With  many  Illustrations.     Demy  8vo,  15s.  net. 


ON    NOTHING    AND    KINDRED    SUBJECTS.      By  Hilaire 

BELLOC,  M.P.  Fcap.  8vo,  5s. 
The  Essays  in  this  book  are  concerned  with  Nothing,  and  though  it  is  impossible  that 
they  should  exhaust  such  a  subject,  they  consider  many  of  its  aspects,  especially  as  they 
are  to  be  discovered  in  travel,  and  in  the  observation  of  men.  They  deal  with  the  Loss  of 
Youth,  of  Manuscripts,  with  Death,  with  the  Sufferings  of  the  Rich,  the  Love  of  Dogs, 
Winged  Horses,  Fools,  Politicians,  and  the  Art  of  Coming  to  an  End. 

THE   LIYES  OF  ST.  FRANCIS  OF   ASSISI.     By  Thomas  of 

CELANO.  Translated  into  English  by  A.  G.  FERRERS  HOWELL.  With  a  Frontis- 
piece.    Crown  8vo,  5s.  net. 

THE   LIFE   OF   NAPOLEON   BONAPARTE.     By   S.    Baring- 

GOULD.     With  over  150  Illustrations  and  a  Photogravure   Frontispiece.     Cheaper 

Edition.     Royal  8vo,  10s.  Gd.  net. 
"Taken  as  a  whole,  we  do  not  hesitate  to  say  that  this  combined  product  of  narrative 
writing  and  art  will  give  the  English  reader  a  clearer  and  more  complete  idea  of  the 
complicated  and  colossal  personality  of  Napoleon  than  it  is  possible  to  gather  from  any 
other  work  of  equal  extent."— if.  James's  Budget. 

MY  MEMOIRS.      By  Alexandre  Dumas.     Translated  by  E.  M. 

WALLER.  With  Frontispieces  in  Photogravure.  In  6  vols,  crown  8vo,  6s.  each. 
Vol.  III. 

THE   THIRTEEN   COLONIES   OF   NORTH   AMERICA.     By 

REGINALD  W.  JBFFERY,  M.A.  With  8  Illustrations  and  a  Map.  Demy  8vo, 
7s.  Gd.  net. 

FUNCTIONAL    NERYE    DISEASES.      By    A.    T.    Schofield, 

M.D.  non.  Phys.  Friedenheim  Hospital.    With  3  Diagrams.     Demy  8vo,  Is.  Gd.  net. 

[The  New  Library  of  Medicine. 

RICHARD       KENNOWAY      AND      HIS      FRIENDS.         By 

KATHERINE  STEUART.    A  Sequel  to  '  By  Allan  Water.'    Demy  8vo,  7s.  6rf.  net. 

ENGLISH    PASTORAL    DRAMA    from  the   Restoration    to    the 

Date  of  the   Publication   of    the   Lyrical   Ballads  (1660-17S1S).       By    JEANNETTE 

MARKS.  B.A.  M.A.     Crown  8vo,  5*.  net. 
'  English  Pastoral  Drama'  puts  in  concise  and  readable  form  the  results  of  exhaustive 
study.     Its  criticisms  and  deductions  are  valuable,  for  the  work  is  from  the  true  sources, 
and  not  a  compendium  of  what  has  already  been  written  on  the  subject. 

DEVOTIONS  FOR  EVERY  DAY  OF  THE  WEEK  AND  THE 

GRBAT  FESTIVALS.  By  JOHN  WESLEY.  Edited,  with  an  Introduction,  by 
CHARLES  BODINGTON,  Canon  of  Lichfield  Cathedral.  Small  pott  8vo.  cloth.  ?». ; 
leather,  2*.  Gd.  net.  [Library  of  Demi  mi. 

HUMANITY   AND   ITS   PROBLEMS. 

8vo,  hi.  net. 

An  inquiry,  in  the  light  of  evolution,  into  the  essential  nature  of  the  social  and  other 
problems  which  at  present  face  the  Western  world  :  a  brief  explanation  of  the  nature  of  the 
evolutionary  process;  a  survey  of  the  origin  and  development  of  the  human  mind,  of 
religion,  and  of  political  and  social  systems. 


FICTION. 

MANY    JUNES.      By  Archibald  Marshall,   Author  of  '  Exton 

Manor.'    Second  Edition.     Crown  8vo,  6s. 
"A  complete  picture,  half  melancholv,  half  sanguine,  and  wholly  interesting." 
"  A  finished  and  delightful  work."— Morning  Leader.  Morning  Post. 

"  From  the  first  page  to  the  last  the  story  grips  and  interests  ;  it  is  full  of  observation, 
and  contains  many  passages  of  great  tenderness  and  beauty."—  Country  Life. 

FLOWER  0'  THE  ORANGE.     By  Agnes  and  Egerton  Castle. 

With  a  Frontispiece  in  Colour.     Third  Edition.     Crown  8vo,  6s. 
"  In  each  there  are  the  sparkle  of  romance  and   the  glow  of  the  adventurous  and 
impatient  spirit  of  youth." — Scotsman. 

"  The  winds  of  chivalry  and  elegant  passion  blow  through  these  pages."— Daily  Chronicle. 
"  A  casket  of  gems." — Birmingham  Gazette. 

THE  VIRGIN  WIDOW.     By  Randal  Charlton.     Crown  8vo,  6s. 
THE    BAD    TIMES.      A   Novel.       By    George   A.    Birmingham. 

Crown  8vo,  6s. 
"  A  strong,  wholesome  book,  pcrlly  political,  partly  romantic,  and  wholly  interesting." 
"  A  strong,  clean,  and  wholesome  book." — Daily  Mail.  Daily  Kxpress. 

THE    SCOURGE.      By   Warrington  Dawson,  Author  of    'The 

Scar.'    Crown  8vo,  6s. 
"  The  story  is  largely  and  finely  conceived." — Times. 
"  A  well-written,  uncommon,  and  even  distinguished  novel." — Morning  Leader. 

A    SHEAF    OF    CORN.     By  Mary   E.  Mann,  Author  of  '  The 

Sheep  and  the  Goats.'     Crown  8vo,  6s. 
"They  are  dramas  in  miniature." — Scotsman. 

"  Mrs.  Mann  lias  the  art  intimately  and  sin.  erely  to  write  of  the  life  of  the  very  poor 
without  alienating  sympathy." —  Manchester  Guardian, 

THE  MAGISTRATE'S  OWN  CASE.      By  Baron  Rosenkrantz. 

Crown  8vo,  6s. 
"  A  study  in  criminal  investigation  of  considerable  originality  and  constructive  skill." 

Times. 

By   Mrs.    David    G.    Ritchie, 

Author  of  '  The  Truthful  Liar.'     Crown  8vo,  6s. 
"  This  novel  is  a  striking  achievement..  ..impossible  to  skip  a  single pageof  a  singularly 
engrossing  book.     It  is  not  long,  yet  there  is  more  wit  than  is  to  lie  found  in  twenty, 
ily  sensitive  to  the  lighter  side  of  the  human  comply." 


MAN     AND    THE    CASSOCK. 


Mrs.  Ritchie  is  extraonlinaril 


Spectator. 


By    A.    Hook.      Crown 


DEIRDRE  WEDDED,   a   Charge. 
Poems,    iiy  jiehhert trench. 


Shakespeare    and    other 


New  and  Revised  Impression  of  this  short  antique  love  story,  now  out  of  print. 
Uniform  in  price,  size,  type,  and  binding  «  ith  New  Poems,  which  include  '  Apollo  ami  the 
Seaman.'    6*. 

"  Magnificent  In  workmanship."     Daily  Telegraph. 

"  lb-  is  tii"  Laureate  of  I,oave«."— Prof.  Yoh:;  Powkm.'s  Letters. 


THE  YOUNG   COLUMBINE.     By  Dorothea  Deakin.     With    a 

Frontispiece  by  LEWIS  HAUMER.    Crown  8vo,  8*. 
"  Humour,  tenderness,  sympathy,  and  a  nice  sense  of  human  nature  go  to  the  making 
of  Miss  Deakin's  book,  which  is  outside  the  ordinary  lir.es  of   fiction,  and  lull  oi   ii  dividual 
charm." — WettBiintttf  Gazette. 

A  POPPY  SHOW.     A   Volume  of  Stories.     By   H.  B.  Marriott 
watson.    Orown  Bvo,  <;<. 
"  The  indefinable  charm  of  Mr.  Watson's  writing,  and  his  graceful  wit   make  a  book  for 
all  to  read  and  enjoy."-  I 'all  Mall  Gazrttr. 

COLONEL    KATE.      By    K.    L.    Montgomery,    Author  of   'The 

Cardinal's  Pawn.'    Crown  8vo,  8s. 
"An    eventful   story,   stirring,    full   of  colour,    and   marked   by    trtio    literary    Work 
mansblp."—  Daily  Mail. 

"  »\  romance  full  of  spirit  and  the  joy  oi  life."     Daily  Nets. 


Pleaae  write  at  once  to  Messrs.  METHUEN  for  their  LIST  of  NEW  BOOKS.     It  is  well  illustrated,  and  very  interesting. 

Send  also  for  their  LIST  of  NEW  NOVELS. 

METHUEN  &  CO.  36,  Essex  Street,  London,  W.C. 


344 


Til  E     ATHENJKUM 


No.  410:,,  Maucu  21,  1008 


MACMILLAN  &  CO.'S 

NEW    BOOKS. 

SECOND  IMPRESSION  NOW  READY. 

MODERN    EGYPT. 

BY  Tin: 

EARL  OF   CROMER. 

With   Portrait  of  the  Author  and  a  Map. 
2  vols.     24s.  net. 

THE  STORY  OF  THE  GUIDES. 

By  Col  O.J.  YOUNQHU8BAND,  C.B.,  Queen's  Own 
Corps  of  Guides.     With  Illustrations.     8vo,  7s.  (id.  net. 

[Tttexday. 
Recounts  the  most  notable  achievements  of  the  tamous 
TmHa.ii   regiment  from  its    foundation  by  Lawrence  and 
Lumsden  in  1310  to  the  Malakand  Expedition  of  1897. 

THIRD   IMPRESSION  NOW  READY. 

RAMBLING 
RECOLLECTIONS. 

By  Sir  HENRY  DRUMMOND  WOLFF.  With  Photo- 
gravure and  other  Illustrations.    2  vols.     8vo,  30s.  net. 

THE  EVERSLEY  TENNYSON. 

Annotated  by  ALFRED,  LORD  TENNYSON.     Edited 
by  HALI.AM,  LORD  TENNYSON.     In  9  vols.     Globe 
8vo,  4*.  net  each. 
Vol.  I.  POEMS.     Vol.  II.  POEMS.     Vol.  III.  ENOCH 

ARDEX  and  IN  MEMORIAM.    Vol.  IV.  THE  PRINCESS 

and  MAUD. 

EPIC  AND  ROMANCE. 

Essays  on  Medieval  Literature.  By  Prof.  W.  P.  KER. 
NEW  AND  CHEAPER  EDITION.     Globe  8vo,  4s.  net. 

[Bversley  Series. 

THE  PRIMADONNA.  a<IB$rIko? 

By  F.  MARION  CRAWFORD. 

Extra  crown  8vo,  6s. 

THE  LETTERS  OF 
MARTIN  LUTHER. 

Selected  and  Translated  by  MARGARET  A.  CURRIE. 
8vo,  12s.  net. 

*»*  The  first  collection  in  English  of  the  Letters  of  the 
great  Reformer. 

A    NEW    BOOK    ON    BUDDHISM. 

THE  INWARD  LIGHT. 

By  H.  FIELDING  HALL,  Author  of  'The  Soul 
of  a  People,'  &c.  SECOND  IMPRESSION.  8vo,  10s. 
net. 

THE  'EUMENIDES' 
OF  AESCHYLUS. 

With  an  Introduction,  Commentary,  and  Translation. 
By  A.  W.  VERBAL!.,  Litt.D.    8vo,  10s.  net. 

CONFESSIO   MEDICI. 

By  the  Writer  of  'The  Young  People.'  Extra  crown 
8vo,  3s.  6d.  net. 

*.*  A  volume  of  essays,  full  of  warmhearted  kindliness 
and  Quick  humour,  that  appeal  to  all  who  take  an  interest 
in  suffering  humanity. 

TYPES  OF   TRAGIC  DRAMA. 

By  Prof.  C.  E.  VAUGHAN,  M.A.  Extra  crown  8vo, 
5s.  net. 

•»*  A  work  which  traces  the  growth  of  the  drama  from 
Avtchylus  to  Ibsen. 

THE  ANIMAL  MIND. 

A  Text-Book  of  Comparative  Psychology.  By  MAR- 
GARET F.  WASHBURN,  Ph.D.  Illustrated.  Extra 
crown  8vo,  7s.  net. 

MACMILLAN    &    CO.,  Ltd.,    London. 


HURST  &  BLACK ETT'S 

NEW  LIST. 
— ♦— 
SIX-SHILLING    NOVELS. 

XEXT  WEEK. 

NEW  NOVEL  BY  RALPH  R0DD 

Author  of  'A  Fighter  in  Khaki.' 

THE  HAND  ON  THE  STRINGS. 

XO  W    READY. 

NEW  NOVEL  BY  A  NEW  WRITER. 

THE    SQUATTERS    WARD. 

ByE.  S.  SORKNSON. 

NEW  NOVEL 

BY  CHRISTABEL  COLERIDGE, 

Author  of   'An   English  Squire,'   'The  Tender 
Mercies  of  the  Good,'  &e. 

MISS      LUCY. 

"An  excellent  novel...  wc  have  insight  into  character 
and  individuality,  clever  portrait  painting,  a  sympathetic 
touch,  and  much  else  that  lifts  this  novel  from  the  ruck." 

Daily  Graphic. 

NEW  NOVEL  BY  EDWARD  McNULTY 

Author  of  '  Maureen,'  '  Misther  O'Ryan,'  &c. 

MRS.  MULLIGAN'S  MILLIONS 

"One  of  those  breezy  rollicking  stories  of  Irish  life  that 
will  put  everybody  in  good  spirits.  Its  humour  is  as  bright 
and  infectious  as  anything  that  ever  oame  from  Charles 
Lever. " — Standard. 

NEW  NOVEL  BY  MRS.  ALICE   DIEHL, 

Author  of  '  The  Garden  of  Eden,'  '  True  Story 
of  My  Life,'  &c. 

AN  ACTORS  LOVE  STORY. 

NEW  NOVEL  BY  MRS.  FRED  REYNOLDS, 

Author  of  '  A  Quaker  Wooing,'  '  In  Silence,'  &c. 

ST.  DAVID  OF  THE  DUST. 

"The  authoress,  in  delightfully  charateristic  fashion, 
paint"?  some  charming  word-pictures  of  North  Wales.  The 
novel  is  distinguished  by  its  clever  study  of  village  life,  and 
the  author's  insight  into  Welsh  character. . .  .a  well-thought- 
out  and  beautifully  written  story,  one  that  should  go  far  to 
enhance  Mrs.  Reynolds's  reputation."—  Yorkshire  Post. 

NEARLY  READY. 

NEW  VOLUME  BY  SARAH  GRAND. 

EMOTIONAL    MOMENTS. 

NEW  NOVEL  BY  MADAME  ALBANESI. 

DRUSILLAS  POINT  OF  VIEW. 
EDNA  LYALL'S  NOVELS. 

In    a   new   artistic   binding,    crown   8vo,    3s.    6d. 

DONOVAN :  a  Modern  Englishman. 

WE  TWO. 

KNIGHT  ERRANT. 

IN  THE  GOLDEN  DAYS. 

WON  BY  WAITING. 

A  HARDY  NORSEMAN. 

TO  RIGHT  THE  WRONG. 

IN  SPITE  OF  ALL. 

HISTORY  OF  THE  WAR  IN 
SOUTH    AFRICA,    1899-1902. 

Compiled  by  the  direction  of  H.M.  Government. 

VOLS.    I.    AND    II.    NOW    READY. 

Vols.  III.  and  IV.  in  preparation. 

Price  21s.  each  net ;  or  17s.  6<i.  each  net  if  the  4  volumes 
are  subscribed  for. 

HURST    &    BLACKETT,    Limited, 
182,  High  Holborn,  W.C. 


MESSRS.    DENTS'    BOOKS. 

— ♦ — 

FLOWER  GROUPING  IN  ENGLI8H, 
SCOTCH,  AND  IRI8H  GARDENS. 

Text  by  rose  KT.ncsi.ky.  "E.  v.  B.."U»  H<.n.  EMILY 
LAWLESS,  WALTER  P.  WRIGHT 

With  Notes  and  Ml  Illustrations  in  Colour  bj  M  IBGABl  I 
WATERFIELD.  Square  crown  <to,  it.  i«.  n.-t.  A  Com- 
panion   Volume  to  'Harden   Colour,'  now  in  it-  Fourth 

Edition.  [Protpectus  pr»i 

"A   very   handsome  volume,  finely  illustrated  uith  pic- 
turing* of  what  baa   been    done    in    many    gardens   of    the 

United  Kingdom.  Miss  Watarnald  baa  bad  the  help  of 
able  contributor*,  and  has  given  garden-lover*  not  only  a 
book,  but  an  ideal,  nay,  many  ideals."— Spectator. 


GARDEN    COLOUR. 

By  Mrs.  C.  W.  EARI.i;,  "  E.   V    B,"  ROSE  KING8LEY, 
Hon.  VICARY  GIBBS,  Ac. 

With  over  MJ  Full-Pace  Coloured  Illustrations  fr&m  Water- 
Colour  Drawings  by  IfABGABBT  WATEBFIELD. 
Square  crown  4to,  \l.  1*.  net.  [Fourth  Rd 

"Full  of  'verbal 'colour  and  enthusiasm,  this  work  will 
come  as  a  great  treat  into  the  hands  of  any  person  with  a 
true  love  of  flowers.  It  will  be  doubly  acceptable  to  • 
who  take  a  keen  personal  interest  in  the  growth  of  their 
flowers,  having  a  value  far  transcending  that  of  the  merely 
practical  handbook." — Daily  Telegraph. 

ST.  CATHERINE  OF  SIENA. 

By  EDMUND  G.    GARDNER 
With  an  Appendix  containing  some  hitherto  Unpublished 
Letters  of  St.  Catherine.      A  Study  in  the  Italian  Religion, 
Literature,    and     History     of    the     Fourteenth    Century. 
Illustrated  in  Photogravure.    lr>*-  net. 

"  St.  Catherine  has  been  the  theme  of  a  pood  many  recent 
books. ...But  the  most  elaborate  and  cotuprehensh  e 
biography  is  that  of  Mr.  Edmund  a.  Gardner,  who  w  ntes 
with  obvious  sympathy  and  with  a  full  knowledge  of  all  the 
materials. . .  .An  interesting  book." — Daily  Te'eyraph. 

CITIES  OF  ITALY. 

By  ARTHUR  SYMONS. 
Crown  8vo,  is.  M.  net. 
"  The  author  has  many  gifts  which  give  his  essays  distinc- 
tion and  charm." — Daily  Telenraph. 

"  Mr.  Symons  is  always  picturesque,  and  his  book  is  a 
delightful  record  of  pleasant  hours  in  a  sunny  land." 

Manchester  Guardiaii. 

THE  OLD  VENETIAN  PALACES 
AND  OLD  VENETIAN   FOLK. 

By  THOMAS  OKEY'. 
With   50  Illustrations  in  Colour  and    manv    in    Line   by 
TREVOR   HADDON,  R.B.A.,  and  several   Reproductions 
from  the  Works  of  JOHN  BUSKIN.    4to,  cloth,  11.  U.  net. 

( Prospectus  post  free. 

"A  volume  of  quite  exceptional  charm  and  interest 

Mr.    Haddou's    illustrations    are   very   beautiful  ;   he   has 

caught    the    true    inwardness    of     Venetian     scenery 

Certainly  a  book  to  possess." — Guardian. 

"A  sumptuous  book There  could  hardly  be  a  finer 

gift  for  the  art  lover."— Globe. 

SIGISMONDO  MALATESTA. 

By  EDWARD  HUTTON. 
Illustrated  in  Photogravure.    Square  demy  Sto.  12*.  6rf.  net. 
A  Study  of  a  XVth  Century  Italian  Despot. 

"  A  tine  work  of  art,  conceived  and  carried  out  to  the  end 
in  an  artistic  spirit  that  often  deserves  to  be  called  con- 
summate. ..  .a  living  and  a  faithful  picture  of  the  stirring 
times  and  some  of  the  strenuous  men  of  the  early  renais- 
sance."— Saturday  Jievieic. 

JAMES  FRANCIS  EDWARD, 
THE  OLD  CHEVALIER. 

By  MARTIN  HAILE. 
Illustrated  in  Photogravure.     16c.  net. 
"Mr.  Haile  is  to  be  cordially  congratulated.    His  mono- 
graph, beautifully  produced  and  illustrated,  represents  an 
honest,  painstaking,  and  distinguished  piece  of  work." 

Daily  Telenraph. 
*»*  This  volume  forms  a  sequel   to   the  name   Author's 
'MARY  OF  MODENA,  QUEEN  OF  JAMES  IL" 

"  Guides  to  the  Spirit  of  the  place." — Daily  Xewt. 

THE    MEDIAEVAL    TOWNS. 

"LITERARY   GUIDE  BOOKS." 
With  numerous  Illustrations,  Reproductions,  and  Maps. 

Fcap.  8vo  (pocketable),  cloth  gilt,  and  limp  paste  grain 
roan  bindings.  \'tiltinu.<  new  riadg. 

Assisi  Constantinople  Moscow 

Nuremberg  Perugia  Prague  Toledo 

Cloth,  3s.  6d.  net;  leather,  is.  Od.  net ;  also 


Edinburgh 
Cambridge 
London 
Siena 


Cairo 
Florence 
Rouen 
Venice 


Bruges  Brussels 

Chartres       Ferrara 
Paris  Borne 

Seville  Verona 

Milan.    (Nearly  ready.) 
Cloth,  is.  (id.  net  ;  leather,  5*.  6rf.  net. 
Illustrated  Ijondon  .Wwx.  — "  They  are  guide-books,  books 
for  study,  and  books  for  reference,  and  at  the  same  time 
little  galleries  of  art." 
Other  Volumes  in  preparation.    Please  write  for  Prospectus. 


J.  W.  DENT  &  CO. 
Aldine  House,  Bedford  Street, Covent  Garden,  W.C. 


No.  4195,  March  21,  1908 


THE    ATHENiEUM 


345 


SATURDAY,  MARCH  21,  1908. 


CONTENTS. 

PAGE 

Lord  Cromer  on  Modern  Egypt        345 

The  Programme  of  Modernism 346 

The  Victoria  History  of  Leicester 347 

A  Forgotten  Soldier  of  the  Civil  Wars  ..  ..  348 
New  Novels  (The  Heart  of  a  Child ;  Mothers  in 
Israel ;  Her  Besetting  Virtue ;  A  Modern  Antique ; 
An  Actor's  Love  Story ;  Sarah's  Mother ;  The 
Chichester  Intrigue  ;  The  Gentle  Thespians ;  The 
Man  who  was  Thursday  :  Mrs.  Mulligan's  Millions  ; 
Rachel  Chalfont ;  Going  through  the  Mill) . .      349—351 

Ecclesiastical  Biographies       351 

Our  Library  Table  (The  Complete  Mountaineer  ;  A 
Century  of  Political  Development ;  Venice  ;  A  Roll 
of  Honour  ;  Toledo  ;  Festschrift  of  the  Congress  of 
Schoolmen  ;  Idlehurst  ;  The  Human  Boy  Again  ; 
Eighteenpenny  Illustrated  Dickens ;  Macaulay's 
Selected  Essays ;  The  Handy  Newspaper  List  ; 
Two  German  Booksellers'  Catalogues)  . .      351—  353 

Notes  from  Paris;  Miltoniana  in  America; 
'clntra  and  lisbon';  the  booksellers'  pro- 
VIDENT Institution        353—354 

List  of  New  Books 354 

Literary  Gossip        356 

Science- Comparative  Electro-Physiology;  Two 
Oxford  Physiologists  ;  Anthropological 
Notes  ;  Societies  ;  Meetings  Next  Week  ; 
Gossip         357—359 

Fine  Arts— The  Burial  Customs  of  Ancient 
Egypt;  The  Whiteciiapel  Art  Gallery; 
DCrer  and  Rembrandt  Prints  at  Mr.  Gute- 
kunst's  Gallery  ;  Sales  ;  Gossip  ;  Exhibi- 
tions   360—362 

Music— Gossip  ;  Performances  Next  Week      362—363 

Drama— Romeo  and  Juliet;  Ibsen's  Works         ..    363 

Index  to  Advertisers       364 


LITERATURE 


Modern  Egypt.  By  the  Earl  of  Cromer. 
2  vols.  (Macmillan  &  Co.) 
(first  notice.) 
More  than  sixty  years  ago  the  author  of 
'  Eothen '  wrote :  "  The  Englishman,  strain- 
ing far  over  to  hold  his  loved  India,  will 
plant  a  firm  foot  on  the  banks  of  the  Nile 
and  sit  in  the  seats  of  the  faithful." 
British  diplomacy  did  its  best,  in  its 
honest,  blundering  May,  to  avoid  the 
responsibility,  but  Kinglake's  prophecy 
came  true. 

'  The  Englishman  ' — in  the  person  of 
Major  Watson,  R.E.,  with  two  squadrons 
of  the  4th  Dragoon  Guards  and  a  detachment 
of  Mounted  Infantry,  who  occupied  the 
Citadel  on  the  evening  of  September  14 
[1882] — 'planted  a  firm  foot  on  the  banks 
of  the  Nile  and  sat  in  the  seats  of  the 
faithful.'  " 

It  is  true  that  Col.  Sir  Charles  Watson  is 
an  Irishman,  and  is  extremely  proud  of 
the  fact ;  but  that  does  not  vitiate  the 
accomplishment  of  the  prediction.  The 
only  fault  about  it  was  that  the  foot 
was  anything  but  firmly  planted  :  it 
stood  on  a  quicksand  of  international 
complications,  and  for  a  long  time  there 
was  every  disposition  on  the  part  of  the 
British  Government  to  step  back.  But 
Egypt  was  never  really  governed  from 
Downing  Street :  "  I  never  received  any 
general  instructions  for  my  guidance 
during  the-  time  I  held  the  post  of  British 
Consul-General  in  Egypt,  and  I  never 
asked  for  any  such  instructions."  That 
was  why  the  foot  came  to  be  firmly 
planted  after  all.  The  man  who  for 
twenty-four  years  never  asked  or  received 
general  instructions  has  written  this  re- 
markable account  of  his  stewardship. 
Every   one   knows   that  to  all   practical 


intents  "  L'Etat  e'est  moi  "  is  a  saying 
which  Lord  Cromer  might  have  appro- 
priated, if  he  had  chosen.  In  this  book 
he  never  does  so  choose.  He  prefers 
throughout  to  relate  the  achievements 
of  others  or  to  trace  the  course  of  events, 
as  if  he  were  not  himself  the  mainspring 
of  the  whole  machinery.  He  cannot,  it 
is  true,  ignore  the  fact  that  from  the 
winter  of  1883  to  the  spring  of  1907  he  was 
"  one  of  the  principal  actors  on  the  Egyptian 
stage,  not,  of  course,  to  the  extent  of  being 
responsible  for  the  general  policy  of  the 
British  Government,  but  rather  to  the 
extent  of  being  mainly  responsible  for  the 
management  of  local  affairs  in  Egypt." 

This  is  a  modest  way  of  saying  that  he 
governed  Egypt,  as  every  one  knows  he 
did,  in  spite  of  a  singularly  anomalous 
position,  but  with  three  advantages — a 
generally  free  hand  from  the  Home  Govern- 
ment, an  army  of  occupation  at  his  back, 
and,  most  of  all,  a  clear  policy  and  firm 
will  of  bis  own. 

The   most   remarkable   point   in    Lord 
Cromer's  "  management  of  local  affairs  " 
was    that  he    rarely    showed  his  power. 
He  picked  out   men  to  do  certain  work, 
and    then    he    gave   them   a   free  hand, 
just  as  he  expected  to  have  a  free  hand 
himself.     The  policy  justified  itself.   "  The 
most   successful  Anglo- Egyptian   officials 
have  been  those  who  have  relied  most  on 
their  own  powers  of  persuasion  and  have 
rarely   applied   for   diplomatic    support." 
The     present     reviewer     heard     ignorant 
gossips  in  Cairo  say  years  ago  that  Lord 
Cromer    was    "  getting    lazy  "  ;     "  Gorst 
or    Garstin    was    doing    all    the    work." 
Probably  the  British  Agent  was  never  so 
busy  as  during  one  of  these  periods  of 
"  laziness,"  when  he  was  closely  watching 
the  progress  of  reforms  initiated,  under 
his  advice,  by  men  in  whom  he  had  full 
confidence,  and  whom  he  was  ready  to 
support    at    a    moment's    notice,    should 
they,     to     his     regret,     find     diplomatic 
assistance  necessary.     We  do  not  suppose 
that    any  representative   of    England   in 
any    country    ever    had    more    arduous, 
continuous,  and  responsible  labour  than 
the   Consul-General   and   Minister   Pleni- 
potentiary   in    Egypt.     Apart    from    ex- 
ceptional periods  of  hard  work,  such  as 
the  first  three  months  of  1884,  when  he 
could  hardly  leave  his  room  from  daybreak 
to  midnight,  and  lived  in  "  a  continuous 
strain  on  the  mind,   the  nerves,   and,  I 
may  add,  the  temper,"  the  multifarious 
duties    and    demands    thrust    upon    him 
were    enough    to    break    down    even    his 
vigorous    constitution.     He    has    himself 
drawn  a  humorous  picture  of  his  Protean 
activities  : — 

"  If  a  young  British  officer  was  cheated 
at  cards,  I  had  to  got  him  out  of  his  diffi- 
cult ios.  If  a  slavo-girl  wanted  to  marry, 
I  had  to  bring  moral  pressure  on  hor  master 
or  mistress  to  give  thoir  consent.  If  a 
Jewish  sect  wishod  for  official  recognition 
from  the  Egyptian  Government,  I  was 
expected  to  obtain  it,  and  to  explain  to  an 
Egyptian  Minister  all  I  knew  of  the  difference 
between  Ashkonazian  and  Sephardic  prac- 
tice. . .  .1  havo  had  to  write  telegrams  and 
dispatches  about  the  most  miscellaneous 
subjects — about  the  dismissal  of  the 
Khodivo's    English    coachman,    about    pre- 


serving the  lives  of  Irish  informers  from  the 
Clan-na-Gael  conspirators,  and  about  the 
tenets  of  the  Abyssinian  Church  in  respect 
to  the  Procession  of  the  Holy  Ghost.  I  have 
been  asked  to  interfere  in  order  to  get  a 
German  missionary,  who  had  been  guilty 
of  embezzlement,  out  of  prison  ;  in  order 
to  get  a  place  for  the  French  and  Italian 
Catholics  to  bury  their  dead  ;  in  order  to 
get  a  dead  Mohammedan  of  great  sanctity 
exhumed  ;  in  order  to  prevent  a  female 
member  of  the  Khedivial  family  from  striking 
her  husband  over  the  mouth  with  a  slipper. 
....  I  have  been  asked  by  an  Egyptian 
fellah  to  find  out  the  whereabouts  of  his 
wife  who  had  eloped  ;  and  by  a  German 
professor  to  send  him  at  once  six  live  electric 
shad-fish  from  the  Nile." 

In  fact,  nothing  happened  in  Egypt 
that  Lord  Cromer  did  not  know,  and 
very  few  things  without  his  having  a 
word  to  say  about  them ;  whilst  the 
popular  belief  was  that  he  could  do 
anything.  That  belief,  however,  took 
no  count  of  Oriental  inertia  or  inter- 
national shackles.  These,  and  a  few 
instructions — usually  based  on  imper- 
fect knowledge — were  the  chief  impedi- 
ments to  Lord  Cromer's  plenary  influence. 
When  we  reflect  upon  the  constant  intrigues 
and  dull  obstruction  he  encountered  on 
the  spot  from  national  jealousies,  corrupt 
interests,  and  general  sluggishness,  also 
upon  the  reluctance  of  Downing  Street 
to  "  face  the  facts,"  and  the  many  blunders 
and  hindrances  that  resulted  from  ostrich 
policy,  we  are  pleased  with  the  kindly 
tone  in  which  Lord  Cromer  writes  of 
those  with  whom  he  has  worked  and 
from  whom  he  has  sometimes  differed. 
In  view  of  the  trouble  which  the  vacilla- 
tions of  the  British  Government  brought 
upon  him,  it  is  magnanimous  in  him  to 
write  that  "  British  Ministers,  whether 
Liberal  or  Conservative,  are  good  masters 
to  serve."  Yet  it  is  true  ;  for  however 
irritating  may  be  the  instructions  given 
to  the  distant  agent,  there  is  no  doubt 
that  the  agent  seldom  has  to  complain  of 
want  of  support  from  his  Government, 
and  least  of  all  had  Lord  Cromer. 

Nothing  can  detract  from  the  supreme 
importance  of  this  record  of  the  making 
of  existing  Egypt  by  the  man  who  made 
her  ;  yet  the  book  certainly  labours  under 
the  disadvantage  of  having  been  to  a 
great  extent  anticipated  by  two  other 
works  of  only  less  authority — those  of 
Lord  Milner  and  Sir  Auckland  Colvin. 
From  a  literary  point  of  view,  Lord 
Milner's  '  England  in  Egypt '  is  still,  in 
our  opinion,  the  most  brilliant  of  the  three  ; 
whilst  Sir  Auckland  Colvin's  position  for 
a  time  in  Egypt  gave  him  a  unique  autho- 
rity for  the  period  which  he  partly  con- 
trolled. Nevertheless,  the  last  word — 
though  not  necessarily  a  new  word — 
on  the  subject  could  be  written  only  by 
Lord  Cromer,  and  ho  has  written  it  with 
a  vigour,  a  lucidity  of  expression,  coupled 
with  a  sense  of  humour  and  a  tab  tit  for 
irony,  which  show  that  hard  work  has 
not  dimmed  his  natural  gifts.  Above 
all,  he  writes  with  a  largeness  of  view, 
a  generosity  of  temper,  and  a  sense 
of  responsibility  which  belong  eharactor- 
istically  to  the  man  who  has  been  at 
the  helm  of  Egypt  through  this  eventful 


346 


T  II  E    ATHKNjEUM 


No.  4195,  ACabch  21,  1008 


and  fruitful  quartet  of  S  century.  H<  U 
candid,  and  criticizes  statesmen  and 
QoTemments  in  plain  words;  yet  his 
criticism  of  a  policy  is  tempered  by  a 
friendly  appreciation  of  the  statesman 
who  urged*  it.  Of  Nubar  Pasha,  for  ex- 
ample, he  writes  that  "  lie  went  to  his 
grave  with  a  hardy  and  unimpaired  belief 
in  the  political  virtues  of  finesse  border- 
ing on  duplicity  " — terms  which  in  Lord 
Cromer's  mouth  mean  a  good  deal  that 
is  unpleasant ;    but  he  adds  : — 

"  There  was  an  indescribable  charm  about 
Nubar  Pasha  that  was  almost  irresistible. 
I  have  never  known  any  one  moro  persuasive, 
or  more  skilled  in  making  the  worse  appear 
the  better  reason.  I  used  often  to  half 
believe  him,  when  I  knew  full  well  that  ho 
was  trying  to  dupe  mo." 

We  have  thus  far  dwelt  only  on  some 
general  characteristics  of  a  book  which 
all  students  of  contemporary  statesman- 
ship, and  still  more  all  who  have  followed 
the  marvellous  regeneration  of  Egypt 
under  Lord  Cromer's  direction,  will  read 
with  eagerness.  We  reserve  a  few  remarks 
on  some  questions  discussed  in  these 
volumes — notably  the  abandonment  and 
reconquest  of  the  Sudan — for  a  second 
article. 


The  Programme  of  Modernism  :  a  Reply 
to  the  Encyclical  '  Pascendi  Gregis.' 
Translated  from  the  Italian,  with  an 
Introduction  by  A.  L.  Lilley.  (Fisher 
Unwin.) 
The   Church  and   Modern   Men.     By  W. 

Scott  Palmer.  (Longmans  &  Co.) 
So  much  has  already  been  written  all  over 
Europe  on  the  subject  of  the  Encyclical 
1  Pascendi  Gregis  '  that  it  seems  needless 
in  The  Athenaeum  to  notice  its  contents. 
It  may,  however,  be  convenient  to  state 
in  a  few  words  its  main  purport.  Positively 
it  may  be  said  to  lay  down  as  authoritative 
"  the  Balaam's  ass  theory  of  the  Bible," 
and  to  have  given  up  the  doctrine  of  the 
living  Church  speaking  through  an  in- 
fallible teacher  in  favour  of  the  dead 
hand  of  thirteenth-century  scholasticism. 
Explained  as  it  has  been  by  the  Pope's 
dismissal  of  Mgr.  Battiffol  from  the  Rector- 
ship of  Toulouse,  and  enjoinment  of  the 
devotion  of  Lourdes,  its  meaning  in  the 
mind  of  its  author  is  apparent.  It  stands 
to  the  whole  modern  way  of  contem- 
plating the  world  in  the  same  relation  as 
the  scholastic  Evangelicalism  or  Tract- 
arianism  (in  some  instances)  of  the  forties 
stands  to  Bishop  Gore  or  the  Dean  of 
Westminster.  It  would  include  in  one 
indiscriminate  condemnation  the  mildest 
"  explanation "  of  the  first  chapter  of 
Genesis  and  the  wildest  vagary  of  some 
Dutch  critic  who  holds  that  St.  Paul  wrote 
none  of  his  epistles,  and  that  our  Lord's 
utterances  as  recorded  in  the  Gospels  are 
almost  entirely  unauthentic. 

On  the  other  hand,  it  expounds  the 
doctrines  of  the  Modernists  from  its  own 
standpoint,  and  with  extreme  skill  ex- 
hibits one  and  all  of  them  as  springing 
from  an  idea  of  the  "  Divine  Immanence  " 
barely  distinguishable  from  Pantheism, 
and    condemns    their    habit    of    relating 


Christianity  to  other  religions  by  the 
comparative  method,  in  accordance  with 
the  category  of  evolution.  The  Encyclical 
goes  on  to  comment  on  the  distinction 
between  the  Christ  of  fact  and  the  Christ 
of  faith  which  will  be  familiar  to  readers 
of  the  Abbe  Loisy,  and  to  assert  that 
historically  the  Modernists  tend  to  postu- 
late a  purely  humanitarian  view  of  the 
Founder  of  Christianity.  It  condemns  the 
Modernists  for  making  the  laity  the  factor 
in  the  Church's  progress,  ridicules  their 
view  of  the  claims  of  democracy  and  the 
rights  of  the  State  ;  and  closes  with  a 
series  of  disciplinary  measures  for  the  sup- 
pression of  this  poisonous  growth,  coupled 
with  a  concession  to  modern  ideas  (or 
what  is  meant  to  be  such)  by  the  proposal 
for  a  sort  of  Papal  Institute  of  Science,  to 
be  established  at  Rome. 

In  the  first  of  the  volumes  before  us  we 
have  what  is,  we  presume,  the  official 
and  authoritative  reply  of  the  party 
attacked.  For  obvious  reasons  '  The  Pro- 
gramme '  is  anonymous.  That,  however, 
has  not  prevented  its  condemnation  or  the 
issue  of  a  sentence  of  excommunication 
against  the  authors,  who  were  bidden 
to  apply  it  to  themselves.  The  obscurant- 
ism of  his  Holiness  is  obvious  ;  and  we 
need  not  emphasize  what  has  been  already 
noticed  in  all  except  Ultramontane  periodi- 
cals. We  shall,  nevertheless,  be  wrong 
if  we  suppose  that  the  blame  must  he  all 
on  one  side ;  or  that,  from  the  Christian 
standpoint,  Modernism,  even  in  the 
mouths  of  its  authors,  is  quite  so  innocent 
a  thing  as  they  would  have  us  suppose. 
We  have  not  space  to  consider  more  than 
one  or  two  points. 

It  appears  to  us  that  the  Modernists 
are  not  unjustly  charged  with  what  one 
of  them  calls  "  riding  evolution  to  death." 
If  the  conception  of  evolution  be  applied 
without  check  to  human  life,  it  seems 
evident  that  there  can  be  no  place  for 
the  "Fall,"  and  little  possibility  of  the 
Christian  doctrine  either  of  "  sin "  or 
"  the  Incarnation."  At  the  same  time 
many  Christian  thinkers  have  been  Deter- 
minists  ;  and  the  real  difficulty  always 
arises  from  the  conception  of  freedom. 
That  the  Modernists,  however,  would  do 
well  to  ponder  the  remarks  of  Bishop 
Gore  on  the  subject  of  "  progress,"  we 
hold  for  certain ;  their  treatment  of  this 
subject  is  more  suggestive  than  lucid. 

This  is  still  more  the  case  with  the 
distinction  between  the  Christ  of  faith 
and  the  Christ  of  fact.  That  the  dis- 
tinction may  have  a  real  value  we  are 
not  concerned  to  deny.  'The  Programme,' 
and  still  more  other  writings,  go  a  great 
deal  further.  In  a  passage  which  appears 
to  us  crucial  the  writers  speak  as  follows  : 

"  It  matters  little  to  faith  whether  or  no 
criticism  can  prove  the  virgin-birth  of 
Clirist,  His  more  striking  miracles,  or  even 
His  resurrection  ;  whether  or  no  it  sanctions 
the  attribution  to  Christ  of  certain  dogmas 
or  of  tho  direct  institution  of  the  Church.  As 
ultra-phenomenal,  these  former  facts  evade 
tho  grasp  of  experimental  and  historical 
criticism,  while  of  the  latter  it  finds,  as  a 
fact,  no  proof.  But  both  these  and  those 
possess  a  reality  for  faith  superior  to  that 
of  physical  and  liistorical  facts." 


Now  what  this  means  we  are  Dot  quite 
clear  ;  but,  so  far  as  can  l>e  ascertained 
by  a  comparison  with  other  writings, 
•  ipeciaHy  the  article  by  Mr.  Oomnce  in 
77/'  Nineteenth  Century,  entitled  '  A 
Defence  of  Modernism/  it  expresses 
the  view  that  the  faith  value  of  the 
Creeds  is  independent  of  their  relating  to 
events  which  actually  took  place.  This 
view,  to  the  present  writer,  is  revolu- 
tionary ;  is  destructive  of  historical 
Christianity  ;  and  would,  when  worked 
out  logically  and  completely,  lead  to  a 
religious  philosophy,  which  might  be 
ethically  stimulating  and  practically  con- 
soling, but  is  not,  and  could  not  be, 
Christianity.  The  change  may  be  coming  ; 
it  may  be  inevitable.  Only  it  will  be  a 
real  change — the  substitution  for  the 
Christian  religion  of  another.  On  this 
point,  and  points  like  it,  the  Modernists 
seem  to  us  rather  at  sea,  and  they  com- 
monly repudiate  any  one  else's  interpreta- 
tion of  their  writings.  Some  of  them,  we 
suspect,  do  not  quite  know  where  they 
are,  and  that  is  no  blame  ;  others  perhaps 
do,  and  have  evolved  a  terminology 
indistinct  and  cloudy,  and  in  that  way 
at  least  inferior  to  the  scholasticism  which 
they  abhor. 

The  main  contention,  however,  of 
Modernists  is  sure  to  command  deep  sym- 
pathy. This  contention  is,  briefly,  that 
merely  logical  methods  for  the  ascer- 
tainment of  truth  are  entirely  inadequate  ; 
and  that  the  belief  in  God  cannot  be 
made  the  mere  conclusion  of  a  course 
of  reasoning,  but  must  be  related  to  man's 
experience  as  a  whole.  Their  philo- 
sophy is  above  all  things  a  philosophy 
of  life ;  and  with  their  endeavours  to 
apply  to  religion  the  category  of  life,  and 
not  merely  logic,  there  is  little  fault  to 
find.  The  first  essays  in  Father  Tyrrell- 
'  Scylla  and  Charybdis '  are  the  best 
instance  of  this.  Their  theory  of  religious 
certitude  is,  in  substance,  that  of  New  man, 
whatever  may  be  said  to  the  contrar}-  : 
and  Newman,  as,  we  believe,  Dr.  Schiller 
admits,  is  the  forerunner  of  modern 
Pragmatism.  In  their  struggle  against  a 
barren  and  abstract  intellectuahsm,  which 
has  in  this  case  identified  itself  with  super- 
stition, the  Modernists  are  doing  a  great 
work,  and  striving  gallantly  to  make 
Christian  thought  a  living  reality  instead 
of  a  series  of  propositions.  Their  thoughts 
are  always  stimulating,  and  their  deep 
religious  sense  deserved  a  very  different 
treatment  from  that  of  the  Encyclical, 
cold,  haughty,  and  coercive.  But  some 
of  their  conclusions  appear  to  us  to  be 
rash.  With  all  their  "Pragmatism," 
they  are  a  little  too  academic,  too  pre- 
occupied with  an  intellectual  problem. 
And  at  least  one  of  their  most  admired 
conceptions  seems  to  us,  in  its  natural 
interpretation,  unsatisfactory.  Whatever 
the  man  of  science  or  the  critic  may  say, 
the  plain  man  will  not  long  be  content 
with  a  faith  hanging  in  the  air,  without 
actual  facts  to  support  its  historical  state- 
ments. 

The  Modernists,  and,  we  suppose,  the 
Pope  and  his  advisers,  recognize  the 
gravity  of  the  situation,  and  the  nature 


No.  4195,  March  21,  1908 


THE     ATHENJEUM 


347 


of  the  problem,  as  few  apparently  do 
in  the  English  Church.  In  the  second 
book  before  us,  '  The  Church  and  Modern 
Men,'  this  fact  is  explicitly  stated  by  an 
author  of  distinction  and  force,  who  has 
already  won  a  deserved  recognition  by 
'  The  Agnostic's  Progress.'  The  style  of 
the  book,  its  subtle  and  elastic  use  of 
language,  its  delicacy  and  breadth,  alone 
make  it  worth  reading.  As  in  the  case  of 
many  other  Modernist  works,  it  is  not 
always  easy  to  grasp  what  the  writer 
means  ;  and  where  we  are  certain  of  it, 
we  feel  pretty  much  about  it  what  we 
have  said  above.  But  the  real  value  of 
the  volume  lies  in  its  appeal  to  the 
leaders  of  the  English  Church  to  look 
beyond  their  own  borders — to  learn  from 
what  is  going  on  in  the  Roman  Com- 
munion (nor,  indeed,  ought  they  to  con- 
fine themselves  to  that  body).  The  final 
pages  of  the  Introduction  make  a  clear 
and  effective  appeal.  We  cannot  close 
this  article  better  than  by  quoting  them. 
The  writer  is  speaking  on  behalf  of  lay- 
men, troubled  by  the  Zeitgeist,  yet  anxious, 
passionately  anxious,  for  faith  : — 

"  We  see  no  meaning  and  no  sense  in  an 
apologetic  based  on  metaphysics,  and  we 
know  nothing  of  one  that  arises  out  of  the 
modern  study  of  history  and  psychology, 
and  not  only  speaks  in  a  language  we  can 
understand,  but  appeals  to  that  which 
we  already  know  and  possess  in  ourselves 
as  its  own  witness.  When  laymen  in  this 
condition  meet  with  or  are  taught  by  pastors 
in  tiie  same  state  of  ignorance,  but  possessed 
of  a  different  set  of  presuppositions,  the 
blind  meet  with  the  blind  and  both  fall  into 
a  ditch  ;  these  on  one  side  of  the  barrier, 
those  on  the  other ....  The  teachers  should 
be  in  possession  of  a  knowledge  of  the 
troubles  and  difficulties  special  to  the  times, 
as  they  are  made  explicit  by  those  men, 
clerical  or  lay,  who  are  leaders  of  thought 
and  are  giving  utterance  to  the  dumb  and 
formless  mass,  which  they  are  gradually 
shaping  and  bringing  to  coherence  and 
articulate  life.  I  am  asking  only,  we  are 
asking  only,  for  a  truly  apostolic  missionary 
work ....  We  are  not  suggesting  that  you 
'  water  down  '  the  faith  ;  we  are  not  hoping 
that  you  will  abandon  some  of  the  treasures 
of  the  Church  to  lighten  the  burden  of  diffi- 
culty for  the  world  as  it  is  now  ;  we  would 
not  have  you  lower  the  standard  of  its 
moral  and  spiritual  demands  upon  men. 
We  ask  you  rather  to  emphasize  all  these 
and  once  more  to  conquer  the  world  with 
thorn.  And  I,  the  layman  of  the  Anglican 
Communion,  ask  you  to  study  what  men  of 
the  Roman  Communion  are  doing  in  order 
that  you  may  know  how  to  meet  the  diffi- 
culties and  overcome  the  disabilities  from 
which  our  insularity  and  our  isolation  either 
cannot  protect  us,  or  will  not  long  continue 
to  protoct  us.  If  there  is  a  modorn  apologetic 
shaped  or  being  shaped  ready  to  your 
hands,  '  an  apologotic  in  which  the  history 
of  religious  experience  is  revealing  itself 
in  a  dazzling  light,  as  clear  as  it  is  new,' 
will  you  not  hasten,  roverend  fathors,  to 
present  its  fruits  boforo  the  eyes  of  tho 
men  of  England  ?  " 

This  is  the  great  opportunity  which  is 
given  to  the  Church  of  England,  alike 
by  its  past  history  and  by  the  plain  non 
possumus  of  the  Vatican.  The  Church 
has,  we  do  not  say  to  reconcile  faith 
and  knowledge,  science  and  religion, 
but  to  set  them  in  their  right  relation  one 


to  another,  according  to  the  atmosphere 
of  the  twentieth  centurj^.  This  will  take 
many  efforts,  and  cannot  be  done  merely 
in  a  study.  The  new  synthesis,  if  it 
comes,  must  include  many  things.  But  we 
think  our  author  is  justified  in  saying 
that  the  question  whether  it  will  come, 
and  how,  is  for  the  Church  at  this  moment 
paramount  and  vital. 


History  of  the  County  of  Leicester.  Vol.  I. 
Edited  by  William  Page.  (Constable 
&Co.) 

This  first  volume  of  the  history  of  Leices- 
tershire begins,  in  accordance  with  the 
general  scheme  of  these  Victoria  County 
Histories,  with  the  various  branches 
of  natural  history.  Geology  and  palaeon- 
tology are  dealt  with  by  experts  whose 
names  have  frequently  appeared  in  the 
other  volumes  of  the  series.  Botany 
is  treated  by  Mr.  Harry  Fisher.  It  is 
interesting  to  note  in  the  introduction 
to  this  section  that  George  Crabbe,  the 
poet,  contributed,  in  conjunction  with 
another  writer,  the  '  Lists  of  Rarer 
Plants '  given  in  Nichols's  '  History  of 
Leicestershire,'  1796.  Ciabbe  spent  some 
years  of  his  life  in  the  neighbourhood 
of  Belvoir,  where  he  became  conversant 
with  many  of  the  wild  plants  within  walk- 
ing distance  of  the  Castle,  where  he  served 
as  chaplain  in  1783-5.  He  subsequently 
held  more  than  one  living  in  this  district 
before  returning  to  the  neighbourhood 
of  his  native  Aldeburgh.  Some  of  the 
rarer  plants  described  by  Crabbe  have 
disappeared  through  drainage. 

The  discussion  of  the  ornithology  of 
the  county  has  fallen  into  the  capable 
hands  of  a  distinguished  local  expert, 
Mr.  Montagu  Browne,  who  has  served 
for  many  years  as  Curator  of  the 
well-arranged  Leicester  Museum.  Bird- 
lovers  owe  much  to  Mr.  Browne  for  his 
singular  expertness  in  dealing  with  groups 
of  stuffed  birds,  which  bestows  on  them 
a  peculiarly  life-like  appearance.  No  one 
but  a  close  student  of  bird-life  could 
possibly  have  produced  the  groups 
that  adorn  the  Leicester  Museum  ;  they 
include  a  remarkable  reproduction  of  a 
heronry ;  whilst  another  wonderful  arrange- 
ment, most  difficult  to  achieve,  is  a  case 
of  swallows. 

As  Leicestershire  is  not  traversed  by 
any  river  of  importance,  and  contains 
no  sheet  of  water  larger  than  the  old 
Saddington  Canal  reservoir,  the  county 
is  naturally  deficient  in  a  number  of  birds. 
There  is  no  hill  of  greater  height  than 
912  ft.  (Bardon  Hill),  nor  are  there  any 
moors  or  open  heaths  of  considerable 
extent.  When  all  these  drawbacks  are 
considered,  the  bird-list,  which  includes 
two  hundred  and  thirteen  species,  is  by 
no  means  lacking  in  number,  variety, 
or  interest.  The  notes  as  to  their  respec- 
tive occurrence  are  written  in  a  straight- 
forward and  entertaining  fashion.  Mr. 
Browne  preserves  an  open  mind  as  to 
the  object  or  construction  of  the  many 
unused  wrens'  nests  which  appear  to  be 
begun  in  the  spring,  and  finished  except 


for  the  inner  lining  of  feathers.  These 
unfinished  nests  have  long  been  a  puzzle 
to  ornithologists  in  most  parts  of  England. 
Mr.  Browne  says  : — 

"  They  are  commonly  called  '  cocks' 
nests,'  and  are  popularly  supposed  to  be 
built  by  the  cock  for  amusement,  or  through 
some  exuberance  of  fancy.  Mr.  Dresser's 
opinion  is  that  they  are  used  as  houses  of 
refuge  in  cold  or  inclement  weather — an 
opinion  shared,  as  he  says,  by  many  other 
naturalists.  Harley,  however,  believed  that 
they  were  not  built  by  the  wren  at  all,  but 
by  the  dormouse." 

We  are  glad  to  notice  that  Mr.  Browne 
gives  the  local  names  for  a  large  number 
of  the  Leicestershire  species.  Some  of 
these  are  unusual  ;  such  as  "  goss-hatch  " 
for  the  wheatear,  "  hay- jug "  for  the 
whitethroat,  "  mumruffin  "  for  the  many 
titled  longtailed  tit,  and  "  rainbird " 
for  the  green  woodpecker.  In  one  par- 
ticular Mr.  Browne  adopts  a  singular 
nomenclature,  which  may  perhaps  be 
a  slip  of  the  pen  ;  he  gives  redbreast 
as  the  proper  name  of  the  EritJiacus 
rubecula,  and  then  gives  robin  as  the  local 
name.  Surely  the  name  "  robin "  is 
common  to  the  whole  of  England,  and 
in  no  way  specially  associated  with 
Leicestershire  or  the  Midlands.  The 
nightingales  of  this  county,  though  said 
to  be  sparingly  distributed,  are  extra- 
ordinarily bold  in  their  habits.  One 
of  these  birds  sang  vigorously  from  the 
29th  of  April  to  the  18th  of  May  over 
the  tunnel  close  to  Leicester  Railway 
Station  :  "  Its  song  usually  continued 
for  an  hour  or  more,  and  neither  trains, 
steam,  nor  whistles  stopped  it  for  an 
instant."  Occasionally,  too,  the  Leices- 
tershire nightingales  seem  to  aspire  to 
chorus  singing,  for  "  in  the  spring  of  1905 
Mr.  W.  J.  Home  noted  twenty-five  males 
singing  near  Market  Harborough,  where 
apparently  they  had  taken  up  their 
quarters  for  nesting." 

Mr.  Clinch  deals  with  the  story  of  early 
man  in  a  well-illustrated  article,  after 
his  usual  lucid  fashion.  The  Romano- 
British  article,  which  is  the  joint  work 
of  the  general  editor  (Mr.  Page)  and  Miss 
Keate,  is  put  together  in  excellent  style. 
Those  who  arc  acquainted  with  the 
Leicester  Museum  will  remember  how 
important  are  many  of  the  remains  of 
Roman  occupation  discovered  within  the 
limits  of  the  county. 

Mr.  R.  A.  Smith,  of  the  British  Museum, 
deals  with  the  Anglo-Saxon  remains, 
and  these,  too,  are  of  considerable  value 
and  extent.  One  of  the  last  important 
discoveries  in  the  county  was  made  in 
1890-91,  during  the  construction  of  the 
Midland  branch  line  from  Saxby  to 
Bourne.  The  cemetery  that  was  un- 
earthed near  the  new  Saxby  station  was 
visited  by  the  Rev.  Dr.  Cox,  who  exhibited 
and  described  the  finds  to  the  Society 
of  Antiquaries.  A  special  feature  of  this 
cemetery  was  the  finding  of  rough  hand- 
made vessels  packed  with  calcined  human 
bones  close  to  other  extended  interments, 
which  showed  skeletons  and  ornaments 
or  weapons  in  a  fair  state  of  preserva- 
tion. Tho  usual  explanation  that  these 
mixed  interments  are  respectively  pagan 


348 


T  II  E     A  Til  KNjEUM 


No.  4195.  March  21,  1008 


Mid  Christian  still,  in  our  Opinion,  holds 
the  field.  As  to  this,  Mr.  Smith  is  sceptical: 
hut  why  he  Should  say  that   "  the  presence 

of  arms  negatives  the  idea  of  Christian 
burial,"  ire  are  ;it  ■  loss  to  understand. 

The  section  on  ancient  earthworks 
appears  to  be  well  and  almost  exhaustively 
worked  out  ;  it  is  carefully  illustrated 
with  plans.  The  writer,  Mr.  J.  Charles 
Wall,  had  the  advantage,  in  drawing  up 
this  treatise,  of  much  help  from  the  late 
.Mr.  1.  Chalklcy  Gould,  whose  recent 
death  was  a  great  loss  to  all  interested 
in  this  particular  branch  of  archaeology. 
This  is  followed  by  a  translation  of  the 
Leicestershire  Domesday,  with  a  descrip- 
tive introduction  ;  it  is  the  work  of  Mr. 
F.  M.  Stenton,  who  similarly  treated  the 
surveys  of  Nottinghamshire  and  Derby- 
shire in  this  series.  The  Domesday  map 
of  the  county  is  of  great  use  for  a  clear 
understanding  of  the  position  of  affairs 
immediately  after  the  Conquest ;  the 
manors  held  respectively  by  the  King, 
the  Bishop,  and  Hugh  de  Greutemaisnil 
(to  whom  the  Conqueror  assigned  a  large 
portion  of  this  county)  are  distinctively 
marked. 

The  last  section  is  one  of  about  fifty 
pages,  dealing  with  the  ecclesiastical  his- 
tory of  the  shire.  It  is  the  work  of  Sister 
Elspeth,  of  the  Community  of  All  Saints. 
It  is  trustworthy,  and  yields  evidence  of 
considerable  reading  of  both  manuscript 
and  printed  authorities. 


Colonel  Nathaniel  Whetham  :  a  Forgotten 
Soldier  of  the  Civil  Wars.  By  Catherine 
Durning  Whetham  and  William  Cecil 
Dampier  Whetham.     (Longmans  &  Co.) 

The  immediate  purpose  of  this  book  is 
to  record  the  career  of  a  typical  soldier 
of  high  class,  who,  either  in  the  field  or 
in  administration,  served  continuously 
throughout  the  Civil  War  and  up  to  the 
day  of  the  Restoration.  But  in  pursuit 
of  that  purpose  the  authors  have  estab- 
lished far  wider  claims  to  attention. 
They  have  made  a  real  contribution  to  a 
clear  understanding  of  the  conditions 
of  the  conflict,  from  the  first  blow  to 
the  final  stage,  when,  under  Monck's 
consummate  guidance,  the  civil  power 
triumphed  over  the  rule  of  the  sword  ; 
and  their  work  should  secure  permanent 
recognition,  not  merely  as  a  fine  result 
of  patient  and  discriminating  research,  but 
also  as  a  valuable  addition  to  the  general 
literature  of  the  subject.  This  is  the 
more  likely  because  controversy  has  no 
place  in  its  pages.  The  opinions  of  Col. 
Whetham  are,  with  one  dramatic  excep- 
tion, to  be  found  only  in  his  deeds ; 
and  the  authors  have  had  the  excellent 
judgment  to  refrain  from  intruding  their 
own  —  for  which  relief  much  thanks. 
Nor  are  the  deeds  themselves  such  as 
to  detract  from  the  typical  character  of 
the  record.  Col.  Whetham  did  nothing 
heroic  or  dashing  on  the  great  scale ; 
he  did  not  even  take  part  in  any 
of  the  more  grandiose  actions  of  the 
war.  He  was  not  a  Rupert  or  a 
Cromwell,    a   Hampden    or   a   Falkland. 


He  was  not  a  Monek,  but  "  a  man  of  the 
type  of  Monek — a  soldier  and  adminis- 
trator loyal  to  his  commission,  and  not 
meddling  in  polities  or  religion  more  than 
he  could  help."  Of  few  words,  but 
capable,  vigilant,  and  prompt  of  action, 
he  was  always  sought  after  to  fill  positions 
of  trust,  made  no  mistakes,  took  his  own 
line  with  great  effect  at  critical  moments, 
and  left  a  life  of  incessant  activity  ;in 
unobtrusively  as  he  had  entered  it.  To 
present  such  a  figure  attractively  and, 
we  may  say,  educatively,  from  the  meagre 
materials  available,  has  been  no  light 
task  ;  and  we  are  sincerely  grateful  to 
those  who  have  performed  it. 

Nathaniel  Whetham  was  the  youngest 
child  of  a  family  of  good  Dorset  stock, 
and  for  sixteen  years  lived  the  practical 
and  inspiring  life  of  a  liberal  country 
home,  where  the  occupations  and  economy 
of  considerable  estates  were  constantly 
before  his  eyes.  He  was  then,  according 
to  the  wholesome  custom  which  largely 
accounted  for  the  quality  of  the  resistance 
which  the  King  encountered  in  the  large 
towns,  apprenticed — to  the  baker  of  the 
Inner  Temple  ;  rose  steadily  through  all 
the  grades  of  this  service,  and  at  length, 
after  prudently  marrying  his  master's 
widowr,  became  baker  to  the  Inner  Tem- 
ple himself.  It  is  clear  that  during 
this  period,  and  for  the  next  nine 
years,  he  was  fitting  himself  for  the  part 
he  was  to  play,  for  at  the  outbreak  of 
war  he  Avas  appointed  major  of  the 
Dragoons  enlisted  by  the  City.  He 
saw  his  first  active  service  in  January, 
1643,  under  Col.  Goodwin  on  outpost 
duty  near  Aylesbury ;  and  a  letter  to  his 
superior — one  of  the  few  extant — illus- 
trates not  merely  the  character  of  the 
man,  but  also  the  difficulties  which  beset 
a  Parliamentary  commander  in  the  early 
stages  of  the  war  : — 

Most  noble  Sr, — I  beseech  you  to 
excuse  mee  in  that  I  doe  not  wraite  uppon 
you  for  orders  accordinge  to  my  duty, 
the  ground  whearof  meerely  arisinge  from 
my  care  to  the  states  good,  for  if  I  should 
bee  but  a  small  while  absent  our  dragooners 
would  for  the  most  part  all  bee  gone  wch  as  I 
conceive  would  bee  preiuditiall  to  us,  in 
incouraginge  our  Enimies  and  Discouraginge 
us  to  heare  that  our  forces  disband,  besides 
the  loss  the  state  would  suffer  in  regard 
of  theire  horse  and  armes,  woh  yet  notwUl- 
standinge  for  all  my  care  of  them  and  En- 
gagem,s  for  them  are  some  allredy  gone 
as  my  Leiftn1  this  bearer  can  more  fully 
informe  you  :  Truly  Sr  my  most  humble 
and  honourable  Esteem  of  yor  solfe  and  my 
unfayghned  respect  to  the  cause  brought 
mee  first  onto  you,  and  though  I  left  a  sonne 
dead  over  night  and  a  sorrowfull  woman 
havinge  longe  bad  a  wounded  contience 
and  troubled  spirit  (and  then  much  more 
increased  by  that  temporall  afnicion)  yet 
I  most  willingly  in  tho  morninge  left  all 
to  obay  orders  I  rec.  to  waite  uppon  you  ; 
wch  I  hope  together  wth  yor  owne  goodnes 
&  Charity  may  perswade  you  of  the  faithful- 
nes  of  him  to  doe  you  service  who  un- 
faighnedly  desires  to  bee  yov  humble 
(though  unworthy)  servant, 

Nath.  Whetham. 

We  have  no  account  of  the  part  which 
Whetham  himself  took  in  the  actions  of 
Goodwin's    force ;   but    the   rapid   estab- 


lishment   of    his   repute    in    the    course  of 
■    couple   of    months    if    shown    by  his 

appointment  as  Governor  of  Northampton, 
which  had  already  become  the  place  of 
concentrat jon  of  the  main  army  of  the 
Parliament,  and  the  importance  of  which 
throughout  the  war,  both  for  attack  and 
defence,  is  excellently  defined  in  the 
text.  The  account  of  bis  capable 
and  successful  service  gives  sufficient 
evidence  of  the  disciplined  valour  and 
prompt  decision  which  reached  their 
highest  point  in  Cromwell  ;  and  although 
the  first  siege  of  Banbury,  at  which  he 
served  as  second  in  command,  was  ren- 
dered abortive  by  the  King's  approach 
before  the  second  battle  of  Newbury, 
Whetham  himself  suffered  no  discredit. 
He  got  his  heavy  guns  back  to  Northamp- 
ton in  safety,  remaining  there  until 
the  battle  of  Naseby  virtually  concluded 
the  war,  when,  again  nominally  second 
in  command,  he  had  the  actual  conduct 
of  the  successful  siege  of  Banbury. 

With  the  close  of  the  war,  and  until 
danger  arose  again  in  1649,  Whetham 
disappears  from  the  scene  of  action  ; 
there  is  no  mention  of  him  throughout 
the  second  Civil  War,  which  ended  with 
the  fall  of  Colchester.  He  appears  to 
have  returned  quietly  and  naturally  to 
his  first  occupation,  since  in  1647  he  was 
elected  Under-Warden  of  the  Bakers' 
Company.  He  was  now  in  a  position  to 
satisfy  his  desire  to  be  connected  again 
with  the  land  of  his  birth,  and  in  January, 
1649,  he  became  the  purchaser  from  the 
Committee  of  Trustees  who  dealt  with  the 
manors,  lands,  and  possessions  of  the  late 
archbishops  and  bishops,  of  the  lordship 
and  manor  of  Chard  and  borough  of  Chard 
in  the  county  of  Somerset,  and  all  the 
rents,  tolls,  rights,  or  royalties  therein  "be- 
longing to  the  late  Bishoprick  of  Bath 
and  Wells."  In  politics  he  took  no  part. 
As  a  Presbyterian  he  disapproved  of  the 
King's  execution  ;  but 

"  like  Fairfax  and  many  others,  while 
opposed  to  the  policy  of  Cromwell  and  the 
Independents,  he  may  have  been  ready 
to  serve  under  them,  on  the  principle  that 
the  government  of  the  country  must  be 
carried  on." 

But  in  September,  1649,  active  life  began 
again.  This  time  it  was  Portsmouth 
which  assumed  the  importance  which 
had  been  that  of  Northampton,  for 
Rupert,  with  the  revolted  navy,  was 
scouring  the  seas.  The  situation  is  well 
put  in  the  following  paragraph  : — 

"  The  immediate  task  of  the  Government 
was  to  regain  command  of  the  sea  and  the 
allegiance  of  the  British  dominions  beyond 
it.  Just  as  Northampton  was  one  of  the 
advanced  bases  from  which  tho  Parliament 
organizod  their  attacks  on  Oxford  and 
Banbury  in  the  first  Civil  War,  so  in  the 
dockyard  and  harbour  of  Portsmouth  were 
fitted  out  tho  ships  which  hunted  Rupert 
round  the  Mediterranean  and  across  the 
Atlantic,  and  fought  for  days  together  with 
the  Dutch." 

Fairfax  and  Cromwell  had  not  forgotten 
Whetham,  and  on  September  17th  the 
Under-Warden  of  the  Bakers'  Company 
was  appointed  Governor  of  Portsmouth. 
Here  he  remained  until  the  summoning 


No.  4195,  March  21,  1908 


THE    ATHENAEUM 


349 


of  Cromwell's  first  elected  Parliament 
of  1654.  We  wish  that  space  permitted 
even  the  most  limited  analysis  of  our 
authors'  admirable  account  of  the  ac- 
tivity and  complete  effectiveness  of 
Whetham's  governorship,  which  included 
the  repair  of  fortifications ;  the  getting 
together  and  equipment  of  the  fleets 
with  which  Blake  crushed  Rupert  and 
humbled  the  Dutch;  the  new  duties  of 
raising  and  organizing  the  county  militia ; 
as  Justice  of  the  Peace  for  Hampshire, 
the  control  of  local  government ;  the 
support  of  the  unemployed  and  improve- 
ment of  the  sanitary  conditions  of  the 
town ;  and  the  dismantling  of  the  fortifica- 
tions of  neighbouring  strongholds  like 
Arundel.  One  event  of  far-reaching  im- 
portance to  Whetham  may  be  noted. 
Monck  landed  at  Portsmouth  in  March, 
1653,  and  for  a  month  learnt  to  know 
Whetham's  qualities. 

To  the  Parliament  of  1654  Whetham 
went  as  member  for  Portsmouth,  and 
within  a  few  days  unmistakably  de- 
fined his  position.  Addressing  Cromwell 
directly,  during  the  debate  upon  the 
proposal  to  make  the  Protectorship  here- 
ditary, he  emphasized  by  a  quotation, 
which,  coming  from  this  silent  man, 
must  have  electrified  the  House,  the 
indignant  disapproval  of  many  hearts. 
"  Hast  thou  killed,  and  also  taken  posses- 
sion ?  "  he  exclaimed,  in  the  words  of 
Elijah.  It  was  the  one  dramatic  moment 
of  his  life. 

It  was  no  blame  to  Cromwell  that  he 
felt  it  inexpedient  that  a  soldier  of  high 
repute  who  could  speak  thus  should 
remain  governor  of  the  chief  naval  port 
of  the  country.  On  the  other  hand, 
the  services  which  he  could  render  were 
not  to  be  lost.  It  cannot  be  doubted  that 
while  at  Portsmouth  Monck  had  found 
him  a  man  after  his  own  heart ;  and 
the  situation  was  now  saved  by  his 
appointment  upon  the  council  of  nine 
established  to  assist  the  General  in  the 
settlement  of  Scotland.  For  two  and  a 
half  years  he  was  absorbed  in  this  new 
employment,  the  description  of  which 
provides  one  of  the  best  chapters  in  the 
book.  He  was  returned  for  the  Fife  burghs 
to  the  Parliament  of  1656,  his  few 
recorded  speeches  in  which  give  "  an  idea 
of  a  clear-headed,  sensible  man  of  affairs, 
far  removed  from  the  visionary  zealots 
and  uncompromising  revolutionaries." 
Whether  he  went  back  to  Scotland  is  not 
clear ;  but  he  was  again  returned  for 
Fife  to  the  Parliament  of  1658.  During 
the  conflict  which  followed  upon  Crom- 
well's death  Whetham  gave  no  sign.  But 
he  was  soon  called  upon  once  more. 
Regarding  the  unlimited  power  of  the 
army  with  distrust,  he  nevertheless  gave 
Ins  first  thought  to  supporting  what  seemed 
at  the  time  the  best  chance  of  settled 
government ;  and  a  fortnight  before  the 
abdication  of  Richard  Cromwell  we  find 
him  accepting  from  the  Committee  of 
Safety,  and  afterwards  from  the  Council 
of  State — both  under  the  control  of  the 
army,  but  both,  it  must  be  noted,  of  Par- 
liamentary .appointment — his  old  charge 
at  Portsmouth. 


As  Governor  of  Portsmouth,  and  the 
upholder  of  Parliamentary  rule,  Whetham 
now  played  the  most  important  part  of 
his  life.  When  Lambert  had  ejected  the 
Rump,  and  a  new  army  Committee  of 
Safety  had  assumed  entire  control,  the 
most  active  members  of  the  deposed 
Council  of  State  sought  for  some  place 
to  which  the  members  of  Parliament  could 
be  summoned  to  continue  resistance  ;  and 
Whetham  offered  Portsmouth.  Heselrige, 
Walton,  and  Morley  hastened  to  take  pos- 
session in  the  name  of  the  Parliament;  and, 
with  fresh  strength  coming  in  every  day, 
Whetham  was  soon  in  a  condition  to  defy 
the  expected  siege.  The  proposed  meeting 
of  Parliament  did  not  take  place  ;  but 
Whetham's  action  was  decisive.  Forces 
were,  indeed,  sent  by  the  Committee 
of  Safety  to  besiege  the  place,  but  they 
immediately  passed  over  to  the  garrison. 
In  a  short  time  Whetham  was  in  command 
of  3,000  horse  and  foot ;  and  on  receipt 
of  the  news  that  Lawson  and  the  fleet 
had  declared  for  the  Parliament  and 
held  the  Thames,  he  moved  at  once  on 
London.  This  was  the  signal  for  the 
collapse  of  the  Army  rule,  and  on  Decem- 
ber 26th  the  ejected  Rump  met  once 
more. 

The  importance  of  this  action  of 
Whetham  does  not  appear  to  have  been 
appreciated  by  our  leading  historians. 
By  some  it  is  mentioned  casually,  by 
some  not  at  all.  Whetham's  march  was 
the  first  organized  military  step  in  defence 
of  civil  government.  It  gave  heart  to 
the  London  troops  to  do  the  same,  and 
thus  cut  off  all  possibility  of  support  to 
Lambert  from  the  South,  and  made 
Monck' s  progress  to  London  easy. 

How  this  action  was  regarded  by  Parlia- 
ment itself  may  be  seen  from  the  special 
vote  of  thanks  to  Whetham  and  his  officers 
"  for  their  fidelity  and  great  good  service 
done  for  the  Parliament  and  Common- 
wealth." More  solid,  but  temporary 
rewards  were  forthcoming  in  the  shape 
of  lands  to  the  amount  of  200?.  yearly 
and  the  command  of  a  regiment. 

Here  his  active  career  closed.  It  is 
difficult  to  understand  why  he  disappeared 
so  utterly  from  the  scene,  and  submitted 
so  readily  to  Monck's  opposition  to  his 
entering  the  Convention  Parliament.  But 
so  it  was.  While  others  with  far  lighter 
claims  sought  for  and  obtained  honours 
and  wealth,  he  retired  into  obscurit}*-,  an 
impoverished  and  forgotten  man.  His 
regiment  went  at  the  Restoration  ;  the 
Church  lands  which  he  had  bought  re- 
turned to  the  Church  without  compensa- 
tion ;  and  the  remaining  years  of  his  life 
were  passed  in  retirement  at  a  small 
estate  at  Chard,  where  he  died  in  1668. 
Such  was  the  fate  of  many  who  had  helped 
to  restore  Charles  and  give  wealth  and  a 
dukedom  to  Monck. 

Rich  in  illustration,  drawn  in  great 
measure  from  original  sources,  this  book 
is  refreshingly  free  from  superfluous 
matter;  and  its  style  presents  the  direct- 
ness, and  restraint  regarding  the  intrusion 
of  personal  sentiments,  which  belong  to 
true  scholarship.  We  scarcely  think  of  its 
authorship  as  \vc  read,  and  the  knowledge 


is  so  unobtrusively  displayed  that  we  are 
apt  to  forget  the  industry  by  which  alone 
it  could  have  been  acquired. 


NEW    NOVELS. 


The  Heart  of  a  Child.     By  Frank  Danby. 

(Hutchinson  &  Co.) 
A  sense  of  reahtym  this  novel  overbears 
the  incongruities  and  improbabilities  of 
conduct,  character,  and  incident.  If  one 
is  tempted  to  be  sceptical  about  some 
of  these  things,  the  common  sense  and 
intelligence  of  the  heroine  (whose  feet 
are  set  on  solid  earth  throughout  her 
progress  from  the  lowest  depths  of  slum 
life  to  the  giddy  heights  of  the  peerage), 
and  the  author's  direct  way  of  recounting 
these  experiences,  are  incentives  to  faith. 
The  nature  of  the  girl  shows  originality 
of  conception.  She  is  likeable,  at  times 
attractive,  yet  we  follow  some  of  the 
minor  characters  and  their  occupations 
with  equal  curiosity  and  interest.  Neither 
the  manner  nor  matter  of  the  story 
is  altogether  sympathetic.  Perhaps  the 
period  dealing  with  the  slums  would 
have  gained  in  force  had  the  touches  of 
brutality  been  fewer.  The  violence  of 
modern  drawing  sometimes  defeats  its 
purpose.  It  is  too  determined,  too  eager 
to  make  its  effects.  Besides  this,  there 
are  people  who,  in  spite  of  many  really 
clever  touches,  scarcely  enter  sufficiently 
into  the  web  of  the  story  to  warrant  their 
appearance  at  intervals.  The  characters 
which  are  best  depicted  belong  to  the  lower 
slopes  of  the  theatrical  world.  A  sort 
of  agent — a  Jew — is  in  language  and 
manners  stamped  to  an  unlovely  image 
by  the  exigencies  of  his  calling,  a  part  of 
which  is  concerned  with  "  beating  up," 
and  likewise  "  beating  down,"  human 
beings.  Constant  contact  with  other 
people's  venial  and  serious  sins  makes 
him  seem  at  first  sight  utterly  repulsive  ; 
but  under  his  grossness,  vulgarity,  and 
money-grubbing  are  hidden  a  strong  and 
steady  love  of  home,  and  tenderness  in 
every  domestic  relation.  It  is  a  curious 
mixture.  A  noteworthy  picture  is  that  of 
the  interior  of  a  Bond  Street  establishment 
of  the  latest  type,  with  a  man  milliner 
of  impeccable  taste  in  clothes.  A  corner 
of  Mayfair  existence,  with  unpleasant 
suggestions  of  corruption  and  folly,  is 
also  well  done. 


Mothers   in   Israel :    a   Study    in    Rustic 

Amenities.     By  J.  S.  Fletcher.     (John 

Murray.) 
Mr.  Fletcher's  new  story  returns  to 
his  earlier  subjects  and  methods.  He 
deals  with  Yorkshire  village  life,  and 
handles  it  tenderly  and  with  a  sense  of 
humour.  His  text  is  the  slandering 
tongue  of  woman,  and  he  tells  us  in  his 
Preface    that    the    two    ehiet     eharaeters 

here  pilloried  were  real  human  beings. 
They  have  the  air  of  being  so,  yel 
they   are    hateful    enough,    and    it    is   difti- 

eult  to  find  any  redeeming  feature  in 
either.  We  hope  that  not  many  such 
inhabit  rural  places,  or  any  other  places 
for   that   matter.     For  the   rest,   th<>   talo 


350 


T  II  E     AT  II  KN7KUM 


N<>.    ll'.i.-,.  .M.\i;<  ii  21,   1908 


ii  ■  ample  love-story  oonoerning  ■  young 
minister  and  a  pretty  schoolmistress.     R  i 
like  the  minister,  who  seems  also  to  have 
been  a  man  of  the  world  ;   and  the  girl  is 

adequately  Bimple  and  feminine. 


Her    Besetting    Virtue.     By    Mary   Stuart 

Boyd.     (Hodder  &  Stoughton.) 
\\  n;:.\  at  the  beginning  of  a  novel  ire  find 

an  heiress  voluntarily  reducing  herself 
to  the  more  pittance  (from  a  fictional 
standpoint)  of  1601.  a  year,  we  are  pre- 
pared to  expect  that  her  virtue  will  lead 
to  such  other  besetting  evils  as  the  un- 
faithfulness of  lovers,  the  ingratitude  of 
servants,  and  the  insolence  of  rich  rela- 
tions, till  at  last  compensation  arrives 
in  the  form  of  a  suitor,  a  little  too 
obviouslj'  produced  for  this  purpose  only, 
but  eminent  equally  for  gear  and  grace. 
All  these  things  happen  accordingly,  but 
in  far  from  uninteresting  fashion,  and  with 
many  entertaining  interludes — notably  the 
charming  description  of  a  little  Devon- 
shire fishing  village,  and  the  contrasted 
picture  of  a  Bloomsbury  boarding-house, 
drawn  rather  from  the  "superior"  point 
of  view,  yet  not  without  good-nature. 
Like  most  novelists,  the  author  is  evi- 
dently under  the  curious  impression  that 
settlements  are  still  necessary  to  secure 
a  married  woman's  fortune  for  herself. 


A  Modern  Antique.     By  Riccardo  Nobili. 

(Blackwood  &  Sons.) 
This  capital  novel  is  injured  by  melo- 
dramatic ineffectiveness,  the  disclosures 
following  the  opening  of  a  villa  closed  for 
thirty  years  after  a  tragedy  being  un- 
exciting ;  but  the  comedy  hinted  at  by 
the  title  is  full  of  life  and  movement. 
The  villain  is  Gaspero  Bandini,  an  ex- 
sexton  whose  business  is  the  production 
of  sham  antiques,  and  the  acquirement 
of  real  ones  by  imposing  on  the  simplicity 
of  village  priests.  He  is  steeped  to  the 
lips  in  crime ;  it  is  therefore  odd  to 
imagine  him  in  colloquy  with  his  conscience 
over  comparatively  trifling  matters,  as 
on  pp.  57-8.  The  strength  of  the  novel 
is  its  minute  and  diverting  exhibition  of 
roguery  in  the  factory  and  the  auction- 
room,  and  its  reduction  (one  is  grieved  to 
add)  of  the  American  connoisseur  to  a 
figure  of  fun.  The  comedy  is  enriched 
by  the  fact  that  the  antique  to  which 
attention  is  chiefly  directed  is  the  work  of 
an  aristocratic  Italian,  who  is  unable  to 
prevent  the  lying  pedigree  bestowed  upon 
it  from  making  a  fortune  for  Bandini. 
The  love-scene  in  an  old-fashioned  Italian 
labyrinth  suggests  that  the  author  might 
produce  a  good  novel  of  purely  sentimental 
interest. 

An  Actor's  Love  Story.     By  Alice  M.  Diehl. 

(Hurst  &  Blackett.) 
It  is  difficult  to  understand  how  an  author, 
having  the  facility  in  writing  that  Mrs. 
Diehl  has,  can  fail  to  see,  as  she  does,  the 
true  character,  or  rather  want  of  character, 
of  her  heroine.  She  has  in  considerable 
detail  pictured  the  immature  mind  of  a 
sentimental  and  priggish  schoolgirl,   and 


asks   us   to   think    her   "  SUOfa   B   swt-.i    and 

clever  girl."  The  story  tells  of  this  young 
lady's  engagement  to  a  soheming  and 
elderly  baronet,  and  later  of  hei 

Struck  love  for  a  popular  aetoi-nianajjei . 
The  situations  towards  the  close  of  the 
book  are  absurd,  and  the  last  few  chapters 
show  signs  of  hasty  writing. 


Sarah's     Mother.      By    L.      T.      Meade. 
(Hodder  &  Stoughton.) 

As  the  title  might  suggest,  this  is  a  simple 
and  unvarnished  tale,  designed  for  the 
palates  of  schoolgirls  no  doubt  ;  but 
schoolgirls,  we  fear,  have  more  developed 
tastes  nowadays.  It  is  the  heir  of  all 
the  ages  of  unsophistication,  the  lineal 
descendant  of  '  Fairchild  Families,'  and 
1  Heirs  of  Redclyffe,'  and  what  not.  On 
the  whole,  the  author  is  to  be  preferred 
in  this  mood  to  her  appearance  with 
adventurers  and  melodrama.  Sarah  is  a 
good  girl,  and  fond  of  her  mother  ;  and 
there  is  another  good  girl  of  lowlier 
birth ;  and  one  unexceptionable  young 
man  who  discovers  the  divine  fire  in 
Sarah,  he  being  twenty-four,  and  she 
seventeen.  In  fact,  all  are  very  nice 
people,  though  they  have  their  shades 
and  degrees  —  all  except  perhaps  the 
Colonel,  who  is  rather  amusingly  ren- 
dered. 


The     Chichester     Intrigue.      By    Thomas 
Cobb.     (John  Lane.) 

Here  the  theme,  while  calculated  to 
make  some  readers  impatient,  is  well 
suited  to  the  taste  of  many  who  work 
hard  at  the  business  of  pleasure  during 
a  London  season.  A  fashionable  actor 
dies,  and  among  his  papers  are  found 
certain  letters  suggesting  that  he  had 
some  kind  of  intrigue  with  a  girl  of  decent 
family  who  is  now  being  wooed  by  one 
of  the  executor's  most  intimate  friends. 
The  letters  show  the  first  name  only  of 
their  writer,  and  she  has  an  aunt  and  a 
cousin  who  both  have  it,  too.  Should 
the  executor  warn  his  friend  ?  How, 
with  justice  to  the  girl,  can  the  need  of 
warning  be  established  beyond  doubt  ? 
The  matter  is  discussed  through  nearly 
three  hundred  pages.  It  is  a  neat,  deft 
piece  of  work — a  record  of  small  talk, 
pleasantly  put  together. 


The    Gentle    Thespians.     By    R.    Murray 
Gilchrist.     (Milne.) 

"  Mild,"  in  the  irreverent  schoolboy  sense, 
appears  to  us  an  adjective  more  appro- 
priate than  "  gentle  "  to  the  "  Thespians  " 
of  the  title  and  the  story  in  which  they 
figure.  It  is  a  mildly  exciting,  mildly 
amusing  romance,  by  no  means  without 
charm,  having  for  theme  the  adventures 
of  an  amateur  company,  who,  under  the 
leadership  of  two  former  professionals, 
go  for  amusement  on  a  country  tour, 
varying  their  dramatic  labours  by  love- 
making.  The  language  and  customs  of  the 
early  eighteenth  eentuiy  are  represented, 
on  the  whole,  with  accuracy. 


'/'A'    Man  who  wtu  Thursday.     By  ('-.  K. 
Chesterton.     (Bristol,    .J.    W.    Arrow* 

smith  ;     London.    Simpkin.    .Marshall    & 

Co.) 

'I'm:  source  of  Mi.  Chesterton's  inspiration 

is  obvious  at  the  outset  of  this  book. 
He  calls  it  a  nightmare  ;  but  we  take 
leave  to  describe  it  as  B  fantasia  faithfully 

modelled  on  Stevenson's  '  New  Arabian 
Nights.'  Mr.  Chesterton  has  not  pro- 
duced the  eerieness  or  awesomeness  of 
Stevenson,  and  perhaps  had  no  desire  to 
do  so.  On  the  other  hand,  he  is  wry 
witty  and  amusing.  Possibly  there 
some  earnest  purpose  underlying  the 
farce,  for  we  are  used  in  these  days  to  the 
virtues  masquerading  as  grotesques,  and 
serious  intentions  in  buffoonery.  But 
frankly  we  only  care  to  treat  .Mr.  Chester- 
ton's nightmare  as  food  for  laughter. 
The  central  idea  of  the  whole  council  of 
anarchists  turning  out  to  be  composed  of 
disguised  detectives  is  distinctly  pleasing, 
though  it  is  not,  we  think,  novel.  Mr. 
Chesterton  gives  us  a  merry  chase, 
but  we  confess  to  disappointment  with 
an  end  which  is  bewildering,  and  appa- 
rently mystic,  but  to  us  unintelligible. 


Mrs.    Mulligan's    Millions.     By    Edward 

McNulty.  (Hurst  &  Blackett.) 
This  book  is  broad  farce  diversified  by  a 
strain  of  incongruous  and  scarcely  artistic 
tragedy.  Its  heroine,  an  elderly  vagrant 
who  objects  to  bathing,  and  is  addicted 
to  whisky  and  the  vilest  of  tobacco,  is 
suddenly  proclaimed  heiress  to  an  enor- 
mous fortune  amassed  by  a  relative  in 
America  ;  and  forthwith  all  her  kindred, 
who  have  hitherto  held  her  in  not  unmerited 
abhorrence,  tumble  over  each  other  in 
their  efforts  to  conciliate  her,  varying  the 
proceedings  by  a  clumsy  and  unsuccessful 
attempt  upon  her  life.  The  legacy,  how- 
ever, proves  in  the  end  a  bogus  affair, 
and  the  old  woman  gladly  returns  to  the 
joys  of  vagabondage,  her  would-be  assassins 
escaping  a  great  deal  too  lightly.  The 
scene  is  laid  in  an  Irish  provincial  town, 
and  there  are  some  amusing  specimens 
of  local  journalism. 


Rachel  Chalfont.  By  Sophie  Cole.  (Duck- 
worth &  Co.) 
If  this  is,  as  it  appears  to  be,  a  first 
novel,  the  author  shows  unusual  promise. 
The  heroine  is  an  interesting  and  entirely 
sympathetic  person  ;  the  atmosphere  of 
her  early  home,  with  its  blending  of 
the  commonplace  and  the  tragic,  is  admir- 
ably realized  ;  and  the  strange  adventure 
resulting  from  her  father's  literary  legacy, 
though  it  suggests  comparison  with  '  The 
Giant's  Robe '  is  in  the  main  original. 
The  principal  defect  is  a  tendency  to 
the  leaving  of  loose  ends.  The  history, 
for  example,  of  Rachel's  parents,  espe- 
cially the  mysterious  trial  in  which  they 
are  both  involved,  is  indicated  with  the 
utmost  vagueness,  and  so  suddenly 
dropped  that  we  are  continually — but 
in  vain — expecting  to  come  again  upon 
its  track.  The  villain  has  something  of 
the  curious    fascination  attached  to  Miss 


No.  4195,  Makch  21,  1908 


THE    ATHENAEUM 


351 


Harraden's  "  Fowler,"  but  proves  him- 
self an  even  less  satisfactory  companion 
for  an  inexperienced  girl.  The  blameless 
hero  impresses  us  as  much  more  alive 
than  the  majority  of  his  kind  in  feminine 
fiction.     The  English  is  vivid  and  literary. 


Going  through  the  Mill.     By  Mrs.   Gerald 

Paget.  (Brown,  Langham  &  Co.) 
The  "  chronicler "  is  a  woman  of  forty 
who  leaves  "  the  smart  set  "  to  live  with 
one  domestic  on  an  income  of  "  16«.  5|rf. 
a  day."  She  has  a  great  friend  whom 
she  calls  "  Ideal,"  and  whose  love,  flowing 
out  impartially  to  humanity,  must  not 
be  claimed  by  any  particular  person. 
"  Ideal  "  withdraws  from  her  after  sending 
her  a  dream  and  appearing  before  her  in 
her  astral  body.  The  dream  depicts  a 
girl  sentenced  to  death  by  the  verdict 
of  an  unrefined  male  jury,  and  prophesies 
the  appointment  of  female  judges.  Though 
the  author's  imagination  is  strong  enough 
to  handle  ideas,  she  does  not  in  this  story 
use  them  effectively.  A  witty  address 
to  the  English  cook  and  other  passages 
show  that  Mrs.  Paget  is  not  too  fervent 
to  be  amusing. 


ECCLESIASTICAL    BIOGRAPHIES. 

The  Lives  of  the  British  Saints.  By  S. 
Baring-Gould  and  John  Fisher.  Vol.  I.  (C.  J. 
Clark.) — Mr.  Baring-Gould  has  long  borne 
a  well-deserved  reputation  as  a  distinguished 
hagiologist.  He  has  now,  in  conjunction 
with  Mr.  John  Fisher,  begun  a  work,  to  be 
completed  in  four  volumes,  on  the  lives  of 
the  saints  of  Wales  and  Cornwall,  and 
such  Irish  saints  as  have  dedications  in 
Britain.  It  should  be  understood  that  this 
work  is  new,  and  entirely  distinct  from  the 
several  volumes  of  '  The  Lives  of  the  Saints  ' 
issued  by  Mr.  Baring-Gould  in  1872-7.  It 
is  published  on  the  initiative  and  under 
the  auspices  of  the  Honourable  Society  of 
Cymmrodorion.  The  work  is  arranged 
alphabetically,  and  the  first  volume  carries 
us  as  far  as  St.  Byrnack.  It  is  admirably 
printed,  and  contains  a  few  choice  illustra- 
tions. The  crowned  figure  of  St.  Brychan 
with  a  lapful  of  children  is  a  delightful 
example  of  fifteenth-century  glass  from  the 
church  of  St.  Neot,  Cornwall.  This  volume 
is  fortified  by  a  thoroughly  useful  and 
original  introduction,  dealing  with  the 
Welsh  and  Cornish  calendars  and  the 
genealogies  of  the  Welsh  saints.  The  various 
maps  of  the  monastic  foundations  of  Wales, 
of  the  Irish  settlements  in  Brittany,  of  the 
Cornish  dedications,  and  of  the  churches 
of  the  companions  of  St.  Achebran,  all  bear 
witness  to  the  painstaking  labours  of  the 
authors.  We  hope  to  give  a  longer  notice 
of  this  work,  so  excellently  begun,  as  it 
approaches  completion. 

Studies  in  the  Lives  of  the  Saints.  By 
Edward  Hutton.  (Constable  &  Co.) — Mr. 
Hutton  should  have  given  these  sketches 
a  loss  ambitious  title.  Such  brief,  shadowy 
impressions  aro  scarcely  deserving  of  a  name 
so  suggestive  of  prolonged  inquiry  and 
reflection  as  '  Studies.'  Tho  book  presents  a 
curious  medley  of  merits  and  defects.  Mr. 
Hutton  can  draw  a  beautiful  vignette 
portrait,  like  that  here  given  of  St.  Catherine 
Adorni;  hut  his  handlingnf  t ho  greater  figures 
—  Augustine  or  Terasa  —  is  inadequate. 
He  has  not  yet  learnt  tho  unwisdom  of 
exaggeration,  nor  taught  himself  to  refrain 
from  sacrificing  tho  truth  ft!  fWnas  to  tho 


fascinations  of  a  phrase.  So  St.  Teresa 
and  St.  John  of  the  Cross  are  coupled 
with  the  result  that  the  former  becomes  a 
"  mystical  scientist  "  of  little  feeling  ;  and 
the  '  Confessions '  of  St.  Augustine  are 
likened  to  a  "  pressed  narcissus "  in  com- 
parison with  the  "  living  flower "  of  the 
'  Meditations  of  Marcus  Aurelius.'  Close 
upon  passages  which  show  considerable 
beauty  of  style  we  come  upon  a  verbal 
tangle  like  the  following  : — 

"So  that  should  one  desire  the  freedom  of 
thought,  that  appears  to  be  so  detestable  in  that 
liberty  to  decide  for  oneself  questions  that  after 
all  the  whole  world  has  many  times  given  up  in 
despair,  it  will  be  found,  if  one  will  but  listen  a 
little  to  him,  that  thought  is  really  impossible 
amid  a  thousand  different  opinions  shouted  by 
as  many  multitudes." 

Innocent  the  Great.  By  C.  H.  C.  Pirie- 
Gordon.  (Longmans  &  Co.) — This  is  a  por- 
tentous work  eked  out  with  appendixes,  but  of 
little  real  value.  Mr.  Pirie-Gordon's  notions 
of  fitness  may  be  gauged  from  the  fact  that 
he  quotes  Mr.  Rolfe's  '  Hadrian  the  Seventh,' 
as  though  its  dicta  were  of  importance ; 
his  system  of  ethics  from  his  approval  of  the 
Albigensian  crusade,  and  (we  may  suppose) 
of  the  Inquisition  and  all  that  it  implied  ; 
and  his  stylo  from  such  phrases  as  the  fol- 
lowing : — 

"It  maybe  that  the  Pope  considered  it  detri- 
mental to  the  moral  as  well  as  to  the  feudal  interests 
of  the  Church  to  allow  King  John  to  be  hustled  or 
hullaballoed  [sic]  by  his  subjects." 

' '  The  Lord  Innocent's  predecessors  had  had  to 
cope  with  the  blustering  of  truculent  or  cringing 
Qesars,  the  indignatiunculce  of  mulierose  kings, 
the  trade-unionism  of  barons,  the  venality  of 
bishops,  and  the  riots  of  the  Romans. " 
Innocent  III.  was  a  great  statesman  and  a 
great  Pope,  although  he  was  certainly  not  a 
saint.  But  he  deserved  a  better  biography 
than  this  effort  in  a  "precious"  aesthetic 
style.  For  ourselves,  we  think  more  may 
be  learnt  from  the  soberer  person  whom  Mr. 
Gordon  does  not  consider  up  to  his  standard, 
"  the  obsolescent  Gregorovius." 

The  Life  and  Times  of  Nicholas  Ferrar. 
By  H.  B.  K.  Skipton.  (Mowbray  &  Co.) 
— This  is  one  of  that  class  of  little  books 
which  the  public  appears  to  love,  if  we  may 
judge  by  the  numbers  that  are  issued.  It 
contains  a  sketch  of  the  Little  Gidding 
community,  which  will  be  found  useful  by 
the  average  uninstructed  reader,  and  is 
adorned  with  some  pleasant  photographs. 
The  writing  is  poor  and  partisan.  The 
Puritans  were  doubtless  intolerant,  and  not 
always  too  scrupulous  in  their  methods ; 
but  the  violence  of  language  with  which 
Mr.  Skipton  treats  them  provokes  nothing 
but  irritation.  As  an  account  of  the  first 
attempt  since  the  Reformation  to  revive  a 
religious  community  in  the  Church  of  Eng- 
land, it  is  likely  to  be  useful  to  tho  class  of 
readers  for  whom  it  is  intended. 

Laud.  By  W.  L.  Mackintosh.  (Masters 
&  Co.) — The  production  of  small  books  on 
Laud  seems  endless.  The  present  is  neither 
better  nor  worse  than  many  of  its  pre- 
decessors. We  suppose  it  is  written  for 
the  beginner,  for  the  writer  makes  no 
attempt  to  add  to  our  knowledge.  The 
book  is  in  our  opinion  suporior  to  tho  first 
of  the  series  on  Richard  Hooker  ;  but  it 
is  not  a  valuable  survoy  of  tho  man  or  the 
period.  Thero  is  little,  if  any,  mention  of 
S.  R.  Gardiner's  work,  and  a  great  deal 
too  much  quotation  of  other  and  loss 
important  books.  Tho  writer  is  a  Canon 
Residentiary  of  a  Scotch  cathodral,  and 
might  have  attempted  something  more  solid 

than  this  meagre  rechauffe  of  well-known 
facts.  The  standpoint  is  frankly  partisan, 
and  the  account  of  Laud's  Scotch  policy 
loaves  much  to  bo  dosired 


Mrs.  Aubrey  Richardson  has  composed  a 
very  readable,  if  rather  discursive,  survey 
of  an  interesting  side  of  ecclesiastical  history 
in  her  Women  of  the  Church  of  England 
(Chapman  &  Hall).  She  is  at  home  with 
the  learned  ladies,  such  as  Katharine  Parr, 
who  had  no  small  share  in  planting  the 
doctrines  of  the  Reformation,  and  duly 
quotes  Ben  Jonson's  magnificent  lines  to 
Lucy,  Countess  of  Bedford,  and  Donne's 
happy  eulogy  of  Lady  Magdalen  Herbert, 
the  mother  of  George  Herbert.  A  pathetic 
figure  in  the  Restoration  Court,  though  not 
of  it,  was  the  wife  of  Godolphin,  who  after 
playing  by  royal  command  the  part  of 
Diana,  Goddess  of  Chastity,  in  the  masque 
'  Calista,'  declared  to  Evelyn :  "  Never 
will  I  come  within  this  temptation  more 
whilst  I  breathe."  After  the  Revolution  of 
1688  Mrs.  Richardson  selects  the  sisters 
Queen  Mary  and  Queen  Anne  as  typical 
Churchwomen,  and  they  were  both,  no  doubt, 
sincerely  attached  to  their  religion.  We  are 
also  reminded  that  Mrs.  Chapone  and  others 
of  the  bluestockings  had  markedly  pious 
proclivities.  Theology,  rather  than  lite- 
rature, appears  to  be  Mrs.  Richardson's 
strong  point  ;  her  remarks  on  Jane  Austen 
are  somewhat  trivial;  and  while  Mrs.  Norton 
appears  incongruously  in  a  book  of  this 
kind,  the  name  of  the  late  Mrs.  Marshall 
is  omitted.  The  death  of  Christina  Rossetti 
is  wrongly  given  as  having  occurred  in  1876, 
instead  of  1892.  Mrs.  Richardson  writes 
with  knowledge  about  feminine  influences  on 
recent  ecclesiastical  developments,  and  if 
her  eulogies  of  living  people  are  rather 
cloying,  her  evident  sincerity  makes  amends. 


OUR    LIBRARY   TABLE. 

The  Complete  Mountaineer.  By  George 
D.  Abraham.  (Methuen.) — Mr.  Abraham's 
large  volume  of  nearly  500  pages  comes 
out  with  a  certain  appositeness.  The 
Alpine  Club  recently  celebrated  its 
first  jubilee,  and  the  mountaineer  of  the 
old  school  no  doubt  has  compared  notes 
with  the  climber  of  the  present  day,  and 
inquired  of  him  how  he  has  kept  the  sound 
tradition  handed  down  to  him.  Judging 
from  Mr.  Abraham's  book,  the  elder  will  have 
heard  a  good  deal  that  puzzled  him,  if  he 
has  not  kept  abreast  of  recent  developments. 
He  will  hear  of  "  problems,"  "  experts," 
and  "  form  "  ;  of  circuitous  and  dangerous 
routes  chosen  in  preference  to  the  more 
straightforward  and  safer;  of  rules  based 
upon  caution  and  experience,  nominally, 
indeed,  assented  to,  but  disregarded  in 
practice.  He  will  have  heard  much  about 
peaks,  little  about  passes,  unless  as  routes 
for  getting  from  ono  scrambling-ground  to 
another.  Nor  will  he  have  found  much 
appreciation  of  the  delights  of  the  lower 
regions,  the  flower-studded  moadows,  the 
forests,  the  high  pastures  ;  oven  tho  rippling 
music  of  tho  cow-bells,  most  "  anamnestic" 
of  all  sounds  to  the  true  mountain-lover, 
is  spoken  of  as  "  harsh."  The  modern 
climbor,  whenever  it  is  possible— and  more 
such  possibilities  are  provided  every  year — 
is  whisked  past  theso  in  a  train,  and  landed 
as  near  as  may  bo  to  the  confines  of  tho 
ico  and  snow,  as  often  as  not  in  the  vicinity 
of  a  luxurious  hotel.  The  passion  of  tho 
few,  it  has  been  said,  has  become  the  fashion 
of  tho  many. 

However,  if  mountaineering  has  to  take 
its  place  in  the  "Qanplete"  Series  beside 

golf,     motoring,     and     KUgby     football,     we 

do    not    knOW    that    a    better  exponent  of  it 

than   Mr.   Abraham  could    have  been  found. 
There   is   little  or   nothing   in   his  book   that 

was  not  already  familiar  to  people  aoquaio  ted 
with   Upine  literature ;   but  some  may  find 


352 


T  II  E    AT  II  KNvEUM 


No.  U95,  March  21,  1908 


it  convenient  t,.  have  th<«  ..id  thing!  r< 
capitulated.  It  may  i>«>  Mud  that  m  tli<. 
writers  of  fiftj  yean  ago.  Ball,  BinohlifiF, 
Wiiu.Tvnilnll  "  even,  in  lusown  ironical  way, 
i..  lie  Stephen  gave  us  the  poetry  of 
inoantaineering,    so    Mr.     Abraham    gives 

us  it-  proea  Hi^  stylo  is  of  the  journalistic 
order,  in  which  b  cow  is  called  "a  bovine 
Quadruped,"    and    BO    forth.      The   "greased 

pole"  aspect  of  ■  mountain  was  never  so 

remorselessly  set  forth.     However,  it  is   no 

use  lamenting.  The  old  school  had  their 
good  time,  wandering  far  and  wide,  uncertain 
where  they  were  going  to  sloop,  changing 
bods  every  night,  and  shirts  (if  the  post 
served  them  faithfully)  once  a  fortnight, 
descending  from  unknown  passes  into  valleys 
where  no  stranger  had  before  been  seen. 
Now  we  stay  out  our  holiday  in  somo  well- 
appointed  hotel,  and  time  our  expeditions 
so  as  to  be  back  in  time  to  dress  for  tho 
table  d'hoto.  Such  is  modern  mountaineer- 
ing, and  Mr.  Abraham  is  its  last  and  com- 
pletest  prophet. 

There  are,  as  in  most  books  of  the  kind, 
many  hints  and  rules  for  climbers,  mostly 
useful  enough.  Every  old  hand,  however, 
has  his  own  fancies,  and  will  think  that 
any  other  man's  can  be  now  and  then 
bettered.  Thus,  touching  the  rucksack  (spelt, 
as  usual  by  English  writers,  with  a  needless 
w,  even  as  chalet  with  an  d),  we  should  say 
that  the  English-made  article  is  much  too 
heavy,  and  that  mackintosh  lining  is  better 
replaced  by  a  mackintosh  bag,  made  like 
the  old  knapsack,  but  without  straps.  This 
keeps  the  things  in  better  order,  slips  easily 
into  the  rucksack,  and  if  fitted  with  a 
handle  forms  a  useful  handbag  in  the  train. 
There  is  no  earthly  reason  why  "  liquid 
refreshment "  need  be  eschewed  in  the 
Alps.  Of  course  alcohol  in  the  mildest  form 
is  better  avoided,  at  any  rate  during  the 
ascent :  and  as  Mr.  Abraham  puts  it,  the 
"transit"  of  it  is  troublesome.  But  since 
the  body  is  parting  with  fluid  at  an  in- 
credible rate  there  can  be  no  harm  in 
supplying  the  loss  with  the  splendid  water, 
which  fortunately  is  not  rare.  Only  the 
drinker  should  be  careful  to  take  in  with  it 
a  morsel  of  solid  food,  or  the  stomach  may 
feel  itself  cheated,  and  resont  it.  It  is  news 
to  us  that  for  the  ascent  of  the  "  Broad 
Stand "  on  Scawfell  a  rope  is  now  con- 
sidered necessary.  The  present  writer  has 
ascended  it  many  times  in  "  rathe  and  riper 
years  " — glad  of  a  friendly  hand  in  the  latter, 
but  in  undergraduate  days  one  would  as 
soon  have  thought  of  a  rope-ladder  as  of  a 
rope.  From  Scawfell  to  the  Pillar  Rock 
is  not  a  far  cry  ;  and  for  the  sake  of  accuracy 
it  may  be  mentioned  that  the  real  leader  of 
the  party  who  first  ascended  that  pinnacle 
by  the  "  Slab-and-crack  "  or  "  easy"  route 
was  Mr.  E.  T.  Leeke,  the  present  Sub- 
Dean  of  Lincoln. 

Mr.  Abraham  can  tell  a  good  story  now 
and  then.  The  most  delightful  is  that  of 
the  young  guide  who,  having  been  sent  by 
an  employer  to  practise  rock-climbing  and 
learn  English  in  Cumberland,  surprised  a 
slipping  Herr  in  tho  following  season  with 
the  shout,  "  Whar 's  ta  gaun  ?  Hod  teet  t' 
raape,  thou  chump-head." 

We  must  not  omit  to  mention  the  photo- 
graphs with  which  the  book  is  copiously 
adorned,  and  which  are  the  most  beautiful 
we  remember  to  have  seen  in  any  work  of 
the  kind.  But  surely  tho  glissade  (facing 
p.  91)  cannot  be  taken  as  an  example  of 
"  form." 

Messrs.  Blackwood  &  Sons  publish  A 
Century  of  Political  Development,  by  Mr. 
Hector  Macpherson,  a  well-known  Scotch 
journalist.  The  last  two  chapters  appear 
to     be     new,     the     others     being     repub- 


lished iroin  the  Edinburgh  Evening  Newt, 
it    is  tl  ;    chapters  which  rem  tain  a 

good  deal  <>i  doubtful  doctrine,  the  rest  of 
the  volume  being  on  ordinarily  sooepted 
historical    lines.      Roue  sau,     the     French 

Revolution,    Jiurko   and    tho    Reaction,   Tom 

Paine,  and  Godwin  lead  in  the  usual  fashion 
to  Bontham,  the  Utilitarians,  the  Philo- 
sophic Radicals,  and  the  Manchester  School. 
Thence  wo  are  takon  on  to  Socialism,  in  the 
manner  common  to  many  works  appearing 
at  tho  moment  on  the  history  of  the  Socialistic 
movoment  in  this  country.  A  point  of 
interest  relates  to  J.  S.  Mill.  Tho  author 
rightly  thinks  that  at  one  time  Mill's  early 
beliefs  had  "  wanod."  Quoting  from  himsolf, 
he  admirably  explains  the  truthful  chivalry 
that  led  Mill  to  accept  light  from  the  younger 
men  who  differed  from  him  in  temporament 
and  in  training.  It  is  also  true  that  Mill 
"  never  emancipated  himself  completely " 
from  his  earlier  opinions,  although  he  foresaw 
much  that  was  to  follow  after  his  own  death. 
It  is,  however,  the  case,  as  is  not  here  set 
forth,  that  Mill  distinctly  promulgated 
in  the  last  years  of  his  life  new  views  on  the 
Land  Question,  for  which  he  worked  actively. 
He  also  became  an  advocate  for  the  principle 
of  "  Free  Schools,"  in  which  he  was 
opposed  to  all  his  earlier  friends  and  many 
of  his  disciples.  In  the  last  chapters  Mr. 
Macpherson  gives  too  much  countenance 
for  a  philosophic  historian  to  that  form  of 
united  empire  which  is  known  as  Imperial 
Federation,  and  writes  of  the  latest  Colonial 
Conference  as  though  it  had  announced 
a  new  departure,  in  a  direction  towards 
an  end  hindered,  in  fact,  by  its  deliberations. 
The  Indian  problem  and  the  Australian  view 
cannot  be  ignored,  and  must  be  faced  by  those 
who  write  upon  this  difficult  subject. 

Venice. — Part  I.  The  Middle  Ages.  2  vols. 
Part  II.  The  Golden  Age.  2  vols.  By 
Pompeo  Molmenti.  Translated  by  H.  F. 
Brown.  (Murray. )— All  students  of  the 
history  of  Venice  are  familiar  with  the  work 
of  Molmenti  and  the  band  of  scholars 
gathered  round  him,  and  our  satisfaction 
at  seeing  this  monumental  work  in  an  English 
dress  is  only  tempered  by  regret  that  it 
prevents  Mr.  Brown  from  writing  a  work 
of  the  same  character,  a  task  for  which 
he  is  even  better  fitted  than  Prof.  Molmenti. 
The  work  is  well  printed  and  sumptuously 
produced  ;  it  contains  nearly  all  the  illustra- 
tions found  in  the  Italian,  rearranged  in 
an  order  which  gives  some  trouble  to  those 
who  have  used  the  original,  but  is  other- 
wise of  no  great  importance.  We  heartily 
recommend  it  as  a  well-illustrated  encyclo- 
paedia of  Venetian  life  in  all  its  aspects, 
picturesque  and  homely.  No  pains  have 
been  spared  in  getting  together  reproductions 
of  pictures,  maps,  diagrams,  and  figures 
of  even  the  slightest  objects  of  everyday 
life  in  Venice.  We  have,  however,  a  serious 
complaint  to  make.  If  we  did  not  know 
from  the  title-page  that  the  rendering  was 
Mr.  Brown's,  we  should  have  been  driven 
by  the  strongest  internal  evidence  to  con- 
clude that  the  translator  was  imperfectly 
acquainted  with  the  old  Venotian  dialect, 
whole  pages  of  tho  most  interesting  matter 
being  printed  as  they  appear  in  the  original, 
untranslated  ;  that  he  was  deficiont  in  goneral 
culture — he  talks  of  the  "  ovens "  of  the 
alchemists  ;  that  he  was  ignorant  not  only 
of  the  familiar  English  forms  of  foreign 
namos,  such  as  Raymond  Lully,  but  even  of 
English  ones,  and  of  elementary  facts  of 
English  history — e.g.,  ho  fails  to  correct 
the  statement  that  the  coronation  of 
Henry  III.  of  England  took  place  in  1483. 
It  is  to  be  regretted  that  careless  work  of 
this  kind  should  mar  an  excellent  and  praise- 
worthy enterprise,  and  we  suggest  to  Mr. 


Brown  the  advisability  of  printing  with 
part  ni-  fin  appendix  giving  the  translation 

of  the  chief  passages  left  in  the  original 
dialect,  unless,  at  wo  fear,  it  would  neces- 
sitate an  extra  volume. 

A  Roll  of  Honour.  By  W.  Carew  Hazlitt. 
(Bernard    Quaritch.) — It    is    with    peculiar 

goodwill  that  wo  welcome  this  volutin-  from 
Mr.  Hazlitt,  as  it  is  in  some  measure  the 
realization  of  a  wish  which  booklo-. 
and  genealogists  have  often  expressed — 
tho  cataloguing  of  past  owners  of  book-. 
Wo  have  now  a  list  of  about  17,0<X)  collectors 
of  books  and  manuscripts  at  various  peri 
between  the  fourteenth  and  the  nineteenth 
centuries,  and  with  this  as  a  basis  the 
collector  will  bo  able,  without  unnecessary 
trouble,  to  compile  his  catalogue  of  former 
owners,  and  to  add  any  details  of  place  and 
date  that  his  books  may  furnish.  It  would 
be  easy,  no  doubt,  to  improve  tins  volume 
from  public  sources — the  lists  of  former 
owners  of  manuscripts  in  the  British  Museum 
and  other  public  libraries  do  not  seem  to 
have  been  incorporated,  or  even  looked  at  t 
but  in  a  piece  of  pioneer  work  the  wise 
critic  will  regard  what  has  been  done,  and 
not  what  might  have  been.  Mr.  Hazlitt' s 
Preface  is  an  admirable  exposition  of  the 
aims  with  which  he  imdertook  the  task  of 
drawing  up  the  '  Roll  of  Honour  '  of  English 
book-collecting  ;  and  if  librarians  and  book- 
buyers  will  go  on  with  the  work  he  has  so 
well  begun,  an  enormous  amount  of  valuable 
biographical,  topographical,  and  genea- 
logical material,  now  altogether  neglected, 
will  be  made  available  for  future  generations 
of  students. 

Toledo.  By  Albert  F.  Calvert.  (Lane.) 
— The  chapter  on  El  Greco,  in  which  Mr. 
Calvert  has  had  the  advantage  of  a  col- 
laborator, is  the  most  readable  part  of 
this  volume.  The  rest  of  the  text  is 
burdened  with  details  which  will  seem 
excessive  to  the  average  reader,  and  many 
of  which  will  be  found  inaccurate  by  scholars. 
Though  the  compiler  is  evidently  unaware 
of  the  fact,  his  version  of  the  legends 
connected  with  Roderick  is  based  upon 
Pedro  del  Corral's  '  Cronica  del  rev  Don 
Rodrigo  con  la  destruycion  do  Espana,' 
a  work  which  Fernan  Perez  de  Guzman 
bluntly  describes  as  a  "  trufa  6  mentira 
paladina."  It  follows  that  Mr.  Calvert's 
account  of  the  Roderick  episode  is  wholly 
uncritical.  With  the  exception  of  Dozy, 
his  authorities  are  antiquated,  no  reference 
being  made  to  Senor  Codera,  nor  to  Senor 
D.  Juan  Menendez  Pidal's  important  mono- 
graph, the  '  Leyendas  del  ultimo  rey  godo.' 
Senor  Codera  is  of  opinion  that  the  so-called 
Julian  wras  a  Berber  chief,  and  that  his 
real  name  was  neither  Julian  nor  Ulan 
(p.  24),  but  Olban.  Dozy's  theory  that 
La  Cava's  father  was  Governor  of  Ceuta 
(p.  27)  depends  solely  on  the  capricious 
substitution  of  "  exarci "  for  "  exorti " 
in  the  chronicle  commonly  ascribed  to 
Isidore  of  Beja  (who  is  confused  on  p.  12 
with  St.  Isidore  of  Seville).  Florinda  (pp.  24 
and  25)  was  not  brought  on  the  scene  till 
1580,  when  Miguel  de  Lima  gave  tliis  as 
the  authentic  name  of  La  Cava  in  his 
forged  '  Cronica  de  Abentarique.'  It  is 
not  a  happy  idea  that  the  story  of  Favila 
and  Doiia  Luz  may  have  been  invented 
to  retaliate  on  Egica  for  exiling  the  Arch- 
bishop of  Toledo  (p.  21)  :  the  tale  was  con- 
cocted seven  centuries  later  by  the  festive 
Corral.  Nor  can  we  accept  the  statement 
(p.  94)  that  Villena's  library  was  "  burnt 
by  order  of  the  Inquisition."  In  the  first 
place,  Lope  Barrientos,  Bishop  of  Avila 
and  afterwards  of  Cuenca,  categorically 
declares  in  '  De  las  especies  de  adivinanza  ' 
that  he  burnt  Villena's  books  by  the  express 


No.  4195,  March  21,  1908 


THE    ATHENAEUM 


353 


order  of  John  II.  ;  nd,  in  the  second  place, 
Villena  died  long  before  the  Inquisition  was 
founded.  The  compiler  goes  out  of  his  way 
to  suggest  that  the  church  of  Santa  Maria 
la  Blanca  "  should  have  been  renamed 
San  Vicente  del  Sangre"  (p.  79).  One  in- 
superable objection  to  this  proposal  is  that 
"  sangre "  is  a  noun  of  feminine  gender. 
But  the  suggestion  was  well  worth  making, 
for  it  gives  the  measure  of  Mr.  Calvert's 
acquaintance  with  Spanish  and  matters 
relating  to  Spain.  Such  expressions  as  "  the 
first  efforts  of  the  Castilian  Kings  was " 
(p.  83)  seem  to  indicate  also  an  imperfect 
knowledge  of  English. 

Festschrift  zur  49tcn  Versammlung  deutscher 
Philologen,  &c.,  1907.  (Leipsic,  Carl  Beck.) 
— This  collection  of  twenty-two  papers 
read  at  the  yearly  Congress  of  Schoolmen 
(which  met  at  Basle  in  1907)  affords  a  various 
assortment  of  learning,  but  not,  we  think, 
any  specially  outstanding  work.  The  topics 
discussed  are  almost  all  of  interest  only 
to  specialists,  as  of  course  might  fairly 
be  expected  ;  but  these  are  often  such 
as  are  rot  wanting  in  general  interest  also. 
We  cannot  say  that  this  is  the  case  in  the 
present  volume.  There  is,  for  example,  a 
set  of  extracts  from  an  unpublished  account 
of  a  journey  to  London,  Oxford,  and  Cam- 
bridge in  1669  by  one  Fasch,  a  young 
student  from  Basle.  He  was  present  at 
the  first  ceremony  in  the  new  Sheldonian 
Theatre,  and  the  prominent  Dons  were  very 
land  to  him.  But  he  tells  us  nothing  new, 
and  his  editor  adduces  parallel  passages  from 
Evelyn  and  Pepys  only  to  show  that  they 
in  general  agree  with  his  observations.  There 
is  an  elaborate  discussion  of  the  official  parts 
or  divisions  of  a  Greek  tragedy,  which  does 
not  help  us  to  understand  the  plays  bettor. 
There  is  another  long  essay  on  the  thread- 
bare controversy  as  to  the  date  and  scope 
of  Plato's  '  Republic'  There  are  learned 
essays  on  old  English,  and  old  French 
poetry  ;  and  there  is  a  spirited  defence  of  the 
teaching  of  pure  mathematics  in  schools 
against  the  advocates  of  modern  science. 

We  mention  but  a  few  of  the  essays  by 
various  hands.  The  paper  which  has  in- 
terested us  most  is  M.  Rossat's  '  La  Poesie 
religieuse  patoisedans  le  Jura  bernois  catho- 
lique.'  The  author  justly  observes  that  this 
popular  poetry  supplies  many  indications 
of  manners  and  customs,  and  still  more  of  the 
mental  condition  of  the  population — "  par- 
fois  naif  et  bonhomme,  souvent  finement 
obsorvatour,  toujours  malin  et  gouailleur." 
M.  Rossat  gives  us  not  only  the  difficult 
patois,  but  also  a  good  French  version  beside 
it,  and  many  of  the  tunes  to  which  these 
poems  aro  sung.  The  tunes  do  not  impress 
us  much.  If  the  ballads  or  carols  are  indeed 
very  ancient,  as  he  tells  us,  the  music  has 
to  us  no  antique  flavour.  The  real  interest 
lies  in  the  naivo  and  picturesque  familiarity 
of  the  poets  with  the  Holy  Family  in  their 
Christmas  and  Epiphany  ballads,  for  hymns 
we  cannot  call  them.  Thus  the  terror  of 
the  Divine  infant  at  the  appearance  of  the 
negro  among  the  "  Three  Kings "  from 
tlio  East  is  natural,  but  grotesque.  We  aro 
given  several  varying  versions  of  these 
popular  songs,  and  learned  notos  on  the 
dialect — altogether  a  most  interesting  study. 
It  may  be  our  own  fault  that  we  have  not 
found  other  special  researches  in  the  volume 
so  attractive.  The  whole  is  on  a  very 
high  level  of  scholarship,  and  wo  doubt  if 
a  similar  gathering  in  England  would  bo  able 
to  show  such  an  intolloctual  standard.  But 
Germans  are  Germans. 

We  welcomo  a  new  odition  of  ZdUhunt  . 
a  Journal  kept  in  the  Country,  by  John 
Halsham  (Smith  &  Eldor),  to  whoso  moro 
recent  volume  on  tho  samo  lines,  '  Lonnwood 


Corner,'  we  devoted  a  long  notice.  '  Idle- 
hurst  '  has  a  new  and  interesting  Preface, 
and  should  win  with  the  public  the  reputa- 
tion it  has  long  had  with  the  discerning. 
It  is  a  charming  study  of  one  of  the  most 
unspoilt  rural  districts  in  England. 

In  The  Human  Boy  Again  (Chapman 
&  Hall)  Mr.  Eden  Phi'llpotts  has  resumed 
a  series  of  school  stories  which  is  justly 
popular.  Tho  extraordinary  freaks  and 
scrapes  into  which  tho  small  boy  is  led  by 
his  code  of  honour  and  wild  ingenuity  are 
exhibited  with  easy  humour,  though  the 
Head  Master's  Johnsonian  style  seems 
distinctly  overdone.  The  modern  peda- 
gogue is  much  briefer,  and  more  sensible, 
perhaps,  of  the  sort  of  language  which 
appeals  to  boys. 

Messes.  Chapman  &  Hale  and  Mr. 
Henry  Frowde  are  the  joint  publishers 
of  yet  another  issue  of  Dickens — the  "  Eigh- 
teenpenny  Illustrated  " — in  which  they  send 
us  Pickwick  and  Barnaby  Budge.  The  books 
are  neatly  bound  in  blue  cloth,  and  contain 
all  copyright  matter,  and  reproductions 
of  the  original  illustrations.  They  are 
similar  in  type  to  tho  "  Oxford  India  Paper 
Edition,"  that  is  to  say,  a  great  improvement 
on  the  cheap  issues  of  twenty  years  or  so 
back,  in  which  the  print  was  a  trial  to  the 
eyes. 

'  Mr.  Heinemann  has  added  to  his 
"  Favourite  Classics "  four  volumes  of 
Macaulay's  Selected  Essays,  which  are  cap- 
ably introduced  by  Mr.  H.  W.  C.  Davis. 
The  little  books  are  decidedly  attractive 
and  tasteful  in  appearance,  though  they  are 
very  cheap. 

The  Handy  Newspaper  List,  published 
by  Messrs.  Charles  &  Edwin  Layton,  is 
concise  and  accurate,  and  shows  care  in 
its  compilation  ;  but  in  some  cases  the 
descriptions  require  extending,  in  order  to 
indicate  the  scope  of  the  paper  mentioned. 
For  instance,  '  Reviews '  does  not  suffi- 
ciently describe  The  Saturday  Beview,  The 
Spectator,  Notes  and  Queries,  and  The 
Athenceum.  Of  course  it  is  a  question  of 
space,  but  a  slight  increase  of  matter 
would  greatly  add  to  the  value  of  this 
cheap  compendium. 

Two  important  book  catalogues  have 
reached  us  from  Germany.  Messrs.  Joseph 
Baer  &  Co.  of  Frankfort  issue  the  third 
part  of  their  extensive  catalogue  of  Livres 
du  XV Ic  Siecle  illustres  par  des  Artistes 
francais,  italiens,  fiamands,  hollandais,  et 
espagnols,  which  extends  from  No.  1459 
to  No.  1956,  and  comprises  most  elaborate 
indexes:  (1)  places  of  printing,  (2)  artists' 
names,  and  (3)  titles.  This  catalogue, 
it  may  be  mentioned,  is  No.  500,  and  cele- 
brates the  120th  anniversary  of  the  firm. 
It  is  compiled  with  great  care  and  biblio- 
graphical knowledge,  and  the  tliree  parts, 
when  bound  together,  will  constitute  a 
valuable  book  of  reference.  Some  of  the 
editions  are  unrecorded  by  Brunet  and 
other  bibliographers,  and  the  collations  of 
these  authors  are  occasionally  corrected 
and  amplified.  There  are  several  fine 
specimens  from  Geoffrey  Tory's  press,  and 
an  exceptionally  long  and  important  series 
of  beautiful  Italian  illustrated  books  of  tho 
sixteenth  century.  The  few  early  printed 
Spanish  books  includo  a  perfect  copy  of 
Lopoz  de  Gomara,  '  Cronica  do  la  Nuoua 
Espana  con  la  conquista  do  Moxico.'  printed 
at  Saragossa  in  1554-5,  a  most  important 
chronicle  on  the  discovery  of  America,  and 
especially  on  the  conquest  by  Ferdinand 
Cortes,  not  mentioned  by  Salva  and  Loclorc. 
The  catalogue  is  lavishly  illustrated  with 
facsimiles  of  title-pages  and  colophons. 

The   second   catalogue   is   issued   by   Mr. 


Paul  Gottschalk  of  Berlin,  and  is  entirely 
in  English,  which  would  have  been  improved 
by  a  little  revision  at  the  hands  of  an 
Englishman.  It  comprises  three  examples 
of  the  press  of  Wvnkyn  de  Worde — St. 
Jerome,  *  Vitse  Patrum,'  1495  ;  '  The 
Chronicle  of  England,'  1497  ;  and  the 
'  Ordinary  of  Chrysten  Men,'  1506  ;  these 
were  acquired  at  Messrs.  Sotheby's  last 
spring,  and  are  recorded  in  '  Book-Prices 
Current '  under  the  respective  mimbers 
of  5724,  5522,  and  5653.  The  catalogue, 
which  is  well  provided  with  facsimiles, 
enumerates  only  138  lots;  but  all  are  more 
or  less  rare. 


NOTES    FROM    PARIS. 

It  was  at  his  own  home,  bright  with 
flowers  sent  by  friends,  that  M.  Jean  Riche- 
pin  received  me,  his  smiling  countenance 
and  low,  soft  voice  contrasting  strangely 
with  his  rugged  and  energetic  face.  Each 
minute  the  bell  rang,  announcing  the 
arrival  of  another  visitor  or  a  fresh  bou- 
quet addressed  to  the  Muse  of  the  new  Aca- 
demician. The  crowds  of  congratulating 
friends  M.  Richepin  met  with  his  usual 
geniality  and  charming  simplicity  ;  for  it 
is  by  liis  character  as  well  as  his  talent 
and  his  fabulous  adventures  that  the  poet 
of  '  La  Chanson  des  Gueux '  has  endeared 
himself  both  to  Frenchmen  and  foreigners. 
Richepin  himself  reminds  me  that  it  was  an 
American,  Mr.  Cameron,  who,  when  ho 
published  a  selection  of  Richepin' s  best 
works  for  the  students  of  Boston  three  years 
ago,  first  looked  upon  his  election  to  tho 
Academy  as  a  possible  contingency. 

Although  the  Academy  is  the  haven 
which  all  writers  hope  to  reach  after  a 
career  of  literary  struggle,  M.  Richepin 
informs  me  that  he  has  no  intention  of 
resting  on  his  laurels.  His  activity  is  great. 
He  is  preparing  his  "  scenario  "  for  M.  le 
Bargy's  cinematograph.  He  has  not  yet 
fixed  upon  a  subject,  but  he  believes  he  has- 
found  the  secret  of  this  new  form  of  dramatic 
art.  We  must,  he  says,  put  ourselves  in 
the  place  of  a  deaf  person  studying  life 
through  the  medium  of  the  eyes,  and  con- 
struct a  piece  from  that  point  of  view, 
putting  in  all  details  that  make  the  spectator, 
as  it  were,  hear  a  silent  action.  Like  M.  lo 
Bargy,  the  author  of  '  Par  le  Glaive '  thinks 
that  this  enterprise  is  destined  before  long 
to  revolutionize  the  theatre. 

At  the  same  time  M.  Richepin  is  working 
at  a  new  volume  of  poetry,  '  Les  Glas,' 
in  wliich  he  will  develope  his  philosophy 
in  a  hymn  to  the  glory  of  life.  Further,  in 
collaboration  with  Capt.  Basil  Hood,  he 
is  writing  a  piece  for  Mr.  Tree  ;  also  two 
dramas  in  verso — '  Lai's,'  which  will  be 
a  picture  of  ancient  Greek  life,  and  '  La 
Route  d'Emeraudo,'  after  the  beautiful 
novel  of  Eugeno  Demolder,  presenting  the 
Holland  of  tho  poets  and  artists  during  the 
age  of  Rembrandt.  Ho  is  also  preparing 
a  series  of  lectures  upon  the  work  of  Car- 
ducci. 

So  far,  no  other  author  in  Franco  has 
understood  tho  poetry  of  tho  sea  so  well 
as  Richepin.  The  better  to  know  and  love 
it,  ho  became  a  sailor,  and  lived  the  lite 
of  a  Bsherman  in  his  early  days.  Other 
countries  have  been  more  fertile  in  pro- 
ducing writers  who  understand  the  sea — 
for  instance,  your  admirable  .Joseph  Conrad. 
Unfortunately,  we  have  as  yet  no  transla- 
tions of  his  works  in  Franco ;  but  before 
long  the  readers  of  the  Urvur  dc  Paris  will 
be  the  first  to  road  '  The  Nigger  of  tho  Nar- 
cissus '  rendered  by  the  skilful  hand  of 
M.  Robert  d'llumieros.  Few  translators 
co-operato  so  closely  with  tho  author  whom 


354 


Til  K     A  Til  KNjEUM 


No.  4195.  March  21,  1908 


they  int.i|  i.  t  :  and  it  is  to  l>e  regret  ted 
that  many  writers  nro  too  ciiMial  m  tins 
nwttir       UN     1     say     that     Kipling     OWN 

tho  Nobel  i'n/.o  to  toe  kindly  ohanoe  which 

gave  him  translators  of  merit — unknown, 
indeed,  to  him  ? 

Bernard  Slmu  hna  not  boon  so  well  treated, 
and  there  is  littlo  prospect,  in  spito  of  tho 
admiration  that  the  French  feel  for  him, 
of  liis  plays  appearing  on  a  Parisian  stage 
so  long  as  ho  is  interpreted  by  his  present 
translator.  This  is  to  bo  doplorod,  for  foroign 
plays  meet  with  a  good  recoption  in  Paris 
at  the  prosont  time.  C.  G. 


MILTONIANA    IN    .AMERICA. 

Early  this  month  an  exhibition  of  first 
editions  and  other  memorials  of  Milton 
was  opened  at  Columbia  University,  to 
commemorate  the  tercentenary  of  the  poet's 
birth.  The  exhibition,  which  is  largely 
due  to  tho  efforts  of  Prof.  Simkhovitch, 
is  almost  as  fine  a  one  as  could  be  organized 
in  this  country.  American  collectors  have 
placed  their  treasures  at  the  disposal  of  the 
Committee  with  ungrudging  generosity, 
and  they  appear  to  have  secured  nearly 
all  the  more  precious  Miltoniana  which 
have  come  into  the  market  within  the 
last  quarter  of  a  century.  The  most 
important  of  these  is  the  MS.  of  '  Paradise 
Lost,'  Book  I.,  which  passed  from  the 
possession  of  the  first  printer  of  the  poem, 
Samuel  Simmons,  to  Jacob  Tonson,  and 
thence  to  his  collateral  descendants,  remain- 
ing in  the  same  family,  that  of  Baker  of 
Bayfordbury,  until  January  25th,  1904,  when 
it  was  offered  for  sale  at  Messrs.  Sotheby's. 
As  is  well  known,  the  reserve  (5,0001.)  placed 
on  the  MS.  was  not  reached  ;  but  soon  after 
it  was  acquired  privately,  through  Messrs. 
Sotheby,  by  the  late  George  H.  Richmond, 
the  New  York  dealer.  He  almost  imme- 
diately sold  it  to  Mr.  Pierpont  Morgan, 
who  lends  it  to  the  Milton  Exhibition  at 
Columbia  University.  Mr.  Morgan  also 
lends  Cowper's  annotated  copy  of  '  Paradise 
Lost,'  a  volume  of  which  the  provenance 
is  not  revealed. 

Milton's  copy  of  '  Lycoplironis  Alexandra,' 
Geneva,  1601 — with  his  autograph  signature, 
the  date  of  purchase  (1634),  and  the  price 
paid  (13s.)  written  on  the  fly-leaf  opposite 
the  title — was  in  Birket  Foster's  collection 
and  was  catalogued  by  Mr.  Quaritch  in  July, 
1894,  for  96Z.  ;  it  had  previously  been  in 
Lord  Charlemont's  possession.  It  contains 
about  60  marginal  critical  annotations  in 
the  poet's  autograph,  and  is  included  in 
the  five  volumes  declared  by  S.  Leigh 
Sotheby  to  have  at  one  time  formed  part 
of  Milton's  library.  This  volume  now 
belongs  to  a  New  York  collector. 

The  exhibition  seems  to  include  all  or 
nearly  all  of  Milton's  numerous  works 
in  their  various  old  editions,  besides  the 
Second  Folio  Shakespeare,  1632,  with  his 
'  Epitaph  on  the  Admirable  Dramaticke 
Poet,  W.  Shakespeare.'  Tho  copy  of 
'  A  Maske  presented  at  Ludlow  Castle, 
1634,'  &c,  (first  printed  in  1637,  and  after- 
wards known  as  '  Comus  ' ),  is  described 
as  having  wide  margins,  and  is  additionally 
interesting  from  the  fact  that  it  is  tho 
dedication  copy  to  Charles  I.  The  ex- 
ample of  '  Lycidas,'  1638,  is  noteworthy 
from  bearing  on  the  title  tho  signature  of 
Izaak  Walton  in  full.  It  is  presumably 
identical  with  tho  volume  (which  contained 
also  the  autograph  of  George  Steevens) 
in  the  Hance  Sale  of  August,  1887,  when 
it  was  purchased  by  Mr.  Quaritch  for  56/. 
The  original  MS.  is  preserved  at  Trinity 
College,  Cambridge.  There  are  throe  copies 
exhibited  of  the  original  issue  of  the  '  Poems," 


l<>4.r),    the   first   OOlleoted    edition    of   Milton's 

poems,  and  tho  (ir>t  work  with  his  name  H- 
author  ;  and  a  similar  number  of  tho  m M on. I 
issue,  with  additions,  1673. 

The  '  Paradise  Lost '  series  seems  to  in- 
cludo  all  the  issues  of  tho  first  edition.  Tho 
moro  important  of  tho  copies  with  the  first 
title-page  is  tho  very  fine  one  with  tho  Bakor 
Holroyd  ex-libris  ;  it  was  sold  in  London 
in  1903  for  102/.,  and  appeared  in  Messrs. 
Dodd,  Mead  &  Co.'s  catalogue  in  October 
of  tho  same  yoar  at  850  dollars.  It  contains 
bound  in  at  tho  end  eight  preliminary  leaves 
from  the  fourth  issue.  There  are  also  two 
copios  each  of  the  second,  third,  fourth, 
and  fifth  issues,  and  one  of  the  sixth.  There 
are  examples  of  later  editions  down  to  that 
of  tho  Doves  Press,  1904,  and  some  illus- 
trated editions,  among  which  is  tho  French 
translation  '  Le  Paradis  Perdu,'  Paris,  1792, 
with  12  plates  by  Schall  in  colours. 

Milton's  prose  works  are  well  represented 
by  first  and  other  editions,  notably  '  Pro 
Populo  Anglicano  Defensio,'  1651,  with  the 
autograph  of  "  O.  Cromwell";  the  rare 
pamphlet  '  Of  Reformation  touching  Church 
Discipline  in  England,'  1641  ;  two  copies 
of  '  Areopagitica,'  1644;  and  so  forth. 
A  good  many  books  of  interest  in  con- 
nexion with  Milton  are  also  exhibited,  among 
them  the  first  and  other  editions  of  the 
'  Eikon  Basilike,'  and  the  Royal  Proclama- 
tion of  1660  condemning  Milton's  '  Pro 
Populo  Anglicano  Defensio  '  and  the  '  Icono- 
clastes  ' — a  broadside  of  excessive  rarity. 

Altogether  the  exhibition  is  one  of  un- 
common interest  and  importance,  and  a 
scholarly  supervision  seems  to  have  been 
exercised  over  it :  the  so-called  Milton  Bible, 
for  instance,  which  created  much  discussion 
a  few  months  ago,  does  not  appear  to  figure 
in  it.  The  exhibition  at  Columbia  Univer- 
sity ought  to  be  followed  by  one  in  London 
at  the  Milton  commemoration  which  is  to  be 
held  in  December  next.  W.  R. 


'LISBON    AND    CENTRA.' 

While  I  much  appreciate  the  kind  way 
in  which  your  reviewer  criticized  my  book 
'  Lisbon  and  Cintra '  on  March  7th,  I  shall 
be  much  obliged  if  you  will  allow  me  to 
reply  to  his  comments  on  tho  two  points 
of  history  he  questions. 

King  Sebastian  set  sail  for  Africa 
June  24th,  1578.  Camoens  died  in  1579. 
He  never  recovered  from  tho  illness  that 
had  already  attacked  him  when  the  news 
of  the  defeat  in  Africa  reached  him.  His- 
torians give  many  dramatic  versions  of 
his  end  ;  but  as  the  actual  date  of  month 
and  day  of  his  death  are  absolutely  unknown, 
I  was  careful  to  add  the  words  "  so  goes  the 
story "  to  the  tradition  repeated  in  my 
book. 

Ribeiro's  heroine  is  stated  to  have  been 
the  Princess  Beatriz  by  Faria  e  Sousa,  by 
Horculano,  and  by  Almeida  Garrett,  all 
of  whom  believed  implicitly  in  the  romantic 
legend.  The  substitution  of  the  heroine's 
name  for  that  of  Joana  de  Vilhena  has  only 
recently  been  made  by  Thoophile  Braga 
in  his  book  on  the  life  of  the  poet. 

In  a  book  like  '  Lisbon  and  Cintra,'  where 
concentration  is  essential  on  account  of 
limited  spaco,  it  seemed  advisable  to  give 
in  cases  as  cited  by  the  reviewer  the  versions 
popularly  accepted  by  the  Portuguese, 
which  I  obtained  from  the  original  text. 

A.  C.  Inchbold. 


THE    BOOKSELLERS'    PROVIDENT 
INSTITUTION. 

At   the  sevonty-first   annivorsary   of   this 
Institution   last  Thursday   week  Mr.    C.    J. 


Longman,  in   moving  the  adoption  of  the 
Report,  stated  that  every  Urn 
well,    hut   pointed   out  that  as   the  numb  t 
of  memben  0ew,  bo  would  the  liabil,- 

and    that    whilo    tho    increase    to    the    fandfl 
amonnted  to  over  700/.,  ho  would  like  to 
it  rather  more.     Tho  expenditure  on  reli« -f 
showed  an  increase  of  120/.,  but  he  did  not 

regri  I  this,  for 

"  we  ore  here  to  give  relief  to  the  members  of  the 
trade  and  of  our  Institution  when  they  need  it. 
If  a  time  comes  whan  the  demands  upon  it  are  in 
excess  of  what  can  he  met,  I  do  not  doubt  that 
more  money  can  be  got.  I  should  never  hesitate 
nowadays  to  appeal  to  the  trade  at  large  for  more 
funds  if  I  really  felt  it  was  necessary." 
Mr.  Longman  referred  to  the  Retreat,  which 
is  an  allied  institution.  The  houses  are 
situated  in  charming  grounds,  and  the  Retreat 
is  amply  endowed.  A  subscription  of  only 
five  shillings  a  year  is  sufficient  to  secure 
membership,  while  for  two  guineas  a  man 
can  become  a  life  member.  Those  who  join 
the  Retreat  help  not  only  the  Retreat,  but 
also  the  Booksellers'  Provident  Institution, 
because  the  balance  of  the  fund,  which  is  at 
times  considerable,  is  handed  over  to  the 
Institution. 

Among  the  other  speakers  were  Mr. 
Richard  Bentley,  Mr.  James  Foster,  Mr. 
J.  W.  Harden,  Alderman  Keay,  Mr.  W.  A. 
Kelk,  Mr.  Cuthbert  W.  Whitaker,  Mr.  Sydney 
Gedge,  Mr.  George  Longman,  and  Mr.  J. 
Shaylor.  Mr.  F.  Macmillan  in  the  course 
of  his  remarks  referred  to  the  great  pro- 
gress the  Institution  had  made  since  Mr. 
Longman's  revised  rules  had  been  acted 
upon,  and  the  considerable  accession  of 
new  members,  although  the  number  was 
not  what  he  hoped  it  would  have  been.  A 
resolution  of  thanks  to  Mr.  Longman  for 
his  great  services  was  carried  by  acclamation. 

At  the  close  of  the  meeting  Lord  Alverstone 
delivered  an  address  in  which  he  said  : — 

"  If  I  had  not  been  a  barrister,  Attorney-General, 
and  Lord  Chief  Justice,  I  think  I  should  like  to 
have  been  a  booksellers'  assistant,  because  during 
any  spare  minutes  in  the  da}',  when  the  chance 
customer  does  not  come  in,  the  booksellers'  assistant 
has  an  opportunity  of  enjoying  the  wares  which  he 
has  there  to  dispose  of  in  the  market." 

During  the  evening    the  Papyrus  Gleemen 
and  Orchestra  gave  a  performance. 


LIST  OF   NEW  BOOKS. 
ENGLISH. 

Theology. 

Abbott-Smith  (E.),  The  Glory  of" the  King,  short  Medita- 
tions for  Easter. 

Acts  of  the  Apostles,  Book  L,  2/6  net  ;  Book  II_  -2/ net. 
With  Introduction  by  Madame  Cecilia.  Catholic 
Scripture  Manuals. 

Allan  (A.).  The  Advent  of  the  Father,  6/  net. 

Belasco  (G.  S.),  The  God  of  our  Fathers,  and  other Senuioi-. 
8/6  net. 

Beveridge  (A.  T.  Gordon),  Hold  Fast  or  Let  Go,  1/3  net. 
In  defence  of  Christianity. 

Brevissima  :  for  Busy  People,  1/  net.  Very  short  medita- 
tions for  a  year  on  the  Gospel  of  St  John,  edited  by  the 
Rev.  O.  T.  W.  Elsdale.    New  Edition. 

Brit  ton  (Rev.  R,  \\\),  Angels:  their  Nature  and  Son  ice, 
1/net 

Bullock  (Rev.  G.  F.),  The  Hymn  of  Praise  of  the  Incarna- 
tion, 1/6  net.  Considerations  on  the  Magnificat,  with 
Preface  by  G.  S.  Hollings.— The  Prodigal  Son,  1/  net 

Caine  (Rev.  C),  First  Lessons  in  Question  and  Answer 
Form  on  Confirmation. 

Churchman's  Penny  Library  :  Church  Property  and 
Revenues;  Pint  Five  Minutes  after  Death  and  the 
Future  Crown  :  Holy  Eucharist ;  Our  Church  beyond 
the  Seas  ;  Our  Private  Prayers.  M,  each. 

EgertOD  (M.),  Forgotten  Truths,  Six  allegories. 

Gilbert  (G.  H.),  Interpretation  of  the  Bible,  6/  net.  A  short 
history. 

Hall  (Bishop  A.  C.  A.),  The  Forgiveness  of  Sins,  3/6  net.  A 
course  of  sermons. 

Hard  to  be  1'nderstood,  ('•<?.  studies  in  difficult  texts, 
edited  by  the  Rev.  W.  H.  (Jiirhth  Thomas,  with  a  fore- 
word  by  the  Bishop  of  Durham. 

Hepher  (Rev.  C),  The  He\  elation  of  Love,  2/0.  A  book  of 
sermons. 

Heyford  Papers.  No.  IIL  Holy  Communion  ;  No.  IV. 
Faith,  Belief,  and  Conduct  ;  No.  V.  Confirmation— and 
Afterwards,  by  the  Rev.  A.  R.  Sharpe,  3d.  each. 

Jenkins  (W.  Owen),  The  Incarnation :  its  Place  in  St, 
Pauls  Theology,  and  the  Christian  Hope  of  Immor- 
tality, 6rf. 


No.  4195,  March  21,  1908 


THE    ATHENiEUM 


355 


Masterman  (J.  H.  B.),  The  Rights  and  Responsibilities  of 
National  Churches,  2/G  net. 

Magee  (Rev.  J.  A.  V.),  God's  Need  of  Man  and  Man's  Need 
of  God,  1/3  net. 

Moule  (Bishop),  Meditations  for  the  Church's  Year,  3/G 

Newbolt  (Canon  W.  C.  E.),  The  Sacrament  of  the  Altar,  5/. 
In  the  Oxford  Library  of  Practical  Theology. 

Pan-Anglican  Papers  :  The  Anglican  Communion  in  rela- 
tion to  other  Christian  Bodies  ;  Christian  Morality  as 
Criticized  in  the  West  and  in  the  East  ;  Equipment  of 
Missionary  Workers  ;  Methods  of  carrying  on  Mis- 
sionary Work  ;  Problems  of  Missionary  Action  ;  Reli- 
gion and  Science,  2d.  each. 

Pierson  (A.  T.),  The  Bible  and  Spiritual  Life,  5/  net. 

Robinson  (J.  Armitage),  The  Historical  Character  of 
St.  John's  Gospel,  6r7.  net.  Three  Lectures  delivered 
in  Westminster  Abbey  in  Advent,  1907. 

Ross-Lewin  (Rev.  G.  H.),  The  Witness  of  the  Diocese  of 
Durham,  6d.  An  address  given  to  the  members  of 
several  North-Country  Field  Naturalist  Societies  in 
St.  Cuthbert's,  Benfieldside,  Parish  Church  in  July, 
1901. 

S.P.C.K.  Publications  :  Hymn-book  in  Ci-Gogo,  revised  by 
the  Rev.  J.  E.  Beverley,  8rf.  ;  Portions  of  the  Book  of 
Common  Prayer  in  the  Lengua  Language,  as  spoken  by 
a  Tribe  of  Indians  of  the  Paraguayan  Chaco,  1/6  ;  A 
Manual  of  Lumasaba  Grammar,  by  the  Rev.  J.  B. 
Purvis,  3/;  Service  Book,  Hymns,  and  Occasional 
Prayers  in  Lumasaba,  lOd.  ;  St.  Mark,  with  Com- 
mentary in  Luganda,  1/0  ;  Portions  of  Prayer  Book, 
Saa,  Mala,  Solomon  Islands,  1/9 ;  Portions  of  Prayer 
Book,  Ulawa,  Solomon  Islands,  2/ ;  Reading-Book  in 
the  Yalunka  Language,  translated  and  compiled  by 
H.  Bowers,  S.  E.  Marsh,  and  M.  D.  Showers,  9d. 

Ward  (Rev.  F.  W.  Orde),  The  World's  Quest,  7/6  net. 
Aspects  of  Christian  Thought  in  the  Modern  World. 

Welch  (Rev.  E.  A.),  The  Lore  of  the  Master,  2/6.  Addresses 
on  the  teaching  of  our  Lord. 

Westminster  Lectures,  Third  Series,  3/6  net.  Edited  by 
F.  Aveling. 

Law. 

Deighton  (T.  Howard),  Stephens  (F.  W.),  and  Rosser  (F. 

Lodge),  A  Handy  Guide  for  Income-Tax  Payers,  1/  net. 

Fine  Art  and  Archaeology. 

Goodchild  (W.),  Precious  Stones,   6/  net.     With  a  chapter 

on  artificial  stones  by  R.  Dykes. 

Poetry  and  Drama. 
Bradford  (E.  E.).  Sonnets,  Songs  and  Ballads,  2/6  net. 
Field  (A.),  Lays  of  West  Africa  and  Ditties  of  the  Coast, 

1/  net. 
Fitzgerald   (Percy),    Shakespearean    Representation :     its 

Laws  and  Limits,  6/  net. 
Gerard  (W.),  A  Prologue,  and  other  Poems,  5/  net. 
Gibson  (J.  P.  S.  R.),  Shakespeare's  Use  of  the  Supernatural, 

3/6  net.    Cambridge  University  Harness  Prize  Essav, 

1907. 
Grey  (D.  E.),  Poems,  7/6  net.    With  a  prefatory  note  by 

H.  Cholmondeley-Pennell. 
Kelly  (C.  A.),  Lays  of  Hellas,  3/6  net. 
Making  of  a  Shakespeare,  9rf.     An  address  delivered,  by 

invitation  of  the  Melbourne  Shakespeare  Society,  by 

T.  G.  Tucker. 
Salford  (P.),  King  Rother. 
Tennyson,  The  Princess,  and  Maud,  4/  net.     Annotated  by 

himself.    Edited  by  the  present  Lord  Tennyson  in  the 

Eversley  Series. 
Tudor  Facsimile  Texts  :    Nice  Wanton  ;  The  Play  of  the 

Weather,  17/6  net  each. 
Tudor  Facsimile  Texts :  The  Macro  Plays.— No.  III.    The 

Castle   of   Perseverance,    quarto,    1*7/6   net ;   No.  IV. 

Respnblica,  folio,  35/  net. 

Music. 

Colles  (H.  C),  Brahms,  2/6  net.  In  the  Music  of  the 
Masters. 

Dover  Pageant  :  the  Book  of  the  Music,  1/6.  The  words 
chiefly  by  J.  Rhoades,  music  chiefly  by  H.  J.  Taylor. 

Kobbe  (Gustav),  The  Pianolist,  4/6  net.  A  guide  for 
pianola  players. 

Bibliography. 

Thomas  (N.  W.),  Bibliography  of  Anthropology  and  Folk- 
lore, 1906,  2/  net.  A  continuation  of  the  work  issued 
by  the  Folk-lore  Society  in  1906,  confined  to  works 
published  within  the  British  Empire. 

Political  Economy. 
Webb  (M.   De  P.),   India  and    the   Empire,   3/6    net.      A 

consideration  of  the  Tariff  Problem,  with  Introduction 

by  Sir  E.  F.  Law. 

History  and  Biography. 
Beers  (C.   W.),   A  Mind  that  Found  Itself,  7/6  net.    An 

autobiography    concerning    a    neurasthenic    who    was 

confined  in  a  lunatic  asylum. 
(  ody  (Rev.    H.    A.),  An    Apostle  of    the  North,   7/6  net. 

Memoir*  of  the  Right  Rev.  W.  C.  Bompas,  First  Bishop 

of  Athabasca,  with  Introduction  by  the  Archbishop  of 

Rupert's  Land. 
l-on    (L.    ('.),    Catherine    of    Braganga,     Infanta    of 

Portugal  and  Queen-Consort  of  England,  16/  net.     With 

portraits  anil  illustrations. 
Dickens  (C),  Letters  and  Speeches,  2  vols.,  10/6  net  each.    In 

the  National  Edition. 
Qasqnet  (Dr.  1'.  A.),  The  Last  Abbot  of  Glastonbury,  and 

other  Essays,  6/  net. 
Eenderson  (M.  Sturge),  Three  Centuries  in  North  Oxford- 
shire, 5/  net.    Illustrated. 
Bewison  (■>.   King),  The  Covenanters,   g  vols  ,  32/  net.     A 

history  of  the  Church  in  Scotland  from  the  Reformation 

to  the  Revolution. 
Leslie (Ber.  J.    1$.),  History  of  Kilsaran,  County  of  Louth, 

7/'!  net.     A  histOT)  of  the  parishes  of  Kilsaran,  Ccrnons- 

town,     Btabannon,    Manfleldstown,    and    Dromiskin, 

with  6  maps  and  1!  illustrations. 
Letters  from  the  Baren:  the  Correspondence  of  Lafcadio 

Id  irn  with  Henry  Watkin,  5/  net.     With   Introduction 

and  comment  by  Milton  Rronner. 
M.irnulaj's  Essays :  Chatham;  (.'live;   Frederic  the  Great  ; 

Warren  Hast  ings.     See  p. 
Memoirs  of  a  Russian  Governor  i  Prima- Serge  l>.    t'russov, 

6/.    Translated  and  edited  by  Herman  Rosenthal. 


Geography  and  Travel. 

Nicoll  (M.  J.),  Three  Voyages  of  a  Naturalist,  7/6  net.  An 
account  of  many  little-known  islands  in  three  oceans 
visited  by  the  Valhalla,  with  introduction  by  the  Earl 
of  Crawford,  and  56  plates,  4  sketch  maps,  and  text 
illustrations. 

Education. 

Pioneers  in  Education  :  Jean  Frederic  Herbart ;  Herbert 
Spencer,  both  by  G.  Compayre\  translated  by  Maria  E. 
Findlay,  2/6  net  each. 

University  of  Texas  Bulletin,  No.  88. 

Philology. 

Armbruster  (C.  H.),  Initia  Amharica  :  Part  I.,  Grammar. 
12/  net.    An  introduction  to  spoken  Amharic. 

Clark's  New  System  German  Book,  Part  I.,  3/6  net,  a 
simplified  and  rapid  system,  arranged  by  W.  R.  Boelter. 

Norwood  (G.),  The  Riddle  of  the  'Baccha?':  the  Last 
Stage  of  Euripides'  Religious  Views,  5/  net.  No.  I.  in 
the  Classical  Series  of  the  Publications  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  Manchester. 

Pearl-Strings  :  a  History  of  the  Resuliyy  Dvnasty  of 
Yemen,  by 'Aliyyu 'bnu  '1-Hasan'El-Khazreiivv.  Vol.  II. 
Translated  by  the  late  Sir  J.  W.  Redhouse'  And  edited 
by  E.  G.  Browne,  R.  A.  Nicholson,  and  A.  Rogers  for 
the  Trustees  of  the  E.  J.  W.  Gibb  Memorial.  For 
notice  of  Vol.  I.  see  Athen.,  June  15,  1907,  p  721. 

Toller  (T.  Northcote),  An  Anglo-Saxon  Dictionary  :  Supple- 
ment, Part  I.,  A— Eorp,  7/6  net.  Based  on  the  Manu- 
script collections  of  the  late  Joseph  Bosworth. 

School-Books. 

Browning's  Strafford,  2/.     Edited  by  Hereford  B.  George. 
Cicero,  In  Catilinam  I.,  3/.     Edited  by  T.  W.  Jeffery  and 

T.  R.  Mills  in  the  University  Tutorial  Series. 
Practical  Physics,  by  W.  Franklin  and  Others,  Vol.  III., 

4/  net. 
Satterly  (J.),  Elementary  Science  for  the  Certificate  and 

Preliminary   Certificate   Examinations :    Section    B— 

Physics,  3/ 
Schultze  (A.),  Graphic  Algebra,  4/6 
Young  (E.),  A  Rational  Geography  :  Part  II.,  Tides,  Winds, 

Currents,  Latitude,  and  Longitude  :  America,  Africa,  1/6 

Science. 

British  Museum  (Natural  History) :  Zoological  Department, 

Insect  Section,  1/.    A  guide  to  the  exhibited  series  of 

insects,  with  62  illustrations. 
Davis  (C.  W.),  Rural  School  Agriculture,  5/net.   Illustrated. 
Goerens   (P.),    Introduction    to   Metallography,    7/6    net. 

Translated  by  Fred  Ibbotson. 
Jacoby  (M.),  The  Fauna  of  British  India,  including  Ceylon 

and  Burma :   Coleoptera :   Vol.  II.  Chrysomelida?,  20/. 

Edited  by  Lieut. -Col.  C.  T.  Bingham. 
London   Catalogue  of  British  Plants,   Off.     New  Edition. 

Contains  The  British  Pha?nogamia,  Filices,  &c. 
McDonald  (D.),  Agricultural  Writers  from  Sir  Walter  of 

Henley  to  Arthur  Young,  21/  net. 
Moens  (H.  M   Bernelot),  Truth  :  Experimental  Researches 

about  the  Descent  of  Man,  1/  net. 
Osborn  (H.  F.),  Evolution  of  Mammalian  Molar  Teeth  to 

and  from  the  Triangular  Type,   8/6  net.     Edited  by 

W.  K.  Gregory.      Vol.   I.  of  Biological  Studies   and 

Addresses. 
Risley  (Sir  H.),  The  People  of  India,  21/  net.    With  25 

illustrations. 
Simpson  (J.),   The  Wild   Rabbit  in    a  New    Aspect;    or. 

Rabbit -Warrens  combined  with  Poultry  Fanning  and 

Fruit  Culture,  6/  net. 
Thibault  (P.  J.),  Metallurgy  of  Tin,  12/6  net. 
Thomson  (J.  A.),   Heredity,   9/  net.      In  the  Progressive 

Science  Series. 
Washburn  (M.  F.),  The  Animal  Mind,  7/  net. 
Webster  (Hutton),  Primitive  Secret  Societies,  8/6  net.    A 

study  in  earlv  politics  and  religion. 
Westell  (W.  P.),  The  Insect  Book,  3/  net.     Illustrated  with 

photographs  by  R.  B.  Imisson.    One  of  the  Country 

Handbooks. 
Wolseley  (Hon.  F.),  Gardening  for  Women,  5/  net.    With 

32  illustrations. 

Fiction. 

Alexander  (J.),  A  Prisoner  in  Holy  Orders  ;  or,  the  Ill-Fate 

of  Stephen  Helwyn,  6/ 
Alpens  (Marchioness  d'),  The  House  of  the  Lost  Court,  6/ 
Ashley-La  rkins  (W.),  Where  Passion  Swayed,  12/net. 
Begbie (Harold),  Tables  of  Stone,  6/ 
Birkhead  (A.).  The  Master-Knot,  6/ 

Blackmore(R.  D.),  Lorna  Doone,  7/6  net.  With  Introduc- 
tion by  H.  Snowdcn   Ward,   and  illustrated  by   Mrs. 

C.    W.    Ward.     For  notice  of    first    issue    see    Athen., 

April  17,  1869,  p.  534. 
Brady  (C.  T.),  The  Blue  Ocean's  Daughter,  6/ 
Crockett  (S.  R.),  Deep  Moat  Grange,  6/ 
Crommelin  (May),  I  Little  Knew,  6/ 
Curtois(M.  A.),  The  Land  without  a  Sun,  and  other  Tales, 

1/6  net. 
Dease  (Alice),  The  Beckoning  of  the  Wand,  3/6  net. 
Donovan  (Dick),  A  Gilded  Serpent,  6/    The  story  of  a  dark 

deed. 
Partington  (II.  M.),  The  Gates  that  Shall  Not  Prevail,  6/ 
Gilbert  Hermer,  written  by  the  Friend  of  his  Age.  <:/.     The 

memory    of   a    man,    his    ways  and    his   words,   with 

Introduction  by  Charles  Maseficld. 
(iorst  (Mis.  Harold),  The  Thief  on  the  Cross,  0/ 
Graham  (W.  Fergus),  Kathleen,  6/ 
Kipling  (A.  Wcllesley),  The  New  Dominion,  6/.     A   talc  of 

to-morrow's  wars,  designed  to  show  the  power  of  the 

American  navy. 
Millionaire  Girl,  and  other  Stories,  by  Rila,  0/ 
Norris  (F.),  The  Octopus,   7<l.    net.     In    Nelson's   Library, 

For  notice  see  A  thin,  i  <»<  t.  5,  1901,  p.  417. 
Oakstone  (A.),  A  Knight  Errant  in  Turkey,  6/ 
Oxenham  (.1.),  Pearl  of  Pearl  Island,  8/,     With  16  illustra- 
tions from  photographs. 
Potts  (II.),  His  Final  Flutter,  Ci.     A  story  of  modern  racing, 

romance,  snort,  and  criminal  law. 
Raine  (Allen),  Neither  Stonbouse  nor  Barn, 
Smedley  (C),  The  Daughter,  6/ 
Sorenson  (K.  S),  The  S.|uatter's  Ward,  6' 
Strain  (E.  II.),  A  Prophet's  Reward   0 


Swynnerton  (C),  Romantic  Tales  from  the  Punjab,  with 
Indian  Nights'  Entertainment,  6/  net.  New  Edition. 
For  notice  see  Athen.,  Dec.  26,  1903,  p.  852. 

Tucker  (B.),  The  Ring,  6/ 

Wyndham  (H.),  Roses  and  Rue,  6/ 

Wynne  (F.  E.),  Faith  Unfaithful,  6/ 

General  Literature. 

Bottomley  (H.  Holford),  Successful  Salesmanship  for  all 
engaged  in  Business,  3/6  net. 

Burdett  (Sir  H.),  Burdett's  Hospitals  and  Charities,  1908, 
7/6  net.  The  Year-Book  of  Philanthropy  and  Hospital 
Annual. 

English  Race,  February,  6<f.  net.  No.  I.  of  the  Journal  of 
the  Royal  Society  of  St.  George. 

Foreign  Office  List  'and  Diplomatic  and  Consular  Year- 
Book,  1908,  10/6. 

Hislam  (P.  A.),  The  Admiralty  of  the  Atlantic,  6/6  net.  An 
inquiry  into  the  development  of  German  sea  power, 
past,  present,  and  prospective,  with  21  illustrations  and 
a  map. 

Kelly's  Directory  of  Merchants,  Manufacturers,  and  Ship- 
pers, 1908,  30/ 

Sheehan  (Canon),  Parerga,  7/6  net.  A  companion  volume 
to  '  Under  the  Cedars  and  the  Stars.' 

Weaver  (A.  B.),  Abbreviated  Longhand,  5/net. 

Wilde  (Oscar),  Works,  Vols.  I.  to  XL,  12/6  net  each. 

Pamphlets. 

Duckers  (J.  Scott),  The  Licensing  Bill,  1908,  id.     Full  Textr 

with  Notes. 
Emergency  Leaflets :    No.   LXXIV.    The  Garforth   Case  ; 

No.  LXXV.     Mr.  McKenna's  Education  Bill,  1908,  with 

Notes  and  Comments,  2d.  each. 
Freeman  (F.  L.),  A  Heavy  Burden. 
Hollingworth  (H.),  Advice  for  Meditation. 
Ingram  (Prebendary  Winnington),   The  Continuity  of  the 

Church  of  England,  Id.     A  sermon  preached  on  Sundav, 

September  8th,  1907. 
Jewish  Historical  Society  of  England  :  an  Advance  Fasci- 
cule of  Transactions,  Vol.  VI. 
Morel  (E.  D.),  The  Economic  Aspect  of  the  Congo  Problem, 

Id. 


FOREIGN. 

Fine  Art  and  Archaeology. 

Grand-Carteret  (J.),  Zola  en  Images,  with  2S0  illustrations, 

3fr.  50. 
Maurel  (A.),   Villes  d'ltalie :    Part  II.    Erailie,    Marches, 

Ombrie,  3fr.  50. 
Pognon  (H.),  Inscriptions  s^mitiques  de  la  Syrie,    de  la 

Mesopotamie,   et  de  la  Region  de  Mossoul,   Part   II. 

For  review  of  Part  I.  see  last  week's  Athenceum,  p.  319. 
Schubring  (P.),    Donatello :   des   Meisters    Werke    in    277 

Abbildungen.    One   of   the   Klassiker   der  Kunst    in 

Gesamtausgaben . 
Taurines  (G.  de),  Benvenuto  Cellini  a  Paris  sous  Francois  I. 

6fr. 

Poetry  and  the  Drama. 

Jiriczek  (O.),  Viktorianische  Dichtung,  4m.  Selections  from 
the  Brownings,  Tennyson,  Matthew  Arnold,  Morris, 
Swinburne,  and  D.  G.  and  Christina  Rossetti. 

Materialien  zur  Kunde  des  alteren  Englischen  Dramas  : 
Vol.  XX.  Dekker's  Satiro-Mastix,  herausgegeben  nach 
den  Dn'cken  von  1602,  von  Dr.  H.  Scherer,  lOfr.  ;  Vol. 
XXI.  Documents  relating  to  the  Office  of  the  Revels  in 
the  Time  of  Queen  Elizabeth,  edited,  with  Notes  and 
Indexes,  by  Albert  Feuillerat,  60fr. 

Philosophy. 

Ebbinghaus  (II.),  Abriss  der  Psychologie,  3m. 
Grundriss   einer  Methodologie    der  Geisteswissenschaften 
m.  besond.  Beriicksicht.  der  Poetik,  5m. 

History  and  Biography. 
Bremond    (II.),   La    Provence    mystique    au    dix-septieme 

Siecle  :  Antoine  Yvan  et  Madeleine  Martin,  5fr. 
Cordey  (J.),   Inventaire  des  Archives  des  Dues  de  Crillon- 

conservces  chez  M.  le  Marquis  de  Grammont,  lOfr. 
Dimier  (L.),  Les  Prejuges  ennemis  de  l'Histoire  de  France, 

2  vols.,  7fr. 
Langlois  (C.  V.),  La  Society  francaise  au  troisieme  Siecle 

d'apres    dix    Romans    d'Aventure,    3fr.    50.      Revised 

Edition. 
Lemire(C),  Jules  Verne,  1828-1006,  2fr.  60. 
Paupe  (A.)  et  Cheramv  (P.  A.),  Correspondance  de  Stend- 
hal, 1800-42,  3  vols.,  20fr. 
Revue  historique.  Volume  supplementaire,  Mr. 
Servian  (F.),  Magaud  :  l'Artiste,  le  Chef  d'Ecole,  l'llomme, 

I2fr. 

Geography  and  Travel. 

Zeys  (M.).  Cne  Francaise  au  Maroc,  4fr. 

Education. 
Ullrich  (R.),  Programmwesen  a.  Procrammbibliothek  der 
hoheren  Schulen  in  Deutschland,   (H-sterreich,  u.   der 
Schwelz,  12m. 

Science, 
Houllevigue  (L.),  L'Kvolntion  des  Sciences,  Mr.  50, 

Fiction, 
Baraudon.  Enracinea,  8fr,  50, 

Lorrain  (.1.),  lb-lie,  (iareon  d'H6tel,  3fr.  MX 
Rosny  (.J.  H.).  Vers  la  Toison  d'Or,  3fr.  50. 
Tinayre  (M.).  L'Amonr  qui  pleura,  8fr.  50.    Contains  font 
nouveUes." 

General  Literature. 
Isis.  Revue  mensuelle  de  Lit  t  endure,  de  Critique, "et  d'Art  : 

Mars,  dfr.  60, 

Tonnel&t  (F,.),  [/Expansion  allemande  hors  dlturopa ; 
Btats-Unis,  Bristf,  Ohantoung,  Afrique  da  Bud,  Bfr.  50. 

t/(    Books    received    at    thv    Office    up    to    Wednesday 
Morning  will  l>r  included  in  (Am  /.<*'  nwlwi  previous!, i 

noted.      Publishers    ore    reipirsled    to    state    prices   irhm 
sending  Books. 


356 


'I1  II  E     ATI!  KNjWUM 


No.  4195,  Ma»  h  21,  II 


Ititrrarn  ffiossip. 

In    Tin    ComhiU    Magazim    for    April 

Mr.  A.  < '.  Benson  takes  as  his  theme  '  Our 
Lack  of  Greal  Men.'  'The  Book  on  the 
Table1  selected  hy  .Miss  Virginia  Stephen 
is  Lady  Dorothy  Nc\  ill's  'Memoirs.' 
There  is  an  account — based  on  letters 
written  at  the  time — of  *  Mr.  Gladstone 
at  Oxford,  1890,'  by  C.  R.  L.  P.  In  '  The 
Letters  of  John  Carne  '  Prof.  Churton 
Collins  revives  the  memory  of  the  man 
who  provided  Scott  with  the  Oriental 
Betting  of  'The  Talisman.'  'A  Memory 
of  Seville,'  by  Mr.  Ian  Malcolm,  gives  a 
description  of  the  Easter  celebrations ; 
and  Mrs.  S.  A.  Barnett  writes  on  '  Seme 
Principles  of  the  Poor  Law.' 

On  the  9th  of  April  Mrs.  Henry  de  la 
Pasture  will  publish  with  Messrs.  Smith 
&  Elder  a  new  novel  entitled  '  The  Grey 
Knight  :  an  Autumn  Love-Story.'  It 
is  a  modern  love-story,  the  heroine  being 
a  beautiful  middle-aged  widow,  and  the 
hero  a  fiery  Welshman  of  sixty,  whose 
home  is  a  Norman  castle  among 
his  native  hills.  In  their  "  Waterloo 
Library "  the  same  publishers  are  about 
to  include  Mrs.  de  la  Pasture's  '  Adam 
Grigson.' 

The  biography  of  the  fifth  Duke  of 
Newcastle — the  Lord  Lincoln  who,  through 
his  father's  influence,  introduced  his 
friend  and  schoolfellow  Gladstone  to 
Parliament,  and  became  Sir  R.  Peel's 
trusted  follower — has  been  long  delayed. 
It  is  now  in  the  press,  and  will  shortly 
be  published  by  Mr.  Murray.  The  author 
is  Mr.  John  Martineau,  the  biographer 
of  Sir  Bartle  Frere,  who  has  been  engaged 
on  the  work  at  intervals  for  several  years, 
and  has  had  access  to  family  papers  and 
other  unpublished  documents. 

Sir  Isaac  Pitman  &  Sons  will  publish 
next  Tuesday  '  The  Evolution  of  the 
Messianic  Idea,'  by  Dr.  W.  0.  E.  Oesterley, 
whose  book  on  the  Synagogue,  written  in 
•conjunction  with  the  Rev.  G.  H.  Box,  we 
praised  last  week.  The  work  discovers  in  a 
remote  antiquity  the  germ  of  a  belief 
which,  in  the  fullness  of  time,  came  to 
maturity. 

Messrs.  Longman  will  publish  at  the 
end  of  the  month  Stubbs's  '  Germany 
in  the  Early  Middle  Ages,  476-1250,'  edited 
by  Mr.  Arthur  Hassall.  The  volume 
originated  in  a  series  of  lectures  delivered 
at  Oxford,  and  it  is  thought  that  it  will 
fill  a  distinct  gap  in  the  absence  of  satis- 
factory histories  of  the  period  in  English. 

A  new  novel  of  English  domestic  life 
by  Mr.  Thomas  Walton,  entitled  'The 
Sins  of  the  Fathers,'  is  announced  for 
publication  shortly  by  Mr.  Elliot  Stock. 

The  Greek  versions  of  '  The  Testaments 
of  the  Twelve  Patriarchs,'  edited  from 
nine  MSS.,  together  with  the  variants  of 
the  Armenian  and  Slavonic  versions  and 
some  Hebrew  fragments,  by  Dr.  R.  H. 
Charles,  will  be  published  next  week  by 
the  Oxford  University  Press. 

Yet  another  of  the  few  surviving  links 
with  Sir  Walter  Scott  disappeared  with 
the  death  at  Ealing  on  Sunday  the  15th, 


inet.,  after  three  days1  illness,  of  Katha- 
rine  (the   "  Kitty  "   of   the   '  Journal '), 

fiftli  child  and  second  daughter  of  the 
great  man's  lifelong  and  dearly  beloved 
friend  James  Skene  of  Kuhislau.  Born 
on  May  9th  in  the  year  of  Waterloo,  in 
I  it  i  three-and-twentieth  year  she  quitted 
Edinburgh  for  Athens,  when  his  son's 
health  led  James  Skene  to  move  his 
family  to  a  warmer  climate.  There  in 
1841  she  was  married  to  John  Foster 
Grierson,  Queen's  Printer  for  Ireland, 
and  for  a  time  resided  at  Latakia,  where 
her  husband  was  British  Consul,  and  sub- 
sequently for  many  years  at  Beyrout. 
Since  her  widowhood  she  had  made 
her  home  with  her  sole  surviving  child, 
Mr.  Thornton  Foster  Grierson,  of  whose 
family  circle  she  became,  in  her  old  age, 
the  revered  and  cherished  centre.  A 
stately  figure,  with  faculties  alert  to  the 
last,  she  sat  amongst  her  books  in  a  room 
decorated  with  many  examples  of  her 
father's  art,  to  which,  in  the  epistle  dedi- 
catory of  the  fourth  canto  of  '  Marmion  ' 
(inscribed  to  Skene),  Sir  Walter  makes  a 
graceful  reference  : — 

As  thou  with  pencil,  I  with  pen 
The  features  traced  of  hill  and  glen. 

About  Scott,  whom,  as  a  little  girl,  she 
saw  almost  daily  at  the  time  of  his 
financial  ruin,  she  had  much  to  tell ;  but 
her  reminiscences  were  shared  with  her 
friends  only  :  the  idea  of  publication 
was  repugnant  to  her. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  Council  of  the  Old 
Edinburgh  Club,  held  on  Tuesday,  Prof. 
Chiene  in  the  chair,  it  was  decided  to  go 
on  with  the  preparation  and  editing  of 
papers  by  members  relating  to  Edinburgh, 
and  to  issue  these  in  the  form  of  a  '  Mis- 
cellany '  as  the  first  volume  of  the  Club's 
transactions.  There  are  now  152  mem- 
bers, and  not  more  than  300  are  contem- 
plated. 

We  are  sorry  to  notice  the  death, 
at  the  age  of  eighty-four,  on  Friday  week 
last,  of  Mr.  Richard  Cameron,  well  known 
for  over  forty  years  as  a  second-hand 
bookseller  in  Edinburgh.  Mr.  Cameron 
took  to  bookselling  from  his  interest 
in  the  history  and  literature  of  Scotland. 
His  shop  at  1,  St.  David  Street  was  much 
frequented  by  lovers  of  old  books.  He 
lectured  with  success  on  Scottish  subjects, 
and  wrote  a  resume  of  the  history  of  Edin- 
burgh, on  which  he  was  a  special  authority. 
Mr.  Cameron  was  also  prominent  as  an 
advocate  of  the  cause  of  temperance, 
on  which  he  wrote  a  number  of  brochures. 
The  business  will  be  carried  on  by  Mr. 
Cameron's  son. 

The  Malone  Society  is  about  to  issue 
two  volumes,  which,  with  the  four  pre- 
viously sent  out,  will  constitute  the  first 
year's  publications.  The  present  issue 
consists  of  a  reprint  of  the  1605  quarto 
of  the  old  play  of  '  King  Leir '  and  a  part 
of  the  Society's  '  Collections.'  The  latter 
contains,  besides  some  hitherto  unknown 
dramatic  fragments,  an  edition  of  the 
dramatic  records  preserved  in  the  City 
'  Remembrancia.'  This  important  series 
of  papers,  consisting  chiefly  of  the  corre- 
spondence between  the  Lords  Mayors 
and  the  Lords  of  the  Privy  Council,  was 


calendared     in     an     '  Analytical     End) 

private!]  I    hy    the    Corporation    in 

IH1H  ;    but  the  originals  have  never  before 

been  printed  in  full.    The  npple- 

mentfl  at  many  point-  the  official  "  A 
of  the  Privy  Council,'  and  al-o  the  eoll< 
tion  of  letter-  pri  I  among  the  Lam- 

downe  MSS.  Many  of  the  document- 
are  of  first-rate  importance  for  the  dra- 
matic history  of  the  sixteenth  and  seven- 
teenth centuries.  The  publications  for 
1908  will  consist  of  reprints  of  five  pla 
and  a  further  part  of  the  '  Collections.' 
Particulars  may  be  had  from  the  Hon. 
Secretary,  Mr.  Arundell  Esdaile,  166, 
Holland  Road,  W. 

The  forthcoming  number  of  the  African 
Society's  Journal  will  contain  an  interest- 
ing sociological  study  by  Mr.  Arthur 
ffoulkes,  District  Commissioner  Gold 
Coast  Colony,  entitled  '  The  Company 
System  in  Cape  Coast  Castle.'  The  "com- 
panies "  are  organizations  apparently 
connected  with  totemism,  membership 
in  them  being  inherited  (a-  i-  the  case 
with  the  Herero  otuzo)  from  the  father, 
while  ordinary  kinship  is  reckoned  in 
the  female  line.  In  a  future  paper  Mr. 
ffoulkes  will  deal  with  the  clan  system 
of  the  Fanti  tribes.  The  paper  on  '  Lake 
Chad  '  read  before  the  Societ y  by  Lieut . 
Boyd  Alexander  in  February-  will  be  pub- 
lished in  the  same  number  of  the  Journal, 
as  well  as  Col.  Bruce' s  paper  on  '  Sleeping 
Sickness,'  read  at  the  March  meeting  of 
the  Society. 

A  kevised  edition  of  Prof.  Meinhofs 
'  Grundriss  einer  Lautlehre  der  Bantu- 
sprachen '  (1899)  is  in  preparation,  em- 
bodying the  results  of  the  author's  lin- 
guistic researches  in  East  Africa  during 
the  interval.  Arrangements  will  be  made, 
if  possible,  for  an  English  issue. 

The  Italian  Minister  of  Public  In- 
struction has  decided  to  purchase  the 
library  of  Crispi,  although  its  ultimate 
destination  is  not  yet  settled.  The  library 
constitutes  a  unique  collection  of  docu- 
ments for  the  history  of  the  "  Risorgi- 
mento,"  for  Crispi  preserved  with  great 
care  and  annotated  every  pamphlet  and 
book  on  the  subject. 

Geheime  Regierungsrat  Richard  von 
Kaufmann,  whose  death  in  his  fifty-eighth 
year  is  announced  from  Berlin,  was  for 
many  years  Professor  of  Political  Economy 
at  the  Technical  Academy  at  Charlotten- 
burg.  His  books  include  '  Die  Finanzen 
Frankreichs,'  '  Verteilung  der  Steuerlast 
in  Preussen,'  and  '  Die  Eisenbahnpolitik 
Frankreichs.' 

The  following  Parliamentary  Papers 
have  just  been  published  :  Appendix  to 
Report  of  the  Commissioners  of  National 
Education,  Ireland,  1906-7,  Section  I., 
General  Reports  by  Inspectors  and  Others 
(8$d.)  ;  Section  II.  Part  1,  Inspectors, 
Training  Colleges,  &c.  ;  Part  2,  Rules 
and  Regulations  (lid.)  ;  List  of  Certified 
Schools  for  Blind,  Deaf,  Defective,  and 
Epileptic  Children  in  England  and  Wales 
(2\d.)  ;  Annual  Statistical  Report  of  the 
University  of  Aberdeen  {Id.) ;  and  London 
County  Council :  Syllabus  of  Bible  In- 
struction for  use  in  L..C.C.  Schools  (£d.)- 


No.  4195,  March  21,  1908 


THE    ATHENAEUM 


357 


SCIENCE 


OUR    LIBRARY    TABLE. 

Comparative  Electro  -  Physiology.  By 
Jagadis  Chunder  Bose.  (Longmans  &  Co.) 
— Recent  advances  in  physics  and  chemistry 
have  enabled  Sir  Chunder  Bose  to  throw 
back  indefinitely  the  doctrine  of  a  vital 
spirit  which  long  held  sway  in  physiology, 
and  of  wliich  there  has  lately  been  some 
sign  of  resuscitation.  The  electrical  physio- 
logy of  muscle  and  nerve  has  undergone 
many  changes  both  in  theory  and  practice. 
It  has  been  left  to  Sir  Chunder  to  take  a 
wide  view  of  the  subject,  and  to  correlate 
the  electrical  changes  in  the  neuro-muscular 
apparatus  of  animals  with  similar,  but  less- 
known  changes  occurring  in  the  botanical 
world,  as  well  as  with  remarkably  similar 
phenomena  occurring  in  such  inorganic 
substances  as  steel,  tin,  and  platinum.  The 
work  carried  out  by  Sir  Chunder  Bose,  as 
explained  in  the  present  book,  is  mainly 
experimental.  He  illustrates  the  results 
he  has  obtained  with  photographic  records 
and  with  diagrams  of  the  apparatus  used 
which  make  it  easy  to  follow  the  experi- 
mental details.  The  general  effect  of  the 
work  is  to  substitute  "  molecular  disturb- 
ance "  for  "  vital  force  " — a  term  which  has 
long  been  abused  by  plrysiologists.  Vital 
force  replaced  "  calidum  innatum  "  ;  and 
if  "  molecular  disturbance  "  does  not  carry 
our  knowledge  much  further,  it  has  the 
advantage  of  being  used  alike  of  organic  and 
inorganic  substances. 

Comparative  electro-physiology  deals  with 
the  condition  of  living  tissues  subjected  to  a 
stimulus,  and  the  manner  in  which  they 
respond  to  such  stimulus,  and  return  to  their 
original  condition  when  the  stimulus  ceases. 
The  passage  of  a  molecular  disturbance 
from  one  point  to  another  in  a  living  tissue 
is  in  itself  the  transmission  of  a  stimulus. 
The  response  of  living  tissue,  therefore, 
to  a  stimulus,  and  the  variations  which  it 
shows  under  excitation,  whether  in  the 
direction  of  increase  or  diminution,  depend 
upon  the  molecular  condition.  This  is  well 
seen  in  nerves  brought  into  a  condition  of 
electrotonus,  when  the  influence  of  one  pole 
is  to  produce  a  molecular  distortion  facilitat- 
ing the  transmission  of  a  true  excitatory 
wave,  whilst  by  the  opposite  pole  this  trans- 
mission is  hindered  or  blocked.  An  identical 
nerve  can  therefore  be  rendered  accelerating 
or  inhibitory  by  the  opposite  effects  of  the 
inducing  tonus. 

If  the  external  force,  according  as  it  is 
positive  or  negative,  be  thus  capable  of 
inducing  opposite  molecular  dispositions, 
"  it  is  not  difficult  to  understand,"  says 
Prof.  Bose,  "  that  impulses  from  an  internal 
source  may  similarly  modify  the  molecular 
changes,  and  thus  the  brain  acts  upon  and 
through  the  nerves."  The  nerve  impulses 
are  of  two  kinds,  distinct  from  each  other — 
the  one  positive,  induced  by  a  feeble  current ; 
tho  other  negative,  due  to  a  stronger  impulse, 
and  giving  rise  to  a  painful  sensation.  The 
positive  impulse  is  simple,  and  of  rapid 
velocity  ;  tho  negative  is  complex,  con- 
taining a  masked  positive,  and  its  wave  of 
transmission  is  slower. 

In  the  course  of  this  investigation  Prof. 
Bose  shows  that  Pfluger's  law  of  make  and 
break  is  not  so  absolute  as  it  is  generally 
supposed  to  be,  bocause  it  fails  when  the 
eleotromotive  foreo  is  either  too  high  or 
too  low.  He  also  puts  forward  an  interesting 
thoory  of  memory  BB  BO  immediate  after- 
effect of  sensory  stimulation,  and  deals 
with  the  much  more  difficult  problem  of  the 
revival  of  an  image  long  after  it  has  appa- 


rently faded.  It  has  been  suggested  that 
this  process  of  revival  depends  on  the  exist- 
ence of  some  "  scar  "  or  fixed  impression  in 
the  brain,  or  on  a  certain  persistent  disposi- 
tion or  tendency  to  movement  created  there. 
Prof.  Bose  gives  reasons  and  some  experi- 
mental evidence  to  show  that  such  a  revival 
of  memories  consists  of  two  distinct  factors  : 
first,  that  of  molecular  change,  with  con- 
comitant change  of  properties  ;  and,  second, 
the  effect  of  an  internal  stimulus,  delivered 
as  a  blow  from  within,  by  an  impulse  of 
the  will,  upon  the  sensitive  surface  in  wliich 
the  image  is  latent. 

Prof.  Bose  devotes  a  considerable  portion 
of  his  volume  to  a  consideration  of  the  con- 
duction of  stimuli  in  plants.  It  has  been 
supposed  that  plants  do  not  conduct 
excitation  by  the  transmission  of  proto- 
plasmic changes,  but  that  their  movements 
are  the  result  of  hydro-mechanical  dis- 
turbance. Prof.  Bose  shows,  however,  that 
the  conductivity  in  plants  runs  on  much  the 
same  lines  as  in  animals  :  and  he  states 
that  he  has  isolated  certain  tissues  in  the 
soft  parts  of  the  fibro-vascular  bundles 
which  seem  to  be  so  specially  fitted  for  tho 
conduction  of  excitation  as  to  be  really 
vegetal  nerves.  Of  these  vegetal  nerves 
he  says : — 

"  In  the  case  of  trees  the  interior  tissues  whose 
functions  are  of  great  importance  in  various  ways 
are  inaccessible  to  such  external  energy  as  that  of 
light.  But  no  part  of  them  is  far  removed  from 
the  vegetal  nerves,  whose  outer  endings  are  found 
in  the  ramified  venation  of  the  leaves.  The  laminte 
of  the  plant  thus  in  their  aggregation  form  an  ex- 
tensive catchment  basin  for  the  reception  of  energy 
from  outside  and  its  ultimate  transmission  within 
the  plant." 

In  the  course  of  this  inquiry  Prof.  Bose 
takes  occasion  to  criticize  the  work  of  the 
late  Prof.  Sir  J.  Burdon  Sanderson,  who 
experimented  chiefly  with  Dionsea. 

Enough  has  been  said  to  show  that  the 
author  has  made  a  valuable  contribution  to 
the  knowledge  of  the  extremely  difficult 
subject  of  electro-physiology,  and  whether 
or  not  his  conclusions  prove  to  be  accurate 
in  detail,  there  can  be  no  doubt  of  their 
general  truth.  His  observations,  therefore, 
are  useful  alike  to  the  physiologist  (concerned 
with  animals  or  plants),  the  physicist,  and 
the  psychologist,  by  all  of  whom  his  book 
should  be  read  carefully. 

Two  Ojford  Physiologists  :  Richard  Lower, 
1631-91  ;  John  Mayow,  1643-79.  By 
Francis  Gotch.  (Oxford,  Clarendon  Press.) 
— The  history  of  the  Oxford  Medical  School 
has  not  yet  received  adequate  attention, 
though  its  mombers  have  been  amongst  the 
most  remarkable  thinkers  and  workers  in 
their  profession.  Gilbert  Kymer,  John 
Chambre,  Thomas  Linacre,  Richard  Cald- 
well, William  Harvey,  and  Christopher 
Wren  well  deservo  a  study  from  the  point 
of  view  of  thoir  surroundings,  and  not  as 
the  central  figures  of  a  biography.  Prof. 
Gotch  has  dono  this  for  Richard  Lowor  and 
John  Mayow,  and  is  able  to  prove  that  the 
latter  was  one  of  tho  greatest  men  of  the 
seventeenth  century — so  great,  indeed,  that 
he  can  be  mentioned  with  Galileo,  Bacon, 
and  Harvey,  though,  unfortunately  for  the 
science  oi  physiology,  he  died  at  the  ago  of 
thirty-six.  Both  Lower  and  Mayow  can 
be  placed  in  tho  highest  rank  of  experimental 
physiologists,  but  Mayow  was  so  constituted 
that  his  mind  novor  rested  contont  with  a 
single  set  of  facts.  It  was  his  ruling  passion 
to  get  at  gonoral  or  oloniontarv  principles, 
and  ho  was  so  successful  in  this  that  he  inado 
many  important  physiological  discoveries. 

Bom  in  London  in  1(143  of  a  Cornish 
stock,  Mayow  was  a  Rcholar  of  Wadham, 
and  became  a  Fellow  of  All  Souls.  Ho 
published   his   "Traotatus  do   Hospirationo ' 


in  1668,  in  which  he  not  only  gave  an  account 
of  the  muscular  mechanism  of  respiration 
almost  with  the  detail  of  a  modern  textbook 
of  physiology,  but  also  announced  the  dis- 
covery that  there  was  a  special  vapour  in  the 
air  necessary  both  for  combustion  and  life. 
He  thus  called  attention  to  the  existence 
of  the  gas  afterwards  named  oxygen, 
which  was  rediscovered  by  Priestley  and 
Lavoisier  more  than  a  hundred  years  later. 

In  1674  he  published  a  larger  work, 
'  Tractatus  Quinque,'  dealing  with  the 
nature  of  combustion  along  almost  modem 
lines,  and  showing  that  the  source  of  animal 
heat— a  matter  of  sore  trouble  to  physio- 
logists before  and  after  him — was  situated 
in  the  muscles.  This  fact  has  led  to  the 
doctrine  of  metabolism,  upon  wliich 
modern  physiology  is  essentially  based  ; 
but  although  it  wTas  clearly  enunciated  by 
Mayow,  the  knowledge  remained  barren, 
and  was  virtually  lost  until  it  was  restated 
by  Helmholtz.     Prof.  Gotch  truly  says  that 

"the  astonishment  which  is  produced  in  our  minds 
by  Mayow's  extraordinary  scientific  achievement 
is  only  equalled  by  the  undoubted  fact  that  in  spite 
of  what  appears  to  us  to  be  the  lucidity  of  his 
presentation,  his  work  caused  no  conviction  in  the 
minds  of  his  contemporaries,  and  was  disregarded 
for  more  than  a  century." 

Mayow  has  long  been  known,  and  his  work 
appreciated,  by  those  who  are  familiar  with 
the  history  of  science  at  Oxford  ;  but  Prof. 
Gotch  has  done  well  to  call  renewed  attention 
to  him  in  this  pamphlet,  which  is  a  direct 
outcome  of  the  meeting  of  the  Oxford 
University  Extension  in  the  summer  of  1907. 


ANTHROPOLOGICAL    NOTES. 

The  death  of  Dr.  A.  W.  Howitt,  which 
is  reported  as  having  recently  occurred, 
is  a  great  loss  to  antliropology.  A  letter 
addressed  by  him  to  his  collaborator,  the 
late  Rev.  Lorimer  Fison,  on  July  7th,  1873, 
relating  to  the  Dieri  tribe,  was  communicated 
to  the  Anthropological  Institute  by  the  Rev. 
G.  Taplin  ;  but  the  first  direct  communica- 
tion to  that  Institute  by  Mr.  Fison  and  Mr. 
Howitt  was  not  made  till  February  21st, 
1882,  and  was  entitled  '  From  Mother-Right 
to  Father-Right.'  Their  first  paper  on  the 
class-systems  was  read  on  December  12th 
in  the  same  year,  and  was  followed  in  rapid 
succession  by  a  long  series  of  papers  and  by 
published  works.  Mr.  Howitt  was  elected 
a  Corresponding  Member  of  the  Institute 
in  1884.  He  was  also  a  contributor  to  Folk- 
Lore.  His  namo  will  bo  familiar  to  the 
readers  of  this  column,  as  we  have  had  reason 
on  twenty  several  occasions  (tho  last  time 
so  recently  as  last  month)  to  montion  liis 
writings  ;  and  he  is  commemorated  at  the 
very  scene  of  his  labours  in  Central  Aus- 
tralia by  Mount  Howitt  and  Lake  Howitt 
(26°  32'  8;  142°  14'  E.).  His  writings 
display  tho  spirit  of  candour  and  modesty 
which  bolonged  to  him  as  a  scientific  observer, 
and  which  were  perhaps  in  some  degree 
inherited  from  his  father  and  mother  .William 
and  Mary  Howitt,  whose  works  had  tho  same 
charms  for  a  past  generation. 

By  an  unforeseen  coincidence,  the*  issue 
of  Man  for  March  contains  an  article  in 
French  by  M.  van  Gennep,  in  which  ho  sug- 
gests that  Mr.  Howitt's  failure  to  discover, 
among  tho  trilxvs  with  which  he  was  familiar, 
the  strange  biological  and  physiological 
theories  of  reproduction  which  some  modern 
writers   have  attributed    to   the  aborigines 

of  Central    Australia,    was   due  either   to   his 

not  having  made  inquiries  on  that  point 
or  to  the  savages  having  adopted  European 
ideas,  A  third  possibility,  that  the  allege  I 
noscionco   is   an   unsound    inference  of  the 


3.58 


Til  E     ATIIKNiEUM 


No.  U05.  Ma*  k  21,  1908 


modern  .  i>  nrvor,  Ims  some  <  1  < ^ r» h »  of  pro- 
bability. 

Mr.  W.  \.  Dntt  ham  reoentlj  discovered 
in  a  gravel-pi1  on  the  oommon  at  Bungay 

in    tho    W'nvoiicy    vulloy,    a   small    and    well 

worked    points!    Implement,    which,    if   its 

l'al:i(>litlnc  clinractor  is  ostablishod,  is  tho 
first  that  lias  been  found  to  keep  company 
with  the  historic  implements  of  Home. 

Dr.  Duckworth  calls  attention  in  Man 
to  tho  rosonrchos  of  Mr.  Klintborg,  of  Visby, 
in  Gothland,  who  has  brought  together 
a  vast  quantity  of  matorial  relating  to  tho 
folk-loro  and  dialects  of  that  island,  filling 
25,000  written  sheets. 

Dr.  Haddon  has  contributed  to  Man 
the  regulations  for  obtaining  a  diploma 
of  Anthropology  in  the  University  of  Cam- 
bridge. They  are  that  any  member  of  the 
University  who  has  taken,  or  is  qualified 
to  take,  a  degree  of  the  University,  and  has 
received  instruction  in  antliropology  in 
Cambridge,  under  the  direction  of  the 
Board  of  Anthropological  Studies,  during 
tliree  terms,  which  need  not  be  consecutive, 
and  has  presented  a  dissertation  approved 
by  the  Board,  shall,  on  the  payment  of  the 
prescribed  fees,  be  entitled  to  a  diploma 
testifying  to  his  competent  knowledge  of 
antliropology.  In  the  case  of  a  member 
who  has  already  graduated,  instruction 
under  a  University  professor,  reader,  or 
lecturer  is  substituted  for  instruction  under 
the  direction  of  the  Board.  The  diploma 
may  be  also  obtained  under  the  like  condi- 
tions by  an  advanced  student  who  has 
resided  for  three  terms,  provided  that  his 
dissertation  shall  not  have  been  presented 
for  a  certificate  of  research.  The  Board 
may  appoint  referees  to  examine  the  dis- 
sertations,and  if  necessary  to  examine  the 
candidates,  orally  or  otherwise,  upon  the 
subjects  discussed  in  them  ;  and  may  take 
into  consideration  any  memoir  or  published 
work  which  the  candidate  may  desire  also 
to  submit.  Each  candidate  is  to  deposit 
a  copy  of  his  dissertation  in  the  Univer- 
sity Library  before  receiving  his  diploma. 
The  Board  has  the  powers  of  a  Degree 
Committee,  like  those  of  other  special  Boards. 
The  studies  under  its  direction  comprise 
prehistoric  and  historic  antliropology,  ethno- 
logy (including  sociology  and  comparative 
religion),  physical  anthropology,  and  psycho- 
logical antliropology. 

From  Man  we  also  learn  that  a  donation 
of  4,000?.  has  been  made  in  memory  of  the 
late  Mr.  Walter  K.  Foster,  by  members  of 
his  family,  to  tho  building  fund  for  the  new 
Museum  of  Archaeology  and  of  Ethnology 
at  Cambridge ;  and  that  a  donation  of 
100Z.  has  been  made  by  Dr.  Henry  Wilde 
to  the  University  of  Oxford  in  aid  of  the 
work  of  the  Committee  for  Antliropology. 


SOCIETIES. 


Astronomical. — March  13. — Mr.  Newall,  Pre- 
sident, in  the  chair. — Mr.  Knobel  read  a  paper  on 
a  suggested  explanation  of  the  Jewish  calendar 
dates  in  the  Aramaic  papyri  translated  by  Prof. 
Sayce  and  Mr.  A.  E.  Cowley.  The  papyri  are 
business  documents  relating  to  a  Hebrew  colony  in 
Syeno,  and  range  from  n.c.  471  to  410;  they  are 
dated  both  according  to  tho  Egyptian  and  the 
Jewish  reckoning,  and  are  thus  of  unique  im- 
portance for  the  elucidation  of  the  ancient  Jewish 
calendar,  as  the  Egyptian  j'ear  and  chronology  are 
well  understood  ;  but  very  little  has  hitherto  been 
known  with  regard  to  the  Jewish  calendar  previous 
to  its  reform  in  the  fourth  or  fifth  century  a.d. — 
Mr.  Maw  presented  a  series  of  measures  of  double 
stars,  made  in  1902-7,  and  explained  his  method 
of  obtaining  the  position  angle  of  a  bright  star  and 
faint  companion.  The  wire  was  set  near  the  bright 
star,  and  at  right  angles  to  a  line  joining  tho  two 
stars,  the  angle  being  found  quite  easy  to  estimate. 
— Prof.  Dyson  gave  an  account  of  investigations 


(in  the  distribution  Mid  notion!  of   tlie  slurs.      lb 

confirmed  the  oonoluaione  of  Prof.  Keptayn  and 
Mi.  Eddington  with  regard  to  the  two  drift 

stars,  and  lound   the  BUM   result  from  star.-,  m  tin; 

Southern  hemisphere.-  Pro!  Turner  read  a  paper 
by  Prof.  Barnard  on  the  variability  of  the  nucleus 
nt  the  planetary  nebula  N'.<  l.C.  76021  A  fine  draw- 
big  by  Prof,  Barnard  made  with  the  Ferkes  tele- 

scope  showed  the  nebula  as  a  broad  ring  with  a 
dark  space  in  the  centre,  in  which  was  a  ■  tarlike 
nucleus  that  appeared  decidedly  variable.  From 
Prof.  Barnard's  observations  Prof.  Turner  deduced 
a  period  of  about  27^  days. —  Mr.  Melotte  read  ■ 
paper,  communicated  by  the  Astronomer  Royal, 
on  a  faint  moving  object  near  Jupiter.  The  object 
bad  been  found  by  Mr.  Melotte  on  the  plates 
taken  for  Jupiter's  sixth  and  seventh  satellites  :  it 
is  not  yet  certain  whether  it  is  a  new  satellite  or  a 
minor  planet  moving  very  near  Jupiter,  but  in 
either  case  the  discovery  is  of  much  interest. — 
Prof.  Turner  read  a  paper  on  the  relative  number 
of  star-images  photographed  on  different  parts  of 
the  plates  for  the  Oxford  portion  of  the  Astro- 
graphic  Catalogue. —Mr.  Crommelin  read  a  paper, 
by  Mr.  Cowell  and  himself,  on  the  perturbations 
of  Halley's  comet,  1759-1910.  At  the  return  in 
1910  the  date  April  8th  now  appeared  the  most 
probable  for  the  perihelion  passage.  Another 
paper  by  the  same  authors  on  the  perturbations  of 
Halley's  comet  in  the  past  dealt  with  the  period 
1066  to  1301. 

Geological. — March  4.— Prof.  W.  J.  Sollas, 
President,  in  the  chair. — Mr.  D.  Bowen  and  Mr. 
D.  J.  Mahony  were  elected  Fellows. — The  follow- 
ing communications  were  read  :  '  On  Mttrio- 
rhynchus  brachyrhynchas,  Deslong. ,  from  the 
Oxford  Clay  near  Peterborough,'  by  Mr.  E.  Thur- 
low  Leeds, — and  '  The  High-Level  Platforms  of 
Bodmin  Moor,  and  their  Relation  to  the  Deposits 
of  Stream-Tin  and  Wolfram,'  by  Mr.  G.  Barrow. 


Asiatic. — March  10. — Sir  Raymond  West, 
Director,  in  the  chair. — Dr.  Grierson  read  a  paper 
'On  the  Modern  Hindu  Doctrine  of  Works.' 
Modern  Hinduism  is  based  not  on  the  Yedanta 
philosophy  of  the  pandits,  but  on  the  ancient 
monotheistic  Bhagavata  religion,  introduced  and 
spread  abroad,  not  by  Brahmans,  but  by  men  of 
other  castes  in  opposition  toBrahmanic  pantheism. 
Like  many  other  unorthodox  systems,  it  was 
absorbed  by  Brahmanism,  and  we  have  an  early 
account  of  it,  as  manipulated  by  the  priestly  caste, 
in  the  '  Bhagavad  Gita,.'  Further  developed  on 
the  same  lines  by  later  writers,  it  resulted  in  the 
Hindu  reformation  of  tho  fifteenth  century  a.d. 
The  essence  of  this  religion  is  the  belief  in  a  loving 
personal  God,  called  Bhagavat,  the  Holy  One, 
who  gives  salvation  to  those  who  are  filled  with 
bhakti,  or  loving  faith  in  him.  This  salvation  is 
not  extinction,  but  is  freedom  from  transmigration 
and  a  life  of  everlasting  bliss  at  the  feet  of  the 
Supreme.  Faith  being  the  sole  means  of  obtaining 
this  salvation,  the  question  arises  as  to  the  bearing 
that  works,  good  or  evil,  have  upon  the  soul's 
future  destiny.  The  subject  is  similar  to  that 
which  has  agitated  the  Western  Church  since  the 
earliest  days  of  Christianity,  and,  like  it,  is  mixed 
up  with  speculations  regarding  predestination. 
In  North  India  the  explanation  is  found  in  what 
Christians  call  "co-operative  grace" — the  soul 
must  reach  out  and  cling  to  the  Holy  One,  as  a 
young  monkey  clings  to  the  bosom  of  its  mother. 

To  illustrate  the  arguments,  Dr.  Grierson  read 
a  translation  of  two  sections  of  a  work  entitled  the 
'  Bhakta-kalpa-druma,'  in  whioh  the  whole  question 
is  discussed  at  length.  Works  are  of  two  kinds — 
interested  and  disinterested.  Interested  works, 
which  are  those  that  are  performed  for  some  object, 
can  gain  for  the  performer  only  a  temporary  alxxle 
in  one  of  the  lower  heavens,  after  which,  as  soon 
as  their  "  fruits"  are  exhausted,  he  must  return  to 
the  weary  round  of  transmigration.  Disinterested 
works  are  those  that  are  performed  purely  out  of 
love  for  tho  Holy  One,  and  that  are  laid  at  his  feet 
without  hope  or  expectation  of  reward.  They  put 
the  performer  into  a  state  of  grace.  The  Holy  One 
then  enters  his  devotee's  heart,  and  fills  it  with 
love  for  himself.  This  love  produces  faith,  and 
the  faith  ultimate-  salvation. 

Owing  to  the  fact  that  preaching  is  looked  upon 
as  the  most  important  of  all  disinterested  works, 
it  is  a  great  mistake  to  assume,  as  is  often  done, 
that  Hinduism  is  not  a  missionary  religion.     Every 


1 1  ue  hfJiorni   in  the  ikakti  cult  is,  nod  i 

a  mihhioii.il y.     But  ih'   •  iry  zeal  i- 

poonding  its  essential  tenets,  and  pel 

convert  to  retain  all  his  old  belied  and  practicea, 
Dg  a.-i  they  do  not  run  counter  to  the  gi 

principle  of  faith  in  a  mpreeBe  pi  i-onal  (iod. 
wide  is  this  toleration  that  the  textbooks  urge  a 
believer  I  mm  neighbour  to  ■tody  bin 

own     scripture*,    whether    they    be    thoM    ot     I 
believer  or  not. 

Going   back  to  the  origins,   we  see  that  it  is  to 
the  priestly  OMfaB  that   wc  owe  the  emphasis   '. 
upon  works  and  ceremonial,  while  it  is  the  laity, 
the    Kshattriyaa  and  Vaiahyae  of  ancient    I. 
who  first   laid   down    the   law    of  the  necessity  of 
devotion  and  faith  that  in  the  course  of  centuries 
has  developed  into  the  modern  Hindu  doctrii 
bhakh, 

A  discussion  followed,  in  which  Sir  Alfred  Lyall, 
Miss  Kidding,  Dr.  Gaster,  and  Mr.  Kennedy  took 
part. 

Society  or  Antioc abies. — March  12.— Sir  R.  R. 
Holmes,  Y.P.,  in  the  chair. — Mr  Thackeray 
Turner  read  a  paper  on  Conipton  Church,  But 
with  special  reference  to  the  late  twelfth-century 
vaulting  over  the  altar,  which  he  suggested  was 
inserted  for  some  purpose  in  connexion  with  the 
newly  established  cult  of  St.  Thomas  of  Canter- 
bury. Mr.  W.  Paley  Baildon  read  a  paper  on 
three  inventories  of  (1)  the  Earl  of  Huntingdon, 
1377  ;  (2)  Brother  John  Randolf,  1419  ;  and  (3) 
Sir  John  de  Boys,  1426. 


LiNNKAN. — March  5. — Lieut. -Col.  Prain,  V.P. 
in  the  chair. — The  Rev.  G.  H.  A.  Elrington,  lira. 
M.  S.  Farquharson,  Mr.  C.  F.  Ullathorne  Meek, 
and  Miss  Winifred  Smith  were  elected  Fellows. — 
Dr.  A.  T.  Masterman  exhibited  sj)ecimens  and 
lantern-slides  illustrating  a  possible  case  of  mimicry 
in  the  common  sole.  Prof.  A.  Dendy  and  Dr.  J. 
Murie  contributed  a  few  remarks. — Prof.  F.  EL 
Weiss  then  explained  his  views  '  On  the  Morpho- 
logy of  Stigmaria  and  of  its  Appendages  in  com- 
parison with  Recent  Lycopodiales,'  illustrating 
them  by  a  series  of  lantern-slides.  The  discussion 
which  followed  was  carried  on  by  Dr.  D.  H.  Scott, 
Prof.  A.  C.  Seward,  Prof.  F.  W.  Oliver,  and  Mr. 
W.  C.  Worsdell. 


Entomological. — March  4. — Mr.  C.  O.  Water- 
house,  President,  in  the  chair. — Major  E.  F. 
Beecher,  the  Rev.  K.  St.  Aubyn  Rogers,  and  Mr. 
Claude  Rippon  were  elected  Fellows.  The  decease 
of  Mr.  Herbert  Goss,  for  many  years  a  secretary  of 
the  Society,  was  announced. — Mr.  F.  B.  Jennings 
exhibited- (a)  A  specimen  of  the  weevil  Phytic- 
bins  maculicornis,  Germ.,  retaining  both  the 
"  false  *'  mandibles,  and  another  specimen  in  which 
one  mandible  is  intact,  both  from  Enfield  ;  also  a 
single  example  of  P.  urlica,  De  G.,  from  Ches- 
hunt,  retaining  one  of  these  mandibles,  the  par- 
ticular point  of  interest  in  connexion  with  the 
appendages  in  these  species  l>eing  that  they  are 
toothed  in  the  centre.  (6)  A  remarkable  speci- 
men of  the  common  Chrysomelid  beetle,  Sermyla 
halensis,  L.,  from  Deal,  showing  unusual  coloration 
of  the  elytra,  which  are  blue  and  coppery-red, 
instead  of  bright  green,  (c)  On  l>ehalf  of  Mr. 
C.  J.  Pool,  a  specimen  of  Otiorrhynchu*  ten- 
corns,  Herbst,  from  Newport,  I.W.,  and  of  Bary- 
not  us  obscunis,  F. ,  from  Galway,  in  the  first  of 
which  both  the  pupal  mandibles  were  toothed,  but 
not  in  the  second. — Mr.  H.  St.  J.  Donisthorpe 
brought  for  exhibition  Otio7-rhyiichus  sukatus, 
Pofydrusiis  strict  u*,  and  Onuw  hohtmanni  with 
pupal  mandibles.  The  Otiorrliynchus  was  dug  up 
in  its  pupal  cell  at  Oakham  in  189f>. — The  Rev.  G. 
Wheeler  showed  a  case  containing  specimens  of 
Melitaid  butterflies  taken  by  him  at  Reazzino  in 
Tessin,  near  Bellinzona,  which  he  had  identified 
with  Aaamann's  ileHtaa  aurtlia,  var.  britomartis, 
they  being  absolutely  identical  with  the  specimens 
so  labelled  in  the  Swiss  national  collections  at 
Berne.  The  close  affinity  with  M.  tlictynna  made 
separation  superficially  very  difficult,  and  until  all 
forms  were  reared  from  the  ovum  it  would  be  im- 
possible to  determine  whether  britomartis  con- 
stituted a  separate  species  or  not. — The  following 
papers  were  communicated  :  'Descriptions  of  New 
Species  of  Lepidoptera-Heterocera  from  the  South- 
East  of  Brazil,'  by  Mr.  H.  Dukinfield  Jones, — 
'  Erebia  lefebvrei  and  Lycania  pyrenaica,'  by  Dr. 
T.  A.  Chapman, — 'A  Contribution  to  the  Classi- 


No.  4195,  March  21,  1908 


THE    ATHENAEUM 


359 


fication  of  the  Coleopterous  Family  Dynastidae,'  by 
Mr.  Gilbert  J.  Arrow, — and  '  Hymenoptera-Acu- 
leata  collected  in  Algeria,  by  the  Rev.  A.  E.  Eaton 
and  the  Rev.  F.  D.  Morice  :  Part  III.,  Anthophila,' 
byj-Mr.  Edward  Saunders. 

Meteorological.—  March  11.— Dr.  H.  R.  Mill, 
President,  in  the  chair. — Dr.  G.  Hellmann,  the 
Director  of  the  Royal  Prussian  Meteorological 
Institute,  Berlin,  delivered  a  lecture  on  '  The 
Dawn  of  Meteorology,'  and  showed  how  some  of 
the  modern  weather  proverbs  could  be  traced  back 
to  Indo-Ger manic  and  Babylonian  sources.  The 
Greeks  were  the  first  to  make  meteorological 
observations,  and  had  parapegmata,  or  weather 
almanacs,  fixed  on  public  columns.  The  measure- 
ment of  rain  was  first  recorded  in  Palestine.  It 
was  the  Fathers  of  the  Church  who  kept  meteoro- 
logy alive,  for  in  their  works  on  the  Creation  they 
devoted  much  attention  to  the  atmosphere.  The 
resuscitation  of  experimental  science  in  the  thir- 
teenth century  led  to  the  development  of  regular 
meteorological  observations  in  the  fourteenth  cen- 
tury. The  earliest  known  record  in  this  country 
was  kept  by  the  Rev.  William  Merle  at  Oxford 
from  January,  1337,  to  January,  1344,  the  manu- 
script of  which  is  still  in  the  Bodleian  Library. 

Anthropological  Institute.— March  10. — Prof. 
W.  Ridgeway,  President,  in  the  chair.  The 
Chairman  read  a  paper  on  'The  Origin  of  the 
Crescent  as  a  Muhammadan  Badge,'  in  which  he 
demonstrated  that  the  crescent  badge  had  its  origin, 
not  in  the  new  moon,  as  generally  supposed,  but  in 
the  well-known  amulet  formed  of  a  claw  or  tusk. 
Two  in  course  of  time  were  placed  base  to  base, 
with  the  result  that  the  crescent  form  arose.  The 
two  tusks  are  joined  by  string  or  by  a  silver  plate, 
but  in  later  examples  the  amulet  is  carved  out  of 
one  piece  of  material  and  all  traces  of  the  joint  are 
lost,  except  that  in  some  eases  a  panel  of  ornament 
survives  to  mark  where  the  join  was  originally. 
Examples  were  exhibited  from  Turkey,  Greece, 
Africa,  and  New  Guinea,  and  Prof.  Ridgeway 
traced  the  amulet  back  as  far  as  the  date  of  the 
sanctuary  of  Artemis  Orthia  at  Sparta,  where  an 
example  was  discovered  in  the  recent  excavations. 
The  crescent  seen  on  modern  English  horse- 
trappings  was  also  shown  to  have  originated  in  this 
amulet. 

Mr.  A.  L.  Lewis  read  a  paper  on  '  Some  Mega- 
lithic  Remains  in  Central  France,'  dealing  princi- 
pally with  monuments  in  the  neighbourhood  of 
Autun,  including  the  dolmen  at  La  Rochefort  and 
the  standing  stones  at  St.  Pantaleon.  With  these 
last  he  compared  other  lines  of  stones  at  Carnac, 
Gezer,  Dartmoor,  and  in  the  Khasi  Hills.  He  also 
dealt  with  the  two  types  of  circle  in  Scotland,  and 
showed  that  they  had  each  a  definite  locality,  those 
witli  recumbent  stones  being  found  only  around 
Aberdeen,  while  those  with  great  chambered 
cairns  in  the  middle  occur  round  Inverness.  He 
was  of  opinion  that  the  two  types  of  circle  were 
contemporary,  and  that  the  differences  were  solely 
due  to  local  influences. 


Society  of  Biblical  Arch.eolooy.— March  11. 
— Mr.  W.  Morrison  in  the  chair.— A  paper  was 
read  by  the  Rev.  F.  A.  Jones  on  '  The 
Ancient  Year  and  the  Sothic  Cycle.'  Tracing 
the  development  of  the  idea  of  the  year  from 
that  of  354  days,  or  12  lunations,  and  355 
days,  or  13  sidereal  revolutions,  to  the  solar 
year  of  365  or  366  days,  the  author  dwelt  at 
some  length  on  the  period  of  360  days  which 
formed  the  basis  of  the  Babylonian  calendar,  and 
is  recognized  in  the  Apocalyptic  writings  of  Daniel 
and  St.  John.  This,  he  contended,  was  not  a  mere 
approximation,  but  embodied  some  remarkable 
relationships  to  the  tropical  and  sidereal  years,  and 
was  also  possibly  used  as  a  vague  year  to  ascertain 
more  accurately  the  true  length  of  these  natural 
periods,  which  are  separated  by  almost  exactly 
5  days  in  360  tropical  years.  Applying  this 
suggestion  to  the  chronology  of  Uerosoa,  the 
author  showed  that  his  extended  figurea  for  the 
earliest  pel  ifxls  were  dayi  symbolical  of  years,  and 
that,  bo  interpreted,  his  chronology  <>f  the  world's 
history  was  very  nearly  identical  with  that  of 
Ussher.  The;  Nabonidtu  inscription  of  3,200 
years,  part  of  which  fell  within  the  "day" 
period,  would  on  this  principle  represent  a  little 
more  than  1,700 years,  and  if  so  woidd  reduce  the 
usually  accepted  date  f(ir  Nnram  Sin  by  about 
1,500  years. 


A  study  of  the  vague  year  of  the  Egyptians  led 
to  an  examination  of  that  indicated  by  the  heliacal 
rising  of  Sirius,  which  was  used  side  by  side  with 
it,  and  a  diagram  was  exhibited  showing  the  wide 
variation  in  its  length  through  the  whole  pre- 
cessional  cycle  of  about  25,920  years.  A  method 
of  examining  these  precessional  phenomena  by 
means  of  an  ordinary  globe  was  demonstrated, 
with  rules  for  roughly  reducing  right  ascension 
and  declination  to  celestial  longitude  and  latitude. 
The  paper  concluded  with  an  application  of  the 
phenomenon  of  precession  to  demonstrate  the  age 
of  the  Great  Pyramid,  showing  that  the  choice 
between  b.c.  2170  and  B.C.  3400  or  thereabouts 
was  determined  by  the  construction  of  the  Pyramid 
itself,  which  by  the  peculiar  eccentricity  of  the 
passages  indicated  b.c  2170  as  the  date  which  it 
was  intended  to  embody. 

Mathematical.—  March  12. — Prof.  W.  Bum- 
side,  President,  in  the  chair — Messrs.  P.  E.  Mar- 
rack  and  D.  K.  Picken  were  elected  Members. — 
The  following  papers  were  communicated  :  '  On 
the  Projective  Geometry  of  some  Covariants  of  a 
Binary  Quintic,'  by  Prof.  E.  B.  Elliott,— '  The 
Operational  Expression  of  Taylor's  Theorem,'  by 
Dr.  W.  F.  Sheppard,— 'On  a  Formula  for  the  Sum 
of  a  Finite  Number  of  Terms  of  the  Hypergeo- 
metric  Series  when  the  Fourth  Element  is  Unity,' 
by  Prof.  M.  J.  M.  Hill,—'  On  the  Inequalities  con- 
necting the  Double  and  Repeated  Upper  and  Lower 
Integrals  of  a  Function  of  Two  Variables,'  by  Dr. 
W.  H.  Young,— and  'Note  on  a  Soluble  Dynamical 
Problem,'  by  Prof.  L.  J.  Rogers. 

Hellenic—  March  10.— Mr.  A.  H.  Smith,  V.P., 
in  the  chair. — Miss  Gertrude  Lowthian  Bell  read  an 
illustrated  paper  on  '  The  Early  Christian  Archi- 
tecture of  the  Karadagh.'  The  interest  of  this 
paper  was  exceptional,  in  that  it  presented  not 
only  original  work  in  the  sphere  of  exploration  and 
excavation  by  Sir  William  Ramsay  and  Miss  Bell, 
but  also  work  that  forms  part  of  a  movement  that 
has  been  making  headway  during  the  past  decade 
on  the  Continent,  without  exciting  a  corresponding 
interest  in  England.  In  brief,  the  spell  of  the  im- 
memorial East  has  fallen  on  the  school  of  which 
perhaps  Prof.  Strzygowski  is  the  chief  exponent ; 
and  he  and  those  working  on  his  lines  are  inclined 
not  only  to  deny  that  Rome  was  the  channel  by 
which  Hellenic  pre-Christian  ideas  reached  the 
Middle  Ages,  hut  also,  while  admitting  the  per- 
manency and  importance  of  those  ideas,  to  mini- 
mize their  powers  of  cogent  assimilation  over  the 
nearer  East. 

In  pursuance  of  this  idea  that  we  should  seek  in 
Anatolia  not  the  story  of  the  conquest  of  barbarism 
by  Hellas,  but  the  interpenetration  of  Hellenic  and 
Oriental  civilizations  in  which  the  East  proved  the 
more  abiding  factor,  Miss  Bell  sketched  what  she 
termed  the  indigenous  Christian  architecture  of 
the  Karadagh  mountains.  The  remains,  hitherto 
unknown,  are  enhanced  by  their  good  preservation, 
and  magnificent,  if  sombre  natural  surroundings. 
Differences  of  constructional  method  and  of  type 
appear  in  regions  close  together.  Such  differences, 
as  Mr.  Phen6  Spiers  pointed  out  in  the  subsequent 
discussion,  arise  more  naturally  where  the  builder 
is  left  to  find  his  own  way  to  overcome  difficulties 
on  the  spot,  than  when,  as  now,  before  the  first 
sod  is  cut,  the  whole  building  is  elaborately  set  out 
on  paper  by  the  architect.  The  main  types  of  the 
Karadagh, as  illustrated  from  Binbirkilisse,  Sarigiil, 
Hayyat  Kilisra,  and  Sivri  Hissar  (the  last-named 
church  is  in  admirable  preservation),  were  the 
basilica,  the  "  barn  church,"  and  the  cruciform  in 
its  various  developments.  The  T-shaped  cruci- 
form church  was  in  all  probability  a  survival 
in  plan  of  such  Eastern  rock-tombs  as  that  at 
Palmyra,  an  exhaustive  account  of  which  forms 
the  first  section  of  Dr.  Strzygowskfs  '  Orient  oder 
Rom.'  The  use  of  burnt  as  opposed  to  adobe  brick, 
the  peculiar  thickness  of  the  mortar,  and  certain 
peculiarities  in  the  treatment  of  the  niche  were 
probably  Asian  characteristics. 

In  the  discussion  which  followed  Mr.  (!.  F.  Hill, 
in  expressing  regret  on  die  part  of  Sir  William 
Ramsay  at  his  inability  to  be  present,  read  a  letter 
from  him  emphasizing  the  e\elusively ecclesiastical 
character  of   the  remains   in    the   Karadagh.      "  I 

could  only,"  he  wrote,  "  from  my  poinl  of  view  as 
historian,  urge  that  the  Byzantine  Church  was  tlie 
soul  of  the  Byzantine  Empire,  and  the  bond  that 

held  the  Empire  together I  have   often   empha- 

sized  this  in  regard  to   modern   facts,    but  I  never 


fully  realized  its  overpowering  significance  in 
Byzantine  history  till  I  saw  it  expressed  in  stone  in 
the  Thousand  and  One  Churches.  The  only 
Byzantine  art  is  the  art  of  the  churches,  in  which 
this  unity  was  built  up  in  walls,  and  emblazoned  in 
painted  plaster  and  in  mosaic.  But  how  dignified 
and  how  eternal  in  their  aspect  are  those 
churches,  the  creation  of  one  remote  fifth-rate 
country  town  ! " 

Messrs.  Phene  Spiers,  0.  M.  Dalton,  G.  Lethaby, 
and  H.  Stannus,  and  Mrs.  Cozens-Hardy,  also  took 
part  in  the  discussion. 


Mon. 


Til 


meetings  next  week. 

Society  of  Arts,  8.—'  Fuel  and  its  Future,'  Lecture  III.,  Prof. 
V.B.Lewes.     iCantor  Lecture.) 

Sociological.  8.— -  Magic.'  Principal  Jevons. 

Geographic-iil,  8  30.— 'Geographical  Conditions  affecting  the 
British  Empire:  I.  British  Islands.'  Mr.  H.  J.  Mackiuder. 

Jewish  Historical.  8.39— 'MS.  Side-Lights  on  Anglo-.Tewish 
Emancipation.'  Mr.  M.  Myers ;  '  A  Supposed  Jewish  Con- 
spiracy in  1763.'  Rev.  S.  Levy. 

Royal  Institution.  3.— 'The  Egyptian  Sudan:  its  History, 
Monuments,  and  Peoples,  Past  and  Present,'  Lecture  I., 
Dr.  E.  A.  Wallis  Budge. 

—  Colonial  Institute.  4.30.  —  '  British  Guiana  and  its  Develop- 

ment,' Mr.  E.  R.  Davson. 

—  Society  of  Arts,  4  30.—'  The  Mineral  Resources  of   Western 

Australia,'  Hon.  C.  H.  Rason.    (Colonial  Section.) 

—  Faraday,  8.— 'Some  Aspects  of  the  Work  of  Lord  Kelvin,'  Sir 

Oliver  Lodge's  Presidential  Address. 

—  Institution  of  Civil  Engineers,  8.— 'The   Curzon    Bridge   at 

Allahabad.'  Mr.  R.  R.  Gales  ;  'The  Netravati  Bridge  at  Man- 
galore.'  Mr.  A.  Scott  Napier. 

—  Anthropological     Institute.    8.15.  — 'Sinhalese     Magic,     with 

Especial  Reference  to  Charming  Ceremonies  and  Amulets,' 
Dr.  W.  L.  Hildburgh. 
Wed.     British  Numismatic,  s.— 'Artistic  Portraiture  of  our  Tudor 
Monarchs  on  their  Coins  and  Medals."  Miss  Helen  Farquhar. 

—  Society  of    Arts,  8.— 'Recent   Improvements   in    DecoratoiB' 
Materials,'  Mr.  A.  S.  Jennings. 

Royal  Institution,  3.—' Standardization  in  Various  Aspects: 
II.  Electrical  Engineering,'  Dr.  R.  T.  Glazebrook. 

Royal.  4.30. 

Society  of  Arts.  8.— 'The  Navigation  of  the  Air.'  Lecture II., 
Dr.  H.  S.  Hele-Shaw.    (Howard  Lecture.) 

Society  of  Antiquaries,  8.30.— '  An  Early  Relief  of  the  Cruci- 
fixion in  Stepney  Parish  Church.'  'A  Norman  Rood  at 
Barking,'  'Two  Gilt-Metal  Panels  of  the  Crucifixion  and 
St  Paul  of  French  Work  circa  1300.'  and  '  Oriental  Relations 
of  the  Christian-Celtic  Key-pattern,'  Mr.  O.  M.  Dalton  ; 
'Some  Early  Christian  and  Byzantine  Objects  in  the  British 
and  the  Victoria  and  Albert  Museums.'  Mr.  W.  R.  Lethaby. 

Physical,  5.— 'Notes  on  the  PlugPermeameter,'  '  On  the  Use  of 
Shunts  and  Transformers  with  Alternate-Current  Measur- 
ing Instruments.'  and  '  On  Wattmeters,'  Dr.  C.  V.  Drysdale. 

Institution  of  Mechanical  Bngineers.  8.  —  *  Combustion 
Processes  in  English  Locomotive  Fireboxes,'  Dr.  F.  J. 
Brislee ;  '  Combustion  Processes  in  American  Locomotive 
Fireboxes.'  Mr.  Lawford  H  Fry. 

Geographical.  8.30.— 'A  Canoe  Journey  to  the  Plains  of  the 
Caribou.'  Mr.  E.  Thompson  Seton. 

Royal  Institution,  9.— 'Radio-Active  Change  in  the  Earth,' 
Hon.  R.  J.  Strutt. 

Royal  Institution,  3.—'  Electric  Discharges  through  Gases.' 
Lecture  IV.,  Prof.  J.  J.  Thomson. 


Turns. 


I '  i .- 1 


Sat, 


%timtt  Cinssip. 

Next  Friday  evening  the  Royal  Geographi- 
cal Society  will  hold  an  extra  meeting  at  the 
Theatre,  Burlington  Gardens,  at  which  the 
paper  will  be  '  A  Canoe  Journey  to  the  Plains 
of  the  Caribou,'  by  Mr.  Ernest  Thompson 
Seton,  the  well-known  writer  on  natural 
history. 

The  first  number  is  to  appear  this  month 
from  the  Cambridge  University  Press  of 
Parasitology:  a  Supplement  to  the  Journal  of 
Hygiene,  edited  by  Dr.  G.  H.  F.  Nuttall  and 
Mr.  A.  E.  Shipley.  It  is  felt  that  the 
modern  and  far-reaching  study  of  parasites 
"  in  relation  to  hygiene  and  preventive 
medicine  "  justifies  a  separate  journal. 

Prof,  von  Braunmtjller,  whose  death 
in  his  fifty-fifth  year  is  announced  from 
Munich,  was  Professor  of  Mathematics 
at  the  Technical  Academy  in  that  town, 
and  the  author  of  a  number  of  scientific 
works. 

Pbof.  Boh  lin,  Director  of  the  Stockholm 
Observatory,  has  mado  an  elaborate  attempt 
to  investigate  the  parallax  of  the  great 
nebula  in  Andromeda  from  two  Beriee  of 
photographs,  the  first  obtained  in  1902  I. 
and  the  second  in  1004-5.  The  result  at 
which  ho  has  arrived  is  a  parallax  of  0*17, 
somowhat  loss  than  half  those  of  Sirius  and 
61  Cygni,  so  that,  if  confirmed,  tlio  distai  e 
of  the  nebula  is  about  twico  that  of  those 
stars. 

The  next  meeting  of  the  Astronomische 
Gesellschaft  will  l>o  held  at  Vienna  from 
the  15th  to  the  L8th  of  September.  The 
President  will  l>o  Prof,  von  Seeliger,  Director 
of    tho    Munich    Observatory;     and     the 


360 


THE     ATHENiEU  M 


No.  4195,  March  21,  1908 


Si  crotaries,  Horren  R.  Lehmann-Filh6s  and 
G.  Miiller. 

The  Nautical  Almanac  for  1911  has 
recently  been  issued,  together  with  the 
customary  Part  I.,  containing  tho  portions 
which  are  essentia]  for  navigation.  The 
contents  nnd  arrangement  are  the  same 
generally  as  in  the  procoding  year,  and  no 
important  change  appears  to  have  boon 
niado  in  any  of  the  data.  There  will  bo 
two  eclipses  of  the  sun  in  1911,  and  two 
(both  only  penumbral)  of  the  moon.  Of 
those  of  the  sun,  the  first,  on  the  28th  of 
April,  will  be  total,  but  the  central  lino  will, 
like  that  of  last  January,  be  confined  to 
the  Pacific  Ocean.  The  sun,  however, 
will  rise  almost  totally  oclipsod  in  South- 
East  ern  Australia,  and  will  set  so  in  Contral 
America.  The  second,  on  the  21st  of 
October,  will  be  annular.  The  central  line 
mil  pass  from  Central  Asia,  through  the 
south  of  China,  to  New  Guinea  ;  and  at 
Hong  Kong  about  0-83  of  the  sun's  diameter 
will  bo  covered. 

The  second  number  of  vol.  xxxvii.  of  the 
Memoric  della  Societa  deqli  Spettroscopisti 
Italiani,  just  received,  contains  a  paper  by 
Father  Fenyi  on  the  observations  of  the 
lower  prominences  in  the  sun's  chromo- 
sphere ;  another  by  Signor  Viaro  on  the 
transit  of  Mercury  on  November  14th; 
and  a  continuation  of  the  diagrams  of  the 
spectroscopical  images  of  the  sun's  limb 
as  observed  at  Rome  by  the  late  Prof. 
Tacchini  and  Prof.  Millosevich  during  July, 
August,  and  September,  1881. 

Next  week  we  shall  pay  special  attention 
to  Scientific  Literature. 


FINE   ARTS 


The    Burial    Customs   of    Ancient    Egypt. 
By  John  Garstang.     (Constable  &  Co.) 

This  book  is  not — as  we  expected  from 
its  title— a  dissertation  on  Egyptian  fune- 
ral customs  generahV,  but  an  account 
of  Prof.  Garstang's  own  excavations  at 
8eni  Hassan  during  the  years  1902-4. 
As  the  tombs  there  laid  bare  all  belonged 
to  the  period  extending  from  the  close 
of  the  Sixth  Dynasty  to  about  the  middle 
of  the  Twelfth,  the  popular  beliefs  which 
they  disclose  are  mostly  those  of  the 
Middle  Empire,  and  the  author  makes 
no  attempt  to  compare  them  with  those 
current  at  the  outset  of  Egyptian  history 
or  during  the  post-Hyksos  period.  We 
must  say  that  we  feel  some  disappoint- 
ment at  this  limitation.  Not  only  was 
the  life  after  death  of  such  importance 
to  the  ancient  Egyptian  as  completely 
to  overshadow  for  him  in  many  instances 
the  affairs  of  this  world  ;  but,  in  the 
absence  of  anything  resembling  popular 
literature,  the  provision  that  he  made 
for  it  is  almost  the  only  clue  we  possess 
to  his  religious  ideals  and  aspirations. 
Yet  most  Egyptologists  have  left  the 
subject  of  the  "  eternal  house  "  of  the 
Egyptians  almost  untouched.  The  en- 
cyclopaedic labours  of  M.  Maspero  have 
dealt  with  it  only  so  far  as  it  is  exemplified 
in  the  burials  of  great  kings  and  princes, 
whose  lot,  in  death  as  in  life,  was  supposed 
by  their  contemporaries  to  differ  vastly 
from  that  of  their  subjects.  Prof.  Erman 
has  preferred  the  more  entrancing  study 
of  words  and  roots.     M.  Amelineau  has, 


indeed,  written  a  large  volume  on  the 
subject  ;  but  he  is  apt  to  be  diffuse  and 
his  information  inexact.  Hence  we  should 
have  been  glad  to  hear  what  one  of  the 
most  experienced,  and  certainly  the  most 
successful,  of  the  younger  school  of  English 
explorers  in  Egypt  had  to  say  on  the 
evolution  of  the  many  strange  funeral 
customs  observed  during  the  five  millennia 
or  so  that  the  Pharaohs  ruled  in  the  Nile 
Valley.  Let  us  hope  it  is  only  a  pleasure 
deferred. 

This  apart,  Prof.  Garstang's  book  is 
interesting  as  well  as  instructive.  The 
necropolis  at  Beni  Hassan  was  explored 
fifteen  or  sixteen  years  ago  by  Prof. 
Garstang's  colleague  Prof.  Newberry,  who 
published  the  details  of  the  richer  tombs 
there  found  in  a  fashion  not  to  be  sur- 
passed. But  Prof.  Garstang's  recent  ex- 
cavations have  revealed  a  series  of  some 
nine  hundred  tombs  of  courtiers  and 
officials  of  less  rank  than  the  great 
nomarchs  whose  tombs  decorate  the  pages 
of  '  Beni  Hassan '  and  'El  Bersheh,' 
and  should  therefore  be  better  evidence 
than  the  latter  for  the  creed  of  the  common 
people.  Yet  there  are  many  problems 
connected  with  these  burials  which  Prof. 
Garstang,  like  other  Egyptologists,  has 
to  be  content  to  state  without  suggesting 
a  solution.  Why,  for  instance,  should 
there  be  no  graves  of  artisans,  labourers, 
or  what  is  now  called  the  proletariat 
among  those  here  depicted  ?  Why  should 
the  necropolis,  which  seems  to  have  been 
used  continuously  from  the  time  of  the 
earliest  or  Thinite  dynasties  down  to  the 
end  of  the  Twelfth,  have  then  been 
suddenly  abandoned,  and  not  used  again 
until  the  time  of  the  Twentieth  Dynasty, 
a  thousand  years  later  ?  Or  why  is  it 
that  the  shrines  or  mortuary  chapels, 
which  in  the  richer  tombs  appear  above 
the  subterranean  chamber  in  which  the 
corpse  Mas  laid,  are  missing  from  the 
humbler  burials  %  Some  answer  to  these 
questions  may  be  suggested  later. 

One  of  the  most  curious  of  Prof.  Gar- 
stang's discoveries  on  this  site  was  that 
of  the  survival  into  much  later  times 
than  would  formerly  have  been  thought 
possible  of  a  very  primitive  form  of 
burial.  In  a  different  part  of  the  cemetery 
from  the  tombs  of  officials  just  mentioned 
were  found  burials  under  or  in 
pots  or  square  wooden  coffins  just 
big  enough  to  hold  the  body  in  the 
"  contracted "  or  huddled-up  position 
common  in  predynastic  times  ;  and  in 
these  cases  the  bodies  were  not  mummified, 
but  each  limb  was  separately  wrapped 
in  linen.  Prof.  Garstang  is  probably 
right  in  attributing  these  to  a  transitional 
period  between  the  Third  and  the  Sixth 
Dynasties,  during  which  the  older  custom 
still  survived.  Nor  even  under  the  Middle 
Empire  was  any  trace  found  by  him  of 
mummification  or  embalming  by  the 
elaborate  process  described  by  Herodotus. 
The  flesh  was  preserved  by  some  process 
similar  to  that  employed  for  the  great 
prehistoric  corpse  displayed  in  the  First 
Egyptian  Room  of  the  British  Museum, 
but  in  a  dried  and  sliri veiled  condition. 
Nor  does  there  seem,  according  to  him, 


to  have  been  any  gap  in  the  continuity 
of  the  local  customs  between  the  close 
of  the  Sixth  Dynasty  and  the  Eleventh 
and  Twelfth.  He  draws  from  this  the 
conclusion  that  the  intervening  dynasties 
may  have  been  contemporaneous  with 
one  another — a  conclusion  which  would 
materially  lower  the  extreme  antiquity 
which  we  are  accustomed  to  attribute 
to  the  pre- Pyramid  reigns.  But,  however 
this  may  be,  the  customs  with  regard  to 
burials  were  continuous,  and  the  ways 
of  the  Twelfth  Dynasty  people  in  this 
respect  seem  to  have  evolved  regularly 
and  without  break  from  those  of  the 
earliest  dynastic  times. 

In  these  circumstances  it  is  interesting 
to  notice  the  common  features  of  the 
Middle  Empire  burials  recorded  by  Prof. 
Garstang,  and  the  first  thing  that  strikes 
one  in  them  is  their  extremely  conven- 
tional character.  He  suggests,  indeed, 
with  great  show  of  reason,  that  all  the 
rock-tombs  were  the  work  of  some 
speculator  or  concessionaire  who  first 
hollowed  them  out  at  his  own  expense 
and  afterwards  ceded  them  to  the  relatives 
of  any  one  rich  enough  to  pay  his  price. 
He  also  suggests  that  all  the  necessary 
furniture  of  the  tomb,  including  inscrip- 
tions on  coffins  and  the  like,  was  kept 
in  stock  and  sold  in  the  same  way,  the 
name  of  the  dead  being  added  afterwards 
in  ink,  or  sometimes  from  carelessness 
left  blank  altogether.  So,  too,  the  figure 
of  the  ha  or  double  of  the  deceased  which 
was  placed  beside  the  coffin  was  in  Old 
Empire  times  a  real  portrait  of  the  dead, 
but  had  now  degenerated  into  a  rude 
representation  of  the  human  figure,  with- 
out any  special  reference  to  the  person 
for  whom  it  was  to  serve  ;  and  the  same 
thing  may  be  said  of  the  cartonnage  mask 
which  decorated  the  inner  coffin,  and 
which  was  only  in  special  cases  moulded 
so  as  to  recall  the  features  of  the  dead. 
Another  instance  can  be  found  in  the 
square  wooden  box  with  four  divisions 
made  to  contain  the  viscera,  and  evidently 
the  primitive  type  from  which  the  well- 
known  "  canopic  "  jars  afterwards  evolved. 
This  appears  in  some  instances  never 
to  have  contained  any  human  remains, 
but  to  have  held  mere  bundles  of  linen 
fashioned  to  look  like  them  by  the  un- 
scrupulous undertaker.  Nor  did  his  dis- 
honesty end  there.  In  some  instances 
Mr.  Garstang  found  a  false  panel  made 
in  the  coffin  near  the  head,  so  painted 
as  to  remain  unnoticed  by  the  mourners, 
through  which  a  tomb-robber  could  insert 
his  hand  and  remove  the  jewellery  and 
other  valuable  objects  buried  with  the 
corpse.  Commercialism,  even  at  the 
present  day,  could  hardly  be  pushed 
further. 

From  these  facts  we  should  be  inclined 
to  draw  a  conclusion  which  may  at  present 
seem  premature  to  Prof.  Garstang,  but 
to  which  he  may  perhaps  come  in  time. 
This  is  that  under  the  Middle  Empire 
the  religious  beliefs  which  the  Egyptians 
had  inherited,  as  it  would  seem,  from  their 
predynastic  ancestors  had  already  de- 
cayed, and  had  been  replaced  by  what 
generally  springs  from  an  outworn  creed, 


No.  4195,  March  21,  1908 


THE    ATHENAEUM 


361 


viz.,  magic.  The  really  distinctive  feature 
of  the  tombs  excavated  by  Prof.  Garstang 
on  this  site  is  the  great  quantity  of  wooden 
models  they  contain  of  everything  required 
for  the  comfort  of  the  dead  in  the  next 
world.  Boats,  granaries,  bakeries,  brew- 
houses,  and  slaughter-houses  together 
with  their  necessary  attendants,  slaves, 
scribes,  market-women,  and  even  dwarfs, 
all  appear  in  profusion,  modelled  with  a 
care  and  a  delicacy  which  contrast  most 
favourably  with  the  scamped  work  of 
the  undertaker.  But  all  these  objects 
were  made  less  with  a  religious  than 
a  magical  intention.  True  to  the  wide- 
spread belief  which  is  sometimes  called 
"  sympathetic  "  magic,  the  Egyptian  of 
the  Middle  Empire  thought  that  the 
accurate  fashioning  of  material  objects 
in  this  world  would  cause  their  prototypes 
to  be  reproduced  in  the  next,  and,  like 
the  slaves  sometimes  slaughtered  at  the 
grave  of  a  savage  chief,  would  enable 
the  dead  to  find  beyond  the  tomb  the 
services  which  in  life  he  had  been  accus- 
tomed to  enjoy.  Probably,  too,  this 
substitution  of  magical  for  religious  prac- 
tice owed  something  to  the  more  general 
distribution  of  wealth  which  followed 
on  the  heels  of  the  material  prosperity 
of  Egypt  in  the  time  of  the  Amenemhats 
and  the  Usertesens.  The  king  in  Pyramid 
times  could  be  depicted  as  living  among 
— and  even  upon — the  gods,  partaking 
of  their  sacrifices,  and,  extraordinary  as 
it  may  seem,  eating  their  entrails.  But 
then  the  king  was  always  in  Egypt  a  god, 
after  death  as  in  life,  and  hence  of  a 
different  clay  from  his  subjects.  But 
when  the  great  army  of  functionaries 
subordinate  to  him  began  to  grow  rich 
on  the  proceeds  of  foreign  conquest, 
there  seems  reason  to  think  that  they 
wished  to  share  his  privileges  in  the  next 
world,  and  that,  to  effect  this,  they  turned 
to  magic,  or  the  compulsion  of  the  unseen 
world,  to  give  them  the  hope  that  religion 
or  its  propitiation  did  not  give.  It  is 
at  any  rate  certain  that — as  the  inscribed 
ivory  wands  and  other  relics  show 
—the  "Golden  Age"  of  the  Twelfth 
Dynasty  in  Egypt  was  also  the  heyday 
•of  magic,  and  the  fact  is  probably  not 
without  influence  on  the  outbreak,  a 
thousand  years  later,  of  the  extraordinary 
collection  of  beliefs  and  practices  which 
we  class  together  as  Gnosticism. 

It  remains  to  be  said  that  Prof.  Gar- 
stang's  book  is  abundantly  illustrated 
with  photographs,  plans,  and  drawings 
taken  on  the  spot,  and  that  the  measure- 
ments of  most  of  the  objects  depicted 
:are  carefully  noted.  It  is  also  clearly 
written  and  well  printed,  and  we  have 
detected  very  few  misprints,  such  as 
the  spelling  of  a  proper  name  as  "  Thena  " 
on  one  page  and  "  Thenna  "  on  another. 
Altogether,  this  volume  shows  that  its 
author  is  pursuing  really  "  scientific " 
methods  in  archaeology,  and,  as  with  his 
•earlier  volumes  on  the  tombs  at  Reqaqneh, 
Mahasna,  and  Bet  Khallaf,  is  devoting 
his  energies  to  the  elucidation  of  an  ex- 
tremely important  part  of  ancient  Egyp- 
tian beliefs  rather  than  to  the  mere 
.acquisition    of    material    for    exhibition 


in  a  museum.  If  this  is  taken  in  conjunc- 
tion with  Prof.  Newberry's  good  work 
in  Egyptology,  it  looks  as  if  our  younger 
universities  bid  fair  to  surpass  in  useful 
research  some  of  the  older  foundations. 


THE    SPRING    EXHIBITION    AT    THE 
WHITECHAPEL     ART     GALLERY. 

In  bringing  together  a  collection  of  copies 
by  painters  of  acknowledged  power,  the 
directors  of  this  gallery  have  had  another 
of  their  many  happy  ideas.  The  present 
exhibition  shows  that  the  mere  fact  of 
a  picture  being  a  copy  of  another  man's 
work  need  not  bar  it  from  possessing 
freshness  and  essential  originality,  and 
the  collecting  of  copies  would  be  intelli- 
gent if  we  were  content  to  ask  of  the  artist, 
not  the  impossibility  of  facsimile,  but  a 
rendering  of  what  he  himself  saw  in  the 
original.  Often  in  youth  art  is  more  imme- 
diately inspiring  than  nature — indeed,  we 
sometimes  find  an  instance  (as  that  of  Mr. 
Conder  with  Watteau)  of  a  painter  to  whom 
the  first  contact  with  a  master  was  so  much 
the  most  exciting  tiling  that  ever  happened 
to  him  that  he  has  gone  on  celebrating  it 
ever  since.  As  a  rule,  a  painter  of  marked 
individuality  sees  in  a  master  his  own  as 
yet  undeveloped  self,  and  can  sometimes 
express  certain  sides  of  his  own  character, 
with  peculiar  ease  in  such  circumstances. 
Thus  Etty's  version  of  Venetian  colour 
as  shown  here  in  the  Apotheosis  of  Venice 
of  Veronese  (173)  is  thoroughly  characteristic 
of  Ettj\  but  with  an  added  fairness  of  tone. 
Mr.  Lavery  sees  in  Velasquez's  Mariana  of 
Austria  (98)  his  own  skill  in  planning  a 
scale  of  nicely  related  tones  of  colour,  but 
carried  to  an  unusual  pitch  of  excellence. 
Mr.  Sargent  is  more  occupied  with  the  charac- 
ter and  modelling  in  the  same  master's 
work,  and  his  versions  of  Las  Meninas 
(97)  and  El  Bobo  di  Coria  (99),  though  they 
are  both  excellent,  the  latter  in  particular, 
surprise  one  with  the  blackness  of  their 
colour.  It  is  interesting  to  compare  them 
with  Phillip's  fine  rendering  (88)  of  the 
central  group  in  Las  Meninas  from  the 
Diploma  Gallery  at  the  Royal  Academy — 
a  work  admirable  in  its  recasting  of  the 
subject  for  the  purpose  of  such  fragmentary 
rendering.  Pineda's  Surrender  of  Breda 
(105)  is  more  concerned  with  the  ease  and 
swagger  of  the  great  Spaniard  ;  while  there 
are  creditable  smaller  studies  of  Ins  works 
by  Miss  Ethel  Walker  (93)  and  Mr.  Alexander 
Roche  (101  and  103).  Most  surprising  of 
all  these  copies  of  Velasquez  is  the  charming 
and  brilliant  Las  Hilanderas  (78)  by  Edwin 
Long.  Unequal  in  its  parts,  it  yet  seems 
so  far  beyond  such  a  hand  that  it  makes 
one  wonder  if  alternative  personalities  do 
not  lie  liid  even  in  the  poor  painter,  only 
waiting  a  better  influence  to  call  them  forth. 

It  is  tempting  to  speculate  on  the  result 
of  the  clash  between  tins  and  that  great 
mind.  Had  Watts  carried  his  admiration 
of  Hogarth  to  the  extent  of  copying  liim, 
for  examplo,  what  would  have  resulted  ? 
Such  speculations  might  readily  become 
humorous  when  one  thinks  of  the  ill-assorted 
couples  that  might  bo  produced  by  a  too 
enterprising  patron,  and  at  first  sight  it 
seems  that  no  more  comical  juxtaposition 
could  be  imagined  than  that  of  Sir  Lawrence 
Alma  Tadoma  copying  Rubons.  Yot  this  is 
what  we  see  in  The  Trinity  (86),  and  the  result 
is  rather  good.  Fantin-Latour  and  Rem- 
brandt sounds  a  more  sympathetic  combina- 
tion, and  the  Portrait  of  Rembrandt  (50), 
if  a  little  too  low  in  tone  to  promise  well 
for  the  future,  is  a  nobly  serious  study  worthy 


of  the  original.  In  slighter  vein  are  Fantin 
Latour's  two  delicate  sketches  after  Veronese 
(146  and  150),  full  of  mystery  and  delicacy  ; 
while  his  Holy  Family  after  Cariani  (143) 
is  only  a  little  less  subtle.  Rembrandt 
clearly  is  the  painter  to  whom  he  was 
most  akin.  Veronese's  large  compositions 
were  rather  raw  material  for  his  own  dreams, 
with  which  he  never  established  any  very 
intimate  relation,  notwithstanding  all  the 
charm  that  they  occasioned  in  liis  work. 
Teniers's  allegorical  subject  after  Schiavono 
(149)  is  of  the  same  order,  a  mere,  but  most 
apt  excuse  for  a  technical  exercise  entirelv 
in  his  own  manner,  a  little  masterpiece  of 
dainty  precision. 

For  perfect  freedom,  yet  perfect  fusion 
with  the  master  he  was  studying,  Alfred 
Stevens  was  probably  as  fine  a  copyist  as 
ever  lived,  and  the  collection  of  Ins  works 
here  offers  many  marvels.  The  exquisite 
little  Duchess  of  Urbino  (169),  the  serene 
Presentation  in  the  Temple  (159) — both  after 
Titian — and  the  wonderful  Astronomy  (126) 
after  Raphael,  are  the  best  of  all.  Were 
it  not  for  his  own  great  gifts,  we  should  be 
inclined  to  tliink  such  entire  harmony 
between  one  man's  hand  and  another's  brain 
a  matter  for  psychical  investigation.  Cer- 
tainly Etty's  study  of  the  group  at  the  base 
of  the-cross  in  Tintoretto's  Crucifixion  (153) 
is  an  example  in  which  the  control  passed  to 
the  energetic  ghost  who  notoriously  haunts 
the  Accademia.  By  comparison  with  such 
copyists  as  these,  Brabazon,  daintily Tas  he  set 
down  Ins  quintescence  of  this  or  that  colour- 
scheme,  was  an  incurable  amateur,  a  mere 
nibbler,  indeed  the  only  copy  here  at  all  com- 
parable with  those  by  Stevens  is  the  largo 
Gainsborough,  Tlie  Two  Sons  of  James 
Stewart,  Duke  of  Richmond  and  Lennox  (180), 
after  Van  Dyck,  the  close  sympathy  of  whicl  i 
seems  the  more  striking  because  we  have 
been  allowed  the  opportunity  of  seeing  tho 
original  recently  and  frequently.  His  Sports- 
men in  a  Landscape  (47),  after  Teniers, 
and  his  Pastoral  Landscape  in  tlie  Manner 
of  Jan  Both  (48)  are  less  marvellous,  bu! 
vigorous  and  luminous  pictures  of  unusual 
quality. 

If  literal  facsimile  reproduction  were 
attainable,  it  would  be,  as  the  compiler 
of  the  catalogue  justly  suggests,  in  copying 
works  of  the  earlier  painters,  whose  simple 
teclinique  raises  no  question  of  the  order 
of  a  complex  series  of  processes,  and  in  this 
field  Mrs.  Herringham  attains  as  near  perfec- 
tion as  can  well  be  hoped,  though  none 
of  her  contributions  here  reaches  quite  tho 
level  of  her  rendering  of  Botticelli's 
'  Calumny.'  Mrs.  McEvoy's  Lady  at  a 
Spinnet,  after  Vermeer  of  Delft  (49),  with  a 
subject  of  rather  more  technical  complexity, 
is  only  a  little  short  of  that  perfection. 
The  Slaughter  House  (52),  after  Rembrandt, 
is  the  best  of  the  Brabazons  ;  and  we  should 
mention  also  the  work  of  Mr.  Charles  Shan- 
non, Sir  Charles  Holroyd,  Mr.  Roger  Fry. 
and  Mr.  Bowyor  Nichols.  It  is  regrettable 
that  limited  resources  prevented  tlie  mana- 
gers from  adding  to  tins  unique  collec- 
tion some  work  by  Manet,  who  did  wonder- 
ful copies  in  a  very  individual  fasliion, 
one  of  which,  "  after  Titian,"  was  shown 
in  London  not  long  sinco  at  Messrs.  Sulley's 
gallery.  Tho  committee  appeal  for  informa- 
tion as  to  the  whereabouts  of  Stevens's 
copy  of  the  Poter  Martyr,  the  history  of 
which  is  obscure  since  it  was  sold  at  Lord 
Leighton's  sale. 

Outside  this  collection  of  copies  the  exhibi- 
tion lias  perhaps  a  little  loss  than  its  usual 
distinction.  It  was  a  good  idea  to  organize 
a  show  of  "subject"  pictures  as  a 
vindication  of  a  perfectly  legitimate  means 
of    attraction  ;    but  in    practice    the   result 


362 


THE    A  T  H E N  M U  M 


No.  4195,  March  21,  1908 


is  a  jumble  of  heterogeneous  odds  and 
ends.  An  early  picture  by  Mr.  Lionel  Smy  the 
(15),  hung  too  high  to  be  well  seen, 
recalls  somewhat  the  work  by  Potter 
and  Alfred  Stevens  at  the  International  ; 
and  there  are  interesting  contributions  of 
a  popular  character  by  Mr.  Arthur  Hughes 
(5),  Mr.  Byam  Shaw  (20  and  206),  P. 
Calderon  (27),  Simeon  Solomon  (36),  and 
Mr,  H.  T.  Wallis  (34). 

Of  the  groups  of  artists  upstairs,  two — 
the  Scots  and  the  Cornishmen — make 
poor  shows.  The  New  English  Art  Club 
is  best  represented  by  Mr.  Orpen's  humorous 
The  Valuers  (294),  and  an  excellent  collection 
of  drawings,  among  which  should  be  men- 
tioned Mr.  John's  Drawing  of  a  Boy  (430), 
and  two  designs  in  that  artist's  more  fan- 
tastic manner,  but  with  more  sustained 
brilliance  of  execution,  The  Dancer  (429) 
and  The  Sleeping  Nymph  (431)  by  Mr. 
W.  F.  Maclaren,  as  well  as  the  Tete  de 
Souliote  (465)  by  Mr.  Legros  and  The 
Ramparts,  Montreuil  (441),  by  Mr.  George 
Thomson.  From  the  International  we 
have  an  unusually  good  picture  by  Mr. 
Charles  Shannon,  The  Garland  (319)  ;  and 
elsewhere  are  Cleopatra  (400)  as  good  a  head 
probably  as  Sir  Lawrence  Alma  Tadema 
has  painted,  and  two  excellent  landscapes 
by  Mr.  Aumonier  (416)  and  Mr.  James 
Hill  (409)  respectively. 


DURER    AND     REMBRANDT     PRINTS 
AT    MR.    GUTEKUNST'S    GALLERY. 

This  exhibition  gives  an  occasion  for  en- 
joying an  unusually  fine  collection  of  master- 
pieces. The  appeal  of  Durer's  plates  is 
so  largely  technical,  so  largely  an  affair 
of  abstract  beauty,  and  so  little  of  allusive- 
ness  and  resemblance  to  contemporary 
life,  that  we  are  always  amazed  that  they 
should  have  been  popular.  A  few  flatter 
the  taste  for  horrors  ;  but  the  most  are  pure 
artistry,  and  suppose  a  public  such  as 
we  should  hardly  find  for  them  to-day. 
The  finest  plates  here — the  Melancholia, 
the  St.  Anthony,  the  Cannon — are  humiliat- 
ing object-lessons  in  the  comparative  culture 
of  those  days  and  the  present. 

With  Rembrandt's  works  there  is  not 
the  same  puzzle.  In  the  first  place,  they 
were  done  more  rapidty,  and  could  thus 
be  sold  at  a  price  within  the  reach  of  ordinary 
people,  and  hence  a  much  smaller  percentage 
of  possible  purchasers  would  yield  a  satis- 
factory public.  Still  more  important  is 
the  intimacy  of  the  appeal,  the  close  touch 
of  the  artist  with  humanity  speaking,  like 
Christ  Himself,  to  the  humble.  Durer's 
was  intrinsically  an  aristocratic  art,  for  all 
its  harshness  and  virility,  and  offers  a 
measure  of  the  official  culture  of  the  age. 

The  Rembrandts  include  the  tiny  Land- 
scape^ with  a  Canal  and  Boat,  with  its  dainty 
line  just  skimming  over  the  surface  of  the 
copper  ;  the  careful  and  serious  Jew's 
Synagogue  (second  state)  ;  the  dramatic 
first  state  of  The  Descent  from  the  Cross  ; 
and  the  homely  and  humorous  sketch  of 
Abraham  entertaining  the  Angels. 

Claude's  popular  Le  Bouvier,  and  some 
excellent  little  prints  of  marine  views  by 
Rainier  Zeeman  are  also  noteworthy. 


SALES. 
Messrs.  Christie  sold  last  Saturday  the  collec- 
tion of  Mr.  William  Connal :  the  sale  being 
specially  noteworthy  for  the  prices  realized  by 
Albert  Moore's  works.  Drawings :  Sir  E.  Burne- 
•Tones,  The  Bath  of  Venus,  588/.  ;  The  Wheel  of 
Fortune,  262/.  Pictures:  Sir  E.  Burne-Jones,  A 
W.Kxl-Nyniph,  1,186/.;  The  Heart  of  the  Rose, 
o2o/.  ■  The  Pilgrim  at  the  Gate  of  Idleness,  283/.  ; 


A  Sea-Nymph,  105/.  Albert  Moore,  Midsummer, 
1,050/.  ;  An  Idyll;  or,  the  Lovers,  378/.  ;  Yellow 
Marguerites,  262/.  ;  White  Hydrangeas,  262/.  ; 
The  Miraculous  Sacrifice :  Elijah  and  the  Priests 
of  Baal,  105/.  ;  A  Study  for  '  Topaz '  (lot  57), 
105/.  ;  A  Study  for  'Topaz'  (lot  58),  105/.  J.  F. 
Watts,  Orpheus  and  Eurydice,  336/.  ;  Artemis, 
252/.  D.  G.  Rossetti,  Mnemosyne  ;  or,  the  Lamp 
of  Memory,  262/.     F.  Sandys,  Perdita,  157/. 

The  following  pictures  belonged  to  a  different 
owner :  T.  S.  Cooper,  Sundown  in  the  Marshes 
near  Canterbury,  178/.  E.  Crofts,  Napoleon's 
Last  Grand  Attack  :  Waterloo,  152/. 


Jinu-^rt  (gossip. 

An  exhibition,  illustrating  miniature 
painting  from  Tudor  to  Mid- Victorian 
times  is  being  arranged  by  Mr.  J.  J.  Foster, 
author  of  '  British  and  Foreign  Miniature 
Painters,'  and  will  shortly  be  opened  at 
Messrs.  Dickinson's  galleries. 

The  discovery,  in  the  archives  of  the 
Rasponi  family  at  Florence,  is  announced  of 
64  unpublished  letters  from  Michael  Angelo 
to  Vasari.  It  is  probable  that  Vasari  utilized 
these  letters  in  his  '  Lives  '  of  1550,  but  the 
new  documents  will  show  how  far  he  was 
accurate  in  some  of  his  statements. 

The  Bibliotheque  Nationale  has  recently 
acquired  Nadar's  '  Pan  the  on  comique,' which 
consists  of  about  400  silhouettes  of  nearly 
all  the  celebrities  of  the  Second  Empire. 
The  artist  who  is  best  known  as  "Nadar" 
was  one  of  the  most  fertile  caricaturists  of 
the  Empire  period,  and  a  regular  con- 
tributor to  Charivari,  the  Journal  pour  Rire, 
and  other  periodicals. 

The  Prix  Lemaire,  one  of  the  most  coveted 
distinctions  open  to  young  sculptors,  was 
awarded  last  week  in  Paris  to  M.  Barbeerin, 
a  pupil  of  Prof.  In j  albert.  The  second  Prix 
was  awarded  to  M.  Bourget,  pupil  of  Prof. 
Mercie ;  and  the  third  to  M.  Lejeune,  another 
of  Prof.  In  j  albert' s  pupils. 

The  death  in  his  sixty-fifth  year  is 
announced  from  Berlin  of  Prof.  Julius 
Lessing,  the  Director  of  the  Museum  of 
Industrial  Art  in  that  city.  He  studied 
archaeology  at  Berlin  and  Bonn,  and  in  1872 
was  appointed  to  the  position  he  held  at 
his  death.  He  exercised  great  influence 
by  his  lectures  and  books  on  industrial  arts, 
especially  on  the  textile  industry  of  Ger- 
many. Among  his  chief  works  are  '  Alt- 
orientalische  Teppichmuster,'  '  Renaissance 
im  heutigen  Kunstgewerbe,'  '  Silberarbeiten 
des  Anton  Eisenhoft,'  '  Kunstgewerbe  als 
Beruf,'  and  '  Holzschnitzerei  des  15  und  16 
Jalirhunderts.' 

An  interesting  ceremony  took  place  on 
Sunday  last  at  the  College  de  France,  when 
a  marble  bust  of  the  Italian  poet  Carducci 
was  publicly  accepted  from  the  Union 
Latine,  and  speeches  were  delivered  by  both 
French  and  Italian  poets  and  others.  The 
bust  is  the  work  of  Ordono  di  Rosales. 

The  first  of  a  course  of  six  Rhind  Lectures 
on  '  The  Excavation  of  the  Roman  Military 
Station  at  Newstead,  Melrose,'  by  Mr.  James 
Curie,  to  be  delivered  in  connexion  with  the 
Society  of  Antiquaries  of  Scotland,  will  be 
given  on  Monday  week  in  Edinburgh. 


MUSIC 


EXHIBITIONS. 


Sat.  (March  96).—  Cabinet  Pictures  ami  Etchings  by  Frank  Brangwyn, 
A.K.A.,  Private  View,  Fine-Art  Society's. 

—  Hampton  Court.  Malta,  and  Sicily.  AVater-Uolours  and  Pastels 

by  Miss  Mary  Stirling,  New  Dudley  Gallery. 

—  Harl>ours  and  Towns.  Water-Colours  by  Terrick  Williams.  R.I.. 

Private  View.  Leicester  Galleries. 

—  Idylls  of  the  Country.  Water-Colours  by   W.    Lee   Hankey, 

Private  View.  Leicester  Galleries. 

—  Boring  Exhibition    of  Pictures  by  Early  British  Masters  and 

Modern  Painters.  Messrs.  Shepherds  Gallery. 

—  Water-Colours  by  A.  van  Anrooy,   K.  Aiming  Bell.  Muirhead 

Bone,  and  other  Artists,  Mr.  Paterson's  Gallery. 
Mon.     Works  by  the  late  Charles  1' Anson.  Modern  Gallery. 
Ti  i  -.    Greece  and  Spain.  Water-Colours  by  Francis  McComas.  Private 

View,  Carfax  Gallery. 


iHusiral  (Bossip. 

The  Bach  Choir  gave  its  seventy-first 
concert  at  Queen's  Hall  last  Wednesday 
evening,  under  the  conductorship  of  Dr. 
Hugh  P.  Allen.  Two  works  by  Bach 
figured  in  the  scheme,  the  first 
heard  being  the  '  Magnificat '  in  d,  which 
was  carefully  sung  by  the  choir,  while  the 
soloists — Mrs.  Henry  J.  Wood,  Miss  Alice 
Venning,  Miss  Dilys  Jones,  Mr.  Webster 
Millar,  and  Mr.  William  Higley — carried 
through  their  share  with  earnestness.  Bach's 
'  Brandenburg '  Concerto  in  f  was  played 
later  in  the  evening.  Brahms' s  solemn  and 
impressive  '  Begrabnissgesang '  was  per- 
formed, and  effectively,  for  the  first  time 
in  London  ;  and  the  Choir  likewise  took  part 
in  Dr.  Vaughan  Williams's  able  setting  of 
Walt  Whitman's  '  Toward  the  Unknown 
Region.'  An  animated  rendering  was  also 
given,  by  the  New  Symphony  Orchestra, 
of.  Sir  Hubert  Parry's  Symphony  in  f, 
written  at  the  invitation  of  the  Cambridge 
University  Musical  Society,  and  performed 
there  in  June,  1883.  It  was  revised  four 
years  later — the  first  and  last  movements 
being  entirely  rewritten — and  brought  for- 
ward at  a  Richter  Concert.  The  work  owes 
not  a  little  to  Brahms  and  Wagner,  but  the 
music  is  healthy  and  well  knit,  and  the 
Andante  and  Finale  engage  the  ear  in  a 
specially  agreeable  manner. 

The  programme  of  last  Saturday's  Sym- 
phony Concert  at  Queen's  Hall  included 
an  old  novelty,  a  Divertimento  in  B  flat 
for  oboes,  horns,  three  bassoons,  and 
serpent,  by  Haydn.  The  work,  which  is 
still  in  manuscript,  has  for  its  second  move- 
ment the  '  Chorale  St.  Antonii,1  on  which 
Brahms  wrote  his  fine  variations.  Haydn 
only  gives  the  plain  '  Chorale.'  It  is  not 
known  whether  it  was  composed  or,  as  is 
more  likely,  borrowed  by  him.  The  music 
of  the  whole  Divertimento  is  simple  and 
quaint.  The  serpent,  which  is  now  obsolete, 
was  replaced  by  a  contrafagotto. 

Clara  Anastasia  Novello  died  in 
Rome  on  March  12th,  at  the  advanced 
age  of  ninety.  She  made  her  debut  at 
Windsor  in  1833.  After  singing  at  all 
principal  concerts  and  festivals,  she  went 
in  1837,  at  the  invitation  of  Mendelssohn,  to 
Leipsic,  and  appeared  at  the  Gewandhaus 
Concerts.  Two  years  later  she  went  to  Milan, 
studying  under  Micheroux,  for  the  stage. 
In  1843  she  appeared  in  opera  at  Drury 
Lane,  but  in  November  of  that  same  year 
she  married  Count  Gigliucci,  and  withdrew 
from  public  life.  A  few  years  later,  however, 
she  again  appeared,  and  achieved  extraordi- 
nary success,  especially  as  an  oratorio  singer 
at  the  Handel  Festivals  of  1857  and  1859. 
In  1861  she  finally  retired,  and  returned  to 
Italy,  which  was  her  home  down  to  the  day 
of  her  death. 

When  Clara  Novello  made  her  stage 
debut  in  Pacini's  '  Saffo '  at  Drury  Lane 
in  1843,  The  Athenozum  of  April  8th  gave 
the  lady  "  precedence  over  the  opera," 
which  is  now  forgotten.  '  To  saj-,"  added 
the  writer,  "  that  such  a  voice  as  Miss  Clara 
Novello' s  lias  not  been  heard  on  the  English 
stage  in  our  recollection,  is  simply  the  truth." 
But  there  was  a  much  earlier  reference  to 
the  great  singer  in  our  columns.  A  poem 
dedicated  '  To  Clara  N — ,'  by  Charles  Lamb, 
who  had  probably  heard  her  at  the  Grand 
Musical    Festival    at    Westminster    Abbey 


No.  4195,  March  21,  1908 


THE    ATHENiEUM 


863 


in  June,  1834,  appeared  in  The  Athenaeum 
of  July  26th,  1834.     In  it  occur  the  lines  : — 

I  sit  at  oratorios  like  a  fish, 
Incapable  of  sound,  and  only  wish 
The  thins;  was  over.     Yet  do  I  admire, 
O  tuneful  daughter  of  a  tuneful  sire, 
Thy  painful  labours  in  a  science,  which 
To  your  deserts  I  pray  may  make  you  rich 
As  much  as  you  are  loved,  and  add  a  grace 
To  the  most  musical  Novello  race. 

Clara's  father,  Vincent  Novello,  the  editor, 
among  other  works,  of  '  The  Fitzwilliam 
Music,'  and  '  Purcell's  Sacred  Music,'  was 
an  intimate  friend  of  both  Charles  and  Mary 
Lamb. 

A  meeting  was  held  at  Trinity  College, 
London,  on  Tuesday,  under  the  presidency 
of  Sir  Frederick  Bridge,  to  consider  the  best 
way  to  show  Dr.  W.  H.  Cummings  how  the 
musical  profession  and  also  the  public 
appreciate  the  outspoken  opinion  which  led 
to  a  recent  trial  in  the  courts.  Dr.  E.  Prout 
moved  that  an  address  of  public  thanks  be 
presented  to  him,  and  the  resolution,  seconded 
by  Dr.  A.  H.  Mann,  was  unanimously  carried. 
!  Over  200?.  has  been  given  towards  counsel's 
fees  incurred  in  the  case,  and  the  balance 
will  be  settled  by  donations. 

Although  no  complete  cycles  of  the 
'  Ring '  are  to  be  given  during  the  forth- 
coming   season    at    Co  vent    Garden,     two 

I  cycle  performances  are  announced  of  '  Die 
Walkure '  on  May  1st  and  9th,  '  Gotterdam- 
merung  '  on  May  5th  and  1 3th,  '  Tristan  ' 
on   May  16th  and  22nd,  and    '  Die  Meister- 

i  singer '  on  May  20th  and  25th.  Dr. 
Richter  will,  of  course,  be  the  conductor. 
The  season  opens  April  30th  and  ends 
July  30th.  In  addition  to  the  above-named 
works,  '  Armida,'  '  Der  Fliegende  Hollander,' 
and  '  Tannhauser '  will  be  given.  Boito's 
4  Mefistofele,'  Verdi's  '  Otello,'  Bizet's 
'  Pescatori  di  Perle,'  '  Gli  Ugonotti,'  and 
the  almost  forgotten  '  Sonnambula '  are 
also  promised.  A  strong  list  is  announced 
of  artists  already  engaged. 

In  the  series  of  "  Les  Maitres  de  la 
Musique,"    published    by  M.    Felix   Alcan, 

*  Moussorgsky,'  by  M.  J.  D.  Calvocoressi,  has 
just  appeared.  The  preceding  volumes  in 
the  series  have  all  been  popular,  'J.  S. 
Bach '     being    in    a    second     edition,    and 

*  Beethoven '  in  a  third. 

In  the  unavoidable  absence  of  Dr.  Richter 
the  directors  have  selected  Mr.  Landon 
Ronald  as  his  substitute  for  the  Philhar- 
monic Concert  on  the  26th  inst.,  an  honour 
of  which  he  will  no  doubt  prove  himself 
worthy. 

Le  Menestrel  of  last  Saturday  gives  some 
interesting  information  respecting  Strauss' s 
1  Elektra,'  on  the  authority,  it  is  stated, 
of  the  composer  himself.  He  expects  the 
score  to  be  completed  by  the  end  of  the 
year,  and  hopes  to  conduct  the  first  per- 
formance of  the  work  at  Munich  early  in 
1909.  It  will  be,  like  '  Salome,'  in  one  act, 
j    and  of  about  the  same  length. 


Sis. 

aiox. 

Tl  KM 


PERFORMANCES   NEXT  WEEK. 
Sunday  Concert  Society.  3  30.  Queen's  Hull. 
Concert.  3.30.  Koynl  Albert  Hnll. 
National  Sunday  League  Concert,  7.  Queen's  II:. II. 
Mile.  Maria  Cai«>ccetti'8  Pianoforte  Recital,  3,  Salle  Eraril. 
HI  ■  May  Barnaon'a  Violin  Recital,  :i.  Bechstein  Mall. 
London  Symphony  Concert,  B,  Queen'*  Hall. 
Misa Theodora  Mnealaster*  Vocal  Kecltat  ::.  Stiinw.iv  Hell 
Mr.  Qyril  Scott's  i  mn  art,  ■  50,  Bcehrteln  Hall. 

—  Afternoon  with  Brnhme,  4  JO.  bcighton  Housea 

—  Mr.  Uerlwrt  Fryer'*  Pianoforte  Recital,  a  30,  St.-inuav  Hall. 
Wed.     La  SociVte  dc  Concerts  d'lnstrumenti  Ancient,  s,  Bechstein 

Hall. 

—  Mr.  Donald  Tovej'a  Recital,  8.80,  Chelsea  Town  Hall. 

—  Sto<  k  Exchange  Orchestral  Boclety,  8  90,  Queens  Mall. 
Tucbs.  Madam*!  Le  Mar  and  Mr.  Hener  Skene's  \  ocal  and  Pianoforte 

Recital, ."!.  £ollan  Hall. 

—  Philharmonic  Concert,  8,  (juecn'a  Hall. 

—  Miss   lona  Robertoon'a  Dramatic  and   Musical   Recital,  v  IB, 

Bechstein  Hall. 
Mr  Charlea  Bennett's  Vocal  Recital,  WO,  JEolian  Hall. 
Mr.  Joseph   Holbrooke's   English  Chamber  Concert,  3,   Salic 

Erard. 
North  London  Orchestral  Society,  8,  Queen S  Hall. 
Miss  Jean  Waterston's  Vocal  Keciut.  B  90,  B<  chitein  Hall. 
Queen's  Hall  Orchestral  Concert,  i.  Queen's  Mall. 
Mr.  Arthur  Broadle/s  Sonata  Recital,  8.19,  lUchatein  Hall. 


Fr.i. 


DRAMA 

THE    WEEK. 

Lyceum. — Borneo  and  Juliet. 

It  will  be  interesting  to  see  what  success 
rewards  Messrs.  Smith  and  Carpenter's 
latest  experiment  at  the  Lyceum.  With 
the  inducements  of  cheap  prices  and 
drama  that  deals  in  broad  effects  they 
have  gradually  collected  a  large  following. 
Now  they  are  endeavouring  to  enlist  the 
sympathies  of  their  public  for  Shakspeare 
presented  more  or  less  as  melodrama, 
and  have  wisely  selected  '  Romeo  and 
Juliet,'  which  is  better  calculated  than 
any  other  of  his  plays,  except,  perhaps, 
1  Hamlet,'  to  conciliate  popular  sentiment. 
Well  worth  watching  is  the  attitude 
of  the  democratic  assembly  towards  what, 
for  many  of  them,  is  obviously  an  un- 
familiar work.  To  them  the  story,  not 
the  poetry,  appeals — the  play's  bustle 
and  movement,  not  its  lyrical  beauty. 
They  grow  restive  during  the  love-duets  ; 
but  they  applaud  every  noble  sentiment, 
and  chuckle  over  the  comic  passages; 
they  relish  all  the  more  strenuous  pieces 
of  declamation,  and  show  delight  at  the 
scenes  of  fighting — of  which,  by  the  Avay, 
the  management  has  good  reason  to  be 
proud. 

Naturally  enough,  the  treatment  of 
the  play  is  attuned  to  the  spirit  of  the 
audience.  The  mounting  is  picturesque, 
and  the  stage  crowds  are  grouped  effec- 
tively. The  arrangement  of  the  text 
includes  scenes,  such  as  the  Prince's 
banishment  of  Romeo,  usually  discarded, 
but  here  evidently  retained  for  the  sake 
of  the  story,  while  any  fresh  "  business  " 
that  is  introduced  generally  leaves  nothing 
to  the  imagination.  Thus  the  curtain 
may  not  fall  on  Juliet's  seeming  death 
after  the  potion-scene,  but  must  be  raised 
to  show  a  bevy  of  maidens  entering  her 
chamber  and  employing  their  bridal 
bouquets  as  funeral  flowers. 

The  acting  in  general  lacks  inspiration 
or  poetic  feeling.  Miss  Nora  Kerin  adopts 
too  high  a  pitch  throughout  Juliet's 
speeches,  and  though  she  looks  as  youthful 
and  attractive  as  could  be  desired,  she 
loses  all  girlishness  and  becomes  artificial 
as  soon  as  she  begins  to  simulate  emotion. 
Her  elocution,  in  fact,  is  fault}7,  her  voice 
being  given  to  unpleasant  modulations 
and  too  rarely  under  control.  She  has 
her  good  moments,  but  as  a  whole  her 
performance  is  sadly  devoid  of  sincerity 
and  charm.  Mr.  Matheson  Lang's 
Romeo  stands  on  a  much  higher  plane. 
Besides  looking  well,  he  can  boast  fine 
diction,  and  always  brings  out  the  music 
of  his  lines  ;  yet  there  is  not  the  ring  of 
genuine  passion  in  his  love-making,  and 
he  is  far  more  effective  in  the  encounter 
with  Tybalt  or  the  lament  over  banish- 
ment than  in  the  scenes  with  Juliet. 
For  the  rest,  the  ftfercutio  of  Mr.  Eric 
Maym  is  impressive  in  his  death-agony  ; 
Miss  Blanche  Stanley  makes  an  amusing 
Nurse  ;  and  the  other  members  of  the 
company  declaim  vigorously. 


OUR    LIBRARY    TABLE. 

Collected  Works  of  Henrik  Ibsen. — Vol.  V. 
Emperor  and  Galilean. — Vol.  XL  Little 
Eyolf ;  John  Gabriel  Borkman  ;  When 
We  Dead  Awaken. — Vol.  I.  Lady  Inger  of 
Ostrht  ;  The  Feast  at  Solhoug  ;  Love's 
Comedy.     (Heinemann.) 

Ibsen.  By  Edmund  Gosse.  (Hodder  & 
St  ought  on.) 

In  the  preface  of  his  new  appreciation  of 
Ibsen  Mr.  Gosse  declares  : — 

"Of  Mr.  Archer  it  is  difficult  for  an  English 
student  of  Ibsen  to  speak  with  moderation.  It  is 
true  that  thirty- six  years  ago  some  of  Ibsen's 
earlj-  metrical  writings  fell  into  the  hands  of  the 
writer  of  this  little  volume,  and  that  I  had  the 
privilege   of  being    the   first  person    to   introduce 

Ibsen's  name  to  the  British  public But  save  for 

this  accident  of  time  it  was  Mr.  Archer  and  no 
other  who   was  really  the  introducer  of  Ibsen  to 

English  readers It  would  please  me  best  if  this 

book  might  be  read  in  connection  with  the  final 
edition  of  Ibsen's  '  Dramatic  Works '  now  being 
prepared  by  Mr.  Archer." 

That  is  a  graceful  compliment,  and,  needless 
to  add,  well  deserved.  Since  Mr.  Gosse' s 
words  were  written  the  collected  edition  has 
been  completed  by  the  issue  of  the  three 
remaining  volumes,  and  it  is  possible  to 
look  at  the  work  as  a  whole.  The  debt  of 
English  admirers  of  Ibsen  to  Mr.  Archer  was 
already  immense,  but  he  has  now  increased 
that  obligation.  To  liis  supervision,  \i  not 
always  to  his  pen,  we  owe  ters6  and  idiomatic 
translations  of  the  plays  ;  and  his  enthusiasm 
we  have  to  thank  principally  for  the  chances 
we  have  enjoyed  of  making  acquaintance 
upon  our  stage  with  nearly  all  the  social 
dramas.  But  it  is  the  privilege  every 
reader  may  share  of  studying  these  plays 
in  the  leisure  of  his  own  library  that  con- 
stitutes Mr.  Archer's  chief  claim  upon  public 
gratitude.  One  tiling  has  been  wanting  in 
his  edition  hitherto.  Till  Ibsen's  death,  the 
poet's  English  interpreter  was  precluded 
by  sentiments  of  piety  and  good  taste  from 
printing  with  the  plays  his  own  estimate 
of  their  merits  or  demerits.  That  short- 
coming has  at  length  been  remedied,  and 
to  every  drama  included  in  the  collected 
edition,  except  '  Brand '  and  '  Love's 
Comedy,'  for  which  Prof.  Herford  has  sup- 
plied both  rendering  and  commentary,  Mr. 
Archer  now  adds  critical  introductions 
which  embody  the  result  of  long  study  and 
thought,  and  are  singular  rather  for  their 
moderation  and  keenness  of  vision  than 
their  hero-worship. 

Of  all  Ibsen's  works,  the  one  which,  if  we 
except  his  last  play,  has  lost  vogue  most 
quickly,  is  the  "  world-drama,"  '  Emperor 
and  Galilean.'  It  belongs  inspirit  essen- 
tially to  the  nineteenth  century,  the  age  of 
agnosticism  and  religious  doubt  ;  and  half 
its  interest  in  former  days  was  due  to 
reflecting  the  temper  of  the  time.  Now 
we  can  see  that  while  the  first  part  makes 
an  effective  historical  melodrama,  in  the 
second  Ibsen  was  overwhelmed  by  his 
material,  and.  paradoxically  enough,  led 
to  degrade  his  hero's  character,  and 
show  him  lighting,  as  it  were,  against  the 
better  cause.  'Emperor  and  Galilean' 
may  command  our  respect  as  a  literary 
tour  dc  force,  but  neither  as  history  nor  as 
biography  is  it  wholly  accurate  ;  while  as  ;i 
picture  of  the  Empire  under  Julian  it  might 
have  been  inspired,  a-<  Mr.  Archer  remarks, 
by  the  most  superstitious  of  hagiologists, 
bo  ruthless  a  persecutor  is  the  Apostate  made, 
and    so    lurid  are  the    scent  hristian 

martyrdom. 

Another  drama  which  even   lb  thu- 

siasts  must  surrender  to  the  wolves  IS  '  When 


:;r. ! 


T  II  i:     ATHENAEUM 


No.  4105,  March  21,  1908 


\\<<  Dead  Awaken.1  Ufa  <»n<<  baa  said  any- 
thing more  eroel  of  this,  the  playwright's 
final  effort,  than  Mr.  Archer,  who  describee 
it  as  ••  very  liU<»  th<>  sort  of  play  that  haunted 
the  'Anti  [heenite1  imagination"  in  the 
nineties — "  a  i»i«K-«>  of  soli  earieature."  On 
the  other  hand,  because  the  author  lias 
not  wholly  "  joined  his  flats,"  and  flags,  his 
critic  thinks,  in  the  third  act,  Mr.  Archer  is 
rather  severe  on  '  John  Gabriel  Borkman,'  a 
pieee  which  is  one  long  protest  against 
unman  nnkindness,  and  gives  a  masterly 
portrait  of  tho  megalomaniac  of  finance. 
'  Little  Ej-olf,'  which  completes,  with  the 
two  just  named,  the  last  volume  of  the  series, 
has  always  been,  like  'The  Master  Builder,' 
a  particular  favourite  with  Mr.  Archer,  who 
finds  in  it  lyrical  beauty,  mystic  morality, 
hidden  meanings  ;  yet  even  his  eloquence 
cannot  persuade  us  that  the  reconciliation 
of  Kita  Allmers  and  her  husband,  and  their 
sudden  discovery  of  the  beauties  of  philan- 
thropy, is  anything  but  an  artificial  ending. 

Tho  pieces  contained  in  the  first  volumo 
are  early  work  of  the  poet  of  mere  academic 
and  historical  interest.  The  student  of 
Ibsen  may  be  glad  to  have  them  ;  to  the 
general  playgoer  they  are  nothing.  The 
volume  which  is  devoted  to  these  also 
includes  Mr.  Archer's  general  introduction, 
which  lias  already  been  so  widely  circulated 
in  pamphlet  form  that  it  does  not  call  for 
present  comment. 

Ibsen's  English  editor  seems  to  have 
shirked  the  task  of  writing  the  master's 
biography.  Mr.  Gosse  has  saved  him  the 
trouble,  and  with  his  insight  into  character 
and  talent  for  generalization  has  produced 
a  bright  and  entertaining  volume.  On 
Ibsen  the  artist  he  has  not  much  that  is 
fresh  to  say.  Here  is  a  poet  with  few  ideals, 
a  reformer  with  little  belief  in  the  progress 
of  humanity,  a  revolutionary  without  a 
mission  except  that  of  iconoclasm.  His  creed 
is  strangely  without  positive  content  ;  and 
if  he  has  no  social  gospel,  his  personality  is 
equally  baffling.  What  is  to  be  made  of  his 
contented,  if  observant  aloofness,  his  im- 
penetrable, but  by  no  means  amiable  reserve? 
His  correspondence  throws  light  only  on  the 
genesis  of  his  literary  achievements,  and 
reveals  few  secrets  of  his  individuality.  Yet 
the  success  of  Mr.  Gosse's  monograph  depends 
on  his  having  rolated  the  man  to  his  work,  the 
playwright  to  his  art.  He  shows  us  Ibsen's 
long  struggle,  as  the  son  of  a  man  who  failed 
in  business,  as  a  provincial  apothecary's 
assistant,  with  grinding  poverty  and  narrow 
circumstances.  He  depicts  the  raw  lad 
acting  as  manager  of  the  Bergen  Theatre 
at  a  miserable  pittance  till  ho  was  twenty- 
eight.  He  describes  the  poet's  marriage 
and  his  visit  while  he  was  still  poor  to  Borne, 
where  he  enjoyed  "  a  long  and  blissful 
convalescence."  He  implies  how  all  these 
harsh  conditions  must  have  affected  tho 
shy  and  sensitive  writer's  point  of  view. 
Next  he  reminds  us  that  it  was  not  till  Ibsen 
was  nearly  fifty  that  he  scored  his  first  success 
with  '  Pillars  of  Society,'  and  how  at  once 
he  rejected  the  poet's  attitude,  and  "  with 
his  gold  spectacles,  his  Dundreary  whiskers, 
his  broadcloth  bosom,  and  his  quick, 
staccato  step,  he  adopted  the  pose  of  a 
gentleman  of  affairs."  Then  he  mentions 
the  curious  romance  which  quickoned 
Ibsen's  life  at  sixty,  and  suggests  that  it 
affected  all  his  later  work  with  a  passionate 
desire  to  cling  to  the  J03-S  of  tho  moment. 
And  he  shows  amusingly  how  the  poet  who 
had  so  long  girded  at  his  own  country 
returned  there  to  be  treated  as  a  sort  of 
caged  bird,  kept  within  golden  bars,  to  be 
looked  upon  as  a  privileged  sphinx,  and 
be  buried  with  almost  royal  honours.  Mr. 
Gosse  has  rarely  given  such  proof  of  his 
vivacity  as  in  this  biography. 


"TUDOR    FACSIMILE    TEXTS." 

I'.irk  I.o.Ige,  Wimbledon,  March  11,  U0& 

May  I,  as  in  some  measure  responsible 
for    the   Malono    Society    reprints    to    which 

\  on  make  so  kind  an  allusion,  put  in  a  word 
in  favour  of  Mr.  J.  S.  Farmer's  "  Facsimile 
Texts  "  ?  Those  being  photographically  re- 
produced, no  question  of  editing  arises, 
with  the  result,  as  your  reviewer  notices, 
that  they  are  of  very  superior  value  to  tho 
publications  of  tho  so-called  Early  Drama 
Society.  I  at  least  do  not  regret  the  eight 
guineas  or  so  spent  on  these  eight  plays, 
though  I  am  sorry  that  they  have  been 
issued  at  a  price  which  must  necessarily 
make  tho  sale  a  small  one.  They  are  natur- 
ally not  all  of  equal  value  or  interest,  but 
I  think  that  students  owe  a  very  special 
debt  of  gratitude  to  Mr.  Farmer  for  repro- 
ducing, and  still  more  to  Mr.  J.  H.  Gurney 
for  allowing  the  reproduction  of,  the  im- 
jDortant  Macro  MS. 

While  the  mechanical  work  of  reproduc- 
tion has  been  very  well  executed,  there  are 
three  points,  unnoticed  by  your  reviewer,  to 
which,  if  you  will  allow  me,  I  should  like  to 
call  attention.  (1)  The  edition  of  'King 
Darius,'  1577,  although,  owing  to  its  recent 
discovery,  it  has  been  a  good  deal  talked 
of,  is  a  comparatively  late  edition  of  little 
intrinsic  interest.  The  first  known  edition, 
dated  1565,  is  in  the  British  Museum,  and 
would  have  been  much  more  interesting 
to  students.  The  same  remark  applies  to 
the  edition  of  '  Lusty  Juventus '  selected 
for  reproduction,  which  is  the  latest  of 
three  editions  extant.  (2)  In  the  facsimile 
of  '  Wisdom  '  the  editor  credits  Dr.  Furnivall 
with  having  given  to  the  play  the  absurd 
title  of  *  A  Morality  of  Wisdom  Who  is 
Christ  ? '  (3)  In  the  case  of  Massinger's 
MS.  Mr.  Farmer  was  apparently  unable  to 
read  his  own  facsimile,  for  he  calls  the  play 
'  Believe  as  Ye  List,'  instead  of  '  Believe 
as  You  List,'  which  is  the  traditional  title, 
and  is  clearly  supported  by  the  MS. 

W.  W.  Greg. 


TO  COKRF.SPONDF.NTS.—  (i.  H.  K.-  J.  C— E.   P.— M.  R.— 

R.  H.  M.— M.  E.  M.— Received. 

V.  B.  Redstone.— Please  send  address. 

().  E.  M.— J.  P.  C.-Not  suitable  for  us. 

No  notice  can  be  taken  of  anonymous  communications. 

AVE  cannot  undertake  to  reply  to  inquiries  concerning  the 
appearance  of  reviews  of  books. 

We  do  not  undertake  to  give  the  value  of  books,  china, 
pictures,  Ac. 


INDEX  TO  ADVERTISERS. 


PACK 

Ai'thors'  Agents       338 

Autotype  Co 338 

Batsford 342 

Bell  A  Sons 368 

Brown,  Langiiam  &  Co 307 

Casseix  &  Co 365 

Catalogues       338 

Chapman  A  Hai,l       364 

COl.l.lNGRIDGE  A  CO 366 

Constaiii.e  &  Co 339 

Pent  A  Co 344 

Pui.au  &  Co 342 

Educational 337 

KNO 366 

Exhibitions       337 

Heinemann        367 

Hurst  A  Blacrett 344 

Insurance  Companies         :>6ti 

367 


Lane        

Lectures 

Longmans  <fe  Co. 
Macmillan  A  Co. 
Magazines,  Ar. .. 
Mbrcurk  de  France 
Metiiuen  A  Co. 


337 
340 
344 
339 
367 
343 


Miscellaneous 337 

Murray 339 

Sales  uy  Auction      338 

Sands  A  Co 366 

Sibley  a  Co 342 

Situations  Vacant 337 

situations  Wanted 337 

sonnenschein  a  co 341 

Stanford  a  sons      340 

Typewriters,  Ac, 338 


NEW  FICTION   EVERYBODY 
SHOULD    READ. 

THE     HUMOUR     OF     SCHOOL     LIFE. 

THE   HUMAN   BOY  AGAIN. 

By  EDBH  PHJJJLPOTTS. 

With  Illu,tralions  by  L  RAVEN  HILL 
Crown  bvo,  6*. 

"  'The  Human  Bay  '  is  still  ■  delightful  creature." 

Morntin  / 

" The  new  tales  are  in  BO  way  inferior  to  the  old;  they 
■bow  the  same  uproarious  naturalness,  the  same  lively 
humour,  the  same  excellently  Bammed  boy  -tyle  Mr. 
Phillpotts  is  to  be  congratulated  on  maintaining  his  spoa> 
taneity  throughout."— Morning  Leader. 

"  No  letter  ichool  Morie*  than  these  have  appeared  for  a 
very  long  time."— Daily  A'eic*. 

"This  delightful  collection  of  tale*  ...'The  Human  Boy 
Again'  is  a  tine  performance,  and  will  delightevery  one  who 
loves  the  unconscious  humour  of  Tom  Sawyer  and  Huck 
Finn." — Daily  Chronicle. 

"You  had  better  get  Mr.  Kden  Phillpotts'  book  at  once. 
It  is  top  hole.  And  when  you  have  done  with  it  you  caB 
pass  it  on  to  your  dutiful  nephew." — Daily  Graphic. 

"  Full  of  humour  of  school  life  .  these  stories  have 
sufficient  truth  in  them  to  make  them  worthy  of  a  high 
place  in  their  class." — Daily  1ft  l  - 


A    STIRRING,    ADYENTUR0US    8T0RY. 

THE    WATCHERS    OF     THE 
PLAINS. 

By  RIDGWELL  CULLUM, 

Author  of  '  The  Devil's  Keg,'  '  The  Night  Riders,'  Ac. 

"Mr.   Cullum  has  a    wonderful    power    of    'grip'    and 

excitement The  atmosphere  of  the  book  is  admirably 

conveyed,  and  Mr.  Cullum  knows  the  tricks  of  story-telling 
better  than  most  writers."— Morning  Leader. 

"  Deals  with  savage  encounters  with  the  North  Americas 
Indians,  and  is  told  from  cover  to  cover  in  vigorous  style, 
packed  full  of  action— a  stirring,  open-air,  hard-hitting 
story." — Daily  Graphic. 

"Mr.  Cullum  gives  us  not  merely  a  good  rattling  tale  of 
adventure  and  devotion,  but  one  marked  throughout  by  a 
simplicity  and  sureness  of  touch  born  of  thorough  know- 
ledge of  the  life  of  the  Northern  Plains. .  .  As  nod  a  story 
of  its  kind  as  we  have  read  for  many  a  long  day." — Time*. 

"In  the  best  sense  'The  Watchers  of  the  Plains'  is  a 
true  story.  Everybody  and  everything  are  as  real  a-s  life 
and  actuality ....  A  tale  which,  charming  at  a  novel,  ia 
beyond  praise  as  a  realistic  picture  of  the  life  and  manners 
of  the  dwellers  in  the  Bad  Lands  in  the  bad  times  of  the 
Indian  risings." — Scotsman, 


A    STORY    OF    ROME,    WHICH     HAS 
CREATED    A    SENSATION. 

SEED   ON    STONY   GROUND. 

By  U.  L.  MORICHINI. 
A  plain-spoken   religions  novel,   dealing  critically  with 
the  Roman  Church,  which  has  had  a  very  great  succe»  in 
Italy. 

SECOND  EDITION  OF  TEMPLE  THURSTON'S, 
REMARKABLE    ROMANCE. 

SALLY  BISHOP:    a  Romance. 

By  E.  TEMPLE  THURSTON, 
Author  of  'The  Apple  of   Eden,'  'The   Evolution  of 

Katherine,'  &c 
"Really  powerful :  of  absorbing  interest." — Truth. 
"  It  is  by  far  the  best  piece  of  work  its  author  has  done, 
and  places  him    once    for   all    among    the    psychological 

novelists  who  count An  uncommonly  striking,  powerful, 

and  pathetic  book." — Standard. 


REAL  WIT  AND  HUMOUR. 

IMPERIAL    BROWN    OF 
BRIXTON. 

By  REGINALD  TURNER, 
Author  of  '  The  Steeple,' '  Peace  on  Earth,'  Ac. 

[Second  Edition  note  ready. 
"  A  good  laugh  is  often  a  good  medicine,  and  in  circum- 
stances where   laughter  might  be    therapeutically  useful, 
here  is  a  book  which  contains  many  doses  of  the  drug." 

Lancet. 

A  POWERFUL  N0YEL. 

THE   DEATH   MAN. 

Bv  BENJAMIN  SWIFT, 

Author  of  'Nancy  Noon,'  '  The  Tormentor,'  '  Life's 

Questionings,'  Ac. 

"  This  very  striking  book A  novel  of  singular  and  lurid 

power." — Observer. 

"It  is  so  reasonably  developed,  so  quietly  told,  that  there- 
is  no  sense  of  unreality  or  melodrama  conveyed  to  the  reader, 
and  it  moves  on  from  point  to  point  with  the  disconcerting 
Steadiness  of  real  life.  —  Westminster  Gazette. 


CHAPMAN  &  HALL,  Limited,  London,  W.C. 


No.  4195,  Makch  21,  1908 


THE    ATHEN^UM 


365 


THE     HOUSE     OF      CASSELL 


BYWAYS      OF       COLLECTING 

By  ETHEL  DEANE,  Editress  of  the  Queen.  Every  one 
is  a  collector  nowadays  and  on  the  look-out  for 
bargains  in  their  own  particular  cult.  For  the  collector 
who  is  not  a  connoisseur  there  are  many  traps  and 
pitfalls.  Miss  Deane  has,  in  this  interesting  volume, 
dealt  specially  with  this  aspect  of  collecting,  and  the 
book  should  be  of  untold  value  to  the  amateur  who  is 
seeking  after  treasures.  The  Daily  Graphic  says :"  Miss 
Deane  supplies  in  an  extremely  pleasant  and  digestible 
form  a  great  deal  of  useful  knowledge,  rather  in  the  nature 
of  tips."  There  are  special  chapters  devoted  to  Sheffield 
Plate,  China,  Silver,  Glass,  Prints,  and  Earthenware. 
There  are  73  fine  illustrations,  comprising  some  of  the 
finest  specimens  of  the  private  collector.        7s.  Qd.  net. 


THE  PHILOSOPHY  OF  MAKING  LOVE 

This  remarkable  book  by  Mr.  HAROLD  GORST  has  already 
evoked  a  wide  interest,  which  will  doubtless  be  shared  by 
a  very  large  public.  The  author  thinks  that  men  and 
women  have  much  to  learn,  and  does  not  hesitate  to  tell 
us,  with  the  enthusiasm  of  a  reformer,  how  to  mend  our 
manners,  our  flirtations,  and  our  courtships.  The 
Standard  says  :  "  Certainly  this  is  a  book  to  talk  about — 
and  read."  The  Daily  Chronicle  remarks  that  the  author 
has  "  had  a  delicate  task  to  perform,  and  has  performed 
it  with  delicacy."  There  is  also  a  light  side  to  the 
book  in  a  series  of  amusing  sketches  presenting  what 
might    happen    if    marriage   were    abolished.       5s.    net. 


GARDENING 
FOR      WOMEN 

By  the  Hon.  FRANCES  WOLSELEY. 
A  practical  guide  on  these  lines  has  long 
been  needed,  as  the  profession  of  horti- 
culture as  a  means  of  occupation  for 
women  is  steadily  on  the  increase. 
Beside  containing  full  practical  guidance 
for  women  who  desire  to  adopt  garden- 
ing as  a  profession,  the  work  contains 
complete  syllabuses  of  the  various 
centres  of  learning  at  home  and  abroad. 
The  illustrations  comprise  many  of 
beautiful  English  gardens  belonging  to 
ladies  who,  although  amateurs,  are 
interested  in  gardens.  There  are  also 
pictures  of  students  at  work  in  several 
college  gardens.    With  32  plates,  5s.  net. 

CASSELL'S    A  B  C   OF    GARDENING 

An  Illustrated  Encyclopaedia  of  Practical  Horticulture, 
by  WALTER  P.  WRIGHT.  With  the  increase  in 
popularity  of  gardening  a  need  has  arisen  among  amateurs 
for  a  reliable  guide  in  matters  of  culture  at  a  price  within 
reach  of  the  most  modest  purse.  It  is  to  meet  this  widely 
felt  want  that  this  little  volume  has  been  devised.  Within 
its  compass  the  author,  avoiding  technical  botanical 
descriptions,  sets  forth  the  essential  cultural  facts  about 
many  thousands  of  different  kinds  of  plants.  It  is  the 
sort  of  book  every  gardener,  whether  amateur  or 
professional,  needs,  and  every  gardener  should  have. 
With  numerous  Illustrations,  3s.  Qd.  net.  [Ready  March  27. 


THE  TOWNSMAN'S  FARM 

By  "  HOME  COUNTIES."  This  work,  which 
the  author  has  had  in  preparation  for  some 
time,  and  which  is  now  ready,  deals  in  a  prac- 
tical way  with  the  cultivation  of  the  land  for 
pleasure  and  profit,  and  gives  an  account  of 
the  working  of  a  number  of  actual  farms  and 
holdings  and  the  profits  obtained.  Instruc- 
tion as  to  the  methods  of  getting  a  training 
on  farms  and  at  the  agricultural  college  is 
furnished,  and  several  chapters  are  devoted 
to  a  searching  examination  of  what  can  be 
done  in  fruit  growing,  market  gardening, 
poultry  keeping  and  girl  gardening.  The 
author  has  taken  pains  to  show  the 
townsman  inclined  to  buy  a  farm  and 
live  wholly  or  partly  in  the  country  the 
realities      of      rural      existence.      6s.      net. 


WEE      TIM'ROUS 
BEASTIES 

Among  nature  books  dealing  with  th& 
common  and  tiny  animals,  this  work  by 
Mr.  DOUGLAS  ENGLISH  stands  pre- 
eminently for  its  interesting  style  of 
treatment,  the  beauty  of  its  charming 
illustrations  from  Nature,  and  for  the 
quality  of  its  printing,  paper,  and  bind- 
ing. Throughout  it  is  written  from  the 
supposed  point  of  view  of  the  "Wee 
Tim  'rous  Beasties  "  themselves,  and  the 
information  contained  in  the  interesting 
chapters  proves  that  Mr.  English  is  an 
enthusiastic  and  sympathetic  student  of 
this  branch  of  Natural  History  which  has 
become  recognized  as  peculiarly  his  own. 
The  book  contains  150  illustrations  from 
photographs  of  living  creatures.    5s.  net. 

THE       COMPLETE       FARMER 


of  Agricultural  Handbooks. 


By  PRIM- 

This 


series 
following  five 


A  New  Serie 

ROSE  McCONNELL,   B.Sc.  F.G.S.,  .fee. 

will  consist  of  a  volume  on  each  of  the 

subjects.    This   new   series  will   give   to    all    interested 

in  the  subject  valuable  and  reliable  advice  on  all  matters 

pertaining  to  farming.  The  author  deals  with  the  subjects 

from    a    practical  standpoint    with    a    view  to  assuring 

success    in   all    departments :     Soils,     Crops,   Live   Stock, 

Dairy,  and  Equipment.    The  first  volume  ready  March  27. 

SOILS  :    THEIR  NATURE   AND  MANAGEMENT. 

With  Illustrations.  Paper  covers,  Is.  net;  cloth,  Is.  Qd.  net. 


NEW       6/-       NOVELS 


READY    MARCH    27 


The  Statue 


NOW    READY 


Her  Faithful  Knight 

By  W.  BOURNE  COOKE. 

Betty  of  the  Rectory 

By  L.  T.  MEADE. 

A  Millionaire  Girl 

By  A.  W.  MARCHMONT. 

The  Pauper  of  Park  Lane 

By  WILLIAM  LE  QUEUX. 

Please       Write        for        our        New         Illustrated         Spring        List. 


By  EDEN  PHILLPOTTS  and 
ARNOLD  BENNETT. 

Wheels  of  Anarchy 

By  MAX  PEMBERTON. 

The  Seven  of  Hearts 

By  MAURICE  LEBLANC 

Mary  Gray 

By  KATHARINE  TYNAN. 


CASSELL 


& 


CO. 


Limited,  La  Belle  Sauvagc,  London,  E.C. 


:;.ii; 


Til  K    AT  II  kxa:  i:m 


No.  1195,  Mabcb  21,  1 


SANDS    &     CO. 

— * — 

WHAT  IS  LIFE  ? 

A    Study   of  Vitalism    and   Neo-Vitalism. 

i;>  K.  c.  A.  WTNDLE,  D.80.  F.  i:.s. 

Piililiint  <>f  Qnora'i  College,  OoriL 

with  Diagnuaa.     Gfcown  Bvo,  pilot  3s.  Od.  net. 

THE  SPECTRUM  OF  TRUTH. 

A  Synthetic  View  of  Idealism,  Materialism, 

and  Scholasticism. 

By  the  Rev.  A.   B.  SHARPE,  M.A.,  and  the 

Rev.     F.     AVELING,    D.D. 

Crown  Bvo,  cloth,  price  Is.  net. 

An  attempt  to  wm  Ide  a  synthetic  view  of  the  three  main 

•divergencies  of  philosophic  thought/. ..  In  the  sections  on 

Cosmology,  Ontology,  Psychology,  and  Natural  Theology  is 

set  forth  the  doctrine  of  the  school  as  against  the  many 

pragmatical  philosophies  that  have  come  before  the  public 

.under  the  guise  of  Modernism. 

MODERNISM: 

What  it  is  and  why  it  was  Condemned. 

By  C.  S.  B. 
Paper.     Price  4d.  net. 

THE 

LIFE  OF  MADAME  FLORE, 

Second  Superior  General  of  the  Ladies  of  Mary. 

Translated  from  the  French. 

By    FRANCES    JACKSON. 

With  12  Illustrations.     Crown  8vo,  price  3s.  6d.  net. 

THE 

BECKONING  OF  THE  WAND. 

Pen  Sketches  of  a  Lesser  Known  Ireland. 

By  ALICE  DEASE. 
Crown  8vo,   price  3s.  6d.  net. 

London  :  23,  BEDFORD  STREET,  STRAND  ; 
and  Edinburgh. 

In  2  vols,  crown  8vo,  with  2  Portraits,  24s. 

JOHN  FRANCIS  AND  THE  'ATHENAEUM.' 
A  Literary  Chronicle  of  Half  a  Century. 

By  JOHN  C.  FRANCIS. 
MACMILLAN  &  CO.,  Liuitld,  London. 


N 


ilnsuranr*  ©ompanws. 

ORWICH      UNION      FIRE      OFFICE. 

I'onnded  1797.     HEAD  OFFICE:  NORWICH. 
50,  Fleet  Street,  E.C. 

IiOM 

or 


Sdg 


N 


Claims  Paid £21,000,000 

Amplications  for  Agencies  invited. 

A  T  I  0  N  A  L 


pROVIDENT 

INSTITUTION 

FOR 
MUTUAL     L I  F  K      AS  S  U  It  A  N.C  E. 

Established  1835. 

ASSURANCE    AND    INVESTMENT. 

Write  for  Leaflet  on  net  cost  of  Endowment  Assurances. 
48,  Gracechutch  Street,  London,  E.C. 

Application*  for  Ai/enciex  invited. 

ACCIDENTS  OF  ALL  KINDS,   SICKNESS, 
EMPLOYERS'  LIABILITY,  BURGLARY,  AND 
FIDELITY  GUARANTEE  RISKS 

INSURED  AGAINST  BY  THE 

J>  AILWAY  PASSENGERS'  ASSURANCE  CO. 

Capital  (fully  subscribed)  fl. 000,000,  Claims  paid  £5,400,000. 

•CORNHILL,  LONDON.  A.  VIAN.  SecrrtaTy" 


JUST    PUBLISHED. 

A  New  Work  for  Actors  and  Students  of  the  Stage -Professional 
and  Amateur ;  the  Clergy  ;  Teachers  and  Students  of  Elocu- 
tion ;  Lecturers  ;  Reciters  ;  Public  Speakers  and  others. 

Demy  8vo,  382  pages,  price  3s.  Gd.  net;  by  post  3s.   lOi. 

DRAMATIC 
ELOCUTION   and   ACTION 

By   ALEX.    C.    SUTHERLAND,    M.A. 

A  Comprehensive  and  Practical  Treatise  on  the  Dramatic  Aspect  of  Elocution,  with  a 
Collection  of  Authoritative  Opinions  relating  to  Facial  Expression,  By-play,  Characterization 
and  Emotions,  and  a  Detailed  Examination  of  Discrimination  and  Transition,  Mingled 
and  Masked  Emotions,  &c. 

"An  exhaustive  and  original  hook  of  instruction." — Times. 

"  Of  real  value  to  a  student  of  the  stage." — Pall  Mall  Gazette. 

"A  great  aid  to  those  intending  to  enter  the  professions  of  the  church,  or  the  stage,  or  political 
life." — Globe.  "A  wealth  of  useful  instruction." — Referee. 

"  I  respect  the  writer's  enthusiasm,  I  admire  his  knowledge  and  the  clear  way  in  which  he  presents 
it."— T.  P.'s  Weekly. 

PROSPECTUS,    WITH    SPECIMEN    PAGES,    FREE   ON    APPLICATION. 


London:  W.   H.  fc  L.  COLLINGRIDGE,  148  and   149,  Aldersgate  Street,  EC. 

THE    GRAND    CLIMACTERIC. 

'The  grand  climateric  period  was  fixed  at  63  by  the  classical  authors  in  the  Man. 
They  were  not  far  wrong,  except  that  there  is  no  one  year  of  Life  to  which  it  can  be 
strictly  confined.  ..  .There  are  present  in  many  post-climacteric  people  vague  feelings 
of  organic  bodily  discomfort  which  are  difficult  to  analyze  and  impossible  to  name. 
They  do  not  amount  to  pain  nor  to  unhappiness,  but  there  is  a  something  which 
interferes  with  the  full  enjoyment  of  life  and  which  means  that  the  processes  of 
nutrition  and  the  working  of  the  great  internal  organs  connected  with  digestion  are 
not  done  as  well  as  before  and  no  longer  give  conscious  satisfaction.  This  feeling  is 
often  connected  with  a  newly-developed  constipation  of  the  bowels  and  with  a  diminished 
keenness  of  the  appetite  for  food.' — 'The  Hygiene  of  Mind.' — T.  S.  Clocstox. 

ENO'S  'FRUIT  SALT' 

will  be  found  at  this  critical  period  of  life  a  valuable  remedy,  gently  coaxing.  ;;-  it  were, 
by  natural  means,  the  enfeebled  functions  back  to  normal  health  and  activity. 

'Accuse  not  Nature,  She  has  done  her  part,  do  thou  thine.' — Milton. 

'  As  Health  is  such  a  blessing,  and  the  very  source  of  all  pleasure,  it  may  be  worth  the  pains 
to  discover  the  region  where  it  grows,  the  springs  that  feed  it,  the  customs  and  methods  by  which 
it  is  best  cultivated  and  preserved.' — Sir  \V.  Tkmplk. 

CAUTION.— Examine  the  capsule,  and  see  that  it  is  marked  ENO'S  'FRUIT  SALT.' 
Without  it  yon  have  the  sincerestform  of  flattery — IMITATION. 

Prepared  only  by  J.  C.  ENO  (Limited),  '  FRUIT  SALT'  WORKS,  LONDON,  S.E. 


NEXT  WEEKS  ATHEN£JUM  will  contaii 
Reviews  of  LORD  CROMER'S  MODERN 
EGYPT  and  ANNALI  DELL'  ISLAM. 


No.  4195,  March  21,  1908 


THE    ATHENAEUM 


367 


MERCURE  DE  FRANCE, 

26,  RUE  DE  CONDE,  PARIS. 


LES    PLUS   BELLES    PAGES  DE 

STENDHAL.  Vol.  in- 18.  3.50. 
Peut  etre  consider^  comrae  le  guide  des  Stend- 
haliens.  On  y  trouve  des  fragments  de  tous  les 
ouvrages  de  Beyle,  sa  biographie,  le  celebre  et 
mysterieux  H.B.,  et  de  nombreuses  curiosites 
stendhaliennes,  le  tout  complete  par  un  beau  por- 
trait grave  sur  bois. 

LA    QUESTION    KELIGIEUSE. 

Enquete  internationale.  Vol.  in-18.  3.50. 
Reunion  des  reponses  des  personnalites  les  plus 
diverses  du  monde  intellectuel  europeen  sur  cette 
question  toute  d'actualite :  "  Assistons-nous  a  une 
dissolution  ou  a  une  evolution  de  l'idee  religieuse 
et  du  sentiment  religieux  ? " 


DEVOLUTION      DU      THEATRE 

CONTEMPORAIN.  Par  ALPHONSE  SECHE 
et  JULES  BERTAUT,  avec  une  Preface  par 
EMILE  FAGUET,  de  l'Academie  frangaise. 
Vol.  in-18.  3.50. 
Analyse  du  theatre  ces  trente  dernieres  annees 
avec  des  etudes  sur  les  oeuvres  et  leurs  interpretes. 


HENRI   DE   REGNIER    ET    SON 

(EUVRE.  Portrait  et  autographe.  Vol.  in-16. 
0.75. 
Etude  biographique  et  critique  sur  le  poete  et 
romancier  Henri  de  Regnier,  avec  des  citations  et 
des  pages  non  recueillies  dans  son  u?uvre. 

Envoi  franco,  sur  demande,  du  Catalogue  complet 
des  Editions  du  Mercure  de  France. 

FOUR  NOVELS.    6s.  each. 

When  a  new  novel  by  an  unknown  writer  is  accorded 
the  honour  of  a  leading  article  in  a  prominent 
morning  paper  and  a  column  review  in  the 
Si'ectatok,  it  is  safe  to  say  that  the  booh  must 
be  a  remarkable  one.  The  Spectator  speaks  of 
"an  ingenious  and  spirited  romance,  a  picturesque 
imagination,  and  a  style  far  above  the  average. " 
The  Liverpool  Daily  Post  devotes  a  whole  lead- 
ing article  to  "A  new  novelist!  A  novelist  of  rare 
gift  and  power  I  "     The  story  thus  handled  is 

THE  BROTHERHOOD 
OF  WISDOM. 

By  FRANCES  J.  ARMOUR. 

We  are  publishing  THIS  WEEK  the  following  Three 
important  Novels : 

AN  ENGAGEMENT  OF 
CONVENIENCE. 

By  LOUIS  ZANGWILL. 

FOLLOW      UP! 

A  Story  of  Harrow  School. 

By    ARCHIBALD    DOUGLAS    FOX. 

FAITH  UNFAITHFUL. 

By  F.  K.  WYNNE,  Author  of  'Fortune's  Fool.' 


NEW     SPRING     BOOKS 

CEYLON : 

The  Paradise  of  Adam 

By  CAROLINE  CORNER.     Demy  8vo,  10s.  6d.  net. 
"The   whole    book   is    charming ....  A    delightfully    airy 
humour  through  it  all  ...No  humdrum  guide-book,  or  diary 
of  trivialities,  but  a  series  of  pen  pictures  not  one  of  which  is 
commonplace  or  dull." — Pall  Mall  Gazette. 

THE  KING'S  GENERAL   IN  THE  WEST 

Being  the  Life  of  Sir  Richard  Grenville,  Baronet 
(1610-1659).  By  ROGER  GRANVILLE,  M.A.,  Sub- 
Dean  of  Exeter  Cathedral.  With  Illustrations.  Demy 
8vo,  10s.  Gd.  net.  [Ready  March  2Z. 

THE      CONDITION       OF       HUNTERS: 
The    Choice    of    Horses 
and  their  Management 

By  NIMROD.  The  Veterinary  portion  revised  and 
brought  up  to  date  by  FRANK  TOWN  END  BARTON, 
M.R.C.V.S.  With  numerous  Illustrations.  Demy  8vo, 
10s.  6d.  net. 

APOLOGIA    DIFFIDENTIS 

By  W.  COMPTON  LEITH.     Demy  8vo,  7s.  6d.  net. 
"Mr.  Leith  has  written  a  very  beautiful  book,  and  perhaps 
the  publisher's  claim  that  this  will  prove  a  new  classic  is  not 
too  bold."— Daily  Mail. 

"  A  singularly  beautiful  and  interesting  book." 

Daily  Graphic. 

MODERNISM  AND  ROMANCE 

By  R.  A.  SCOTT-JAMES.     Demy  8vo,  7s.  6d.  net. 
"An  ingenious,  conscientious,  aiul  praiseworthy  attempt 
to  proportion  and  classify  living  literary  values ...  .may  be 
cordially  recommended  as  both  suggestive  and  illuminative." 

Observer. 

LIMBO    AND    OTHER    ESSAYS 

By    VERNON    LEE,     Author    of    'The    Enchanted 

Woods,'    'Hortus    Vita3,'   'The   Spirit   of    Rome,'  &c. 

Crown  8vo,  3s.  6d.  net.  [Ready  March  :.'■'. 

This  volume  contains  several  new  Essays,  and 

also  a  reprint  of  '  Ariadne  of  Mantua,'  originally 

privately  published  by  the  Author  and  not  sent 

out  to  the  Press. 


Among  our  other  books  of  interest  recently 
published  are: — 

LIFE  OF  RIGHT  HON.  THOMAS  BURT, 

M.p.  :  a  Great  Labour  Leader.    By  AARON  watson. 
16*.  ii'  '. 

GOING    THROUGH     THE     MILL.       By 
lira  QEBALD  PAGKT.     B*.  net. 

HINDUSTAN    UNDER    FREE   LANCES. 

I'.y    II.   O.    KI.I.NK,   (IK.      18«  int. 

AUCTION  BRIDGE.     By  Vane  Penned. 

>Zx.  erf.  neb 

BROWN,  LANCHAM  &  CO.,  LlMOTD. 


NEW 

MUSICAL 

BOOKS 

BRAHMS                       By 

H.  C.  COLLES. 

BRAHMS 

Feap.  8vo,  2s.  6d.  net.      [Just  out.]       [Music  of  the  Masters. 

CLAUDE  DEBUSSY 

By 
Crown  8vo.            Mrs.  FRANZ  LIEBICH.  2s.  6d.  net. 

[Living  Masters  of  Music. 
"We  can  cordially  commend  this  genial  and  enthusiastic 
sketch This  ingenuous   recital really    diverting   anec- 
dotes."—Spectator. 


VERSE 


INTERLUDES    AND    POEMS. 

By  LASCELLES  ABERCROMBIE.    Crown  8vo,  5s.  net. 

"Any  half  dozen  lines  in  this   book   would   prove   Mr. 

Abercrombic  a  poet.     Almost  any  half  dozen  would  prove  him 

a  new  poet A  man  with  a  noble  and  exquisite  sense  of 

words  and  rhythms having  an  artist's  harmony  of  sensual 

and  spiritual  life.    Mr.  Abercrombie  must  move  to  things 
bei/ond  the  grandeur  and  subtlety  of  this  book." 

Mr.  Edward  Thomas  j';i  Daily  Chronicle. 


6/-     NEW     NOVELS     6/- 

THE    MASTER    KNOT 

A  Novel  by  ALICE  BIRKHEAD. 

THE   CHICHESTER    INTRIGUE 

By    THOMAS     COBB,    Author    of   'Mrs.    Errickers's 
Reputation,'  <fcc. 
"Admirably  conceived . .  .  .a  difficult  and  delicate  situation 
is  handled  and  adjusted  with  much  art." — Daily  GRAPHIC. 
"One  of  Mr.  Cobb's  clever  mixtures  of  light  society  comedy 

and  deeply  tragic  humanity The  mystery  is  vndeniaJdy 

interesting."— Evenino  Standard. 

LOVE   AND   THE  IRONMONGER 

By  F.  J.  RANDALL. 

"Since  the  gay  days  of  Mr.  Anstey's  '  Vice  Versa  '  ice  can 
recall  ?io  book  of  purely  farcical  imagination  no  full  of 
excellent  entertainment  ."—Daily  TELEGRAPH. 

"A  book  ?io  one  can  afford  to  neglect." — DAILY  EXPRESS. 


THE  FINANCES  OF 

SIR  JOHN   KYNNERSLEY 

By  A.  (;.  POX-DA  VIES,  Author  of  'The  Dangerrille 

Inheritance'  'The  MAuleverer  Murders,' 
"  Extremely  clever  and  entertaining." — MORNING  Post. 
"Thoroughly  bold,  smart,  and  ingi  nioua" 

Daily  GRAPHIC. 

THE  GATES  THAT  SHALL 
NOT  PREVAIL 

A  Novel    Bj  BBBBBBT  M.  1'ARRINGTon 

[Jutt  out, 

JOHN  LANE,  THE   BODLEY    HEAD, 

LONDON     AND     NEW      YORK. 


MR.  HEINEMANN'S  NEW  BOOKS. 


MEMORIES    OF 

EIGHT  PARLIAMENTS. 

By  HENRY  W.  LUCY. 

With  Portrait.    1  vol.  demy  8vo,  8s.  6d.  net/ 
Sometimes  the  picture  is  deseriptive,  sometimes  critical,. 


V 
til 


but  in  all  cases  both  pregnant  and  suggestive 


Daily  Telegraph. 


RECORDS    OF 

STIRRING  TIMES. 

Based  upon  Unpublished  Documents,  1726-1822. 

Edited  by  M.  MONTGOMERY-CAMPBELL. 

Illustrated.     1  vol.  demy  8vo,  10s.  net/ 

"Nearly  everybody  of  importance   who  lived  in_  these- 

times  is  to  be  met  with  in  these  interesting  pages,  which  are 

of  undoubted  value.       They  throw  light  on  many  dark 

nooks."— Mr.  Lewis  Melville  in  the  Daily  Graphic. 

COMTESSE  DE  BOIGNE. 

The  THIKD  Volume  0.820-1830),  completing  these 
Memoirs,  now  ready.  Demy  Svo,  10s.  net. 

"  The  second  and  third  volumes  are  even  more  interesting 
than  the  first."— Spectator. 

Uniform  with  the  above,  10s.  net  each." 
Vol.  I.,  1781-1814,  and  Vol.  II.,  1815-1819. 

FATHER  AND  SON. 

By  EDMUND  GOSSE. 

With  Frontispiece.     Demy  Svo,  8s.  6<f.  net. 

[Fourth  Impression. 

"Every  page  is  aglow  with  the  very  rapture  of  observa- 
tion and  analysis."— Mr.  Max  Beerbohm  in  the  Saturday 
Review. 


NEW    SIX-SHILLING    NOVELS. 

COME  AND  FIND  ME. 

By  ELIZABETH  ROBINS, 

Author  of  '  The  Magnetic  North,'  &c. 
"  Keeps  one  enthralled.     A  remarkable  book,  full  of  life 
and  wonder  ;  a  book  that  to  read  is  a  liberal  education." 

Morning  Post. 

A  THIRD  LARGE  IMPRESSION  IS  NOW  READY  OF 
MR.  DE  MORGAN'S  NEW  NOVEL. 

SOMEHOW       GOOD. 

By  WILLIAM  DE  MORGAN, 

Author  of  'Joseph  Vance'  and  'Alice  for  Short.' 
"  A  delightful  book,   full   of  humour  and    the  keenest 
observation,  and  rising  more   than  once   to  real  pathos 
admirably  restrained. " — Punch. 

THE    PULSE    OF    LIFE. 

By  Mrs.  BELLOC-LOWNDES, 

Author   of    'Barbara    Rebell,'    &C. 

[Second  Impression. 

"Mrs.  Belloc-Lowndes  has  a  distinction  of  mind  and  of 
style  which  set  her  far  apart  from  and  far  above  the 
ordinary  novel-writer.  It  is  difficult  to  put  the  book  down 
till  it  is  finished."—  Westminster  Gazette. 

WHITE  ROSE  OF  WEARY  LEAF. 

By  VIOLET  HUNT. 

"An  extraordinary  novel,  certain  to  achieve  a  remarkable 
popularity  and  vogue;  crowded  with  real  people,  pulsate- 
witli  real  perplexities  and  passion."— Standard. 

[Fourth 
Impression. 
By  E.  F.  BENSON, 
Author  of   'The   House  of  Defence,'  ftc. 
"  Mr.  Benson  has  never  done  anything  better." — Truth, 

AYTHAN  WARING. 

By  VIOLET  JACOB,  Author  of  '  The  Shoepstealers.' 
"  A  supremely  good  novel."— Pall  Mali  Gazette. 

THE  ISLAND  PHARISEES. 

Ry  JOHN   <•  ALSWORTHY. 
Author  of  'The  Alan  Of  Property  'and  '  The  Country  Bouse, 

[,\eiv  Edition,  entirely  rewritten. 

"In  its  mixture  of  strength,  deliberation  <>f  purpose,  per 
fectionof  detail,  transparent  sincerity,  H  Is  a  book  which 
I  Mil ,  dial  in.  t  and  clear  as  a  work  <>t  conspicuous  pon  1 1 

Nation, 

THE       RING. 

By  BERYL  i  OT  EBB 

'  Prospectus  on  amplication. 

W.M.    HKINKMANN,  21,  Bedford  Street,   VY.C 


SHEAVES. 


:;r,s 


THE     ATHENAEUM 


No.  4195,  Mai:<h  21,  1908 


MUSSRS.  HELL'S  ANNOUNCEMENTS. 


JUST  PUBLISHED,  (cap,  <t..,  lit.  net. 

LELAND'S  ITINERARY. 

Newly  Edited  from  th<-  MS&  by  LUOY  101  I.MIN  SMITH. 
Vol.    II.,    containing   Parts    IV.    and    V.,    with    an   Appendix    of   Extracts 
from  Leland's  Collection. 

it  is  proposed  to  complete  thli  Edition  In  Hre  Volumes,  of  which  \<>l.  L  (containing 
Puts  l.-iil.).  price  18*.  net.  end  Vol.  ill.  (containing  the  ' Itinerary  in  Wales'),  price 
Hi*.  84.  iii-t,  an  already  published. 

NEW  WORKS  BY  ABBOTT  GASQUET,   D.D.   O.S.  B. 

Crown   b\o,   Of,    net  each. 
JUST  PUBLISHED. 

THE  BLACK  DEATH  in  1348  and  1349. 

New  and  Revised  Edition. 

THE  LAST  ABBOT  OF  GLASTONBURY, 

And  other  Essays. 

Illustrated. 

HEADY  SHORTLY. 

THE  OLD  ENGLISH  BIBLE,  and  other  Essays. 

Prospectus  on  application. 


BEADY  IMMEDIATELY,  crown  8vo,  3*.  6d.  net. 

THE  GOSPEL  OF  PAIN 

By  THOMAS  .1.  UAUDY. 
A  small  volume  which  will  be  found  to  pve  with  much  eloquence  and  the  weight  of 
experience  the  witness  of  suffering  to  a  larger  life. 

NOW  READY,  crown  8vo,  6s.  net. 

DECORATIVE  HERALDRY. 

A  Practical  Handbook  of  its  Artistic  Treatment.  By  G.  W.  EVE.  With  about  200 
Illustrations.     New  and  Revised  Edition. 

Illustrated  Prospectus  on  application. 

THE    YORK    LIBRARY. 

Fcap.  8vo,  cloth,-  2s.  net ;    limp  leather,  3*.  net. 

GOETHE'S  AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 

("DICHTUNG  UND  WAHRHEIT.")  Revised  Translations  by  M.  STEELE- 
SMITH,  Head  Lecturer  in  Modern  Languages  at  Newnham  College,  Cambridge. 
With  an  Introduction  and  Bibliography  by  KARL  BREUL,  Litt.D.  Ph.D.     2  vols. 

[Immediately. 

THE    IDYLLS    OF   THEOCRITUS. 

With  the  Eclogues  of  Virgil,  rendered  into  English  Verse  by  CHARLES  STUART 
CALVERLEY,  with  an  Introduction  by  Prof.  R.  Y.  TYRRELL.  [Shortly. 

BELL'S    MINIATURE    BIOGRAPHIES. 

Pott  Svo,   each  with  8  Illustrations,  cloth,   1*.   net ;   limp  leather,   with  Photogravure 

Frontispiece,  Is.  net. 

Painters —  new   volumes. 

BOTTICELLI.    By  R.  H.  Hobart  Cust.  tw*. 

DA   VINCI.    By  R.  H.  Hobart  Cust.  vshomy. 

Musicians — 

GRIEG.    By  E.  Markham  Lee.  [Beady. 

Illustrated  List  on  application. 


THE  CHILDREN'S  BOOK  FOR  EASTER. 

READY  MONDAY  NEXT,  frown  4U>,  fit  *A.  net. 

EASTER  EGGS     An  Easter  Idyll  for  Children. 

By  CHRISTOPHER  VON  RCHMID.     With  many  Illustration*  in  Colour  and  BLulc 
and  White  by  Miss  M.  v.  WHEELHOl     l 

Proepeetut  and  Bptttimtn  Piatt  <■,,  opplirniii-n. 


LES    CLASSIQUES    FRANCAIS    ILLUSTRES. 

PabUes  sou  la  direction  de  DANIEL  O'CONNOR 

Small  crown  8vo,  with  8  Pull  Page  Illustrations   in  Colour,  and  about  30  in  Black  and 

White,  5*.  net. 
NOW    READY. 

GEORGE  SAND.— LES  MAITRES  SONNEURS. 

Preface  d'EMLLE    FAGUET,   de  l'Academie   Prancaise.      Illustration-,  de   M.    V. 
WHEELHOU8E. 

GEORGE  SAND.-LA  MARE  AU  DIABLE. 

Notice   Analytique   de   C.    A.    SAINTE-BEl'VE.      Illustrations    de    GERTRUDE 
LEESE. 

READY    IMMEDIATELY. 

BALZAC.-LES  CHOUANS. 

Illustrations  de  J.  BLAKE  GREENE. 

Illustrated  Prospectus  on  application. 

Crown  8vo,  5s.  net- 

CITIES  AND  SIGHTS  OF  SPAIN. 

A  Handbook  for  Tourists.  By  E.  MAIN  (Mrs.  LE  BLOND).  Author  of  'The  11. _ 
Alps  in  Winter.'  With  56  Illustrations  and  a  Plan  of  a  Tour  in  Spain. 
"  A  clever  and  artistic  contribution  to  a  country  which  has  l>een  loo  much  neglected 
since  Don  Quixote's  days.  Mrs.  Main  has  rilled  the  gap.  Her  214  pages  of  clear  type  are 
bound  in  a  form  that  any  traveller  can  put  in  his  pocket,  and  will  consider  cheap  at  five 
shillings.  There  is  an  index  and  an  excellent  map  of  a  suggested  journey.  The  hints  on 
how  to  get  about  and  what  to  do  are  extremely  valuable." — St.  Jomefi  Gazette. 

Prospectus  on  application. 


ROMAN  PICTURE 


Fcap.  8vo,  is.  net. 

GALLERIES. 


A  Guide  and  Handbook  to  all  the  Picture  Galleries  in  the  Eternal  City.     By  ALICE 
ROBERTSON. 

THE    ART    GALLERIES    OF    EUROPE. 

With  numerous  Full-Page  Illustrations  and  a  Plan.     Each  in  1  voL  large  crown  Svo,  6e.  net. 

THE  ART  OF  THE  VATICAN. 

A  Brief  History  of  the  Palace  and  an  Account  of  the  Principal  Art  Treasures  within 
its  Walls.     By  MARY  KNIGHT  POTTER. 

THE  ART  OF  THE  PITTI  PALACE. 

By  JULIA  DE  W.  ADDISON. 

THE  ART  OF  THE  VENICE  ACADEMY. 

By  MARY  KNIGHT  POTTER. 

THE  ART  OF  THE  LOUVRE. 

By  MARY  KNIGHT  POTTER. 

THE  ART  OF  THE  NATIONAL  GALLERY. 

By  JULIA  DE  WOLF  ADDISON. 

THE  ART  OF  THE  DRESDEN  GALLERY. 

By  JULIA  DE  W.  ADDISON. 

Illustrated  Prospectxis  on  application. 

BELL'S  HANDBOOKS  TO  CONTINENTAL  CHURCHES 

PROFUSELY  ILLUSTRATED.     Crown  Svo,  cloth,  its.  <x(.  net  each. 
CHARTRES.  PARIS  (NOTRE  DAME). 

ROUEN.  MONT  ST.  MICHEL. 

AMIENS.  BAYEUX. 

Detailed  List  on  application. 


BOHN'S        LIBRARIES. 

"  The  new  Series  of  Bonn's  Libraries,  on  which  judicious  bookbuyers  have  long  learned  to  keep  a  careful  eye."— Athkn.-kim. 


This  world-famous  series  now  includes  upwards  of  800  Volumes  in  all  Departments  of  Literature.     Detailed  Catalogue  on  application. 

NEW    V 
3  vols,  small  post  Svo,  3.s'.  6d.  each. 


RANKE'S    HISTORY    OF    THE    POPES 
DURING  THE  LAST  FOUR  CENTURIES. 

Translated  by  E,  FOSTER,     New  and  Revised  Edition,  with  considerable  Additions. 
*„*  This  Edition  has  been  reoised  throughout  by  the  latest  German  Edition,  the  Chapters 
on  Pitts  IX.  and  tlie  Vatican  Councilharc  been  translated  for  the  first  time,  and  a  new  and 
very  full  Index  lias  been  added. 

Small  post  Svo,  3«.  6d. 

MIGNET'S  HISTORY  OF  THE  FRENCH 
REVOLUTION,    from    1789    to    1814. 

New  ami  Revised  Edition,  entirely  reset. 
"Mignet's  striking,  if  not  wholly  impartial,  history  of  the  Revolution— perhaps  the 
best  short  history."— A  the  varum. 


GLUMES. 

COMPLETING    THE    EDITION. 

THE    PROSE    WORKS    OF   JONATHAN    SWIFT. 


Edited  by  TEMPLE  SCOTT.  With  an  Introduction  by  the  Right  Hon.  W.  E.  11. 
LECKY,  M.P.  In  12  vols.  With  numerous  Portraits  and  Facsimiles.  .V.  each. 
Vols.  I. -XI.  ready. 

Vol.  XII.  Bibliography  and  Full  Index,  with  Essays  on  the  Portraits  of  Swift  and 
Stella  by  the  Right  Hon. 'sir  FREDERICK  FA  I. KIN  EH.  K.C.,  and  on  the  Relations 
between  Swift  and  Stella  by  the  Very  Rev.  J.  H.  BERNARD,  D.D.,  Dean  of  St.  Patrick's. 
With  2  Portraits.  [Heady  shortly. 

Small  post  Svo,  5s. 

LUCRETIUS.    A  Prose  Translation. 

Bv   H.    A.   J.   MCNRO 


Introduction 


Ml'NRO.     Reprinted  from  the  Final   (Fourth)    Edition.    With    an 
by  J.  D.  DUFF,  MA. 


London:    GEORGE    BELL   &    SONS,   York  House,  Portugal  Street,  AV.C. 


Editorial  Communications  should  be  addressed  to  "THE  EDITOR '-Advertiseiuents  and  Business  Letters  to  "  THK  PUBLISHERS '- at  the  Office,  Breams  Buildings,  Chancery  Lane.  E.C. 
published  Weekly  by  .JOHN  0.  FRANCIS  and  J.  EDWARD  FRANCIS  at  Bream's  Buildings,  Cliancery  Lane,  E.C.  nud  Printed  by  J.  EDWARD  FRANCIS,  Athena-uni  Press,  Bream's  Buildings,  Chancery  Lone.  E.C. 

Agents  for  Scotland,  Messrs.  BKLL  4  BRADFCTE  and  Mr.  JOHN  MENZIES.  Edinburgh.— Saturday,  March  21,  1908. 


THE  ATHENAEUM 

Jfoarmri  d  <BttgIisIj  attb  Jflmgtt  1  iterator^  §$twm,  tl)£  $int  3lrts,  Jltesti:  an&  tfc  Drama. 


No.  4196. 


SATURDAY,   MARCH   28,    1908. 


PRICE 
THREEPENCE. 

REGISTERED  AS  A  NEWSPAPER. 


T 


3£frtnr*s. 


HE      BRITISH      ACADEMY. 


SCHWEICH  LECTURES  ON  BIBLICAL  ARCHAEOLOGY. 
The  Rev.  S.  R.  DRIVER,  D.D.,  Fellow  of  the  British  Academy, 
Regius  Professor  of  Hehrew  in  the  University  of  Oxford,  will  deliver 
the  SECOND  and  THIRD  INAUGURAL  SCHWEICH  LECTURES 
on  MONDAY,  March  30,  and  THURSDAY,  April  2,  at  5  o'clock. 
in  THE  THEATRE.  BURLINGTON  HOUSE,  BURLINGTON 
GARDENS,  W.  (Vigo  Street),  on  'Canaauas  known  through  Inscrip- 
tion and  Excavation.'    The  Lectures  are  open  to  the  Public. 


(Exhibitions. 


fti 


'HEPHERD    BROS.    SPRING    EXHIBITION 

kj    OF  EARLY  BRITISH  MASTERS  includes  Choice  Works  by 
Reynolds  Hoppner  Raeburn  Cotman 

Gainsborough  dome  Wheatley  Vincent 

Romnev  Constable        Wilson  Stark,  4c. 

SHEPHERD'S  GALLERY,  27,  King  Street,  St.  James's,  S.W. 


N 


|3robioeni  Institutions. 

EW    MAN'S         TRUST. 

For  the  Benefit  of  Unmarried  Daughters  of  Retail  Booksellers. 
In  connexion  with  the 
BOOKSELLERS'    PROVIDENT    INSTITUTION. 

The  sum  of  bit.  is  now  available  for  apportionment  under  the  terms 
of  the  Will  of  the  late  Mrs.  Francis  Elizabeth  Lay  ton,  and  the  Board 
of  Directors  are  prepared  to  receive  applications  from  persons  who 
may  be  duly  qualified  under  the  rule. 

Applicants  must  be  Daughters  of  Retail  Booksellers  as  defined 
below,  who  are  sixty  years  of  age  and  upwards :  also  Daughters  of 
Retail  Booksellers  who  are  under  that  age,  and  whom  the  Board 
■consider  to  be  in  necessitous  cireumstauces. 

The  term  "Retail  Bookseller"  shall  be  taken  to  comprise  every 
Principal  who  shall  have  carried  on  in  Great  Britain  or  Ireland  the 
sale  of  books  by  retail  as  a  part  of  bis  business. 

Application  Forms  and  copies  of  the  Rules  may  be  obtained  by  send- 
ing stamped  and  directed  envelope  to  the  Secretary,  Mr.  GEORGE 
EARNER.  Booksellers'  Provident  Institution,  2S,  Paternoster  Row, 
London. 

NEWSVENDORS'    BENEVOLENT    AND 
PROVIDENT  INSTITUTION. 
Founded  1839. 
Funds  exceed  27,0001. 
Office :  15  and  16.  Farriugdou  Street,  London,  E.C. 
Patron : 
The  Right  non.  THE  EARL  OF  ROSEB\SRY,  K.G.  K.T. 
President : 
The   LORD   GLENESK. 
Treasurer : 
THE  LONDON  AND  WESTMINSTER  BANK,  LIMITED. 

OBJECTS.— This  Institution  was  established  in  1839  in  the  City  of 
London,  under  the  Presidency  of  the  late  Alderman  Harmer,  for 
granting  Pensions  anil  Temporary  Assistance  to  principals  and 
assistants  engaged  as  vendors  of  Newspapers. 

MEMBERSHIP.— Every  Man  or  Woman  throughout  the  United 
Kingdom,  whether  Publisher,  Wholesaler,  Retailer,  Employer,  or 
Employed,  is  entitled  to  become  a  Member  of  this  Institution,  and 
enjoy  its  benefits  upon  payment  of  Five  Shillings  annually,  or  Three 
Guineas  for  life,  provided  that  he  or  she  is  engaged  in  the  sale  of 
News] tapers,  and  such  Members  who  thus  contribute  secure  priority 
of  consideration  in  the  event  of  their  needing  aid  from  the  Institution. 

PENSIONS— The  Annuitants  now  niimticr  Thirty-six,  the  Men 
receiving  'tsl.  and  the  Women  201.  per  annum  each. 

The  "Royal  Victoria  Pension  Fund,"  commemorating  the  great 
advantages  the  News  Trade  enjoyed  under  the  rule  of  Her  late 
Majesty  Queen  Victoria,  provides  20!.  a  yfSl  each  for  Six  Widows  of 
Newsvendors. 

The  "Francis  Fund"  provides  Pensions  ior  One  Man,  251.,  and  One 
Woman  20!.,  and  was  specially  subscribed  in  memory  of  the  late  John 
Francis,  who  died  on  April  0,  1882;  and  was  for  more  than  fifty  years 
Publisher  of  the  iltnunm  He  took  an  active  anil  leading  part 
throughout  the  whole  period  of  the  agitation  for  the  repeal  of  the 
various  then  existing  "Taxes  on  Knowledge,"  slid  was  for  very  many 
staunch  supporter  of  this  Institution. 

The  "  Horace  Marshall  Pension  Fund"  is  the  gift  of  the  late  Mr. 
Horace  Brooks  Marshall.  The  emplo  j/i  s  of  that  firm  have  primary 
right  of  election  to  its  benefit*. 

The  "Herbert  T.loyd  Pension  I'lind"  provides  2.")!.  per  annum  for 
one  man,  in  perpetual  and  grateful  memorvof  Mr.  Herbert  Lloyd,  who 

died  May  12 
The  principal  features  of  the  Rules  governing  election  to  all  Pension! 

rue.  thai  each  (  iinale  iholl  have  been  III  a  Member    of   the  lnstitll- 

tionfi  than  ten  yean  preceding  application  ;(2j  not  less  than 

engaged  in  the  sale  of  Newspapers  for  at  least 

RELIEF-  Temporary  relief  Is  given  In  case*  of  distress,  not  only 

to  Members  (, I  the  Institution,   but  to  Newsvendors  or  their  servants 

who  may  be  recommended  for  assistance  by  Members  of  the  institu- 
tion,   inquiry  is  made  In  such  cues  by  Visiting  Committee*,  and 

relief  in  awarded  in  accordance  with  the  merit f  and  requirements  of 
each  W.  WILK1E  JoMos.  Secretary. 


03  Durational. 


EIH'f    \TIH\ 
Quardlans  deeliing  accurate  information  relative  to 
the  CHOICE  of  SCHOOLS  for  BOYSoi  OIRLS  .,, 
TUTORS  in  England  or  Abroad 
are  invited  to  call  upon  or  send  fnllv  detailed  particulars  to 
MESSRS  GABBITA8,  THRU) 
■who  for  more  than  thirty  yean  hare  been  closely  in  touch  with  the 
l.  ailing  Education  <l  Bstabllshraente. 
Ad\i  is  given  by  Mr    T1IK1NO.  Nephew  of  the 

ierof  Uppingham,  X  Hackvilh- St  ri't.  London,  W. 


T EDUCATION    (ohoioe   of    Bohoola   and    Tutors 
_i    Gratis!     Prospectuses  of  English  and  Continental  School 
of  siireessfnl  Arinv.  fivil  service,  and  UnlvertiferTutors,  *  nl    free 
.,f  ehir."    on  receipt   of   requirements   bv  gki'ffitih.   smith 
POWELL  ft  smith,  Behoof  i.   Bedford 

trend,  W.O, 


THE  DOWNS  SCHOOL,  SEAFORD,  SUSSEX. 
Head  Mistress— Miss  LUCY  ROBINSON,  M.A.  (late  Second  Mis- 
tress St.  Felix  School,  Southwoldb  References:  The  Principal  of 
Bedford  College,  London  ;  The  Master  of  Peterhouse.  Cambridge. 


D 


RAPERS'  COMPANY'S  GIRLS'  SCHOLAR- 
SHIPS. 

The  DRAPERS'  COSIPAN  Yare  about  to  award  THREE  SCHOLAR- 
SHIPS to  enable  specially  promising  Girls  to  study  at  some  place  of 
advanced  education,  either  in  Special  Subjects  to  be  approved  by  the 
Company  or  for  the  Degree  Examination  of  a  University  in  the 
United  Kingdom. 

The  Scholarships  will  be  of  the  value  of  802.  per  annum  each,  and 
will  be  tenable  for  Two  or  Three  Years.  To  be  eligible  for  them.  Girls 
must  be  between  17  and  19  years  of  age  and  must  have  passed  some 
approved  Public  Examination  and  give  other  evidence  satisfactory  to 
the  Company  of  successful  study.  The  Parent  or  Guardian  of  every 
Candidate  must  satisfy  the  Company  that  she  needs  the  assistance  of 
the  Scholarship  to  carry  on  her  education. 

Further  particulars  may  be  obtained  on  application  to  the  CLERK 
TO  THE  COMPANY,  Drapers'  Hall,  Throgmorton  Street,  London,  E.C. 


D 


RAPERS 


COMPANY. 


SOLEY  SCHOLARSHIP  AND  EXHIBITION  FUND. 

The  DRAPERS'  COMPANY  are  about  to  award  TWO  SCHOLAR- 
SHIPS of  60!.  per  annum,  tenable  for  Two  or  Three  Years  at  some 
place  of  Advanced  Education,  for  the  Study  of  Theoretical  or  Applied 
Science.  Art,  Medicine,  or  Law,  or  the  Degree  Examination  of  some 
University  in  the  United  Kingdom.  The  Scholarships  will  be  awarded 
to  (a)  Sons  or  Grandsons,  between  16  and  18  years  of  age,  of  Freemen  of 
the  Drapers'  Company;  to}  other  Boys  of  the  same  age.  The  Parent 
or  Guardian  of  every  Candidate  must  satisfy  the  Company  that  he 
needs  the  assistance  of  the  Scholarship  to  carry  on  his  education. 

The  Company  will  shortly  have  the  right  also  to  nominate  for  an 
EXHIBITION  of  70!.  per  annum,  tenable  for  Three  Years  at  King's 
College,  Cambridge,  a  Son  or  Grandson  of  a  Freeman  of  the  Company 
of  not  more  than  20  years  of  age. 

Further  particulars  may  lie  obtained  on  application  to  the  CLERK 
TO  THE  COMPANY,  Drapers'  Hall,  Throgmorton  Street,  E.C. 


T 


HE 


Jittnaticrns  ^arant. 

UNIVERSITY       OF       LIVERPOOL. 


The  COUNCIL  invite  applications  for  the 

LECTURESHIP  IN  EXPERIMENTAL  PSYCHOLOGY, 
NOW   VACANT.      Duties  to  begin  at    the  commencement  of  the 

Summer  Term.  Salary  150?. — Applications  should  be  in  the  hands  of 
THE  REGISTRAR— from  whom  further  particulars  may  be  obtained 
—not  later  than  MARCH  31,  1908. 


B 


REWOOD      GRAMMAR      SCHOOL, 

STAFFORDSHIRE. 

A  HEAD  MASTER  is  required  for  the  above  School,  to  enter  upon 
his  duties  AFTER  the  EASTER  VACATION.  Salary  200!.,  with 
Capitation  Fees,  amountingto  114!.  for  the  last  year.  Accommodation 
for  35  Boarders  in  the  Head  Master's  House. 

The  School  is  in  receipt  of  Grants  from  the  Board  of  Education. 
There  is  an  Agricultural  Side,  which  is  maintained  by  Special  Grants 
from  the  Staffordshire  County  Council. 

Candidates  must  be  Graduates  of  a  University  in  the  United 
Kingdom. 

Applications,  accompanied  by  copies  of  not  more  than  three  recent 
Testimonials,  and.  if  desired,  the  Names  of  Referees,  must  he  received 
on  or  before  APRIL  2  next  by  the  undersigned,  from  whom  further 
l>articulars  can  be  obtained. 

FREDERICK  T   LANGLEY,  Clerk  to  the  Governors. 

Darlington  Street.  Wolverhampton. 
March  18,  1908. 

CHESHIRE  COUNTY  COUNCIL: 
EDUCATION  COMMITTEE. 

The  above  COMMITTEE  require  a  PR  I NCIPAL  for  the  TRAINING 
COLLEGE  (MIXED)  which  they  are  establishing  at  CREWE.  The 
College  will  open  in  AUGUST.  1908,  in  Temporary  Premises. 

The  Principal  must  be  a  Graduate  of  a  British  University,  must 
have  had  experience  of  teaching,  and  be  familiar  with  the  Organiza- 
tion and  Management  of  an  Educational  Institution,  and  be  well 
acquainted  with  the  History  of  Education  in  England, 

The  Salary  will  be  500!.  per  annum  and  a  Residence.  A  House 
will  be  erected  in  proximity  to  the  College  and  Hostel  for  Women. 
Until  the  opening  of  the  new  College  anil  provision  of  this  House  an 
allowance  will  be  made  towards  a  residence  in  Crewe 

He  will  be  required  to  take  up  his  duties  not  later  than  JULYl, 
1908. 

Applications,  with  not  more  than  siv  recent  Testimonials,  to  he 
sent  to  THE  DIRECTOR  OF  EDUCATION,  City  Road,  Chester, 
not  later  than  APRIL 26.  loos. 

Canvassing  will  be  deemed  a  disqualification. 

HIPLEY        EDUCATION         COMMITTEE. 


S 


APPOINTMENT  OF  HEAD  MASTER  OF  THE  SCHOOL 
OF  ART. 


The  SHIPLEY  EDUCATION  COMMITTEE  invite  applications 
for  the  post  of  HEAD  MASTER  of  the  SCHOOL  OF  ART  at  the 
TECHNICAL  SCHOOL,  BALTAIRK,    Salary  200!  per  annum. 

Particulars  of  the  appointment  may  be  obtained  From  the  under- 
Fumed,  to  whom  applications  should  be  sent  on  or  before  APRIL  14. 
WALTER  POPPLESTONE,  Secretary. 

Education  offices,  Shipley.  March 80,  1006. 


B 


TKKKNHKA1)    Kill  CATION   COMMITTEE. 


(HUES'  SECOND  WW    school. 

Head  Mistress-  Miss  MARY  KENNEDY.  M.A, 

REQUIRED,  after  EASTER,  a  BOIBNOH  mistress,  qualified  to 

teach    Chemistry.    Botany,   and    Elementary   Physios.      Degree   oi 

equivalent    esselit  |;il. 

B  i  i-i  iv  1902,  per  annum,  rising  by  51  annually,  snbjei  t  t<>  satisfactory 
e,  to  Mm.    In  fixing  the  initial  Balary,  experience  will  be  taken 
ii  Ideral  Ian 
Canvassing  Members  <d  the  Committee  will  be  considered  ■  dis 
qualfflcal  Ion 

For  Forms  of  application  [tn  he  ipleted  and  returned  al  once, 

appli    to  tl  Edit,  atton 

Department   Town  Hall,  Rlrkenhean     Furthei  information  maj  be 
obtained  from  THE  HEAD  Sllsi 

ROBERT  T   .TONES,  Secretary, 
Education  Department.  Town  Hall,  Blrkenl 
March  . 


Yearly  Subscription,  free  by  post,  Inland, 
15s.  3d. ;  Foreign,  18s.  Entered  at  the  New 
York  Post  Office  as  Second  Class  matter. 


C 


OUNTY       OF       LONDON. 


The  LONDON  COUNTY  COUNCIL  invites  applications  for  the 
iollowing  ]K>sts  in  the  Secondary  Schools  maintained  by  the  Council. 
The  Candidates  appointed  will  be  required  to  commence  work  after 
the  Summer  Holidays,  1908. 

A.    MASTERS. 


Scuool. 


i     no.  ok      subjects  which  assistants 
Assistants'    woclo    be    required   to 
Requirkd.  Teach, 


BROOKLEY  SECONDARY 
SCHOOL  FOR  BOYS, 
Hillyfields,  ISrockley,  S.E. 

CAMDEN  SECONDARY 
SCHOOL  FOR  BOYS,! 
Hilldrop  Crescent,  N. 


Should  be  specially  qualified 
in  French,  and  will  also  be 
required  to  act  as  Form 
Master. 

lEnglish  Subjects  and  Ger- 
man. 


B.    ASSISTANT    MISTRESSES. 


School. 


ELTHAM  SECONDARY 
SCHOOL  FOR  GIRLS. 
Deansfield  Road,  West 
Hall 

FULHAM  SECONDARY- 
SCHOOL  FOR  GIRLS. 
Dawes  Road,  Fulham 


No.  OF 
Assistants 
Required. 


Subjects   ttTTICH  Assistants 
will  BE   BE4G1RBD  to 

Teach. 


HACKNEY  SECONDARY 
SCHOOL  FOR  GIRLS, 
Cassland  Road,  N.E. 

ST.  PANCRAS  SECOND- 
ARY SCHOOL  FOR 
GIRLS,  Crowndale  Road, 
N.W. 


WANDSWORTH  SECOND- 
ARY SCHOOL  FORI 
GIRLS.     SI  a\  field     Road, 

West  Hill,  Wandsworth 


English  subjects  in  Junior 
Forms. 


(1)  Mathematics   or  Mathe- 
matics and  Science. 
(21  English. 

(3)  French,  with  German  or 
Latin  as  subsidiary  sub- 
jects. 

(4)  Geography,  with  Latin  or 

German    as    subsidiary 

subjects. 
(51  General  subjects. 
Ifil  Classics. 
1 7)  History. 

(II  English. 

12)  Drill  and  Games. 


il)  Science  Mistress  to  take 
Geography  and  Botany 
and  General  Elementary 
Science. 

(2)  Mathematics,  with  Eng- 
lish as  subsidiary  subject. 

(S)  Junior  Form  Slistress 
who  should  be  able  to 
take  English  and  Ele- 
mentary Flench  on  the 
direct  method. 


Geography. 


CHELSEA  SECONDARY 
SCHOOL  FOR  GIRLS, 
llortensia  Road,  Chelsea 


The 
number  of 
Vacancies 

and 

Subjects 

lias  not 

yel  been 

fixed. 


SALARIES. 

ASSISTANT  SIASTERS—  The  commencing  Salary  of  Assistant 
Masters  appointed  to  the  Council's  Secondary  Schools  la  1901,  a  year, 
rising  by  annual  increments  of  10f.,  subject  to  satisfactory  service,  to 
SOOI.  a  year. 

In  cases  where  Masters  arc  placed  En  positlona  of  special  rasnonai.- 
hilitv,  the  Council  may  allow  them  to  proceed  to  a  lughet  maximum 
of  300c.  a  year  by  annual  Increments  of  io(. 

assistant  MlSTRESdES  —The  commencing  Salary  ol  Assistant 
Mistresses  appointed  to  the  Councils  Secondary  Schools  Is  ISM,  a 
year,  rising  by  annual  Increments  of  tot.,  subject  to  satisfactory 
service,  to 2201  a  year. 

In  cases  where  Mistresses  are  placed  in  positions  of  special 
responsibility  the  Council  may  allow  them  to  proceed  to  a  higher 
max i mo m  of  8501  s  year  by  annual  Increments  of  101, 

The  Salary  attaching  to  tin-  post  of  Drill  Slistress  is  a  fixed  one  of 

1301    a  \eal 

Commencing  Salaries  higher  than  the  minima   stated  abort   for 

Assistant     Masters   and    HiStreeSei    Bre    allowed    to    those    with 

factory  experience,  and  in  this  connexion  two  rears  satisfactory 
service  In  s  School  approved  bv  the  Council  for  the  purpose  will  be 
d  as  the  equivalent  of  one  yoai  spent  in  <*ur  ol  the  Council's' 
Schools,  provided  that  (1)  experience  oi  less  than  two  years  in  any 
on.' School  shall  not  be  reckoned,  and  121  noi  mere  than  ten  years' 
outside  servioe  In  all  shall  be  taken  Into  a<  count. 

Application!  should  be  made  on  Form  T   s    BR,  bo   l btained, 

together  with  particulars  of  the  Appointment,  from  the  Clerk  oi  the 
Council,  Education  Offices,  Victoria  Kmbankment,  wc.  to  whom 
they  must   be  returned  no!   later  than  n    vm    on   April   is.    pw.s. 

accompanied  by  Copies  of  three  Testimonials  of  r< nl  date. 

Mi  communications  on  the  subject  musl  i ndorsed  "Teacher  in 

,i  v  Schools    ;  a  stamped  addressed  envelope  must  be  em  loeed. 
Canvassing,  elthei   directly   or   Indirectly,  will   be   held  t..  iH.  ■ 
disqualify  iti.'ii  f"i  emph  ymenl 

Full  particulars  ol  Appointments  in  the  Council's  service  are  given 

in  the  ',.i-, il,.  which  is   published  weekly. 

and  can  be  obtained  from  the  Council's  Publishers,   Messrs.   1'    B 

King*  Son.  Sand  i.  Ores!  Smith  Btreet,  Westminster,  B.W.,  price 

i../     an    issue,   or,   f>r   the   year,   a   i 

non  of  fi«  6d. 

..    i    QOMME.  Clerk  of  the  London  County  (oun.il. 
Education  Offices,  Victoria  Kmlxuikment,  w  C. 


370 


Til  E     ATHENE  I    M 


No.  1196,  .Maim  r  28,  1908 


UNIOR  BALE8MAN   REQUIRED   bj  BIOH 


l  IN 


«  i  ;tu.   Athruiruni    Press.   U.  Bream  • 

llull'li  I  I   ' 


$ituni innr.  WL&uktb. 

Canada  qk  ENGLAND.— GENTLEMAN  (40), 
*,-,iir.l  ,  .      .    speaks    Fun.  ii  perfectly 

and  Im*  a  knowledge  of  other  Languages,  educated  :it   tin-  R.M.A.. 
Woolwl  PERMANENT  BERTH       Not  afraid  of   manual 

work  If  required.     I  ifort  secondary  consideration  provided 

..f  ii  future.— Address  Box  1368,  Athenaeum  Press.  IS,  Bream's 
BuiMiii-  Lani ,  B.0 

A  YOUNG  MAN,  of  Literary  and  Artistic 
desires  POSITION  on  AUT  MAGAZINE  or  Work 
giving  scope  for  mi.  Ii  t  i~t.  «,  Sewn  years'  experience  of  Process 
Work.-L   G.  B..  8,  I  Heme  Hill,  8.E. 


iHisrcUnnrcms. 


PRIVATE  TOURS  FOR  GENTLEWOMEN.— 
Media)1  1  CI  staaug  of  Trance.  Province  of  Tourainc,  Fontaine- 
lileau.  Versailles  Ac.,  APK1I.  8.  Italian  Tour  repeated  APRIL  _*> 
(Rome.  Naples,  Venice.  Florence.  Ac),  Switzerland.  JUNE.  Refer- 
ences exchanged.— Hist  BISHOP,  91,  St.  George's  Road.  Killmrn,  N.W. 

YOUNG  SOLICITOR  desires  EVENING 
EMPLOYMENT— Secretarial,  Legal,  or  Political  Work,  or 
Would  act  aa  Companion,  Reader.  &C.  PoasOflOOfl  Rood  baritone  voice. 
—Box  1*87,  AthansBUm  Press,  13,  Bream's  Buildings.  E.C. 

TRANSLATION    from    Latin,    Greek,    French, 
German.  Italian,  Spanish.     Moderate  terms.    Varied  experience. 
Miss  SELBY.  80,  Northumberland  Place,  Bayswater,  W. 

LITERARY  RESEARCH  undertaken  at  the 
British  Museum  and  elsewhere  on  moderate  terms.  Excellent 
Testimonials— A.  B.,  Box  1012,  Atheiucum  Press,  13,  Bream's 
Buildings,  Chancery  Lane,  E.C. 

TO  AUTHORS  and  publishers.—  INDEXING, 
(Technical,  Scientific,  and  General,  carefullv  undertaken  by 
Miss  JAMES  and  Miss  F.  BEALES.— Excellent  references— Care  of 
Richardson  4  Co.,  25,  Suffolk  Street.  Pall  Mall  East.  S.W. 

A  UNIQUE  OPPORTUNITY  occurs  for  the 
PURCHASE  of  valuable  COPYRIGHTS  of  NOVELS  ;  General, 
Six>rt.  and  Agricultural  Volumes. — Full  particulars  can  be  had  by 
applying  to  A.  R  .  Box  1384,  Athenaeum  Press,  13,  Bream's  Buildings, 
Chancery  Lane.  E.C. 

NORTHERN     NEWSPAPER     SYNDICATE, 

-Ll  Kendal.  SUPPLIES  EDITORS  with  LITERARY  MATTER, 
and  invites  Authors  to  submit  MSS.  of  Serials.  Short  Stories,  and 
Articles.  Proposals  for  Serial  Use  of  all  high-class  Literary  Matter 
receive  careful  and  prompt  consideration.  Telegraphic  Address, 
"Syndicate,  Kendal." 


S.Y. 


ARGONAUT       CRUISES. 


£14  14=.    MARSEILLES,  TUNIS.  SICILY.  NAPLES,  APRIL  15-27 
APRIL  ZS— MAT  11. 
Applv  SECRETARY,  5.  Endsleigh  Gardens.  N.W. 


YPE-WRITING. -The  WEST  KENSINGTON 

OFFICES.    Authors' MSS..  Translations.  &c.    Legal  and  General 
Copying.     Circulars,   kc,   duplicated.     Usual  terms.     References. 

Established    fifteen    years.— SIKES    &    SIKES.    22!l.    Hammersmith 
Road.  W.  (Private  Address  :  18,  Wolverton  Gardens,  Hammersmith*. 


T 


TYPE-WRITING,  9(7.  per  1,000  words.  All 
kinds  of  MSS..  Stories.  Plays.  Novels.  &c.  accurately  TYPED. 
Clear  Carbon  Copies,  3(7.  per  l.nnn.  References  to  well-known  Authors, 
Oxford  Higher  Local.— M.  KING,  24,  Forest  Road,  Kew  Gardens,  S.W. 

TYPE-WRITING  undertaken  by  highly  educated 
Women  (Classica]  Tripos;  Cambridge  Higher  Local:  Modern 
Languages!  Research,  Revision.  Translation.  Shorthand  Dictation 
Room— THE  CAMBRIDGE  TYPE  WRITING  AGENCY,  10,  Duke 
Street,  Adelphi,  W.C 

A  UTHORS'MSS.,  NOVELS,  STORIES,  PLAYS, 
essays  typewritten  with  complete  accuracy,  M.  per 
l.ooo  words.  Clear  Carbon  Copies  guaranteed.  References  to  well- 
known  Writers—  M.  STDART.  Allendale.  Kvmbcrley  Road,  Harrow. 


(■tatakrgws. 


PM.         BARNARD,         M.A. 
•   (Formerly  Classical  Scholar  of  Christ's  College,  Cambridge), 
10,  DUDLEY  ROAD  (opposite  the  Opera  House,  TUNBRIDGE 

WELLS,  ENGLAND. 
CATALOGUE  No   20  JUST  ISSUED— INCUNABULA,  PRINTED 
HOR.E,  ALDINE  PRESS,  BIBLIOGRAPHY. 

CATALOGUES  IN  PREPARATION  :-Rnre  aril  Valuable  Bind- 
ings, manv  with  Royal  Arms  and  Arms  of  Famous  Collectors ; 
English  Literature. 

P.    M.    BARNARD   undertakes   the    formation   of   Libraries   or 
Collections  on  Special  Subjects. 
Out-of-print  Books  sought  for. 

WOODCUTS,  EARLY  BOOKS,  MSS..  4c. 

LEIGHTON'S  ILLUSTRATED  CATALOGUE, 
Containing  1,880  Facsimiles. 
Thick  8vo.  art  cloth.  BBS. ;  half-morocco,  SO*. 
Part  XIIL.    Cal-Chrvs,   with  164  Facsimiles,  including  Berncrs's 
Froissarr.   Cambridge   Bindings,    Cnpgrave,   1H16.  Cepio,  1477,    and  a 
large  collection  of  Early  Chronicles.  1  Aoic  ready.    Piice  2s. 

J.  &  J.  LEIGHTON, 
40,  Brewer  Street.  Golden  Square,  Loudon,  W. 


B 


O  0  K 

I  I  '    i    oi 

PI  BUSHERb-  iti  M  \im.i  . 
All  In  perfi  <  Mi  Now  condition,  as  originally  published,  but  at 
GREATLY  REDUCED  PHII 
i    ■  |  .       post  fret 
WILLIAM  0LAI8HER,  Remalndei        I]        .ant  Bookseller, 
BBS,  High  Holbon,    I 


M 


E  B  B  R  B.     I)  UC  K  W  O  R  T  II     ft    <    0 


In v  it.-  appUc  itions  fur  their  New  Illustrated 

CATALOGUE     OP     BOOKS    OH     ABT, 

Embracing  SCULPTURE.    ARCHITECTURE.  PAINTING.  4.  . 
IThlofa  may  bo  hud  gratis. 

»,    HENRIETTA    STREET.    COVENT    GARDEN,   LONDON.    W.C. 

CATALOGUE  No.  48.— Drawings  of  the  Early 
English  School— Turner's  Lil>er  Studiorum,  ami  other  Engravings 
after  Turner— Etchings  by  Turner,  8.  Palmer,  Whistler— J  a] 
Colour-Prints— Fine-Art   Books— Works  by  Buskin.    Post  free,  six 
pence— WM.  WARD,  2.  Church  Terrace,  Richmond,  Surrey. 


READERS  AND  COLLECTORS  should  write 
for  J.  BALDWIN'S  MONTHLY  CATALOGUE  of  SECOND 
HAND  BOOKS,  post  free  on  application.  Genuine  bargains  in  First 
Editions  and  Scarce  Items.  Books  in  all  Branches  of  Literature. 
No  f  mi  v  prices.  Parcels  sent  on  approval  if  desired.— Address  14, 
Osborne  Road,  Leyton,  Essex. 


B 


OOKS.— ALL    OUT-OF-PRINT  and    RARE 

LOOKS  on  any  subject  SUPPLIED.  The  most  expert  Bookfinder 
extant.  Please  state  wants  and  ask  for  CATALOGUE.  I  make  a 
special  feature  of  exchanging  any  Saleable  Books  for  others  selected 
from  my  various  Lists.  Special  List  of  2.000  Books  I  particularly  want 
post  free—  ED  W.BAKER  '8  Great  Bookshop,  14-18,  John  Bright  Strut. 
Birmingham.  Oscar  Wilde's  Poems,  21s.,  for  10s.  6d. ;  Harmsworth's 
Encyclopaedia,  10  vols,  last  edit.,  258. ;  Who's  Who,  2  vols.  1907.  5a. 

THIRST   EDITIONS   of  MODERN  AUTHORS, 

-L  including  Dickens,  Thackeray,  Lever,  Ainsworth  ;  Books  illus- 
trated by  G.  and  R.  Cruikshauk.  Phiz.  Rowlandson,  Leech.  &c.  The 
largest  and  choicest  Collection  offered  for  Sale  in  the  World.  CATA- 
LOGUES issued  and  6ent  post  free  on  application.  Books  Bought  — 
WALTER  T.  SPENCER.  27.  New  Oxford  Street.  London.  W.C. 


A  NCIENT  and  MODERN  COINS.— Collectors 

XI  and  Antiquarians  are  invited  to  apply  to  8PINK  4  SON. 
Limited,  for  Specimen  Copy  (gratis)  of  their  NUMISMATIC  CIRCU- 
LAR. The  finest  Greek,  Roman,  and  English  Coins  on  View  and  for 
Sale  at  Moderate  Prices.— SPINK  4  SON.  Limited.  Experts,  Valuers, 
and  Cataloguers,  16,  17,  and  18,  Piccadilly,  London,  W.  Established 
upwards  of  a  Century. 


Jbtiljars'  JVgmts. 


THE  AUTHOR'S  AGENCY.— Established  1879. 
The  interests  of  Authors  capably  represented.  Agreements  for 
Publishing  arranged.  MSS.  placed  with  Publishers.— Terms  and  Testi- 
monials on  application  to  Mr.  A.  M.  BURGHES,  24,  Paternoster  Row. 


MR.  GEORGE  LARNER,  Accountant  and 
Licensed  Valuer  to  the  Bookselling.  Publishing,  Newspaper, 
Printing,  and  Stationery  Trades.  Partnerships  Arranged.  P.alance 
Sheets  and  Trading  Accounts  Prepared  and  Audited.  All  Busiuess 
carried  out  under  Mr.  Lanier's  personal  supervision.— 28,  29,  and  30, 
Paternoster  Row,  E.C,  Secretary  to  the  Booksellers'  Provident 
Institution. 


J3rint*r8. 


ATHENAEUM  PRESS.— JOHN  EDWARD 
FRANCIS,  Printer  of  the  Atherutum,  Notes  and  Queries,  4c.  Is 
prepared  to  SUBMIT  ESTIMATES  for  all  kinds  of  BOOK.  NEW:!. 
and  PERIODICAL  PRINTING.— 13,  Bream's  Buildings,  Chancery 
Lane.  E.C. 


^ahs  by  Jbttiiott. 


Valuable  Books,  including  the  Library  of  the  late  JOSEPH 
GREGO,  Esq.  (by  order  of  the  Executrix),  and  other 
Properties. 

MESSRS.  PUTTICK  &  SIMPSON  will  SELL 
by  AUCTION  at  their  Galleries,  47.  Leicester  Square.  W  C. 
on  MONDAY.  April  IS,  and  Following  Day,  at  10  minutes  past 
1  o'clock  precisely,  the  above  LIBRARIES,  comprising  Standard 
Works  in  all  Branches  of  Literature— Sporting  and  Dramatic  Books- 
Books  with  Coloured  Plates— valuable  First  Editions— a  very  fine 
Illuminated  Book  01  Hours— a  Fifteenth-Century  MS.— and  other 
Items,  further  particulars  of  which  will  be  announced. 

Catalogues  in  preparation. 

MESSRS.    CHRISTIE,   MANSON   &  WOODS 
respectfully  give  notice  that  the;   will   hold   the  following 

SALES  by  AUCTION,  at  their  Great  Rooms.  King  Street.  St.  dames  s 
Square,  the  Sales  commencing  at  1  o'clock  precisely  :— 

On    MONDAY,    March    30,    PICTURES    and 

DRAWINGS  of  the  NORWICH  SCHOOL  and  WORKS  by  OLD 
MASTERS. 

On    THURSDAY,     April    2.    and    FRIDAY. 

April  S.  OLD  ENGLISH  and  other  FURNITURE.  PORCELAIN. 
FAIENCE,  and  OBJECTS  of  ART  of  the  late  T.  EL  1SMAY.  Esq, 

On    FRIDAY.     April     3,     PORCELAIN    and 

DECORATIVE  FURNITURE  from  various  sources,  and  FAIENCE 
and  TAPESTRY  of  the  late  W.  J.  MUCKI.EY.  Esq. 

On     SATURDAY,     April    4,     IMPORTANT 

PICTURES  and  DRAWINGS,  the  Property  of  the  late  T.  II.  IRMAT, 
Esq  ;  Choice  WORKS  bv  .1  M.  W.  TURNER.  R.A..  the  Property  oi 
Sir  ALEXANDER  F.  ACLAND-HOOD,  Hart.  M.P. ;  and  Fine 
MODERN  PICTURES  and  DRAWINGS,  the  Property  of  the  late 
HARRY  COGHILL.  Esq. 


/  and  Manv trripti  i  a  Portion  of  the  Libra 

tii.im.JAMh     i     DICE   /.-■'.'.-      rfffr m Tgnt. 

MESSRS  SOTHEBY,  WILKINSON  A  BODGE 
will 

Including    b  UBRAR1       '    ' '  -    late  J  All  I 

DDK     I  •■•  satis  on  Tyne.  and  other  Properties,  cum] 

Poetical.      Biographical      and     Hlntorical     H 

relating  to  Scotland  —  TuiioKrephy  —  Engra- 

Dookii.    and  Worki   on    Natural  111. tor)   and    Botany— Reviews  ana 

Periodicals— Foreign    Publications— Illustrated    Works— a    o>rl«*    of 

1   Kiliiiiun  -  ■    i  -r  Works  ly 

hsBologla  Cantiana,  SO  voU  —J 
Studii 

Llnnean  Bocli  New*. 

I«pers— Archaeological  Works— Collier's  Book  of  Koxburghe  Ballads. 
the  Author'e  Original  Proof  Copy.  A' 

May  l>e  viewed.    Catalogues  may  be  had. 

Work*  of  Art. 

\]  E8SR8. 80THEBY,  WILKINSON  ft  HOD 

iyJL  will  SELL  by  AUCTION  at  tb.-ir  House,  No.  )::.  Wellington 
Street,  Strand.  W  c.  on  WEDNESDAY.  April  1.  and  Following  Day. 
at  1   o'clock  precisely.   WORKS    OF    ART.  comprising  Old   English 

-Oriental.  English  and  Continental  Porcelain— Old  English 
Cut  Glass— Japanese  Netsukis,  4c. 

May  l>e  viewed  two  days  prior.    Catalogues  may  be  had. 


Tlte  valuable  Collection  of  Engravings  and  I)ravrings 
foi  me&  b>j  the  late  Mr.  BTDBftT  GROSE. 

MESSRS.  SOTHEBY,  WILKINSON  &  HODGE 
will  SELL  bv  AUCTION  bv  order  of  the  Executors',  at  their 
House.  No.  IS,  Wellington  Street.  Strand.  W.C.  on  MONDAY. 
April  fi.  and  I'our  1  '     rs.  at  ]  o'clock  precisely,  the  valuable 

COLLECTION  of  ENGRAVINGS  and  DRAWINGS  formed  by  the 
late  Mr  SYDNEY  GROSE  comprising  Fancy  Subjects.  Portraits, 
&c.   principally    by    English    Arti-ts    of    t  th    Century, 

many  printed  in   Colours— a  large  number  ol  -..oetly 

fine  "old  Coloured  Impressions— Portraits  of  Celtf  r  ■  ins- 

Naval  and  Topographical  Prints— Water-Colour  and  other  Drawings. 
May  be  viewed  two  days  prior.    Catalogues  may  be  had. 


Collection  of  Engravings  by  Hnllar. 

MESSRS.    HODGSON   &    CO.    will   SELL  by 
AUCTION,  at   their  Room«.  115.  Chancery   Lone.   W.C.  on 
I'AY.   March  SI,  at  1    o"clocfc  a  remarkable  COLLECT! 
ENGRAVINGS  by  WENCESLAUS  HOLLAR,  comprising  upwards  of 
1,500  separate  Plates,  many  in  Early  States. 

To  be  viewed  and  Catalogues  had. 

Valuable  Miscellaneous  Books. 

MESSRS.  HODGSON  &   CO.,    will   SELL  by 
AUOTIOH  at    their   Rooms.   115.   Chancery   Lane.    W.C.    on 
THURSDAY.   April  2.  and  Following  Day.  at    I 
LAN  ROUS    BOOKS,   including  the  Library  of   t 
PALMER  (by  order  of  the  Executorsi  and  Books  the  Prope" 
J.  GOOCH.  Esq..  of  Garden  Lodge.  Kensington,  comprising  BY 
Shakespeare  Gallery— Hogarth  s  W,,i  'k-   ]-_-.  — Na-ti-  Mansions.  Four 
Series.  Original  Edition — Heaton's  Furniture  and   '  _  vols. 

—Smith's  Catalogue  Raisonne.  8  vols.— Ornithological  Works  by 
Edwards,  Lewin.  Meyer.  Hewitson.  and  Mori  D  India  and 

America—  Crisp's  Visitations.  16  vols.,  and  other  Antiquarian  and 
Topoiraphieal  Works— Standard  Historical  and  Theological  Works — 
Keats  Lamia.  1S20.  and  other  First  Editions— Oscar  Wilde's  Writings, 
12  vols.,  Japanese  Vellum  Copy,  and  others  by  the  same. 

To  lie  viewed  and  Catalogues  had. 

R'tre  and  Valuable.  Books,  inchtdina  a  Select  'n  from  an  old 
country  Library,  th.-  property  of  Sir  ARCHIBALD  ir. 
WHITS,  Bait.,  ofWaXUngwdb,  Worksop. 

MESSRS.  HODGSON  &  CO.  will  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  at  their  Froms.  115.  Chancery  Lane.  W.C,  on 
WEDNESDAY.  April  8,  and  Following  Day,  at  1  o'clock.  RARE  and 
VALUABLE  BOOKS,  comprising  Books  in  Old  English  Literature- 
selected  from  the  al>ove  Library,  and  other  Properties— Drsyton's 
Poemes  Lyrick  and  Pastoral  I1S0.V  and  the  Poems  of  1808— the  Fourth 
Folio  Shakespeare— Parkinson  s  Paradisi.  Original  Edition.  1G29.  and 
other  old  Herbals— Goldsmith's  Vicar  of  Wakefield.  First  Edition. 
2  vols.,  176*>.  and  other  Rare  and  Early  Editions  in  Seventeenth  and 
Eighteenth  Century  Literature— the  Original  Edition  of  The  Germ- 
Looks  relating  to  America— Ackermann's  Oxford  and  Cambridge 
Universities.  4  vols  .  uncut— Coloured  Plate  Books  by  Aiken  and 
others,  in  the  original  wrappers— Annals  of  Sporting  and  Fancy 
Gazette,  with  the  rare  list  number.  13  vols.— Old  Scrip  Books  and 
Albums  ;  also  valuable  Standard  Works,  comprising  the  Best  Editions 
of  Shakespeare,  Bacon.  Beaumont  and  Fletcher.  Swift.  Bentham, 
Fronde  00  vols '.  and  many  others,  chiefly  in  calf  gilt,  and  morocco 
bindings— Goupil's  Historical  Monographs,  including  the  Queen 
Elizabeth.  &c. 

Catalogues  on  application. 


M 


Sales  of  Miscellaneous  Property. 
R.  J.   C.   BTEVBNS   l>egs  to  announo©  that 

SALES  are  held  EVERY  FRIDAY,  at  his  Roams.  S'.  King 
Street.  Covent  Garden.  London.  W.C.  for  the  disposal  of  MICRO- 
SCOPES.   SLIDES    and    OBJECTIVES— Telescopes— Theodolites 

I. .\ .  Is  — Electrical  and  Scientific  Instruments— Cameras.  1/emee.  and 
all  kinds  of  Photographic  Apparatus— Optical  Lanterns,  with  Slides 
and  all  Accessories  in  great  variety  by  Best  Makers— Household 
Furniture— Jewellery— and  other  M iscellaneous  Property. 

On  view  Thursday  2  to  5  and  morning  of  Sale. 


^tng^ttus,  &c. 


THE    BUILDER   (founded  1842),  4,    Catherine 
-     .  at,  London.  W  C  .  March  SBth,  contains  :— 
I  or.l  h.N  BUILDING  REGULATIONS.- IX 
NOTES  FROM  SCOTLAND. 

ELLESMERE  TORT  BOHOOL  COMPETITION. 
DOMESTIC    WORK    OF    THE    RENAISSANCE    IN   ENG- 
LAND i  Architectural  Association'. 
REINFORCED  CONCRETE  BEAM  FORMULJE   (Student  6 
Column). 

COMPETITION  DESIGN  FOR  LONDON  COUNTY  HALL. 
SANCTUARY  FITTINGS.  ST.  MARY  S  CHURCH,  LATCH- 
FORD. 
ST.  HILDA.  CROFTON  PARK. 
VILLAGE  CLUB.  SANDON.  STAFFORDSHIRE. 

From  Offices  as  above  (id.,  by  post  4kd.),  at  Rail- 
way Bookstalls,  Bookshops,  and  of  all  Newsagents. 


No.  4196,  March  28,  1908 


THE    ATHENAEUM 


371 


CHARLES    GRIFFIN     &    CO.'S,    Ltd.,    NEW    BOOKS    AND    NEW    EDITIONS. 


FORTHCOMING. 


ALLOYS,    and  their    Industrial   Applications.    By  Edward 

F.  LAW,  A.R.S.M.  In  large  crown  8vo,  haudsome  cloth.  Fully  illustrated 
("  Griffin's  Metallurgical  Series,"  New  Volume). 

METALLIC    ALLOYS,  their  Structure  and  Constitution* 

By  GILBERT  H.  GULLIVER,  B.Sc.  F.R.S.E.   In  crown  8vo,  cloth.  Fully  illustrated. 

PRACTICAL   METALLURGY,   An    Introduction   to.     By  Prof. 

THOS.  TURNER,  A.RS.M.  F.I.C.     In  crown  8vo,  handsome  cloth.    Fully  illustrated. 

COLOUR  MANUFACTURE,  A  Comprehensive  Treatise  on. 

Comprising  the  Manufacture,  Investigation,  and  Practical  Application  of  Colouring 
Matter.  By  GEORGE  ZERR  and  Dr.  R.  RUBENKAMP.  Translated  by  Dr.  C. 
MAYER. 

DYEING,  A  Manual  of,    ByE.  Knecht,  Ph.D.,  Chr.  Rawson,  F.I.C., 
and  R.  LOEWENTHAL,  Ph.D.    Second  Edition,  Revised  throughout.    In  2  vols. 


DYEING  AND    CLEANING,    A    Handbook    of. 

FARRELL,  M.Sc.     In  crown  8vo,  cloth,  very  fully  illustrated. 


By    Fraxk    J* 


THE  COTTON  WEAVERS'  HANDBOOK.  A  Practical  Guide  to 
the  Construction  and  Costing  of  Cotton  Fabrics,  with  Studies  in  Design.  By 
H.  B.  HEYLIN,  of  Royal  Technical  Institute,  Salford.     Fully  illustrated. 

A    HANDBOOK     FOR    CEMENT    WORKS'    CHEMISTS.      By 

FRANK  B.  GATEHOUSE,  F.C.S.     In  handsome  cloth.     Fully  lilustrated. 

RUBBER    GOODS,  The    Manufacture  of.      By  Adolf   Heil 

and  Dr.  W.  ESCH.    Translated  by  E.  W.  LEWIS,  A. C.G.I.  F.C.S.    Fully  illustrated. 

THE  DESIGN  AND  CONSTRUCTION  OF  SHIPS.  By  John 
HARVARD  BILES,  LL.D.  M.Iust.N.A.  In  large  8vo.  Two  Volumes,  sold 
separately.    Vol.  I.    Ready  very  shortly.    Vol.  II.  at  Press. 

STEEL   SHIPS,    their    Construction    and    Strength.     By 

THOMAS  WALTON,  Author  of  '  Present- Day  Shipbuilding,'  &c.     Fourth  Edition. 
Revised  and  Enlarged.     Profusely  illustrated. 

THE      SCREW      PROPELLER,     and      other     Competing 

Instruments   for   Marine   Propulsion.       By    A.    E.    SEATON,  M.InstC.E. 
M.I.Mech.E.  M.I.N. A.     In  crown Svo.     Fully  illustrated. 


TRANSFORMERS.  By  Hermann  Bohle,  M.Inst.E.E.  of  Cape  Town. 
Edited  by  D.  ROBERTSON,  B.Sc.  A.I.E.E.     In  large  8 vo.     Illustrated. 

ELECTRICAL    AND     PETROL-ELECTRICAL    CARS.      By    W. 

POYNTER    ADAMS,    M.I.E.E.       Being  Vol.  IL   of  'Motor-Car  Mechanism  and 
Management.'    In  crown  8vo,  cloth.    Very  fully  illustrated. 

ELECTRICAL  SIGNALLING  IN  MINES.  By  Gerald  Hooghwimcel, 
M.Inst.M.E.  M.I.M.E.     In  crown  8vo,  handsome  cloth.     Fully  illustrated. 

THEODOLITE      SURVEYING     AND      LEVELLING.       For    the 

use  of  Students.     By  Prof.  JAMES  PARK,  F.G.S.    Crown  8vo.     Fully  illustrated. 

PHYSICO-CHEMICAL  TABLES.  Volume  II.  (with  Index,  completing 
the  Work),  Chemical  Physics,  Pure  and  Analytical  Chemistry.  By  JOHN  CASTELL 
EVANS,  F.I.C.  F.C.S. 

DAIRY  CHEMISTRY.  For  Dairy  Managers,  Chemists,  and  Analysis. 
By  H.  DROOP  RICHMOND,  F.LC.    Second  Edition,  Revised  throughout. 

SOIL     BACTERIA.       By    James   Clark,    M.A.    D.Se.    A.R.C.S.      In 

crown  8vo,  handsome  cloth.    Fully  illustrated. 

TECHNICAL  MYCOLOGY,  the  Utilisation  of  Micro- 
organisms in  the  Arts  and  Manufactures.  By  Dr.  FRANZ  LAFAR.  Vol.  II. 
Part  II.  completing  the  Work,  at  Press. 

SEWAGE  TREATMENT,  A   Manual   on    the  Principles  of. 

By  Prof.  DUNBAR,  of  the  Inst,  of  State  Hygiene,  Hamburg.     Translated  by  H.  T. 
CALVERT,  M.Sc.  Ph.D.  F.LC.    With  about  150  Illustrations. 

FORENSIC  MEDICINE  AND  TOXICOLOGY.  By  J.  Dixon  Mann, 
M.D.  F.R.C.P.     Fourth  Edition,  Revised  and  Enlarged. 


INFANCY    AND    INFANT 

of  Children  in  Early  Life. 
Revised  and  Enlarged. 


REARING:   a  Guide  to  the  Care 

By  JOHN  B.  HELLIER,   M.D.     Second   Edition, 


THE  WORK  OF  THE  DIGESTIVE  GLANDS.     By  Prof.  Pavlov  of 
St.  Petersburg.    Translated  by  W.  H.  THOMPSON,  M.D.,  Ac.    Second  Edition. 

TROPICAL     MEDICINE,    HYGIENE    AND     PARASITOLOGY. 

By  GILBERT    E.    BROOKE.    M.A.    L.R.C.P.    D.P.H.     In  leather,    Pocket    Size 
(Griffin's  Medical  Pocket  Book  Series,  new  volume),  12s.  6rf.  net. 


JUST     PUBLISHED. 


IRON,  The  Metallurgy  of.  By  Prof.  Thomas  Turner,  A.R.S.M. 
F.I.C.  Third  Edition,  Revised  throughout  and  with  over  100  new  pages  and  many 
new  Plates.     16s.  net. 

LEATHER  TRADES'  CHEMISTRY.  By  S.  R.  Trotman,  M.A. 
F.LC.     Fully  illustrated.     In  large  Svo,  cloth,  15s.  net. 

DICTIONARY     OF    SPANISH     AND     SPANISH  -  AMERICAN 

MINING,  METALLURGICAL  AND  ALLIED  TERMS.     By  EDWARD 
HALSE,  A.  R.S.M.     Illustrated.     In  crown  8vo,  cloth,  10s.  Gd.  net. 

VALVES    AND    VALVE-GEARING.       By    Charles    Hurst.      Fifth 

Edition,  Revised  aud  Enlarged,  10s.  Gd. 


TELEGRAPHIC    SYSTEMS,    and   other    Notes.      By  Arthur 

CROTCH,  of  the  Engineer-in-Chief's  Dept,  G.P.O.     Illustrated.     5s.  net. 

HARBOUR   ENGINEERING,  The   Principles  and   Practice 

of.     By  BRYSSON  CUNNINGHAM.     Profusely  illustrated.      In  large  Svo,  10s.  net. 


MECHANECAL 

R.  S.  MCLAREN. 


ENGINEERING 

With  105  Illustrations. 


FOR        BEGINNERS.        By 

In  crown  Svo,  5s.  net. 


MINING  GEOLOGY.  A  Text-Book  for  Mining  Students  and  Miners. 
By  Prof.  JAMES. PARK,  F.G.S.  M.Inst.M.M.  Second  Edition,  Revised.  Fully 
illustrated.     6s. 


OTHER     RECENT    WORKS. 


PRESENT-DAY  SHIPBUILDING.  For  Shipyard  Students,  Ships' 
Officers.  a;id  Engineers.     By  THOS.  WALTON.    Profusely  illustrated.     7s.  Gil.  net. 

ROAD-MAKING  AND  MAINTENANCE.  A  Practical  Treatise. 
By  THOS.  AITKEN,  A.M.Inst.C.E.    Second  Edition.     21s.  net. 

PRACTICAL    CALCULATIONS    FOR    ENGINEERS.     By   C.    E. 

LAHAKD,  A.M. Inst C.E.,  and  H.  A.  GOLDING,  A.M.Mcch.E.     Cloth,  6s.  net. 

ENGLISH-SPANISH    AND  SPANISH-ENGLISH  SEA  TERMS 

AND  PHRASES.    By  Fleet-Paymaster  GRAHAM  HEWLETT.     3s.  (id.  net. 

MEDICAL  ETHICS.  By  Robert  Saundby,  M.D.  M.Sc.  LL.D. 
Second  Edition,  Reset  on  Large  Page,  7s.  (id.  net. 

BREWING,  The  Principles  and  Practice  of.    By  W.  J.  Sykes, 

II  I).,  and  A.  R.  LING,  F.LC.     Third  Edition.     Cloth,  21*  net. 

THE  PROBLEM  OF  FLIGHT.  By  Herbert  Ciiatley,  B.Sc. 
Fully  illustrated.     In  large  Svo,  cloth,  10s.  Gd.  net. 

MARINE  ENGINEERING.  Comprising  the  Designing,  Construction, 
mii.I  Working  of  Marine  Machinery,  liy  A.  E.  SEATON",  M.Inst.C.E.  M.I.Mech.E., 
<fcc.     Sixteenth  Edition.     21*.  net. 


PETROL    MOTORS   AND    MOTOR-CARS.      By   F. 

Fully  illustrated.     In  large  8vo,  cloth,  18s.  net. 

SHAFT-SINKING     IN     DIFFICULT    CASES.       By 


Strickland. 

G.      RlBMKR. 
1!.     BjoBXING 


TraniUled  by  .1.  W.  BBOUGH,  A.M.Inst.C.E.    10s.  <;.(.  net. 

PEAT:    ITS   USE   AND    MANUFACTURE.      Bv   P 
and  F.  T.  QIS8ING.    Fully  Illustrated    cs.  net. 

LOCOMOTIVE     COMPOUNDING    AND    SUPER  -  HEATING. 
By  J.  !•'.  GAIBNS.    illustrated.    In  large  8ro,  8*.  0<L  net 


DESIGN. 

By  Alexander  Judb. 
Prof. 


THERMO-DYNAMIC     PRINCIPLES    OF     ENGINE 

By  LIONEL  M.  HOBBS.     In  large  8vo,  cloth,  4s.  (id.  net. 

THEORY    OF    THE    STEAM    TURBINE. 

With  262  Illustrations.     In  cloth,  15s.  net. 

LECTURES    ON    THE    MARINE  STEAM   TURBINE.     lv 

J.  HARVARD  BILES,  M.Inst.M.A.     In  largo  crown  Svo,  cloth,  6s.  net. 

THE    SYNTHETIC     DYESTUFFS,   and    the    Intermediate 

Products  from  which  they  are  derived.    By  J.  C.  CAIN,  D.Sc.,  and  .1.   F. 
THORPE,  Ph.D.     10s.  net. 

PAPER  TECHNOLOGY.  The  Manufacture,  Physical  Properties,  and 
Chemical  Constituents  of  Paper  and  Paper-Making  Fibres.  By  R.  w.  SINDALL. 
F.C.S.     12*.  Gd.  net. 

GLUE,  GELATINE,    and  their  allied    Products.      liy   Tims. 

LAMBERT,    lilustrated.    In  large  crown  8TO,  6&  net. 

CALCAREOUS  CEMENTS,  their  Nature,  Preparation,  and 

Ijror.    By  O.  R.  REDGRAVE,  A.I.C.E.,  and  CHAs.  SPACE  M  \N,  r.r.s.    Second 

Edition.     15s.  net. 


CLAYWORKERS'    HANDBOOK. 

Svo,  handsome  cloth,  6s.  net. 

MINING    LAW    OF    THE    BRITISH    EMPIRE. 

ALFORD,  F.G.S.  M.Inst.M.M.     In  crown  Svo,  cloth,  Bf.  Off.  net 


With  30  Illustrations.     In  crown 
By   Ciiaki  BS  •'. 


TESTING  EXPLOSIVES,  New  Methods  of.     Bv  C.    E.   Biohkl, 

and  AXEL   LARSEV,   M.Inst.C.  E.      With   I    Full -l'.i-e  and  4   folding   Plates.       In 
medium  Svo,  cloth,  (is.  net. 

GENERAL  FOUNDRY  PRACTICE.     By  A.   Mr  William,  A.R.S.M., 
and  PERCY  LONOMUIE.     Fully  illustrated.    16s.net. 

ELEMENTS  OF  CHEMICAL  ENGINEERING.    ByG.  Gro8SW  inn, 
M.A.  PhD.  F.I  a,  an  i  Preface  by  Sii  wm.  ramsay,  k.c.h.    Be.  6.'.  net 


A  FULL  AND  DESCRIPTIVE  CATALOGUE  SENT  POST  FREE  ON  APPLICATION. 


London:     CHARLES   GRIFFIN   &   CO.,   Limited,    Exeter   Street,   Strand. 


372 


t  ii  E    Arr  h  i;x/i:  r  m 


No.  419g,  Maim  n  28,  1908 


SMITH,  ELDER  &  CO.  8  NEW  BOOKS 

— ♦ — 

.it  si  PUBLISH]  i> 
\V:  I- ami  Ma])-.     14s.nct. 

MEMOIRS  OF  FIELD-MARSHAL 

Sir  HENRY  NORMAN 

BV 

si,-  WILLIAM  LEE-WARNER,  K.C.S.I. 

Auth'i  of  'The  Protected  Princes  of  India,'  Ac. 

NEW  VOLUME  OF  THE    "WATERLOO 
LIBRARY." 

NOW  READY.     Crown  Svo,  3s.  6d. 

ADAM     GEIGSON. 

By  Mr-.  HENRY  DE  LA  PASTURE, 

Author  of '  Peter's  Mother,'  Ac. 

ENGLISH  SOCIALISMOF 

second     TH-L1AV     2s* 6d* 

EDITION.  I  U    Unit  net. 

Its  Teachings  and  its  Aims  eximined. 
By  the  Right  Hon. 
H.    0.    ARNOLD-FORSTER,    M.P. 

Daily  Telegraph. — "A  book  which  deserves  and  which 
we  hope  to  see  attain,  the  very  widest  circulation." 

BRITISH 

SOCIALISM: 

An   Examination   of   its   Doctrines,   Policy, 

Aims,  and  Practical  Proposals. 

By  J.    ELLIS   BARKER, 

Author  of    '  Modern   German}','    '  The   Rise    and 
Decline  of  the  Netherlands,'  &c. 

Small    demy    8vo,    10s.    6d.    net. 

Daily  Hail.—"  No  review  could  do  justice  to  this  admir- 
able book  ;  the  reader  should  buy  or  borrow  it  and  study 
it  for  himself." 

NEW    6/-    NOVELS. 

AT  ALL  LIBRARIES   AND  BOOKSELLERS'. 

THE  ALIEN  SISTERS 

By  Mrs.  PERCY  DEARMER, 
Author  of  '  The  Difficult  Way,'  '  Brownjohn's,'  Ac. 
Morning  Post.  —  "  Mrs.  Dearmer  has  written  a  remarkable 
book,  full  of  many  passages  of  real  beauty,  showing  great 
powers  of  observation  and  insight,  and  enriching  our  affec- 
tions with  two  or  three  sympathetic  studies  of  really  good 
men  and  women." 

DAN.  RIACH :  SOCIALIST 

By  the  AUTHOR  of  '  MISS  MOLLY.' 

THE  CORNHILL  MAGAZINE. 

For  APRIL.    Price  One  Shilling. 
ConteMs. 

WROTH.    Chape.  XXIII.  XXV.    By  Agnes  and  Egerton 

Castle. 
A   FRIEND  <)F  QUEEN   VICTORIA. 
THE  BOOK  <)N  THE  TABLE.    By  Virginia  Stephen. 
MR.  GLADSTONE  AT  OXFORD,  1890.    By  C.  R.  L.  F. 
A  MEMORY  OF  SEVILLE.     By  Ian  Malcolm. 

SOME  PRINCIPLES  OF  THE   POOR  LAW.     By  Mrs. 
Henrietta  O.  Barnctt. 

REOINA'S  PATH  is  CROSSED.    By  Dorothea  Deakin. 

THE    LEITERS   OK   JOHN   CARNE.      By  .7.   Churton 

Collins. 

THE  LONG  ARM.     By  Bernard  Capes. 

AT  LARGE.    X.    OCR  LACK    OF  GREAT   MEN.    By 
Arthur  C.  Benson. 

CATHERINE'S    CHILD.      Chaps.    VIII.IX.      By    Mrs. 
Henry  de  la  Pasture. 


London:    SMITH,    ELDER   A   CO. 
15,  Waterloo  Place,  S.W. 


HARPERS' 
MAGAZINE. 

Unrivalled     for     the      varied 
attractiveness  of  its  Contents. 

APRIL     NUMBER 

Contains  among  other  items  : — 

MRS.   HUMPHRY  WARD'S  GREAT  SERIAL, 
THE  TESTING  OF  DIANA  MALLORY. 

MARJORIE    BOWEN'S    STORY. 
(Author  of  'The  Viper  of  Milan') 

A  PRINCESS  OF  KENT. 
HOW  THE  BRAIN  WORKS. 

By  Dr.  E.  A.  AYERS. 

HENRY  JAMES'S  SHORT  SERIAL. 

JULIA  BRIDE. 
JUSTUS  MILES  FORMAN'S 
Complete  Story.  GREATER  LOVE. 

ELLEN  GLASGOW'S  CONTRIBUTION. 

THE  IMMORTAL. 
THE  COURTYARDS  OP  PARIS. 

By  VANCE  THOMPSON. 

RICHARD  LE  GALLIENNE'S 

THE  WAY  OF  A  DREAM. 

H.  W.  NEVINSON'S  ARTICLE, 

THE  CHURCH  OF  ARARAT. 
NORMAN  DUNCAN'S 
Newfoundland  Story.  THE  SURPLUS. 

Illustrated     throughout. 

HARPER  &  BROTHERS' 

NEW  BOOKS. 
BERTRAND  OF  BRITTANY. 

By  WARWICK  DEEPING, 
Author  of  '  A  Woman's  War.' 
Typically  mediaeval  in  wild  adventure. 


6s. 

[Shortly. 


THE     BARRIER.  Illustrated. 

By  Rev.  E.  BEACH,  6s. 

Author  of  '  Spoilers  of  the  North.'  [Shortly. 

A  buoyant,  bracing  story  of  Alaska. 

FENNEL  AND  RUE.     illustrated. 

By  W.  D.  HOWELLS,  [Shortly. 

Author  of  'Between  the  Dark  and  the  Daylight.' 

Based  on  a  curiously  interesting  literary  episode. 

KING     SPRUCE.  Illustrated. 

By  HOLMAN  DAY,  6s. 

Author  of  'Squire  Phin.'  [Shortly 

An  exciting  story  of  the  vast  American  timber 
districts. 

WORLDS   IN   THE  MAKING: 

The  Evolution  of  the  Universe. 

Illustrated.  [Shortly. 

By  Prof.  SVANTE  ARRHENIUS.         6s. ' 
Translated  by  Dr.  H.  BORNS.    Post  free  6*.  Ad. 

MEMOIRS  OF  A 

RUSSIAN  GOVERNOR.  [V  ,,,„,,, 

By  Prince  SERGE  D.  URUSSOV.    6s. 
"Unbiassed,  and  unvarnished  by  sensationalism." 

Mornhvj  Post. 


HARPER  &  BROTHERS, 
4.1,  Albemarle  Street,  London,  \V. 


CROSBY  L0CKW00D  &  SON'S 

NEW   AND   RECENT   BOOKS. 

— • — 

Just  published,  either  looms  in  cloth  portfolio  or  bound  in 
(loth,  royal  folio,  ji«.  n«-t. 

PORTFOLIO  OF  MEASURED  DRAW- 
INGS (School  of  Anliii.-.  Uir-  I  :,.-■:  ry  of  i.i>er- 
pool),  Volume   II.,  Edited,  with   a  CrT;      .    I>       ription 

of   the    Buildings,    by    C.    II.    REILLY,    M.A..    ami 
PATRICK      ABERCROMRIE,     respectively     I: 
Professor  and  Lecturer  in  the  University  of  Liverpool. 
ConUlniiiK  a  oomplote  Kxternnl  Hurvey  of  the  tMowtaa  hntyMnm 
Willi  detail  drawinga  to  a  larxe  Made  :— The  liauk  of  Kiiffland.  Cattle 
Street.  Urerapei,  :i  Plate*— Bronx*  Internal  l>oorii.  Mt.  Ueonre't  Hall 
Lheriiool.  1  Plate— St   Paul .  Church   Lirerpoet,  5  Plate.— The  0.ue*n 
Anne  Block,  Greenwich  Palace,  ■   Plates— Monica   flnltop     Black- 
heath,  7  Plates— The  t'nhemty  Llhrary.  Cambridge,  3  Plat**— The 
Screen  in  the  CI. ii*l,  Lincoln  fill  kef  ll.  Oxford.  2  PUtes— The  Palace 
of  the  Petit  Trianon,  Versailles,  Courtjard  I>etailx,  1  Plate—  Pal>»> 
BeriUoqna,  Verona,  i  Plate— Porta  Nuova.  Venae,  :;  PUte»— tijeke 
Hall,  Lancaahire,  «  Plates— Porta  Patio,  Verona,  3  Platen. 

Just  published,  Second  and  Cheaper  Edition, 

royal  Sw.,  -ji*.  net. 

OIL    FIELDS    OF     RUSSIA     AND    THE 

EUSSIAN  PETROLEUM  INDUSTRY.  A 
Practical  Handbook  on  the  Exploration,  Exploitation, 
and  Management  of  Russian  Oil  Properties.  Including 
Notes  on  the  Origin  of  Petroleum  in  Russia,  a  Descrip- 
tion of  the  Theory  and  Practice  of  liquid  Fuel,  and  a 
Translation  of  the  Rules  and  Regulations  concerning 
Russian  Oil  Properties.  By  A.  BEEBY  THOMPSON, 
A. M.I. M.E.  With  numerous  Illustrations  and  Photo- 
graphic Plates. 

Just  published,  258  pages,  145  Illustrations,  demy  8vo, 

10*.  id.  net. 

WIRELESS  TELEPHONY    IN    THEORY 

AND  PRACTICE.  By  ERNST  RUHMER  Trans- 
lated from  the  German  by  JAMES  ER-SKINE- 
MURRAY,  D.Sc,  F.R.S.E.,  M.I.E.E.  With  an 
Appendix  by  the  Translator. 

Demy  8vo,  330  pages,  with  Illustrations,  10*.  6rf.  net. 
A  HANDBOOK  OF  WIRELESS  TELE- 
GRAPHY: its  Theory  and  Practice.  Pot  the 
Use  of  Electrical  Engineers,  Students,  and  Operators. 
By  JAMES  ERSKINE-MURRAY,  D.Sc.,  F.R.S.E., 
M.I.E.E.  

Large  crown  8vo,  328  pages,  233  Illust  rations,  7*.  <kl.  net. 
THE  CONSTRUCTION  OF  DYNAMOS. 

(Alternating  and  Direct  Current.)  A  Text-Book 
for  Students,  Engineer-Constructors,  and  Electrieians- 
in-Charge.  By  TYSON  SEWELL,  A.M.I.K.E.,  Lec- 
turer and  Demonstrator  in  Electrical  Engineering  at 
the  Polytechnic,  Regent  Street,  London,  Author  of 
'The  Elements  of  Electrical  Engineering.' 

Medium  8vo,  450  pages,  400  Illustrations,  12a  Od.  net- 
MODERN     STEAM    ENGINEERING    IN 

THEORY  AND  PRACTICE.  An  entirely  New 
Work  for  Steam  I'seis  Electricians,  Firemen,  and 
Engineers.  By  GARDNER  D.  HISCOX,  M.E  With 
Chapters  on  Electrical  Engineering  by  NEWTON 
HARRISON,  E.E.   

Medium  Svo,  482  pages,  700  Illustrations,  16*.  net. 
PUNCHES,    DIES,    AND     TOOLS     FOR 

MANUFACTURING  IN  PRESSES.  A  Cyclo- 
paedia of  Die-Making,  Punch-Making,  Die-Sinking, 
and  Sheet  Metal  Working.  By  JOSEPH  V.  WOOD- 
WORTH.  

Medium  Svo,  424  pages,  315  Illustrations,  12*.  net. 
MODERN    AMERICAN     LATHE    PRAC- 
TICE.  An  entirely  New  Work  on  the  Origin,  Develop- 
ment, and  Design  of  the  American  Lathe.    Bv  OSCAR. 
E.  PERRIGO,  M.E. 

Crown  Svo,  1,000  pages,  1,000  Illustrations,  8*. 
THE    ENGINEER'S    YEAR-BOOK     FOR 

1908.  (Revised  to  Date  and  Enlarged.)  Comprising 
Formula1,  Rules,  Tables,  Data,  and  Memoranda  in 
Civil,  Mechanical,  Electrical,  Marine,  and  Mine 
Engineering.  By  H.  R.  KEMPE,  M.Dist.C.E., 
M.l.E.  E,  Electrician  to  the  Post  Office,  formerly 
Principal  Staff  Engineer,  Engineer-in-Chief's  Office, 
G.P.O.,  London. 

Detnv  Svo,  340  pages,  numerous  Illustrations,  lit,  Cxi.  net. 

CHEMISTRY  OF  GAS  MANUFACTURE. 

A  Practical  Manual  for  the  Use  of  Gas  Engineers,  Gas 
Managers,  and  Students.  By  HAROLD  M.  ROYLE, 
Chief  Chemical  Assistant  at  the  Beckton  Gasworks. 

Medium  Svo,  370  pages,  12*.  ('«?.  net. 
SOLUBILITIES    OF     INORGANIC    AND 

ORGANIC  SUBSTANCES.  A  Handbook  of  the 
most  Reliable  Quantitative  Solubility  Determinations. 
Recalculated  and  Compiled  by  ATHERTON  SEIDELL, 
Ph.D.  (J. II. U.), Chemist,  of  the  V.B.  Public  Health  and 
Marine-Hospital  Service,  &C. 

4to,  64  pages,  15  Full-Page  Plates,  12*.  net. 
A      GRAPHICAL      HANDBOOK      OF 

REINFORCED  CONCRETE  DESIGN.  By 
JOHN  HAWKESWORTH,  C.E.,  consisting  of  a  Series 
of  Plates  showing  graphically,  by  means  of  Plotted 
Curves,  the  required  Design  for  slabs,  Beams,  and 
Columns  under  various  conditions  of  External  Loading, 
together  with  Practical  Examples  explaining  the 
Methods  of  using  each  Plate.  With  an  Appendix 
containing  the  Requirements  of  the  Building  Code  of 
New  York  City  in  regard  to  Reinforced  Concrete. 


London  :  CROSBY  LOCK  WOOD  &  SON, 
7,  stationers'  Hall  Court,  E.C.,  and  121a,  Victoria  St.,  S.W. 


No.  4196,  March  28,  1908 


THE    ATHENAEUM 


373 


The  GRANT  RICHARDS  BOOKS 


A    SELECTION 


FIFTY  YEARS  OF  MODERN  PAINTING: 
COROT  TO  SARGENT.  By  J.  E.  Phythian, 
author  of  '  G.  F.  Watts,'  &c.  With  8  Repro- 
ductions in  Colour  of  Paintings  by  Whistler, 
Daumier,  Rossetti,  J.  S.  Sargent,  Monet,  Manet, 
Degas,  and  Millais,  and  32  in  Half-Tone.  At  all 
Bookshops,     10s.     6d.     net.        Send     for     Prospectus 

"A  very    excellent    history,  thoroughly  sound    and    able under 

his  treatment  tbe  welter  cf  modern  schools  and  tendencies 
assumes  some  semblance  of  order.  His  criticism  is  always 
sane  and  lucid,  and  his  work  will  prove  invaluable  to  many."  — 
Morning  Post.       "  Giving  evidence  of  unusual  range  of  sympathy 

and    catholicity  of   judgment  It    is    readable    and    sound,     the 

work  not  of  a  partisan  practitioner  of  painting,  but  of  a  man 
who    is   a   writer,    and  fit    to    be    accounted    a    responsible    critic. 

We     congratulate    the     writer."— Pali,    Mall    Gazette.     "Mr. 

Phythian's  book  must  be  warmly  commended." — Daily  Telegraph 


THE  BIRDS  OF  THE  BRITISH  ISLANDS. 
By  Charles  Stonham,  C.M.G.,  F.R.C.S.  With  over 
300  Photogravures  by  L.  M.  Medland,  F.Z.S.  Com- 
plete in  20  Parts  (Part  IX.  now  ready).  Royal  4to, 
7s.  6d.  net  each.  5  vols.,  buckram  gilt,  36s.  net  each  ; 
half-vellum  gilt,  42s.  net  each  (vols.  1  and  2  now  ready) 

♦'The  reputation  of  Mr.  Stonham  as  an  ornithologist  is  secure 
in    all    museums,  no    man    of   his    generation  is    more   learned    in 

the  haunts  and  habits  of  bird   life The  results  of  his  laborious 

researches  be  is  now  giving  to  the  public  in  the  shape  of  a 
study  of   British    Birds    which    needs    only  to    be    known    to   take 

its    place    as    a    standard    work    upon    its    subject The    artist's 

work  is  delicate,  life-like,  harmonious;  no  possible  pains  have 
been  spared    to   make    these    illustrations  the    best    of   their    kind. 

We  doubt  if  a  finer  set  of  plates  have  ever    been  devoted  to 

ornithology,  and  at  the  price  the  whole  series  will  form  a  veritable 
bargain  To  all  country  house  libraries  it  will  almost  certainly  be 
considered  a  necessity."— Mr.  W.L.Courtney  in  The  Daily  Telegraph 


THE  HERITAGE  OF  DRESS:  Being  Notes  on 
the  History  and  Evolution  of  Clothes.  By  Wilfred 
Mark  Webb.  With  11  Plates  and  over  150  other  Illus- 
trations by  W.  J.  Webb.  Demy  8vo,  cloth  gilt,  15s.  net 
"The  history  and  evolution  of  clothes  is  an  ever-enthralling 
subject,  and  Mr.  Webb  has  dealt  with  it  from  every  conceivable 
point  of  view."— WORLD.     "An  interesting  book,  easy  and  pleasant 

to    read altogether    full    of  interesting   matter    concerning    our 

everyday  and  ceremonial  dress."  —  WESTMINSTER  Gazette.  "A 
most  entertaining  book."  —  Daily  Mail.  "Full  of  the  most 
fascinating  information  of  a  kind  which  should  really  be  known 
by  all  who  wish  to  understand  the  significance  of  modern  dress. 
It  should  be  read  by  every  student  of  history  and  social  life." — 
'I'mi. ink.  "Mr.  Webb's  research  has  been  most  exhaustive,  and 
his  book  is  really  instructive  and  entertaining."— Daily  CHRONICLE 


NEW       FICTION 

BEATRIX  OF  CLARE.  By 
John  Reed  Scott,  author 
of 'The  Colonel  of  the  Red 
Huzzars,'  &c.  With  4  Illus- 
trations in  Colour.       Price  6s. 

"To  those  who  enjoy  a  good  his- 
torical romance  we  can  thoroughly 
recommend  Mr.  Scott's  novel. '  — 
Athen^um.  "  Holds  one  captive  from 
the  first  page  to  the  last."— Scotsman 


A  COMEDY  OF  MAMMON. 
By   Ina   Garvey.        Price   6s. 

"One  laughs  heartily  over  her 
combat  with  the  American  girl,  her 
Platonic  Studies,  her  callous  flirta- 
tions, and  her  engagement  to 
Mr.JosiahMultimull such  delight- 
ful     caricature."  —  The      Observer 


WHEN  KINGS  GO  FORTH 
TO  BATTLE.  By  W.  Wal- 
lace Whitelock.  With  4  Illus- 
trations in  Colour.     Price  6s. 

"  The  tale  is  lively,  fresh,  and 
exciting."  —  Morning  Leader. 
"Neatly  contrived,  with  a  brisk  flow 

of    exciting     incident Fresh    and 

vigorous."  —  Sheffield    Independent 


ROSES  AND  RUE.  By 
Horace  Wyndham,  author  of 
'  Audrey  the  Actress,' &c.    6s. 

"  Contains  some  of  the  best 
work  which  Mi.  Wyndham  has 
ever  put  forth fresh,  humour- 
ous    and     witty."  —  Bristol    Times 


THE  INDIVIDUALIST. 
By  Philip  Gibbs,  author  of 
4  Knowledge    is    Power.'      6s. 

"This  sane,  logically  -  conceived, 
clever,  and  broad-minded  novel,  is 
very  true  to  life.  There  are  so 
many  fine  bits  of  desc  iption, 
so  many  thrilling  moments," 
says  T.  P.  O'Connor  in  P.T.O. 
"  The    story   is    engrossing."— Times 


SEND     FOR     LIST 


GRANT    RICHARDS:    LONDON 


374 


T  BE    ATHEN^UM 


No.  4196,  Maim  ii  28,  1908 


SECOND  IMPRESSION. 

MODERN    EGYPT. 

11 Y  Tin: 

EARL  OF   CROMER. 

Witli  Portrait  and  a  Map,     2  vols.  -2U.  net. 


THE  STORY  OF  THE  GUIDES. 

Bj  Col  O.J.   YOl'XCMirsB  VNI),  <  .15.,   QuMIl'l   Own 

Corps  of  Guide*.    With  Illustrations.    Bw>,  7s.  c«/.  nab 
Baoonntn  tha  moat  notable  achievements  <>f  the  bunous 
Indian    reeiment  from  its    foundation  t>y  Lawrence  and 

l.UUlsil 


,c»  muni-,  uir    iu>«->^/  ii»wi»it    ihiiilii,iihih  .    ...     ....*.    ..... 

i.in   regiment  from  it*   foundation  by  Uiwrenoe 
naden  in  L8M  to  the  Maiakand  Expedition  of  1897. 


GENERAL  HISTORY  OF 
WESTERN    NATIONS    FROM 
5000  B.C.   TO   1900  A.D. 

By  BMIL  REICH,  Doctor  Juris,  Author  of  'Atlas  of 

Khglish  History/  Ac,  Part  I.  ANTIQUITY.     Vols.  I. 

and  II.     Svo,  15*.  net. 

The  two  volumes  treat  (1)  of  the  method  of  history  ;  (2) 

of  the  great  inland  empires  of  Egypt,  Assyria.  Babylon,  the 

Hittitee,  Ac,  ;  (3)  of  the  bonier  nations  called  the  Hebrews, 

the  Phoenicians,  and  the  Archaic  Hellenes;  (4)  the  historic 

Greeks  ;  (.">)  the  Romans. 

ATLAS  ANTIQUUS. 

In  Forty-eight  Original,  Graphic  Maps,  with  Elaborate 
Text  to  each  Map,  and  full  Index.  By  Dr.  EMIL 
R E IC  H.     Crown  4to,  10*\  net. 

THE      SUPPLIANT       MAIDENS. 

THE  PERSIANS.  THE  SEVEN  AGAINST 
THEBES.  THE  PROMETHEUS  BOUND 
OP   ^SCHYLTJS. 

Translated  into  English  Verse  by  E.  D.  A. 
MORSIIEAD,  M.A.     Pott  Svo,  Is.  Gd.  net. 

[Golden  Treasury  Series. 

HIGHWAYS  AND  BYWAYS 
IN  HAMPSHIRE. 

By  D.  H.  MOUTRAY  READ.  With  Illustrations  by 
ARTHUR  B.  CONNOR.     Extra  crown  8vo,  6s. 

[Tuesday. 

EVERSLEY  SERIES. -New  Volumes. 

LIFE  OF  RICHARD  COBDEN. 

By  JOHN  MORLEY.    2  vols.    Globe  Svo,  8s.  net. 

[Tuesday. 

EPIC  AND  ROMANCE. 

Essays  on  Medieval  Literature.  By  Prof.  W.  P.  KER. 
NEW  AND  CHEAPER  EDITION.     Globe  Svo,  4«.  net 

THE  PRIMAD0NNA.4|eq^lto 

By  F.  MARION  CRAWFORD. 

Extra  crown  Svo,  Cs. 
THE    LETTERS     OF         Selected  and 

MARTIN  LUTHER.    *— n*  m 

MARGARET  A.  CURRIE.    8vo,  12*.  net 

*»*  The  first  collection  in  English  of  the  Letters  of  the 
great  Reformer. 

A    NEW    BOOK    ON    BUDDHISM. 

THE  INWARD  LIGHT. 

By  H.  FIELDING  HALL,  Author  of  'The  Soul 
of  a  People,' Ac.  SECOND  IMPRESSION.  8vo,  10*. 
net. 


THE  ORIGIN  OF  A 
LAND  FLORA. 


A  Theory  based  upon  the  Facts  of  Alternation.  By 
Prof  F.  O.  BOWER,  Sc.D.  F.R.S.  With  numerous 
Illustrations.     8vo,  18*.  net. 


HURST  &  BLACKETTS 

NEW  LIST. 


SECOND  EDITION  JUST  PUBLISHED. 

AN    ELEMENTARY   COURSE 
OF  PRACTICAL  ZOOLOGY. 

By  the  late  Prof.  T.  JEFFERY  PARKER,  D.Sc. 
F.R.S.,  nnd  Prof.  W.  N.  PARKER,  Ph.D.  Crown 
8vo,  10*.  M. 

MACMILLAN    &    CO.,  Ltd.,    London. 


SIX-SHILLING    NOVELS. 
NOW    HEADY. 

NEW  NOVEL  BY  RALPH  R0DD 
Author  of  'A  Fighter  in  Khaki.1 

THE  HAND  ON  THE  STRINGS. 

NEW  NOVEL  BY  A  NEW  WRITER. 

THE    SQUATTERS    WARD. 

By  E.  S.  SORENSON. 

"  It  is  a  relief  to  have  thin  kind  of  story  told  with  the 
vigour  and  knowledge  of  Australian  life  with  which 
Mr  Sorenson  tells  it.  He  succeeds  in  making  a  quite 
pleasant  and  exciting  narrative." — Daily  Graphic. 

NEW  NOVEL 

BY  CHRISTABEL  COLERIDGE, 

Author  of   '  An  English  Squire,'   '  The  Tender 

Mercies  of  the  Good,'  &c. 

MISS      LUCY. 

"An  excellent  novel.... we  have  insight  into  character 
and  individuality,  clever  portrait  painting,  a  sympathetic 
touch,  and  much  else  that  lifts  this  novel  from  the  rock." 

Daily  Graphic. 

NEW  NOVEL  BY  EDWARD  McNULTY 

Author  of  '  Maureen,'  'Misther  O'Ryan,'  &c. 

MRS.  MULLIGANS  MILLIONS 

"One  of  those  breezy  rollicking  stories  of  Irish  life  that 
will  put  everybody  in  good  spirits.  Its  humour  is  as  bright 
and  infectious  as  anything  that  ever  came  from  Charles 
Lever." — Standard. 

NEW  NOVEL  BY   MRS.  ALICE  DIEHL, 

Author  of  '  The  Garden  of  Eden,'  '  True  Story 
of  My  Life,'  &c. 

AN  ACTORS  LOVE  STORY. 


"T.1E    ENGLISH    CATALOGUE' 
IS  INDISPENSABLE."     A i iii.n.i.i'm. 


71st  Year  of   Issue. 


NEW  NOVEL  BY  MRS.  FRED  REYNOLDS, 

Author  of  '  A  Quaker  Wooing,'  '  In  Silence,'  &c. 

ST.  DAVID  OF  THE  DUST. 

"  As  the  story  unfolds,  and  with  it  the  characters  of  the 
simple  yet  shrewd  mountain-dwellers,  there  is  something 
in  the  "drama,  its  persons  and  scenery,  that  compels 
interest  and  sympathy." — Athetueum. 

NEARLY  BEADY. 

NEW  VOLUME  BY  SARAH  GRAND. 

EMOTIONAL    MOMENTS. 

NEW  NOVEL  BY  MADAME  ALBANESI. 

DRUSILLA'S  POINT  OF  VIEW. 
EDNA  LYALLS  NOVELS. 

In    a   new  artistic   binding,    crown   8vo,    38.    6d. 

DONOVAN :  a  Modern  Englishman. 

WE  TWO. 

KNIGHT  ERRANT. 

IN  THE  GOLDEN  DAYS. 

WON  BY  WAITING. 

A  HARDY  NORSEMAN. 

TO  RIGHT  THE  WRONG. 

IN  SPITE  OF  ALL. 

HISTORY  OF  THE  WAR  IN 
SOUTH    AFRICA,    1899 1902. 

Compiled  by  the  direction  of  ELM.  Government. 

VOLS.    I.    AND    II.    NOW    READY. 

Vols.  III.  and  IV.  in  preparation. 

Price  21*.  each  net ;  or  Vs.  (x/.  each  net  if  the  i  volumes 
are  subscribed  for. 

HURST    &    BLACKETT,    Limited, 
182,  High  Holborn,  W.C. 


THE 


ENGLISH 
CATALOGUE 

OF 

BOOKS 

FOR  1907 

GIVES    IN 

ONE  ALPHABET, 

UNDER 

AUTHOR  and  TITLE, 

the  Size,  Price, 

Month  of    Publication, 

and  Publisher 

OF 

BOOKS  ISSUED  IN 
THE  UNITED  KINGDOM. 


A  DIRECTORY 

OF    THE 

Publishers  of  the  United 
Kingdom 

is   also    given,    with    their    Telephone   and 
Telegraph  Addresses, 

ALSO 

List  of  the  Leading 
American  Publishers. 


334  pp.  cloth,  roy.  Svo,  6s.   net. 


London  : 

SAMPSON  LOW,  MARSTON  &  CO.,  Limited 

Tudor  House,  Warwick  Lane,  E.C.,  and 

100,  Southwark  Street,  E.C. 


No.  4196,  Maech  28,  1908 


THE    ATHENAEUM 


375 


SATURDAY,  MARCH  28,  1908. 


CONTENTS. 

PAGE 

Our  First  Ambassador  to  China        375 

Modern  Egypt 376 

The  Admiralty  of  the  Atlantic       378 

Annali  dell'  Islam 379 

New  Novels  (The  Duke's  Motto  ;  The  Ancient  Law  ; 
The  Marquis  and  Pamela  ;  The  Fly  on  the  Wheel ; 
Isle  Raven  ;  Many  Junes  ;  The  Night  that  brings 
out  Stars  ;  A  Comedy  of  Moods  ;  The  Castaway) 

330-381 

Our  Library  Table  (Dictionary  of  National  Bio- 
graphy ;  India  and  the  Empire ;  The  New 
Dominion  ;  Memoirs  of  a  Russian  Governor  ;  The 
Eversley  Tennyson  ;  Nelson's  Library ;  Qui  Etes- 
Vous  ?  The  Western  Independent)     . .        . .      381—382 

Notes  from  Cambridge  ;  'Lisbon  and  Cintra'    382—383 

List  of  New  Books 383 

Literary  Gossip        384 

Science— Sir  George  Darwin's  Scientific  Papers  ; 
Prof.  Fleming  on  Electric  Wave  Telegraphy  ; 
The  Romance  of  Steel  ;  Darwinism  To-Day  ; 
Technical  Thermodynamics  ;  Chemistry  and 
Physics  ;  Elementary  Statics  ;  A  School 
Course  on  Physics  ;  Research  Notes  ; 
Societies;  Meetings  ;  Gossip       ..       ..     386—392 

Fine  Arts— Two  Books  on  Engraving  ;  Exhibi- 
tions of  Works  by  Living  Artists  ;  Early 
British  Masters  ;  Mr.  McLean's  Gallery  ; 
Sale;  Gossip;  Exhibitions 392—395 

Music-Great  Musicians  ;  Gossip;  Performances 
Next  Week         395 

Drama— Marjory  Strode  ;  The  Grand  Guignol 
Company  ;  Gossip 395—390 

Index  to  Advertisers       396 


LITERATURE 


Our  First  Ambassador  to  China  :  an 
Account  of  the  Life  of  George,  Earl  of 
Macartney.  By  Helen  H.  Bobbins. 
(John  Murray.) 
The  most  interesting  and  valuable  part  of 
this  biography  of  the  Earl  of  Macartney, 
the  first  and  only  holder  of  the  title,  is 
the  hitherto  unpublished  journal  of  his 
embassy  to  China,  which  occupies  nearly 
half  the  volume.  If  to  this  are  added 
the  copious  extracts  from  his  correspond- 
ence from  the  various  parts  of  the  world 
where  he  served  his  country  with  much 
ability  and  great  honour  to  himself,  it 
may  be  said  that  the  present  work  is  to 
a  large  extent  autobiographical.  Mrs. 
Robbins,  sister  of  Mr.  C.  G.  Macartney  of 
Lissanoure,  the  Earl's  representative,  has 
wisely  allowed  the  chief  person  concerned 
to  tell  in  his  own  language  the  story  of  his 
public  life.  We  thus  obtain  a  much 
more  intimate  and  picturesque  account 
of  one  who  took  a  considerable  part  in 
the  affairs  of  his  time  than  was  furnished 
in  Sir  John  Barrow's  '  Memoir  '  published 
just  a  century  ago. 

Lord  Macartney  was  not  merely  a  man 
of  marked  ability  and  considerable  achieve- 
ment, but  was  also,  in  respect  of  probity 
and  a  fine  sense  of  honour,  far  ahead  of 
the  majority  of  his  contemporaries. 
Throughout  his  official  career  he  con- 
sistently refused  to  avail  himself  of  any 
of  the  illicit  means  of  increasing  his  salary 
then  in  vogue,  and  this  abnegation  was 
as  conspicuous  at  the  beginning  of  his 
public  service  as  at  its  close.  During 
his  mission  to  St.  Petersburg  he  rejected 
the  emoluments  which  it  was  the  custom 
to  appropriate,  and,  to  use  his  own 
words,  "  sustained  my  character  by  in- 
volving   myself    in    a  debt    of    6,000/." 


On  leaving  Madras  he  sent  in  a  full  list 
of  the  presents  he  had  received,  all  of 
which  he  had  placed  to  the  credit  of  the 
East  India  Company  in  the  public 
treasury  ;  and  during  his  Chinese  mission 
there  is  more  than  one  reference  to  the 
care  he  took  in  seeing  that  the  funds  at 
his  disposal  were  in  no  case  misapplied. 
Two  instances  of  this  scrupulous  vigilance 
may  be  mentioned.  The  immense  present 
of  rice  given  to  him  by  the  ruler  of 
Annam  when  he  anchored  in  Turon  Bay 
was  sent  by  his  orders  to  the  Company's 
granary  at  Macao  ;  and  on  his  return 
from  Peking  he  handed  over  to  the 
Company's  chief  agent  the  presents  that 
had  not  been  distributed  in  China.  Such 
exactness  in  the  regulation  of  accounts 
was  extremely  rare  in  those  days,  and  in 
India  it  was  altogether  unknown.  It 
explains  to  a  great  extent  his  refusal  of 
the  Governor-Generalship  in  1785  in 
succession  to  Warren  Hastings,  and  indeed 
there  are  several  passages  in  which  he 
criticizes  the  state  of  Anglo-Indian  society 
in  no  measured  terms.  He  saw  clearly 
that  the  system  of  governing  India 
would  have  to  be  changed,  and  that  it  was 
impossible  for  a  commercial  company  to 
exercise  sovereign  power  indefinitely  with 
due  regard  for  the  interests  of  the  subject 
people  and  the  reputation  of  the  Empire. 

There  can  be  no  doubt  that  but  for 
bad  health,  arising  from  frequent  severe 
attacks  of  gout,  Lord  Macartney  would 
have  made  a  wider  reputation  than  he 
did  as  an  administrator.  He  was  exceed- 
ingly ambitious,  and  in  one  of  his  letters 
admitted  that  "  I  may,  and  probably 
do,  entertain  a  higher  opinion  of  myself 
than  any  one  else  does  "  ;  but  on  more 
than  one  occasion  an  attack  of  illness 
intervened  to  prevent  his  acceptance  of 
tempting  offers  made  by  the  Government 
of  the  day.  This  explains  how  it  happened 
that  his  excellent  work  in  the  West  Indies 
and  Madras  never  brought  him  the  higher 
reward  (except  in  the  matter  of  titles) 
on  which  he  might  have  counted,  and 
that  his  chief  claim  to  fame  rests  on  his 
embassy  to  China.  Lord  Macartney  was  a 
born  diplomatist,  and  as  a  young  man  he 
developed  his  natural  talent  by  making 
the  grand  tour,  and  stopping  long  enough 
in  the  principal  countries  to  master  their 
languages.  When  he  was  only  twenty- 
seven  he  was  sent,  as  Sir  George  Macartney, 
to  St.  Petersburg  on  a  special  mission,  and 
gained  the  heart  of  the  Empress  Catherine 
by  his  well-turned  compliments.  Never- 
theless he  fully  recognized  that  the 
civilization  of  Russia  was  then  mainly 
on  the  surface,  and  in  a  comparison  he 
instituted  thirty  years  later  between  the 
cultured  Russian  and  the  cultured  Chinese 
he  awarded  the  palm  to  the  latter. 

Lord  Macartney,  then,  will  live  in 
history  chiefly  as  our  first  Ambassador 
to  China.  Mrs.  Robbins  seems  to  think 
that  this  embassy  is  generally  regarded  as 
a  failure,  but  such  is  not  the  case.  The 
embassy  itself  was  a  remarkable  SUCO 
and  in  the  Chinese  annals  the  Macartney 
mission  is  spoken  of  as  one  exceeding  in 
splendour  and  importance  any  that  had 
up   to   that   period   reached   the   Chinese 


Court.  That  it  did  not  effect  any  radical 
change  in  the  relations  between  China 
and  England  is  to  be  explained  by  other 
causes,  among  which  not  the  least  wTas 
the  wrar  with  the  Goorkhas  after  their 
invasion  of  Tibet,  when  the  Chinese 
pronounced  us  to  be  the  allies  and  sup- 
porters of  the  robbers  who  had  just  plun- 
dered Teshu  Lumbo.  Lord  Macartney 
got  to  the  Court  of  the  great  Emperor 
Khien  Lung  at  Jehol,  beyond  the  Wall ; 
he  resided  in  Imperial  palaces  in  Peking 
and  Yuen  Min  Yuen  ;  and  he  skilfully 
and  successfully  evaded  the  Chinese 
demands  that  he  should  perform  the 
ignominious  kotow  ceremony.  The  pas- 
sages in  which  he  describes  the  suc- 
cessive efforts  of  the  Chinese  officials 
to  bring  him  to  his  knees  are  model  lessons 
of  the  way  in  which  a  persistent  demand 
may  be  evaded  by  quiet  courtesy  and  a 
sense  of  humour.  Had  Lord  Amherst 
acted  on  similar  lines  in  1816,  he  might 
have  achieved  equal  success,  instead 
of  journeying  to  Peking  merely  to  turn 
back  again.  The  following  is  Lord  Mac- 
artney's account  of  his  first  interview 
with  the  Emperor  : — 

"  He  [Khien  Lung]  was  seated  in  an  open 
palanquin  carried  by  sixteen  bearers, 
attended  by  a  number  of  officers  bearing 
flags,  standards,  and  umbrellas,  and  as  he 
passed  we  paid  him  our  compliment  by 
kneeling  on  one  knee,  whilst  all  the  Chinese 
made  their  usual  prostrations.  As  soon  as 
he  had  ascended  the  throne  I  came  to  the 
entrance  of  the  tent,  and  holding  in  both 
my  hands  a  large  gold  box  enriched  with 
diamonds  in  which  was  enclosed  the  King's 
letter,  I  walked  deliberately  up,  and, 
ascending  the  side  steps  of  the  throne, 
delivered  it  into  the  Emperor's  own  hands, 
who,  having  received  it,  passed  it  to  the 
Minister,  by  whom  it  was  placed  on  the 
cushion ....  We  then  descended  from  the 
steps  of  the  throne,  and  sat  down  upon 
cushions  at  one  of  the  tables  on  the  Emperor's 
left  hand ....  The  Emperor  sent  us  several 
dishes  from  his  own  table.... He  gave  to 
each  of  us  with  lu's  own  hands  a  cup  of 
warm  wine. .  .  .His  manner  is  dignified, 
but  affable  and  condescending,  and  his 
reception  of  us  has  been  very  gracious  and 
satisfactory.  He  is  a  very  fine  old  gentle- 
man, still  healthy  and  vigorous,  not  having 
the  appearance  of  a  man  of  more  than  sixty. 
.  .  .  .The  commanding  feature  of  tho  cere- 
mony was  that  calm  dignity,  that  sober 
pomp  of  Asiatic  greatness,  which  European 
refinements  have  not  yet  attained ....  Thus 
have  I  seen  '  King  Solomon  in  all  his  glory.' 
I  use  this  expression  as  the  scene  recalled 
perfectly  to  my  memory  a  puppet  show  of 
that  name  which  I  recollect  to  have  seen  in 
my  childhood,  and  which  made  so  strong 
an  impression  on  my  mind  that  I  then 
thought  it  a  true  representation  of  the 
highest  pitch  of  human  greatness  andfelicity." 

Lord    Macartney's    comments    on    the 
state   of  China   are   full   of   shrewdness, 

and  many  of  them  possess  almost  asnunh 
force  as  when  they  were  written.  Ho 
notices  the  class   distinction    between  the 

Manchus  and  Chinese,  and  the  exceptional 

favour  shown  by  the  Kmperor  to  the 
former;  and  he  is  of  opinion  that  this 
is  only  a  transitory  condition  of  things, 
and  that  sooner  or  later  the  Chinese  must 

recover   the   upper   hand.    In    the   Last 

century    events    have    moved      in     this 


376 


T  II  E     ATI!  HNjEUM 


No.  4196,  Makcii  28,  1908 


direction,  and  we  moving  now  more 
rapidly  than  ever.  Bianonn  privileges 
have  Deen  curtailed  or  have  disappeared, 
and  nearly  all  fcne  noerova  to-day  are 
Chinese.  Lord  Macartney  did  not  conceal 
In-,  \i.w  thai  the  Chinese  were  far  more 
friendly  to  foreigners  than  the  Tartars. 
In  connexion  with  British  interests  in 
China  he  dilates  on  our  advantages  over 
the  Catholic  nations  trading  there, 
because  we  have  no  missionaries  with  us 
and  leave  the  religion  of  the  country 
strictly  alone.  This  advantage,  if  it 
was  one,  can  no  longer  be  claimed. 
Lord  Macartney's  view  seems  corroborated 
by  Prince  Kung's  declaration  in  1870  : 
"  Take  away  your  missionaries  and  your 
opium,  and  we  shall  have  no  quarrels." 
Lord  Macartney  anticipated  the  occupa- 
tion of  Hongkong  by  fifty  years  when  he 
strongly  advocated  an  English  station  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Canton  river.  Finally, 
his  advice  to  our  merchants  and  traders 
to  learn  Chinese,  and  dress  more  in 
character  with  the  people  themselves,  is 
excellent.  It  is  a  most  serious  reflection 
on  our  national  capacity  that  commerce  is 
still  carried  on  in  "  the  broken  gibberish  " 
we  call  "  Pidgin  "  English. 

Mrs.  Robbins  has  done  her  part  of  the 
work  exceedingly  well,  and  her  comments 
are  judicious  and  reasonable.  She  gives 
some  interesting  particulars  of  the  first 
of  the  Macartneys  who  went,  in  the 
earlier  half  of  the  seventeenth  century, 
to  Belfast  from  Auchinleck  in  Kirkcud- 
brightshire —  "  Black  "  George,  "  sove- 
raigne  "  of  Belfast,  and  one  of  the  chief 
founders  of  its  prosperity.  A  striking 
portrait  of  him  in  armour  is  included 
from  the  collection  at  Lissanoure,  be- 
sides several  portaits  of  the  Earl  from 
his  youth  to  the  period  following  his 
return  from  China.  Of  some  of  these  it  is 
difficult  to  believe  that  they  can  relate 
to  the  same  person ;  but  that  is  an 
arraignment  of  the  painter  rather  than 
the  painted.  In  conclusion  it  need  only 
be  said  that  Mrs.  Robbins  has  rendered 
her  distinguished  kinsman  adequate 
justice,  and  she  has  thus  contributed  to 
preserve  his  memory  as  a  good  and 
capable  servant  of  the  State. 


Modern  Egypt.     By  the  Earl  of  Cromer. 
2  vols.     (Macmillan  &  Co.) 

(second  notice.) 

Lord  Cromer  begins  his  book  with  a 
survey  of  the  financial  conditions  which 
from  1876  compelled  foreign  intervention 
in  Egypt.  Although  he  was  himself 
a  Commissioner  of  the  Debt  from  1877 
to  1879,  and  one  of  the  two  Controllers 
from  1879  to  the  summer  of  1880,  his  part 
was  necessarily  subordinate,  and  during 
the  whole  of  the  Arabi  revolt  he 
was  absent  in  India.  We  may  therefore 
regard  this  part  of  the  book  as  less  im- 
portant than  the  later  pages,  which  deal 
with  a  period  when  Lord  Cromer  was  not 
only  continuously  on  the  spot,  but  was 
also  given  something  like  the  "  masterful 
hand  of  a  Resident  "  foreshadowed  in 
Lord  Dufferin's  celebrated  dispatch.     The 


earlier  section,  however,  is  full  of  inter* 

Lor  i  Cromer  docs  not  weary  his  leaders 
by  repeating  too  much  of  the  oft-told 
story  of  the  Egyptian  debt  and  the  devices 
for  dealing  with  it.  He  gives  the 
main  points,  and  he  adds  some  personal 
opinions  and  impressions,  such  as  a 
sketch  of  the  Khedive  Ismail  and 
a  warm  testimony  to  Sir  Auckland 
Colvin's  courage  and  ability.  The 
opinions  of  so  acute  and'  well-informed 
a  statesman,  even  when  not  on  the  scene, 
are  of  great  value  ;  and  Lord  Cromer's 
views  on  the  part  played  by  Gambetta 
in  producing  the  catastrophe  in  Egypt, 
the  sincerity  and  stupidity  of  Arabi, 
and  the  genuinely  national  sentiment 
which  moved  parallel  to  the  military 
insurrection,  and  might  with  better 
management  have  been  kept  separate 
and  used  with  advantage,  are  penetrating. 
"  It  is  curious,"  he  remarks,  "  to  observe 
how  heartily  the  French  Government 
worked  to  bring  about  the  solution  which 
eventually  occurred,  and  which  probably 
was  more  distasteful  to  them  than  any 
other,  namely,  a  British  occupation  of 
Egypt  "  ;  whilst  the  English  Government 
was  all  the  time,  in  a  hesitating  fashion, 
supporting  the  idea  of  a  Turkish  occupa- 
tion. Professing  to  stand  apart  from 
any  "  strong  party  tie,"  Lord  Cromer 
criticizes  the  "  vacillation  "  of  Gladstone's 
second  Administration.  "  The  duty  of 
a  Government,"  he  writes,  "  is  to  lead, 
especially  as  regards  foreign  affairs, 
and  to  stand  criticism  even,  when 
matters  of  the  first  importance  are  con- 
cerned, at  the  risk  of  bringing  about  its 
own  downfall."  He  lays  "  the  main 
responsibility  for  the  British  occupation  " 
upon  the  Liberal  Government,  and  attacks 
Gladstone's  defence  of  the  lamentable 
neglect  to  land  a  military  force  after  the 
bombardment  of  Alexandria  : — 

"It  is  difficult  to  conceive  the  frame  of 
mind  of  any  one  who  considers  that  firing 
several  thousand  shot  and  shell  into  Egyptian 
forts  did  not  involve  an  '  assumption  of 
authority,'  whereas  landing  some  men  to 
prevent  a  populous  city  from  being  burnt 
to  the  ground  did  involve  such  an  assump- 
tion. These  technicalities,  which  are  only 
worthy  of  a  special  pleader,  were  the  bane 
of  the  British  Government  in  dealing  with 
the  Egyptian  question  during  Mr.  Glad- 
stone's Ministry." 

Lord  Cromer  is  also  severe  on  Gladstone 
for  permitting  the  Hicks  expedition, 
which  was  no  doubt  the  original  cause 
of  much  trouble  ;  for  it  is  his  opinion 
that  had  General  Hicks  been  for- 
bidden to  leave  Khartum,  that  city  need 
never  have  fallen  to  the  Mahdi.  The 
British  Government  declined  to  offer 
any  opinion  on  the  subject,  and  so  General 
Hicks  was  allowed  to  take  his  own  course 
— the  course  of  a  brave  soldier.  That 
they  "  had  no  sufficient  warning "  of 
coming  disaster,  however,  does  not  mean 
that  they  had  no  warning.  The  Euro- 
peans who  entertained  the  unfortunate 
general  on  his  leaving  for  Khartum  mostly 
thought  that  "  poor  Hicks  had  been  sent 
to  his  death." 

There  was  undoubtedly  great  difference 
of   opinion   as   to   the   possibility   of   the 


success  of    Hicks.      The   Briti  ncy 

at  Cairo  was  cognizant  of  the  tele- 
grams from  Hicks,  which  came  through 
CoL  Stewart,  at  that  time  Acting  British 
'  onsnl  at  Khartum,  addressed  to  Baker 
Pasha  at  the  British  Agency,  although 
intended  for  the  Commander-in-Chief  of 
the  Egyptian  army  (Sir  Evelyn  Wood). 
Lord  Dufferin  not  only  shared  the  belief 
of  the  regular  advisers  of  the  British 
Covernment  in  the  possibility  of  suce* 
but  also  explained  after  the  disaster  the 
reasons  which  had  led  him  to  expect  an 
opposite  result.  The  report  from  Sir 
Evelyn  Wood  on  August  31st,  1883,  that 
no  British  troops  were  wanted,  and  that 
the  Egyptian  army  could  be  safely  "  left 
responsible,"  except  so  far  as  officers 
were  to  be  allowed  to  volunteer,  seems 
to  show  that  he  also  was  not  alarmed. 
When  Sir  Evelyn  Baring  was  sent  out  he 
was  instructed  to  report  on  this  \  i 
point,  at  the  moment  when  Hicks  marched 
forward  into  the  desert.  This  shows  that 
the  Home  Government  must  have  doubted 
the  soundness  of  the  official  advice  they 
had  received — to  abstain  from  interfer- 
ence by  a  veto.  All  advisers  concurred 
in  the  opinion,  given  after  the  Hicks 
disaster,  that  Egypt  must  be  made  to 
evacuate  the  Sudan,  while  the  British 
Government  undertook  to  defend  Egvpt 
at  Wady  Haifa. 

The  part  of  the  book  which  will  attract 
most  attention  is  that  concerning  the 
abandonment  and  reconquest  of  the 
Sudan.  The  subject  occupies  one-third 
of  the  whole  work,  and  nearly  200  pages 
are  filled  with  the  Gordon  mission.  This 
may  seem  a  disproportionate  allotment 
of  space,  but  probably  Lord  Cromer  felt 
that  here  he  was  on  his  defence,  and 
accordingly  resolved  to  treat  it  exhaus- 
tively. No  doubt  there  was,  and  perhaps 
still  is,  a  popular  impression  that  the 
"  Baring  "  of  Gordon's  '  Journals  '  did  not 
sufficiently  support  Gordon  at  Khartum. 
As  to  supporting  all  Gordon's  requests, 
when  it  is  understood  that  that  impulsive 
officer  was  in  the  habit  of  showering 
contradictory  telegrams  upon  the  British 
Agent,  and  that  he  advocated  as  many  as 
five  different  policies  in  the  course  of  the 
first  month  of  his  mission,  it  will  be 
evident  that  compliance  with  every  sug- 
gestion was  impossible.  Lord  Cromer 
says  he  did  Ins  best  to  sift  the  mass  of 
telegrams  and  extract  the  essential  com- 
mon-factor ;  and  he  certainly  did  a  service 
to  Gordon  in  begging  Lord  Granville  not 
to  lay  too  much  stress  on  apparent  con- 
tradictions, but  to  support  what  seemed 
to  be  the  more  permanent  and  reasoned 
conclusions.  At  the  same  time  there  is 
a  good  deal  in  the  tone  of  this  part  of 
the  book  which  will  pain  rnany  readers. 
It  is  obvious  that  Lord  Cromer  wishes 
to  write  generously  of  a  man  whose  noble 
qualities  he  repeatedly  extols ;  never- 
theless the  general  impression  produced  is 
not  one  of  generosity.  No  doubt  Gordon 
gave  him  more  trouble  than  all  the  inter- 
national complications  and  the  Commis- 
sioners of  the  Debt  and  the  native  press 
put  together,  and  it  was  hard  to  forgive 
the  needless  difficulties,  the  loss  of  lives 


No.  4196,  March  28,  1908 


THE    ATHENiEUM 


377 


and  money  which  this  hapless  mission 
begot.  But  the  truth  hes  deeper  than 
that.  It  hes  in  the  essential  lack  of  sym- 
pathy between  two  vividly  opposed  charac- 
ters. "  Officialism  and  enthusiasm  ne 
se  marient  pas,"  says  Lord  Cromer.  "  I 
have  no  confidence  in  opinions  based 
on  mystic  feelings."  There  we  have  the 
difference  in  a  nutshell.  Lord  Cromer's 
enthusiasms  were  not  Gordon's,  and 
neither  could  understand  the  other.  We 
are  not  sure  that  this  had  any  vital 
influence  on  the  tragic  result. 

It  is  set  forth  in  these  pages  that 
Lord  Cromer  twice  opposed  the  send- 
ing of  Gordon  to  the  Sudan ;  but  it 
does  not  appear  clearly  why,  after  the 
"  little  pressure  upon  Baring  "  referred 
to  by  Lord  Granville  in  a  letter  to 
Gladstone,  this  opposition  was  with- 
drawn. Lord  Cromer  says  it  was  because 
he  found  himself  standing  alone  in  his 
opinion  of  Gordon's  unfitness  ;  but  surely 
this  hardly  accounts  for  his  writing  to 
Lord  Granville  that  "  Gordon  would  be 
the  best  man,"  "  I  would  rather  have  him 
than  any  one  else."  It  was  a  sudden, 
and,  to  our  mind,  unexplained  volte-face  ; 
and  it  was  "  a  mistake,"  says  its  author, 
"  which  I  shall  never  cease  to  regret." 
He  thinks  he  would  have  preferred  Col. 
Stewart,  to  whose  shrewdness  and  cool 
judgment  a  just  tribute  is  here  paid. 

It  is  a  little  hard  on  Gladstone  and 
Granville  that  Lord  Cromer  should  de- 
scribe their  "  vacillation "  when  they 
no  longer  have  a  chance,  even  if  in  any 
case  they  would  have  taken  it,  of  describ- 
ing his.  It  was  in  December,  1883,  that 
Sir  Evelyn  Baring  asked  the  Cabinet 
to  send  "  an  English  officer  of  high 
authority  to  Khartum  to  withdraw  the 
garrisons."  We  now  know  that  the 
Cabinet  were  not  aware  of  his  previous 
refusal  of  Gordon,  privately  suggested 
by  Granville.  Lord  Cromer  knew  the 
difficulties,  for  he  pointed  out  that 
Egypt  was  forbidden  by  her  Turkish 
charter  to  cede  territory.  He  had  pre- 
viously advised  Downing  Street  and  those 
who  sent  him  to  Egypt  that  it  was  im- 
possible to  approve  the  attempt  of  the 
Egyptians  to  reconquer  that  Sudan  which 
they  were,  he  declared,  wholly  unfit  to 
rule.  In  sending  the  news  of  the  Hicks 
disaster  Sir  Evelyn  Baring  explained  that 
Khartum  must  beyond  doubt  fall.  He 
made  no  secret  of  this  opinion  to  the 
Khedive,  who  shared  it,  and  to  the  Khe- 
dive's advisers,  who  did  not ;  and  he 
had  already  requested  the  British  Govern- 
ment to  tell  the  Egyptians  that  in  no 
circumstances  could  they  expect  or  receive 
British  help  in  the  Sudan.  Thus  it  was 
that  the  Egyptian  Government  were 
forbidden  to  send,  as  they  wished,  Sir 
Evelyn  Wood  or  any  of  his  troops — their 
troops — to  Khartum.  At  the  beginning 
of  December  Sir  Evelyn  Baring  had  re- 
ported the  opinion  of  the  generals  com- 
manding the  British  force  and  the  Egyp- 
tian army,  as  well  as  of  Baker  Pasha,  to  be 
that  Egypt  must  be  forced  to  fall  back  to 
Wady  Haifa.  Lord  Cromer  now  gives  this 
among  his  "  Conclusions  "  :  "  In  the  first 
place  it  was  a  mistake  to  send  any  British 


official  to  Khartum."  It  does  not  seem 
clear  whether  Sir  Evelyn  Baring  had  any 
one  particularly  in  view  in  asking  that  an 
English  officer  of  high  authority  should 
be  sent  out  to  superintend  the  evacuation 
of  the  Sudan.  What  the  Cabinet  had 
before  them  was,  as  is  known  from  the 
Parliamentary  Papers,  the  request  of  Sir 
Evelyn  Baring  above  quoted,  to  which  on 
the  16th  of  January  he  pressed  for  a  reply. 
He  still  appeared  as  asking  for  the  dis- 
patch of  a  British  officer  of  distinction 
who  was  to  conduct  the  retreat. 

One  other  point  of  criticism  also  con- 
cerns Gordon's  mission.  It  is  here  shown 
that  Lord  Cromer  urged  the  Government, 
on  April  14th,  five  months  before  Lord 
Wolseley's  army  started,  to  prepare  for  a 
rehef  expedition.  Were  it  fair  to  write 
of  "  vacillation  "  in  the  case  of  policy 
admittedly  difficult  in  a  high  degree, 
the  changes  of  advice  as  to  help  to  Gordon 
might  be  collected  from  Lord  Cromer's 
pages.  His  case  is  that  the  refusal  of 
Zobeir  meant  an  expedition.  The  first 
request  of  Gordon  as  to  Zobeir  was  that 
the  Home  Government  should  issue  an 
illegal  order  to  arrest  him  and  deport  him 
to  Cyprus.  At  the  moment  when  this  arbi- 
trary proposal  was  refused,  the  War  Office 
and  the  Admiralty  had  already  considered 
the  possibility  of  relieving  Khartum  from 
Suakim.  While  the  plan  to  be  adopted 
was  under  discussion,  at  the  end  of 
January,  Sir  Evelyn  Baring  reported 
that  Stewart  and  Gordon  were  both 
opposed  to  any  suggestion  of  employing 
Zobeir  in  connexion  with  Gordon's  evacua- 
tion mission.  In  spite  of  the  opposition 
of  Lord  Randolph  Churchill,  supported 
by  the  representative  of  the  Conservative 
regular  Opposition,  the  Hon.  Robert 
Bourke,  steps  were  taken  at  the  beginning 
of  February  to  reinforce  the  British 
troops  on  the  Red  Sea  coast.  At  that 
time,  and  up  to  the  middle  of  February, 
Sir  Evelyn  Baring  continued  to  report 
in  the  strongest  terms  against  the  possi- 
bility of  "  sending  Zobeir."  He  pointed 
out  that  Pasha's  "  deep  resentment 
against  Gordon,"  and  twice  described 
the  conversation  between  the  two,  with 
the  repeated  statement  of  the  former, 
"  You  killed  my  son."  Lord  Cromer's 
change  of  opinion  after  the  middle  of 
February  was  so  sudden  that  its  suggestion 
caught  up  the  dispatches  from  which  the 
Government  learnt  that  Zobeir,  should  he 
be  sent  to  Khartum,  would  go  there  "  free 
to  promote  the  slave  trade  "  and  "  very 
vindictive  "  against  Gordon  :  "  Hates 
Gordon."  Lord  Cromer  now  gives  the 
third  of  his  "  Conclusions "  (it  will  be 
remembered  that  the  first  is  that  no  one 
should  have  been  sent)  in  these  words  : — 

"  Whon  once  General  Gordon  had  boon 
sent  ho  should  have  been  loft  a  froe  hand  so 
long  as  ho  kept  within  the  main  linos  of  the 
policy  which  he  was  authorized  to  oxecute. 
It  is.  .  .  .to  be  rogrottod  that  General  Gordon 
was  not  allowed  to  employ  Zobeir," 

although  "  any  view  held  as  to  the  pro- 
bable results  of  employing  him  must  be 
conjectural."  The  answer  seems  to  be 
that  Lord  Cromer  himself  points  out  that 
Gordon  never  for  a  moment  "  kept  within 


the  main  fines  of  the  policy,"  and  that 
Lord  Cromer  was  the  adviser,  up  to  the 
moment  of  his  sudden  change  in  opinion, 
of  the  absolute  refusal  to  Gordon  of  the 
"  free  hand." 

All  through  March  the  War  Office, 
advised  by  Lord  Wolseley,  was  for  a 
Suakim  expedition  ;  while  Lord  North- 
brook  pressed  for  a  Nile  expedition, 
likely,  the  Admiralty  thought,  to  succeed, 
but  impossible  before  "  high  Nile  "  allowed 
boats  to  pass  the  cataracts — impossible, 
that  is,  till  autumn.  The  Cairo  dispatches, 
all  through  the  period  when  the  possi- 
bility of  either  the  Suakim  or  the  Nile 
expedition  was  under  consideration  by 
the  military  authorities,  continued  to 
state  that  Khartum  could  hold  out  suffi- 
ciently long  to  allow  of  the  Nile  plan 
of  relief.  It  was  probably  not  known 
at  the  time  to  any  one  except  soldiers 
who  did  not  pass  on  the  proposals  that 
Sir  F.  Roberts  was  confident  in  the  success 
of  an  Indian  rehef  expedition  from 
Suakim.  Few  seem  to  have  thought 
a  Suakim-Berber  march  anything  but  a 
desperate  venture. 

It  is  possible  that  Lord  Cromer  was  not 
fully  informed  of  military  preparations, 
probably  concealed  from  the  Prime 
Minister,  who,  as  we  have  learnt  from 
recent  memoirs,  was  opposed — and  per- 
haps alone  opposed — to  an  expedition 
in  the  circumstances  all  but  certain  to 
occur.  But  there  is  a  singular  con- 
trast between  the  full  statements  con- 
tained in  other  portions  of  the  volume, 
and  the  meagreness  of  the  information 
as  to  the  preparation  for  the  river  war. 
The  British  "  advance  to  Wady  Haifa," 
which  we  learn  from  Lord  Cromer  he 
stopped  on  April  8th,  was  in  fact  Lord 
Wolseley's  advance  guard.  The  boats 
and  the  Canadian  voyageurs  at  least 
must  have  been  prepared  at  an  earlier 
date  than  that  of  the  Vote  of  Credit  at 
the  beginning  of  August ;  and  the  very 
maps  needed  for  the  Nile  advance  must 
have  been  in  the  hands  of  our  officials 
at  Cairo  long  before  that  date.  Lord 
Cromer  himself  says  that  the  military 
authorities  differed  as  to  the  possibility 
of  the  Suakim-Berber  route,  and  indicates 
the  advice  hostile  to  it  given  by  the  general 
in  command  of  our  forces  in  Egypt.  The 
alternative  was  that  adopted  ;  but,  as  our 
author  says,  this  depended  on  the  water, 
and  all  that  could  be  done  was  to  be  "ready 
to  move  directly  the  water  rises."  The 
point  is  whether  the  expedition  was  ready 
to  move,  or  did  move,  as  soon  as  the 
water  permitted  the  boats  to  pass  the 
cataracts  ;  and  on  this  point  Lord  Cromer 
gives  us  no  assistance.  He  indeed  quotes  a 
declaration  made  in  Parliament  in  July 
to  show  that  it  had  been  decided  at  that 
time  that  there  was  to  be  "  no  expedition." 
But  we  imagine  that  long  before  that  date 
everybody — unless  perhaps  the  Prime 
Minister — thought  the  expedition  pro- 
bable, except  those  who  thought  it  certain. 
How  painfully  Lord  Cromer  still  feels 
the  whole  tragic  episode  in  an  otherwise 
triumphant  course  of  beneficent  work  may 
be  judged  from  the  words  in  which  he  lays 
the  blame  upon  the   Prime  Minister : — 


378 


THE    ATHENiEUM 


No. 


4196,  March  28, 


1908 


"The  Nile  sxpi -dition  was  sanctioned  too 
late,  and  the  reason  wliy  it  was  sanctioned 
too  late  was  that  Mr.  Gladstone  would  not 
accept  simple  evidence  of  a  plain  fact, 
which  was  patent  to  much  less  powerful 
intellects  than  his  own.  Posterity  has  yet 
to  decide  on  the  services  which  Mr.  Gladstone, 
during  his  long  and  brilliant  career, 
rendered  in  other  directions  to  the  British 
nation,  but  it  is  improbablo  that  the  verdict 
of  his  contemporaries  in  respect  to  his  con- 
duct of  the  affairs  of  the  Soudan  will  ever 
be  reversed.  '  Les  fautes  de  l'homme 
puissant,'  said  an  eminent  Frenchman, 
sont  des  malheurs  publics.'  Mr.  Glad- 
stone's error  of  judgment  in  delaying  too 
long  the  despatch  of  the  Nile  expedition 
left  a  stain  on  the  reputation  of  England 
which  it  will  be  beyond  the  power  of  either 
the  impartial  historian  or  the  partial  apolo- 
gist to  efface." 

It  is  a  relief  to  turn  from  the  chapters 
on  the  Sudan,  in  spite  of  the  crowning 
success  won  after  long  years  of  arduous 
preparation,  and  to  read  the  brilliant 
survey  of  modern  Egypt.  The  "  Land  of 
Paradox "  has  never  been  revealed  in 
a  more  searching  light.  The  various 
nationalities  that  make  up  the  popula- 
tion, their  chief  leaders,  notable  muftis, 
sheykhs,  Prime  Ministers,  Mohammedans, 
Copts,  young  Turko- Egyptians  and  old 
conservative  Turks,  Syrians,  and  Ar- 
menians, pass  across  the  illuminating 
pages,  and  we  gain  a  remarkable  insight 
into  the  tangled  problems  with  which 
the  British  representative  had  to  deal. 
Lord  Cromer  always  writes  temperately, 
but  he  does  not  care  to  conceal  his  decided 
opinions.  He  has  no  belief  in  "  modern- 
ism "  in  Islam,  and  he  thinks  it  will 
be  a  long  time  before  Egyptians  can  re- 
place Europeans.  The  former  may  equal 
the  latter  in  technical  capacity,  for  they 
are  essentially  a  nation  of  imitators, 
but  for  the  influential  posts  something 
more  is  needed,  and  that  is  found  in 
English  "  character."  Lord  Cromer  de- 
plores the  effects  of  French  training  on 
the  Europeanized  Egyptians,  since  it 
tends  to  rigid  departmentalism,  to  the 
worship  of  the  proces-verbal,  rather  than  to 
a  sense  of  individual  responsibility.  Such 
men  would  not  do  what  Sir  C.  Scott 
Moncrieff  boldly  did,  who  spent  a  quarter 
of  a  million  on  necessary  irrigation  works 
whilst  all  the  diplomacy  of  Europe  was 
debating  whether  it  could  legally  be  spent. 
The  Briton's  way  of  cutting  Gordian  knots 
is  especially  dear  to  Lord  Cromer,  and  no 
one  knew  better  how  to  cut  them. 


The  Admiralty  of  the  Atlantic  :  an  Enquiry 
into  the  Development  of  German  Sea 
Power,  Past,  Present,  and  Prospective. 
By  Percival  A.  Hislam.  (Longmans 
&Co.) 

We  have  seldom  met  with  a  book  dealing 
with  difficult  and  interesting  topics  in 
which  matter  of  real  value  was  more 
closely  mingled  with  inadequate  stuff 
than  in  the  volume  before  us.  We  are 
inclined,  however,  to  forgive  the  author 
any  faults  for  such  pages  as  that  in  which 
he  draws,  from  many  indications,  the 
obviously  correct  inferences  as  to  a  change 


in  German  policy  and  incidentally  puts 
"  the  submarine "  in  what  still  appears 
to  us  its  right  place  for  this  country. 
Mr.  Hislam's  opinion — backed  by  mucli 
sound  argument,  and,  as  we  think,  proof — 
is  that  Germany's  policy  is  now  directed 
in  her  marine,  as  at  one  time  only  in  her 
army,  to  the  offensive.  From  this  fact 
follows  "  lack  of  interest  in  the  submarine 
....  about  as  useful  to  a  virile  naval  power 
as  the  discarded  Brennan  torpedo."  The 
author,  indeed,  adds  that  when  the  sub- 
marine becomes  capable  of  offensive 
action  upon  the  enemy's  coast  he  may 
grow  to  favour  it.  He  will  be  met  by 
the  reply  that  the  French  have  used  at 
Brest  their  Cherbourg  submarine  flotilla, 
and  that  we,  according  to  the  present 
Board  of  Admiralty,  have  "  gone  one 
better,"  in  using  at  Rosyth  our  own 
submarines  from  a  Channel  base.  The 
latter  statement,  though  semi -officially 
made,  we  confess  we  do  not  believe,  and 
we  are  far  from  thinking  that  the  second- 
hand confidence  displayed  by  Sir  John 
Fisher,  through  Admiral  Bacon,  in  our 
submarines,  as  superior  to  those  of  France, 
is  justified.  Nevertheless,  French  sub- 
marine progress  is  known  both  to  Whitehall 
and  to  Berlin  to  be  the  subject  of  much 
exaggeration.  We  are  glad  that  Mr.  Hislam 
returns  to  the  sounder  doctrine  of  the 
Admiralty  under  Mr.  Goschen,  whose  policy 
on  this  point  is,  we  think,  as  yet  less  out 
of  date  than  in  other  respects  with  regard 
to  which  we  differ  from  our  author. 

A  subject  on  which  Mr.  Hislam  supplies 
facts  new  to  the  general  reader  concerns  the 
German  gun.  Perhaps  the  weakest  of  all 
points  in  the  armour  of  the  present  Board 
of  Admiralty  is  revealed  by  the  doubt 
whether  the  German  11 -inch  gun  is  not  as 
good  as  the  12-inch  gun  with  which  all 
our  newest  ships  are  armed.  The  heaviest 
of  our  12-inch  guns  is  about  10  tons 
heavier  than  the  heaviest  of  the  German 
11 -inch  guns  ;  and,  if  it  be  true  that  the 
German  weapon  is  superior,  the  advantage 
obtained  by  Germany  is  considerable. 
We  have,  however,  some  doubt  whether 
the  figures  printed  by  the  author,  without 
remark,  explanation,  or  "  authorities," 
are  accurate. 

The  elaborate  argument  of  Mr.  Hislam 
with  regard  to  Rosyth,  docks,  and  bases 
is  full  of  interest,  but  also  of  contradictions 
which  deprive  it  of  high  value.  To  our 
own  positions  in  the  Channel  he  opposes 
with  justice,  as  we  think,  the  objection 
that 

"  any  fleet  west  of  the  Straits  of  Dover 
would,  in  the  event  of  a  sudden  outbreak  of 
hostilities,  run  the  risk  of  losing  no  small 
proportion  of  its  strength  through  mines  and 
torpedo  and  submarine  attack." 

In  other  parts  of  his  chapters  on  these 
subjects  he  ceases,  when  convenient  to 
his  argument,  to  take  account  of  floating 
mines.  Indeed,  he  uses  them  as  the 
Japanese  and  Russians  did  in  the  war — 
without  sufficient  regard  to  who  is  blown 
up — in  the  first  case,  sailors ;  in  the  second, 
writers  only.  Thus  it  is  sometimes  Mr. 
Hislam  who  suffers  from  his  own  con- 
troversial explosives. 

So,  too,  as  regards  the  use  of  the  Channel 


in  time  of  war,  as  compared  with  the 
northern  route.  To  this  discussion  Mr. 
Hislam  has  come  somewhat  freshly,  as 
it  seems  to  us,  with  an  openness  of  mind 
that  reveals  want  of  acquaintance  with 
the  history  of  the  subject.  Lough  Swilly 
was  defended  under  the  Naval  Works 
Acts  many  years  ago  on  the  ground  that 
it  would  form  the  rendezvous  for  the 
greater  portion  of  our  commercial  shipping 
in  time  of  war  ;  the  Channel  being  too 
dangerous  for  use.  This  was  before  the 
risk  of  floating  mines  had  been  generally 
admitted.  Capt.  Ottley  had  made  inven- 
tions, and  the  French  had  made  trials  of 
similar  mines  at  Cherbourg.  Germany 
had  hardly  begun  to  construct  mines,  and 
no  one  had  realized  the  extent  to  which 
they  were  likely  to  be  employed  in  war. 
Mr.  Hislam  connects  his  arguments  with 
an  astounding  belief  that  our  supremacy 
over  Germany  is  secure  for  many  years  on 
account  of  our  existing  predominance  in 
tonnage  of  warships.  But  he  is  opposed  to 
the  "  all-big  "  policy,  and  declares  that  the 
Dreadnought  is  altogether  inferior  as  a 
fighting  ship  to  our  Lord  Nelson  class. 
He  is  an  uncompromising  adherent  of 
the  Custance  view,  now  recognized,  how- 
ever, by  all  the  Admiralties  to  be  out  of 
date.  Mr.  Hislam  appears  to  be  un- 
acquainted with  the  modern  doctrine  as 
to  the  impossibility  of  combining  the  fire 
of  12-inch  and  11-inch  guns  with  that  of 
the  9-2-inch  or  6-inch  classes,  and  the 
superiority  of  the  former  under  almost 
all  battle  conditions.  The  argument, 
held  secret  here,  has  been  published  in  the 
United  States,  and  copied  from  America  by 
France,  where  several  debates  on  the 
subject  of  the  highest  value  have  taken 
place  m  both  the  Houses  of  the  Legis- 
lature, and  are  shortly  to  be  resumed. 

Mr.  Hislam  attaches  too  much  import- 
ance to  discussions  as  to  the  throttling 
of  German  trade  in  the  event  of  war 
with  us.  No  authority  of  weight  can 
be  quoted  for  any  view  except  that 
adopted,  indeed,  by  our  author  himself 
in  at  least  one  passage — that  German 
shipping  must  be  laid  up  until  the  British 
fleet  is  beaten  from  the  seas.  On  the 
other  hand,  he  seems  to  think,  although 
here  again  he  contradicts  himself,  that 
Germany  will  be  unable  to  interfere  in 
the  event  of  war  with  the  commercial  use 
of  the  port  of  London  :  a  curious  example 
of  misplaced  confidence. 

Our  author's  argument  against  the 
choice  of  Rosyth  for  eastern  docks,  and 
his  preference  for  floating  docks  over  more 
costly  fixed  constructions,  is  too  technical 
for  our  pages.  He  is  right  in  his  statement 
on  a  matter  where  the  public  and  the 
press  have  gone  wrong  in  the  last  few  days, 
and  shows  that  Rosyth  has  hung  fire,  not 
for  four  years  only,  as  suggested,  but  for 
seven.  He  names  Mr.  Haldane  as  having 
been  present  at  a  meeting  called  by  Mr. 
Maxse,  of  The  National  Review,  in  the 
winter  of  1901-2,  at  which  the  opinion 
of  the  Committee  appointed  by  the 
Admiralty  in  March,  1900,  in  favour  of 
"  St.  Margaret's  Hope  "  "  leaked  out." 
Incidentally  "  the  late  Government " 
seems  to  be  blamed  for  the  initiation  of 


No.  4196,  March  28,  1908 


THE    ATHENilUM 


379 


docks  at  Gibraltar.  It  was  a  previous 
Liberal  Administration  that  gave  the 
promise — at  that  time  necessary,  though 
international  circumstances  have  left 
Gibraltar  stranded  for  the  present. 

A  remark  upon  the  subject  of  the  Ger- 
man bluejackets  suggests  a  line  of  inquiry 
not  pursued.  If  it  is  the  case,  as  the 
author  thinks,  that  the  Germans  "  are 
in  all  respects  as  good  sailors  as  our  own," 
it  would  be  interesting  to  know  the  extent 
to  which  they  are  still  short-service  men, 
as  they  all  were  up  to  a  few  years  ago. 
The  French  have  virtually  dropped  their 
inscription  (and  their  system  of  reserves) 
for  all  skilled  ratings,  and  we  have  always 
claimed  that  our  fleet  possesses  a  great 
superiority  in  our  obstinate  adherence  to 
long  service — never  more  marked  than 
in  Lord  Tweedmouth's  latest  speeches. 
Another  similarly  tempting  bypath  is 
opened  by  the  author's  attack  upon  "  the 
ludicrously  inadequate  land  batteries  of 
quick-firing  guns  by  which  the  approaches" 
to  some  of  our  naval  harbours  are  defended. 
A  competent  Committee  has  recently 
revised  the  armament  of  all  these  works, 
and,  as  far  as  materiel  goes,  we  are  inclined 
to  rest  happy  in  their  reassuring  opinion. 
What  disturbs  us  more  is  the  supply  of 
gunners  to  be  always  present  at  the  guns 
at  night  when  political  circumstances 
require  it,  and  trained  to  make  use  of  the 
dehcate  weapons  by  which  access  to  the 
Forth  Bridge  and  Rosyth,  for  example, 
is  to  be  prevented.  There  is  one  company 
of  regular  R.G.A.  at  Leith ;  otherwise 
the  defences  are  to  be  trusted  to  Territorial 
gunners,  who  can  hardly  be  expected  to 
sleep  at  the  guns  in  perpetual  readiness 
for  "a  bolt  from  the  blue." 


Annali  delV  Islam.  By  Leone  Caetani, 
Principe  di  Teano.  Vol.  II.  (two  parts). 
(Milan,  Hoepli.) 

For  generations  the  standard  authority 
on  Arabic  history  was  the  work  of  the 
Prince  of  Haman.  Abu-1-Fida  was  the 
hereditary  ruler  of  one  of  the  several 
principalities  which  divided  amongst 
themselves  the  Syrian  dominions  of  their 
common  ancester  Saladin  ;  but  he  was 
more  scholar  than  king,  though  "  Malik  " 
was  his  title,  and  fonder  of  his  library 
and  visits  to  the  cultivated  Court  of  his 
friend  the  Mamluk  Sultan  of  Egypt  than 
of  maintaining  a  somewhat  shadowy 
sovereignty  in  his  native  city.  He  was  a 
laborious  compiler,  and  his  '  Annales 
Muslemici,' with  its  Arabic  text  and  inter- 
paged  Latin  version  by  Reiske,  was  long 
the  "  original  "  source  for  European 
historians  of  the  Saracens.  It  was  not 
in  the  least  original,  but,  like  many  Arabic 
chronicles,  a  perfectly  unabashed  com- 
pilation from  earlier  historians,  whose 
names  were  rarely  cited.  Its  value 
remains  unimpaired  for  its  record  of 
events  contemporary  or  nearly  contem- 
porary with  the  Prince  its  author,  that  is, 
for  the  earlier  part  of  the  fourteenth 
century  ;  but  for  all  previous  periods  it 
has  been  superseded  by  the  printing  of  the 
authorities  from  which  it  was  compiled. 


The  publication  of  the  great  '  Kamil '  of 
Ibn  al-Athir  by  Tornberg  cut  the  ground 
under  Prince  Abu-1-Fida's  feet  by  giving 
us  the  chief  source  of  his  '  Annals.'  The 
editing  of  the  Arabic  text  of  Tabari  by 
Prof,  de  Goeje  and  a  committee  of  scholars 
did  the  same  supersessory  work  for  Ibn 
al-Athir  by  printing  the  earliest  of  Arabic 
chroniclers, from  whom  the  latter  borrowed 
most  of  their  material  for  the  first  three 
centuries  of  Mohammedan  history.  Other 
publications  of  early  texts  have  brought 
us  ever  nearer  to  contemporary  evidence, 
and  we  are  no  longer  satisfied  with  the 
abridgment  of  a  compilation  with  which 
our  grandfathers  had  to  be  content.  Texts 
and  criticisms  have  multiplied  enormously 
during  the  half-century  which  has  passed 
since  Tornberg  rejoiced  Arabic  scholars 
by  his  edition  of  the  '  Kamil,'  and  the 
bibliographical  apparatus  of  the  modern 
historian  of  the  Saracenic  empire  has 
grown  to  vast  proportions.  Libraries  in 
every  remote  university,  private  collec- 
tions, and  the  manuscript  treasures  of 
mosques  have  been  diligently  searched, 
until  there  seems  to  be  a  reasonable  con- 
viction that  very  little  documentary 
evidence  on  the  history  of  the  Muslims 
has  escaped  notice,  and  that,  if  every- 
thing has  not  yet  been  published  in  the 
original  text,  at  least  the  text  is  known, 
catalogued,  and  open  to  inspection. 

If  this  is  correct,  and  the  materials 
are  really  as  complete,  or  very  nearly  as 
complete,  as  they  will  ever  be,  the  most 
pressing  need  of  the  historian  is  such  a 
digest  or  collection  of  all  the  existing 
facts — in  due  co-ordination,  and  subjected 
to  proper  criticism  on  modern  methods — 
as  will  enable  him  to  arrive  at  the  probable 
truth  among  conflicting  statements.  It 
has  fallen  to  an  Italian  prince  to  do  for  a 
far  wider  range  of  authorities,  and  on  far 
sounder  critical  principles,  what  the 
Prince  of  Hamah  tried  to  do,  by  a  much 
cruder  method,  with  such  materials  as  he 
had  under  his  hand  six  centuries  ago. 
The  Principe  di  Teano  has  devoted  him- 
self for  many  years  to  the  collection, 
comparison,  and  criticism  of  the  whole 
mass  of  Arabic  historical  records,  with  a 
zeal,  a  perseverance,  and  a  critical 
scholarship  which  leave  nothing  to  be 
desired.  As  a  pupil  of  Prof.  Guidi,  he 
possesses  not  only  the  necessary  familiarity 
with  Arabic,  but  also  something  of  his 
master's  wide  learning  and  daring  freedom 
from  accepted  traditions.  He  takes,  how- 
ever, nothing  on  trust,  but  examines  each 
statement  and  authority  with  critical 
suspicion.  Sometimes  we  think  he  is  too 
incredulous,  and  is  apt  to  reject  a  tradi- 
tion merely  on  the  ground  that  there 
were  motives  for  falsification,  although 
such  treatment  is  not  proved.  But 
this,  at  the  worst,  is  to  err  on  the  right 
side.  We  may  feel  sure,  at  all  events, 
that  nothing  is  here  set  down  which  does 
not  rest  on  the  best  evidence  that  can 
now  be  attained  ;  and  when  we  read  that 
the  work  has  been  done  three  times  over, 
and  has  already  taken  ten  whole  years, 
we  may  be  confident  that  the  laborious 
author  has  left  a  very  small  margin  for 
error.     When,    further,  we    find    that  the 


present  double  volume  of  nearly  1 ,250  pages 
(apart  from  the  invaluable  Index)  covers 
but  seven  years,  628-634,  we  realize  the 
colossal  scale  on  which  Principe  di  Teano 
has  planned  his  monumental  work.  It  is, 
indeed,  a  work  unparalleled  in  Arabic 
historical  scholarship,  conceived  on  grand 
lines,  and  executed  with  unsparing  in- 
dustry and  remarkable  penetration  and 
grasp  of  all  the  conditions  of  the  subject. 
To  criticize  it  in  detail  would  need  a 
volume,  and  even  then  we  feel  that 
criticism  would  be  drowned  in  admiration. 
We  prefer  the  more  gracious  part  of 
tendering  our  profound  congratulations 
to  the  learned  author  on  the  successful 
achievement  of  so  much  as  he  has  yet 
published  of  a  priceless  Thesaurus,  and 
recording  our  earnest  hope  that  he  may 
be  enabled  to  bring  his  prodigious  labour 
to  its  intended  close.  At  the  same  time 
we  wonder  who  will  live  to  see  the  end. 
The  fifth  volume,  still  in  the  dim  future, 
is  to  bring  the  work  up  to  about  700  a.d., 
that  is,  only  half  through  the  period  of 
the  Damascus  caliphate.  How  long  will 
it  take  to  reach  the  fall  of  Bagdad  in  the 
middle  of  the  thirteenth  century  ?  But 
qui  vivra  verra,  and  meanwhile  each  instal- 
ment that  is  printed  is  a  definite  and 
distinct  contribution  to  historical  research, 
independent  of  the  rest,  a  presentment  of 
all  existing  evidence  bearing  upon  the 
period  included  in  the  volume.  That  is  a 
gain  to  historians  which  is  so  far  complete 
in  itself  that  it  will  never  have  to  be  done 
over  again. 

Prince  di  Teano 's  plan  has  undergone 
some  modification  since  the  first  volume 
appeared.  Up  to  the  tenth  year  after 
the  Prophet's  flight  to  Medina,  the 
memorable  Hegira,  the  author  views  his 
work  as  in  a  sense  introductory.  The 
actual  '  Annals  '  are  regarded  as  beginning 
at  the  year  10,  and  here  the  new  arrange- 
ment is  adopted.  The  method  of  a 
continuous  narrative,  compiled  from  all 
the  authorities,  is  abandoned  in  favour 
of  a  more  precise  statement  of  the  evi- 
dence of  each  of  them,  duly  referred 
to  at  the  close  of  each  paragraph,  with 
the  necessary  critical  comments  and 
corrections  appended  in  smaller  type. 
This  is  undoubtedly  the  right  way  to  deal 
with  the  materials.  It  may  seem  less 
readable,  but  it  is  far  more  authoritative 
and  final  than  any  attempt  to  weave  the 
conflicting  statements  into  a  connected 
narrative.  The  critical  notes,  coming 
immediately  after  the  original  evidence, 
and  not  relegated  to  the  end  of  the  book, 
give  the  necessary  corrections,  and  bring 
all  the  results  of'thc  researches  of  Euro- 
pean scholars  to  bear  upon  the  subject. 
Prince  di  Teano  seems  to  have  collected 
an  almost  complete  bibliographical  appa- 
ratus, and  very  little  that  has  been 
written  by  any  Arabic  scholar  of 
authority  has  escaped  him.  We  have 
thus,  first,  a  complete  statement— 
not  in  the  ipeisaima  verba,  but  giving 
the  full  substance— of  the  original  evidence 
of  the  Arabic  chroniclers.  Next  we  have 
critical  notes  dealing  with  the  authenticity 
and  value  of  these  statements  and  the 
various  theories  held  by  scholars  about 


THE     AT  II  ENiTC  UM 


No.  4190,  Mai:<  m  28,  1908 


them.      These       two       features      constitute 

the  essential  and  supreme  character  of 
the    book.    They    gi*«    ,ll{'    -<",l<'"t    °* 

Aiahie     histoiv    all     the    materials     for    a 
judgment,    and    all    tin-    important    judg- 
ments of  the  best  scholars  on  the  materials. 
Besides    these,     the    author    has     intro- 
duced a  number  <>f  extremely  interesting 
and  learned  excursus  on  various  subjects 
intimately  connected  with  the  materials. 
These  deal  with  such  matters  as  the  Arab 
method     of     warfare     and     Arab    arms, 
the  nature  of  the  caliphate,  the  motives 
and  character  of  the  Saracen  conquests, 
the  causes  of  the  decay  of  the  Byzantine 
and  the   Sasanian   empires,  together  with 
disquisitions   on    the    last    five    years   of 
Mohammed's   life,    the   character   of   the 
Prophet,    the  causes  and   results  of  the 
revolt  of  the  tribes  after  his  death,  and 
so    forth.     To    the    general    student    of 
Eastern  history  these  essays  are  perhaps 
the  most  interesting  part  of  the  volume  ; 
they  abound  in  brilliant  suggestions  and 
bold  theories,  which  are  redeemed  from 
the  charge  of  speculation,  perhaps,  by  the 
solid   array  of  learned   argument  which 
supports    them.     Especially    noteworthy 
is  the  essay  on  the  character  of  the  Arab 
conquests,  in  which  it  is  maintained  that 
the  motive  was  one  of  natural  expansion, 
due  to    the  hardship  of   life  in  Arabia — 
a    motive    long    existent,    but    rendered 
possible    of    realization    only    when    the 
repressing   influences  of    Byzantium  and 
Persia     crumbled     to     weakness.       The 
author    holds    that   the    Arabs    were    in 
reality  a  nation  in  decay  ;  that  they  had 
been  civilized  and    powerful  ages  before 
Mohammed's  time,  but  had  been  reduced 
to  poverty  by  changes  in  the  climate  and 
productiveness  of  the  soil ;  and  that  their 
expansion  was  only  a  question  of  time  and 
opportunity,    whether    Mohammed    had 
preached   Islam  or  not.     Here  he  is  on 
highly    controversial    ground,    but    that 
Islam  was  only  one  of  several  factors  in 
the    movement    of    the    Arabs    towards 
conquest    is    beyond    doubt.     We    look 
forward  to  future  volumes  of  this  superb 
work  with  the  greatest  interest  and  con- 
fidence.    No  such  history  of  the  Moham- 
medan   empire    has     ever    before     been 
attempted. 


has  witnessed  the  cowardly  murder  of  the 
Duke  Of  .\c\ers  at  the  hands  of  his  OOUOO 
and  a  pack  of  ruffians,  who  STB   excellently 

painted. 

The    Ancient    Law.     By    Ellen    Glasgow. 

(Constable  &  Co.) 
The  culminating  point  of  this  thoughtful 
stoiy  may  be  termed  an  ethical  develop- 
ment. We  are  introduced  to  the 
central  figure  newly  released  from  a 
term  of  imprisonment  for  misappropria- 
tion ;  a  period  of  self-abnegation  in 
personal  social  service  follows,  spent  partly 
in  a  primitive  tobacco-raising  corner  of 
Virginia,  and  partly  by  the  side  of,  but  not 
in  association  with,  his  own  family  circle. 
Finally  he  is  seen  voluntarily  taking  upon 
himself  the  burden  of  sins  which  have 
already  made  their  mark  on  the  second 
generation. 

The  story  maintains  its  hold  to  the 
end,  mainly  because  the  less  self-conscious 
world  to  which  the  erstwhile  prisoner 
returns  is  peopled  by  real  men  and  women 
— clear-cut,  convincing  studies  of  sturdy 
Virginians.  So  excellent  are  these  that 
an  even  greater  measure  of  success  might 
reasonably  have  been  expected  in  the 
hero.  As  it  is,  his  very  perfection  is 
wearisome  ;  his  introspective  habit,  and 
his  much-used  "  radiant  smile,"  are  apt 
to  cloy  ;  and  moreover  one  is  conscious 
throughout  of  the  sex  of  his  creator.  In 
spite  of  these  drawbacks  the  book  is  well 
worth  reading. 


employmeni    of   Irish    brogue   and   idio- 
\  ik  i  The    minor    oharacfc 

deftly  and  mrely  handled,  but  the  author's 

hare  been  spent  on  the  man 

and     woman    in    the   front    of    the   action. 

Both  are  conTincing,  though  the  man 

rather  after  a  well-estabh-hed  model, 
and  the  reverse  of  all  that  we  are  accus- 
tomed to  accept  as  Irish.  It  is  a  con- 
scientious and  clever  piece  of  work. 


NEW    NOVELS. 


The    Duke's     Motto.       By     Justin      H. 

McCarthy.  (Methuen  &  Co.) 
In  his  dedication  to  M.  Sardou,  Mr. 
McCarthy  makes  it  plain  that  he  has 
adapted  his  romance  from  a  play  by  him- 
self, which, again,  has  its  origin  in  a  creation 
by  M.  Sardou.  The  hero  is  one  Lagardere, 
a  notable  swordsman  in  the  reign  of 
Louis  XIII.,  and  he  is  excusably  compared 
by  Mr.  McCarthy  to  D'Artagnan.  The 
story,  as  may  be  imagined  from  its  sources, 
is  frankly  theatrical ;  but  the  author 
does  his  part  so  ardently  and  zealously 
that  the  reader  is  carried  from  episode 
to  episode  on  a  tide  of  interest.  Mr. 
McCarthy's  spirit  is  as  unflagging  as  his 
hero's  ;  and  the  culmination  is  at  once  in- 
genious and  dramatic.  The  theme  of  the 
book  is  the  vengeance  of  Lagardere,  who 


The  Marquis  and  Pamela.     By  Edward 

H.  Cooper.  (Chatto  &  Windus.) 
"  Reading  one  day  a  novel  of  Ouida's  " 
— is  the  way  in  which  Mr.  Cooper  opens 
one  of  his  chapters  ;  and  it  is  manifest 
under  whose  influence  he  has  written 
this  lurid  tale.  But  it  has  not  the 
romantic  atmosphere  with  which  Ouida 
managed  to  charge  her  melodramas. 
On  the  contrary,  it  is  compact  of  what 
is  designed  to  be  sordid  realism.  We 
do  not,  however,  think  it  convincing  in 
this  respect.  It  is  full  of  mistresses, 
gambling,  swindlers  and  vices  of  varying 
kinds ;  and  its  heroine  is  not  Ouida's 
ingenue,  but  a  very  soiled  and  selfish 
young  person.  There  is  no  consistent 
characterization,  except  in  the  matter 
of  one  or  two  subordinate  dowagers ; 
and  there  is  an  utterly  impossible  Marquis. 
Mr.  Cooper's  tale  must  be  supposed  to 
depict  smart  society  of  a  sort,  for  there 
are  many  lords  and  baronets  in  his  pages  ; 
but  the  worst  enemies  of  that  society 
have  never  painted  it  so  black. 


Isle  Raven.  By  Owen  Vaughan.  (Duck- 
worth &  Co.) 
This  romance  attains  a  high  level  in 
describing  human  fury  animating  herculean 
strength.  Humour  is  shown  by  the  fact 
that  the  ungovernable  hero  is  a  solicitor. 
Mr.  Vaughan  illustrates  gradations  of 
that  sentiment  which  is  love  of  home  in 
its  higher  manifestations,  and  vulgar 
hunger  for  property  in  its  lower.  Raven 
Island  is  fiercely  claimed  and  guarded  by 
those  who  have  nine-tenths  of  the  law  on 
their  side  ;  but  it  is  bought  by  a  young 
lady  on  whom  immeasurable  contempt 
is  poured  at  the  end  of  the  book,  and  the 
sale  is  proved  illegal  by  the  production 
of  a  deed  in  favour  of  the  heroine.  The 
romance  is  stirring,  being  driven  to  its 
crisis  by  elemental  feelings ;  and  its 
heroine,  who  dreams  like  a  poet,  and 
deliberately  wrecks  a  motor-car,  is  a 
novelty  in  fiction. 


The   Fly   on   the    Wheel.     By   Katherine 

C.  Thurston.  (Blackwood  &  Sons.) 
In  her  new  novel  Mrs.  Thurston  does  not 
rely  so  much  upon  her  plot  as  was  the 
case  with  'John  Chilcote,  M.P.'  It  is  a 
study  of  sexual  passion  rising  at  times 
to  real  power ;  and  though  the  inter- 
position of  a  Roman  Catholic  priest  is 
used  at  the  crisis  of  the  story,  we  feel  that 
the  author  has  not  intended  this  as  a 
solution  of  her  problem.  The  setting 
is     Irish,     though     there     is     no    stagy 


Many    Junes.     By    Archibald    Marshall. 

(Methuen  &  Co.) 
We  fear  that  Mr.  Marshall  may  push  his 
methods  of  simplicity  rather  too  far. 
His  last  book,  '  Exton  Manor,'  dispkyed 
the  limit  of  lack  of  artifice,  if  one  may 
put  it  in  that  way.  In  other  words,  he 
had  determined  in  that  tale  to  meet  life 
on  its  own  terms,  and  not  put  it  under  the 
compulsion  of  any  unities  or  rules  for 
registration  in  a  novel.  It  is  a  question 
how  far  this  can  be  safely  carried  out. 
Art  must  always  imply  a  certain  artifice, 
a  certain  selection  ;  and  all  arts  have 
their  conventions.  But  '  Exton  Manor ' 
emerged  successfully  from  the  experiment. 
We  are  not  sure  that  'Many  Junes  '  alto- 
gether does.  It  has  the  effect  of  being 
disjointed  by  the  passage  of  many  Junes. 
Ten  years  pass  here,  and  five  there,  and 
then  ten  again.  The  unities  of  fiction 
are  set  at  defiance.  Moreover,  characters 
drop  out  with  whom  we  should  be  glad 
to  keep  acquaintance.  This  gives  the 
effect  of  patchiness  to  the  novel.  It  is 
gentle  and  sad  in  atmosphere,  and  a 
little  pessimistic  in  philosophy  ;  but  its 
chief  characters  are  essential  human 
beings.  We  wish  that  they  could  have 
been  set  in  other  circumstances,  and 
fallen  on  other  fates.  Mr.  Marshall,  how- 
ever, will  not  have  it  so,  and  is  ruth- 
less. It  is,  in  fine,  fife,  not  art,  that  he 
gives  us,  and  we  are  left  wondering  at 
the  difference,  and  with  the  old  puzzle 
to  solve. 

The    Night    that    brings    out    Stars.     By 

Georgette  Agnew.     (Heinemann.) 
Apparently  a  first  venture  on  the  higher 
plane    of    fiction,    this    account    of    the 


No.  4196,  March  28,  1908 


THE    ATHENAEUM 


381 


fortunes  of  a  young  widow  who  tries  to 
make  a  living  in  London  by  her  pen 
shows  decided  promise.  A  few  traces 
of  grandiloquent  diction,  and  occasional 
over-elaboration  in  moralizing  and  analysis 
should  disappear  with  practice.  The 
novice  has  grown  up  abroad,  chiefly  in 
Italy,  without  maternal  or  academical 
training,  and  so  is  unconventional  and 
impulsive,  but  full  of  imagination  and 
insight ;  while  her  character  is  instinct- 
ively wholesome.  The  course  which  leads 
to  her  success  as  an  author,  and  her 
union  with  a  highly  refined  and  able 
publisher,  is  sufficiently  ruffled  to  be 
interesting.  The  story  involves  plenty 
of  incident  and  change  of  scene,  and  is 
not  overloaded  with  literary  and  artistic 
detail. 

A    Comedy   of    Moods.     By    Greville    H. 

Tempany.  (Constable  &  Co.) 
Mr.  Tempany  is  apparently  a  new  author, 
and  we  hasten  to  offer  him  a  welcome. 
He  has  good  qualifications  for  a  novelist, 
among  which  are  brightness,  wit,  and  a 
sense  of  character  and  humour.  He  has 
not  been  able  to  steer  clear  of  the  domi- 
nant influence  of  Mr.  Meredith.  This  tale 
reads  like  an  adaptation  of  '  The  Egoist ' 
to  the  homely  methods  of  Jane  Austen, 
and  a  lack  of  seriousness  vitiates  it  at 
times.  Yet  an  author  who  can  draw 
his  characters  so  clearly,  and  handle  his 
dialogue  so  neatly,  has  an  assured  future 
before  him  ;  and  it  will  be  well  to  watch 
Mr.  Tempany. 

The  Castaway  :  Three  Great  Men  ruined 
in  One  Year — a  King,  a  Cad,  and  a 
Castaway.  By  Hallie  Erminie  Rives. 
(Collier  &  Co.) 
This  American  attempt  to  make  use  of 
Byron's  career  in  fiction  is  remarkably 
bold  and  spirited.  It  is  impossible  not 
to  admire  the  ingenuity  of  the  connexions, 
and  the  tireless  enthusiasm  which  inspires 
the  writer.  Byron  appears  as  more  than 
a  hero  ;  and  his  enemies  in  dark  colours. 
His  affair  with  Jane  Clairmont  is  almost 
conceived  as  virtuous,  and  the  Italian 
scenes  are  rendered  highly  sympathetic. 
If  it  were  not  for  the  use  of  real  names, 
and  our  associations  attaching  to  them, 
it  would  be  possible  to  read  this  novel 
with  great  pleasure  and  appreciation ; 
but  the  fact  that  those  associations  do 
exist  is  an  impediment  to  enjoyment.  The 
author  is  also  reckless  as  to  chronology. 


OUR    LIBRARY    TABLE!. 

The  new  volume  of  the  reissue  of  the 
Dictionary  of  National  Biography  (Smith  & 
Elder)  covers  the  names  Abbadie  to  Boadon, 
that  is  to  pay,  three  volumes  of  the  original 
edition.  This  saving  in  space  is  effected 
by  tho  use  of  thin  paper,  which  does  not, 
however,  interfere  with  the  readability  of 
tho  type.  Tho  now  binding  in  dark  blue 
is  a  distinct  improvement  on  the  old  umbor 
coloured  covers.  Corrections  have  boon 
made,  and  tho  bibliographios  aro  improved. 
It  seems  almost  ludicrous  for  any  single 
critic,  however  erudite,  to  praise  this 
masterly  work,  and  patronizo  tho  finished 
and  sovoroly  simplo  biographios  writton  by 


all  the  best  authorities  in  the  country.  No 
ingenious  heralding  or  attractive  anecdotes, 
which  sink  finally  into  commercial  bathos, 
of  the  character  associated  with  soap  and 
other  familiar  articles  of  commerce,  are 
needed  to  secure  a  wide  sale  for  this  new  issue. 
The  series  has  long  been  appreciated  by 
every  scholar  who  has  had  anything  to  do 
with  the  history  or  biography  of  his  own 
country.  The  popular  writer  appears  learned 
by  its  means,  and  the  expert  differs  from  its 
results  and  verdicts  with  trepidation.  It  is 
a  monument  of  wonderful  organization  and 
scholarly  restraint  ;  and  its  mere  existence 
in  this  age  of  hasty  and  ill-considered  com- 
pilation is  an  encouragement  to  the  "  honour- 
able minority,"  who  do  not  scamp  their  work, 
and  know  what  real  research  and  criticism  are. 

Messrs.  Longman  &  Co.  publish  India 
and  the  Empire  :  a  Consideration  of  the 
Tariff  Problem,  by  Mr.  M.  de  P.  Webb. 
We  should  have  abstained  from  any  notice 
of  this  volume,  on  the  ground  that  it  appears 
to  belong  to  the  class  of  "  campaign  litera- 
ture "  which,  as  regards  all  parties,  The 
Atlxenozum  avoids,  were  it  not  that  special 
importance  is  given  to  it  by  an  Introduction 
from  the  pen  of  Sir  Edward  Law,  late 
Finance  Minister  of  India.  It  becomes 
necessary  for  us  to  state  that  the  volume 
is  on  the  Chamberlain  or  "Tariff  Reform" 
side,  and  constitutes  an  attempt  to  upset 
the  weighty  arguments  put  forward  by  Lord 
Curzon  in  Council  as  the  unanimous  and 
settled  opinion  of  the  Government  of  India. 
Any  direct  contradiction  may  no  doubt 
be  explained  away,  and  Sir  Edward  Law 
points  out  that  the  dispatches  of  the  Govern- 
ment of  India  laid  before  Parliament  con- 
tained guarding  words,  and  were  not  so 
absolute  a  declaration  in  favour  of  old- 
fashioned  Free  Trade  as  is  sometimes  sup- 
posed. Nevertheless,  he  goes,  perhaps,  some- 
what too  far  in  suggesting  that  the  words 
as  to  India  retaining  a  free  hand  and  remain- 
ing able  to  consider  the  "  Fair  Trade " 
principle  in  any  given  case  "  practically 
declared  for  a  policy  of  retaliation."  In 
any  case  the  decision  not  only  fell  short  of 
Mr.  Chamberlain's  Preferential  system,  but 
was,  in  our  opinion,  in  distinct  opposition 
to  it.  In  the  author's  text  a  reference  to 
"  the  expanding  populations  of  Canada 
and  Australia  "  is  followed  by  the  statement 
that  "  those  populations  in  the  course  of 
the  next  few  years  will  exceed  the  population 
of  the  United  Kingdom."  This  is  prophecy 
— rendered  dangerous  in  the  case  of  Aus- 
tralia by  the  recent  tendency  of  the  Common- 
wealth to  "  the  stationary  condition." 

The  New  Dominion  :  a  Tale  of  To- 
morrow's Wars,  by  a  gentleman  who  bears 
the  startling  name  of  Arthur  Wellesley 
Kipling,  is  published  by  Mr.  Francis  Grif- 
fiths. The  contonts  are  hardly  to  be  recon- 
ciled with  the  title,  inasmuch  as  the  ima- 
ginary and  highly  improbable  war  discussed 
in  its  pages  is  to  begin  (or  should  we  say 
did  begin  ?)  in  August  last.  The  American 
fleet  at  the  time  of  the  reception  of  a  Japanese 
ultimatum  is  still  in  Atlantic  waters  ;  and 
the  war  that  follows  is  rendered  oven  more 
incredible  by  that  circumstance  than  it 
would  in  any  case  have  boon.  The  nature 
of  the  operations  may  bo  gathered  from 
tho  fact  that  bofore  a  peace  is  reached  tho 
American  cavalry  are  at  Yokohama.  Wo 
fonr  that  crude  essays  in  strategy  and  tac- 
tics, based  on  conflicts  that  statesmen  hope 
to  avoid,  aro  calculated  to  do  international 
harm,  without  interesting  ordinary  readers. 
Our  own  country  suffers  at  tho  hands  of 
the  Transatlantic  author  by  tho  revelation 
in  tho  early  pagos  thai  '•  national  intention 
to  support  Japan  againsl  the  United  States, 
officially  expressed  by  a  virtual  ultimatum, 


was  cancelled  by  the  King  at  the  dictation 
of  a  mob  attacking  Buckingham  Palace. 
The  result  was  revolutionary  action  by 
"  His  Majesty,"  who  "  did  not  hesitate " 
to  yield  to  a  "  curt "  American  dispatch. 
After  this  the  author  claims  to  have  shown 
that  "  the  combination  of  the  two  great 
Anglo-Saxon  nations "  would  set  up  a 
"  terrific  world-shaking  power." 

An  American  translation  of  the  memoirs 
of  Prince  Urussov,  by  Mr.  H.  Rosenthal 
of  New  York,  is  published  by  Messrs.  Harper 
&  Brothers,  under  the  title  Memoirs  of  a 
Russian  Governor.  The  most  important 
of  the  side-lights  tlirown  by  Prince  Urussov 
on  the  anti-Jewish  riots  of  recent  years 
in  Russia  are  already  known  to  English 
readers,  but  this  volume  may  be  commended 
to  their  notice.  It  contains  a  good  deal 
that  is  of  interest  on  the  state  of  Russia, 
with  one  or  two  important  references  to 
the  personality  of  the  Emperor  and  of  men 
still  playing  a  leading  part.  A  conversation 
between  the  author  and  the  King  of  Rou- 
mania  deserves  notice.  The  Prussian  view 
of  kingship  came  out  in  the  statement  of 
Charles  of  Hohenzollern  to  Prince  Urussov 
that  Parliamentary  deliberations  cause  "  a 
want  of  coherence  and  consistency  in  the 
administration  of  a  country."  The  Russian 
special  envoy's  reply  carries  conviction  to 
all  who  know  Russia,  not  only  as  it  is  now 
under  Nicholas  II.  since  the  Japanese  war, 
but  as  it  was  under  his  father,  his  grand- 
father, and  even  his  great-grandfather 
Nicholas  I.  : — 

"I  tried  to  make  clear  to  the  constitutional 
King  that  in  our  absolute  monarchy  there  were 
as  many  governments  as  there  were  ministries,  and 
that  changes  in  the  home  policy  with  us  were  just 
as  frequent  as  the  changes  of  separate  ministers. 
Every  Russian  Minister,  I  said,  reports  to  the 
Emperor  on  his  own  account,  and  directs  his  line 
of  work  irrespective  of  what  is  going  on  in  the 
other  ministries.  What  Russia  lacks  is  just  this 
unity  in  the  administration  of  the  country,  as  the 
Emperor  cannot,  of  course,  by  his  personal  direc- 
tion alone,  establish  that  cohesion  of  the  ministries 
which  springs  from  the  solidarity  of  the  members 
of  a  cabinet.  In  answer  to  the  King's  objection 
that  we  had  a  council  of  ministers  whose  function 
it  is  to  unify  all  the  ministries,  I  tried  to  bring 
home  the  fact  that  this  council  of  ministers  is  an 
institution  of  a  purely  nominal  character,  as  it 
never  meets  and  plays  no  part  in  the  government 
of  the  country." 

The  author  relates  a  statement  by  the 
present  Emperor  of  Russia  immediately 
after  tho  Japanese  first  attack  on  the 
Russian  fleet  at  Port  Arthur  in  the  words  : 
"The  assault  of  the  enemy  was.... but 
the  '  bite  of  a  flea.'  The  serene  and  even 
joyful  spirit  of  tho  Czar  amazed  mo."  The 
volume  is  full  of  less-important  pleasant 
gossip. 

Three  more  volumes  are  now  out  in  the 
"  Eversley  Edition"  of  Tennyson  (Mac- 
millan),  containing  Poems,  II.  ;  Enoch 
Ardcn,  and  In  Mcmoriam  ;  and  The  Princess, 
and  Maud.  The  form  and  notes  of  the 
edition  are  alike  attractive,  and  some  poems 
and  linesnol  printed  in  the  ordinary '"works" 
are  given  here  and  are  well  worth  reading. 
Wo  must .  however,  adopt  one  of  the  common- 
place reflections  which  made  the  fortune  of 
the  Vicar  of  Wakefield's  nephew  in  Paris, 
and  remark  that  tho  hook  mighl  have  boon 
better   if   the  editor  had   taken    more  pains. 

Lord  Tennyson  has  provided  Borne  literary 

illustrations  on  which  his  father's  phrasing  is 
or  may  bo  founded,  and  omitted  Others  which 
Students  of  the  poet  have  pointed  <  oil . 

Tennyson,  as  the  notes  abundantly  notify, 
objected  to  this  process  of  discovering 
literary  reminiscences  in  the  simplest  expres- 
sions :  but  there  can.  as  we  have  said  belore, 
be  little  doubt  that  lie.  consciously  or  uncon- 


T  II  E     AT  II  ENiEU  M 


No.  4196,  Mabch  28,  it 


i   Bected  n  good  deal  moreoi  i  arlier 
English    work,    and    of    Latin    and    Gjraek, 

than  i.  ta      \ 1 1 .  i-  all.  m  an  original 

untcr  has  remarked,  appropriate  things  are 
mad. >  to  be  appropriatea,  and  an  age  which 
doea  not  oare  for  Virgil  may  applaud 
Nil-Lilian  phraae  in  Tennyson.  Many  refer- 
enoea  of  this  sort  are  omittod.  Thus  to 
Virgil's  notable  line  En  '.Knoid,'  iv.  34, 

II  ciiicii-iM  ant  imilWI  cicdis  cm-ire  Mp&ltOt 

we  may  trace  a  passage  in  'In  Memoriam,' 

xxxviii., 

if  in  can  for  what  is  here 
Survive  in  .spirits  rendered  free, 

and  another  in  the  Wellington  ode  : — 

If  aught  Of  tilings  that  here  befall 
Touch  B  spirit  among  things  divine. 

In  'The  Princess'  "Ask  me  no  more" 
makes  an  effective  refrain,  but  it  had  already 
been  so  used  by  Carew.  '  Tears,  Idle  Tears,' 
appears  from  the  facsimile  of  the  original  MS. 
to  have  boon  originally  "  Ah  !  foolish  tears." 
The  sentiment  underlying  this  song  is 
inadequately  explained.  Lord  Tennyson 
might  have  pointod  out  that  his  father  gavo 
the  late  Sir  James  Knowles  a  full  account 
of  the  subject,  which  was  published  in  The 
Nineteenth  Century  for  January,  1893.  The 
feeling  exhibited  is  that  called  by  Tennyson 
himself  in  youthful  days  "  the  Passion  for  the 
Past."  He  says  as  much  in  '  The  Ancient 
Sage '  ;  so  a  chance  of  illustrating  the  poet 
from  himself  has  been  missed. 

"  Kex  "  in  '  The  Princess  '  is  Shakspeare's 
"kocksies"  ('Henry  V.,'  V.  ii.),  a  word 
applied  in  the  vernacular  to  many  of  the 
Umbelliferae,  and  effectively  used  by  Mr. 
Hardy.  Grandfer  Cantle  says  in  chap.  iii. 
of  'The  Return  of  the  Native'  :  "I'm  as 
dry  as  a  kex  with  biding  up  here  in  the 
wind."  The  Quarterly  Review,  we  are  told, 
objected  to  the  phrase  "  like  an  April 
daffodilly,"  apparently  on  the  pedantic 
ground  that  daffodils  belong  to  March. 
Tennyson  notes  that  they  belong  to  April, 
and  even  May,  as  well  as  March.  He  or  his 
editor  might  have  added  that  he  has  actually 
put  the  flower  in  March  elsewhere,  for  that 
is  the  month  referred  to  in  the  '  Prefatory 
Sonnet  to  "  The  Nineteenth  Century  "  '  as 

This  roaring  moon  of  daffodil  and  crocus. 

In  '  In  Memoriam '  some  passages  by 
earlier  poets  are  quoted  here  which  are 
nothing  like  so  close  to  the  text  as,  for 
instance, 

The  April 's  in  her  eyes,  it  is  love's  spring, 
of  '  Antony  and  Cleopatra,'  III.  ii.,  is  to 

And  hopes  and  light  regrets  that  come 
Make  April  of  her  tender  eyes  ; 

or  Milton's  beautiful 

Smoothing  the  raven  down  of  darkness 
to 

Let  darkness  keep  her  raven  gloss  ; 
or  Coleridge's 


to 


There  is  not  wind  enough  to  whirl 
The  one  red  leaf,  the  last  of  its  clan, 


The  last  red  leaf  is  whirled  away. 
In  these  instances  one  need  not  suppose 
imitation.  Poets  in  the  same  case  say  the 
same  things,  for  they  have  to  make  a  more 
rigid  selection  of  word  and  incidont  than  the 
prose  writer,  and  we  may  consider  as  natural 
and  inevitable  alike  the 

Dark  House,  by  which  once  more  I  stand 
Here  in  the  long  unlovely  street, 
Doors  where  my  heart  was  used  to  beat.. 

of  Tennyson,  and  the 

So  wandle  ich  wiedcr  den  alten  Weg, 

Die  wohlbekannten  Gassen  ; 
Ich  komme  vor  meiner  Liebsten  Hans, 

Das  stent  so  leer  und  verlassrii, 

of  Heine. 

The  kind  of  note  which  explains  where 
this  or  that  simile  was  conceived  and  stored 
up  for  future  use  abounds,  and  will  please 
some,  but  not  others,  who  do  not  want  to  think 
of  so  ethereal  a  tiling  as  poetry  as  pioced 


together  by  the  aid  ■■■  rful memorizing. 

What  wo  may  fairly  aak  for  in  the  oaae  of  a 
stylist  like  Tennyson  i-i  more  attention   to 

■ingle  words  and  phrases,  and  a  clear  ifa 

moot  of  the  changes  in  tho  poet's  text,  for 
these  alteration*  are  not  all  laid  before  the 

public  in  the  numerous  editions  which  have 
to  avoid  copyright  matter.  Many  people, 
for  instance,  aro  puzzled  about  the  number- 
ing of  tho  poema  in  'In  Memoriam.'     The 

final    edition     includes    canto    xxxix.,     "old 

warder  of  these  buried  bones";  but  tho  flood 
of  reprints  omits  this  new  section,  and  con- 
sequently alters  much  of    the  numbering. 

We  strongly  commend  to  the  daily  in- 
creasing numbor  of  tourists  and  travellers 
Messrs.  Nelson's  new  and  handy  library  of 
books  at  sevenpence,  which  is  excellent  alike 
in  appearance  and  contents.  Recent  volumes 
include  TJie  Man  from  America,  White  Fang, 
A  Lame  Dog's  Diary,  and  The  Octopus, 
which  are  all  in  thoir  various  ways  note- 
worthy novels. 

Qui  Etes-  Vous  ?  published  by  the  Librairie 
Ch.  Delagrave  of  Paris,  makes  a  first  appear- 
ance, and  forms  a  very  welcome  addition 
to  our  works  of  reference.  The  idea  of  the 
book  is  taken  from  the  English  '  Who 's 
Who,'  but  it  loses  little  by  paying  less  atten- 
tion to  the  personal  details  now  considered 
necessary  in  that  somewhat  inflated  record. 
Long  ago  we  had  from  France  the  excellent 
'  Dictionnaire  Universel  des  Contemporains  ' 
by  Vapereau,  but  that  is  getting  quite  out  of 
date,  unless  there  are  new  editions  which 
have  not  reached  us.  The  handier  book 
now  before  us  will  solve  many  of  the  small 
puzzles  regarding  accents  on  proper  names 
which  exercise  English  minds.  Well-known 
pen-names  such  as  Arvede  Barine  and  Gyp 
are  awarded  a  place,  with  a  reference  to  the 
real  personalities  they  cover.  Altogether 
there  are  more  than  5,000  brief  biographies, 
and  some  obvious  omissions  of  important 
people  can  be  remedied  next  year. 

The  Western  Independent  has  published 
a  reproduction  of  the  first  newspaper  pub- 
lished in  Devonport,  on  March  19th,  1808, 
together  with  a  history  of  '  Devonport 
Journalism,  1808-1908,'  in  its  columns. 
The  Plymouth  and  Dock  Telegraph  has 
lineally  descended  to  The  Western  Inde- 
pendent, and  much  of  its  first  issue  is  of 
historic  interest,  as  relating  to  the  Napoleonic 
wars,  when  Plymouth  Dock,  now  known  as 
Devonport,  was  an  important  centre  of 
operations. 


NOTES    FROM    CAMBRIDGE. 

To  an  academic  person  leading  a  jog-trot 
existence  Cambridge  in  the  Lent  term  does 
not  present  many  subjects  for  a  letter. 
Upon  the  whole,  the  most  remarkable  thing 
about  the  term  is  that  most  of  us  have  sur- 
vived it.  It  was  long,  the  weather  was  bad, 
and  the  influenza  bacillus  very  active,  and 
now  that  it  has  ended  it  is  not  particularly 
regretted. 

When  we  came  into  residence  the  great 
quostion  was,  "  What  will  they  do  with  it  ?  " 
Trinity's  enormous  legacy  being,  of  course, 
the  main  theme  of  our  speculations.  Accord- 
ing to  Sir  George  Young,  "it"  was  the 
reward  of  virtue,  Trinity  having  had  a 
majority  a  few  years  ago  against  Greek, 
though  some  people  wondered  why  a  bare 
majority  at  Trinity  should  be  so  richly 
rewarded,  and  poor  Downing,  which  voted 
almost  to  a  man  against  the  classics,  should 
get  nothing.  But  soon  rumours  were  heard 
that  after  all  Sir  William  Pearce's  legacy 
was  less  prodigious  than  had  been  antici- 
pated, and  it  is  already  said  to  be  about  one- 
half  the  value  announced  in  the  newspapers. 
Still,  six  figures,  the  first  of  wluch  is  not  a 


unit,  is  a  very  fair  bequest,  and  the  FeO 

of  Trinity  are   doubt!*--    expecting  a  better 

dividend    for   themaelvee,    projecting    new 

buildings  for  their  Htnd.  nts,  and  hoping  that, 
if  all   goes  well   with    them,   the    Unfvt ■; 
will    ultimately  benefit.      It   is   strange   how 
Little  the  University,  and   how   mnefa    the 

colleges,  appeal  to  the  generosity  of  their 
mi  rubers  ;  and  it  is  well  for  people  to 
realize  that  the  colleges  make  our  old  univer- 
sities, and  not  vice  versa.  It  is  also  re- 
markablo  that  the  more  a  college  or  univer- 
sity does  for  a  man,  the  less  ho  seems  disposed 
to  benefit  it  pecuniarily.  Those  who  either 
leave  without  a  degree,  or  just  manage  to 
pass  without  probably  so  much  as  knowing 
any  don  but  their  tutor  and  doan,  pour 
their  money  into  Alma  Mater's  lap  ;  whilst 
those  whom  she  loads  with  honours,  and  puts 
in  the  way  of  acquiring  fame  and  fortune, 
seem  to  overlook  her  existence.  The  grati- 
tude of  Sir  William  Pearce  to  Trinity,  and 
Cecil  Rhodes  to  Oxford  and  Oriel,  contrasts 
with  other  testamontary  dispositions  ;  and 
an  anti-reformer  might  cynically  remark, 
"  Why  try  and  help  the  undergraduates  ? 
The  less  we  do  for  them  the  more  they  are 
likely  to  do  for  us."  Well,  I  am  sure  I 
wish  Trinity  joy  of  their  windfall  ;  but 
I  expect  there  will  be  much  searching  of 
heart  when  it  has  to  be  settled  what  is  to  be 
done  with  it. 

Let  me  turn  to  more  public  matters. 
It  has  been  decided  by  those  who  rule  us 
— and  on  this  point  both  parties  are  agreed 
— that  something  must  be  done.  To  decide 
on  the  nature  of  this  something  has  caused 
certain  individuals  to  summon  a  representa- 
tive body  of  men  of  mature  age  to  appoint 
committees  to  report  how  the  University 
can  best  be  reformed.  The  two  sides  are 
equally  balanced  on  all  the  committees, 
and  to  give  them  a  juvenile,  up-to-date, 
and  even  rakish  air,  a  few  youngsters  on 
the  more  agreeable  side  of  five-and-f ort  y 
have  been  selected.  Unfortunately,  the 
whole  organization  has  been  dubbed  the 
"  New  Jerusalem  Caucus,"  and  if  ever  its 
committees  report,  their  bantlings  will 
enter  upon  life  as  children  of  '  Nova  Solyma.' 
The  new  body  has  already  had  one  result, 
an  amusing  pamphlet  called  '  Microcosmo- 
graphia  Academica,'  as  short  as  its  name 
is  long,  and  with  much  wit  in  a  small  com- 
pass. It  really  does  give  one  an  excellent 
idea  of  University  politics,  which,  like  all 
others,  are  virtually  directed  to  the  great 
end  of  making  as  much  stir  and  as  little 
progress  as  possible.  The  five  parties  are 
Conservative  Liberals,  Liberal  Conserva- 
tives, Non-Placets,  Adullamites  (or  science 
men),  and  "  Young  Men  in  a  Hurry."  To 
the  last  class  the  writer  evidently  belongs. 
"  The  Young  Man  in  a  Hurry,"  he  says, 

"is  afflicted  with  a  conscience,  which  is  apt  to 
break  out,  like  the  measles,  in  patches.  To  listen 
to  him,  you  would  think  he  united  the  virtues  of  a 
Brutus  to  the  passion  for  lost  causes  of  a  Cato ;  he 
has  not  learnt  that  most  of  his  causes  are  lost  by 
letting  his  Cato  out  of  the  bag,  instead  of  tying 
him  up  firmly  and  sitting  on  him,  as  experienced 
people  do." 

There  are  two  ways  of  acquiring  political 
influence.     One  is 

"  to  sit  tight  and  drink  port  wine.  You  will  thus 
gain  the  reputation  of  being  a  good  fellow  ;  and 
not  a  few  wild  oats  will  be  condoned  in  one  who  is 
sound  at  heart,  if  not  at  the  lower  extremities." 

Tho  other  is  to  be  a  good  business  man ,  who 

"has  a  finger  on  the  pulse  of  the  great  world — a 
distant  and  rather  terrifying  region,  which  it  is 
very  necessary  to  keep  in  touch  with,  though  it 
must  not  be  allowed  on  anj'  account  to  touch 
you." 

In  contrast  with  the  port-wine  bibber  who 
influences  Cambridge,  we  are  told  : — 


No.  4196,  March  28,  1908 


THE     ATHENiEUM 


383 


"  All  business  men  are  good  ;  and  it  is  under- 
stood that  they  let  who  will  be  clever,  provided 
he  be  not  clever  at  their  expense." 

The  "  Council "  is  said  to  be  "  firmly  con- 
vinced that  they  are  businesslike.  There 
is  no  doubt  that  some  of  them  are  Good 
Business  Men."  The  lecturers  do  not 
escape : — 

"A  lecturer  is  a  sound  scholar,  who  is  chosen  to 
teach  on  the  ground  that  he  was  once  able  to  learn. 
Eloquence  is  not  permissible  in  a  lecturer ;  it  is 
a  privilege  reserved  by  statute  for  the  Public 
Orator." 

College  feeling  is  ridiculed  rather  happily  : — 

"It  is  this  feeling  which  makes  the  college 
system  so  valuable,  and  differentiates  more  than 
anything  else  a  college  from  a  boarding-house  ;  for 
in  a  boarding-house  hatred  is  concentrated,  not 
upon  rival  establishments,  but  upon  members  of 
the  same  establishment." 

Perhaps  the  wittiest  little  capitula  is  on 
1  Squaring,'  ending  with  this  remark  : — 

"  Remember  this  :  the  men  who  get  things  done 
are  the  men  who  walk  up  and  down  King's  Parade 
fr*  m  2-4  every  day  of  their  lives." 

We  are  grateful  to  the  "  Young  Man  in  a 
Hurry ' '  who  wrote  the  iDamphlet,  not, 
we  should  say,  without  haste,  because  it 
has  amused  many,  and  has  served  to  per- 
petuate the  memory  of  the  birth  of  the 
New  Jerusalem  Caucus." 
Not  a  little  interest  has  been  caused  by 
the  lively  correspondence  between  Mon- 
signor  Barnes  and  Mr.  John  Pollock,  who 
wrote  on  '  The  Popish  Plot '  in  the  latest 
issue  of  '  The  Cambridge  Modern  History.' 
Monsignor  opened  the  ball  in  The  Cambridge 
Review  by  calling  Mr.  Pollock  a  man  in 
Buckram,  and  pointing  out  six  inaccurate 
statements  in  two  pages  of  his  chapter. 
The  retort  was  to  defend  two  of  the  alleged 
inaccuracies  with  some  skill,  and  then  to 
retire  in  a  dignified  manner  into  the  corner 
and  decline  to  play  any  more.  In  the  last 
number  Monsignor  Barnes  compared  his 
adversary  to  a  cuttlefish — I  forget  the 
scientific  name  of  the  marine  creature  which 
escapes  under  the  obscurity  of  the  ink  it 
is  able  to  eject.  Then  the  term  came  to 
an  end,  leaving  an  increased  number  of 
readers  of  the  Review  to  admire  the  courtesy 
of  men  of  piety  and  learning  in  a  contro- 
versial dispute. 

It  is  a  pleasure  to  be  able  to  note  a  great 
improvement  in  the  New  Theatre.  This 
term  some  good  companies  came  down 
and  played  pieces  that  did  not  merely  tickle 
the  ear  and  amuse  the  eye.  The  crowds 
who  wont  to  see  Mr.  H.  B.  Irving  in  '  The 
Bells,'  and  the  enthusiastic  welcome  he 
received,  ought  to  convince  the  managers 
that  it  is  possible  to  make  the  theatre  pay, 
and  at  the  same  time  to  elevate  the  tone 
of  Cambridge. 

There  was  only  one  day  on  which  the 
Senate  was  really  divided,  and  that  witnessed 
a  large  non-placet  vote  crossing  the  house 
to  vote  placet.  A  proposal  to  confine  the 
Oldham  bequest  to  immature  students 
of  Khakspoaro  fresh  from  school  produced 
a  strongly  worded  and  weightily  signed 
fly-sheet,  and  was  thrown  out  by  a  large 
majority  ;  whilst  an  attempt  to  render 
useless  tho  reforms  suggested  originally  by 
a  certain  professor,  but  subsequently  adopted 
by  thoso  who  had  investigated  the  matter, 
was  very  properly  defeated. 

The  death  of  tho  Duke  of  Devonshire,  our 
Chancellor,  will  cast  a  gloom  ovor  deserted 
Cambridgo.  All  that  is  being  said  olsowhoro 
of  him  in  his  other  capacities  is  true  of  his 
dischargo  of  his  high  office  here.  Ho  never 
forgot  his  responsibility  to  Cambridge,  and 
what  ho  did  to  start  an  appoal  for  tho 
growing  noods  of  tho  Univorsity  will  mako 
his  Chancellorship  momorablo.  J. 


'LISBON    AND    CINTRA.' 

Mr.  Inchbold  is  misinformed.  Camoens 
died  on  Friday,  June  10th,  1580.  The  date 
is  given  in  an  "  Ementa "  recording  the 
payment  to  the  poet's  mother  of  6,765  reis, 
the  amount  of  pension  due  to  him  "  do 
primeiro  de  Janeiro  do  anno  de  d.lxxx  ate 
dez  de  Junho  delle  em  que  faleceo."  This 
official  record  was  printed  by  Juromenha 
forty-eight  years  ago  in  his  edition  of 
Camoens  (vol.  i.  p.  172),  and  is  accepted  as 
final  by  all  competent  biographers  from 
Storck  downwards. 

As  to  Ribeiro's  heroine,  the  identification 
with  Joana  de  Vilhena  was  put  forward  by 
Theophilo  Braga — -not  "recently,"  as  Mr. 
Inchbold  says,  but  in  1872  ('  Bernardim 
Ribeiro  e  os  Bucolistas,'  p.  103).  It  recom- 
mends itself  to  critics  who  are  at  issue  with 
Braga  on  many  other  points.  In  the  second 
edition  of  his  book  (1897)  Braga  suggests 
the  name  of  Ribeiro's  cousin  Joana  Tavares, 
but  this  suggestion  has  found  less  favour. 

The  Princess  Beatriz  was  first  mentioned 
by  Faria  e  Sousa  more  than  a  century  after 
the  alleged  occurrence.  It  is  an  overstate- 
ment to  say  that  Almeida  Garrett  and 
Herculano  "  believed  implicitly "  in  the 
legend.  Almeida  Garrett  used  it  for  dra- 
matic and  poetical  purposes  in  '  Um  Auto 
de  Gil  Vicente'  (1838)  and  in  'A  Ama ' 
(1851)  ;  but  he  avoids  vouching  for  the 
truth  of  it  in  his  notes,  and  is  obviously  ill 
at  ease  on  the  subject.  In  O  Panorama 
(August  31st,  1839)  Herculano  has  an 
article  distinctly  admitting  that  there  is  no 
evidence  to  confirm  Faria  e  Sousa' s  surmise  ; 
he  tries  to  make  good  the  deficiency,  but 
produces  nothing  more  convincing  than  a 
narrativo  describing  the  Princess's  regret 
at  leaving  Portugal.  Faria  e  Sousa  is  so 
untrustworthy  that  his  assertions,  even 
when  they  refer  to  contemporary  events, 
must  be  received  with  extreme  reserve : 
the  unsupported  statements  of  this  notorious 
forger  deserve  no  credence  whatever  when 
they  relate  to  past  events.  His  conjecture 
concerning  the  Princess  Beatriz  was  shown 
to  be  baseless  by  Costa  e  Silva,  who  rightly 
calls  it  "an  absurd  fable"  (' Ensaio 
biographico-critico  sobre  os  melhores  Poetas 
Portuguezes,'  vol.  i.  p.  105)  ;  and  the  fable 
has  gradually  dropped  out  of  sight.  Varn- 
hagen  held  that  Ribeiro's  Aonia  was  Juana 
la  Loca,  but  this  view  has  likewise  been 
abandoned. 

If  Mr.  Inchbold  hesitated  to  decide 
between  the  claims  of  Joana  do  Vilhena  and 
Joana  Tavares,  his  position  would  be  com- 
prehensible ;  but  there  is  no  more  to  be 
said  for  Faria  o  Sousa' s  random  guess  than 
for  Varnhagon's.  In  any  book  "  where 
concentration  is  essential  on  account  of 
limited  space"  the  author  should  give  only 
tho  facts,  or  the  more  probable  version  of 
facts,  and  should  refrain  from  introducing 
exploded  theories.  The  Reviewer. 


LIST  OF  NEW  BOOKS. 
ENGLISH. 

Theology. 

Brodrick  (M.),  The  Trial  and  Crucifixion  of  Jesus  Christ  of 

Nazareth,  3/0  net. 
Church  of  England  Penny  Manuals:  Oo  You  Believe'  by 

the  Rev.   R.  c.  Burr;  Ritual  in  the  Light  of   God's 

Word,  hy  the  Rev.  a.  Bvenurd,  Id.  each. 
Church    Pulpit   Commentary  :    Joshua    to    2    Chronicle  -  : 

st.  Mark  to  st.  LukeviL,  7/6 each, 
David:   Warrior,  Poet,  King,  7/6  net.    Edited  by  w.  s. 

Richardson. 
Dowden  (Bishop  J.),  Further  Studies  in  the  Prayer  Rook,  8/ 
( torham  (0.  T.),  The  First  Easter  Dawn,  4  v,  net,  an  inquiry 

mto  the  ex  [deuce  for  the  Resurrection  of  -testis. 

Greek  Versions  of  the  Testaments  of  the  Twelve  Pail  iarchs, 

18/  net.  Edited  from  nine  MBS,  by  R.  ii.  Charles, 
also  includes  the  variants  of  the  Armenian  and 
Slavonic  versions  and  some  Hebrew  fragments. 

ii  mmond  (('anon  .!.),  church  or  chapel 'an  Eirenicon, 

i   net,    ,\cw  Edition 
Henson (Canon  B.  Bensley),  Christ  and  the  Nation,  6/ net, 

\v  e   I  minster  and  other  sermons. 


Laycock  (G.  T.),  Christ's  Picture  in  Three  Panels,  4/6  net. 

Liddon  (Canon  II.  P.),  The  Divinity  of  our  Lord  and  Saviour 
Jesus  Christ,  2/6  net.  The  Bampton  Lectures  for  1866. 
New  Edition. 

Pan-Anglican  Papers :  Political  and  Social  Conditions  of 
Missionary  Work,  2  parts  ;  The  Critical  Study  of  the 
Bible,  2d.  each. 

Parables  (The),  7/6  net.    Edited  by  L.  Abbott. 

Robson  (J.),  The  Resurrection  Gospel  :  a  Study  of  Christ's 
Great  Commission,  5/  net. 

Law. 

Gordon  (J.  W.),  The  Statute  Law  relating  to  Patents  of 
Invention  and  Registration  of  Designs,  5/  net.  With 
an  Introduction  and  Synopsis. 

Mathews  (A.  G.),  A  Short  Treatise  on  the  Law  of  Wills, 
7/6 

Phillipson  (C),  Two  Studies  in  International  Law,  5/  net. 

Simonson  (P.  F.),  The  Companies  Acts,  1900  and  1907,  with 
Commentaries,  5/  net. 

Fine  Art  and  Archaeology. 

Budge  (E.  A.  Wallis),  An  Account  of  the  Sarcophagus  of 
Seti  L,  King  of  Egypt,  B.C.  1370.  Written  for  the 
Trustees  of  Sir  John  Soane's  Museum  ;  has  a  frontispiece, 
and  112  illustrations  in  the  text. 

Bumpus  (T.  F.),  London  Churches,  Ancient  and  Modern  ; 
First  Series,  Mediaeval  and  Early  Renaissance,  with 
30  plates ;  Second  Series,  Classical  and  Modern,  with 
33  plates,  6/  net  each. 

Cruttwell  (M.),  A  Guide  to  the  Paintings  in  the  Churches 
and  Minor  Museums  of  Florence,  3/6  net.  A  critical 
catalogue,  with  quotations  from  Vasari  and  many 
illustrations.    In  the  Art  Collections  of  Europe. 

Fletcher  (Beaumont),  Richard  Wilson,  R.A.,  3/6  net.  In 
Makers  of  British  Art. 

Gorleston  Psalter,  73/6  net.  A  manuscript  of  the  beginning 
of  the  fourteenth  century  in  the  library  of  C.  W.  Dyson 
Perrins.  Described  in  relation  to  other  East  Anglian 
books  of  the  period  by  Sydney  C.  Cockerell. 

Lang  (E.  M.),  Some  Old  English  Abbeys,  2/6  net.  With 
17  illustrations  by  Rene"  Walker. 

Northamptonshire  Notes  and  Queries,  December,  1907. 

Portfolio  of  Measured  Drawings,  Vol.  II.,  21/  net.  Edited 
by  C.  H.  Reilly  and  P.  Abercrombie. 

Tabor  (M.  E.),  The  Saints  in  Art,  3/6  net.  Deals  with  their 
attributes  and  symbols,  and  has  20  illustrations. 

Thirty-Second  Annual  Report  of  the  Museum  of  Fine  Arts, 
Boston,  U.S.A.,  for  1907. 

Poetry  and  Drama. 

Edgar  (M.  G.),  A  Treasury  of  Verse  for  School  and  Home  : 
Part  III.,  \0d.;  Part  IV.,  1/ 

Elizabethan  Shakespeare  :  Loves  Labour 's  Lost ;  The  Mer- 
chant of  Venice,  both  edited  by  W.  H.  Hudson,  2/6  net 
each. 

Ellis  (Mrs.  Havelock),  The  Subjection  of  Kezia,  6<i,  net.  A 
play  in  one  act.    No.  V.  of  the  Playgoers'  Theatre. 

Lee  (S.),  Four  Quarto  Editions  of  Plays  by  Shakespeare, 
the  Property  of  the  Trustees  and  Guardians  of  Shake- 
speare's Birthplace,  6d.  net. 

Lucas  (St.  J.),  New  Poems,  5/  net.  Some  of  the  poems  are 
reprinted  from  magazines. 

Manners  (R.),  Cuba,  and  other  Verse. 

Poems  of  Browning,  2/6  net.   Selected  with  an  Introduction 
by  the  Rt.  Hon.  A.  Birrell. 
Music. 

Paine  (J.  K.),  The  History  of  Music  to  the  Death  of 
Schubert,  8/6 

Wilder  (V.),  Mozart,  the  Story  of  his  Life,  as  Man  and 
Artist,  2  vols.,  10/.  Translated  by  L.  Liebich,  with  23 
portraits  and  facsimiles. 

Bibliography. 

Library  of  Congress :  List  of  Books  relating  to  the  Eight- 
Hour  Working  Day;  List  of  More  Recent  Works  on 
Federal  Control  of  Commerce  and  Corporations ;  List 
of  Works  relating  to  Political  Parties  in  the  United 
States  ;  List  of  Books  relating  to  Postal  Savings  Banks. 

Pinger(W.  R.  R  ),  A  List  of  First  Editions  and  other  Rare 
Books  in  the  Weinhold  Library  of  the  University  of 
California.  ,     . 

Wigan  Public  Libraries,  Thirtieth  Annual  Report  of  the 
Chief  Librarian. 

Philosophy, 

Rhoades  (J.),  Hie  Training  of  the  Imagination.  An  address 
reprinted  from  The  Journal  of  Education. 
Political  Economy. 

Loane  (M.),  From  their  Point  of  View,  0/.  Deals  with  the 
manufacture  of  the  tramp,  and  other  problems  of 
poverl  y. 

Warren  (M.),  Banks  and  their  Customers,  1/net.  A  prac- 
tical guide  for  all  who  keep  banking,  accounts  from  the 
customers'  point  of  view,  with  introduction  by  a  London 
Banker.    New  Edition. 

History  and  Biography. 

Collins  (J.  Churton),  Voltaire,  Montesquieu,  and  Rousseau 
in  England,  7/0  net 

Gamier  (R.  M.).  Annals  of  the  British  Peasantry,  10/6; 
History  of  the  English  Landed  Interest,  its  Customs, 
Laws  and  Agriculture,  8  vols.,  10/6  each. 

Grace  Book  T,  containing  the  Records  ol  the  University  of 
Cambridge  for  the  Years  160148,  21/  net.  Edited b; 
W.  G.  Searle. 

Graham (H.  c.).  Literary  and  Historical  Essays,  5/ net. 

Granville  (Rev.  BA  the  King's  General  in  the  West  :  Tho 
Life  of  Sir  Richard  Granville,  Bart.,  1000-69,  10/6  net, 

Jebb (('.),  A  star  of  the  Salons,  .lulio  de  Lespinasse,  10/6 
net.    With  20 illustration* 

Jones  (II.  Stuart),  The  Roman   Empire,  B.C   .'0  \.n.   4,0,5/. 

In  the  story  of  the  Nations.  ,    .  ... - 

Lee-Warner  (Sir  W.),  Memoirs  of  Field-Marshal  Sir  Henry 

Wylie  Norman,  14/ net     With  portraits  and  maps. 
Michael  (C.  DA  President  Roosevelt,  8/8 
MonvelfR  B  de),  Bean  Brummell  and  his  Times,  in/ net 

With  a  chapter  on  Dress  and  tho   Dandies  DJ    M  iv 

Craven. 
Murdock  (HA  Earl  Percy's  Dinner-Table,  Tint. 

Rees  (.1.    D),  The   Real    India,    MO  not.     With    a    frontis- 

Bidding  (Lady  I,.),  I  tiding,    Schoolmaster  and 

Bishop:    Forty-Third    Head    Master   of    Winchester, 

Bishop  <>f  Southwell,  1884-1004,  16/  net, 


384 


Til  E     ATIIKN7KUM 


No.  4196,  March  28,  1008 


Robinson  (i  II  )  Md  Bsard  fC.  \  v  Ths  DjYolopinejil  of 
M...I.  ,n  Rurnpe,  Vol    II.,  8/1       In  Introdni  Uea  ta  tii.- 

Ituil)  of  rnn.nl  lii-t..i> 

Trial  ol  \   .1    tfonson  I  dited  '■>  ■,"l,n  »•  M""'  '" 

N  Mala  ...     ,        . 

v  k).  Tin    Inquisition,  0/  net      A.  critical  and 

historical  -ni.iv  ..(  the  coerclre  p..»«-r  ..f  tneCburcn, 
i..  rtrand  I.  Conway 

Hint  on  ..f   Mir  Counties  0<  England:   A   History  of 

rirkohlre,    Vol.    II.:   A  History  of   Staffordshire, 
Vol   i    .-.lit .-.I  by  William  Page,  SI  fl  each. 
younghn«li  nd (Col.  O. I.),  'I  I..  st..i>  of  1 1 1 *-  Guides,  7/8 net 

i    illll-t  1  :it  1..IIS. 

Otogrtphy  and  Travel. 

li.-ni ..n-  d'.  L)and  Knight (T.  H.),  Historical  Atlas  with 
Chronological  Note*,  id.  Intended  for  u-e  at  a  supple- 
mentary work  in  examination  preparation. 

Burpee  (L.  J  ),  The  Search  f»r  the  western  Sea,  16/  net. 
The  story  of  the  exploration  of  North- Western  America. 

Eliot  (sir  Charles),  Turkey  in  Europe  7  (inet.  New  Edition, 
with  the  author's  name  instead  of  "Odysseus."  Two 
chapters  on  Turkey  in  1907  are  added.  For  former 
noti. .'  see  A  Hint.,  Nov.  17,  1000,  p.  044. 

Lvdekker(i:  ).  A  Trip  to  Pilawin,  the  Deer-Park  of  Count 
ih  PotocU  in  Volliynia,  Russia.  0/net. 

Maps  :  German  South-West  Africa,  if.  Part  of  West  Africa, 
including  Gold  Coast,  Northern  and  Southern  Nigeria, 
1/ 

Natal  Directory,  ions,  10'6  net. 

Stratton  (A.  vi'.),  Letters  from  Tndia,  10/6  net.  With  a 
Memoir  by  his  Wife,  and  an  introductory  note  by  Prof. 
Bloomfield. 

Vachell  (H.  A.),  Sport  and  Life  on  the  Pacific  Slope,  7/6  net. 
Sports  and  Pastimes. 

Braid  (J.V  The  Ladies'  Field  Golf  Book,  1/  net. 

Ruff's  (iuide  to  the  Turf.     Spring  Edition,  1908,  7/0 
Education. 

McCabe  (J),  The  Truth  about  Secular  Education,  its  History 
and  Results,  6</.     Second  Edition. 

Folk-lore. 

GomnWG.  L.\  Folk-lore  as  an  Historical  Science,  7/6  net. 
With  28  illustrations. 

Philology. 

Deissmann  (A.),  The  Philology  of  the  Greek  Bible:  its 
Present  and  Future,  3/  net.  Translated  by  L.  R.  M. 
Strachan. 

liaise  (E.),  A  P/ictionary  of  Spanish  and  Spanish-American 
Mining.  Metallurgical,  and  Allied  Terms,  10/6  net. 

Hinckley  (H.  B.>.  Notes  on  Chaucer,  A  commentary  on  the 
'  Prolog'  and  six  Canterbury  Tales. 

Irshiid  al-Arib  II  a  Ma'rifat  al-Adfb.  or  Dictionary  of  Learned 
Men  of  Vaqiit,  Vol.  I.  Edited  bv  P.  S.  Margoliouth  for 
the  Trustees  of  the  E.  J.  W.  Gibb  Memorial. 

Kohn  (L.),  My  Little  German  Travelling  Companion,  M  net. 
Phrases  for  train,  luggage,  customhouse,  cab,  &c. 
Third  Edition. 

Select  Translations  from  Old  English  Prose,  5/6.  Edited 
by  A.  S.  Cook  and  Chauncey  B.  Tinker. 

West-Saxon  Psalms :  being  the  Prose  Portion,  or  the 
"  First  Fifty,"  of  the  so-called  Paris  Psalter,  2/6  net. 
Edited  from  the  manuscript,  with  an  appendix  by 
.T.  W.  Bright  and  R.  L.  Ramsay,  in  the  Belles-Lettres 
Series. 

School- Books. 

Becquer  (G.  A.),  Legends,  Tales,  and  Poems,  4/6.  Edited, 
with  Introduction,  notes  and  vocabulary,  by  E.  W, 
Olmsted. 

Hunt  (Rev.  W.).  History  of  Italy.  3/6.  In  the  Historical 
Course  for  Schools.     New  Edition. 

Maistre  (Xavier  de),  Les  Prisonniers  du  Cancase,  1/6. 
Edited,  with  Introduction,  notes,  vocabulary,  and 
French  and  English  exercises,  by  Charles  W.  Robson. 
Riverside  Literature  Series:  Beowulf  and  the  Finnesburh 
Fragment,  translated  by  C.  F.  Child.  1/;  The  Book  of 
Merlin,  The  Book  of  Sir  Balin.  edited  bv  C.  F.  Child, 
1/:  The  Prologue,  The  Knight's  Tale,  A-c  ,  edited  by 
F.  .T.  Mather,  1/6  ;  The  Song  of  Roland,  translated  by 
Isabel  Butler,  1/6 
Strachey  (J  St.  Loe).  The  Citizen  and  the  State  :  Part  II. 
Industrial  and  Social  Life  and  the  Empire,  1/6.  For 
notice  of  original  issue  see  Athen..  March  9, 1895,  p.  312. 

Story  of  Aladdin,  id.  In  Macmillan's  Supplementary 
Readers,  Senior. 

Woolley  (E.  C>,  Handbook  of  Composition,  2/6.  A  com- 
pendium of  rules  regarding  good  English,  grammar, 
sentence  structure,  <$rc. 
WTorkman  fW.  P.)  and  Cracknell  (A.  G.).  Geometry,  Theo- 
retical and  Practical,  Part  II.,  2/.  In  the  University 
Tutorial  Series.     For  notice  see  Athen.,  Jan.  12,  1907, 

Scien-e. 

Anderson  (J.  Wemyss),  Refrigeration,  7/6  net.  An  elementary 
text  book. 

Bates  (E.  K.),  Seen  and  Unseen.  1/  net.     New  Edition. 

Bell  (R.).  Health  at  its  Best  r.  Cancer,  5/ net. 

Crotch  (A.),  Telegraphic  Systems  and  other  Notes,  5/  net. 

Gray  (A.  A.I.  The  Labyrinth  of  Animals,  including  Mam- 
mals, Birds,  Reptiles,  and  Amphibians,  Vol.  II., 
25/  net. 

Harker  (A.).  Petrology  for  Students  :  an  Introduction  to 
the  Study  of  Rocks  under  the  Microscope.  One  of  the 
Cambridge  Geological  Series.     New  Edition. 

Harris  (Hon.  J.),  The  Pseudo-Occult,  1/  net.  Notes  on 
telepathic  vision  and  auditory  messages  proceeding 
from  hypnotism. 

Huxley  (T-  H),  Man's  Place  in  Nature,  and  a  Supple- 
mentary Essay,  C«I.  One  of  the  R.P.A.  Cheap  Reprints, 
with  32  illustrations. 

Kidd  (I).).  Kafir  Socialism  and  the  Pawn  of  Individualism, 
7/6  net.  An  introduction  to  the  study  of  the  Native 
Problem. 

Kolbe  (B.),  An  Introduction  to  Electricity,  10/0  net.  A 
translation  of  the  second  edition  of '  Einfiihrung  in  die 
Elektrizitiitslehre,'  translated  by  .1.  Skellon. 

Leggatt(W.),  The  Theory  and  Practice  of  the  Art  of  weaving 
Linen  and  Jute  Manufactures  bv  Power  Loom  :  Vol.  I. 
Text ;  Vol.  II.  Diagrams,  7/6  net 

Manual  of  Electrical  Undertakings  and  Directory  of 
Officials,  1908,  21/  net. 


Medical  Annual,  •■'      I   reaa  book  of  tnataMBt 

.iii.l  in  a,  t  i.  loner's  Index, 
\  itlonai  Physical  Laboratory,  Teddingtea,  Report  for  the 

I  1007, 

Parker  IT,  J.  and  W,  N),  An  Elementary  Course  of  Practical 

Zoology.  10/8     Contains  1117  ill.i-t  ration-.    New    Edition. 

Por  no)  Ice  t»  e  Alhi ....  April  n,  i 

Mining  Register  and  Directory,  1908,  \0H 
Beportonthe  Progress  and  Condition  of  the  C.s.  National 

Museum  for  the  Tear  ending  June  10,  1907. 
Reprints    from    the    Proceedings    "(    the    P.8,    National 

Mu-iMin  ;   No.   1687,  Notes  on   the   I'r.-liw .iter   Molln-k 

Plonorbti  magni/loui.   by  i'.    Bartsch;    Ni 
Ctenolucins,  Gill,  by  15.  A.  Bean  ;  No.  1S89.  Freshwater 
Crustacea  from  Labrador  and  Newfoundland,  bj  i    \ 
( '..-in nan  :  No.  1690.  On  a  Collection  of  Ihysanopterous 

i  n-.  rt  -  from  Barbados  and  si.  Vincent  i-l.ii.i-,  by  EL  .1. 
Franklin. 
Richardson    (S.    BA    Magnetism    and    Electricity   and   the 

Principles  of  Rlectrical  Measurement,  6/ net 
Robertson (W,),  Meat  ami  Pood  Inspection,  10/6 net* 
Royal  Astronomical  Society:  Annual  Report  of  the  Council, 

February,  1908,  2/6 
Soap  Makers'  Directory,  1908,  2/6  net. 

Btonham (C),  The  Birds  of  the  British  Islands,  Part  IX., 
7/6  net.     With  illustrations  by  L.   M.    Medland.     For 
notice  of  Part  VIIL,  see  Athen.,  March  14,  p.  326. 
Townsman's  Farm,  by  "  Home  Counties,"  6/  net 
Weathers  (J.),  A  Practical  Guide  to  School,  Cottage,  and 
Allotment  Gardening,  2/6  net.     With  00  illustrations, 
and  examination  questions  on  cottage  gardening. 
Whitla  (Sir  W.),  A  Manual  of  the  Practice  and  Theory  of 
Medicine,  2  vols.,  32/ 

Juvenile  Books. 
Brown  (Rev.  C),  The  Wonderful  Journey,  2/0.     Talks  with 
young  people  on  'The  Pilgrim's  Progress,' illustrated  by 
Harold  Copping. 
Dowsett  (L.  E.),  With  God  in  my  Garden,  2/6  net.      52  Sun- 
day morning  addresses  to  children. 
Schmid  (C.  von),    Easter  Eggs,    2/6  net.      Illustrated  by 
M.  V.  Wheelhouse. 

Fiction. 
Allen  (P.),  The  Old  Order  Changeth,  3/6.     With  Foreword 

by  the  Bishop  of  Salisbury. 
Ancient  Englishman  (An),   A.D.  1599—1906:    the  Strange 
Narrative  of  Geoffrey  Grenville,  edited  by  V.  Wright,  6/ 
Ashmead-Bartlett  (Ellis),    Richard   Langhorne,    6/.     The 

romance  of  a  Socialist. 
Bailey  (H.  C),  The  God  of  Clay,  6/.     With  illustrations  by 

A.  C.  Ball. 
Balfour  (Ethel),  A  Winning  Loser,  3/6 

Bowen  (M.),  The  Sword  Decides,  6/.     A  chronicle  of  a  queen 
in  the  Dark  Ages,  founded  on  the  story  of  Giovanna  of 
Naples. 
Bullen  (F.  T.),  Confessions  of  a  Tradesman,  6/.    A  descrip- 
tion of  the  author's  experiences  as  a  small  shopkeeper. 
Cromartie  (Countess  of),  The  Days  of  Fire,  2/6  net. 
Dumas  (A.),  The  Crimes  of  Ali  Pacha  and  Others,  6/.    With 

an  Introduction  by  R.  S.  Garnett,  and  7  illustrations. 
Fletcher  (J.  S.),  Paradise  Court,  6/ 
Forbes  (Hon.  Mrs.  W.  R.  D.),  Leroux,  6/ 
Fox  (A.  D.),  Follow  Up,  6/.     The  story  of  a  commonplace 

Harrovian. 
Gallichan  (W.  M.),  The  Conflict  of  Owen  Prytherch,  2/6  net. 
Garvey  (I.).  A  Comedy  of  Mammon,  6/  net.    A  slangy  record 

of  fashionable  society. 
Gordon  (S.),  The  New  Galatea,  6/ 

Her  Faithful  Knight:  the  Statement  of  Will  Heritage,  of 

the  Beacon  Farm,  by  Woodhouse  Eaves,  sometime  a 

Trooper  in  the  Parliamentary  Forces,  edited  by  W. 

Bourne  Cooke,  6/ 

Hueffer  (Ford  M.),  The  Fifth  Queen  Crowned,  6/.     The  last 

of  an  historical  series. 
Leys  (J.  K.),  The  Missing  Bridegroom,  6/ 
Macnaughtan  (S.),  Three  Miss  Graemes,  6/ 
Marriott  (C),  The  Kiss  of  Helen,  6/ 
Marsh  (Richard),  The  Coward  behind  the  Curtain,  6/ 
Morichini  (U.  L.),  Seed  on  Stony  Ground,  6/.    Translated 

by  Ella  St.  Leger. 
Musset  (A.   de),   A  Modern    Man's    Confession,    1/6   net. 
Translated  by  G.  F.  Monkshood  in  the  Lotus  Library. 
Onions  (O.),  Pedlar's  Pack,  6/ 
Philips  (F.  C),  The   Dean  and   his  Daughter,  6/.    New 

Edition.     For  notice  see  Athen.,  Feb  26,  1887,  p.  284. 
Phillpotts  (E.)  and  Bennett  (A.),  The  Statue,  6/ 
Punshon  (E.  R.),  The  Choice,  6/ 
Rodd  (Ralph),  The  Hand  on  the  Strings,  0/ 
Sutphen  (V.  T.),  The  Gates  of  Chance,  6/.   With  frontispiece. 
Troubridge  (Lady),  The  House  of  Cards,  6/ 
Tynan  (K.),  Mary  Gray,  6/.     With  4  coloured  illustrations 

by  C.  H.  Taffs. 
Vachell  (H.  A.),  The  Quicksands  of  Pactolus,  6<f.  Illustrated 
by  A.  Forestier.     New  Edition.     For  notice  see  Athen., 
Aug.  15,  1896,  p.  96. 
Yor.-t  (M.   van),  The  Sentimental  Adventures  of  Jimmy 

Bulstrode,  6/ 
Zangwill  (L.),  An  Engagement  of  Convenience,  6/ 

General  Literal  hi?. 
Colonial  Office  List,  12/6 
Crockford's  Clerical  Directory  for  100S,  20/. 
Eagle,  March,  1908.     The  Jubilee  number  of  the  magazine 

of  St.  John's  College,  Cambridge. 
Gordon  (Mrs.  Ogilvie),  A  Handbook  of  Employments.  1/net. 
Specially  prepared   for  the  use  of  boys  and  girls  on 
entering  the  trades,  industries,  and  professions! 
Hind  (C.  Lewis),  The  Diary  of  a  Looker-On,7/6 
Indian  Age,  Nos.  I.  and  II. ,  8  annas  each. 
Kelly  (Marshall),  Essays,  6/ 

Ker   (W.  P.),    Epic   and  Romance,    4/  net.      Essays   on 
medieval   literature.      New   Edition   in    the  Ev'ersley 
Series.     See  Athen.,  April  10th,  1897. 
Lynch  (II.  F.),  The  Accountant's  Preliminary  Examination 

Course,  tfB  int. 
Omoniyi  (Prince  Bandele),   A    Defence  of  the   Ethiopian 

Movement. 
Reaney  (Mrs.   G.   S.),   Mothers  and    Motherhood,   1/  net. 

New  Edition. 
Ridge  (W.  I'ett),  Speaking  Rather  Seriously,  2/6.    A  collec- 
tion of  short  essays. 
Warren  (K.  M.),  A  Treasury  of  English  Literature:  Bacon 
to   Milton  :    Elizabethan   Literature,   1/  net  each.      A 


-  «*lition,  with  Gem-nil  Introduction  by 
Stopford  A.  Hrooke. 

Patnphlctt. 

i:      n:.'     |  The  Ouention. 

Cotterfll  (C.  C),  Human  Justice  forth'--,-  at  tb<-  Bottom- 
nn    A  pp.  .    .it    the  Tot         !''•  'nd 

Edition  Pol  review  of  the  volume  >••■'■  Athtm  ,  Feb.  1, 
1908,  i>.  i-'7. 
Drtchneld  (Rev.  p.  H),  A  It—dine.  Pageant  :  or.  Scene- 
and  Rpiaodea  from  the  History  of  the  Borough  of 
nc  Berkshire,  Sd.  A  story  toM  to  the  Berk-hin- 
ArchsBoloffioa]  Roefety  on  Nov.  - 

I.olenburg  (A.),   On   the   Influence  of  the  Natural  Sciences 

on  our  Conceptions  of  the  (Jnlverae,  "d.    An  address, 

delivered  on  Sept.  21,  1'".''..  before  the  76th   meeting 

1       el)  of  the  Association  of  Geraaaa  Beasattaki 

Phy-i.i.in-,  translated  by  Dr.  C.  T.  Spr-gne. 

rOBIIG  N. 
Ttrntegy. 

Bauer  f J.),  Schleiermaclicr  nl- pit  riot  i-.  her  Prediger.  ]Oiil 
Sellin  (E),  Das  I!:itsel  des  denteroo- ,  :,r.i-<  hen  Buches,  3m. 

Fine  Art  and  Arrhirr.lomi. 
Folnesicsf.T.)  n.  Brann  (E.  W.V  Geschichte  derK.  K.  Wiener 

Porzellan-Manufaktnr,  200m. 
Rosenberg  (M.),    Geschichte    der  Golds<hmie<lekunst    auf 

techni-cher  (inindlage  :  Niello,  27m. 
Mvnic. 
Rolland  (R.),  Musiciens  d'Aujourd'hui.  3fr.  50. 

IHntm<i  and  Rionra jji ./. 
SeraoOf.),  Les  L^gendes  de  Naples:  Les  Legendes  et  la 

Reality  8fr.  50 
Wa.ldinirton  (A.),  Le  Grand  l^.lectenr  Fr^d^ric  Gn.llanmede 

Brandenbonrg  :  Sa Politique ext^rienre,  1640-S8,  Vol.  II., 

lOfr. 
Wengeroff  (P  ),  Memoiren  e.  Grossmutter,  Sm. 
Zola  (E.),  Correspondance  :  Les  Lettres  et  les  Arts,  3fi 

Geography  and  Travel, 
Beauregard  (G.  de)  et  Fouchier  (L.  de),  Voyage  en  Portugal, 

4fr. 
Bmchard  (H.  de),  T>a   France   au    Soleil :   Etudes  algen- 

ennes,  3fr. 
Gros  (R.)  et  Bonrnand  (P.),   An  Pays  du  Dollar  :  Notes, 

Indiscretions.  Souvenirs,  3fr.  50. 
Migeon  (G.),  Au  Japon,  4fr. 

PhSolegff, 
Brandl  (A.).  Geschichte  der  altpngli-chpn  Literatur :  P .-.rt  I. 

Angels-ichsische  Periode  bis  zur  Mitte  des  12  Jnhrh., 

4m.  80. 
Leeuwen  M.  van).  Prolegomena  ad  Aristophanem.  10m. 
Usener  (H.).  Sonderbave  Heilige.Texte  u.  rntersnehungen  : 

Part  I.  Der  hi.  Tychon,  5m. 

Mathematics  and  Science. 
Bonola(R.)  Die  nichteuklidische  Geometrie.  5m. 
Boutroux  {f..\  Science  et   Religion  dans    la    Philosophic 

contemporaine.  3fr.  50. 
Bruning  (H.),   Geschichte  der  Methodik   der  kiinstlichen 

Sauglingsemiihrung,  6m. 
Kavser(IL).  Handbuch  der  Spectroscopic.  Vol.  IV.  7'2m. 
ProVensal  (H.),  L'Habitation  salubre  et  :\  bon  marcbe.  3fr. 
Swedenborg  (E.\  Opera  qua?dam  aut  inedita  ant  obsolete 

de  Rebus  Naturalibus :  Vol.  I.  Geologica  et  Epistolrp, 

8/.     With  Preface  bv  G.  Retzius.  Introdnction  by  A.  G. 

Nathorst.   and   edited  by  A.  H.  Stroh.      An  elaliorate 

issue  nnder  the  auspices  of   the    Royal  Academy  of 

Sweden,  of  Swedenborg's  scientific  works. 
General  Literature. 
Marivanx.  3fr.  50.     One  of  the  Pages  choisies  des  grands 

Ecrivains,  with  Introduction  bv  F.  Vial. 
Revue  germanioue.  Mars— Avril,  4fr. 
Skfrnir,  Part  IV.  1907. 

*»*  AU  Books  received  at  the  Office  t/p  to  Wednesday 
Morning  trill  he  included  in  this  Lint  unless  preriouthi 
noted.  'Publishers  are  requested  to  state  prices  vhen 
sending  Books. 


Wittvnrv  (KassttJ. 

The  King  lias  authorized  the  publica- 
tion of  Sir  Theodore  Martin's  '  Queen 
Victoria  as  T  Knew  Her,'  and  the 
volume  will  be  issued  early  in  May  by 
Messrs.  Blackwood. 

'  The  Citizen,  the  Municipality,  and 
the  State,'  the  opening  article  which 
Mr.  Percy  Ashley  contributes  to  the 
April  number  of  The  International,  is  an 
appreciative  study  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Sidney 
Webb's  two  new  volumes  on  '  The  Manor 
and  the  Borough.'  Prof.  Arminius  Vam- 
bery  -writes  on  c  The  Emancipation  of 
Mohammedan  Women  '  :  and  Prof.  0.  D. 
Skelton  of  Toronto  on  the  recent  Canadian 
legislation  for  the  prevention  of  strikes 
and  lock-outs.  '  Spain  and  Morocco ' 
is  an  article  by  Seiior  Nicola  Salmeron, 
the  one-time  President  of  the  Spanish 
Republic.  The  special  feature  this  month 
is  a  series  of  papers  on  educational  ques- 


No.  4196,  March  28,  1908 


THE    ATHENAEUM 


385 


tions,    the   editor   in    his   leading   article 
pleading  for  '  Universities  for  the  People.' 

A  further  instalment  of  Prof.  Masson's 
'  Memories  of  London  in  the  Forties ' 
appears  in  the  April  Blackwood ;  also 
'  Some  Unpublished  Papers  at  Cranborne,' 
by  Mr.  Algernon  Cecil.  There  is  a  third 
article  on  '  Fool  Gunnery  in  the  Navy  ' 
by  St.  Barbara,  and  an  account  of 
a  '  Lion  Hunt  in  the  Eastern  Trans- 
vaal.' '  Probationery,'  a  complete  story, 
is  by  Mr.  Edmund  Candler.  The  number 
also  contains  articles  on  '  Lord  Cromer 
and  Egypt '  and  '  The  Licensing  Bill ' ; 
and  '  Musings  without  Method.' 

Mr.  Frederick  Moore,  author  of 
'  The  Balkan  Trail,'  who  has  for  several 
years  watched  the  progress  of  events  in 
Morocco  as  a  special  correspondent,  has 
almost  ready  for  publication  by  Messrs. 
Smith  &  Elder  '  The  Passing  of  Morocco,' 
which  is  an  illustrated  record  of  the  recent 
disturbances  at  Casablanca. 

'  Crossriggs,'  by  the  sisters  Miss  Mary 
and  Miss  Jane  Findlater,  which  the 
same  firm  will  publish  on  the  10th  of 
next  month,  is  the  first  novel  they  have 
written  in  collaboration.  It  tells  of  the 
cheerful  struggles  of  an  impoverished 
Scottish  family. 

Mr.  John  Lane  has  secured  from  Ana- 
tole  France  and  his  publishers  the  right 
to  issue  an  English  rendering  of  '  Joan 
of  Arc,'  the  second  volume  of  which 
was  published  this  week  in  Paris.  He 
has  also  completed  arrangements  for 
translations  of  all  the  works  of  this  author, 
under  the  general  editorship  of  Mr. 
Frederic  Chapman.  Among  the  transla- 
tors to  whom  the  various  books  have  been 
entrusted  are  Mr.  Chapman,  Mrs.  John 
Lane,  Mrs.  Newmarch,  Miss  Winifred 
Stephens,  and  Miss  M.  P.  Willcocks. 
Mr.  Lane  will  also  include  in  the  series 
Lafcadio  Hearn's  translation  of  '  The 
Crime  of  Sylvestre  Bonnard.' 

Among  Messrs.  Methuen's  forthcoming 
books  are  '  Prince  Charlie,'  by  Mr.  J.  Cuth- 
bert  Hadden,  in  which  Charles  Edward 
Stuart  forms  the  central  figure  of  a  pic- 
ture of  his  times  ;  and  '  Some  Scottish 
Women  of  the  Past,'  by  Capt.  H.  Graham, 
including  such  different  characters  as 
Black  Agnes  of  Dunbar,  Lady  Grizel 
Baillie,  martyrs  of  Covenanting  days,  and 
leaders  of  Edinburgh  Society.  Both  books 
will  be  well  illustrated. 

Mr.  S.  E.  Winbolt,  who  brought  out  a 
'  Virgil  Pocket  Book  '  with  Messrs.  Con- 
stable, has  arranged  a  '  Horace  Pocket 
Book  '  on  somewhat  broader  lines,  which 
will  be  published  by  the  same  firm. 

The  spring  list  of  the  Oxford  University 
Press  includes  '  The  Shakespeare  Apocry- 
pha '  (fourteen  plays  at  some  time  attri- 
buted to  Shakspeare),  edited  by  Mr. 
C.  F.  Tucker  Brooke;  'The  Oxford 
Treasury  of  English  Literature,'  by  Messrs. 
G.  E.  and  W.  H.  Hadow— Vol.  III. 
'  Jacobean  and  Victorian  '  ;  and  Stow's 
'  Survey  of  London,'  edited  by  Mr.  C.  L. 
Kingsford. 


Additions  to  the  "  Oxford  Classical 
Texts "  include  '  The  Odyssey,'  edited 
by  Mr.  T.  W.  Allen,  and  '  Marcus  Aure- 
lius,'  edited  by  Mr.  J.  H.  Leopold  ;  while 
in  the  "  Oxford  Library  of  Translations," 
'Tacitus's  Minor  Works,'  by  Mr.  W. 
Hamilton  Fyfe ;  '  Virgil,'  by  Mr.  John 
Jackson  ;  and  '  Hesiod,'  by  Mr.  A.  H. 
Mair,  are  promised. 

Mr.  Fisher  Unwin  will  publish  soon 
a  new  edition  of  Mrs.  Annie  Besant's 
autobiography.  It  will  contain  a  fresh 
preface,  written  from  Benares,  and  dealing 
particularly  with  Mrs.  Besant's  work  in 
India. 

Major  Arthur  Griffiths,  whose  death 
is  announced  in  his  seventieth  year,  was 
a  Crimean  veteran  and  a  well-known 
governor  and  inspector  of  prisons,  who 
applied  his  knowledge  of  crime  with 
success  to  popular  fiction.  He  also  edited 
The  Gibraltar  Chronicle,  1864,  Home  News, 
1883-8,  and  other  publications,  and  wrote 
an  autobiography,  '  Fifty  Years  of  Public 
Service.' 

A  new  collection  of  religious  verse 
by  Mrs.  Mary  Ward  Poole,  entitled 
'  Thoughts  by  the  Way,'  is  announced 
for  immediate  publication  by  Mr.  Elliot 
Stock.  The  volume  is  divided  into  three 
parts  :  '  The  Judgment  of  Love,'  '  The 
Expression  of  Nature,'  and  '  The  Endow- 
ment of  the  Soul.' 

Amongst  those  who  have  already 
intimated  their  intention  of  supporting 
Mr.  Rudyard  Kipling  at  the  118th  anni- 
versary of  the  Royal  Literary  Fund  on 
May  21st  are  the  American  and  Italian 
ambassadors,  Mr.  John  C.  Bailey,  Mr. 
J.  M.  Barrie,  Dr.  Samuel  H.  Butcher, 
Mr.  G.  K.  Chesterton,  Mr.  Edward 
Dicey,  Mr.  Austin  Dobson,  Miss  Beatrice 
Harraden,  Mr.  R.  H.  Inglis  Palgrave, 
Sir  Theodore  Martin,  Miss  Florence  Mont- 
gomery, Mrs.  Desmond  Humphreys 
("  Rita  "),  and  Mr.  H.  G.  Wells. 

Mr.  John  Milne  has  in  the  press 
'  The  Enchantress,'  a  new  novel  by  Mr. 
Edwin  Pugh,  in  which  the  scene  is  laid 
in  fashionable  London. 

Under  the  editorship  of  the  Rev. 
Dom  Bede  Camm,  Messrs.  Macdonald  & 
Evans  are  issuing  a  new  series  of  books, 
which  will  be  illustrated  by  coloured 
pictures,  and  attractively  bound.  The 
first  three  books,  to  be  published  imme- 
diately, are  '  Barnaby  Bright,'  2  vols., 
by  the  Rev.  David  Bearne  ;  a  new-  '  Life 
of  Father  Mathew,'  by  Katharine  Tynan  ; 
and  a  '  Life  of  Sir  Thomas  More.' 

Dr.  A.  P.  Higgins,  Deputy  Professor 
of  International  Law  at  Cambridge,  is 
preparing  for  publication  the  Conventions 
annexed  to  the  Final  Act  of  the  recent 
Hague  Conference,  together  with  other 
International  Conventions  on  the  laws  of 
war.  The  work  will  be  published  by  the 
Cambridge  University  Press,  but  not 
until  after  the  publication  of  the 
forthcoming  Blue- Book  containing  the 
reports  of  the  plenary  meetings  of  the 
Conference  and  those  of  the  various 
committees  and  sub-committees. 


We  regret  to  notice  that  Mr.  Sidney 
Appleton,  the  senior  member  of  Messrs, 
D.  Appleton  &  Co.,  died  suddenly  on 
the  16th  inst.  The  business  will  be  con- 
tinued by  Mr.  Warner  Circuitt,  the  re- 
maining partner,  who  had  been  associated 
with  Mr.  Appleton  for  some  time  ;  and 
he  will  have  the  assistance  of  Mr.  Walter 
Blaber,  who  for  many  years  past  has  acted 
as  manager  of  the  firm. 

A  cheaper  edition  of  Mrs.  Sutherland 
Orr's  '  Life  and  Letters  of  Browning,' 
edited  by  Dr.  F.  G.  Kenyon,  will  be  pub- 
lished  in  a  few  days  by  Messrs.  Smith  & 
Elder.  Dr.  Kenyon  contributes  a  Pre- 
face,  and  an  Appendix  on  the  two  hitherto 
unpublished  portraits  which  are  included 
in  the  volume. 

On  the  10th  of  April  the  same  firm 
will  have  ready  the  second  volume 
(comprising  the  names  Beal  to  Broweliy 
in  the  reissue  of  the  '  Dictionary  of  Na- 
tional Biography.' 

The  death  on  the  24th  inst.  is  announced 
of  Sir  James  Marwick,  who  was  at  one 
time  Town  Clerk  of  Edinburgh,  and  later 
Town  Clerk  of  Glasgow.  Born  in  1826, 
he  published  in  1866  a  history  of  the 
Edinburgh  High  Constables,  and  in 
1868  '  Ancient  Laws  and  Customs  of 
the  Burghs  of  Scotland.'  He  also  anno- 
tated and  arranged  the  archives  of  the 
City  of  Glasgow7.  '  A  Retrospect,'  which  he 
published  later,  was  autobiographical,  and 
dealt  with  his  life  up  to  1873. 

Prof.  Eduard  Zeller,  the  distin- 
guished German  philosopher,  whose  death 
is  reported  from  Stuttgart,  was  born  at 
Kleinbottwar,  a  village  in  Wurtemberg, 
on  January  22nd,  1814.  He  studied 
theology  at  the  seminary  of  Maulbronn, 
and  the  Universities  of  Tubingen  and 
Berlin.  He  settled  at  Tubingen  in  1840 
as  a  university  teacher,  and  was  one  of 
the  founders  of  the  '  Theologische  Jahr- 
biicher,'  wrhich  expressed  the  views  of 
the  modern  critical  school  of  theology. 
In  1847  he  was  appointed  Professor  of 
Theology  at  Berne,  and  later  at  Marbach  ; 
but  the  theologians  who  opposed  his 
views  were  successful  in  obtaining  his- 
transference  to  the  Faculty  of  Philosophy, 
He  went  to  Heidelberg  in  1862  as  Professor 
of  Philosophy,  and  in  1872  received  a 
call  to  Berlin,  where  he  remained  till  his 
retirement  in  1894.  In  Greek  philosophy 
many  of  his  writings  are  standard  works. 
He  wras  the  author  of  '  Geschichte  der 
christlichen  Kirche,'  '  Die  Philosophic  der 
Griechen,'  '  Platonische  Studien,'  '  Grun- 
driss  der  Geschichte  der  griechischen 
Philosophic,'  and  '  Gesobichte  der  deut- 
schen  Philosophic  seit  Leibniz.' 

Recent  Parliamentary  Papers  of  some 
general  interest  are  :  Report  from  the 
Ecclesiastical  Commissioners  for  England, 
with  Appendix  (5|rf.)  ;  Education  Bill, 
Print  of  Enactments  proposed  to  be 
Amended  or  Repealed  (2^d.)  ;  Report  on 
the  Royal  Scottish  Museum.  Edinburgh 
(2d.)  ;  and  Welsh  Eduoal ion  Department . 
Regulations  affecting  the  Recognition, 
by  the  Board  of  Education,  of  Elementary 
Schools  as  Certified  Effioient  Schools  [Id.), 


386 


Til  K     AT  II  KNJKUM 


No.  4196,  ICaboh  28,  II 


SCIENCE 


Scientific  Papers.  Vol.  I.  By  Sir  George 
Howard  Darwin.  (Cambridge,  Uni- 
versity Press.) 

Of  all  workers  in  the  cause  of  science  the 
mathematician  has  fewest  opportunities  to 
appeal  to  the  general  public.  Even 
amongst  men  of  science  the  number  who 
are  likely  to  read  carefully  through  the 
papers  of  the  Plumian  Professor  of  Astro- 
nomy must  be  limited ;  but  it  may 
be  of  some  interest  to  our  readers  to  give  a 
slight  sketch  of  the  scope  of  his  work.  Sir 
George  Darwin  has  made  the  theory  of  the 
figure  of  the  earth  and  the  tides  the 
study  of  his  life,  and  most  of  the  papers  he 
has  published  deal  with  these  subjects. 

The  theory  of  the  tides  is  at  first  glance 
so  simple  that  it  can  be  included  in  every 
elementary  book  on  geography.  It  seems 
obvious  that  the  attraction  of  the  moon 
should  make  the  ocean  bulge  at  the  parts 
of  the  earth  nearest  to  it.  Unfortunately, 
the  water  which  is  required  to  form  the 
bulge  takes  time  to  reach  its  destined  place, 
and  the  moon  cannot  wait  for  it.  The 
equilibrium  theory  of  the  tides  accordingly 
breaks  down,  and  a  dynamical  theory  is 
necessary.  If  we  consider  our  earth  as 
having,  instead  of  the  ocean,  a  single 
canal  of  uniform  depth  round  the  equator, 
and,  instead  of  the  moon  and  sun,  a 
single  attracting  body  in  the  plane  of  the 
equator,  we  have  to  solve  a  problem  of  a 
comparatively  simple  character  in  deter- 
mining the  height  of  the  tide  at  any  place 
at  any  time.  On  the  earth  as  we  know  it 
the  oceans  are  anything  but  uniform  in 
depth  and  simple  in  contour  ;  so  that  the 
complete  deductive  solution  of  the  problem 
is  not  practicable.  On  the  other  hand,  the 
movements  of  the  sun  and  moon  are 
known  with  great  precision,  so  that  the 
periods  of  the  tides  they  raise  can  be 
stated  at  once.  Owing  to  the  departure  of 
their  orbits  from  the  circular  form,  the 
tide  raised  by  each  of  the  heavenly  bodies 
is  regarded  as  the  sum  of  a  number  of 
separate  tides,  each  recurring  after  a 
definite  time.  There  are  about  a  score 
of  these  separate  tides  recognized,  their 
periods  being  as  short  as  half  a  day  or  as 
long  as  a  year.  From  observations  of  the 
height  of  the  water  at  any  particular 
port  at  hourly  intervals  for  a  year  or  two, 
it  is  possible  to  discover  how  each  of  the 
twenty  tides  affects  that  port.  In  this 
way  we  gain  the  power  of  prophesying 
the  time  of  high  water  at  places  where 
observations  have  been  carried  out.  Our 
knowledge  will  not  be  complete  until  each 
of  the  tides  is  traced  throughout  its  course 
round  the  globe. 

The  researches  of  Sir  George  Darwin 
in  this  field  have  been  devoted  in  the  first 
place  to  the  simplification  of  the  process 
of  computing  the  various  tidal  constants 
from  sets  of  observations — a  task  which 
requires  a  combination  of  the  capacity 
for  laborious  work  with  deep  insight  into 
the  meaning  of  the  processes.  In  reduc- 
ing by  half  the  labour  of  computors  Sir 
Oeorge  has  done  a  most  important  service. 


The  fact  that  the  attraction  winch  the 
moon  exerts  on  t  lie  ocean  produces  inch 
a  large  displacement  of  water  every  day 
suggests  that  the  attraction  which  the 
moon  exerts  at  any  plsos  on  the  earth 
should  be  capable  of  direct  measurement. 
The  force  to  be  measured  in  this  way  is, 
however,  exceedingly  small.  The  attrac- 
tion to  the  moon  of  a  mass  of  one  gram 
on  the  earth  is  about  4  x  10-"  grams,  so 
that  if  we  could  hang  up  a  pendulum  bob 
by  a  wire  100  kilometres  long,  it  would 
be  drawn  from  4  millimetres  on  one  side 
of  the  vertical  to  4  millimetres  on  the 
other  side  between  moonrise  and  moonset. 
To  measure  a  change  of  direction  like 
this  is  not  beyond  the  powers  of  observers, 
and  Sir  George  Darwin  and  his  brother 
have  devoted  much  ingenuity  to  the  con- 
struction of  apparatus.  The  conclusion  to 
which  they  have  been  forced  is  that  the 
number  of  influences  which  affect  the  direc- 
tion of  the  plumb  fine  at  any  point  is  too 
great  for  their  separate  identification.  The 
solid  earth  yields  to  the  weight  of  the  tides  ; 
it  is  itself  strained  by  the  lunar  attraction  ; 
and  there  are  also  changes  due  to  the 
varying  pressure  of  the  air  and  the 
rainfall  on  its  surface.  These  effects 
are  so  great  in  the  aggregate  that  their 
influence  can  be  detected  in  astronomical 
work,  and  Sir  George  considers  that  every 
astronomical  observatory  should  make 
special  provision  for  tracing  the  changes 
in  the  local  vertical,  and  correct  all  its 
observations  of  zenith  distance  accord- 
ingly. 

The  papers  reproduced  in  this  first 
instalment  of  Sir  George  Darwin's  collected 
work  refer  to  these  two  subjects — tides 
and  the  lunar  disturbance  of  gravity. 
Three  more  volumes  will  be  published  in 
due  course. 


The  Principles  of  Electric  Wave  Tele- 
graphy. By  Prof.  J.  A.  Fleming.  (Long- 
mans &  Co.) 

This  is  certainly  the  most  exhaustive 
treatise  in  regard  to  the  new  science 
founded  on  Heinrich  Hertz's  experimental 
investigations.  The  title,  however,  is  not 
specially  happy  ;  for  the  term  "  electric 
wave  "  telegraphy  is  applicable  to  every 
form  of  electro-telegraphy. 

Hertz's  researches  revealed  the  fact 
that  if  an  induction  coil,  or  influence 
machine,  be  used  to  excite  an  oscillator, 
as  designed  by  the  experimenter,  sparks 
occur,  each  spark  setting  up  a  wave  in  the 
space  around  it.  The  waves  so  set  up 
are  accordingly  known  as  Hertzian  Avaves. 
It  was  soon  recognized  by  Sir  Oliver  Lodge, 
Dr.  E.  Branly,  Mr.  Marconi,  and  others 
that,  by  continuity  of  action,  continuity  of 
effect  could  be  attained.  They  also  fore- 
saw that  if  these  waves  could  be  collected 
in  a  convenient  form,  they  might  be 
turned  to  practical  account  for  signalling, 
as  electric  impulses  are  through  a  con- 
ducting wire.  But  though  the  waves 
could  be  collected,  it  was  found  that  they 
would  not  influence  any  ordinary  tele- 
graphic apparatus  in  a  trustworthy  and 
practical  manner.  Dr.  Branly,  however, 
introduced  a  highly  sensitive  instrument 


which  was  thoroughly  capahle  of  detecting 
the  waves,  and  which  served  as  a  relay  to 
a  battery  circuit  for  affecting  the  instru- 
ment on  which  the  signals  could  be  taken. 
Dr.  Branly's  invention,  called  the  "  co- 
herer"— afterwards  improved  by  Mr.  Mar- 
coni as  well  as  Sir  Oliver  Lodge — nonsJntfid 
of  a  small  glass  tube  containing  metallic 
filings  which  cohered  under  the  influence 
of  electric  waves,  and  so  completed  the 
circuit  of  a  local  battery.  It  was  found 
that  the  coherer  gave  trouble,  owing  to 
the  filings  tending  to  remain  "  cohered  ": 
a  "  decohering  "  device  followed,  accord- 
ingly, for  restoring  the  filings  to  their 
original  state  between  successive  impulses. 
Mr.  Marconi's  business  capacity  and 
skill  as  an  experimenter  soon  revealed 
themselves  in  connexion  with  the  gradual 
development  of  wireless  telegraphy.  A 
striking  feature  in  his  character  is  ability 
to  perceive  quickly  the  useful  parts  of 
other  people's  conceptions,  and  push 
them  rapidly  forward  to  a  practical  con- 
clusion. Hence,  in  1902,  Mr.  Marconi 
adopted  at  the  receiving  end  of  his  system 
what  is  known  as  the  magnetic  detector, 
based  on  Prof.  Rutherford's  Cambridge 
researches  of  seven  years  previously. 
It  does  not  require  any  device  for  de- 
coherence,  neither  does  it  so  easily  fall  out 
of  adjustment  as  the  coherer.  It  is,  there- 
fore, more  trustworthy,  and  is  employed 
by  Mr.  Marconi  for  most  of  his  long-range 
work. 

Unfortunately,  throughout  this  other- 
wise admirable  book,  Prof.  Fleming  reveals 
partiality  for  inventions  belonging  to  the 
company  he  advises.  A  fairly  correct  state- 
ment of  dates  and  particulars  enables 
the  reader,  however,  to  form  his  own 
conclusions.  Prof.  Fleming's  special 
contention  appears  to  be  that  the 
invention  which  rendered  wireless  tele- 
graphy practicable  was  the  connexion 
of  one  end  of  a  Hertzian  wave  -  oscil- 
lator to  earth,  and  the  other  end  to  an 
insulated  elevated  plate.  The  Hertz 
oscillator  was  exercised  before  Mr.  Mar- 
coni's first  patent  of  1896 ;  and  what 
Mr.  Marconi  did  —  with  a  view  to  in- 
creasing the  effective  range  —  was  to 
substitute  the  earth  for  one  end  of  the 
two  conductors,  or  branches,  of  the 
oscillator,  converting  the  other  half  into 
an  elevated  plate  carried  on  a  long  wire. 
He  did  not,  in  the  ordinary  sense,  connect 
one  of  the  branches  of  the  oscillator  to 
earth,  as  suggested  by  our  author ; 
neither  did  he  connect  the  other  branch 
to  an  elevated  conductor,  for  the  elevated 
conductor  itself  constitutes  one  of  the 
branches  of  a  Hertz  oscillator,  and  a 
sphere  connected  to  earth  virtually 
becomes  "  earth  "  in  electrical  parlance. 
But  this  claim  that  Mr.  Marconi  in- 
vented the  earthed  oscillator  is  unsuit- 
able on  the  score  of  precedence  ;  for  the 
same  plan  had  already  been  adopted 
in  various  ways  by  Prof.  Popoff,  Prof. 
Dolbear,  and  Mr.  Nikola  Tesla.  That 
Prof.  Fleming  claims  that,  in  using 
the  earth,  Mr.  Marconi  produced  some- 
thing fundamentally  different  is  evident 
from  his  contention  (p.  345)  that  "  the 
earthed     oscillator    creates    a    different 


No.  4196,  March  28,  1908 


THE    ATHENAEUM 


387 


type  of  electric  wave  "  from  that  used  by 
Hertz  ;  and  though,  on  p.  351,  the  author, 
in  effect,  admits  that  the  waves  round  a 
Marconi  "  aerial "  are  simply  the  top 
half  of  the  Hertz  wave,  he  continually 
harps  on  the  theme  that  "  a  good  earth 
connection  is  absolutely  essential "  (see 
pp.  348  and  349)  in  successful  wireless 
telegraphy,  and  that  Mr.  Marconi  dis- 
covered its  use. 

Let  us  now  take  a  few  of  the  more 
striking    examples    of    this    contention. 
On  p.  193  Dr.  Fleming  says  :    "  Marconi 
made   telegraphy  without  wires  possible 
by  his  invention  of  the  earthed  radiator  "  ; 
and  then,  by  way  of  description  of  this 
invention,    the    next    paragraph    starts : 
"  A  vertical  insulated  wire  has  a  spark 
ball  at  the  lower  end,  which  is  placed  in 
apposition  to  another  spark  ball  connected 
to  the  earth  ";     and  the  rest  of  the  page 
is  mainly  devoted  to  impressing  on  the 
reader  the  value  of  connexion  with  earth. 
The    same   remark   applies    to    the   next 
page  ;    and  on  that  which  follows  there 
is  a  reference  to  "  a  vertical  earthed  oscil- 
lator or  Marconi  aerial  wire."     Then,  on 
p.  270,  we  read  :    "  Tins  wire  is  called  an 
aerial     wire,     or    antenna,     or    Marconi 
aerial,    and   is    the   essential    element   in 
telegraphy    by    waves    on    the    Marconi 
system."     Two  pages  further  on  (as  well 
as  on  p.  600)  we  have  a  reference  to  the 
waves   being    "  pumped   into,    or   sucked 
out  of,  the  earth  "  ;    and  in  the  course  of 
the    next    half-dozen    pages    there    are 
frequent  similar  references,  as  also  through- 
out pp.   346-9.     Then  at  the  bottom  of 
p.  598  we  read  :    "  The  earth  plate  should 
be  put  in  with  all  the  precautions  used 
in    the    case    of    a    lightning-conductor 
earth  "  ;    and  two  pages  earlier  :    "  Mar- 
coni's fundamental  discovery  was,   how- 
ever, the  vast  difference  which  is  created 
by  employing  linear  antennae  perpendicular 
to  the  surface  of  the  earth,  one  of  the  pair 
being,  so  to  speak,  buried  in  it."     Since 
Dr.   Fleming  states  that   "the  essential 
feature  of  Marconi's  system  is  the  vertical 
linear  antenna  well  earthed  at  the  base," 
it    is    strange    that   no   mention    of   this 
"  fundamental    discovery "    is    made    in 
any   of   Mr.    Marconi's   patents,    wherein 
he  merely  lays  claim  to  receiving  with  an 
"  earthed  "  coherer  only  when  the  trans- 
mitter is  also  earthed.     There  is  no  claim 
for  an    "  unearthed "    transmitter  or  an 
"  unearthed  "  receiver.     Moreover,  figs.  1 
and  2  in  Mr.  Marconi's  first  patent  show 
no    earthed    connexion,    neither    is    this 
covered  in  his  claims. 

On  p.  345,  after  stating  that  Hertz 
did  not  "  earth  "  his  oscillator  and  that 
Mr.  Marconi  has  created  "  a  different 
type  of  electric  wave,"  Dr.  Fleming 
remarks  :  Even  after  years  of  experi- 
ence of  the  importance  of  this  improve- 
ment, we  are  far  from  having  ascertained 
why  it  is  such  an  improvement."  It  may, 
however,  be  suitably  suggested  at  this 
Btage  that  the  earthing  of  the  Hertzian 
Oioulator  is  mainly  insisted  on  with  a 
view  to  making  good  Mr.  Marconi's  claim 
for  a  fundamental  discovery  distinct  from 
the  prior  work  of  Sir  Oliver  Lodge  and 
others. 


For  working  between  ship  and  ship  (or 
wherever  a  wet  "  earth  "  is  obtainable),  and 
where  syntony  is  not  a  paramount  con- 
sideration, connexion  with  earth  has  cer- 
tainly the  advantage  of  convenience.    This 
method  should  also  be  fairly  satisfactory 
where  the  metallic  hull  of  the  ship  rests 
on  the  sea  ;   for  here  it  is  really  the  sea's 
surface    that    is    acting    as    a    conductor 
between  the  transmitter  and  the  receiver, 
besides  which  the  virtual  height  of  the 
antenna  is  doubled  thereby.     The  same 
comment    also    applies,    in    a    somewhat 
less  degree,  in  the  instance  of  a  river  or 
definitely  wet  soil.     Again,  for  any  long- 
range  work  certain  advantages  are  gained 
by    contact   with    earth.       The    receiver 
then  picks  up  with  almost  equal  facility 
waves  of  any  frequency,  since  it  is  nearly 
equally   sensitive  to   them  all.      On    the 
other   hand,    when  the   receiver  is  sepa- 
rated by  a  considerable  distance  from  the 
ground,   it   is  immensely  more   sensitive 
to  the  particular  frequency  to  which   it 
is  adjusted;    moreover,   its   sensitiveness 
may  be  so  adjusted  that  it  will  readily 
respond  to  signals  of  a  frequency  within 
5  per  cent,  of  its  own  value,  and  to  none 
at  all  outside  that  range.     By  the  latter 
method,  then,    a  much  closer  degree   of 
tuning    being    attained,    a     syntonic,    or 
selective,     system    becomes    practicable. 
Apart  from  other  advantages  attained  by 
a  closely  tuned  syntonic  system,  it  enables 
stations  to  be  placed  much  closer  to  one 
another  without  fear  of  disturbance  than 
is  possible  where  the  tuning  capabilities 
are  of  a  restricted  nature.    An  objection  to 
the  use  of  the  earth  at  sea  is  that  a  higher 
power  is  thereby  involved,  whereas  on  board 
ship  prevailing  conditions  usually  require 
a  lower  power.     Moreover,  an  absolutely 
trustworthy    "  earth "   is   not   an   article 
that  is  readily  found  on  shore  ;    for  here, 
as  often  as  not,  we  have  to  deal  with  dry 
ground — possibly  dry  sand — of  high  elec- 
trical resistance  ;   and,  on  the  other  hand, 
a   mere   shower   of   rain   is   sufficient   to 
convert  the  ground  suddenly  into  a  fairly 
good  conductor.     Then,  again,  absorption 
and    general    electrical    disturbance    by 
the  earth,  as  well  as  by  the  atmosphere, 
always  tend  to  proceed  under  these  con- 
ditions.    Further,     the    electrical    resist- 
ance of  the  "  earth  "  around  the  station 
drags    at    and    damps    the    waves.     The 
variability  here  implied  is  prejudicial  to 
the  maintenance  of  satisfactory  "  tuning," 
which    is    essential   for   the   purposes    of 
avoiding    disturbance    to   other   stations, 
or  at  the  hands  of  those  stations  :  indeed, 
to  obtain  accurate  tuning  with  an  earthed 
"  aerial  "  must  always  be  difficult,  even 
in  skilled  hands,  if  only  owing  to  atmo- 
spheric    disturbances.     It    seems    clear, 
therefore,    that    those    systems    that    do 
not    involve    connexion    with    the    earth 
are,  at  any  rate,  more  suitable  for  land 
purposes,    especially    where    a    dry    soil 
exists  ;    and  for  purposes  of  syntony,  an 
earth  connexion,  whilst  it  interferes  with 
proper  spacing  between  the  waves,  intro- 
duces serious  difficult ies  to  close  tuning. 
A  radiator  that  emits  a  more  or  less  con- 
tinuous   train    of    waves    is    an    absolute 
necessity  for  efficient  syntony  and  selec- 


tivity ;  and  consequently — apart  from 
the  increased  speed  thereby  attained — 
the  more  or  less  persistent-wave  system 
is  what  is  required  both  for  ship-to-shore 
and  naval  work  ;  and  instrument  designs 
should  be  amended  accordingly,  where 
necessary.  If  there  exists  a  difficulty  herer 
there  would  be  no  very  serious  expense 
attached  to  the  replacement  of  spark- wave 
receiving  apparatus  by  continuous-wave 
apparatus.  The  cost  of  apparatus  of  the 
sort  is  a  minor  point  in  such  a  matter. 

The  first  suggestion  of  syntonized  wire- 
less telegraphy  was  that  embodied  in  Sir 
Oliver  Lodge's  patent  of  1897.  Sir  Oliver's 
invention  is  based  on  the  result  of  his 
own  scientific  researches — in  syntonic 
jars,  &c.  ;  and  it  was  the  introduction  of 
syntony  by  him  that  made  Hertzian- wave 
telegraphy  the  success  it  now  is. 

In  Hertzian-wave  telegraphy  of  the 
intermittent-spark  variety  distance  is 
virtually  a  question  of  big  wave  amplitude 
— i.e.,  high  power  and  long  wave-length. 
The  greater  the  length  of  spark — i.e.,  the 
greater  the  energy — the  larger  the  ampli- 
tude. This  result  is  assisted  by  the  high, 
earthed  aerial,  which  by  securing  a  slow 
oscillating  period  (long  wave-length)  is 
suitable  for  overcoming  obstacles  to  long- 
distance working.  Unfortunately,  how- 
ever, though  a  large  amplitude  more 
readily  starts  the  receiving  instrument,  as 
this  amplitude  is  the  result  of  a  large  spark, 
the  working  speed  is  likely  to  be  com- 
paratively slow  in  the  end,  on  account  of 
the  time  taken  in  the  intervals  of  the 
transmission  of  fresh  energy  for  sub- 
sequent waves.  Thus  it  was  the  oscilla- 
tion transformer,  or  "  jigger,"  which 
rendered  possible  the  considerable  ranges 
that  have  lately  been  achieved. 

Apart  from  the  objections  that  we  have 
thought  it  advisable  to  indicate,  the  book, 
as  a  whole,  is  well  worthy  of  the  distin- 
guished author. 


The  Romance  of  Steel  :  the  Story  of  a 
Thousand  Millionaires.  By  Herbert  N. 
Casson.  (E.  Grant  Richards.) — Although 
steel  may  not  seem  to  be  a  romantic  subject, 
this  book  is  well  named,  for  the  history 
of  the  invention  and  manufacture  of  the 
metal,  and  the  adventures  and  experiences 
of  those  who  have  made  vast  fortunes  out 
of  it,  as  written  by  Mr.  Casson,  are  as  romantic 
as  one  of  Scott's  novels.  The  feminine 
element  is  not  wholly  wanting,  for  wo  aro 
told  of  one  lady  "  ironmaster,"  though 
almost  the  only  other  woman  montioned 
in  the  book  is  Queen  Ajine,  who  invested 
money  on  ironworks  in  Virginia.  Mr. 
Casson's  style  is  fluent  and  agreeable,  and 
His  book  is  almost  entirely  free  from  the 
orrors  met  with  frequently  in  works  of  this 
class  ;  but  it  is  written  by  an  American 
for  American  readers,  and  is  designed  as  a 
"popular"  account  of  the  industry.  So 
the  various  comparisons  with  American 
tiguras  and  institutions  convey  little  to 
English  readers,  and  they  will  find  it  neces- 
sary to  innko  allowance  for  t ho  somewhat 
oxtravagant  language  which  the  author's 
onthusiasm  leads  him  to  employ. 

Tho  most  Conspicuous  Bgure  in  the  earlier 
part  of  the  book  is  Mr.  Andrew  Carnegie, 
who  is  probably  bes1  known  tO  Knglishinon 
as  the  giver  of  free  libraries.  Mr.  Casson's 
account    of   how   tho  boy   who  once  stoked 


Til  K     A  TH  KXJEUM 


No. 4196,  March  28,  11 


a  small  fuRUMM  in  a  c<  A I on-mill  became 
P06s<>.-M  (I  of  a  "pension"  i'l  1  .'{.'MM  l.l  Mill 
(l..llais    a    \  ear    is    M    <<x«it  iii^,'    as    many    an 

imaginary  tale  of  adventure,     oilier  names 

familiar  On    (his    sido    of    the    Atluntic    am 

Pierpont  Morgan,  Rockefeller,  Bohwab, 
Vanderbilt,  and  Yerkes ;    but  their  reoorda 

■TC  chiefly  of  "big  deals"  and  financial 
operational  and  the  most  interesting  charac- 
ters in  the  book  are  such  men  as  Capt. 
*"  Hill  "  Jones  and  the  soven  Merritts. 

Of  the  formor  we  read  that  during  the 
Civil  War  his  regiment  came  to  a  rivor 
which  had  to  be  crossed  by  a  pontoon 
bridge.  "  Hanged  if  I  '11  wait  for  a  bridge," 
shouted  Jonas,  plunging  head  first  into  the 
muddy  water,  which  proved  to  be  only  a 
couple  of  feet  deep,  so  that  his  nose  suffered 
soverely.  This  impetuosity  was  charac- 
teristic of  the  man,  but  he  had  the  gift  of 
imparting  his  energy  to  others  ;  and  although 
in  after  life,  when  he  was  manager  of  some 
ironworks,  he  would  often  stop  work  and 
take  his  men  to  a  baseball  match  or  horse- 
race, his  employer  was  too  wise  to  object, 
for  he  knew  that  Jones  could  get  more  out 
of  the  men  than  any  other  "boss"  in  the 
business. 

The  story  of  the  Merritts  is  the  most 
romantic  in  the  book.  The  first  Merritt 
found  iron  ore  when  looking  for  gold,  and 
showed  it  to  his  four  sons,  telling  them  of  the 
unexplored  range,  which  he  believed  to  be 
rich  in  mineral  wealth.  The  boys  followed 
their  father's  occupation  as  woodsmen  for 
some  twenty  years,  when  they  were  able 
to  retire  from  the  timber  trade.  They  were 
joined  by  three  nephews,  and  the  seven 
spent  several  years  in  surveying  and  mapping 
the  entire  length  of  the  Mesaba  range  : — 

"All  supplies  had  to  be  carried  from  eighty  to 
a  hundred  and  fifty  miles  upon  their  backs.  If 
hardships  be  the  price  of  success,  the  Merritts  paid 
it  in  full.  Many  a  time  their  hunger-belts  were 
pulled  to  the  last  hole." 

At  length,  convinced  that  their  father's 
surmise  was  correct,  they  invited  others  to 
join  them,  but  people  said,  "what  do  these 
Merritt  farmers  know  about  mineral  de- 
posits ?  One  lesson  in  geology  would  teach 
them  that  there  can  be  no  iron  in  Mesaba." 
Such  was  their  reception,  but  by  dint  of 
perseverance  a  fifty-mile  railway  was  built, 
docks  were  constructed,  and  mines  were 
opened,  and  the  Merritts  found  themselves 
the  principal  owners  of  a  property  worth 
many  millions  of  dollars.  Then  came  the 
financial  crisis  of  1893.  The  Merritts  had 
launched  out  too  freely,  they  could  not  meet 
their  obligations,  and  they  lost  all.  Thirteen 
million  tons  of  iron  ore  come  down  the  Great 
Lakes  every  year  from  the  deposits  dis- 
covered by  the  Merritts,  and  already  these 
mines  havo  added  a  quarter  of  a  billion 
dollars  to  the  wealth  of  the  United  States. 
We  read  how  the  ore  is  conveyed  in  steamers 
fifteen  times  larger  than  the  schooner 
in  which  the  Carnegie  family  emigrated 
to  America,  how  it  is  unloaded  by  a  machine 
which  takes  the  place  of  ninety  men  with 
shovels,  and  how  18,000  railway  trucks 
are  in  constant  use  in  the  Lake  Superior 
district  alone.  But  we  have  not  space 
to  follow  the  subject  further. 

Mr.  Casson  lets  us  into  some  of  the  secrets 
of  Mr.  Carnegie's  success.  Like  Nelson, 
he  knew  when  to  disregard  orders.  When 
he  was  a  telegraph-message  boy,  and,  as 
such,  was  forbidden  to  "  receive  "  a  message 
from  the  wire,  he  took  the  place  of  an  absent 
operator  and  received  a  message  correctly. 
For  this  act  of  disobedience  he  was  promoted 
to  be  an  operator.  At  another  time,  when 
he  was  a  telegraphic  operator  on  the  Penn- 
sylvania Railroad,  an  accident  was  reported 
on  the  line  in  his  chief's  absence.     He  did 


not  wait  for  order.-,  bul  "  with  a  dozen   tele 

grama,  each  signed  Thomas   a.   Scott,  bs 

Hot  tho  truiiiH  u  motion  and  prevented  a 
costly  blockade."  Tho  result  of  this  was 
that  ho  became  Scott's  private  secretary, 
and  by  tho  time  ho  was  twenty-nine  years 
of  ago  ho  was  able  to  pay  '.1,000  dollars  for 
an  interest  in  tho  Iron  City  Forge  Company, 
which  had  its  days  of  trial  ;  but  tho  "  boom" 
in  railway  building  arrived,  and  Carnegie's 
friendship  with  railway  men  was  a  valuablo 
asset.  Ho  was  not  a  practical  maker  of 
iron  and  steel,  but  "  seldom  has  there  been 
an  abler  '  drummer '  "  (commercial  tra- 
veller). 

During  a  visit  to  England  Mr.  Carnegie 
saw  for  the  first  time  a  "  Bessemer  converter," 
and  was  himself  converted  to  the  importance 
of  Bessemer's  invention  (for  which,  by  the 
way,  Mr.  Casson  claims  priority  on  behalf 
of  William  Kelly).  Hurrying  home  to  Pitts- 
burg, he  formed  a  company  to  make  steel 
by  Bessemer's  process,  and  in  the  first 
twelve  months  the  concern  realized  a  profit 
of  2,000,000  dollars  !  Carnegie's  was  not, 
however,  the  only  steel  company  in  tho 
United  States.  Competition  was  keen,  and 
the  fight  for  supremacy  makes  an  exciting 
story. 

We  have  not  space  to  quote  the  description 
of  the  making  of  a  railway  rail,  the  story 
of  Boerntrager's  wife,  the  wonders  of  natural 
gas,  the  lasson  learnt  in  China  (which  our 
manufacturers  would  do  well  to  take  to 
heart),  and  many  other  interesting  features 
of  this  entertaining  book  :  it  is  not  so  long 
as  it  looks,  for  the  370  pages  of  text  are 
"  bumped  out  "  by  64  full  -  page  portraits, 
which  were  doubtless  a  necessary  part  of 
the  serial  publication  of  the  work  in  an 
American  magazine,  of  which,  by  the  way, 
no  mention  is  made  in  the  volume.  The 
misquotation  "  grip  him  with  hooks  of  steel  " 
should  not  have  passed  both  the  American 
and  the  English  publishers.  There  is  an 
index,  but  it  is  not  so  full  as  it  should  have 
been. 

In  Darwinism  To-day  (Bell  &  Sons)  Prof. 
V.  L.  Kellogg  has  provided  students  of 
Darwinism — friends  and  foes  alike — with 
a  comprehensive,  useful,  and  interesting 
textbook.  Two  chapters  only  are  devoted 
entirely  to  Darwinism.  Chap.  ii.  gives 
us  its  definition,  and  chap.  xii.  its  present 
position  in  biology.  The  author  ably  leads 
us  through  a  complicated  maze  of  theories, 
in  part  opposed  to,  in  part  in  favour  of, 
and  in  part  alternative  to  Darwin's  theory 
of  natural  selection.  By  Darwinism  he 
means  simply  the  function  of  natural  selec- 
tion, and  not  the  actual  beginning  of  a  new 
variety  or  species  of  plant  or  animal.  What- 
ever may  be  the  ultimate  course  of  any  new 
modification  of  an  existing  type,  such  a 
modification  will  only  become  permanent 
if  it  represents  an  adaptation,  that  is  to  say, 
something  useful,  or  at  least  not  harmful. 
If  it  is  not  of  the  nature  of  an  adaptation, 
selection  will  ultimately  bar  the  way  to 
its  further  development  and  establishment. 
The  author  thus  limits  the  meaning  of 
Darwinism  to  natural  selection.  Darwinism 
is  not  so  much  the  cause  of  the  formation 
of  new  species  as  the  process  by  which 
adaptive  forms  are  selected  and  fixed. 
About  the  truth  of  this  theory  there  should 
not  be  any  difference  of  opinion  among 
biologists. 

Darwin  held  that  new  species  arose  by  a 
slow,  gradual  variation.  De  Vries  holds 
that  they  arise  by  sudden  mutations,  and 
cases  can  be  quoted  in  support  of  his 
theory.  He  has  observed  the  formation 
of  what  he  calls  new  species  from  ono 
parent-plant  which  is  generally  recognizod 
as  a  distinct  species.  But  he  himself  has 
to    give    a    double    definition    to    the   word 


ecies"  as  a  preliminary  to  propounding 

his  theory,     it  i«  ntill  u  moot  pomt  whether 

\  >>      \i  eioH-by-inutatioii     are     not, 

in  part  at  least,  variations  in  Darwin's 
The  author,  bowever,  is  hopeful 
enough  to  believe  that  the  question  as  to 
the  origin  of  new  species  will  some  day 
be  settled.  He  still  wants  more  facts  and 
more  observations.  When  these  have  been 
brought  together,  biologists  may  be  ablo 
to  come  to  some  definite  understanding 
with  regard  to  the  beginning  of  modifica- 
tions, adaptive  or  otherwise.  We  are  at 
present  in  the  dark  as  to  how  any  organism 
receives  the  stimulus  which  induces  a  new 
modification,  and  as  to  the  nature  of  this 
stimulus. 

Technical  Thermodynamics.  By  Dr.  Gus- 
tav  Zeuner.  Translated  by  J.  F.  Klein. 
2  vols.  (Constable  &  Co.) — Dr.  Zeuner' b 
'  Grundziige  der  mechanischen  Warme- 
theorie '  is  so  well  known  and  highly 
esteemed  that  to  the  student  of  thermody- 
namics it  requires  no  word  of  recommenda- 
tion. The  work  is  perhaps  less  familiar 
to  English  than  to  continental  readers,  and 
this  may  no  doubt  be  in  some  measure 
ascribed  to  the  fact  that  till  recently  no 
edition  had  appeared  in  English,  although 
it  is  now  nearly  fifty  years  since  the  publica- 
tion of  the  original  German.  It  was  in  1859 
that  Dr.  Zeuner  first  collected  the  results 
of  his  own  investigations  and  those  of  certain 
other  authors  into  a  small  volume  which 
formed  the  nucleus  of  the  four  subsequent 
editions,  the  last  of  which  appeared  in  Ger- 
man some  five  years  ago  as  two  bulky 
volumes,  presenting  perhaps  more  fully 
than  any  other  work  on  thermodynamics 
the  development  of  modern  views  on  the 
subject. 

The  first  volume  is  written  in  two  sections, 
which  are  of  interest  both  to  the  pure 
physicist  and  to  the  engineer.  The  first 
section  is  devoted  to  a  consideration  of  the 
fundamental  laws  of  thermodynamics,  which 
are  developed  according  to  the  well-known 
methods  of  Dr.  Zeuner  ;  and  the  second 
deals  with  the  theory  of  matter  in 
the  gaseous  state.  In  the  first  part  of 
the  latter  section,  which  is  purely  physical, 
the  treatment  of  the  laws  of  efflux  of  gases 
through  orifices  is  of  particular  interest 
on  account  of  the  large  contribution  which 
the  author  himself  has  made  to  our  know- 
ledge of  the  subject.  He  has,  however, 
recorded  the  results  not  only  of  his  own  in- 
vestigations, but  also  of  those  of  other 
workers  in  this  field,  with  generosity  and 
completeness.  The  second  portion  of  this 
section  deals  with  the  study  of  hot-air, 
cold-air,  and  internal-combustion  engines. 
The  second  volume,  on  the  theory  of  vapours, 
is  almost  entirely  devoted  to  technical  appli- 
cations, and  deals  chiefly  with  the  properties 
of  steam,  although  other  vapours  are  also 
considered. 

The  translation  is  on  the  whole  clear  and 
accurate,  but  suffers  from  one  defect. 
It  is  necessary  to  go  no  further  than  the 
Preface  to  discover  that  the  work  is  a  render- 
ing from  the  German.  The  sentences  are 
often  German  in  construction,  and  the 
frequent  use  of  compound  words  leaves  no 
doubt  as  to  their  origin.  Tho  fault  is  palp- 
ablo  tliroughout,  rendering  the  text  clumsy 
and  troublesome  to  read  even  when  the 
moaning  is  clear. 


CHEMISTRY  AND  PHYSICS. 
A  Textbook  of  Organic  Chemistry.  By 
Dr.  A.  F.  Holleman.  Translated  by  A. 
Jamieson  Walker,  assisted  by  Owen  E. 
Mott.  (Chapman  &  Hall.) — Organic  Che- 
mistry for  Advanced  Students.  By  Julius  B. 
Cohen.     (Arnold.) — Most  of  the  substances 


No.  4196,  March  28,  1908 


THE    ATHEN^UM 


389 


occurring  in  plants  and  animals  come  within 
the  scope  of  organic  chemistry  ;  at  one  time 
indeed  it  was,  as  its  name  implies,  always 
associated  with  life.  It  has  now  extended 
its  borders,  and  includes  an  enormous 
number  of  substances  having  no  connexion 
with  life  ;  the  name  "  organic  "  is  therefore 
of  historic  significance  only,  and  is  retained 
simply  as  a  matter  of  convenience. 

One  of  the  most  striking  features  of  organic 
compounds  is  the  ease  with  which  they  can 
be  converted  into  new  substances  by  intro- 
ducing various  groups  of  atoms.  Each  of 
these  then  becomes  a  fresh  starting-point ; 
by  a  repetition  of  the  original  processes 
another  lot  of  derivatives  can  be  obtained, 
and  so  on  indefinitely.  When  the  laws 
governing  the  processes  have  been  ascer- 
tained, it  becomes  possible  to  predict 
methods  of  preparing  new  compounds  with 
almost  mathematical  certainty.  Organic 
chemistry  is  thus  a  well-ordered  subject,  and 
can  be  made  to  afford  a  good  mental  train- 
ing to  the  student. 

Regarded  from  this  standpoint,  Dr.  Holle- 
man's  book  is  eminently  satisfactory.  The 
general  laws  of  the  subject  are  clearly  set 
forth,  and  illustrated  by  a  number  of  typical 
cases  ;  the  student  gets  the  fundamental 
principles  without  being  overwhelmed  by 
detail.  At  the  same  time  the  author  bears 
in  mind  the  fact  that  many  chemical  students 
are  training  for  commercial  work,  and  he 
gives  prominence  to  such  important  tech- 
nical processes  as  the  preparation  of  alcohol, 
acetic  acid,  &c,  besides  dealing  with  new 
electrolytic  methods. 

A  valuable  feature  of  the  book  Is  that  the 
author  takes  every  opportunity  of  pointing 
out  the  relationships  between  organic, 
inorganic,  and  physical  chemistry.  This 
will  help  to  correct  a  pernicious  mental  habit, 
to  which  the  modern  student  is  particularly 
liable,  of  regarding  his  separate  subjects 
as  distinct  and  disconnected.  In  these  days 
of  intense  specialization  one  man  can  no 
longer  lecture  on  the  whole  of  chemistry  : 
it  has  to  bo  divided  among  several  lecturers, 
each  taking  one  particular  branch.  The 
student  rarely  finds  the  connecting  links, 
he  fails  to  get  the  broad  view,  and  it  is  not 
uncommon  to  find  him  holding  two  or  more 
sets  of  mutually  inconsistent  opinions  on 
the  same  subject. 

The  translation  has  been  well  done,  and 
Dr.  Holleman's  book  can  be  confidently 
recommended  to  elementary  students  ;  it 
forms  a  fitting  companion  to  the  author's 
'  Inorganic  Chemistry,'  which  is  already 
favourably  known  both  here  and  in  America. 

Prof.  Cohen's  book  is  intended  for  ad- 
vanced students,  and  strikes  out  an  entirely 
new  lino.  When  a  student  has  acquired 
a  knowledge  of  the  general  laws  of  the  sub- 
ject and  is  acquainted  with  the  common 
substances,  what  advanced  course  should 
he  pursue  ?  To  learn  the  preparation  and 
properties  of  every  known  substance  would 
be  as  futilo  as  for  a  mathematical  student 
to  learn  every  problem  that  tho  mathe- 
matical masters  havo  dovised.  It  would  also 
bo  impossible  ;  each  year  several  thousand 
memoirs  on  organic  chemistry  are  published. 
More  than  130,000  organic  compounds  havo 
already  been  described,  and  the  number 
increases  at  an  enormous  rate. 

Prof.  Cohen  makes  no  attempt  to  deal 
with  this  mass  of  compounds.  Instead, 
he  confines  lumsolf  to  certain  Ideas,  or 
certain  groups  of  compounds,  which  havo 
been  investigated  by  tho  masters  of  tho 
<  mrico,  and  presonts  tho  student  with 
a  full  account  of  their  work.  Tho  first 
chaptor  givos  an  oxcollont  summary  of  the 
history  of  organic  chemistry  from  1  K.'52, 
when  Liobig  and  Wohlor  published  their 
classical    memoir  on   tho  radical   of   bonzoic 


acid,  down  to  the  introduction  by  Kekute 
and  Couper  in  1858  of  the  present  structural 
formula?.  He  next  passes  on  to  isomerism 
and  stereo-isomerism,  always  keeping  the 
main  principles  to  the  front,  and  subordinat- 
ing the  mass  of  detail  ;  full  references, 
however,  are  supplied  to  original  papers, 
so  that  a  student  who  wants  details  will 
know  where  to  find  them.  Then  follows 
a  chapter  dealing  with  the  recent  synthetical 
methods  for  making  the  new  types  of  com- 
pounds that  have  called  into  existence  the 
modern  theories  of  organic  chemistry.  Sub- 
sequent chapters  are  devoted  to  a  description 
of  certain  classical  syntheses. 

The  sugars  are  first  considered.  About 
seventy  different  sugars  are  known ;  they  may 
in  a  general  kind  of  way  be  referred  to  several 
groups,  but  the  differences  between  them 
are  so  small  that  the  whole  subject  was  more 
or  less  chaotic  till  Herr  Emil  Fischer  carried 
out  his  masterly  investigations  during  the 
years  1890  to  1894.  Herr  Fischer  succeeded 
in  building  up  several  of  the  sugars  from 
simple  substances,  in  showing  how  the  atoms 
are  arranged  in  the  sugar  molecule,  and  in 
correlating  the  properties  of  the  sugars  with 
their  chemical  constitutions  ;  the  whole 
group,  in  fact,  was  reduced  to  an  orderly 
system.  This  is  perhaps  the  finest  piece  of 
synthetical  work  that  has  yet  been  carried 
out,  and  Prof.  Cohen  does  well  to  devote 
to  it  an  entire  chapter. 

The  difficult  group  of  proteins,  on  which 
Herr  Fischer  is  at  present  occupied,  forms 
the  subject  of  another  chapter.  The  problem 
is  being  attacked  from  both  ends  :  one 
method  is  to  decompose  the  proteins,  and 
then  to  investigate  the  products ;  the  other 
is  to  build  up  simple  substances  into  the  so- 
called  "  polypeptides  " — compounds  known 
to  occur  among  the  decomposition  products. 
These  two  lines  are  clearly  set  out  by  the 
author.  Those  who  know  the  enthusiasm, 
almost  amounting  to  paternal  affection, 
with  which  he  regards  the  polypeptides, 
sincerely  trust  that  he  will  solve  this  problem 
also. 

A  refreshing  feature  of  the  book  is  the 
number  of  references  to  the  work  of  English 
chemists.  During  the  last  fifteen  years  a 
silent  revolution  has  been  going  on  in  the 
chemical  world,  and  England  is  fast  getting 
due  credit  for  the  excellence  and  amount 
of  research  done  here.  Prof.  Cohen  is  in 
advance  of  the  ordinary  writer  of  text- 
books in  recognizing  this  fact.  The  student 
who  conscientiously  works  through  the  book 
and  reads  some  of  the  more  important  papers 
quoted  will  gain  an  admirable  acquaintance 
with  tho  classics  of  the  subject.  Only  in 
this  way  can  he  become  imbued  with  the 
spirit  of  research,  and  realize  that  organic 
chemistry  is  no  longer,  as  Hoffmann  once 
called  it,  a  more  or  less  circuitous  route 
to  the  sink,  but  a  highly  systematized 
science. 

Elementary  Statics.  By  W.  G.  Borchardt. 
(Rivingtons.) — There  is  now  among  mathe- 
matical teachers  an  inclination  to  make 
the  study  of  mechanics  more  practical. 
Such  a  short  time  has  elapsed  since  this 
tondoncy  developed  that  it  is  a  pleasure  to 
find  that  tho  newer  textbooks  havo  already 
overcomo  most  of  tho  faults  of  a  transitional 
period.  One  great  use  of  mathematics  is 
tho  power  of  prophecy  which  it  gives  to 
humanity,  and  this  power  is  employed  every 
day  by  ongineers  in  designing  and  using 
machines,  bridges,  and  other  structures.  In 
the  toxtbooks  which  were  in  USB  until  recently 
a  Eew experiments  from  which  Newton's  laws 
and  the  parallelogram  of  forces  could  ho 
deduced  wen  described  ;  hut  the  difficulties 

in    carrying    out-    those    experiments,    owing 

to    tho    inevitable    imperfections    of    tho 


apparatus,  were  not  discussed.  The  stu- 
dents who  were  given  an  opportunity  to 
handle  working  models  of  the  machines 
they  were  expected  to  understand  were 
very  few.  In  the  textbook  before  us  the 
experiments  are  numerous,  and  many  of  the 
theoretical  examples  are  evidently  framed 
with  the  idea  that  the  apparatus  may 
be  easily  constructed  and  the  results  of 
theory  verified.  Great  stress  is  laid  on  the 
measurement  of  the  efficiency  of  the  simple 
machines,  the  chapter  on  pulleys  being 
especially  praiseworthy.  We  should  like 
to  see  the  same  tendency  carried  further  : 
for  example,  in  the  chapter  on  frameworks 
the  student  is  shown  how  to  calculate  the 
stresses  in  the  various  members  by  graphical 
methods  ;  but  no  attempt  is  made  to  check 
the  work  by  direct  experiment. 

There  are  a  few  blemishes  to  which  we 
must  call  attention.  In  the  discussion  of 
how  a  ship  can  sail  against  the  wind  the 
phrase  "  force  of  the  wind  "  is  used  some- 
what loosely.  It  is  true  that  the  wind  can 
only  exert  a  pressure  perpendicular  to  the 
sail,  but  to  talk  of  a  force  "  exerting  a 
pressure "  is  hardly  legitimate  :  the  force 
is  surely  identical  with  the  total  pressure. 
In  dealing  with  friction  the  author  has  a 
tendency  (e.g.,  in  §  149)  to  give  a  numerical 
value  to  the  friction  or  frictional  force  with- 
out stating  explicitly  what  is  meant.  When 
a  cord  passes  over  a  pulley  there  is  generally 
a  difference  in  the  tensions  on  the  two  sides, 
and  this  may  perhaps  be  defined  as  the 
frictional  force  ;  but  it  would  be  better  to 
point  out  that  the  true  frictional  force  at 
the  bearing  is  far  greater  than  this  difference. 
The  book  should  become  popular  in  classes 
preparing  for  University  scholarships  and 
army  examination. 

A  School  Course  on  Physics  :  Light  and 
Sound.  By  F.  C.  Endecott.  (Blackie  & 
Son. ) — This  little  book  is  intended  for  school 
use,  and  is  meant  to  take  the  scholar  to  tho 
standard  of  the  Oxford  and  Cambridge 
Junior  Local  Examination.  Each  chapter, 
which  is  intended  to  represent  a  week's 
work,  is  begun  by  short  lecture-notes. 
Next  follow  a  few  practical  exercises  which 
the  student  is  to  perform  for  himself  ;  and 
finally  there  are  questions  and  exercises  to 
be  solved.  Mr.  Endecott  is  evidently  a 
believer  in  the  heuristic  method  of  teaching 
science,  for  in  his  Preface  he  writes  : — 

"  In  framing  the  Lecture-Notes  care  has  been 
taken  not  to  tell  the  scholar  too  much.  Such 
scientific  truths  as  he  is  likely  to  find  out  ."or  him- 
self are  purposely  omitted,  and  spaces  are  left  for 
them  to  he  written  in." 

How  far  this  method  of  teaching  is  applicable 
in  the  case  of  students  of  only  moderate 
ability  may  well  be  questioned,  and  such 
students  are  unlikely  to  discover  much  for 
themselves  unless  they  are  carefully  guided 
along  the  right  paths  of  investigation. 
But  be  this  as  it  may,  Mr.  Endecott  has 
carried  the  principle  to  excess,  for  he 
certainly  does  not  "  tell  the  scholar  too 
much  "  ;  indeed,  ho  frequently  tells  him  far 
too  little.  A  few  examples  will  suffice  to 
demonstrate  this.  Thus  on  p.  78  all  that 
is  said  about  tho  sextant  is  that  "  it  is  an 
instrument  for  measuring  angular  distances 
between  inaccessible  points.  Its  principle 
depends  upon  the  lairs  of  reflection  of  light." 
(The  italics  are  ours.)  Then,  again,  on 
p.  7!t  wo  are  told  that  the  "  goniometer  is  an 

instrument  lor  measuring  solid  angles." 
Surely    it    would    be   wise   to   explain    in    the 

first   case  how  tho  principle  of  the  sextant 

depends  on  the  laws  of  reflection  of  light. 

and     in     the     second     how     the      goniometer 

measures  angles.  Again,  on  p.  132  all  that, 
is  said  about   tho  methods  of  determining 

the  velocity  of  light   is  that   it   may  be  done 


390 


Til  E     ATHKNJEUM 


No.  4196,  March  28,  1908 


"(i.)  By  observation  of  .lupitor's  satellib 
(ii.)  Aberration  of  light,  (hi.)  Figeau 
method,  (iv.)  Fouceult's  (Miohelsons) 
method."  I  the  Btadenl  supposed  to 
repeal  Rdmer'a  observations  on  tin*  eclipses 
of  the  moons  of  Jupiter,  and  to  devise  for 
himself  and  repeal  the  exceedingly  difficult 
experiments  of  Pigeon  and  Foucault  I 
It  nut.  liou-  is  ho  to  learn  the  methods  by 
which  the  velocity  of  light  lias  been  deter- 
mined, except  by  reference  to  another 
textbook  or  instruction  by  his  teacher  ? 

On  the  other  hand,  formulae  are  givon 
which  can  only  serve  to  provont  the  student 
from  thinking  for  himself,  and  might 
with  advantage  be  omitted.  Thus,  in  the 
treatment  of  spherical  mirrors  and  lenses, 
the  formulae  applicable  to  each  special  case 
are  given.  Wo  think  that  with  young 
students  it  is  preferable  to  do  without 
such  aids,  and  consider  each  case  from 
first  principles,  making  use  of  the  concep- 
tion of  converging  power,  which  is  defined 
as  the  reciprocal  of  the  focal  length.  The 
statements  of  the  questions  and  exercises 
are  not  always  accurate,  and  the  English 
might  bo  improved.  On  p.  86  the  "  optical 
centre  "  of  a  lens  is  defined  as  "  that  point 
on  the  principal  axis  through  which  all 
rays  pass  having  their  paths  parallel  before 
and  after  refraction  through  the  lens." 
On  p.  123  the  student  is  asked  to  "prove 
that  the  light  is  recomposed  on  passing  it 
tlirough  a  second  prism  whose  refracting 
edge  is  turned  the  other  way "  ;  and  on 
p.  166  we  are  told  that  "  overtones  are  not 
necessarily  frequencies  which  are  simple 
multiples  of  the  fundamental." 

Tliroughout  the  book  spaces  are  left  in 
the  text  to  be  filled  in  by  the  student. 


RESEARCH    NOTES. 

Prof.  Kamerlingh  Onnes's  announce- 
ment that  he  has  solidified  helium  has  pro- 
duced the  usual  shower  of  ill-informed  com- 
ment in  the  daily  press  ;  but  as  Dr.  Alfred 
Porter  lias  pointed  out  in  a  letter  to  a  con- 
temporary, the  phenomena  attending  the 
experiment  are  only  what  was  expected. 
As  he  says,  all  the  "  non-valent "  elements 
— I  should  prefer  to  describe  them  as  the 
elements  which  are  inert  at  atmospheric 
pressure  and  temperature — should  sublime, 
or  pass  from  the  solid  into  the  gaseous  state 
without  liquefaction,  because  the  curves 
of  their  boiling-  and  melting-points  respec- 
tively meet  only  when  plotted  against  their 
atomic  weights.  That,  in  solidifying  helium, 
Prof.  Onnes  should  have  attained  a  tempera- 
ture but  a  few  degrees  above  the  absolute 
zero  is  satisfactory  enough  ;  but  there  is  no 
reason  for  thinking,  as  some  winters  soem 
to  do,  that  anything  very  extraordinary 
would  have  happened  had  he  gone  lower 
still  and  reached  the  absolute  zero  itself. 
This  theoretical  point  is  merely  a  conven- 
tional standard  fixed  by  Lord  Kelvin  on 
the  hypothesis  that,  as  gases  contract  by 
^ij  of  their  volume  for  each  downward 
degree  of  temperature,  at  —  273°  C.  they  would 
contract  no  further.  But  no  attempt  has 
been  made  to  verify  this  experimentally 
— the  expense,  if  nothing  olse,  having 
hitherto  stood  in  the  way  ;  and  it  seems 
probable  that  when,  if  ever,  this  is  done, 
it  will  be  found  that  the  law  does  not  apply. 
The  case  of  Ohm's  law — once  treated  by 
mathematical  physicists  as  universal  and 
infrangible,  but  now  shown  not  to  hold 
good  for  ionized  gases — seems  a  perfect 
analogy. 

Mile.  Gleditsch,  in  a  communication  to 
the  Academie  des  Scionces,  gives  an  account 
of  some  extended  experiments  lately  made 
by  her  with  pitchblendes  from  Joachimsthal 


and  Colorado,  carnotito,  Cornwall  ohaloolite, 

thorianite,  and  other  highly  radio-active 
minerals,  She  found  that,  although  they 
contained  oopper  and  lithium,  the  quantity 

of  those  metals  present  was  not  proportional 
to  tho  radio-activity  of  the  parent  ore,  as 
she  seems  to  have  thought  it  should  have 

been  on  Sir  William  Ramsay's  transmutation 
hypothesis.  To  this  Sir  William  and 
Dr.  Cameron  answer,  in  this  month's 
Comptcs-Iiendiis,  that  they  have  never 
contended  that  the  oxistenco  of  lithium 
in  salts  of  copper  exposed  to  radium  emana- 
tion was  entirely  duo  to  transmutation, 
but  that  its  presence  in  the  quantity  observed 
could  only  be  explained  on  that  hypothesis. 
They  recall  their  former  observation  that 
the  weight  of  the  alkaline  residue  after 
treatment  with  tho  emanation  is  greater 
than  it  was  before,  and  tell  us  that  they 
are  now  undertaking  experiments  with 
quartz  vessels,  which  should  negative  the 
suggestion  that  the  appearance  of  the 
sodium  and  potassium  lines  in  the  spectrum 
is  due  to  the  glass  used  in  their  former 
observations.  They  also  repeat  that  the 
presence  of  water-vapour  causes  a  great 
part  of  the  helium  generally  produced  by 
the  dissociation  of  the  emanation  to  be 
replaced  by  sodium  ;  while  they  suggest 
that  the  presence  of  a  salt  of  copper  causes 
it  to  be  transmuted  into  argon  without 
any  admixture  of  helium.  They  give  many 
instances  from  other  branches  of  chemistry 
in  support  of  this,  and  hold  out  hopes  of  a 
further  clearing  up  of  the  subject  by  ex- 
periments now  in  progress. 

Another  notable  article  is  one  by  Prof. 
Righi,  in  the  Rendiconti  dei  Lincei  for  last 
month,  on  what  he  calls  magnetic  rays. 
He  thinks  that  when  the  cathode  of  a  highly 
exhausted  tube  is  exposed  at  once  to  a 
heavy  electric  charge  and  a  strong  magnetic 
field,  particles  are  projected  from  it  which 
are,  in  fact,  molecular  magnets.  They 
follow  the  magnetic  lines  of  force,  but  are  not 
as  a  rule  the  carriers  of  an  electric  charge. 
From  this  and  other  facts,  Prof.  Righi  gathers 
that  these  projected  particles  consist  of  a 
negative  electron  in  revolution  round  a 
positive  atom  with  the  plane  of  its  orbit 
perpendicular  to  the  direction  of  propagation. 
He  thinks  such  a  system  would  form  a 
flexible  molecular  solenoid,  and  as  such 
would  possess  a  good  deal  of  stability.  This 
serves  to  explain  M.  Villard's  discovery 
nearly  tliree  years  ago  of  what  he  called 
"  magnetons "  (see  Athenceum,  No.  4048), 
and  it  is  significant  that,  like  these,  Prof. 
Righi' s  magnetic  rays  not  only  describe 
a  helix,  but,  when  the  deviating  field  is 
sufficiently  strong,  also  force  the  cathode 
rays  to  perform  a  complete  circle,  and  so  to 
return  to  the  cathode.  Hence  M.  Villard's 
discovery,  which  attracted  less  attention 
at  the  time  of  its  announcement  than  it 
deserved,  is  entirely  confirmed.  Yet  the 
onlj'  material  support  for  the  magnetic 
effect  described  must  be  some  infinitesimal 
piece  of  metal  torn  off  from  the  cathode,  and 
as  this  is  seldom  made  of  metals  hitherto 
classed  as  paramagnetic,  the  mystery  of 
magnetism  is  rather  deepened  than  cleared 
up  by  the  discovery. 

Prof.  Goldstein's  article  in  this  month's 
Philosophical  Magazine  on  the  canal -rays 
of  which  he  was  the  discoverer  does  not  give 
us  any  new  facts,  but  is  nevertheless  wel- 
come. He  divides  the  rays  of  the  "  canal  " 
group  into  canal-rays  proper — by  which 
he  denotes  those  which  spring  from  the  side 
of  the  cathode,  whether  perforated  or  not, 
which  is  turned  away  from  the  anode — Kj 
rays.  Si  rays,  nebulous,  and  diffuse  rays. 
Tho  K,  rays  are  those  which  appear  when  the 
ordinary  cathode  rays  are  deflected  by  a 
magnot,  and  spread  if  the  cathode  be  un- 


perforated  towards  the  anode.  The  Sprays 
are  the  first  stratum  of  the  cathode  glow, 
and  might   be  supposed  t  ntical  with 

the    canal-ray-,    were    it   not    that    they    are 
extraordinarily  susceptible  to  influences  which 
do  not  all  affect  the  canal-rays.     Than  Dome 
the  nebulous  rays  which  envelope  the  canal- 
rays,  but  are  not  of  them  ;    and  finally  the 
diffuse  rays,  which  are  produced,  teste  Prof. 
Goldstein,  by  the  impact  of  the  canal-rays 
against  the  molecules  of  gas  remaining  in 
tho   tube,    and   have   a   golden    light,    while 
the  canal-rays  proper  are  blue.     Tho  main 
point  which   Prof.   Goldstein  makes  is  that 
hitherto    these   phenomena    have   been    ex- 
plicable on  two  alternative  hypotheses.    One 
of  theso  regards  both  the  electric  discharge 
in  vacuo  and  the  radiation  accompanying 
it  as  a  process  taking  place  in  the    ether, 
and  not  at  present  capable  of  definition  ; 
the  other,  as  due  simply  to  the  motion  of 
charged    particles.     After   the   little   hit   at 
the     mathematically  -  minded    which     now 
seems  inevitable  in  these  discussions,  Prof. 
Goldstein  points  out  that  the  crux  of  the 
affair  is  really  the  direction  of  the  Si  ra 
and  that  if  these  turn  out  to  be  directed 
towards  the  cathode,  all  the  actions  of  the 
canal-rays  or  positive  rays  can  be  explained, 
apparently,  on  the  latter  of  these  hypotheses. 
Before  leaving  the  subject  of   rays,  notice 
should    be    taken    of   an    article    by   Frof. 
Trowbridge   (of   Harvard)   in   the   February 
number  of  The  American  Journal  of  Science, 
in  which  he  opposes  the  conclusion  of  Prof. 
J.  J.  Thomson  in  his  '  Corpuscular  Theory  of 
Matter,'   that  lithium  chloride  can  be  used 
as   a   test   to   distinguish   between   positive 
and  negative  radiations  in  a  Crookes  tube. 
According     to     the     Cavendish     Professor, 
a  layer  of  this  salt  when  struck  by  canal 
or  positive  rays  gives  out  a  bright  red  light, 
and  a  steel-blue  one  when  bombarded  by  the 
cathode  or  negative  rays.     Prof.  Trowbridge 
shows,    however,    that    when    the    cathode 
rays  are  concentrated  on  the  lithium  chloride 
by   the  ingenious   apparatus  wliich   he  de- 
scribes, and  wliich  may  be  called  in  his  own 
words    "  a    magnetic    lens,"    the   red    light 
is  produced  as   though   the  rays  were  the 
carriers  of  positive  electricity.     As  the  red 
patch   is   surrounded   by    the   characteristic 
blue  light,  he  concludes  that  the  effect  is 
really  dependent  on  the  energy  of  the  par- 
ticles.    Incidentally   he   mentions    that   the 
other    metals    of    the    lithium    group    give 
diverse    effects    in    the     same     conditions. 
Thus  caesium  gives  blue  light  to  both  canal- 
and      cathode-ray      bombardment  ;        and 
rubidium  behaves  like  lithium,  although  the 
red  light  produced  by  it  is  much  less  vivid. 
All    these    salts    are    quickly  dissociated    in 
tho    course    of    the    experiment,    as    is    not 
the  case  with  calcium  tungstate,  which  Prof. 
Trowbridge  therefore  recommends  for  use  in 
X-ray  screens. 

Mile.  Robinovitch  of  New  York  has  been 
making  some  experiments  with  Dr.  Leduc's 
apparatus  for  producing  sleep,  or  rather 
coma,  by  means  of  electricity,  which  are  of 
great  interest.  She  has  found  it  well  adapted 
for  the  purpose  for  which  it  was  designed,  and 
states  that  she  has  made  current  use  of  it  for 
producing  local  anaesthesia  in  the  course 
of  her  practice  as  a  doctor.  She  considers 
that  the  effect  which  it  produces  on  rabbits 
when  pushed  to  excess  perfectly  resembles 
the  effects  of  epilepsy,  and  also  that  itjex- 
plains  the  hitherto  unexplained  phenomena 
of  death  by  electric  shock,  on  the  theory  that 
it  first  arrests  the  respiration,  and  thus 
produces  death  bj'  paralysis  of  the  heart 
following  asphyxia.  But  the  most  im- 
portant point  established  by  her  researches 
is  that  if,  after  the  cessation  of  respiration 
and  before  asphyxia  has  set  in,  a  current 
of  the  kind  used  by  Dr.  Leduc,  and  ofthe 


No.  4196,  March  28,  1908 


THE    ATHENAEUM 


391 


same  tension  as  that  causing  the  apparently- 
fatal  shock,  is  applied  to  the  pationt,  he 
can  be  brought  back  to  life,  even  after  having 
"  short-circuited  "  a  current  of  2,000  volts. 
In  view  of  the  number  of  deaths  arising 
from  accidental  contact  with  electric  mains, 
which  may  be  expected  to  occur  with  in- 
creasing frequency  in  the  near  future,  this 
is  good  news.  A  summary  of  the  experi- 
ments has  been  contributed  by  Dr.  Alfred 
Oradenwitz  to  the  Revue  generate  des  Sciences, 
whence  I  have  borrowed  the  above.  They 
seem  to  have  been  carried  out  at  Berlin, 
and  would  certainly  have  been  denounced 
by  the  anti-vivisectionists  had  they  been 
repeated  here. 

MM.  Chevalier  and  Alguier  have  also 
made  some  interesting  experiments  on  the 
effect  of  kola  nut  upon  the  muscular  and 
nervous  strength.  Its  effect  in  increasing 
this  has  long  been  known  ;  but  they  saw 
reason  to  conclude  that  this  was  due  not  to 
any  principle  peculiar  to  it,  but  merely 
to  the  caffeine,  or  alkaloid  of  coffee,  which 
it  contains.  Experiments  that  they  have 
made  with  a  half-bred  Nivernais  horse,  and 
now  communicated  to  the  Academie  des 
Sciences,  leave  the  last  question  still  in  doubt. 
But  they  seem  to  establish  conclusively 
that  the  increase  in  muscular  and  nervous 
energy  thus  gained  is  obtained — as  may  be 
supposed — from  no  external  source,  but  at 
the  expense  of  the  reserves  of  the  animal 
economy.  Hence  they  very  sensibly  re- 
commend that  the  kola  nut  should  be  only 
employed  medicinally  when  a  sudden  output 
of  energy  is  required,  and  then  that  its  use 
should  be  carefully  proportioned  to  an 
appropriate  diet  devised  ad  hoc. 

M.  Chevalier,  in  collaboration  with  Dr. 
A.  Desgrez,  has  also  made  a  communication 
to  the  Academie  on  some  experiments  with 
choline,  a  secretion  widely  distributed 
through  the  body  of  the  human  subject 
and  those  of  the  lower  animals.  He  finds 
that  when  injected  into  the  veins  it  imme- 
diately produces  a  lowering  of  the  arterial 
pressure,  and  is,  in  fact,  the  first  example 
of  a  physiological  product  of  defined  chemical 
composition  which  can  be  shown  to  do  so. 
In  this  respect  it  seems  to  be  the  exact  oppo- 
site of  adrenaline,  the  secretion  of  the  supra- 
renal capsules.  The  results  of  MM.  Chevalier 
and  Desgrez  were  obtained  by  means  of 
experiments  on  dogs.  F.  L. 


SOCIETIES. 


Geological. — March  18. — Prof.  W.  J.  Sollas, 
President,  in  the  chair. — Messrs.  C.  H.  Dinham, 
I.  T.  Hawkins,  F.  W.  Penny,  and  M.  A.  Wolff 
were  elected  Fellows. — The  following  communica- 
tions were  read  :  '  The  Carboniferous  Rocks  at 
Loughshinny,  County  Dublin,  with  an  Account  of 
the  Faunal  Succession  and  Correlation,'  by  Drs. 
C.  A.  Matley  and  A.  Vaughan, — and  '  A  Note  on 
the  Petrology  and  Physiographyof  Western  Liberia, 
West  Coast  of  Africa,'  by  Mr.  J.  Parkinson. 


Society  of  Antiuuaries. — March  19.  — Lord 
Avebury,  President,  in  the  chair. — The  Report  of 
the  Red  Hills  Exploration  Committee,  dealing  with 
the  results  of  the  work  carried  out  during  190G-7, 
was  presented  by  the  chairman  of  the  Committee, 
Dr.  Henry  Laver. 

The  Red  Hills,  of  which  a  general  explanation 
was  given  in  the  Report,  consist  of  low  mounds 
rising  some  .'{ft.  above  the  level  of  the  marahei  on 
which  they  arc  situated,  and  appear  to  bo  confined 
entirely  to  that  part  of  the  Essex  coast  lying  be- 
tween Hamford  Water  to  the  north  and  Bhoebury- 
ness  on  the  south.  These  mounds,  of  which  there 
are  a  very  large  number  between  the  points  men- 
tioned, are  Bituated  oloee  to,  and  in  most,  < 
below  the  alluvium  line,  whioh  represents  the  limit 

to  which    the  title  flowed    before   the  marshes  Were 

enclosed,  and  they  are  largely  to  be  found  In  the 
immediate  neighbourhood  of   the  tidal  creeks  and 


estuaries  of  the  coast.  When  examined,  the 
mounds  are  found  to  be  composed  of  burnt  earth 
largely  mixed  with  charcoal,  and  objects  of 
fashioned  and  burnt  clay.  Those  objects  (which 
are  constant,  and  typical  of  the  Red  Hills)  consist 
of  tapered  bars,  somewhat  similar  to  a  modern 
furnace  bar,  pedestals  with  an  enlarged  base, 
cylindrical  pieces,  and  many  others  presenting  the 
appearance  of  having  once  been  portions  of  flues, 
furnaces,  or  muffles,  but  always  in  a  broken  or 
defective  condition.  The  mounds  are  surrounded 
by  a  ditch,  and  in  some  cases  a  low  bank  on  the 
mound  itself,  following  the  line  of  the  ditch,  occurs. 

During  the  summer  of  1906  three  typical  mounds, 
situated  in  the  parish  of  Langenhoe,  and  on  the 
borders  of  the  Pyfleet  Channel,  were  explored. 
Associated  with  the  clay  objects  mentioned  above, 
to  which  the  Committee  have  provisionally  given 
the  non-committal  name  of  "briquettage,"  were 
found  portions  of  domestic  vessels  belonging  to  the 
Late  Celtic  or  Early  Iron  Age.  The  quantity  of 
this  pottery  was,  however,  relatively  small,  while 
some  of  the  pieces  showed  marks  of  riveting,  con- 
clusive evidence  that  the  making  of  these  particular 
vessels  was  not  the  object  of  the  industry.  Other 
than  the  above,  no  evidence  whatever  exists,  in  the 
form  of  bones  or  hearths,  of  domestic  occupation. 

During  the  autumn  of  1907  extensive  excavations 
were  made  at  Goldhanger  of  a  large  mound  some 
3£  acres  in  extent.  The  same  type  of  objects  was 
found,  and  in  all  respects  the  discoveries  were 
similar  to  those  of  Langenhoe.  No  evidence  of 
furnaces  or  furnace  floors  in  place  could  be  dis- 
covered ;  but  the  material  in  this,  as  in  other 
mounds,  had  all  the  appearance  of  having  been  in- 
discriminately deposited  or  "shot." 

Mr.  W.  H.  Dalton,  who  had  given  special  atten- 
tion for  many  years  to  these  Red  Hills,  pointed  out 
that  the  conditions,  topographical  as  well  as  geo- 
logical, under  which  Red  Hills  occur,  appear  to  be 
confined  to  the  district  where  they  are  now  actually 
found.  At  the  same  time  there  is  no  conclusive 
evidence  to  show  that  the  present  tidal  range  ob- 
tained at  the  period  of  the  formation  of  the  Red 
Hills. 

Mr.  J.  H.  B.  Jenkins,  who  had  analyzed  the 
clays  found  at  the  side  of  and  under  a  Red  Hill, 
and  compared  the  analyses  with  those  of  the  burnt 
earth,  briquettage,  and  a  portion  of  true  London 
clay  from  another  site,  showed  that  no  very 
striking  differences  existed. 

Mr.  A.  H.  Lyell,  who  kindly  undertook  the  task 
of  examining  the  charcoals  and  woods  found  in  the 
mounds,  reported  that  they  consisted  of  oak,  hazel, 
chestnut,  mountain  ash,  and  other  indigenous 
woods,  and  argued  that  the  climate  at  the  time  of 
their  use  must  have  been  open  and  temperate. 

In  the  discussion  which  followed  the  reading  of 
the  Report  by  its  compiler,  Mr.  Francis  W.  Reader, 
the  question  as  to  whether  these  mounds  were 
primitive  "in  situ"  industries,  or  whether  they 
were  marsh  mounds  constructed  at  a  later  date 
from  the  debris  of  earlier  industries  in  the  neigh- 
bourhood, was  touched  upon. 

Mr.  Charles  H.  Read  regarded  the  objects  ex- 
hibited as  connected  with  the  manufacture  of  pot- 
tery, and  he  alluded  to  the  fact  that  the  examina- 
tion of  ancient  potteries  in  Siam  showed  that 
objects  similar  to  the  pedestals  were  used  for  sup- 
porting vessels  during  the  process  of  baking. 

Mr.  W.  H.  St.  John  Hope,  who  expressed  his 
leaning  towards  the  simplest  solution  of  their 
oiigin,  made  the  suggestion  that  the  Red  Hills 
were  the  refuse  from  the  manufacture,  for  use  in 
some  unidentified  pottery  works  on  a  large  scale,  of 
the  very  objects  which  had  been  discovered,  and 
that  the  broken  fragments  exhibited  were  actually 
the  wasters  from  the  making  of  these  muffles  and 
pedestals.  Only  on  such  a  hypothesis  could,  he 
thought,  the  noteworthy  absence  of  extensive 
remains  of  actual  pottery  be  explained. 

A  large  assortment  of  Red  Hill  objects  was  shown, 
and  the  paper  was  illustrated  by  maps  and 
diagrams. 

ROYAL  Soiiety  of  Literature. — March  25. — 
The,  Master  of  St.  John's  College,  Cambridge,  V.P., 

in  the  chair. — Prof.  J.  W.  Mackail  read  a  paper 
on  Sir  Richard  Fanshawe.  After  tracing  tho 
degree  to  which  Fanshawe's  reputation  has  sur- 
vived,   Mi.   Maokail   gave    a    brief  account   of   his 

life  as  presented  in  Lady  Fanshawe's  fascinating 

memoirs,  anil  recently  elucidated  by  the  reaearoE 
of  his  kinsman  Mr.  EL  C.  Fanshawe.  Sir  Richard's 
life  and  literary  work  touched  on   those  of   Milton 


at  various  points  ;  their  education  was  similar, 
they  were  together  at  Cambridge,  and  the  post  of 
Latin  Secretary,  which  Milton  had  held  under  the 
Commonwealth,  was  filled  by  Fanshawe  at  the 
Restoration.  The  literary  work  of  Fanshawe  con- 
sists mainly  of  translations,  among  which  those 
chiefly  to  be  noticed  are  of  the  '  Pastor  Fido,'  of 
Camoens's  '  Lusiads,'  and  of  portions  of  Virgil  and 
Horace.  The  seventeenth  century  was  the  great 
age  of  translations  in  England,  translations  being 
then  used  as  a  means  of  enlarging  and  civilizing 
the  English  language  so  as  to  make  it  a  vehicle  fit 
to  embody  the  whole  movement  of  European  cul- 
ture. The  actual  translations  thus  produced  be- 
came obsolete  when  this  end  had  been  attained. 
In  any  case  the  life  of  a  translation  was  contingent 
on  the  life  of  its  original,  and  the  .Spanish,  Italian, 
and  Portuguese  poets  from  whom  Fanshawe  trans- 
lated were  now  themselves  fallen  into  comparative 
oblivion  ;  but  his  translations,  especially  from  the 
ancient  classics,  were  of  much  interest  in  them- 
selves, apart  from  their  historical  importance  in 
the  development  of  the  style  and  language  of  poetry 
in  this  country.  Fanshawe's  life,  which  was  one 
of  much  interest,  was  now  well  known  through 
the  memoirs,  but  his  works  had  never  been  col- 
lected or  reprinted,  and  were  for  most  readers 
virtually  inaccessible.  This  task  was  well  worth 
doing,  and  might  be  commended  to  the  favourable 
consideration  of  the  University  of  Cambridge,  for 
which  Fanshawe  was  member  in  the  Cavalier  Par- 
liament. 

Royal  Numismatic.  —  March  19.  —  Sir  John 
Evans,  President,  in  the  chair. — Mr.  T.  Henry 
Williams  was  elected  a  Fellow. — The  President 
exhibited  a  silver  plaquette  of  Sir  Francis  Drake, 
which  has  been  issued  by  the  American  Committee 
on  the  Publication  of  Medals  to  form  one  of  a 
series  designed  to  commemorate  notable  events  in 
the  history  of  America.  On  the  obverse  is  the 
portrait  of  Drake,  and  the  reverse  consists  of  a 
representation  of  America  adapted  from  the  re- 
markable silver  map-medal  which  was  issued  soon 
after  Drake's  famous  voyage  round  the  world, 
1577-80.  The  medal  struck  under  the  direction  of 
the  American  Committee  is  the  work  of  Prof. 
Rudolf  Marschall,  Royal  Medallist  to  the  Court  of 
Austria. — Mr.  L.  Forrer  showed  a  selection  of 
bronze  medals  and  plaquettes  by  the  Belgian  artist 
Godefroid  Devresse,  and  a  plaquette  by  the 
sculptor  Charles  Samuel  on  the  twentieth  anni- 
versary of  the  foundation  of  the  Congo  Free  State. 
— Lady  Evans  read  a  paper  on  a  memorial  badge 
of  Anne  Eldred,  dated  1678.  It  has  for  the 
obverse  type  a  shield  with  the  arms  of  Eldred 
impaling  Godman ;  and  on  the  reverse  a  veiled 
seated  female  figure  holding  a  skull,  and  resting 
her  arm  on  a  pedestal  which  supports  an  urn,  with 
the  motto  "A  wise  woman  buildeth  her  house." 
Anne  Eldred  was  the  daughter  of  Thomas  Godman 
of  Olavers  in  Essex  and  of  the  Inner  Temple.  The 
most  notable  member  of  the  Eldred  family  was  one 
John,  a  great  traveller,  who  in  search  of  a  fortune 
visited  Tripoli,  Aleppo,  Bagdad,  Antioch,  and 
other  places.  He  started  on  his  journey  in  1583, 
and  returned  in  1588  in  the  Hercules,  "the 
richest  ship  of  English  merchant's  goods  that 
ever  was  known  to  come  into  the  realm."  He  was 
one  of  the  original  subscribers  to  the  East  India 
Company,  and  a  member  of  its  first  Court  of 
Directors.  The  diarist  of  the  family  was  John, 
the  eldest  son  of  Anne  Eldred,  whose  death  is 
commemorated  by  the  medal.  From  his  diary, 
which  is  preserved  in  the  British  Museum,  Lady 
Evans  was  able  to  supply  many  interesting  inci- 
dents connected  with  the  Eldred  family.  The 
medal,  which  consists  of  two  embossed  plaques 
united  by  a  rim,  may  bo  of  Dutch  work,  this  mode 
of  making  medals  being  much  in  vogue  in  Hol- 
land in  the  seventeenth  century. 

Historical.—  March  19.— Mr.  Frederic  Harrison 
in  the  chair.  — Messrs.  T.  H.  Crossetto,  A.  C. 
Kelway,  and  E.  (!.  Underwood,  and  tin1  F.ev. 
W.  II.  BhaWOrOBS  were  elected  Fellows. — In  tho 
absence  of  Sir  Henry  II.  SoWOTth,  a  paper  1'V  him 
on  'The  Rise  of  JullUS  Caesar,  with  an  Account  of 
his  Friends  and  Rivals'  (Part  II.),  was  read  by 
Die  Hon.  Secretary.  The  Chairman  and  M r.  0 
Browning  spoke  on  the  subject,  of  the  paper. 

Physical, — March  IS.     Dr.  0.  Chree,  President, 

in   the  chair,— Messrs.  A.  E.    (Jarratt,  A.   E.    Hall, 

and  \V.  Williams  were  elected  Bellows,— A  psper 


392 


THE    ATHENjEUM 


No.  4190,  March  28,  1908 


on  '  The  Distribution  in  Eleotrio  Fields  of  the 
Aotive  Deposit*  of  Radium,  Thorium,  and 
.\.  iinium'  w*t  read  l>v  Mr.  S.  ltuss. — A  'Not"  on 
Certain  Dynumii-al  Analogues  of  Teinpemtui  ■<■ 
Equilibrium,'  by  1W.  (J.  II.  Bryan,  was  read  by 
the  Secretary. 


MEETINGS  NEXT  WEKK. 

Won.  institute  of  Actuaries,  5.—'  On  Reversionary  Bonuses  u 
affected  by  Expenses  mid  \  arialions  in  Kates  of  Mortality,' 
Mr   II.  II    AUttln. 

—  Bode ty of  Arts.  8.— 'Fuel  and  its  Future.'  Lecture  IV.,  Prof. 

v.  l!  Lewes,    (Cantor  Lecture.) 

—  Surrejoin    Institution,    B.—' Quantities :  should    they    form 

partof  the  Contract r' Mr  !■'.  0,  Hunt. 

—  Geographical,  B.80.— 'Geographical  Oondltions  affecting  th« 

British  Empire  :  I.  British  Islands,1  Mr.  II. .'.  Macktaaer. 
Ti  is.     Bon]    Institution.  8.— 'The    Egyptian    Sudan:    its    History, 
Monuments,  and   Peoples.   Past  and  Present,'  Lecture  If., 
Dr.  E.  A.  Wallis  Budge. 

—  Institution  of  civil  Engineers,  S.— 'Some  Methods  of  Heating 

adopted  in  Hospital"  and  Asylums  Recently  Built,  Mr. 
E.  It.  Dolby. 

—  Society  of  Arts,  8.—'  Enamel  Portraits,'  Mr.  Cyril  Daven]>ort. 

(Applied  Art  Section.) 
Wsafc     Arclwological    Institute,  4.30.— '  On    Roman  Inscriptions  in 
Britain,  Prof.  Harerfleld. 

—  Geological,  7  4.1 —Special  General  Meeting;    Paper  on   'The 

Geological  Structure  of  the  St.  David's  Area,  Pembroke- 
shire,' Mr.  J.  F.  N.  Green. 

—  Entomological,  8. 

—  Society  of  Arts.  8.— 'Dr.  Schlick's  Gyroscopic  Apparatus  for 

preventing  Ships  from  Rolling.'  Mr.  M.  Wurl. 
Tiiuns.  Royal    Institution,    3.— 'The    Animals    of    Africa,'    Mr.  R. 
Lydekker. 

—  Royal,  4.30. 

—  Institution  of  Electrical  Engineers.  8.—'  Highspeed  Electrical 

Machinery.'  Messrs.  U.  Stoney  and  A.  H.  Law. 

—  Linnean,  8.—'  Altitude  and  Distribution  of  Plants  in  Southern 

Mexico,'  Dr.  Hans  Gadow ;  'The  Anatomy  of  some 
Bapotaceous  Seedlings.'  Miss  Winifred  Smith;  'Notes  on 
some  Sponges  recently  Collected  in  Scotland,'  Dr.  N. 
Annan  dale. 

—  Society  of  Arts.  8.— 'The  Navigation  of  the  Air,'  Lecture  III., 

Dr.  H  S   HcleShaw.    (Howard  Lecture.) 

—  Chemical.  8  30—  'The  Condensation  of  Epichlornhydrin  with 

Phenols,'  Messrs.  D.  R.  Boyd  and  E.  R.  Marie;  'A  New 
General  Method  of  preparing  Diazonium  Bromides,' 
Mr.  F.  D.  C'battaway  ;  and  other  Papers. 

—  Society  of  Antiquaries.   8  30,— 'On  a    Lambeth  Salt  with  the 

Amis  of  the  Upholsterers'  Company,'  Sir  John  Evans  ; 
'  Report  as  Local  Secretary  for  Hants,'  Mr.  W.  Dale  ;  '  On  a 
Discovery  of  a  Koman  Stone  Coffin,  near  DuBton,  Northants,' 
Mr.  C.  A.  Markham. 
Fm.  Institution  of  Civil  Engineers.  8.—' NoteB  on  the  Foundations 
of  an  Indian  Bridge,' Mr.  G.  W.  N.  Rose.    (Students'  Meeting.) 

—  Philological,   8— 'On    the    M   Words    I   am   editing  for  the 

Society's  Oxford  Dictionary.'  Dr.  H.  Bradley. 

—  Royal  Institution,  9.— 'The  Modern  Motor-Car,' Lord  Montagu 

of  Beaulieu. 
Sat.      Royal  Institution,  3— 'Electric    Discharges  through  Gases,' 
Lecture  V.,  Prof.  J.  J.  Thomson. 


&titntt  (Sossip. 

The  Geological  Society  are  holding  a 
special  meeting  next  Wednesday  to  con- 
sider the  question  of  the  admission  of  women 
as  Fellows  or  Associates. 

By  the  sudden  death  of  Sir  John  Eliot, 
K.C.I. E.,  the  handbook  which  was  intended 
to  serve  as  a  companion  to  his  important 
'  Climatological  Atlas  of  India '  has  been 
left  unfinished,  although  it  was  so  far 
advanced  that  its  completion  by  other 
hands  is  assured.  Shortly  before  his  death 
Sir  John  Eliot  had  been  invited  to  attend 
a  conference  at  Ottawa,  at  which  his 
presence  would  have  been  invaluable,  for 
the  furtherance  of  a  colonial  scheme  for  an 
organized  study  of  meteorological  conditions 
prevailing  over  large  areas.  In  addition 
to  his  scientific  gifts,  Sir  John  Eliot  was  a 
keen  observer  of  several  aspects  of  Oriental 
life,  and  his  knowledge  of  music  was  con- 
siderable. His  death,  from  apoplexy,  took 
place  in  the  course  of  a  morning  ramble 
on  the  hills  overlooking  his  charming 
residence  near  Marseilles. 

The  death  is  announced,  from  malarial 
fever  in  Guatemala,  of  Prof.  William  A. 
Kellerman,  head  of  the  Botanical  Depart- 
ment at  the  Ohio  State  University.  Prof. 
Kellerman,  who  went  to  Guatemala  to  study 
the  flora  of  that  country,  was  born  at  Ash- 
ville,  Ohio,  on  May  1st,  1850,  and  was  Pro- 
fessor of  Botany  and  Zoology  at  the  Kansas 
State  Agricultural  College  for  several  years 
before  his  appointment  to  Columbia.  Ho 
was  founder  and  editor  of  The  Journal  of 
Mycology,  and  author  of  a  '  Flora  of  Kansas,' 
'  Elementary  Botany,'  '  Phyto-Theca,'  and 
a  '  Spring  Flora  of  Ohio.' 

On  the  2nd  prox.  the  sun  will  be  at  his 
mean  distance  from  the  earth.  On  the  15th 
he  will  pass  the  meridian  at  12  o'clock, 
there  being  no  equation  of  time.  The  moon 
will  be  now  at  5h.  2m.  (Greenwich  time)  on 


tho  morning  of  the  1st  prox.  ;  full  at 
4h.  55m.  on  tho  afternoon  of  the  16th; 
and  now  again  at  3h.  33m.  on  that  of  tho 
30th.  Sho  •will  bo  in  perigee  about  a 
quarter  of  an  hour  aftor  noon  on  tho  25th, 
and  will  occult  rj  Cancri  about  an  hour  after 
midnight  on  the  0th.  Tho  planot  Mercury 
will  be  visible  in  tho  morning  until  about 
the  20th,  moving  in  a  north-easterly  direc- 
tion through  tho  constellation  Pisces.  Venus 
will  bo  at  greatest  eastern  elongation  from 
the  sun  on  tho  26th,  and  is  very  brilliant  in 
the  evoning,  not  setting  until  about  an  hour 
before  midnight  ;  she  is  in  Taurus,  and  will 
pass  near  the  Pleiades  on  the  3rd  and  4th, 
due  north  of  Aldebaran  on  tho  4th,  and  a 
little  to  the  south  of  (5  Tauri  on  the  25th  ; 
she  will  be  in  conjunction  with  the  moon 
early  in  the  afternoon  on  the  4th.  Mars  is 
also  in  Taurus,  and  will  be  due  south  of  the 
Pleiades  on  the  3rd,  continuing  to  decrease 
in  brightness  ;  on  the  afternoon  of  the  4th 
he  will  be  in  conjunction  with  the  moon,  and 
afterwards  with  Venus  (Mars  a  little  to  the 
south  of  Venus)  ;  and  as  soon  as  it  is  dark 
the  two  planets  will  be  seen  very  near  each 
other,  to  the  north-west  of  the  moon.  Jupiter 
is  now  very  near  the  star  rj  Cancri  ;  he  will 
be  on  the  meridian  at  7  o'clock  in  the  evening 
on  the  13th  prox.,  and  in  conjunction  with 
the  moon  about  an  hour  before  midnight 
on  the  9th.  Saturn  will  not  be  visible  until 
nearly  the  end  of  next  month,  when  he  will 
rise  about  4  o'clock  in  the  morning. 

Another  small  planet  was  photographic- 
ally discovered  by  Prof.  Max  Wolf  at  the 
Astrophysical  Institute,  Konigstuhl,  Heidel- 
berg, on  the  night  of  the  3rd  inst. 

Mr.  J.  H.  Elgie,  F.R.A.S.,  of  Leeds, 
having  directed  special  attention  to  the 
singular  resemblance  which  the  formations 
near  the  centre  of  the  moon's  visible  disc 
present  to  the  profile  of  a  lady's  face,  which 
some  persons  can  discern  with  the  naked 
eye,  and  many  more  with  the  help  of  an 
opera-glass,  a  photograph  has  been  taken 
and  placed  on  a  post-card  by  a  local  firm. 
The  formation  in  question,  being  near  the 
centre  of  the  disc,  is  best  seen  nearly  on  the 
terminator  when  the  moon  is  in  her  first 
quarter.  A  little  to  the  west  of  the  great 
walled  plain  Hipparchus  is  the  smaller 
ring-plain  Herschel.  Nearly  to  the  north 
of  Hipparchus  is  Triesnecker  ;  Mosting  is 
south-west  of  Triesnecker,  and  north-west  of 
Herschel  ;  and  the  centre  of  the  moon's 
visible  disc  is  situated  very  nearly  centrally 
between  those  three  ring-plains. 


FINE   ARTS 


TWO     BOOKS     ON     ENGRAVING. 

Charles  Turner.  "  Nineteenth  Century 
Mezzotinters."  By  Alfred  Whitman.  (Bell 
&  Sons.) — Mr.  Whitman's  catalogue  is  not 
merely  a  handsome  volume,  but,  what  is 
far  more  important,  a  thoroughly  useful 
guide  to  collectors  and  students  of  Charles 
Turner's  engravings.  It  is,  perhaps,  im- 
possible for  a  man  of  restricted  leisure  and 
few  opportunities  of  travelling  to  make  such 
a  catalogue  absolutely  exhaustive ;  but 
with  untiring  zeal  and  the  aid  of  many 
collectors  Mr.  Whitman  has  described  no 
fewer  than  921  prints,  of  which  628  are  por- 
traits, and  has  recorded  all  known  varieties 
of  state,  quoting  an  authority  for  every  one. 
Wisely  abandoning  a  chronological  arrange- 
ment, he  places  the  portraits  in  one  alpha- 
betical order  (that  of  the  sitters),  and  the 
subjects  in  another  (that  of  the  painters), 
tho  alphabetical  guide  to  tho  subjects  them- 
selves    being     conveniently    supplied   by   a 


further  index,  while  another  gives  all  the 
pointem  nfter  whom  Turner  engraved  any 
plate,  whether  portruit  or  subject.  It  is 
difficult  to  detect  the  least  inconsistency  in 
Mr.  Whitman's  adherence  to  this  excellent 
plan,  but  we  have  noticed  that  tho  Tsar 
Alexander  I.  and  his  consort  Elizabeth  an-> 
catalogued  under  '  Russia,'  Frederick  V. 
under  '  Bohemia,'  and  Maria  da  Gloria 
under  '  Portugal  '  ;  whereas  other  sove- 
reigns, English  or  foreign,  appear  under 
their  own  names,  Charles,  George,  Maxi- 
milian, &c.  There  can  be  no  objection  to 
either  system,  but  it  is  a  mistako  to  mix  the 
two.  The  sin,  at  the  worst,  is  venial. 
When  reviewing  the  predecessor  of  this 
volume,  the  catalogue  of  Samuel  Cousins,  wo 
exhorted  Mr.  Whitman  to  give  measure- 
ments in  centimetres  for  the  benefit  of 
continental  readers,  as  well  as  in  inches  ; 
but  he  has  not  followed  our  advice.  Tho 
book  will  be  chiefly  read,  of  course,  in 
England  ;  but  the  officials  of  foreign  public 
collections,  at  least  in  Germany  and  Austria, 
where  English  mezzotints  havo  been  largely 
collected,  make  diligent  uso  of  such  cata- 
logues, and  our  insular  measures  place  an 
obstacle  in  their  way  which  is  easily  removed 
by  a  recognition  of  the  metric  system  as 
supplementary  to  our  own. 

Turner,  the  patient  engraver  and  etcher 
of  so  many  plates,  lived  a  sedentary  and  un- 
eventful life,  but  Mr.  Whitman  has  managed 
to  write  an  interesting  biography,  for 
which  some  extant  diaries  of  the  artist's 
early  and  late  years  have  yielded  valuable 
excerpts.  There  is  a  certain  naivete  in 
recording  as  the  solitary  event  of  the  year 
1814  that  a  plate  appeared  with  the  inscrip- 
tion "  Published.  .  .  ,G.  I.  Jenkins  "  instead 
of  "by  I.  Jenkins."  Such  information 
were  better  reserved  for  the  catalogue  itself. 
It  was  in  that  year  that  Turner  engraved 
the  portrait  of  Viscount  Castlereagh,  after 
Lawrence,  which  he  himself  considered 
his  masterpiece,  and  also  the  magnificent 
'  Lord  Newton,'  after  Raeburn,  which  seems 
to  a  modern  eye  much  the  finer  work. 
Both  portraits  are  reproduced  among  the 
thirty-two  collotype  plates  which  form 
one  of  the  most  attractive  features  of  the 
catalogue.  These  are  selected  from  every 
class  of  subject,  and  present  an  epitome  of 
Turner's  development,  being  placed  in 
chronological  order.  Turner  did  little  of 
his  best  work  after  1836,  though  he  lived 
till  1857.  This  important  record  of  his 
achievement  will  tend  to  enhance  his  growing 
reputation  as  a  worthy  successor  of  the 
great  mezzotint  engravers  of  the  age  of 
Reynolds. 

Karl  Slanffer-Bern  :  ein  Verzeichnis  seiner 
Radierungen  und  Stiche.  Von  Max  Lehrs. 
(Dresden,  Ernst  Arnold.) — Karl  Stauffer- 
Born  (1857-91)  was  the  first  to  inaugurate 
in  modern  Germany  the  revival  of  the 
burin  as  a  painter-engraver's  implement, 
wielding  it  almost  as  freely  as  an  etcher 
uses  the  needle  or  dry-point.  He  had  been 
anticipated  by  Ferdinand  Gaillard  in  France, 
but  Gaillard' s  art,  with  its  more  methodical 
routine  and  finish,  was  less  in  touch  with 
life  ;  he  translated  the  work  of  painter  or 
photographer  without  recourse  to  the  living 
model,  whereas  Stauffer,  if  he  sometimes 
employed  the  camera  for  subsidiary  purposes, 
saw  everything  first  with  his  own  eyes, 
and  their  vision  was  keen.  He  devoted 
the  remarkable  mastery  of  teclmique  that 
he  acquired  in  only  four  years  of  practice 
(1884-7)  to  reproducing,  with  iinflinching 
German  realism  and  insight  into  cha- 
racter, the  features  of  a  circle  of  kinsmen 
and  friends  by  no  means  eminent  for 
physical  beauty,  his  own  likeness,  and  the 
portraits  of  a  few  celebratod  sitters — the 
Emperor  William  I.,  Adolf  Menzel,  Gustav 


No.  4196,  March  28,  1908 


THE    ATHENAEUM 


393 


Freytag,  Gottfried  Keller,  and  the  living 
engraver  and  etcher  Prof.  Peter  Halm,  by 
whose  precept  and  example  Stauffer  was 
initiated  into  the  secrets  of  the  art.  In 
addition  to  these  portraits  Stauffer  etched 
two  wonderful  studies  of  the  nude,  the 
attitude  of  the  male  figure  being  suggested 
by  Holbein's  reclining  '  Dead  Christ '  at 
Basle.  He  long  cherished  the  idea  of 
reproducing  Holbein's  portrait  of  the 
merchant  Georg  Gisze  at  Berlin,  but  this 
project  never  took  effect,  and  Stauffer 
made  no  experiment  in  reproductive  work. 
With  the  addition  of  two  or  three  insignifi- 
cant sketches,  his  whole  work  on  copper 
amounts  only  to  thirty-seven  numbers  ; 
but  the  ten  or  twelve  that  are  bast  suffice 
to  raise  him  to  the  first  rank  among  the 
etchers  of  his  country,  where  his  good  proofs 
are  coveted  and  fetch  high  prices.  A  repre- 
sentative collection  (not  including,  how- 
ever, the  rare  early  states  which  show  the 
artist  at  his  best)  was  acquired  by  the 
British  Museum  in  1892  from  Stauffer's 
mother,  the  original  of  his  finest  portrait  : 
few  other  examples,  probably,  are  to  be 
found  in  this  country.  The  chief  public 
collections  of  his  work  are  at  Dresden  and 
Berlin  ;  both  owe  their  completeness  in 
large  measure  to  the  zeal  of  the  author  of 
this  catalogue. 

The  book  itself  is  a  work  of  almost  in- 
crediblo  thoroughness  and  finish.  Not  only 
every  state,  but  also  every  impression  of  evory 
state  (omitting  commercial  reprints)  that 
tireless  research  could  trace,  is  here  described 
with  particulars  of  paper  and  watermark, 
as  if  Stauffer-Bern  were  one  of  the  primitive 
engravers  on  whom  the  same  writer  is  the 
greatest  living  authority.  After  the  intro- 
duction, the  only  commentator  allowed  to 
contribute  is  the  artist  liimself,  and  constant 
quotations  are  given  from  Stauffer's  marginal 
notes  written  on  proofs  that  he  gave  away, 
and  from  letters  bearing  on  any  plate 
that  was  in  hand  at  the  date  of  writing. 
The  method  may  seem  exaggerated  in  its 
precision,  yet  what  would  we  not  give, 
as  Prof.  Lehrs  remarks,  for  such  a  record  of 
the  work  of  Diiror  or  Rembrandt,  preserved 
by  a  contemporary  while  he  still  had  access 
to  authentic  sources  ?  But  was  Stauffer- 
Bern,  one  is  tempted  to  object,  a  Diirer  or  a 
Rembrandt  ?  Prof.  Lehrs  himself  admits 
that  he  lacked  imagination  ;  he  places 
him,  for  all  that,  above  all  German  engravers 
since  Diirer.  Stauffer-Born  freed  the  burin 
from  its  subservience  to  academic  routine 
and  a  commercial  standard  of  finish  ;  he 
produced  some  astonishingly  life-like  por- 
traits in  an  unconventional  style  of  engrav- 
ing ;  but  it  is  a  little  difficult  for  a  foreigner 
to  share  entirely  the  enthusiasm  which  has 
produced  such  a  tribute  as  this  monograph 
by  a  master  hand.  The  volume  includes  a 
hitherto  unpublished  treatise  on  etching, 
written  in  1886  by  Stauffer-Bern,  and  a 
number  of  clear  reproductions  of  fine  and 
rare  states  of  the  excellent  prints  described 
in  the  catalogue. 


EXHIBITIONS  OF  WORKS  BY  LIVING 
ARTISTS. 

CABINET     PICTURES     AND     ETCHINGS 
BY     MR.     BRANGWYN. 

This  collection  at  the  Fine- Art  Society's 
Galleries  gives  an  impression  of  robust 
productive  power  which  is  rather  refreshing 
after  the  tamo  avorago  of  "  one-man 
shows.  Mr.  Brangwyn  is  an  artist  of  great 
native  ability,  for  tho  timo  being  a  littlo 
at  the  mercy  of  his  decorative  facility. 
So  much  stress  has  been  laid  in  the  pages 
of  The  Atfienceum  on  the  importance  of 
restoring  painting  to  its  proper  docorativo 


function  that  it  is  not  for  us  to  be  other 
than  grateful  to  one  of  the  few  men  who 
have  given  their  fellows  a  lead  in  this  direc- 
tion. None  the  less  we  feel  in  this  show 
that  the  importance  attached  by  Mr. 
Brangwyn  to  his  real,  but  limited  decorative 
gift  does  not  always  make  for  his  own  best 
development.  It  leads  him  to  employ  again 
and  again  material  which  he  knows  is 
apt  for  such  purposes,  but  in  which  he  has 
ceased  to  take  an  interest  (certain  straight- 
growing  trees  and  large  vegetables  might 
be  cited  as  concrete  instances)  ;  and  it 
tends  to  an  approximate  and  arbitrary 
use  of  tone,  whereby  distant  objects  are 
forced  into  a  prominence  as  a  ready  means 
of  distributing  interest  over  the  picture, 
and  securing  a  "  flat "  effect  from  groups 
which  would  not  naturally  yield  such  an 
appearance. 

So  largely  is  the  harmony  of  Mr.  Brang- 
wyn's  decorative  paintings  an  affair  of 
carefully  distributed  detail,  and  so  little  of 
the  structure  of  large  planes,  that  we  had 
at  first  looked  forward  to  his  etchings  as 
likely  to  be  much  better,  because  the  exact- 
ing nature  of  a  line  medium  would  force 
him  to  push  that  harmony  of  detail  to  a 
greater  delicacy.  As  a  matter  of  fact, 
however,  he  hardly  makes  of  it  a  line 
method  at  all.  By  a  scrabble  of  lines  not 
in  itself  particularly  attractive,  his  etching 
becomes  much  more  truly  a  painter's  medium 
than  his  oil  painting  has  been  in  many  of 
his  more  important  efforts.  In  this  rather 
bastard  fashion  some  of  his  etchings  are 
very  good  indeed,  and  not  least  good  some 
of  those  in  the  present  show.  The  Mine 
(14)  is  a  fair  example  of  such  work,  or  the 
Certificate  for  the  Master  Shipwrights'  Com- 
pany (20),  wherein  the  space  prudently  left 
blank  reminds  us  how  dangerous  for  such 
disintegrated  execution  would  be  the  com- 
parison of  the  clear  black  and  white  of  letter- 
ing. London  Bridge,  No.  2  (34)  is  perhaps 
the  best  of  these  etchings,  with  a  touch  of 
clear,  exact  draughtsmanship  in  the  render- 
ing of  the  barrels  which  gives  a  welcome 
severity.  Undoubtedly  the  artist's  work 
would  gain  by  a  little  more  of  this  close 
observation.  We  see  him  in  these  etchings 
sketching  out  decorative  designs  on  a 
naturalistic  basis  with  an  energy  and  enter- 
prise that  may  prove  beneficial  to  him  later. 
Unloading  Wine  (51),  for  instance,  without 
being  a  thoroughly  satisfactory  etching, 
offers  an  excellent  suggestion  for  painting. 

When  engaged  actually  with  the  brush, 
however,  Mr.  Brangwyn  is  less  clever  in 
reconciling  the  claims  of  decoration  and 
actuality.  When  he  is  bent  on  the  former, 
certain  habits  cling,  and  nature  is  somewhat 
brutally  treated.  The  lithographic  study 
(61)  for  the  group  in  the  large  decorative 
painting  (18)  is  thus  much  better  than  the 
completed  work,  nor  is  it  less  decora- 
tive. The  two  large  panels,  indeed  (18  and 
49),  are  none  the  less  overmodelled  because 
the  detail  is  clumsy.  Similarly  the  sketch 
for  a  panel  at  the  Skinners'  Hall  is  very  much 
an  affair  of  recipe,  and  lias  none  of  the 
interest  of  the  etchings  or  the  artist's  more 
puroly  pictorial  work  in  paint. 

It  is  in  tho  latter  branch  of  painting  that 
Mr.  Brangwyn  is  at  present  most  successful. 
We  regret  that  there  is  here  none  of  the 
masterly  still-life  studies  which  have  some- 
times shown  him  at  his  best  ;  but  An  Inn 
(73),  Evening  (77),  and  Client  (6)  arc  mas- 
sively designed,  sober  in  colour,  and  strong 
in  a  way  that  his  larger  works  do  not  yet 
achiovo.  Herein  is  hope,  and  the  next 
few  years  will  probably  Bhow  how  elastic 
is  Mr.  Brangwyn's  talent— whether  ho  is  a 
man  of  staying  power,  or  another  victim 
of  the  modern  demand  for  an  astonishingly 
compact,     self-contained     little     product — 


complete  at  the  earliest  possible  moment. 
He  has  such  a  talent ;  it  has  brought  him 
success,  and  made  him  a  public  danger  by 
his  influence  on  the  younger  generation 
of  art-students.  He  has  also  many  elements 
from  which  a  stronger  art  may  come. 

A    GROUP    OF    ARTISTS    AT    THE    GOUPIL 
GALLERY. 

Of  these  painters  Mr.  Gerald  Kelly, 
whom  we  know  as  a  promising  portrait 
painter,  shows  only  a  series  of  sketches 
of  tiny  dimensions  and  small  importance. 
He  is  a  disappointment,  as  is  Mr.  Chowne, 
whose  flowers,  always  a  little  imitative  in 
character,  are  here  painted  as  so  many 
separate  centres  of  discordant  colour.  Mr. 
Pliilip  Connard  shows  a  great  many  works, 
and  two  or  three  of  the  slighter  ones  are  very 
good,  e.g.,  two  flower-pieces,  Dahlias  (136) 
and  Roses  and  Stocks  (144);  while  better 
than  either  is  a  delightfully  brilliant  Interior 
of  a  Restaurant  (133).  Mr.  Hayward  has 
one  Study  of  an  Elm  (130),  also  excellent 
in  colour.  Mr.  Muhrman,  by  working  always 
with  the  slightest  touches  of  pastel  on  an 
overwhelming  ground  of  dark-brown  paper, 
condemns  liimself  to  be  dingy,  and  these 
examples,  while  artistic,  hardly  appear 
to  us  satisfactory  as  completed  works  of 
art.  One  of  them,  Early  Spring  (26),  is 
of  unusual  delicacy  and  beauty.  On  the 
whole,  the  show  suggests  that  too  lavish 
an  opportunity  of  exhibiting  has  led  to 
overproduction. 

FLOWER  PICTURES  AT  THE  BAILLIE  GALLERY. 

An  annual  fixture  like  this,  on  the  other 
hand,  where  each  artist  contributes  but  a 
small  group  of  works,  and  has  to  stand  com- 
parisons with  a  certain  number  of  older 
pictures  borrowed  as  a  stiffening  to  the 
exhibition,  is  often  an  occasion  for  painters 
to  send  of  their  best.  The  borrowed  works 
on  the  present  occasion  are  by  Fantin 
and  Vollon,  and  (as  fine  as  either)  an 
example  —  rich  in  execution  —  of  a  very 
rare  painter,  V.  Vincelet.  The  best  con- 
temporary work  is  only  a  little  inferior  to 
these  :  .4  Nosegay,  of  incisive  brilliance,  by 
Mr.  S.  J.  Peploe ;  Boule  de  Neige  Roses, 
by  Mr.  J.  F.  W.  Hayward,  firmly  and  capably 
handled  ;  and  Cinerarias,  able  also,  but  a 
little  too  professional,  by  Mr.  J.  Hamilton 
Hay.  Most  astonishing  of  all  for  any  one 
acquainted  with  his  previous  work  is  the 
admirable  Tulips  by  Mr.  Westley  Manning. 
He  appears  to  be  less  acquainted  with 
current  tricks  for  flower  painting  than  with 
the  corresponding  recipes  for  landscape 
art.  Grappling  with  its  difficulties,  he  has 
produced  a  painting  full  of  air  and  space. 
The  table  on  which  the  flowers  are  standing 
and  the  porcelain  figures  sot  around  them, 
are  modelled  with  sympathetic  delicacy 
and  a  good  deal  of  force.  The  piece  recalls 
somewhat  the  work  of  Mr.  Steer,  but  has 
less  brilliance  and  more  intimacy.  Other 
works  deserving  mention  are  the  Chrysan- 
themums of  Mr.  H.  Mann  Livens  and  the 
water-colours  of  Mr.  Francis  James  and  Miss 
Katherine  Turner. 


EARLY    BRITISH    MASTERS. 

Kakiukn's  Portrait  of  a  Boy  (99)  and 
Constable's  Hdmingham  Ddl  (lot))  hold 
the  places  of  honour  in  this  collection  at 
Messrs.  Shepherd  Brothers'  gallon.  Tho 
former  is  well  and  sympathetically  modelled, 
only  spoilt  by  tho  too  liquid  brown  of  the 
eyeballs,  which,  by  being  the  least  bit  out 
oi  tone,  gives  a  touch  of  cheapness  to  tho 
portrait.  It  is  a  fault  so  typical  of  Raeburn 
that  his  whole-hearted  admirers  would  per 
haps  hardly  care  for  one  of  his  pictures 
which  lacked  it.     '  Helmingham  Doll  *  may 


394 


THE    ATHEN^UM 


No.  4196,  March  28,  1908 


be  praised  more  unreservedly.  It  is,  we 
think,  an  unfinished  picture,  but  most 
happily  so,  tlio  colour  being  unusually  refined 
for  Constable,  while  the  sparkling  lights  in 
its  foreground — brilliantly  managed  as  they 
always  were  in  his  hands — have  a  fine  func- 
tion in  the  design  from  the  way  in  which 
they  break  the  silvery  light  of  the  sky  by 
a  subtle  train  of  movement  into  the 
gloom  of  the  dell.  Between  this  glitter 
of  liquid  paint  and  the  crumble  of  dry  pig- 
ment which  renders  the  grassy  banks  there 
is  an  astonishing  range  and  variety  of  texture 
and  handling,  which  yet  moves  together 
easily  and  naturally.  It  is  a  work  that 
might  have  fathered  a  Barbizon  School  ; 
at  the  same  time  it  has  strong  traces  of  that 
tight  earlier  manner  which  in  Constable  was 
sometimes  so  fine  and  severe.  The  other 
landscapes  here  are  not  quite  so  rich  and 
interesting,  but  An  Old  Jetty  (127),  by  Jock 
Wilson,  is  a  clever  little  picture,  full  of  zest 
in  observation  and  resourceful  in  execution, 
while  Thomas  Barker's  Tivoli  (112)  is  tech- 
nically a  masterpiece.  Technically,  we  say, 
for  the  design  is  a  little  ornate  and  curly, 
and  we  could  have  wished  such  craftsman- 
ship had  been  expended  on  a  quieter  theme. 
Crome's  Old  Barns  (94),  remaining  from  the 
last  exhibition,  stands  comparison  with 
Constable  by  its  solemnity  and  strength. 
Francis  Wheatley's  River  Bank  (84)  might 
perhaps  be  classed  with  the  landscapes, 
and  has  some  fine  quality  of  colour  in  cer- 
tain delicate  tones  of  white  —  a  pony,  a 
ship's  sail,  and  a  sky  affectionately  painted 
with  a  soft  weak  touch.  Beneath  it  is  a 
rare  seapiece  by  Crome  (85) — a  good  sky, 
a  good  colour-scheme,  and  a  sea  rather 
rhetorical  than  observed. 

Penelope,  Lady  Herbert  (117),  a  replica, 
with  considerable  variations,  of  a  portrait 
at  Wilton,  will  exercise  critics  as  to  whether 
it  is  to  be  called  a  Van  Dyck  or  of  the  school 
of  Van  Dyck.  With  this  painter  as  with 
Rubens  the  distinction  is  somewhat  subtle, 
for  the  majority  of  then'  works  were  probably 
worked  on  more  or  less  by  assistants.  Com- 
parison with  a  photograph  of  the  Wilton 
House  picture  suggests  that  it  was  the  latter 
which  was  done  from  life,  the  face  being 
less  suave  in  drawing  than  this,  but  more 
personal.  The  present  picture  is  quite  up 
to  the  average  of  Van  Dyck's  female  por- 
traits— not  a  superb  example  of  life-like 
painting,  but  gracefully  designed  and  com- 
petently executed.  Again  in  the  domain 
of  highly  professional  portrait  painting 
is  Gerard  Honthorst's  Elizabeth,  Queen  of 
Bohemia  (106),  the  costume  and  accessories 
being  a  marvel  of  decorative  realism.  A 
portrait  of  J.  M.  W.  Turner  (120)  by  J. 
Thomas  Smith  (author  of  the  '  Book  for  a 
Rainy  Day ' )  is  at  the  opposite  extreme 
of  informal  portraiture — a  characteristic, 
by  no  means  incapable  daub  of  some  historic 
interest.  Two  little  pictures  should  also 
be  mentioned  by  Alfred  Provis  (90  and  125). 
He  was  not  a  fine  painter  of  figures,  but  he 
would  put  them  into  his  cottage  interiors, 
and  this  has  perhaps  gone  against  his  reputa- 
tion ;  his  execution,  however,  especially 
in  the  less  important  passages,  was  often 
very  serious  and  intimate,  and  he  deserves 
a  modest  niche. 


(8),  and  in  Mousehold  House  recalling 
slightly,  but  in  inferior  fashion,  the  splendid 
'  Elm '  at  the  last  Burlington  House  show. 
The  blue  -  green  distance  in  this  picture 
appears  to  be  impossible,  but  is  executed 
with  considerable  skill.  St.  Frieuz,  by 
Cazin,  is  a  characteristic  picture,  full  of 
flavour — again  subtly  false  in  its  note  of 
blue-green  in  an  atmosphere  of  mauve. 
An  uncatalogued  landscape,  Le  vieux  Pont 
de  Lirnay,  by  Maurice  Levis,  shows  great 
cleverness  in  landscape  painting,  on  the 
point  of  degenerating  into  a  trick  ;  and 
some  lamentable  smaller  pictures  by  the 
same  artist  explain  clearly  the  reasons  of 
the  decline. 


MR.    McLEAN'S    GALLERY. 

All  the  best-known  painters  of  the 
Norwich  School,  some  modern  French  work, 
and  a  large  portrait  group  by  Romney  make 
up  a  collection  which  is  not  so  important 
as  it  sounds  on  paper.  The  Romney  is  not 
a  good  one,  and  the  English  landscapes 
are  a  little  dull,  Crome  showing  somewhat 
as  a  follower  of  Ruysdael  in  A  Rustic  Bridge 


SALE. 
Messrs.  Christie  sold  on  Saturday  and  Monday 
last  the  Collection  of  Mr.  G.  R.  Burnett.  Draw- 
ings :  Turner,  Goarhausen  and  Katz  Castle,  501.  ; 
Bow-and-Arrow  Castle,  Isle  of  Portland,  1051.  ; 
Lulworth  Castle,  220?.  H.  Harpignies,  A  View 
over  a  River,  with  an  angler  in  the  foreground, 
58?.  P.  de  Wint,  An  Old  Farm  by  a  River,  with 
bridge,  571.  ;  The  Village  Inn,  73?.  ;  Newark 
Castle,  120?.  J.  S.  Cotman,  A  View  in  a  French 
Town,  with  market  figures,  71?.  D.  Cox,  A  Road 
across  a  Common,  with  a  peasant  on  horseback, 
cattle  by  a  pool,  73?.  W.  Hunt,  Primroses  and 
Birds'  Nests,  86?.  J.  Holland,  The  Entrance  to 
the  Grand  Canal,  Venice,  105?.  J.  Israels,  Gather- 
ing Potatoes,  141?.  ;  Pipering  Food,  168?.  Pic- 
tures :  F.  Brangwyn,  The  Lord  Mayor's  Show  in 
Olden  Time,  126?.  H.  Moore,  Off  the  Lizard,  a 
fresh  breeze,  131?.  Corot,  A  Woody  Landscape, 
with  a  peasant  woman  and  two  cows  on  the  bank 
of  a  river,  157?.  ;  A  View  near  the  Coast,  with 
buildings,  a  peasant  seated  in  the  foreground, 
178?.  ;  Allee  dans  le  Pare  de  Cambri,  504?.  ;  River 
Scene,  with  a  figure  in  a  punt,  evening,  231?.  ; 
Ville  d'Avray,  304?.  C.  F.  Daubigny,  View  on 
the  Coast,  273?. ;  A  Stormy  Day  on  the  Coast,  110?.; 
On  the  Oise,  157?.  ;  A  Landscape,  with  a  stream, 
evening,  157?.  ;  A  Village  on  the  Oise,  367?.  ;  A 
Coast  Scene,  with  a  bather  and  sailing-boats,  136?.  ; 
Gathering  Seaweed,  199?.  H.  Fantin-Latour,  Por- 
trait of  the  Artist's  Sister,  seated,  reading,  105?. 
H.  Harpignies,  A  Landscape,  with  a  lady  and 
child  under  some  trees,  a  river  with  boats  in  the 
background,  315?.  J.  Israels,  Prayer,  123?.  ;  An 
Old  Fisherman,  157?.  ;  An  Old  Woman,  seated, 
sewing,  210?.  ;  A  Fisherman's  Wife  and  Child,  on 
the  shore,  168?.  ;  A  Girl  at  a  Window,  126?.  J. 
Maris,  A  Landscape,  with  an  old  bridge  over  a 
canal,  168?.  ;  A  Coast  Scene,  with  stranded  boats 
and  fishermen,  262?.  ;  A  Dutch  Town  on  a  Canal, 
157?.  ;  Near  Marlotte,  France,  126?.  A.  Mauve, 
The  Bank  of  a  River,  with  horses  and  cart,  105?. 
A.  T.  J.  Monticelli,  A  Part}rof  Ladies  Embarking, 
120?.  F.  Ziem,  Sunset,  241?.  Early  English  : 
Portrait  of  a  Lady,  in  white  dress  with  pink  rib- 
bons, in  an  oval,  168?.  J.  B.  Crome,  A  Woody 
Road  Scene,  with  a  cottage  and  peasant,  110?. 


In  the  April  number  of  The  Burlington 
Magazine  Sir  Charles  Holroyd,  Sir  Walter 
Armstrong,  and  Mr.  Claude  Phillips  deal 
with  various  paintings  by  Old  Masters  ; 
while  modern  art  is  made  the  subject  of 
two  well-illustrated  articles — the  first  by 
Mr.  Charles  Ricketts  on  Puvis  de  Chavannes, 
the  second  by  Mr.  Roger  E.  Fry  on  the 
remarkable  American  painter  Albert  P. 
Ryder.  Mr.  Edward  Dillon,  in  the  first  of 
two  articles  on  the  origin  and  development 
of  Chinese  porcelain,  deals  with  the  wares 
commonly  attributed  to  the  Ming  dynasty  ; 
Mr.  E.  Alfred  Jones  describes  and  illustrates 
the  fine  silver  sacramental  plate  in  the 
English  churches  in  Holland  ;  and  Prof. 
Baldwin  Brown  discusses  the  origin  of  the 
Florentine  tower,  and  compares  its  de- 
velopment with  that  of  certain  architectural 
features  of  mediaeval  Edinburgh.  The 
editorial  article  discusses  the  use  of  profes- 
sional criticism  of  painting  with  regard  to  the 


reported  action  of  the  Old  Water-Colour 
Society.  The  twelve  full-page  plates  include 
a  coloured  reproduction  of  two  early 
examples  of  Ming  porcelain,  and  a  photo- 
gravure plate  after  '  La  Peche '  by  Puvis  de 
Chavannes.  The  offices  of  the  magazine, 
we  note,  have  been  moved  to  17,  Old 
Burlington  Street,  W. 

The  success  of  the  Exhibition  of  Fair 
Women  at  the  New  Gallery  has  induced 
the  Council  of  the  International  Society  to- 
arrange  a  second  exhibition  of  the  same 
character  next  year.  During  the  last  few 
days  several  works  have  been  added  to  this 
remarkable  collection,  which  is  to  be  closed 
at  the  end  of  the  present  month. 

Mb.  A.  J.  Finberg  has  been  chosen  by 
the  Trustees  of  the  National  Gallery  to- 
arrange  their  collection  of  Turner's  draw- 
ings. He  will  publish  in  Messrs.  Methuen's 
"  Classics  of  Art,"  a  monograph  on  the 
same  subject,  which  should  be  authorita- 
tive, and  will  include  more  than  eighty 
reproductions. 

The  Miethke  Galleby  of  Vienna  has 
recently  acquired  no  fewer  than  six  examples 
of  the  work  of  Francisco  Goya,  the  largest 
number  of  pictures  by  this  artist  in  any 
gallery  outside  Spain.  These  pictures  in- 
clude two  celebrated  portraits — that  of  the 
Matador  Pedro  Romero,  and  that  of  the 
wife  of  Cesar  Bermudez.  In  connexion 
with  these  acquisitions  the  authorities  of  the 
Miethke  Gallery  are  organizing  an  exhibi- 
tion of  Goya's  works,  to  which  a  number  of 
collectors  in  various  parts  of  Europe  have 
promised  to  contribute. 

The  lilcole  des  Beaux- Arts  has  come  in  for 
a  princely  gift  of  500,000  francs  from  Mr.  J. 
Stillman,  an  American.  It  is  the  outcome 
of  a  banquet  held  by  a  group  of  American 
architects  on  the  18th  inst.  The  gift  has 
been  sent  tlirough  M.  Jusserand,  the  French 
Ambassador  at  Washington,  the  only  con- 
dition attached  to  it  being  that  it  shall  be 
confined  to  French  architects. 

The  authorities  of  the  Muse'e  du  Luxem- 
bourg, Paris,  have  added  another  picture  by 
Henri  Le  Sidaner  to  the  collection  by  the 
purchase  of  '  La  Terrasse,'  which  figured  in 
the  Goupil  Gallery  Salon  in  1907. 
A  cobrespondent  writes  : — 
"In  Turner's  'Annual  Tour'  for  1833  there 
is  a  plate  giving  a  distant  view  of  Blois,  with 
the  town  and  castle  to  the  left,  and  the  bridge  on 
the  horizon  to  the  right.  The  plate  was  engraved 
by  R.  Brandard,  and  a  finished  water-colour  draw- 
ing of  the  same  subject  exists  among  the  works  of 
Turner  given  by  Ruskin  to  the  University  of 
Oxford.  An  oil  picture,  differing  from  the 
engraving  only  in  a  few  details  of  the  figures, 
has  recently  come  to  light,  and  is  now  in  the 
possession  of  Mr.  W.  C.  D.  Whetham,  of  Upwater 
Lodge,  Cambridge.  The  painting  is  on  a  panel, 
measuring  13 in.  by  9^  in.,  of  which  the  whole  sur- 
face is  covered. 

' '  It  would  be  interesting  to  know  whether  other 
oil  sketches  of  this  series  exist,  and  were  also 
worked  up  afterwards  into  water-colour  drawings 
for  the  engraver.  It  is  difficult  to  understand  how 
an  oil  painting  apparently  by  Turner,  of  his  best 
period  and  in  his  best  style,  should  have  been 
overlooked.  It  is  to  be  hoped  that  the  earlier 
history  of  the  picture  may  be  recovered.  There  is 
nothing  about  it  in  the  works  of  Thornbury  or 
Ruskin  or  Mr.  C.  F.  Bell." 

A  memobial  exhibition  of  the  works  of 
Augustus  Saint-Gaudens  has  been  opened 
at  the  Metropolitan  Museum  of  Art  in  New 
York  City.  Replicas  and  originals  are  shown 
of  many  of  Ins  public  monuments  and  smaller 
works,  including  the  Stevenson  memorial 
in  Edinburgh. 

The  forty -ninth  annual  adjudication  for 
the  Taylor  Art  Scholarships  and  Prizes 
took  place  last  week  in  Dublin,  the  judges 
being  Mr.  Nathaniel  Hone,  Sir  Walter  Arm- 


No.  4196,  March  28,  1908 


THE    ATHEN^UM 


395 


strong,  and  Mr.  Robert  Shore.  In  the  class 
for  painters  the  prizes  were  awarded  to 
Miss  Dorothy  Elvery,  Mr.  Bridge,  Miss  Fitz- 
gerald, and  Miss  Ball  ;  in  the  class  for 
modellers,  the  scholarship  of  50/.  was 
awarded  to  Mr.  Edwin  McGowan  ;  and  two 
prizes  for  optional  work  to  Mr.  McGowan 
and  Miss  Beatrice  Elvery. 

The  "  Graphische  Gessellschaft  "  intends 
to  reproduce  the  '  Edelstein '  of  Ulrich 
Bonar,  printed  in  1460  by  Albert  Pfister. 
The  phototype  reproduction  from  the  unique 
copy  in  the  Royal  Library  of  Berlin  will  be 
made  by  Albert  Frisch  of  that  city.  Sub- 
scriptions may  be  sent  up  to  May  1st  to 
Bruno  Cassirer,  Derfflingerstrasse  16,  Berlin. 
The  price  will  be  30  marks  ;  the  edition  will 
be  limited,  and  only  undertaken  if  there  are 
sufficient  subscribers. 

An  interesting  catalogue  of  etchings  and 
engravings,  entirely  the  work  of  Wenceslaus 
Hollar,  has  been  issued  by  Messrs.  Hodgson 
in  connexion  with  a  sale  on  Tuesday  next. 
The  collection  comprises  upwards  of  1,500 
examples  of  this  well-known  engraver. 

Messrs.  Glendining  &  Co.  included  in 
their  sale  of  medals  on  Tuesday  last  a 
Victoria  Cross  and  Indian  Mutiny  Medal 
for  the  relief  of  Lucknow  and  Delhi,  won  by 
Corporal  Goat,  9th  Lancers,  6th  March, 
1858,  61/.,  and  a  naval  medal  for  boat  service, 
July  7th,  1809,  and  gold  medal  from  Pope 
Innocent  XL  to  Commander  W.  Allen,  57/. 

The  Antiquary  for  April  will  include, 
among  other  articles,  the  following :  an 
historical  paper  on  '  No.  277,  Gray's  Inn 
Road  :  a  Building  of  Many  Associations,' 
by  Mr.  Aleck  Abrahams  ;  '  Sundials,'  Part  I., 
by  Dr.  A.  C.  Fryer,  illustrated  ;  '  The 
Antiquity  of  Grimes's  Graves,'  by  Mr.  W.  G. 
Clarke  ;  '  East  and  West  Twyford,  Middle- 
sex,' by  Mrs.  Basil  Holmes  ;  '  Some  Hour- 
Glass  Stands,'  by  Mr.  W.  B.^  Redfern,  illus- 
trated by  the  author  ;  a  description  of  a 
recent  '  Exhibition  of  Feminine  Bibelots  in 
Rome,'  by  Miss  E.  C.  Vansittart  ;  and  a  short 
discussion,  illustrated,  of  '  The  Arms  on 
Rahere's  Tomb  in  St.  Bartholomew  the 
Great,'  by  Mr.  J.  Tavenor- Perry. 


EXHIBITIONS. 
Sat.  (March  281. — Portraits  and  Pictures  of  Esypt.  India,  and  South 
Africa,  by  M.  F.  Le  Quesne.  Fine- Art  Society 
—       Water-Colours  by  Six  Edinburgh  Artists,   Messrs.  Connell's 
Gallery. 
Wed.     Royal    Amateur   Society's   Annual    Exhibition.  Press   View, 

Speaker's  House,  Palace  of  Westminster. 
Sat.   (April  41.— Ridley  Art  Club,  Twenty-Second  Exhibition,    New- 
Gallery. 


MUSIC 


OUR  LIBRARY  TABLE. 
Great  Musicians.  By  Ernest  Oldmeadow. 
(E.  Grant  Richards.) — Our  author  in  his 
Preface  states  that,  although  writing  for 
general  readers,  he  has  not  hesitated  to 
■explain  certain  technical  points  in  popular 
language.  For  instance,  he  shows  how  the 
interval  of  the  major  third  came  to  be 
dubbed  a  discord  ;  and  how  it  wandered 
for  over  a  thousand  years  "  like  a  scape- 
goat witli  a  curso  upon  its  head."  With 
referenco  to  Gregorian  modes,  however,  it 
would  surely  have  been  bettor  to  explain 
(and  this  could  easily  have  been  done) 
that  the  Greek  namas  Dorian,  Phrygian,  and 
Lydian  in  the  Gregorian  modes  did  not 
apply  to  the  same  octave-systems  as  they 
did  in  Greek  music.  Short  accounts  of 
great  musicians  are  of  ton  of  a  gossipy, 
anecdotal  character  ;  but  Mr.  Oldmeadow 
has  really  written  instructive,  and  at  timos 
critical  notices.  Ho  believes  that  the  time 
has  come  for  "  a  popular  discovery  of  tho 
music  made  between  tho  birth  of  Queen 
Elizabeth  and  the  death  of  Queen  Anne  "  ; 


until,  however,  the  music  for  the  lute 
written  during  the  second  half  of  the  six- 
teenth century  is  more  fully  known  and  acces- 
sible, no  popular  discovery  is  likely  to  be 
made.  In  speaking  of  additional  accom- 
paniments to  '  The  Messiah '  he  says  that 
it  is  "  only  on  paper  that  Handel's  orches- 
tration looks  bald."  But  this  to  a  great 
extent  is  owing  to  the  fact  that  only  a  bare 
sketch  was  given  by  the  composer  of  his 
harpsichord  and  organ  parts — important 
features  of  his  orchestration.  Without  some 
so-called  "  additional  "  accompaniments  it 
would  also  sound  bald  in  performance.  We 
have  noticed  a  few  statements  which  are 
open  to  question,  but  the  volume  as  a  whole 
is  both  pleasing  and  useful. 


iJlusiral  <5osstp. 

The  Capet  Quartet  appeared  at  the 
Broadwood  Concert  last  Thursday  week. 
They  gave  a  finished  performance  of  Beet- 
hoven's Quartet  in  c  major,  Op.  59,  No.  3, 
though  at  times  it  was  a  shade  too  precise  ; 
with  Debussy's  Quartet  they  seemed  more 
in  sympathy.  The  artistic  singing  of  a 
group  of  Liedcr  by  Miss  Susan  Metcalfe  de- 
serves mention  ;  the  delightful  ■  Fantoches  ' 
of  Debussy  was  encored. 

Haydn  novelties  are  in  vogue.  A  '  Di- 
vertimento '  was  recently  produced  at 
Queen's  Hall  under  Mr.  Henry  J.  Wood's 
direction.  Yesterday  week,  at  a  pianoforte 
recital  at  the  Guildhall  School  of  Music  by 
pupils  of  Mr.  John  Francis  Barnett,  a  first 
performance  was  given  of  one  of  two  sonatas 
composed  by  Haydn  in  London,  and 
dedicated  to  Mrs.  Bartolozzi.  The  one  in 
question  is  in  the  key  of  c,  and  it  is  interest- 
ing not  only  as  music,  but  also  from  the 
fact  that  it  shows  the  influence  of  Clementi 
in  the  matter  of  technique.  The  work 
was  well  performed  by  Miss  Beatrice  Dunn. 

The  final  concert  of  a  series  arranged  by 
the  Strings  Club  was  given  at  the  Salle 
Erard  last  Saturday  afternoon.  The  ex- 
cellent programme  included  Brahms' s 
Clarinet  Quintet  (Op.  115),  Beethoven's 
Quartet  in  c  minor  (Op.  18,  No.  4),  and 
Schumann's  Pianoforte  Quintet  in  E  flat. 
Not  only  skill,  but  also  intelligence  and 
refined  feeling  were  displayed  in  the  inter- 
pretation of  these  works  by  Messrs.  Alfred 
Gibson,  H.  Wynn  Reeves,  Alfred  Hobday, 
W.  E.  Whitehouse,  Charles  Draper  (clarkiet), 
and  Herbert  Fryer  (pianist). 

The  third  of  Herr  Ferencz  Hegedus's 
subscription  concerts  at  Bechstein  Hall 
took  the  form  of  a  violin  recital.  The  per- 
formance by  the  accomplished  Hungarian 
of  Mozart's  Third  Concerto,  in  g  major, 
was  animated  and  sympathetic,  the  tone 
being  pure  and  unforced,  while  the  execu- 
tion left  nothing  to  be  desired.  A  fine 
'  Chaconne '  by  Vitali  was  played  with  the 
needful  breadth  and  dignity,  and  the  calls 
for  feeling  were  well  met.  Herr  Hegediis 
also  included  in  his  programme  the  Adagio 
from  Richard  Strauss' s  Concerto  in  d  major 
and  the  Prelude  from  Christian  Sinding's 
Suite  in  A  minor. 

The  Societe  de  Concerts  d' Instruments 
Anciens  gave  a  performance  at  Bechstein  Hall 
on  Wednesday  evening.  The  instruments 
consist  of  a  quartet  of  viols,  played  by  MM. 
Edouard  Celli  (quinton),  Henri  Casadesus 
(violo  d' amour).  Marcel  Casadesus  (viole  de 
pimbo),  and  Maurice  Devilliers  (basso  de 
viole),  witli  M.  Alfred  Casella  at  the  harp- 
sichord. It  was  the  first  nppearanco  of  the 
Societe  in  London,  and  tho  success  they 
achieved  by  their  skilful  and  highly  artistic 
rendering  of  ensemble  works,  probablyknown 
only    to     specialists,    was     fully    deserved. 


Monteclair's  Divertissement,  '  Les  Plaisirs 
champetres,'  and  Bruni's  Second  Symphony, 
both  for  viols  and  harpsichord,  proved  de- 
lightful, the  former  being  exceedingly  quaint, 
A  Suite  by  Lorenziti  for  viole  d'  amour, 
played  by  M.  Henri  Casadesus,  created 
special  enthusiasm.  These  artists  give  a 
second  concert  next  Wednesday  with  another 
interesting  programme,  and  we  may  safely 
predict  for  them  a  crowded  hall  and  another 


success. 


PERFORMANCES  NEXT  WEEK. 
Sunday  Concert  Society.  3.30,  Queen's  Hall 
Concert.  3  30.  Albert  Hall. 

National  Sunday  Leacue  Concert,  7,  Queen's  Hall. 
Miss  May  Harrison's  Violin  Recital,  3.  Bechstein  Hall. 
Miselia  Elman's  Orchestral  Concert.  8,  Queen's  Hall 
Mr.  Herbert  Fryer's  Pianoforte  Recital.  3,  Steinway  Hall 
Afternoon  with  Brahms.  4 .30.  Leiehton  House 

—  Mr.  F.  Brandon's  Pianoforte  Recital,  8.15,  .Eolian  Hall 

—  Miss  Frida  Dancyger's  Vocal  Recital.  8.1S.  Steinway  Hall 

—  New  Symphony  Orchestra.  8.13,  Queen's  Hall. 


Six. 

Mox. 
Ties. 


Wed. 

Tucks, 


Fhi. 
SaT. 


Signor  Arneo  Seratoe  Violin  Recital.  8.15.  Bechstein  Hall 

Madame  Frickenhaus's  Concert.  3.  Bechstein  Hall 

London  Choral  Society.  8.  Queen's  Hall 

SocieWde  Concerts  d'Instruments  Anciens,  8,  BechsteinHall 

Miss  Kathleen  Purcell's  Harp  Recital.  3,  Bechstein  Hall 

Mane  \  alerie  s  Concert.  3.  Steinway  Hall 

Hugo  Heinz's  Vocal  Recital.  3.15.  .Eolian  Hall 

Miss  Pu  f  hnstnin's  Violin  Recital.  8.  Bechstein  Hall 

Royal  Choral  Society,  a  Albeit  H.ill 

Mr.  Plunket  Greene's  Vocal  Recital.  3 .30.  .Eolian  H  ill 

London  Trio  Subscription  Concert.  B.S0,  .Eolian  Hall 

Chappell's  Ballad  Concert,  2.30,  Queen's  Hall 

Mr.  Frederic  Lamond's  Chopin  Recital.  3.  Bechstein  Hall 

Mr.  Edward  Mason's  Choir,  S.15,  Queen's  Hall 


DRAMA 


THE    WEEK. 
Playhouse. — Marjory  Strode  :  a  Comedy 

in  Four  Acts.     By  A.  E.  W.  Mason. 
In    making    his    first    attempt    to    write 
directly  for  the  theatre  Mr.  Mason  seems 
to   have  set  himself  to  hit  public   taste 
rather  than  to  give  the  best  that  is  in 
him.     English   playgoers,    he   appears   to 
have  argued,  do  not  want  serious  questions 
of  conduct  treated  on  the  stage,  nor  do 
they  wish  to  be  harrowed  by  scenes  of 
poignant    emotion ;      they    prefer    some 
pretty  story  of  sentiment,  with  a  setting 
that    is    picturesque,    and    just    enough 
excitement   and   humour   to   redeem   the 
old   love-motive   from   tameness.     Hence 
perhaps  may  be  explained  the  fact  that 
his  comedy  is  by  no  means  representative 
of  the  author  of   '  The  Four  Feathers.' 
As  a  novelist,  Mr.  Mason  has  a   capacity 
for  elaborating  emotional  situations,  and 
getting    from    them    their    full    dramatic 
value.     Now  the  story  of  '  Marjory  Strode' 
may  be  charming,  but  it  is  certainly  not 
strong ;     its    love-scenes,    too.    may    be 
gracefully    written,    but    they    are    really 
much    ado    about    very    little.     Marjory 
herself    is    a    sweet    Devonshire    girl    of 
Napoleonic  days,  whose  family  try  to  force 
her  into  marriage   with  a  loutish  cousin, 
though  she  has  fallen  in  love  with  a  French 
prisoner  of  war  ;    and  the  interest  of  the 
play  turns  on  the  attempts  of  the  heroine 
and  her  crafty  old  uncle  to  out-manoeuvre 
one  another.     Such   slight   plot  as  exists 
is   developed   in    the    leisurely   style     of 
fiction,    not    with    the   concentration   de- 
manded   by   drama.      Moreover,    though 
there  are  many  pleasing  Bcenes  of  comedy, 
they  do  not    help   the   play   along  ;     and 
throughout   the  author   is   too   apt    to   let 
his  characters  explain  themselves  by  talk 
rather    than    action.     To    make    matters 
worse,  the  emotional  side  of  the  piece  is 
spoilt,    because    the    heroine.    Miss    Nina 
Serening,  while  engaging  enough  in  tin- 
comedy    scenes,    cannot    express    anguish 
or  intensity  of  feeling.     Not  all  the  fervour 


T  II  E     ATHEN^UM 


No.  4196,  March  28,  1908 


of  Mr.  Ainley'a  French  offioer  <»r  the 
sincerity  <>f  bifl  love-making,  oao  make 
amends  for  this  fatal  mistake  in  casting 
the  plav  :  and  though  -Mr.  Cyril  Maude 
and  Mr.  Bishop  arc  delightful  as  the 
heroine's  cantankerous  uncle  and  father, 
and  Mi.  Kenneth  Douglas  adds  one  more 
to  his  many  successful  portraits  of  the 
English  hobbledehoy,  their  parts,  after 
all.  are  subordinate. 


Shatfesbtjry. — The  Grand  Guignol  Com- 
pany in  '  Rosalie, '  '  Le  Iiouge  est  Mis,' 
■  Led  Xuits  du  Hampton  •Club,''  '  I'n 
Peu  de  Musique.'  and  '  UAngoisse.' 

On  the  whole,  the  visit  of  the  Grand 
Guignol  company  is  a  disappointment. 
The  "  thrills  "  promised  from  the  more 
sensational  pieces  were  only  realized  at 
most  in  the  case  of  one  of  the  three  dramas 
of  horror  selected  for  the  first  week's 
programme,  and  the  company's  greatest 
success  was  made  in  one  of  their  lighter 
plays,  '  Un  Peu  de  Musique,'  with  which 
Mr.  Tree  lias  already  familiarized  Lon- 
doners under  its  English  name  of  '  The 
Van  Dyck.'  In  this  boisterous  farce 
M.  Bussy  assumes  the  part  of  the  burglar 
who  pretends  to  be  a  lunatic,  and  though 
he  does  not  stir  the  imagination  as  did 
Mr.  Tree,  he  proves  himself  a  comedian 
of  a  robust  and  masterful  type.  '  Rosalie,' 
however,  a  comedietta  which  shows  a 
servant-girl  "  rounding  "  on  her  tyrannical 
master  and  mistress,  and  forcing  her  own 
terms  from  them  in  an  emergency,  seems 
altogether  too  slight  an  entertainment 
for  a  stage  so  large  as  that  of  the  Shaftes- 
bury. In  this  circumstance — the  vast- 
ness  of  the  London  theatre  as  compared 
with  the  tiny  house  in  which  the  Grand 
Guignol's  productions  are  given  in  Paris 
— may  perhaps  be  found  the  reason  why 
the  pieces  designed  to  shock  our  nerves 
failed  in  the  main  to  do  so.  The  Shaftes- 
bury audience,  possibly,  is  too  far  away 
from  the  stage  to  be  affected  by  the 
atmosphere  of  the  plays.  However  that 
may  be,  '  Le  Rouge  est  Mis  ' — a  study  in 
cynicism,  which  shows  a  dying  jockey 
at  a  race-meeting  gradually  deserted  by 
his  friends  and  medical  attendants,  and 
even  by  his  sweetheart — so  eager  are  they 
all  to  make  money — leaves  us  strangely 
cold  instead  of  pitiful.  Again,  Stevenson's 
story  of  the  Suicide  Club,  which  has 
thrilled  so  many  readers,  turns  out,  as 
adapted  for  the  stage,  nothing  short  of 
preposterous.  It  is  impossible  to  work 
up  any  feeling  over  the  fate  of  the  jour- 
nalist-hero ;  not  for  one  moment  does  the 
play  create  any  sense  of  illusion.  Nor  is 
M.  Bussj  acting  here  of  the  same  quality 
as  his  performance  in  '  Un  Pen  de  Musique  ; 
obviously,  he  is  seen  to  most  advantage  in 
comic  vein. 

The  piece  which  does  produce  an 
impression  of  the  uncanny  and  the  horrible 
is  '  L'Angoisse,'  a  gruesome  little  studio- 
drama,  wherein  a  hypnotized  model  recon- 
structs the  history  of  a  crime,  and  dis- 
covers tin-  corpse  of  a  murdered  woman 
within  a  column  of  plaster.  Even  in  this 
instance  the  final  tableau,  which  reveals 
some    tori    of    figure    inside   the   column, 


spoils  by  its  materialism  the  effect  of 
what  has  gone  before,  and  leaves  us 
wondering  whether  it  is  not  the  fine  per- 
formance of  the  actress  who  plays  the 
model,  rather  than  any  merit  of  the  piece, 
which  has  carried  us  away. 


Dramatic  (Dossip. 

Two  new  Irish  plays  and  a  translation  of 
Sudormann's  '  Teja '  wore  presented  last 
week  by  the  Irish  National  Theatre  Society 
at  tho  Abbey  Theatre,  Dublin.  '  Teja,'  now 
for  tho  first  time  translated  into  English  by 
Lady  Gregory,  is  a  one-act  piece  which  deals 
with  an  incident  in  the  Gothic  invasion  of 
Italy  in  the  reign  of  Justinian.  The  heroism 
of  the  Gothic  prince  Teja,  who  courts  deatli 
rather  than  submit  to  the  ignominy  of  sur- 
render, was  finely  portrayed  by  Mr.  Kerrigan, 
in  whom  the  Abbey  company  have  found  a 
valuable  rocruit.  Miss  O'Neill's  presentation 
of  Bathilda,  the  Queen,  was  also  worthy  of 
high  praise,  and  the  staging  of  the  piece  was 
admirable. 

The  second  play,  '  The  Piedish,'  by  Mr. 
George  Fitzmaurice,  whose  first  work,  '  The 
Country  Dressmaker,'  was  performed  a  short 
time  ago,  is  a  peasant  comedy  with  an 
underlying  note  of  tragedy — the  tragedy  of 
the  artist  overtaken  by  death  with  his  life's 
work  unfinished.  The  dialogue  is  good,  and 
the  characters  true  to  type. 

The  third  play,  '  The  Golden  Helmet,'  by 
Mr.  W.  B.  Yeats,  is  somewhat  misleadingly 
described  as  an  "  heroic  farce."  It  is  a  piece 
of  ironic  realism,  and  shows  the  author's 
capacit}'  to  deal  with  life  in  a  vivid  and 
direct  manner  while  preserving  the  heroic 
and  poetic  feeling  which  characterized  his 
earlier  work.  The  period  is  that  of  the  Red 
Branch  of  Ulster,  and  all  the  incidents  are 
derived  from  the  Cuchulain  Saga.  Mr. 
Yeats  has  chosen  the  moment  of  the  feast 
when  the  "  Red  Man  "  appears  to  claim  his 
wager,  and  Cuchulain,  kneeling  to  receive 
death,  receives  instead  the  Golden  Helmet, 
symbol  of  his  self-sacrifice  and  fitness  for 
leadership.  This  little  piece  is  full  of  inci- 
dent, and  the  action  moves  quickly  to  the 
denouement.  It  was  acted  with  much  spirit 
by  the  Abbey  company. 


To  Correspondents.— R.  S.—  G.  B.— E.D.— W.  F.  P.— 
Received. 

C.  J.  II. -Many  thanks. 

G.  J.  T.— Not  suitable  for  us. 

No  notice  can  be  taken  of  anonymous  communications. 

WE  cannot  undertake  to  reply  to  inquiries  concerning  the 
appearance  of  reviews  of  books. 

WE  do  not  undertake  to  give  the  value  of  books,  china, 
pictures,  ftc. 


INDEX  TO  ADVERTISERS. 

— •♦ — 

paok 

Authors'  agents      370 

Batskord 398 

BELL  &  SONS 396 

Blackwood  A  Sons 3 "7 

Cambridge  University  Press 400 

Catalogues       370 

Educational 369 

Exhibitions       3fi9 

Griffin  a  go 371 

Harper  &  Bros 37-2 

Hurst  A  bi.ackktt 374 

Insurance  companies        898 

Lectures Mi 

Locrwooo  A  sons B7! 

Low  &  Co 8M 

MACMILLAN  <v.   CO 374 

Magazines,  Ac 3~o 

Miscellaneous 870 

N\sn  39S 

Notes  and  Queries 398 

Printers 870 

Provident  Institutions 369 

Richards 878 

Bales  bt  Auction      

Situations  vacant 36» 

Situations  Wanted 370 

SMITH,    Kl.DER  A  CO 37'.! 

SOCIETA  TlPOfJRAFICO-EDITRICE  Na/.IONAI.E    ..  ..  399 

Type- writers,  &c     ..       ..       _       3"o 


MESSRS.  BELL'S 

SCIENCE     BOOKS. 


Demy  8v<>,  7S.    6d.  net. 

DARWINISM     TO-DAY. 

By  VERNON   L.  KELLOGG, 

Professor  in  Leland  Stanford  Junior  University. 
"  The  volume  before  us  is  thorough,  judicial, 
modest,  and  of  the  greatest  value  Iwth  to  the 
student  and  the  layman  It  will  deeply  interest 
those  who  wish  to  know  how  the  particular 
Darwinian  explanation  of  the  factors  of  organic 
evolution  fares  now,  after  half  a  century  of  the 
fiercest  controversy  and  most  critical  examination 
to  which  any  theory  has  ever  been  exposed." 

Morning  Po>-t. 
Prospectus  on  application. 

Tenth   Edition,  Revised  throughout,  9d.  net. ; 
or  in  cloth,  interleaved,  Is.  3d.  net. 

THE    LONDON    CATALOGUE 
OF  BRITISH  PLANTS. 

Part  I.  containing  the  British  Pfuenogamia, 

Filiccs,  Equisetace;v,  Lycopodiacete  Selaginellace:iv, 

Marsileaceaj,  and  Characea\ 


NOW  READY.     Crown  8vo,  2s.  6d. 

A  LABORATORY  OUTLINE 
OF    GENERAL    CHEMISTRY. 

By  ALEXANDER  SMITH, 

B.Sc.  Ph.D.  F.R.S.E.,  Professor  of  Chemistry 

in  the  University  of  Chicago,  Author  of 

'Introduction   to  General   Inorganic    Chemistry.' 

Prospectus  on  application. 

BY    THE    SAME    AUTHOR. 
Demy  8vo,  7s.  6d.  net. 

AN  INTRODUCTION  TO 

GENERAL 

INORGANIC    CHEMISTRY. 

Prof.  James  Walker: — "In  my  opinion  it  is 
infinitely  superior  to  any  book  of  similar  size  and 
purpose  at  present  available  in  English,  and  only 
needs  to  be  known  in  order  to  have  a  wide 
circulation." 

Prospectus  on  application. 


SECOND  EDITION,  demy  8vo,  6s.  net. 

ELECTRONS; 

or,  the  Nature  and  Properties  of  Negative 

Electricity. 

By  Sir  OLIVER  LODGE,  D.Sc.  F.R.S. 

"  Sir  Oliver  Lodge  has  done  a  good  service  for 

the  layman  in  writing  this  admirable  book,  which 

is  a  brief,  accurate,  and  reasonably  simple  account 

of  tho  electron  theory  and  the  leading  experiments 

on  which  it  is  based,  divested,  as  far  as  possible, 

of  mathematical  language." — Manchester  Guardian. 

Prospectus  on  application. 


NEW  AND  CHEAPER   REVISED    EDITION. 
With  numerous  Illustrations.    DemySvo,  5s.  net. 

TURBINES. 

By  W.  H.  STUART  GARNETT. 
"We  have  here  a  treatise  which  will  be 
appreciated  by  the  engineer,  and  yet  is  easily 
understood  by  the  general  reader ;  a  work 
admirably  compiled,  characterized  by  lucidity  of 
expression  from  cover  to  cover,  and  yet  a  text-book 

should    prove   most    valuable   now    that   the 

turbine  is  being  installed   so  extensively   in    His 
Majesty's  ships  and  in  the  mercantile  marine." 

Daily  Telegraph. 

London:     GEORGE     BELL    &    SONS, 
York  House,  Portugal  Street,  W.C. 


No.  4196,  March  28,  1908 


THE    ATHENiEUM 


397 


BLACKWOODS'    NEW    BOOKS, 


MRS.    THURSTON'S  B  LACKWOOD 


NEW    NOVEL. 

THE  FLY 

ON  THE  WHEEL. 

"  It  is  as  earnest  and  attractive  a  piece  of  work 
as  has  come  from  pen  of  novelist  during  the  past 
few  }-ears.  It  will  enhance  her  reputation.  She 
has  dealt  deftly  with  a  poignant  human  prohlem, 

and  found  the  answer  in  the  only  artistic  way 

A  triumph." — Daily  Chronicle. 

"Mrs.  Thurston  has  gifts,  and  has  made  good 
use  of  them  in  this  story." — Daily  Mail. 

"By  far  the  most  clever  and  though tf ul  novel 
that  Mrs.  Thurston  has  written  since  the  days  of 
'John  Chilcote,  M.P.'" — Standard. 

"Intense   and  nervous   from  first    to    last 

Cannot  fail  to  enhance  the  reputation  of  the  author 
of  'John  Chilcote,  M.P.'" — Scotsman. 


THIRD    EDITION. 


EDWARD    NOBLE'S 

THE 

GRAIN  CARRIERS. 

1 '  His  descriptions  of  the  sea  are  done  with  a 
master  hand." — Daily  Mail. 

"  May  be  described  as  '  The  Jungle'  of  the  sea." 

Daily  Telegraph. 
"  A  real  book  from  beginning  to  end." 

Times  Lit.  Supplement. 
"  An  enthralling  story." — Daily  Graphic. 
"Eloquent,  picturesque,  dramatic." 

Manchester  Dispatch. 
"  Moving  and  enthralling." — Glasgow  Xe>rs. 
"A  very  notable  work." — Morning  Leader. 
"Throbs  and  pulsates  with  the  life  of  which  he 
tells." — Manchester  City  News. 

"  The  author  paints  so  vividly  that  we  are  com- 
pletely fascinated." — Westminster  Gazette. 
"  Mercilessly  vivid." — Dundee  Advertiser. 
"It  is  years  since  we  have  read  anything  more 
convincing. " — Sheffield  Telegraph. 

"Has  the  very  spirit  of  the  sea  in  every  page." 

Observer. 
"An   epic   of  heroism,  with   a   dirge-like  note 
running  through  its  splendid  texture." 

Daily  Chronicle. 

A  CURTAIN  OF  CLOUD. 

By  Major  C.  SILLERY.     6s. 

"  Worth  reading  on  account  of  the  truth  and 
strength  of  local  colour."  "A  delightfully  bright 
and  captivating  story."     "  A  notable  novel." 


A  MODERN  ANTIQUE. 

By  RICCARDO  NOBILI.     6* 

"  The  romance  as  it  unfolds  increases  in  fascina- 
tion." 

INDIA'S    SAINT    AND     THE 
VICEROY. 

By  S.  S.  THORBURN.     6s. 
"A  clever  and  readable  novel." — Scotsman. 


FOR    APRIL    CONTAINS:— 
Probationary.  By  Edmund  Candler. 

Some  Unpublished  Papers  at 

Cranborne.  By  Algernon  Cecil. 

Lord  Cromer  and  Egypt. 

A  Lion-Hunt  in  the  Eastern  Transvaal. 

Memories  of  London  in  the 

'Forties. — III.  By  David  Masson. 

The  Fly  on  the  Wheel.— The  End. 

By  Katherine  Cecil  Thurston. 

Drake :  An  English  Epic.— Book  YII. 

Continued.  By  Alfred  Notes. 

Fool  Gunnery  in  the  Nayy. — III. 

By  St.  Barbara. 

America :  An  Epilogue. 

By  Charles  Whibley. 

Musings  without  Method. 

Tho  Philosophy  of  the  Mandate— 'The 
Mind  of  the  Country ' — The  Example  of 
Athens  —  The  Lottery  of  Government  — 
The  Conversation  of  Coleridge  —  His 
Political  Wisdom — A  Monument  to  Shake- 
speare. 

The  Licensing  Bill. 


NEXT  MONDAY. 

MEMOIR    OF 

THE    LIFE    AND    MILITARY 
SERVICES  OF 

VISCOUNT    LAKE. 

BY 

Col.     HUGH    PEARSE,    D.S.O. 

15s.  net. 


POEMS. 

By  DULC1BELLA  ETHEL  GREY. 

With  a  Prefatory  Note  by  H.  CHOLMONDELEY 
PENNELL. 

Beautifully  Ixiund  in  half-vellum,  7*.  W.  net, 
and  full  vellum,  12<*.  (k/.  net. 


PUBLISHED    THIS     DAY. 

GARCIA 
THE  CENTENARIAN. 

AND  HIS  TIMES. 

BY 

M.  STERLING  MACKINLAY,  M.A. 

15s.  net. 

RICHARD 

LANGHORNE. 

THE  STORY  OF  A  SOCIALIST. 

BY 

ELLIS  ASHMEAD-BARTLETT. 

68. 

NOW    READY. 
CLANBRAE:    a   Golfing   IdylL 

By  PENTLAND  PEILE.     6s. 

"A    most  delightfully  humorous    book well 

told,  and  makes  altogether  pleasant  reading." 

Manchester  Courier. 

A  PROPHET'S   REWARD. 

By  E.  H.  STRAIN.     6s. 

"  The  story  is  the  strongest  which  its  author  ha* 
yet  produced." — Scots)iux7i. 

GILBERT    HERMER. 

By  CHARLES  MASEFIELI).     6s. 

THE  TRANCE. 

By  RACHEL  SWETE  MACNAMARA.     8* 

*'  A    book    to    read,   for    the    flavour    of    it    is 
pleasant." — Tittu ". 


WILLTAM  BLACKWOOD  &  SONS,  Edinburgh  and  London. 


THE    ATHENAEUM 


No.  4196,  March  28,  1908 


MR.  EVELE1GH  NASH'S  NEW  BOOKS 

THE  LAST  OP  THE  BEAUX. 

SOW  READY.  .       M 

With  nmarooa  illustrations.    Demy  Bto,  10s.  net. 

BEAU  BRUMMELL  AND  HIS  TIMES. 
By  not;  Kit  BODTBT  Di:  MONYKL. 
To  read  the  .story  of  Bru  in  tin  lis  Life  is  to  become  acquaint*  d 
with  a  personality  unique  in  (he  annals  of  Dandyism.  This 
delightful  volume,  written  in  an  entertaining  and  vivacious 
manner,  gains  an  added  charm  by  the  illuminating  and 
picturesque  introductory  chapter  on  'DRESS  ASD  THE 
DAS  DIES,'  which  MART  CRAVES,  the  Author  of 
'Famous  Beauties,'  has  written. 

SOW  READY. 

THE  DIARY  OF  A  LOOKER-ON. 

By  C.  LEWIS  HIND.    Large  crown  8vo,  7s.  6d. 


LIFE  IN  THE  GOLDEN  WEST. 
SOW  READY.    Completely  Revised,  with  New  Chapters 
milled.    With  Illustrations.    Demy  8vo,  7s.  6d.  net. 
SPORT    AND    LIFE    ON    THE 
PACIFIC  SLOPE. 
ByHORACK  ANNESLET  YACHELL. 
Mr.    Vachell's    reminiscences   of   California    are    of  real 
interest  and  value.    For  seventeen  years  he  studied  the  con- 
ditions of  life  awl  enjoyed  the  sjiort  out  West.     He  gives  us  in 
this  entertaining  volume  a  vivid  picture  of  the  country,  and 
useful  hints  to  intending  sportsmen. 

AN  IMPORTANT  WORK  ON 

VOLTAIRE,    MONTESQUIEU    AND 

ROUSSEAU    IN    ENGLAND. 

By    J.    CHURTOX    COLLINS,   Professor   of    English 

Literature  in  the  University  of  Birmingham. 

Illustrated.    Demy  8vo,  7s.  6d.  net. 

Prof.  Churton  Collins  throws  much  new  light  upon  singu- 

laiii/  interesting  episodes  connected  with  the  visits  to  England 

of  these  great  French  men  of  Utters. 

IMPORTANT    NEW    NOVELS. 

Crown  Svo,  6s.  each. 
.YOlf  READY. 

MR    FORD  MADOX  HUEFFER'S  SPLENDID 

NEW   HISTORICAL  ROMANCE. 

THE     FIFTH     QUEEN     CROWNED. 

Mr,  Hueffer's  reputation  as  a  writer  of  historical  novels  is 
international.  In  his  picturesque  and  brilliant  style  he 
draws  to  a  worthy  conclusion  the  fascinating  study  of 
Katherine  Howard,  and  the  reader  cannot  fail  to  follow  with 
deepest  interest  the  closing  events  in  the  life  of  this  "beauti- 
ful" heroine,  who  with  a  light  step  and  a  smile  on  her  lips 
icent  to  the  tragic  fulfilment  of  her  destiny. 

PEDLAR'S     PACK. 

By  OLIYER  ONIONS,  Author  of  '  Admiral  Eddy,'  Ac. 


IS    NOW    READY    OF 

THE    CROSS. 


SECOND    LARGE    EDITION 
THE    THIEF    ON 

By  Mrs.  HAROLD  GORST,  Author  of  '  This  Our  Sister,'  &c. 
This  is  a  trenchant  and  realistic  story  of  slum  life — far 
more  powerful  in  its  conception  and  definite  in  its  purpose 
than  anything  .Mrs.  Gorst  has  yet  written. 

SECOND  EDITION  NOW  READY  OF 
THE  MILLIONAIRE  GIRL.    By  "Rita,"  Author 
of  '  Peg  the  Rake,'  &c. 
"  Equal  to  anything  the  author  has  done." 

Manchester  Courier. 


A  FINE  NEW  NOYEL  BY  THE  AUTHOR  OF 
'THE  WONDROUS  WIFE.' 

THE    KISS   OF   HELEN. 

By   CHARLES    MARRIOTT,   Author  of 
'The  Wondrous  Wife,'  &c. 
"The  best  novel  Mr.    Marriott  has  written  since  'The 
■Column.'  " — Daily  Graphic. 

A  NOYEL  ON  DIYORCE  AND  MRS.  GRUNDY. 
BY  THE  AUTHOR  OF  'AS  IN  A  LOOKING  GLASS.' 
THE  DEAN  AND  HIS   DAUGHTER.    By  F.  C. 

Philips,  Author  of  '  As  in  a  Looking  Glass.' 
A  powerful  novel  illustrating  the   cruelty  with  which  the 
world  treats  a  divorced  woman. 

SECOND  LARGE  EDITION  OF 

THE   WORST    MAN    IN   THE    WORLD.      By 
FRANK  Richardson,  Author  of  '283f>  Mayfair,'  Ac. 
"  As  full  of  witticisms  and  as  irrepressible  as  ever." 

Times. 
"  Extremely  funny. .  ..a  feast  of  fun  and  frolic." 

Daily  Telegraph. 
"Once  asain,  and  more,  we  think,  than  ever,  he  will  be 
found  irresistible."— Pall  Mall  Gazette. 

MARK    ALSTON.     By  J.   A.   C.   SYKES,    Author    of 
'  Algernon  C'asierton.' 

'  .  *  This  novel  is  an  impression  ofi  cents  in  the  life  of 

John  Raskin. 

"  Neatly  written  and  interesting. . .  .thoughtful,  graceful, 

ml   always  earnest...  the  book    cannot    fail    to    attract 

readers  interested  in  the  personality  which  it  depicts  bo 

sympathetically."— Scotsman. 


IMPORTANT    NOTICE    TO    LECTURERS. 


B.  T.  BATSFORD  finds  that  it  is  necessary  to  point  out  that  the 
Illustrations  in  his  Publications  are  Copyright,  and  Lantern  Slides  must  not 
be  made  and  exhibited  from  them  without  his  Special  Permission,  otherwise 
there  will  be  an  Infringement  of  Copyright,  for  which  those  making  or  using 
the  Lantern  Slides  will  be  responsible. 

B.  T.  BATSFORD,  Publisher. 

94,  HIGH  HOLBORN,  LONDON. 


•CAPTAIN  SPINK.     By  Mori.f.y    Roiieiits,  Author 
of  'The  Promotion  of  the  Admiral.' 
"  Every  page  is  full  of  entertainment." — Globe, 
"  He  is  something  of  a  joy." — Evening  Standard. 
ILLUSTRATED  LIST  POST  FREE. 
FAWSIDE  HOUSE,  KING  STREET. 
COVENT    GARDEN,    LONDON,     YV.C. 


AUTHORIZED    TO    BE    USED    BY 
BRITISH    SUBJECTS. 


THE      NATIONAL      FLAG, 


BEING 


THE   UNION  JACK. 


COPIES  OF 


NOTES   AND    QUERIES 

FOR  JUNE  30,  1900, 
Is.  \d.  free  by  pot,  containing  an  Account  of  the  Flag,  with  Coloured  Illustration 

[Reprinting. 


according  to  scale. 


JOHN  C.  FRANCIS  and  J.  EDWARD  FRANCIS, 
Notes  and  Queries  Office,  Bream's  Buildings,  Ckaneery  Lane,  E.C. 


NEXT  WEEK'S  ATHENiEUM  will  contain 
Articles  on  MISS  I.  A.  TAYLORS  LADY 
JANE  OBEY  AND  HER  TIMES  and  NOTES 
FROM  OXFORD. 


In  2  vols,  crown  8vo,  with  2  Portraits,  24». 

JOHN  FRANCIS  AND  THE  'ATHEN.EUM.' 

t)  A  Literary  Chronicle  of  Half  a  Century. 

By  JOHN  C  FRANCIS. 
MACMILLAN  &  CO..  Limited,  London. 

ELEVENTH    EDITION    NOW    READY. 
Price  Two  Shillings  net. 

PELESTIAL    MOTIONS  :    a    Handy    Book    of 

KJ     Astronomy.      Eleventh  Edition.     With  d  Plates.     By  W.  T. 
LYNN.  B.A.  V  K.A.S. 
"  Well  Known  as  one  of  our  best  introductions  to  astronomy." 

Guardian. 
London  : 
SAMUEL  I'.AGSTEi:  k  SONS,  Limited.  15,  Paternoster  Rof. 


THIRTEENTH  EDITION  JUST  OUT,  pi  ice  Sixpence,  cloth. 

REMARKABLE   COMETS  :   a  Brief  Survey  of 
the  most  interesting  Pacta  in  the  History  of  Comctary  Astro- 
nomy.   By  W.  T.  LYNN,  B.A.  E.K.A.K. 
London  : 
SAMUEL  BAGSTEIt  &  SONS.  Limited.  15.  Paternoster  Row. 


B 


SECOND  EDITION  NOW  READY,  price  One  Shilling. 

RIEF  LESSONS  ON  THE  PARABLES  AND 

MIHACLES  OF  OUR  LORD.  With  an  Appendix  on  the 
Name*  of  the  Apostles  and  1  Haps.  By  W.  T.  LYNN.  B.A.  F.R.A.S. 
Associate  of  King  s  College,  London. 

"That  praiseworthy  little  l>ook."— Guardian,  August  22,  1906. 
London : 
SAMUEL  BAGSTER  4  SONS.  Limited.  16.  Paternoster  Row. 


Insurant*  CDompantcs. 

XTORWICH      UNION      FIRE      OFFICE. 

1A  Founded  1797.    HEAD  OFFICE :  NORWICH. 

50,  Fleet  Street,  E.C. 


Claims  Paid £21,000,000 

Applications  for  Agencies  invited. 


For  Acidity  of  the  Stomach. 
For  Heartburn  and  Headache. 
For  Gout  and  Indigestion. 

T\INNEF0RD'S 

M   A  G   N   E   S   I   A. 

For  Sour  Eructations  and  Bilious  Affections. 

A  Safe  and  most  effective  Aperient  for 

regular  use. 


No.  4196,  March  28,  1908 


THE    ATHEN^UM 


399 


Limited  Company 
Social  Capital  Lit.  900.000 


Societo  Tipografica-EditricB  Hazionale 


_-' 


FORMERLY 


ROUX  &  VIARENGO  -TORINO-ROMA,    (r 
MARCELLO   CAPRA  -TORINO. 


Residence  in  TURIN  (Italy) 
Via  ilizza,  147-149 


;,i 


v_ 


Reproduction  of  ancient  Documents. 

1  manoscritti  di  Leonardo  da  Vinci  delta  lleale  liiilioteca 

di  Windsor : 

DELL'ANATOMIA,  fogli  A L.     SO 

»  »      B »   100 

Rocchi  E.  -  LE    PIANTE    ICONOGRAFICHE  E 

PROSPETTICHEDI  ROMA  NELSEC.XVI  L.    50 


GREAT  HISTORICAL  LIBRARY 

Bsrsezio  V.  •  IL  REGNO  DI  VITTORIO  EMA- 

NUELE  II,  8  voluini L.  30  — 

Carutti  sen.  D.  -  STORiA  DELLA  CORTE  DI 

SAVOIA,  2  volumi »    15  — 

Cavour  C.  -  LETTERE  EDITE  ED  INEDITE, 

6  volumi »  50  — 

Chiala  sen.   L.  -  PAGINE   DI    STORIA  CON- 

TEMPORANEA,  3  volumi »    17,50 

D'Ancona  sen.  A.  -  CARTEGGIO  D!  MICHELE 

AMARi,  3  volumi »    1G  — 

Fabris   C.    -    GLi     AVVENIMENTI     MILITARi 

del  1848  e  1849,  3  volumi »   14  — 

Garibaldi  G.  -  MEMORIE,  ediz.  diplomatica  per 

E.  Nathan,  1  volume »     7  — 

Minghetti  M.  -  MIEI  RICORDI,  3  volumi  .  »  13  — 
Stiavelli  G.  -  ANTONIO  GUADAGNOLI   E  LA 

TOSCANA  DE'  SUO!  TEMPI,  1  volume  »  7  — 
Tavallini  E.  •  LA  VITA  E  I  TEMPI  DI  GIO- 
VANNI  LANZA,  2  volumi »   10 — 

TlvaroniC.  -STORIA  CRITICA  DELRISORGi- 

MENTO  ITALIANO,  4  volumi     .     .     .     .     »  34,50 


Romances  of  Italian  Ruthors. 

Agresti  A.  -  L'IDEA  CHE  UCCIDE      .     .     .  L.  3.50 

Aleramo  Sibilla  -  UNA  DONNA »  3,50 

Baccelli  A.  -  La  Meta »  3  50 

Deledda  Grazia  -  ILVECCHIO  DELLA  WON- 

TAGNA »  2,50 

-  DOPO  IL  DIVORZIO »  3  _ 

-  ELIAS  PORTCLU »  3  - 

Luigi  di  San  Giusto  -  UN  VINTO,  2*  ediz.      »  3  50 

-  N  EN  N  ELLA,  2*  ediz.    .     - »  3- 

-  LA  VITA  NUOVA >,  3  - 

-  MAESTRA  BELLA »  3  — 

-  IL  REDUCE »  3,50 

-  PRIMAVERA  ITALICA »  3  50 

Regina  di  Luanto  -  SALAMANORA    ...»  2  — 

-  OMBRA  E  LUCE,  2*  ediz »  3  _ 

-  LA  SCUOLA  DI   LINDA,  2a  ediz.      ...»  3  _ 

-  UN   MARTIRIO,  2a  ediz >»  2  50 

-  LIBERA »  2.50 

-  LA  PROVA »  3  - 

-  LA  SERVETTA »  3  50 

-  GLI  AGONIZZANTI »  3— 

-  IL  NUOVISSIMO  AMORE »  350 

Toscano  F.  -  SILVIO  PREGATI >,  5'- 


SALVATORE   FARINA'S  PUBLICATIONS 

IL  TESORO  DI   DONNINA,  5a  ediziono    .     .   L.  3  50 

CAPELLI   BIONDI.  6a  edizione »  3*50 

MIO  FIGLIO!  9a  edizione „  s'_ 

PE'  BELLI  OCCHI  DELLA  GLORIA,  5a  ediz.    »  3^0 

PER  LA  VITA  E  PER  LA  MORTE,  3»  ediz.    >»  350 

COSCIENZA  ELASTICA,  rommcdia      ...»  2'  — 

AMORE  CI  ECO,  commodia »  2  — 

UN  TESTA MENTO,  3a  edizione »  1,50 


Collection  of  illustrated  luxurious  volumes. 

De  Amicis  E.  -  LE  CARICATURE  DI  TEJA  L.    10  - 
Giacosa   G.    -    CASTELLI     VALDOSTANI     E 

CANAVESANI »   15  - 

Menghini  M.  -  LA  SPEDIZIONE  GARIBAL- 
DINA  DI  SICILIA  E  DI  NAPOLI,  nei  pro 
clami,  nelle  corrispondenze,  nci  diarii  e  r.elle 
illustrazioni  del  tempo »    12  - 

Valari    A.-Rusconi    Art.    Jahn    -    LA    VITA    D! 

BENVENUTO  CELLINI »    10  - 


GREAT    LIBRARY   OF  ARTS 


ANTONIO   AGRESTI 

'I  PR€RAFFA€LLI5TI 

CONTRIBUTO  ALLA  STORIA  PELL' ARTE 

Volume  27-1S,  ea  carta  patinata,  di  pag.  370,;  con 
16  tavole  eliotipiche  e  74  illustrazioni.     .     L.    15 


PR! MO    LEVI  (I'ltalico) 

PO^CNiCO  WORELLI 

nella    Vita    ©    nell'Arts 

Volume  27-18,  su'carta  patinata,   di  pag.  390,  con 

28  tavole  eliotipiche  e  150  illustrazioni  .     .  L.    15  - 


LIBRARY  OF  ROWE 

Baracconi  G.  -  I  RIONI   DI   ROMA,   volume  di 

606  pagine L.  6 

Rilegato  elegantomente »  8 

Boissier    G.  -   ROMA    E    POMPEI,    volume    di 

520  pagine »  5 

Rilegato  olegantomente »  7 

Sts-ndhal  -  ROMA,  volume  di  720  pagine  .     .     »  8 

Rilegato  elegantemente  ...         ...»  10 


LIBRARY  OF  ARTS 

G.  Natali  ed  E.  Vitelli  -STORIA  DELL' ARTE 
Nuova  ediz.  interamente  rifatta.  Opera  di  976 
pagine,  con  634  illnstrazioni L.  :  7,50 

G.  Baracccni  -  VENERE  -  Volume  di  pag.  386, 

con  43  tavole  fuori  tosto »     7  — 

P.  Moimenti  -  IL  CARPACCIO  ed  ILTIEPOLO 

Studi  d'arte  veneziana L.     4  — 

P.    Moimenti    -    STUDI     E     RICERCHE     DI 

STORIA  E  D'ARTE »     4,50 


EDUCATIONAL  PUBLICATIONS 

Forster  W.  -  IL  VANGELO  DELLA  VITA   .  L.  4  - 

Levi  E.  -  PER  I  VOSTRI  BAMBINI    ...»  5  - 

Rosselli  A.  -  TOPI  NINO,  Storiadi  un  bambino  »  5  — 
Sincero    D.    -  IL    CANZONIERE   DEI    BiMBI 

PICCIN!,  93  canti  ad  una  voce    ...         »  2  — 


Collection  of  illustrated  Technical  Records. 

Bertoldo   G.  -  I    DIAGRAMMI    ENTROPICI 

DELLE  MOTRICI  A  VAPORE     ...     L.     2  — 
Montii  C.  -   GLI    ACCOPPIATORI    AUTOMA- 
TIC!  PER  VEICOLI   FERROVIARI    .     .    »     2  — 
Moriondo  E.  -  PRINCIPII    DI    TERMODINA- 

MICA  GRAFICA »     3  — 

—  LE  TURBINE  A  VAPORE »     8  — 

Panetti  M.  -  PROVE  DEI  METALLI  .    .    .    »     5  — 
Wehmeyer   S.  A.   -  ALIMENTAZ10NE,   CON- 
SERVAZION  E  E  F  U  N  Z  I  O  N  A  iv:  E  N  T  O 
DELLE  CALDAIE  MARINE »     2  — 


GREAT   TECHNICAL    LIBRARY 

Ferraris  G.  -  ELETTROTECNICA,  2a  edizione, 

un  volume  26-17,  di  pag.  432,  con  160  figuro  L.    15  — 

Grassi  G.  -  PRINCIPII  SCIENTIFICI  DEL- 
L'ELETTROTECNICA,  un  volume,  26-17,  di 
pag.  320,  con  150  figure »   12  — 

—  CORSO    DI    ELETTROTECNICA,   opera  di 

1000  pag.,  con  circa  600  figuro,  in  2  volumi    »  30  — 

Martorelliing.  G.  -  LE  MACCHINE  A  VAPORE 
MARINE,  un  volume  di  900  pagiue,  illustrato 
con  500  disegni  e  86  tavole,  3a  edizione    .    »    20  — 

Russo  ing.  G.  -  MANUALE  DI  ARCHITET- 
TURA  NAVALE  ad  vso  degli  ufficipli  <ii  ma- 
rina, dei  costruttori  e  capitani  mercantili  e 
degli  istituti.  Grosso  volume  jcon  oltre  SCO  di- 
segni e  tavole »  20  — 

Tfi£ATRE 

Bovio  G.  -  SOCRATE L.  1  - 

Carrera  V.  -  LE  COM M EDI E,  4  volumi  .     .    »  12  — 
MorelloV. -LA  FLOTTA  DEGLI  EMIGRANTI, 

3a  edizione »     4  

Racine  J.  -  FEDRA,  traduz.  di  Mario  Giobbe    »  2  — 

Sofocle  -  EDIPO  RE,  traduz.  di  Mario  Giobbe   »  2  — 

Teresah  -  L'ALTRA  RIVA,  dramma  .     ...»  3  — 


VERSES 

Collezione  di  volumi  di  lusso  in  carta  a  mano 
copertina  pergamena. 

Abba  G.  C.  -  VECCHI  VERSI L.  2 

Aganoor  Pompilj  V.  -  LEGGENDA  ETERNA  »  4 
Alighieri  Dante  -  LA  VITA  NUOVA,  con  le  il- 
lustrazioni di  Dante  Gabriele  Rossetti    .     .     »  4 

Costanzo  G.  A.  -  DANTE,  poema »  4 

Orsini  G.  -  POESIE  COMPLETE    .    ...»  5 
Pascarella  C.    -   SONETTI   in   vernacolo   rotna- 

ncsco »  4 

Teresah  -  NOVA  LYRICA »  4 


LITERARY    STUDIES 

Capuana  L.  -  LETTERE  ALL'ASSENTE    .  L.  2 

D'Ambra  L.  -  LE  OPERE  E  GLI   UOMINI     »  5 

Gropallo  L.  -  AUTORI  ITALIANI   D'OGGI  .    »  4 
Mantovanl    D.    -    LETTERATURA   CONTEM- 

PORANEA,  2a  edizione »  4 

Morello  V.  -  L'ENERGIA  LETTERARIA     .    »  5 


400 


th  E    a t  ii  i;x  a-:  r  m 


No.  4196,  Mm     28,  I 


CAMBRIDGE  UNIVERSITY  PRESS 


SCIENTIFIC    PAPERS.      By  Sir   George 

the   University  of  Cambridge.    Volume  I. 


Howard   Darwin,    K.C.B.,  F.R.S.,  Plumian   Professor  in 


Hc.y.il  BTO 
lis  nrt 


Thiv  the   first    of   four  volumes    in   which    Sir   (Joorge   Darwin's   Scient  Iflc   Papers  will   ),•■   ell.-,  tod,  contains  |..i; 

anil  on  an  attempt  to  measure  the  Lunar  DUturb&nej  >.f  (iranty.    'I  he  second  volume  will  give  the  author's  p.i]<er-  on  Tidal  Frl 
and  on  iin-  astronomical  speculations  arising  therefrom;  the  third  will   be  devoted  to  papers  oa   Figures  of  ko,uilibriuui  of  Botaanaj 
Liquid  ami  on  cognate  subjects  ;  and  tin-  fourth  will  be  on  Periodic  Orbit-,  and  on  various  mntoeUaneooa  subject*. 


THE    BACTERIOLOGY    OF    DIPHTHERIA.      By   F.    Loeffler,   M.D.,    Arthur   Newsholme,    M.D., 

F.  B.  Mallory,  M.D.,  G.  S.  Graham-Smith,  M.D.,  George  Dean,  M.D.,  William  H.  Park,  M.D.  and  Charles  F.  Bolduan,  M.D. 
Edited  by  G.  H.  F.  Nuttall,  M.D.,  F.R.S.,  Quick  Professor  of  Biology  in  the  University  of  Cambridge,  and  G.  S.  Graham  Smith,  M.D., 
University  Lecturer  in  Hygiene. 

The   work   is   divided   into   six    sections,  contributed    by  authors  who  have   given  special  attention  to  the  subjects  discussed  fa 
I'lie  various  chapters  deal  with  the  events  which  led   up  to  the  discovery  of  the  diphtheria   bacillus;    the    epidemiology    and    pathology 


Royal  8vo 

4  portraits 

16  plates 

2.')s  net 


of  the  disease;  the  morphological,  cultural,  and  pathogenic  characteristics  of  the  diphtheria  bacillus  and  the  organisms  which  reaeinbls 
it,  and  their  relationship  to  one  another  ;    the  distribution  of  the  diphtheria  bacillus  and  organisms  resembling  it  in  men   and   anil 

the  occurrence  of  diphtheria  and  diseases  simulating  it  in  man  ami  animals  and  the  relationship  of  the  latter  to  diphtheria;  the  modes 
of  infection  and  the  methods  of  prevention;  the  practical  and  theoretical  considerations  involved  in  the  manufacture  of  toxins  and 
antitoxins,  and  the  results  of  anti-toxin  treatment. 


THE  WORK  OF  JOHN  SAMUEL  BUDGETT,  Balfour  Student  of  the  University  of  Cambridge. 

Being  a  collection  of  his  Zoological  Papers,  together  with  a  biographical  sketch  by  A.  E.  Shipley,  F.R.S.,  and  contributions 
by  Richard  Assheton,  Edward  J.  Bles,  Edward  T,  Browne,  J.  Herbert  Budgett  and  J.  Graham  Kerr;  edited  by  J.  Graham  Kerr. 


Demy  4to 

with  portrait 

and  28  plates 

25s  net 


"Contains  reprints  of  the  histological  papers,  together  with  descriptions  of  the  more  important  material  brought  back  by  the  Lite 
John  Samuel  Budgett  from  his  zoological  expeditions  in  Central  Africa. . .  Budgett  succeeded  in  adding  largely  to  our  knowledge  of  the 
developmental  history  of  many  African  fishes  and  frogs.  This  handsome  memorial  volume,  which  has  been  subscribed  for  by  a  large  number 
of  distinguished  scientists  and  friends  of  the  author,  is  a  rare  tribute  both  to  the  scientific  attainments  and  the  great  ]>ersonal  charm  of  a 
distinguished  young  naturalist." — Scotsman. 


THE    COLLECTED  MATHEMATICAL    PAPERS    OF    JAMES    JOSEPH    SYLVESTER,   F.R.S., 

late  Savilian  Professor  in  the  University  of  Oxford.    Edited  by  H.  F.  Baker,  Sc.D.,  F.R.S.,  Fellow  of  St.  John's  College,  Cambridge- 


Koyal  8vo 

2  vols 

18s  net  each 


Vol.  I.  contains  the  author's  paper  'On  the  Theory  of  the  Syzygetic  Relations  of  two  Rational  Integral  Functions,  comprising  an 
application  to  the  Theory  of  Sturm's  Functions,'  and  to  this  many  of  the  shorter  papers  in  the  volume  are  contributory.  The  volume  also 
contains  Sylvester's  dialytic  method  of  elimination,  his  essay  on  canonical  forms  and  early  investigations  in  the  theory  of  invariants,  and 
his  celebrated  theorems  as  to  determinants,  and  investigations  as  to  the  transformation  of  quadratic  forms  and  the  recognition  of  the 
invariant  factors  of  a  matrix. 

Vol.  II.,  to  be  published  very  shortly,  will  contain,  among  other  papers,  the  lecture  on  geometry  delivered  before  the  Gresham 
Committee,  seven  lectures  on  the  partition  of  numbers,  the  iong  memoir  on  Newton's  rule,  and  the  Presidential  Address  to  the  Mathematical 
and  Physical  Section  of  the  British  Association  at  Exeter. 


MULTIPLY    PERIODIC    FUNCTIONS.      An    Introduction    to    the    Theory.      By    H.    F.    Baker, 


Sc.D  ,  F.R.S. 

Royal  8vo 

12s  6d  net 


This  volume  consists  of  two  parts.  The  first  of  these  deals  with  the  theory  of  hyperelliptic  functions  of  two  variables  ;  the  second 
with  the  reduction  of  the  theory  of  general  multiply-periodic  functions  to  the  theory  of  algebraic  functions.  Taken  together  they  furnish 
what  is  intended  to  be  a  self-contained  introduction  to  many  of  the  leading  ideas  of  the  theory  of  multiply-periodic  functious,  with 
the  incidental  aim  of  aiding  the  comprehension  of  the  importance  of  this  theory  in  analytical  geometry. 


THE     THEORY     OF      OPTICAL     INSTRUMENTS.       By    E.     T.     Whittaker,     F.R.S.,     Royal 

Astronomer  of  Ireland.    Being  No.  7  of  The  Cambridge  Tracts  in  Mathematics  and  Mathematical  Physics. 

"This  modest  pamphlet  of  72  pages,  costing  only  half-a-crown,  is  certainly,  from  many  points  of  view,  one  of  the  most  important 

additions  to  English  text-books  on  Optics  that  have  been  made  for  more  than  half  a  century. ..  .Enough  has  been  said,  we  hope,  to  show 

Demy  8vo  that  Dr.  Whittaker  is  the  man  for  the  hour.     We  hope  that  before  he  lays  down  his  pen  he  will  write  for  the  benefit  of  present  and  future 

gj  gj  net  students  of  optics  a  text-book  worthy  to  take  its  place  by  the  side  of  such  contributions  as  'Die  Bilderzeugung  inOptischen  In>trumcnten,'  Ac, 

lately  written  by  the  scientific  staff  of  Carl  Zeiss.     Such  spade-work  is,  we  are  convinced,  a   necessary  preliminary  to  the  rehabilitation  of 

our  optical  industries." — Observatory. 

INORGANIC  CHEMISTRY.    By  E.  I.  Lewis,  B.Sc,  Assistant  Master  at  Oundle  School. 


Demy  Svo 

5s 


"This  book  deserves  the  widest  recommendation  as  a  sound  and  interesting  introduction  to  the  subject.  It  consists  of  a  series  of 
chapters  or  lessons  in  which  the  systematic  part  of  the  subject  is  happily  blended  with  a  considerable  amount  of  theory.  The  treatment  is 
thorough  and  painstaking  without  being  dry. . .  .It  is  a  pleasure  to  notice  a  book  of  this  description,  for  it  indicates  the  serious  and  important 
place  chemistry  is  taking  in  the  school  curriculum.  It  deserves  a  high  place  not  only  in  the  school,  but  generally  as  an  excellent  introductory 
first  course,  understanding  by  this  term  not  a  mere  smattering  of  the  kind  deemed  sufficient  only  a  few  years  ago,  but  a  course  in  keeping 
with  the  true  position  of  thescience  as  a  serious  and  profitable  part  of  a  good  modern  education."— Natmn. 


MODERN  ELECTRICAL  THEORY.    By  N.  R.  Campbell,  M.A.,  Fellow  of  Trinity  College,  Cambridge. 


Demy  8vo 

7s  Cd  net 


"The  object  of  this  book  is  to  deal  with  those  phases  of  modern  electrical  theory  which  are  most  closely  connected  with  its  central 
problem,  the  relations  of  electricity  and  matter.     Perhaps  the  most  valuable  chapters  are  those  dealing  with  the  electron  theory,  in  which 
great  care  has  been  taken  to  distinguish  between  assumptions  that  are  fundamental  to  the  modern  theory,  and  those  that  it  may  be  nei 
to  abandon  after  further  progress.     We  can  warmly  lecomuienil  the  book  to  the  study  of  both  physicists  and  physical  chemists." 

Oxford  Magazine. 

PARASITOLOGY.    A  Supplement  to  the  Journal  of  Hygiene.    Edited  by  G.  H.  F.  Nuttall,  F.R.S., 

and  A.  E.  Shipley,  F.R.S.    Vol.  I.,  No.  1—  Revision  of  the  Non-Combed  Eyed  Siphonaptera.    By  K.  Jordan  and  the  Hon.  N.  C 
Rothschild. 

It  has  been  felt  for  some  time  that  the  Journal  of  Hygiiio   was   becoming  unduly  burdened  with   papers  dealing  with  the  anatomy 
of  mosquitoes,  fleas,  protozoa  and  other  parasites— of  great  importance  in  themselves— but  having  only  an  indirect   relation   to  hygiene  UN 

f preventive  medicine.  The  remarkable  development  of  parasitology  in  recent  years,  and  the  increase  in  our  knowledge  of  the  part  played 
iy  parasites  in  human  and  animal  diseases,  demand  B  means  of  publication  in  the  English  language  of  original  papers  dealing  with  the 
subject  in  its  widest  sense.  It  is  hoped  that  Paratitology  will  fulfil  the  purpose  the  editors  have  in  view  and  that  it  will  appeal  not 
only  to  medical  men  at  home  and  abroad,  but  to  veterinarians,  zoologists  and  agriculturalists.  Parasitology,  though  a  Supplement  to  the 
Journal  of  Hygiene,  will  be  issued  in  the  form  of  a  separate  yearly  volume  of  four  to  five  hundred  pages.  The  parts  will  be  issued  when 
sufficient  material  lias  accumulated,  .subscribers  to  the  Journal  of  Hygiene  can  obtain  Parasitology  at  an  annual  subscription  of  15s;  otbsf 
subscribers  at  21s  a  year.    The  price  of  single  numbers  will  be  7s  net  each,  and  to  subscribers  to  the  Journal  of  Hygiene,  5s  net  each. 

Manager 


Subscription 
terms 


London,  Fetter  Lane :    CAMBRIDGE   UNIVERSITY    PRESS    WAREHOUSE:     C.  F.    Clay, 


Editorial  Communications  ihoold  be  addressed  to  "THE  EDITOR  "—Advertisements  and  Business  Utters  to  "THE  PUBLISHERS  "—at  the  Office,  Bream's  Buildings.  Chancery  Lane,  E.C. 
Published  Wcokly  by  JOHN  C.  FKANC1S  and  J.  EDWARD  FRANCIS  at  Bream's  Buildings.  Chancery  [ana,  E.C  ,  am!  Printed  by  J.  EDYVAKl)  FRANCIS.  Athena-urn  Press,  Bream's  Buildings.  Chancery,  Lam    BA 

Agents  for  Scotland,  Me*sn.  BELL  4  BRADFUTE  and  Mr.  JOHN  MKNZ1ES.  Edinburgh.- Saturday,  March  »,  1908. 


— J 


THE  ATHEN^UM 

Itoarnal  0f  CBngUsb  antr  JForrfp  literature  ^tuntt,  tht  $'mt  ^rts,  $fosic  anfc  tfiJ 


No.  4197. 


SATURDAY,  APRIL   4,    1908. 


PRICE 
THREEPENCE. 

REGISTERED  AS  A  NEWSPAPER. 


lectures. 


LIBRARY  ASSOCIATION.— THREE 
LECTURES  on  'The  Law  relating  to  Puhlio  Libraries  and 
Museums 'will  be  delivered  by  Mr.  H.  W.  POVARGUE,  Honorary 
Solicitor  of  the  Association,  at  the  LONDON  SCHOOL  OF 
ECONOMICS.  CLARE  MARKET,  KINGSWAY,  W.C.,  on  WEDNES- 
DAYS. April  1,  8  and  IS. 

THREE  LECTURES  on  '  The  Institut  International  de  Biblio- 
graphic its  Repertory  and  Universal  Classification '  will  be  given  by 
Mr.  H.  V.  HOPWOOD  at  the  LONDON  SCHOOL  of  ECONOMICS 
on  WEDNESDAYS,  April  22,  29.  and  May  6. 

Particulars  of  both  courses  may  be  obtained  from  the  undersigned, 
ERNEST  A.  BAKER,  M.A.  D.Litt.,  Honorary  Secretary,  Education 
Committee,  24,  Whitcomb  Street,  W.C. 


T 


JSocitttta. 


HE 


HARLEIAN        SOCIETY. 


Founded  1869.    Incorporated  1902. 

Established  for  the  purpose  of  Transcribing,  Printing,  and  Publishing 
the  Heraldic  Visitations  of  Counties.  Parish  Registers,  or  any  Manu- 
scripts relating  to  Genealogy,  Family  History,  and  Heraldry,  or  such 
other  kindred  or  partly  kindred  subjects  as  may  from  time  to  time  be 
determined  ui>on  by  the  Council  of  the  Society. 

In  the  Ordinary  Section  5f>  Volumes  have  been  issued.  In  the 
Register  Section  .ir>  Volumes  have  been  issued.  Entrance  Fee,  10*.  6d. 
Annual  Subscription  :  Ordinary  Section,  1!,1«.;  Register  Section,  \l.  Is. 
Chairman  of  Council— Sir  GEORGE  J.  ARMYTAGE,  Bart,  F.S.A.— 
For  all  particulars  apply  to  the  Secretary  and  Treasurer,  W.  BRUCE 
BANNERMAN,  F.8.A.,  The  Lindens,  Sydenham  Road,  Croydon. 


(Exhibitions. 


SHEPHERD    BROS.    SPRING    EXHIBITION 
OF  EARLY  BRITISH  MASTERS  includes  Choice  Works  by 
Reynolds  Hoppner         Raeburn  Cotman 

Gainsborough  Crome  Wheatley  Vincent 

Romney  Constable        Wilson  Stark,  Ac. 

SHEPHERDS  GALLERY,  27,  King  Street,  St.  James's,  S.W. 


a    P    A    N    I    S    H 

A  R  T 

ri     A    L    L    E     R    Y, 
50,    CONDUIT    STREET,    LONDON,     W. 

ART    DEALERS    AND    IMPORTERS 
OF    ANTIQUITIES     FROM     SPAIN. 

Antique  Embroideries,  Brocades, 
Velvets,  Persian  Rugs,  Armour, 
Furniture,  Gothic  Pictures, 
China,      Silver,      Enamels,     &c. 

RARE      MUSEUM      OBJECTS. 


(Ebnrationai. 

LIBRARY  ASSOCIATION— PROFESSIONAL 
EXAMINATION  -The  NEXT  PROFESSIONAL  EXAMINA- 
TION ..f  the  1, IH  It  Alt  V  A880CIATION  will.be  held  MAY  18-23,  1908, 
at  the  ST.  IlliIDK  FOUNDATION,  Fleet  Street,  E.G.,  and  at  various 
Provincial  Centre*.  ka**  ,1:l1''  "'  entry,  APRIL  20.  Copies  of  the 
Syllabus  together  with  all  details,  can  be  obtained  on  application  to 
I'.AKKIt.  M  A.  D.Litt.,  Hon.  8ec.  Education  Committee, 
M,  WhiDoiub  Street.  W.C. 

EDUCATION. 
Parent*  or  Guardians  desiring  accurate  information  relative  to 
HOICK  of  SCHOOLS  for  HOYS  or  GIRLS  or 
TUTORS  in  England  or  Abroad 
are  Invited  to  call  upon  nr  send  fullv  rlr tailed  particulars  to 
MESSRS    OU'.RITAS,  TllRINO  A  CO., 
who  for  more  than  thirty  years  have  been  closely  in  touch  with  the 
leading  Educational  Establishments. 

Advice,  free  of  charge.  i«  given  by  Mr.  THUINO,  Nephew  of  the 
lat.  H.ad  Master  of  Uppingham,  V>,  Saekvillc  Street.  London,  W. 


WEYBRIDGE  LADIES'  SCHOOL,  SURREY. 
Conducted  by  Miss  E.  DAWES,  M.A.  D.Litt  (London}.  The 
comforts  of  a  refined  home.  Thorough  education  on  the  principle  of 
a  sound  mind  in  a  sound  body.  No  cramming,  but  preparation  for 
Examinations  if  desired.  French  and  German  a  speciality.  Large 
Grounds.    High  and  Healthy  position. 

BEDFORD        COLLEGE       FOR        WOMEN 
(University  of  London), 
YORK  PLACE.  BAKER  STREET.  W. 

The  EASTER  TERM   BEGINS  on  THURSDAY,   April  23,   1908. 

Lectures  are  given  in  preparation  for  all  Examinations  of  the 
University  of  London  in  Arts,  Science,  and  Preliminary  Medicine  ; 
for  the  Teachers'  Diploma,  London  :  for  the  Teachers'  Certificate, 
Cambridge  ;  and  for  the  Cambridge  Higher  Local  Examination. 

Special  Course  of  Scientific  Instruction  in  Hygiene,  recognized  by 
the  Sanitary  Inspectors'  Examination  Board. 

Six  Lalioratories  are  open  to  Students  for  Practical  work. 

Students  may  attend  the  Art  School  who  are  not  taking  other 
Subjects  at  the  College. 

A  Single  Course  in  any  Subject  may  be  attended. 

Regular  Physical  Instruction  is  given  free  of  cost  to  Students  who 
desire  it.  by  a  fully  qualified  Woman  Teacher. 

Students  can  reside  in  the  College. 

ENTRANCE    SCHOLARSHIPS. 

ONE  REID  SCHOLARSHIP  iu  ARTS,  value  31*.  10s.  First  Year. 
281.  7s.  Second  and  Third  Years  ; 

ONE  ARNOTT  SCHOLARSHIP  in  SCIENCE,  annual  value  48J., 
tenable  for  Three  Years  ; 

ONE  PFEIFFER  SCHOLARSHIP  in  SCIENCE,  annual  value  48!., 
tenable  for  Three  Years,  will  be  awarded  on  the  results  of  the 
Examination  to  be  held  in  .1UNE. 

Full  particulars  on  application  to  the  PRINCIPAL. 

DEPARTMENT  FOR  PROFESSIONAL  TRAINING 
IN   TEACHING. 

TWO  SCHOLARSHIPS,  each  of  the  value  of  15!.,  for  One  Year,  are 
offered  for  the  Course  of  Secondary  Training,  beginning  in  OCTOBER, 
1908. 

The  Scholarships  will  be  awarded  to  the  best  Candidate  holding  a 
Degree  in  Arts  or  Science. 

Applications  should  reach  the  HEAD  OF  THE  TRAINING 
DEPARTMENT  not  later  than  JULY  1,  1908. 

MADAME  AUBERT'S  ENGLISH  and 
FOREIGN  GOVERNESS  and  SCHOOL  AGENCY  (Est.  1880). 
139,  Regent  Street,  London.  W.— Resident  and  Daily  Governesses 
(Finishing,  Junior,  Nursery),  Lady  Professors  of  Languages.  Art, 
Music,  and  Singing,  Elocution,  &c.  Companions,  Secretaries  in- 
troduced, Schools  recommended,  and  all  information  gratis  on  receipt 
of  requirements. 


Situations  tTarant. 

ARMSTRONG      COLLEGE,      NEWCASTLE - 
UPON-TYNE. 
LECTURESHIP  IN  CLASSICS  AND  PHILOSOPHY. 
The  COUNCIL  invite  applications  for  this  LECTURESHIP. 
The  Stipend  will  commence  at  150!.  per  annum,  and  rise  by  10?.  per 
annum  to  200!. 

Candidates  must  send  iu  six  copies  of  their  Application  and  Testi- 
monials, not  later  than  MAY  7,  1908,  to  the  undersigned,  from  whom 
further  particulars  may  be  obtained.  F.  H.  PRUEN,  Secretary. 


TTNIVERSITY 


OF        LONDON. 


The  SENATE  invite  applications  for  the  post  of  UNIVERSITY 
READER  in  ANCIENT  HISTORY.  The  Header  will  lecture  at 
University  and  ISedford  Colleges  The  appointment  will  be  in  the 
first  instance  for  a  term  of  Three  Years  from  SEPTEMBER,  190*,  and 
the  Stipend  300/  per  annum. 

Fifty  copies  of  Applications  and  of  not  more  than  three  Testimonials 
must  reach  the  Academic  Hegistrar  of  the  University,  from  whom 
further  particulars  may  be  obtained,  not  later  than  the  first  post 
on  MONDAY.  May  11.  ^^  ^  rUcrer  prjn<;.pal 

University  of  London,  South  Kensington,  S.W. 

/BOUNTY  BOROUGH  OF  SUNDERLAND. 

DAY  TRAINING  COLLEGE. 

The  COUNCIL  are  prepared  to  receive  applications  for  the  position 
of  PRINCIPAL  of  the  above-named  College,  which  it  is  expected  will 
be  oi>en  for  work  in  SEPTEMBER  NEXT,  at  a  Salary  of  5001.  per 
annum.     No  Fees.  _..._. 

The  person  appointed  must  be  a  Graduate  of  a  British  University, 
capable  of  acting  as  Master  of  Method  and  Lecturer  on  Education, 
prepared  to  lake  a  leading  part  in  the  Teaching  work  of  the  College  in 
these  and  such  oilier  subjects  as  may  be  required,  and  able  to  satisfy 
the  Authority  of  bis  capacity  or  experience  in  the  Organization  and 
Teaching  of  a  Day  Training  College. 

Canvassing  Members  of  the  Council  directly  or  indirectly  until  after 
the  Brst  selection  by  the  Committee  of  Candidate*  will  disqualify  the 
applioanl  on  whose  behalf  so.  h  canvassing  shall  have  been  made. 

Applications  in  writing,  accompanied  by  not  more  than  six  recent 
Original  Testimonials  (which  will  be  returned),  addressed  to  the 
undersigned  at  the  Town  Hall.  Sunderland,  and  endorsed  "  Day 
Training  College  Anointment  of  Principal,"  in  the  left-band  corner 
of  the  envelope,  will  be  received  up  to,  but  not  later  than,  19,  noon  on 
APRIL  !7  next.  FRA8.  If.  BOWEY.  Town  Clerk. 


K 


ING  EDWARD'S  SCHOOL,  BIRMINGHAM. 


The  GOVERNORS  of  this  SCIIool,  being  alsnit  to  appoint  a 
HEAD  MASTER  to  take  charge  of  the  BOYS'  GRAMMAR  SCHOOL. 
(AMP    mid..    Birmingham.  Gentlemen   who  an   iesiroui  of 

becoming  Candidates  are  request,  d  to  sen. I  in  their  Applications  and 
six  copies  of  their  Testimonials  to  THE  SECRETAIU.  on  or  before 
MAY  1  NEXT 

The  Salarv  consists  of  a  fixed  payment  of  9001.  pet  annum,  togcthei 
with  a  Capitation  Fee  of  21  per  bead  for  every  Bov  above  the  number 
of  inn.  the  whole  Salary  not  to  exceed  6001.  There  are  about  3.V1  Boys 
in  the  School 

Candidates  must  be  Graduates  of  some  University  in  the  lulled 
Kingdom.  

The  Head  Master  will  1»  required  to  cuter  on  his  duties  in 
SEPTEMBER  NEXT. 

Birmingham,  March  31,  1908. 


Yearly  Subscription,  free  by  post,  Inland, 
15s.  3d. ;  Foreign,  18s.  Entered  at  tne  New 
York  Post  Office  as  Second  Class  matter. 

THE  ATHEN^UM  is  published  on 
FRIDAY  AFTERNOON  at  2  o'clock. 


CHESHIRE     COUNTY     COUNCIL: 

\J  EDUCATION  COMMITTEE. 

The  alajve  COMMITTEE  require  a  PRINCIPAL  for  the  TR  AINING 
COLLEGE  (MIXED)  which  they  are  establishing  at  CREWE.  The 
College  will  open  in  AUGUST.  l'JOS.  in  Temporary  Premises. 

The  Principal  must  be  a  Graduate  of  a  British  University,  must 
have  had  experience  of  teaching,  and  be  familiar  with  the  Organiza- 
tion and  Management  of  ar.  Educational  Institution,  and  be  well 
acquainted  with  the  History  of  Education  in  England, 

The  Salary  will  be  500?.  per  annum  and  a  Residence.  A  House 
will  ^  be  erected  in  proximity  to  the  College  and  Hostel  for  Women. 
Until  the  opening  of  the  new  College  and  provision  of  this  House  an 
allowance  will  be  made  towards  a  residence  in  Crewe. 

He  will  be  required  to  take  up  his  duties  not  later  than  JULY  1, 
1908. 

Applications,  with  not  more  than  six  recent  Testimonials,  to  be 
sent  to  THE  DIRECTOR  OF  EDUCATION,  City  Road,  Chester, 
not  later  than  APRIL  25.  1908. 

Canvassing  will  be  deemed  a  disqualification. 


B 


REWOOD      GRAMMAR       SCHOOL, 

STAFFORDSHIRE. 

A  HEAD  MASTER  is  required  for  the  above  School,  to  enter  upon 
his  duties  AFTER  the  EASTER  VACATION.  Salary  2001.,  with 
Capitation  Fees,  amountingto  114?.  for  the  last  year.  Accommodation 
for  35  Boarders  in  the  Head  Master's  House. 

The  School  is  in  receipt  of  Grants  from  the  Board  of  Education. 
There  is  an  Agricultural  Side,  which  is  maintained  by  Special  Grants 
from  the  Staffordshire  County  Council. 

Candidates  must  be  Graduates  of  a  University  in  the  United 
Kingdom. 

Applications,  accompanied  by  copies  of  not  more  than  three  recent 
Testimonials,  and,  if  desired,  the  Names  of  Referees,  must  be  received 
on  or  before  APRIL  2  next  by  the  undersigned,  from  whom  further 
particulars  can  be  obtained. 

FREDERICK  T   LANGLEY,  Clerk  to  the  Governors. 

Darlington  Street.  Wolverhampton. 
March  18.  1908. 


H 


EAD-   MASTERSHIP. 


SIMON  LANGTON'S  BOYS'  SCHOOL,  CANTERBURY. 

The  HEAD-MASTERSHIP  of  this  SCHOOL  will  be  VACANT  in 
JULY.  It  is  a  recognized  Secondary  School  under  the  Board  of 
Education,  and  is  a  Centre  for  Pupil-Teachers  for  Canterbury  and 
East  Kent.    It  is  purely  a  Day  School,  and  has  at  present  270  Boys. 

Candidates  must  not  be  more  than  45  years  of  age. 

Further  particulars  ami  Forms  of  Application  can  be  obtained  from 
the  Clerk  to  the  Governors  on  receipt  of  stamped  addressed  foolscap 
envelope. 

Applications  must  be  received  not  later  than  SATURDAY.  April  25. 
JOHN  PLUMMER.  Clerk  to  the  Governors. 

80,  Castle  Street,  Canterbury,  March  27, 1908. 


B 


RISTOL      EDUCATION      COMMITTEE. 


ST.  GEORGE  AND  FAIRFIELD  SECONDARY  SCHOOLS. 

WANTED  for  each  of  the  aliove  Secondary  Schools  a  FIRST 
ASSISTANT  MISTRESS,  experienced  in  Secondary  School  work. 
Must  be  a  Graduate  of  an  approved  University,  or  hold  an  equivalent 
Diploma,  and  will  be  required  to  exercise  general  supervision  over  the 
Girls  and  their  Games.  For  the  St.  George  School  special  qualification 
in  Literary  Subjects  (including  Conversational  French!  is  desirable, 
and  for  the  Fairfield  School  ability  to  teach  Hygiene  will  be  a  recom- 
mendation, Salarv  iu  each  case  1051  per  annum,  rising  by  51.  annually 
to  1507.  In  calculating  the  initial  Salary  credit  will  be  given  for  half- 
length  service  in  a  Secondary  School.  Forms  of  Application,  which 
must  be  received  here  not  later  than  WEDNESDAY,  April  is,  pms, 
mav  be  obtained  by  sending  a  stamped  addressed  foolscap  envelope  to 
the'SECRETARY,'  Education  Offices,  Guildhall,  Bristol. 

March  27, 1908. 

ACCRINCTON    MUNICIPAL    SECONDARY 
SCHOOL  AND  PUPIL-TEACHER  CENTRE. 
WANTED,  an  ASSISTANT  MISTRESS,  with  strong  qualifications 

for  the  teaching  of  French,  English,  and  History.  Applicants  must 
be  Graduates,  and  experienced  In  Secondary  School  work.  Initial 
Salary  100(.,  rising  by  pi/,  per  annum  to  1707..  followed  by  non- 
nutoiiiatic  Increments  on  special  recommendation.  The  scale  pro 
ridel  for  an  allowance  in  consideration  of  previous  experience. 
Application  Forms  ito  be  returned  not  later  than  APRIL  ID  obtain 
able  from  JNO.  RHODES,  Secretary. 

r<IVIL    SERVICE     COMMISSION.— FORTH- 

\J  COMING  EXAMINATION. -EXAMINERS  in  the  EX 
CHEQUER  and  AUDIT  DEPARTMENT  and  SECOND  CLASS 
CLERKS,  ESTATE  Dl  TV  OFFICE.  LONDON,  INLAND  REVENUE 
DEPARTMENT  (18  191)  JUNE  11.  The  date  specified  is  the  latest  si 
which  applications  can  be  received  They  must  he  made  on  Forms,  to 
be  obtained,  with  particulars,  from  THE  SECRETARY,  Civil  Scni.e 
Commission,  Burlington  Gardens,  London.  W. 

LONDON  BOOK  PUBLISHER   would    like    to 
be»i  from  GENTLEMAN  able  to  REPRESENT  him  on  COM 

MISSION  ill  distant  pails  of  the  World  Residents  selling  other 
Goods  akin  to  Rooks  preferred— Address  PUBLISHER,  .are  of 
5,  Dudley  Road,  Wimbledon. 


$ituntinns  (i(ftantr&. 

GERMAN  LADY   wishes   LIGHT    ENGAGE- 
MENT   In    the   COUNTRY    for   SUMMER    Months      Fv 
perienced  Teacher   Modern  languages  and  Music.  Piano  mid  Piddle; 
snod    Aocompanlsi      Exoellent    Certificates    and    recommendat 
Salary  I"  covei  expense  of  crossing.  Ac  —Apply  for  Particulars  care  of 
Miss  TWIGG,  Bockleton,  Tcnbury,  Wore. 


402 


THE     ATI!  KNjEUM 


No.  4197,  April  4,  1908 


/RisrfUnnrous. 


PRIVATE  TOl  R8  FOR  GENTLEWOMEN. — 

1       n\i\     IPHIL  9  One  Mouth    Rome.  Napli  rento, 

|  Mil  til.   &■         loll, foil  ihlc    trnielling  .    lerV  complete 

rtlT/.KKLAXD.  JINK     DUTCH  VatJbWAYB, 
.HI/,  HOP.  27.  St.  George's  Road,  Kilburn.  N.W 


TRANSLATION    from    Latin,  Greek,    Frenoh, 
German,  Italian.  Spanish.    Ifodoatatema.   yariad agparlan  wi, 
v    ..-i  i  i.\        Northumberland  Place,  Bajiwatar,  W. 

A    UNIQUE   OPPORTUNITY   occurs   for   the 
PURCHASE  of  valuable OOP!  BIOHTBoi  H0\  1Ui  General. 

PlKirt.  tod  Agricultural  Volumes.— Full  iwrtirulars  can  be  had  by 
Bj  pl\  in-'  to  A  B  .  Box  11*4.  Athentcuni  Press.  U,  Bream's  Building*, 
Chancery  Lane,  K.C. 

WM.   R.    QUICK,   Encraver  on   Wood   and 
.     Engraver  up  onon  Cloudy  Half  Tone  Process.— Address,  292, 
Lymington  Avenue,  Wood  Green,  N. 

OFFERS  WANTED  for  WATER-COLOUR 
SKETCH,  'The  Fisherman,'  l>v  W.  COLLINS,  signed  and 
dated.  Exhibited.  Characteristic. —  T.  HARLAND,  1,  Kenible 
Street.  W.O. 

ARUNDEL    CHROMOS.  —  Large     number    in 
Stock.      Many  rare  ones.    Send  stamp  for  this  Mouth  s  List 
(giving  size  and  shape  of  each'. 

SAINT  JUDE'S  DEPOT.  Birmingham. 


S.Y. 


ARGONAUT       CRUISES. 


£14  148.     MARSEILLES,  TUNIS,  SICILY,  NAPLES,  APRIL  15-27 
APRIL  SB-MAY  11. 
Apply  SECRETARY,  B,  Endsleigh  Gardens,  N.W. 


TYPE- WRITER.— PLAYS  and  MSS.  of  every 
description.  Carbon  and  other  Duplicate  or  Manifold  Copies 
—Miss  E.  M  TIGAR,  64,  Maitland  Park  Road.  Haverstock  Hill,  N.W 
Established  1S84. 

AUTHORS-  MSS.  TYPE-WRITTEN.  Books 
6d.  per  1,000.  Duplicating.  Plays  and  Books  Translated  from 
and  into  all  Foreign  Languages.  The  cheapest  place  for  good  work. 
THE  MUSCOVY  T.  4  T.  Co..  6.  Trinity  Square,  London,  E.C. 

TYPE-WRITING.— The  WEST  KENSINGTON 
OFFICES.  Authors' MSS..  Translations,  Ac.  Legal  and  General 
Copying.  Circulars,  Ac,  duplicated.  Usual  terms.  References. 
Established  fifteen  years.— SIKES  A  SIKES,  229.  Hammersmith 
Road,  W.    (Private  Address  :  13.  Wolverton  Gardens,  Hammersmith. 

THE  TYPE-WRITING  OFFICE  for  high-class 
work  of  every  description.  Authors'  MSS.  lOrf.  per  1.000 
words.  Prompt.  Accurate.— ERNEST  C.  PEARCE,  30a,  College 
Road,  Reading. 

TYPE- WRITING,  9rf.  per  1,000  words.  All 
kinds  of  MSS.,  Stories,  Plays.  Novels,  Ac,  accurately  TYPED. 
Clear  Carbon  Copies.  3d.  ]>er  1.000.  References  to  well-known  Authors. 
Oxford  Higher  Local.— M.  KING,  24,  Forest  Road,  Kew  Gardens,  S.W. 

TYPE-WRITING  undertaken  by  highly  educated 
Women  (Classical  Tripos;  Cambridge  Higher  Local:  Modern 
Languages).  Research,  Revision.  Translation.  Shorthand.  Dictation 
Room.-THE  CAMBRIDGE  TYPE-WRITING  AGENCY,  10,  Duke 
Street,  Adelphi,  W.C. 

AUTHORS' MSS.,  NOVELS,  STORIES,  PLAYS, 
ESSAYS  TYPE  WRITTEN  with  complete  accuracy.  9d.  ]>er 
1,000  words.  Clear  Carbon  Copies  guaranteed.  References  to  well- 
known  Writers.— M.  STUART.  Allendale,  Kymberley  Road,  Harrow. 


(Kaialogtus. 


WOODCUTS,  EARLY  BOOKS,  MSS.,  Ac 

LEIGHTON'S  ILLUSTRATED  CATALOGUE, 
Containing  1,350  Facsimiles. 
Thick  8vo,  art  cloth,  238. ;  half -morocco.  30s. 
Part  XIII.,   Cal-Chrys.  with  164  Facsimiles,  including  Berners's 
Froiesart,  Cambridge  Bindings,    Capgrave,  1516,  Cepio,  14V7,    and  a 
large  collection  of  Early  Chronicles.  [Now  ready.    Price  2s. 

J.  A  J.  LEIGHTON, 
40,  Brewer  Street,  Golden  Square,  London,  W. 


B 


O  O  K 

Largest  Stock  in  London  of 

PUBLISHERS'  REMAINDER  STOCKS. 

All  in  perfectly  New  condition,  as  originally  published,  but  at 

GREATLY  REDUCED  PRICES. 

Catalogues  post  free. 

WILLIAM  GLAISHER,  Remainder  and  Discount  Bookseller. 

265,  High  Holborn,  London. 


CATALOGUE  No.  48.— Drawings  of  the  Early 
English  School— Turner's  Liber  Studiorum,  and  other  Engravings 
after  Turner— Etchings  by  Turner,  8.  Palmer,  Whiftler  —  JapanaM 
Colour  Prints  — Fine-Art  Books— Works  by  Rnskin.  Post  free,  Six- 
pence—WM.  WARD,  2,  Church  Terrace.  Richmond,  Surrey. 


BOOKS.— ALL  OUT-OF-PRINT  and  RARE 
BOOKS  on  any  subject  SUPPLIED.  The  most  expert  Bookfindcr 
extant.  Please  stale  wants  and  ask  for  CATALOGUE.  I  make  a 
special  feature  of  exchanging  any  Saleable  Books  for  others  select  .-d 
from  my  various  Lists     Special  List  of  2.000  Books  I  particularly  want 

i >ost  free—  EDW.  BAKER  'H  Great  Bookshop,  14-16,  John  BrightStreet. 
lirmingham.  Oscar  Wilde's  Poems,  21«.,  for  10s.  fid.  ;  ITarmsworth's 
Encyclopaedia,  10  rols.  last  edit  .  83a. ;  Who's  Who.  2  vols.  1907.  5s. 


BERTRAM         DOBELL, 
SECONDHAND  BOOKSELLER  and  PUBLISHER, 
77.  Charing  Cross  Road.  London.  W.C. 
A  large  Stock    of    Old  and    Rare    Books  in     English   Literature, 
including  Poetry  and  the  Drama— Shakcspeariana— First  Editions  of 
Fain.  .:» Authors— Manuscripts-Illustrated  Books,  Ac.  CATALOGUE? 
free  on  application. 


M 


0    G    8  15    K    O    8., 

io».  hh  hi. i.  tain  w  o . 

DIALERS   IN    RAltl!   AND   YAI.I   AM. 1     !        'KH. 

PRINTS.  AM'  AUTOGRAPH* 

CATALOGUED    .cut    i  — e t    fr.r    to    all    jarts    ot    tfcl  «oild 

Kx|«>rt  Orders  soli.  it.  ! 

Telegraphic  and  Cubic  Addn-sa  ■  •>  BfhlioUta,  London." 

Telephone,     "(ierrard  4«W." 


PM.         BARNARD,         M.A. 
•  (Formerly  Classical  Scholar  of  ClirUtS  College,  Cambridge), 
10,  DUDLEY  ROAD  [omoalt*  the  Opera  House  .  Tl  'Mill  I  DOE 

WELLS,  ENGLAND 
CATALOGUE  No    M  JUST  l.-SIKD-  INCUNABULA,  PRINTED 
Ilolt.i:.  ALDINE  PRCeS,  bibliography. 

CATALOGUES  IN  PREPARATION  :-ltare  aid  Valuable  Bind- 
ings, many  with  Royal  Arms  and  Arms  of  Famous  Collectors; 
English  Literature. 

P.    M.    BARNARD    undertakes   the    formation    of    Libraries   or 
Collections  on  Special  Subjects. 
Out-of-print  Books  sought  for. 


ANCIENT  and  MODERN  COINS.— Collectors 
and  Antiquarians  are  invited  to  apply  to  SPINK  A  SON, 
Limited,  for  Specimen  Copy  (gratis)  of  their  NUMISMATIC  CIRCU- 
LAR. The  finest  Greek,  Roman,  and  English  Coins  on  View  and  for 
Sale  at  Moderate  Prices.— SPINK  A  SON.  Limited.  Experts.  Valuers, 
and  Cataloguers,  16,  17,  and  18,  Piccadilly,  London,  W.  Established 
mpwards  of  a  Century. 


J-utljors'  ^.gntts. 


THE  AUTHOR'S  AGENCY.— Established  1879. 
The  interests  of  Authors  capably  represented.  Agreements  for 
Publishing  arranged.  MSS.  placed  with  Publishers.—  Terms  and  Testi- 
monials on  application  to  Mr.  A.  M.  BURGnES,  24.  Paternoster  Row. 


%ahs  bjr  Jliution. 


The  valuable  Collection  of  Engravings  and  Drawings 
formed  by  the  late  Mr.  SYDNEY  GROSE. 

MESSRS.  SOTHEBY,  WILKINSON  &  HODGE 
will  SELL  bv  AUCTION  (by  order  of  the  Executors),  at  their 
House.  No.  13.  Wellington  Street.  Strand,  W.C,  on  MONDAY, 
April  fi,  and  Four  Following  Days,  at  1  o'clock  precisely,  the  valuable 
COLLECTION  of  ENGRAVINGS  and  DRAWINGS,  formed  by  the 
late  Mr.  SYDNEY  GROSE,  comprising  Fancy  Subjects.  Portraits, 
Ac,  principally  by  English  Artists  of  the  Eighteenth  Century, 
many  printed  in  Colours— a  large  number  of  Sjxirting  Prints,  mostly 
fine  old  Coloured  Impressions— Portraits  of  Celebrated  Americans— 
Naval  and  Topographical  Prints— Water-Colour  and  other  Drawings. 
May  be  viewed.    Catalogues  may  be  had. 

The  Collection  of  Coins  of  the  late  JULIUS  WITTS,  Esq., 
of  Altrincham. 

MESSRS.  SOTHEBY.WILKINSON  &  HODGE, 
(Auctioneers  of  Literary  Property  and  Works  illustrative 
of  the  Fine  Arts)  will  SELL  by  AUCTION  |by  order  of  the  Executors), 
at  their  House,  No.  13,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C,  on 
MONDAY',  April  13,  and  Following  Day.  at  1  o'clock  precisely,  the 
COLLECTION  of  COINS  of  the  late  JULIUS  WITTE,  Esq..  of 
Altrincham,  comprising  Ancient  British.  Anglo-Saxon,  and  English 
Silver  Coins,  an  extensive  series  of  English  Gold,  Scottish  Gold,  and 
Silver  Coins,  Colonial  and  Foreign,  Ac. 

May  be  viewed  two  days  prior.    Catalogues  may  be  had. 

Hare  and  Valuable  Books,  including  a  Selection  from  an  Old 
Country  Library,  the  Property  of  Sir  ARCHIBALD  W. 
WHITE,  Bart.,  of  WallingwelU,  Worksop. 

MESSRS.  HODGSON  &  CO.  will  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  at  their  Rooms,  115.  Chancery  Lane.  W.C,  on 
WEDNESDAY.  April  8.  and  Following  Day,  at  1  o'clock,  RARE  and 
VALUABLE  BOOKS,  conrprising  Books  in  Old  English  Literature 
selected  from  the  above  Library,  and  other  Properties— Drayton's 
Poemes  Lyrick  and  Pastoral  (1605)  and  the  Poems  of  1608— the  Fourth 
Folio  Shakespeare— Milton's  Paradise  Regained.  First  Edition.  1671, 
Ac.  in  1  vol.— Goldsmith's  Vicar  of  Wakefield.  First  Edition,  2  vols., 
1766.  and  other  Rare  Editions  in  Seventeenth  and  Eighteenth  Century 
Literature,  chiefly  in  old  Calf  Bindings  —  Parkinson's  Paradisi. 
Original  Edition.  1629,  and  other  Old  Herbals— Early  Book6  relating 
to  America,  including  a  Volume  of  Hulsius,  in  old  stamiied  vellum— 
nn  extensive  Collection  of  Economic  and  Political  Pamphlets,  in 
31  vols.,  1700-1742— Ackermann's  Oxford  and  Cambridge  Universities, 
4  vols,  uncut— Coloured  Plate  Books  by  Aiken  and  others,  in  the 
original  wrappers— a  Set  of  the  Annals  of  Sporting,  with  the  rare 
Last  Number,  13  vols.— Original  Edition  of  The  Germ— Old  Scrip 
Albums,  Ac. ;  also  valuable  Standard  Works,  comprising  the  Best 
Editions  of  Shakespeare,  Bacon.  Beaumont  and  Fletcher.  Swift. 
Bentham.  Froude  (30  vols.),  Ruskin  (33  vols),  and  many  others— the 
Edinburgh  Stevenson.  30  vols. —  a  Set  of  the  Tudor  Translations. 
40  vols.  —  Goupil's  Historical  Monographs,  including  the  Queen 
Elizabeth,  Ac— Boydell's  Shakespeare  Gallery,  and  other  Folio  Fine- 
Art  Hooks 

To  be  viewed,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Modern  Publications,  Remainders,  and  Miscellaneous  Books. 

MESSRS.  HODGSON  &  CO.  will  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  at  their  Rooms.  115.  Chancery  Lane,  W  C.  on 
TUESDAY,  April  14.  and  Following  Day.  MODERN  PUBLICA- 
TIONS and  REMAINDERS,  including  60  Vaughan's  Gossip  on  the 
Art  of  Printing  In  Colours— 78  Knight's  Old  England.  2  vols— 55 
Turbavne's  Monograms— Modern  Novels,  chiefly  new,  in  cloth— a 
Selection  of  Recent  Publications  from  the  Library  of  a  Reviewer.  Ac. 
—also  Miscellaneous  Books  in  all  classes  of  Literature,  comprising 
Fine  Art  and  Antiquarian  Books— Standard  Works  in  Philosophy. 
Science,  and  Travel— the  Writings  of  the  Modern  Novelists  and  Poets 
—Foreign  Literature,  Ac. 

Catalogues  on  application. 


M 


Cwriotititt, 

R.    STEVENS'S    NEXT   SALE  of  CURIO- 

SITIES  will  take  place  on  TUESDAY.  April  14.  and  will 
include  an  Interesting  COLLECTION  of  INCA  ALTAR  and  MUMMY 
CLOTHS.  GRAVE  POTS.  Ac;  also  Human  Skulls  from  different 
parts  of  the  world  — Silver  and  Brass  Coins— the  Writing  Desk  and 
Chair  used  bv  the  late  Mr  Bret  llarte  when  engaged  on  his  literary 
work— a  fow  lots  of  choice  old  oak  Furniture,  including  Two  Com- 
munion Chairs  from  Winchester  Cathedral,  supixised  to  lie  400  years 
old— Grandfather's  Clock— a  two-handled  Silver  Tankard,  alwut  140 
years  old.  weighing  181  ounces— Oriental  and  English  China— Pictures 
—Prints— Native  Curios  and  Weapons— and  the  usual  Miscellaneous 
Assortment. 

On  view  day  prior  10  to  5  and  morning  of  Sale.    Catalogues  on 
application. 


Salei  of  Miscellaneous  Property. 

MR.  .1.    C.    STEVENS   htm  to  announce  that 
KALES  »re  i  r    ;    1  '.  )  KY  FRIDAY.  »t   Ids  Rooms.  ML    King 
Htrert,  Corent  Garden.   Londo-  -be  disposal  of   M  I' 

M  "PK*.  SLIDES  and  •  ill  I  K<TI\  FJi  -Telescopes-Theodolite*— 
levels—  Electrical  end  Hdentlfic  InttrmumU— Vunera*.  Lenses.  n4 
all  kinds  of  Photographic  Api*r*t  us— Optical  Lanterns,  with  Slides 
and  all  Accessories  in  gTest  variety  by  Rest  Makers— Household 
Furniture— Jewellery— end  other  Miscellaneous  Property. 

On  view  Thursday  2  to  t  and  morning  of  Sale. 


Valuable  Book*,   including  terrral  unnll  Librarirk  removed 
from  the  Country,  and  oltirr  Properties. 

ESSRS.   PUTTICK  &  SIMPSON  will   SILL 


M' 


by  AUCTION  at  their  Galleries.  47.  Leicester  Square.  W  C. 
on  Monday.  April  U,  and  Following  D»y.  at  10  minutes  past 
1  o'clock  precisely,  the  above  LIBRARIES,  comprising  Standard 
Works  in  all  Branches  of  Literature— Starting  and  Dramatic  llooks— 
Books  with  Coloured  Plates  —  valuable  First  Edition,  including 
BheUeys  Adonals  and  St.  Irvyne— a  very  fine  Illuminated  Book  of 
Hours— a  Fifteenth-Century  MS.— and  other  Items,  further  particu- 
lars of  which  will  be  announced. 

(  italogues  in  preparation. 


MESSRS.  CHRISTIE,  MANSON  &  WOODS 
respectfully  give  notice  that  they  will  hold  the  following 
SALES  bv  AUCTION  at  their  Great  Rooms.  King  Street,  St.  James's 
Square,  the  Sales  commencing  at  1  o'clock  pre<  Im-1}  ;— 

On  TUESDAY,  April  7,  Fine  ENGRAVINGS, 

the    Property   of    the    late    T.    H.    ISMAY.    Esq..    and    the    late 
MARCHIONESS  CONYNGHAM. 

On    THURSDAY,    April   9,    OLD    ENGLISH 

SILVER  PLATE  from  various  sources. 

On  FRIDAY,  April  10,  the  COLLECTION   of 

ORIENTAL    PORCELAIN    formed    by    RICHARD    MILLS.    Esq.. 
deceased,  late  of  34.  Queen's  Gate  Terrace,  S.W. 

On  SATURDAY,  April  11,  the  COLLECTION 

of  MODERN  PICTURES  and  WATER-COLOUR  DRAWINGS  of  the 
ENGLISH   and  CONTINENTAL    SCHOOLS  of    THOMAS  W 
Esq..  late  of  2.  Mandeville  Place.  W.  .sold  by  order  of  the  Trustee  in 
Bankruptcy). 


lHagasfttus,  8ct. 


T 


APRIL  NUMBER  READY.    2s.  M.  net  ;  2s.  M.  post  free. 

HE       HIBBERT       JOURNAL. 

PRINCIPAL  ARTICLES: 

THE    DISTINCTIVE   THING    IN    CHRISTIAN    EXPERIENCE. 

By  the  Rev.  P.  T.  Forsyth,  D.D. 
RELIGIOUS    TRANSITION    AND    ETHICAL    AWAKENING    IS 

AMERICA.     By  Professor  A.  O.  Lovejoy. 
KNOWLEDGE  AND  FAITH.     By  O.  Lowes  Dickinson. 
THE    WORLD    VIEW    OF    A    POET:     Goethe s   Philosoplr.      By 

Prof.  Frank  Thilly. 

THE    CATHOLIC   CHURCH:    What  is  it?     By   the   Bight    Ree. 

Monsignor  Vaughan. 
THE  IMMORTALITY  OF  THE  SOUL.     Part   IX    By  Sir  Oliver 

Lodge. 
AN  AGNOSTIC'S  CONSOLATION.    By  Mrs.  H.  F.  Petersen. 
THE  DUALISM  OF  SAINT  AUGUSTINE.    By  Paul  E.  More. 
WAS  JESUS  A  "DIVINE  MAN"  AND   NOTHING  MORE?     Bv 

the  Rev.  R.  Morris.  M.A.  B.D. 
BRITISH    EXPONENTS    OF    PRAGMATISM.       By   Prof.    E     B 

M 'Gil  vary. 
'LAW.'    By  Prof.  F.  J.  C  Hearnshaw. 
Discussions.    Reviews.    Bibliography  of  Recent  Literature. 

WILLIAMS    A    NORGATE. 
14,  Henrietta  Street.  Covent  Garden.  London,  W.C. 


C 


0  N  T  E  M  P  0  R  A  R  Y 


REVIEW. 


APRIL.    2J.  6d. 
UNEMPLOYMENT  AND  IT8  CURE.    By  W.  H.  Beveridge. 

THE  PRESENT  TENDENCIES  OF  FRENCH  LITERATURE.    By 

M.  Edouard  Rod. 

MODERN    ATTACKS  ON  CHRISTIAN  ETHICS.    By  J.  Kenneth 

Mor.ley. 
LORD  CROMER  AND  GOVERNMENT   BY   JOURNALISM.     By 

W.  T.  Stead. 

EDUCATION  SUB  DIO.    By  J.  E.  G.  De  Montmorency. 

THE  RAISING  OF  LAZARUS.    By  Prof.  H.  M.  Owatkin. 

CAN    SCIENCE    ABOLISH    WAR?     By  Col    F.   N.    Maude,    CB. 
late  RE. 

MECHANISM  AND  LIFE.    By  Prof.  Marcus  Hartog. 
LITERARY  SUPPLEMENT:— 

A  NEW  STAGE  IN  THE  HOMERIC  QUESTION.    By  C.  T. 

REVIEWS  OF  BOOKS:— Lord  Cromer  and  Egypt—  The  Cities 
of  St.  Paul— Dr.  Wallace  on  Mars— Education  and  Nations] 
Life— The  Awakening  of  China— Martin  Luther's  Letters.  A  . 

London :  HORACE  MARSHALL  A  SON. 
FOURTH  SERIES.  No.  40.  St.  6d. 

CURTIS'S 

BOTANICAL         MAGAZINE. 
Coloured  Plates  with  Descriptions.  Structural  and  Historical,  of 
New  and  Rare  Plants. 
Edited    by    Dr.    PRAIN.    (IE.    LL.D.    F.R.S., 
Director  of  the  Royal  Botanic  Gardens.  Kew. 
Conleiifs. 
BULBOPHYLLUM  BINNENDI.'KII.  ,'AVA. 
KAEMPFERIA  KIRKII.  VAR.  ELATIOR.  RHODESIA. 
SAXIFRAGA  BRUNNONIANA.  INDIA. 
RHEUM  INOPINATUM.  TIBET. 
OLEARIA  CILIATA.  AUSTRALIA. 
MONOGRAPHS   of    the    GENERA    contained    in    the    THIRD 
SERIES  of  the  BOTANICAL  MAGAZINE  can  now  be  had  separately. 
List  of  Genera  on  application. 

London : 
LOVELL  REEVE  A  CO..  Ltd.,  6.  Henrietta  Street,  Corent  Garden. 


[Continued  on  p.  428.] 


No.  4197,  April  4,  1908 


THE    ATHENAEUM 


403 


INTERESTING     LITERARY    COMPETITION. 

THE    PROPRIETORS    OF 

Wright's   Coal   Tar  Soap 


OFFER    A 


CHEQUE    FOR    £20 

to  the  person  sending  a  correct  list  of  the  books  where  the  following  30  characters  are  to  be  found.  In  the  event  of  more  than  one  competitor  sending  a 
correct  list,  the  prize  will  be  equally  divided.  If  no  competitor  should  compile  a  complete  list,  the  prize  will  be  awarded  to  the  one  whose  list  contains  the 
greatest  number  of  correct  references. 


NAME    OF    CHARACTER. 

NAME    OF    BOOK. 

1.    Miss  Westonhaugh. 

1. 

2.    Estella  Vincente. 

2. 

3.    Babbie. 

3. 

4.    Roger  Chillingworth, 

4. 

5.    Bathsheba  Everdene. 

5. 

6.    L'Abbe  Faria. 

6. 

7.    Archibald  Carlyle. 

7. 

8.    Edith  Milbank. 

8. 

9.    Tom  Thurnall. 

9. 

10.    Ralph  Peden. 

10. 

11.    Will  Ladislaw. 

11. 

12.    Ezekiel  Daw. 

12. 

13.    Mr.  Oldbuck. 

13. 

14.    David  Balfour. 

U. 

15.    CaDtain  Mirvan. 

IS 

16.  Kate  Aubrey. 

17.  Mr.  B. 

16. 

17. 

18.    Henry  Tiiney. 

18. 

19.    Reuben  May. 

19. 

20.    Gerard. 

20. 

21.    Miss  Dunstable. 

21. 

22.  Philip  Hepburn. 

23.  Althea  Indagine. 

24.  Tilly  Slowboy. 

25.  Leonora  Nixon 

22. 

23. 

24. 

25. 

26.  Coquette  (Catherine  Cassilis). 

27.  Lord  rjiixmorp 

2fi. 

27. 

28     Mr   Hunsdpn 

2ft. 

29     Mrs   O'Dowd 

29. 

30.    Eugen  Courvoiser. 

30. 

This  form,  when  filled  in,  must  be  cut  out  and  forwarded  to  the  address  at  foot,  accompanied  by  the  top  portion  of  a  box  of  Wright's  C^al  Tar  Soap. 
These  ooxes  are  sold  everywhere,  It,  each,  and  contain  three  Ad.  tablets. 

No  correspondence  can  be  entertained.     Last  day  for  receiving  replies  MAY  16.     The  result  will  be  announced  in  the  Daily  T<  Ugraph  on  June  13. 

Address :    Character  Competition,  Wright's  Coal  Tar  Soap, 

66  68,  Park  Street,  Southwark,  London,  S.E. 


JIM 


Til  E     A  Til  KNjTCUM 


No.  4107,  April  i,  1908 


A    SELECTION    FROM 

KEGAN  PAUL,  TRENCH,  TEtJBNEE  &  C0:S  SPRING  LIST 


THE  PEOPLE  OF  THE  POLAR  NORTH 

A  Reoord  by  KNL'I)  RA8MUSSEN.  Being  a  presentment  of  the  life,  character,  customs,  legend*,  and  religious 
beliefs  of  the  Polar  Eskimos,  oolleoted  during  a  stay  amongst  them,  together  with  some  actual  experiences  narrated  by 
members  of  the  now  almost  extinct  race  of  the  East  Greenlanders,  and  a  collection  of  East  (ireenlindic  legends  and 
fables,  and  also  containing  sketches  of  life  among  the  Christianised  West  Greenlanders  of  the  present  day.  Compiled 
from   the    Danish    Originals   and    Edited    by    <:.    HERRING.      With    150   Illustrations    in    Colour   and   Black -and -White    bv 

Count  1IARAL1)  MOLTKE.     Royal  8vo,    1  vol.  price   M.    U.   net. 

A  WELL-KNOWN  CRITIC  WRITES  : — "  Never  before  has  any  narrative  brought  the  joys  and  troubles  of  Polar  travel,  the  real  meaning  (from  a 
psychological  point  of  view)  of  the  Arctic  night,  the  grim  struggle  for  life  in  the  Polar  regions,  before  me  more  vividly  and  more  intensely  than  this  book. 
No  one,  1  think  1  am  justified  in  saying,  has  ever  portrayed  the  primitiveness  of  the  people  in  their  habits,  customs,  and  folk-lore  with  the  same  intimacy, 
knowledge,  and  sympathy  as  the  author  shows.  It  literally  presents  the  '  soul  of  the  people '  in  a  critical  and  yet  not  unsympathetic  analysis,  and  that 
people  the  Eskimo  nation,  of  which  one  for  the  first  time  realizes  one"s  ignorance." 


THE  SAVIOUR  OF  THE  WORLD.   Vol.  I. 

THE  HOLY  INFANCY.  By  CHARLOTTE  M.  MASON.  Illustrated. 
Fcap.  8vo,  cloth,  price  3s.  6c/.  net. 

A     SKETCH     OF     ANGLO  -  INDIAN 

LITERATURE.  By  EDWARD  FARLAY  OATEN,  B.A.  LL.B. 
(Cantab.)  The  1907  Cambridge  University  Le  Bas  Essay.  Crown  8vo, 
price  3*.  6c/.  net. 

HALLECK'S      INTERNATIONAL     LAW; 

or,  Rules  in  Peace  and  War.  Fourth  Edition.  By  His 
Honour  Sir  G.  SHERSTON  BAKER,  Bart.,  Judge  of  County  Courts, 
Associate  of  the  Institut  de  Droit  International.  Assisted  by 
MAURICE  N.  DRUCQUER,  M.A.  LL.B.Lond.,  Barstow  Scholar, 
of  the  Middle  Temple,  Barrister-at-Law.  Brought  up  to  date  1908. 
2  vols,  medium  8vo,  cloth,  price  21.  2s.  net. 

"THE    CLASSIC   OF    WAR." 

CLAUSEWITZ    ON    WAR.      Translated   from 

the  German  of  General  CARL  VON  CLAUSEWITZ  by  Col.  J.  J. 
< ;  RAH  AM.  New  and  Revised  Edition,  with  Introduction  and  Notes 
by  Col.  F.  N.  MAUDE,  C.B.,  late  R.E.  Demy  8vo,  in  3  vols,  price 
1/.  la.  net. 

THE    CAMPAIGN    OF    SANTIAGO     DE 

CUBA.  By  HERBERT  H.  SARGENT,  Captain  Second  Cavalry, 
United  States  Volunteer  Infantry,  during  Spanish  American  War ; 
Lieutenant-Colonel  Twenty-ninth  United  States  Volunteer  Infantry, 
operations  in  the  Philippines,  &c,  Author  of  '  Napoleon  Bonaparte's 
First  Campaign'  and  'The  Campaign  of  Marengo.'  Large  crown  8vo, 
with  Maps,  in  3  vols,  price  21s.  net. 

WHAT    TO     KNOW      FOR     THE     "C" 

EXAMINATION.  By  Captain  J.  C.  HARDING  NEWMAN. 
Illustrated.     Fcap.  price  lis.  6c/.  net. 

SIDELIGHTS  ON    CHINESE    LIFE.      By 

the  Rev.  J.  MACGOWAN,  Author  of  'The  Imperial  History  of 
China.'  With  12  Illustrations  in  Colour  by  MONTAGUE  SMYTH, 
and  34  other  Illustrations.     Royal  8vo,  gilt  top,  cloth,  price  15*'.  net. 

SIR      LEWIS      MORRIS'S      COMPLETE 

WORKS.  Final  Edition,  with  Additional  Poems  and  Emendations, 
passed  for  press  only  a  few  days  before  his  death.  Crown  8vo,  cloth, 
price  6ft. 

A  PROLOGUE,  and   other   Poems.    By 

WILLIAM  GERRARD,  Author  of  '  Dolcino :  a  Tragedy.'  Crown 
8vo,  cloth,  price  3s.  6c/.  net. 

POEMS   OF    LOVE     AND    DEATH.      By 

LADY  LINDSAY,  Author  of  '  The  Prayer  of  St.  Scholastica,'  '  From 
a  Venetian  Balcony,'  'Godfrey's  Quest,'  &c.  Fcap.  8vo,  cloth  gilt, 
price  3s.  be/,  net. 

"  Veritable  gems,  perfect  alike  in  thought  and  technique Is  written 

witli  classic  grace  and  dignity The  little  volume  will  bo  bought  and  read 

and  treasured  by  all  lovers  of  truo  poetry,  and  will  most  certainly  enhance 
its  author's  already  high  reputation — place  her,  in  fact,  among  the  foremost 
of,  living  women  poets." — Lady. 

SONNETS,     SONGS,    AND     BALLADS. 

By  Rev.  E.  E.  BRADFORD.     Crown  8vo,  cloth,  price  2s.  6c/.  net. 


WHO'S     WHO      IN      AMERICA.        For 

1908-9.  Contains  the  life-history — brief,  crisp,  and  to  the  point — of 
every  living  American  man  or  woman  whose  achievements  have  made 
them  of  public  interest.  This  work  not  only  tells  who  the  leading 
people  are,  but  also  where  they  are.  It  gives  the  present  address  of 
every  person  mentioned  in  the  book.  No  other  work  furnishes  the  post- 
office  address  of  leading  Americans  in  all  parts  of  the  world.  Strong 
cloth  cover,  price  18<s.  net. 

INTERNATIONAL    SCIENTIFIC    SERIES. 

Edited  by  F.  LEGGE.— New  Vou  me>. 

THE    EVOLUTION   OF  FORCES.     By  Dr. 

GUSTAVE  LE  BON.     Crown  8vo,  price  os. 
An  original  work  on  the  nature  of  energy,  specially  writtten  for  the  Inter- 
national Scientific  Series  by  the  Author  of  '  L'E volution  de  la  Matiere. ' 

THE      RADIO-ACTIVE     SUBSTANCES: 

their     Properties     and     Behaviour.        By     'WALTER 

MAKOWER,  Assistant-Lecturer  in  Physics  at  the  Victoria  University 

of  Manchester.     Price  5s.  [End  of  month. 

This  book  gives  an  easily  understood  account  of  the  latest  experiments  and 

theories  regarding  radium  and  the  various  substances  related  to  it.     Special 

attention  is  paid  in  it  to  the  author's  own  discovery  of  the  effect  of  high 

temperatures  on  radium  emanation. 

INTRODUCTION    TO    THE     SCIENCE 

OF  ELECTRICITY.  Lectures  by  BRUNO  KOLBE,  Chief  Science 
Master  at  St.  Anna's  School,  St.  Petersburg.  Edited  and  Revised  by 
the  Author  for  publication  in  England.  Authorized  Translation  bv 
JOSEPH  SKELLON,  formerly  Master  at  Beaumont  College,  Old 
Windsor.     With  76  Illustrations.     Demy  8vo,  price  10s.  Qd.  net. 

THE  BEGINNINGS  of  the  TEMPORAL 

SOVEREIGNTY  OF  THE  POPES.  Bv  L  DUCHESNE. 
D.D.     Authorized  Translation  by  A.  H.  MATHEW.     Price  Is.  &/. 

CHURCHES  SEPARATED  from  ROME. 


By    L.     DUCHESNE,     D.D. 
MATHEW.     Price  Is.  6d. 


Authorized    Translation    bv    A.     H. 


HISTORY   OF  THE   GERMAN   PEOPLE 

AT  THE  CLOSE  OF  THE  MIDDLE  AGES.  Bv  TOHANNKS 
JANSSEN.  Translated  by  A.  M.  CHRISTIE.  12  vols.  Svo,  price 
25s.  per  2  vols. 

THE    HISTORY    OF    THE    POPES.      By 

I  )r.  LUDAYIG  PASTOR,  Vols.  VII.  and  VIII.  Translated  by  the  Rev. 
RALPH  KERR,  of  the  Oratory.     Demy  Svo,  price  12ft.  net  per  vol. 


A      PROPOSAL      FOR     A     SIMPLIFIED 


CALENDAR. 

paper  cover,  price  6c/.  net 


i 


Demy   8vo, 


COMPLETE      LIST      SENT      FREE      ON      APPLICATION. 


KEGAN  PAUL,  TRENCH,  TRUBNER  &  CO.,  Ltd.,  Drydcn  House,  Gerrard  Street,  W. 


No.  4197,  April  4,  1908 


THE    ATHENiEUM 


405 


MESSRS.  METHUEN'S    NEW   BOOKS. 


>^si/~- 


THE  POEMS  OF   WILLIAM  WORDSWORTH.     With  Intro- 
duction and  Notes  by  NOWELL  C.   SMITH,  late  Fellow  of  New  College,  Oxford. 
With  8  Frontispieces.     In  3  vols,  demy  8vo,  15s.  net. 
Mr.  Nowell  Smith  aims  at  giving  the  reader  an  accurate  text  according  to  the  latest 
edition  of  the  poet's  lifetime,  with  an  Introduction,  a  Chronological  Index  to  the  poems. 
and  Notes.     In  the  Notes  compression  has  been  much  studied,  but  it  has  been  Mr.  Nowell 
Smith's  aim  to  leave  no  passage,  about  which  the  average  cultivated  reader  might  feel  a 
difficulty,  without  an  explanation  or  an  attempt  at  one,  and.  by  indicating  the  sources  of 
quotations,  to  assist  in  appreciating  Wordsworth's  literary  affinities  and  methods. 

ADVANCED    GOLF.     By  James  Braid,  Open  Champion,   1901, 

1905,  and  1906.  With  over  90  Illustrations.  Demy  8vo,  10s.  fid.  net. 
This  book  is  intended  for  all  players  who  have  already  obtained  some  knowledge  of  the 
game,  even  if  only  a  slight  one.  By  taking  it  for  granted  that  the  reader  has  thus  had 
some  instruction  in  the  most  elementary  principles  of  the  game,  and  has  practised  it  a 
little,  the  author  is  enabled  to  dispense  with  many  chapters  usually  contained  in  books  of 
golf,  and  the  space  thus  set  free  is  devoted  to  a  complete  exposition  of  the  fine  points  of  the 
game  such  as  has  never  been  made  before. 

THE    COMPLETE    COOK.     By    Miss    L.    Whitling,    late    Staff 

Teacher  of  the  National  Training  School  of  Cookery.  With  many  Illustrations. 
Demy  8vo,  7s.  fid.  net. 
Two  special  features  are— first,  the  foot-notes  given  with  most  recipes,  suggesting  how 
to  simplify,  enrich,  or  vary  the  ingredients,  utensils,  mode  of  cooking,  &c,  in  such  a  way 
that  the  actual  number  of  recipes  given  is  almost  doubled.  Sucond,  the  simple  measures 
used  in  lieu  of  scales  and  weights,  which  are  valueless  to  travellers,  to  those  stationed 
abroad,  and  to  the  average  cook  with  her  racial  antipathy  to  their  use. 

The  Principles  of  Cookery  and  the  rules  deduced  from  them  are  given  almost  for  the 
first  time  in  print. 

A  STAR  OF  THE  SALONS.     By  Camilla  Jebb.     With  20  Illus- 

trations.     Demy  8vo,  ]0s.  fid.  net. 
The  life  story  of  Mile,   de  Lespinasse,  her  times  (1732-76)  and   her  contemporaries, 
her  strange  early  history,  her  friendships,  and  her  love  story. 

FOLK-LORE  AS  AN  HISTORICAL  SCIENCE.    By  G.  L.  Gomme. 

With  many  Illustrations.     Demy  8vo,  7s.  fid.  net.  [The  Antiquary's  Books. 

THE   REAL  INDIA.     By  J.  D.  Rees,  CLE.  M.P.     Demy  8vo, 

10s.  fid.  net. 
This  work  gives   an   abstract   of    the    history  of    India,   showing   how    the   present 
dispensation  arose,  and  how  it  differs  from  its  predecessors.     Chapters  deal  with  how 
India  is  actually  governed,  with  the  land  system,  with  the  Native  States,  with  the  frontier 
question,  with  the  problems  of  the  present  day  in  India,  and  possible  or  desirable  reforms. 

THE    ROMANCE    OF   GEORGE   YILLIERS,   FIRST   DUKE 

OF    BUCKINGHAM,   AND    SOME     MEN    AND    WOMEN    OF    THE    STUART 
COURT.     By  PHILIP  GIBBS.     With  many  Illustrations.     Demy  8vo,  15s.  net. 
"A  lucid,  impartial,  and  most  entertaining  account." — Daily  Chronicle. 
"Full  of  interest  and  action,  this  new  biography  must  lie  pronounced  a  sound  and 
attractive  contribution  to  the  lighter  side  of  seventeenth-century  history." 

Manchester  Guardian. 
"  This  career,  unfolded  with  painstaking  reference  to  authorities,  is  as  fascinating  as 
any  romance." — Glasgow  News. 

"With  deft,  felicitous  touches,  Mr.  Gihbs  reveals  the  heart  of  the  man  beneath  the 
velvet  and  pearls,  a  heart  so  courageous  and  gallant  that  men  and  women  alike  yielded  to 
its  charm." — Daily  Telegraph. 

"A  flowing  narrative,  packed  with  scholarly  detail,  and  diversified  by  general  pictures 
of  the  life  of  the  English  Court  in  the  reign  of  the  first  two  Stuarts."— Scotsman. 

ON    NOTHING    AND    KINDRED    SUBJECTS.      By  Hilaire 

BELLOC,  M.P.     Fcap.  8vo,  5s. 

"  The  reader  of  this  delicious  book  will  enjoy  the  fruits  of  a  wit  scintillating  and  self- 
sufficing." — Daily  Telegraph. 

"  It  is  all  delightful  writing,  with  that  particular  smack  of  quaintr.ess  in  the  English 
that  is  Mr.  Belloc  s  own." — Outlook. 

"  Luminous,  humorous,  and  uplifting  pages." — DaVy  Chronicle. 

"  It  is  all  very  delightful." — Daily  News. 

FURTHER    STUDIES    IN    THE    PRAYER   BOOK.    By  John  \ 

OOWDEN.  D.D.  Hon.  LL.D.  (Edinburgh).  Bishop  of  Edinburgh.     Crown  8vo,  6s. 
This  l>ook  deals  \\  ith  some  of  the  more  minute  problems  in  the  history  and  interpreta- 
tion of  the  Book  of  C'.mmon  Prayer.    The  Order  of  the  Holy  Communion  receives  special 
attention.    A  guide  to  the  literature  of  Prayer  Book  history  and  criticism  is  prefixed. 

PRECES     PRIVATE.      By    Lancelot    Andrewes,    Bishop    of 

Winchester.  Translated  by  F.  E.  BRIGHTMAN,  M.A.,  Canon  of  Lincoln.  Edited,  with 
an  Introduction  by  A.  E.  BURN,  D.D.    Small  pott  8vo,  cloth,  2s.  ;  leather,  2s.  fid.  net. 

[Library  of  Devotion. 

THE     CRIMES     OF     ALI     PASHA    AND     OTHERS.      By 

ALEXANDRIA  DUMAS.     With  it  Illustrations,  crown  8vo,  Us. 

THE  SAINTS  IN  ART.     By  Margaret  E.  Tabor.     With  20  Illus- 

trations.     FcaD.  8TO,  3*.  fid.  net. 
This  book  gives  short  accounts  of  all  the  more  important  saints  represented  in  art,  wit  h 
the  legends  connect)  d  with  them,  ami  explanations  of  their  attributes,  or  symbols. 

FAMOUS  FRENCH  SALONS. 

Illustrations.     Demy  8vo,  12f.  6</.  net. 
The  book  deals  with   those  in  the  very  forefront  among  Salonieres.  namely  Madame  de 
Hambouillet.  la  Grande  Mademoiselle,   the  incomparable  Ninon  de  Lenclosi  Madame  de 
gevignc.  Madame  de  Mainlnuoii,   Madame  du   Deffand,  Mile,  de  Lespinasse,  Mi'dame  de 
Staei,  ami  Madame  Becamler. 

DISEASES    OF    OCCUPATION.       By    Thomas    Oliver.    M.D. 

With  Illustrations.     Demy  Hvo,  10*.  fid.  net.  [  The  New  Library  of  Medicine. 

The  object  of  tho  book  is  to  present  to  the  general  reader,  to  statesmen,  employers 
of  labour,  medical  men,  anil  all  interested  in  industrial  hygiene,  a  short  but  Comprehensive 
account  of  rtUensei  due  to  occupation. 

FUNCTIONAL    NERVE    DISEASES.      By    A.    T.    Roiiokikld, 

M.D.,  Hon.  I'hys.  Frledenhclm  Hospital.     With  .1  Dingrams.     Demy  Bvn,  1*.  fid.  net. 

[The  New  Library  of  Medicine, 


FICTION. 


MANY   JUNES. 


second  edition. 
By  Archibald  Marshall,  Author  of  '  Exton 


By  Frank  Hamel.      With  many 


Manor.'    Crown  8vo,  6s. 
"A  complete  picture,  wholly  interesting." — Morning  Post. 
"  A  finished  and  delightful  work." — Morning  Leader. 

"  From  the  first  page  to  the  last  the  story  grips  and  interests  ;  it  is  [full  of  observation, 
and  contains  many  passages  of  great  tenderness  and  beauty."—  Country. Life. 
"  Very  fascinating." — Sphere. 

THE     SENTIMENTAL    ADVENTURES    OF    JIMMY     BUL- 

STRODE.      By  MARIE  VAN  VORST,  Author  of  'The  Sin  of  George  Warrener.' 
Crown  8vo,  6s. 
"  Imagined  with  great  originality  and  described  with  much  charm  aud  subtlety." 

Scotsman. 
"Extremely  refreshing  to  read,  the  situation  and  the  sentiment  are  so  extremely  whole- 
some, sane,  and  dignified." — Daily  Graphic. 

THE  DUKE'S  MOTTO.     By  J.  H.  McCarthy,  Author  of  '  If  I 

were  King.'    Crown  8vo,  6s. 

"  In  quick  invention,  rapid  movement,  and  brilliant  colouring  it  is  worthy  of  takirg  a 
place  among  the  best  things  of  its  kind." — Scotsman. 

"  In  this  gay  aud  gallant  romance  we  have  revived  for  us  something  of  the  spirit  of 
Dumas  at  his  best." — Glasgow  News. 

"A  capital  story,  with  a  thrill  on  every  page."— Daily  Express. 

"  A  charming  ami  irresistibly  attractive  romance."—  Dundee  Courier. 

"  The  book,  we  believe,  will  be  even  a  greater  triumph  than  the  play." 

Freeman's  Journal. 

"  May  be  placed  side  by  side  with    Stanley   Weyman's  and    Anthony   Hope's    best 
romantic  stories,  and  shows  Mr.  M'Carthy  at  his  test." — Aberdeen  Free  Press. 

THE    COWARD    BEHIND    THE     CURTAIN.      By    Richaud 

MARSH.     Crown  8vo,  6s. 
"  A  story  in  which  romance  and  humour  are  admirably  blended."—  Glasgow  News. 
"  Mr.  Marsh  is  at  his  best— both  his  cleverest  and  his  highest — in  this  delicious  story." 
"The  interest  of  the  tale  never  flags." — Edinburgh  Evening  News.  Scotsman. 

THIRD  EDITION. 

FLOWER  0'  THE  ORANGE.     By  Agnes  and  Egerton  Castle. 

With  a  Frontispiece  in  Colour.     Crown  8vo,  6». 
"  In  each  there  are  the  sparkle  of  romance  and   the  glow  of  the  adventurous  and 
impatient  spirit  of  youth."—  Scotsman. 

"  Tho  winds  of  chivalry  and  elegant  passion  blow  through  these  pages." — Daily  Chronicle. 
"  A  casket  of  gems." — Birmingham  Gazette. 

THE  VIRGIN  WIDOW.     By  Randal  Charlton.     Crown  8vo,  6s. 

"A  fine  novel,  written  with  masterly  instinct  and  knowledge." — Daily  Express. 

"  A  tale  that  throbs  with  passion  from  first  to  last  and  is  kept  admirably  in  character." 

Sunday  Times. 
"  It  is  a  powerful  story,  in  which  there  are  many  wonderful  scenes." — Academy. 

SECOND    EDITION. 

COLONEL    KATE.      By    K.    L.    Montgomery,   Author  of   'The 

Cardinal's  Pawn.'    Crown  8vo,  fis. 
"An   eventful  story,   stirring,   full  of  colour,   and  marked  by    true    literary   work- 
manship."— Daily  Mail. 

"  A  romance  lull  of  spirit  and  the  joy  of  life." — Daily  News. 

SECOND    EDITION. 

THE    BAD    TIMES.     By   George  A.   Birmingham.     Crown  8vo, 

6s. 
"  A  strong,  wholesome  book,  partly  political,  partly  romantic,  and  wholly  interesting." 
"  A  strong,  clean,  and  wholesome  book." — Daily  Mail.  Daily  Express. 

THE    SCOURGE.      By   Warrington   Dawson,  Author  of    'The 

Scar.'    Crown  8vo,  fis. 
"  The  story  is  largely  and  finely  conceived."—  Times. 
"  A  well-written,  uucommon,  and  even  distinguished  novel."— Morning  Leader. 

A    SHEAF    OF    CORN.      By  Mary   E.  Mann,   Author  of '  The 

Sheep  and  the  Goats.'    Second  Edition.     Crown  8vo,  fis. 
"They  are  dramas  in  miniature."—  Scotsman. 

"Mrs.  Mann  has  the  art  intimately  and  sin; erely  to  write  of  the  life  of  the  very  poor 
without  alienating  sympathy."—  Manchester  Guardian. 

THE  MAGISTRATE'S  OWN  CASE.      By  Baron  Rosenkrantz. 

Crown  8vo,  6s. 
"  A  study  in  criminal  investigation  of  considerable  originality  and  constructive  skill." 

Times. 

SECOND    EDITION. 

MAN     AND    THE    CASSOCK.      By  Mrs.   David   G.    Ritchie. 

Crown  8vo,  6». 
"This  novel  is  a  striking  achievement..  ..impossible  to  skip  a  single  page  of  a  singularly 
engrossing  book.     It  is  not  long,  yet  there  is  more  wit  than  is  to  t>e  found  in  twenty. 
Mrs.  Kitchie  is  extraordinarily  sensitive  to  the  lighter  side  of  the  human  comedy." 

Spectator. 

THE  YOUNG   COLUMBINE.     By  Dorothea  Deakin.     With    a 

Frontispiece  by  LEWIS  HAUMKR.     Crown  Bvo,  ft. 
"  Humour,  tenderness,  sympathy,  and  a  idee  sense  of  human  nature  go  to  the  making 
of  Miss  Deakin's  book,  which  is  outside  the  ordinary  lines  of  fiction,  and  full  of  individual 
charm."—  Westminster  Gazette. 

A  POPPY  SHOW.     A  Volume  of  Stories.     By  IL  B.  Marriott 

WATSON.     Crown  Hvo,  6». 
"  The  Indefinable  charm  of  Mr.  Watson's  writing   and  his  graceful  wit  make  a  book  for 
all  to  read  and  enjoy."— Pall  Mall  Gazette. 


Pleaie  write  at  onoe  to  Messrs.  METHUEN  for  their  LIST  of  NEW  BOOKS.     It  is  well  illustrated,  and  very  interesting. 

Send  a/so  for  their  LIST  of  NEW  NOVELS. 

METHUEN  &  CO.  36,  Essex  Street,  London,  W.C. 


406 


T  H  i:     AT  II  KNvEUM 


No.  4107,  April  4,  1008 


MR.   MURRAY'S  STANDARD  WORKS. 


AUSTIN,  JOHN. 

LECTURES  ON  .MitisiMunKNCK.    Edited  by 

Robert  Campbell.    2  vols  demy  svo,  :<2s.   „____ 

STUDKNT'H    EDITION  ()K  AUSTIN'S  JURIS 

1MM  DENCK     By  ROBERT  CAMPBELL.     Crown  8vo, 

ANALYSIS    OF    AUSTINS    JURISPRUDENCE.       By 

Gordon  Campbell.    Crown  8to,  8* 
THF  M  siIMAN  THEORY  OF  LAW.     With  Critical 
Note*  and  Bzennu  by  w.  Jetiiko  Brown.    Demy 
mii,  10*.  <ki,  net 

BIBLE   COMMENTARY. 

Explanatory  and  Critical.     With  B  Revision  of  the 
Translation.      By    Bishops    and    CLERGY    OK   THF. 

Anglican  Church.    Edited  by  Canon  F.  c.  Cook, 

MA. 
THE  OLD  TESTAMENT.     6  vols,  medium  8vo. 
THE  NEW  TESTAMENT.     4  vols,  medium  8vo. 
THE  APOCRYPHA.     By  Various  Writers.    Edited 
by    the    Very    ltev.    HENRY    WaCE,    D.D.      2    vols, 
medium  8vo. 

(Arrangements   have   been    made    with    Booksellers 
enabling  them  to  offer  special  terms  for  the  above  work 
complete.) 
THE  STUDENT'S  EDITION.    Abridged  and  Edited  by 
the  Rev.  J.  M.  Fuller,  M.A.    6  vols,  crown  8vo, 
la.  firf.  each. 
OU)  TESTAMENT.     4  vols. 
NEW  TESTAMENT.     2  vols. 

(Arrangements  have  been  made  with  Booksellers 
enabling  them  to  offer  special  terms  for  the  above  work 
complete.) 

BORROW,  GEORGE. 

(The  only  Authorized  and  Complete  Edition  of  his 
Works.) 
THE  BIBLE   IN    SPAIN.     New  Edition,  in  1  vol.  6s. 

Cheap  Edition,  2s.  6d.  net. 
LAVENGRO  :  the  Scholar,  the  Gypsy,  the  Priest     New 

Edition,  illustrated,  6s.    Cheap  Edition,  2s.  (id.  net 
ROMANY   RYE.     A  Sequel   to  '  Lavengro. '    New  Edi- 
tion, illustrated,  6s.     Cheap  Edition,  2s.  6d.  net 
THE  GYPSIES  OF  SPAIN.    New  Edition,  illustrated, 

6s.    Cheap  Edition,  2s.  6rf.  net 
WILD    WALES:   its    People,  Language,  and  Scenery. 

New  Edition,  illustrated,  6s.     Cheap  Edition,  2s.  6d. 

net 
ROMANO  LAVO  LIL.   The  Word  Book  of  the  Romany  or 

English  Gypsy  Language.    6s.    Cheap  Edition,  2s.  6d. 

net. 

BROWN,  HORATIO  F. 

STUDIES    IN    THE    HISTORY    OF    VENICE.    2  vols, 
demy  8vo,  18s.  net. 

BYRON,  LORD,  The  Works  of. 

A  New  Text,   Collated  with  the  Original   MSS.  and 
Revised  Proofs,  with  many  hitherto  Unpublished  Addi- 
tions.    With  Bibliographies  and  full  Indices.     With 
Portraits  and  Illustrations.   13  vols,  crown  8vo,  6s.  each. 
POETRY.    7  vols.    Edited  by  Ernest  H.Colekidge. 
LETTERS.       6    vols.      Edited    by    Rowland     E. 
Pkotiiero,  M.V.O. 
LIFE,    LETTERS,     AND    JOURNALS.      By    Thomas 

MOORE.     Portraits.     Royal  8vo,  7s.  6d. 
POETICAL    WORKS.      Popular    Edition.      Royal  8vo, 
7s.  6<f. 

POETICAL  WORKS.    The  only  Complete  and  Copyright 

Text  in  one  Volume.      With  Portrait     Crown  8vo, 

6s.  net 
DON    JUAN.     Complete    in    one    Volume,    with    New 

Additional  Stanzas  published  for  the  first  time  in  1904. 

6k. 
THE  CONFESSIONS  OF  LORD  BYRON.     Arranged  by 

W.  A.  Lewis  Bettanv.    With  2  Portraits,  10s.  6d. 

net 

CRIPPS,   WILFIRD. 

OLD  ENGLISH  PLATE.  Ninth  Edition,  with  123 
Illustrations  and  2,000  Facsimile  Plate  Marks,  8vo, 
21s.  net 

•»•  Tables  of  the  Date  -  Letters  and  Marks  sold 
separately,  5s. 

DARWIN,  CHARLES. 

CROSS  AND  SELF-FERTILIZATION  IN  THE  VEGE- 
TABLE KINGDOM.     Crown  Svo,  9s. 

DESCENT  OF  MAN,  AND  SELECTION  IN  RELA- 
TION TO  SEX.  Woodcuts.  Library  Edition,  2  vols, 
lit.     Popular  Edition,  'In.  lid.  net 

DIFFERENT  FORMS  OF  FLOWERS  ON  PLANTS 
OF  THE  SAME  SPECIES.     Crown  8vo,  7s.  6rf. 

EXPRESSION  OF  THE  EMOTIONS  IN  MAN  AND 
ANIMALS.  With  Illustrations.  Crown  8vo,  12s. 
Popular  Edition,  2s.  6<f.  net 

FORMATION  OF  VEGETABLE  MOULD  THROUGH 
THE  ACTION  OF  WORMS.  Illustrations.  Crown 
8vo,  6s.     Popular  Edition,  2s.  (hi.  net. 

INSECTIVOROUS  PLANTS.    Woodcuts.    Crown  8vo,  9s. 

JOURNAL  OF  A  NATURALIST  DURING  A  VOYAGE 
ROUND  THE  WORLD.  Popular  Edition,  with 
Illustrations,  2s.  6<f.  net 


DARWIN,    CHARLES.      Continual. 

MOVEMENTS  AND  HABITS 01  'CLIMBING  PLANTS. 

Woodcuts.     Crown  Svo,  'it.  fid.  net. 
ORIGIN   OF  SPECIES   BY    MEANS   OF    NATURAL 

SELECTION.     6s.     Popular  Edition,  2*.  M.  net  ,  am  I 

in  paper  cover,  Is.  int. 
VARIATION   OK    ANIMALS  AND   PLANTS   UNDER 

DOMESTICATION.      Woodcut*,  I   vols,  crown  8to, 

16a     Popular  Edition,  2  vols.  5s.  net. 
VARIOUS  CONTRIVANCES  BY  WHICH   ORCHIDS 

ARE    FERTILIZED    BY     INSECTS.      Woodenta 

Crown  8vo,  7s.  6rf.     Popular  Edition,  2s.  0</.  net 

ELPHINSTONE,    Hon.    M. 

HISTORY  OF  INDIA.  Ninth  Edition.  Demy  8vo, 
15s.  net 

FERGUSSON,   JAMES. 

HISTORY  OF  ARCHITECTURE  IN  ALL  COUNTRIES 
FROM  THE  EARLIEST  TIMES.     With  1,700  Illus- 
trations, 5  vols,  medium  8vo,  61.  6s. 
Vols.  I.  and  II.— ANCIENT  AND  MEDIEVAL,  63s. 
Vol.  1II.-INDIAN  AND  EASTERN,  31s.  (id. 
Vols.  IV.  and  V.— MODERN,  ME  Od. 

(Arrangements  have  been  made  with  Booksellers 
enabling  them  to  offer  special  terms  for  the  above 
work  complete.) 

GIBBON,  EDWARD. 

HISTORY  OF  THE  DECLINE  AND   FALL  OF  THE 
ROMAN  EMPIRE.    Edited,  with  Notes,  by  Milman, 
Guizot,  and  Sir  William  Smith.      Maps,  8  vols, 
demy  8vo,  7s.  6d.  each. 
(Arrangements    have    been    made    with  Booksellers 

enabling  them   to  offer  special   terms  for   the  above 

work  complete.) 

GOLDSMITH,  OLIVER,  Works  of. 

Edited,  with  Notes,  by  Peter  Cunningham,  Vignettes, 

4  vols.  8vo,  7s.  6d.  each. 

(Arrangements  have  been  made  with  Booksellers 
enabling  them  to  offer  special  terms  for  the  above 
work  complete.) 

GROTE,    GEORGE. 

HISTORY  OF  GREECE.  Portrait,  Map,  and  Plans, 
10  vols,  crown  8vo,  5s.  each.  (The  Volumes  may  be 
had  separately.) 

(Arrangements  have  been  made  with  Booksellers 
enabling  them  to  offer  special  terms  for  the  above 
work  complete.) 

HALLAM,    HENRY. 

THE  CONSTITUTIONAL  HISTORY  OF   ENGLAND. 

Library  Edition,  3  vols.  8vo,  30s.     Cabinet  Edition, 

3  vols,  post  8vo.  12s.     Student's  Edition,  crown  8vo, 

7s.  6d. 
HISTORY    OF    EUROPE    DURING    THE    MIDDLE 

AGES.      Cabinet    Edition,    3    vols,    post   8vo,    12s. 

Student's  Edition,  crown  Svo,  7s.  (ii. 
LITERARY  HISTORY  OF   EUROPE   DURING   THE 

15TH.    16TH,     AND    17th    CENTURIES.      Library 

F'.dition,  3  vols.   Svo,  36s.    Cabinet  Edition,   4  vols. 

post  8vo,  16s. 

JULIAN,    Rev.    JOHN. 

A  DICTIONARY  OF  HYMNOLOGY.  Second  Edition. 
With  New  Supplement.     Medium  8vo,  21s.  net 

MAINE,  Sir  HENRY  S. 

ANCIENT  LAW.  With  Introduction  and  Notes  by  Sir 
Frederick  Pollock,  Bart    Demy  8vo,  5s.  net 

ANCIENT  LAW.     2s.  6rf.  net. 

INTRODUCTION  AND  NOTES  TO  MAINE'S 
ANCIENT  LAW.  By  Sir  Frederick  Pollock, 
Bart     2s.  6<f.  net. 

VILLAGE  COMMUNITIES  IN  THE  EAST  AND 
WEST.     Demy  8vo,  9s. 

LECTURE  ON  THE  EARLY  HISTORY  OF  INSTITU- 
TIONS.    Demy  Svo,  9s. 

DISSERTATIONS  ON  EARLY  LAW  AND  CUSTOM. 
Demy  8vo,  9s. 

POPULAR  GOVERNMENT.     Demy  Svo,  7s.  6if. 

INTERNATIONAL  LAW.     Demy  Svo,  7s.  M. 

MILMAN,  Dean. 

HISTORY  OF  THE  JEWS.     3  vols.  post8vo,  4s.  each. 
EARLY  CHRISTIANITY.    3  vols,  post  8vo,  4s.  each. 
LATIN  CHRISTIANITY'.     9  vols,  post  Svo,  4s.  each. 
(Arrangements   have   been   made   with    Booksellers 

enabling  them  to  offer  special  terms  for  complete  sets 

of  the  above  works.) 

MOLMENTI.  POMPEO. 

HISTORY  OF  VENICE.     Translated  by   Horatio  F. 

Brown.     3  parts  (2  vols,  each),  demy  Svo,  21s.  net 

each  part. 
Part    L— VENICE  IN  THE  MIDDLE  AGES. 
Part  II.— VENICE  IN  THE  GOLDEN  AGE. 

MOTLEY,  JOHN  LOTHROP. 

THE  UNITED  NETHERLANDS.  Portraits.  4  vols, 
crown  Svo,  6s.  each.  Also  Library  Edition.  Demy 
Svo,  4  vols.  10s.  6if.  net  each. 

LIFE  AND  DEATH  OF  JOHN  OF  BARNEVELD. 
Illustrations.  2  vols,  crown  8vo,  St,  each.  Also 
Library  Edition.     Demy  Svo,  2  vols.  10s.  6<f.  net  each. 

THE  RISE  OF  THE  DUTCH  REPUBLIC.  With  Illus- 
trations. Library  Edition.  Demy  Svo,  3  vols. 
10s.  6d.  net  each. 


POPE,  ALEXANDER,  Life  and  Works  of 

With  Introduction-  and  Notes  by  J.  W.  Crokkk,  ):■ 
W.    Elwi.n,  and   W.   J.   Cot  ktiiopk.     10   »ol*.     With 
Portraits.    Dewy  8vo,  10*.  6d.  tyich. 
(Arrangements    liave   been    made    with    Booksellers 
ng   them   to   o!i.-r   -pecial    terms  for  the  above 
WOtk  complete.) 

ROBERTSON,  Canon. 
HISTORY  OF  THE  CHRISTIAN  CHURCH,  from  the 
Apostolic   Age   to   the   Reformation,   1517.       fc   vols, 
crown  Svo,  6s.  eu<  h. 

(Arrangements  have  been  made  with  Book-ellers 
enabling  them  to  offer  special  terms  for  the  above 
work  complete.) 

SMITH,  Sir  WM.,  Dictionaries. 

DICTIONARY  OF  THE  BIBLE.  With  Illustrations. 
3  vols.  Enlarged  and  Revised  Edition,  medium  8vo, 
42.  4s. 

(Complete  sets  of  the  above  work  may  be  purchased 
through  any  Bookseller  at  reduced  rates.) 

CONCISE  DICTIONARY  OF  THE  BIBLE.  Medium 
8vo,  21s. 

SMALLER  DICTIONARY  OF  THE  BIBLE.  Crown 
8vo,  7s.  Od. 

DICTIONARY  OF  CHRISTIAN  ANTIQUITIES.  With 
Illustrations.    2  vols,  medium  8vo,  3(.  13*.  Gd. 

DICTIONARY  OF  CHRISTIAN  BIOGRAPHY, 
LITERATURE,  SECTS,  AND  DOCTRINES.  4  vols, 
medium  8vo,  6/.  16s.  6d. 

DICTIONARY  OF  GREEK  AND  ROMAN  ANTI- 
QUITIES. Third  Edition,  with  900  Illustrations. 
2  vols,  medium  Svo,  31s.  M.  each. 

CONCISE  DICTIONARY  OF  GREEK  AND  ROMAN- 
ANTIQUITIES.  Edited  by  F.  Warke  Corm-h, 
M.A.     With  over  1,100 Illustrations.   Medium  8vo,  21«. 

SMALLER  DICTIONARY  OF  GREEK  AND  ROMAN 
ANTIQUITIES.  With  200  Woodcuts.  Crown  Svo, 
7s.  Crf. 

DICTIONARY  OF  GREEK  AND  ROMAN  BIO- 
GHAPHY  AND  MYTHOLOGY.  Illustrated  by  564 
Engravings  on  Wood.     In  3  vols,  medium  Svo,  4L  4*. 

CLASSICAL  DICTIONARY  of  BIOGRAPHY,  MYTHO- 
LOGY, AND  GEOGRAPHY.  Revised  Edition.  By 
G.  E.  Marindin,  M.A.  With  over  800  Woodcuts. 
Svo,  18s. 

SMALLER  CLASSICAL  DICTIONARY  OF  BIO- 
GRAPHY, MYTHOLOGY",  AND  GEOGRAPHY. 
With  200  Woodcuts.  Revised  by  G.  E.  Marinmn, 
M.A.    Crown  Svo,  7s.  6d. 

DICTIONARY  OF  GREEK  AND  ROMAN  GEO- 
GRAPHY'. Illustrated  by  534  Engravings  on  YVood. 
2  vols,  medium  Svo,  56s. 

COMPLETE  LATIN  •  ENGLISH  DICTIONARY. 
Medium  8vo,  16s. 

SMALLER  LATIN-ENGLISH  DICTIONARY.  Square 
12nio.  7s.  Gd. 

COPIOUS  AND  CRITICAL  ENGLISH  -  LATIN- 
DICTIONARY.     Medium  Svo,  16s. 

SMALLER  ENGLISH-LATIN  DICTIONARY.  Squr.ie 
12iuo,  7s.  6<f. 

STANLEY,  Dean. 

SINAI  AND  PALESTINE  IN  CONNECTION  YVITH 
THEIR  HISTORY'.     With  Mam.     5s.net 

THE  BIBLE  IN  THE  HOLY  LAND.  With  Illustra- 
tions.   Is.  net. 

HISTORY  OF  THE  JEWISH  CHURCH.  YVith  Por- 
trait, Maps,  and  Plans.     3  vols.     2s.  &/.  net  each. 

HISTORY  OF  THE  EASTERN  CHURCH.  YVith  Map. 
2&  Cxi.  net 

HISTORY  OF  THE  CHURCH  OF  SCOTLAND.     7s.  6.?. 

HISTORICAL  MEMORIALS  OF  CANTERBURY. 
With  Illustrations.  6s.  Popular  Edition.  YVith 
Illustrations.    2s.  Gd.  net 

HISTORICAL  MEMORIALS  OF  WESTMINSTER 
ABBEY'.     YVith  Illustrations.     15s. 

CHRISTIAN  INSTITUTIONS.  Essays  on  Ecclesiastical 
Subjects.    2s.  Gd,  net 

ESSAYS.  CHIEFLY  ON  QUESTIONS  OF  CHURCH 
AND  STATE.  FROM  1S50  TO  1S70.    6s. 

LIFE  AND  CORRESPONDENCE  OF  THOMAS 
ARNOLD,  D.D.  YVith  Portrait  Crown  Svo,  2  vols. 
12s.    Cheap  Edition.    YVith  Illustrations,    2s.6d.net. 

SWITHINBANK,  HAROLD,  and 
NEWMAN,  GEORGE. 

BACTERIOLOGY'  OF  MILK.  YVith  numerous  Illustra- 
tions.    tSa.  net. 

WALTERS,  HENRY  B. 

A    HISTORY    OF    ANCIENT    POTTERY.      Based   on 
Samuel  Birch's  famous  work.     YVith  numerous  Illus- 
trations.   2  vols.  SI.  Be,  net 
YULE,  Colonel  Sir  HENRY. 

THE  BOOK  OF  SER  MARCO  POLO.  Revised  through- 
out in  the  light  of  Modern  Discoveries  by  Professor 
HENRI  Cokpif.k.  Wit*  a  Memoir  of  Henry  Yule,  by 
his  Daughter.  With  Maps  and  Illustrations.  I  vols, 
medium  Svo,  Si.  Be  net. 

YULE,  Colonel  Sir  HENRY  and 
BURNELL,   ARTHUR   COKE. 

HOBSON  JOBSON.  Being  a  Clonal?  of  Anglo-Indian 
Colloquial  Words  and  Phrases,  Ac.  New  Edition, 
thoroughly  Revised  by  William  Crooke.  Demy  Svo. 
28s.  net. 


JOHN  MURRAY,  Albemarle  Street,  W. 


No.  4197,  April  4,  1908 


THE    ATHENAEUM 


407 


BY  THE  THREE  GREAT  NOVELISTSof  the  DAY 


SOMEHOW  GOOD. 

BY 

WILLIAM   DE  MORGAN. 

[4th  Impression. 
"To  define  the  secret  of  Mr.  De  Morgan's  success  is  not 
easy.  But  we  should  be  inclined  to  attribute  it,  first  and 
foremost,  to  his  unfeigned  and  whole-hearted  enjoyment  in 
the  exercise  of  his  great  gifts  as  a  born  story-teller.  He 
loves  his  characters,  and— more  fortunate  than  other 
writers— contrives  to  infect  his  readers  with  his  own 
enthusiasm.  He  is  an  improvisatore  with  a  touch  of  the 
clairvoyant ;  and  as  he  is  entirely  on  the  side  of  the  angels, 
and  at  the  same  time  a  most  entertaining  companion,  the 
popularity  of  such  a  benefactor  may  be  welcomed  without 
misgiving  or  reserve."— Spectator. 

SOMEHOW  GOOD. 

"Mr.  De  Morgan  is  becoming  a  national  institution. 
We  cannot  do  without  him.  He  is  a  wise,  humorous 
observer  of  life,  with  a  sense  of  character  and  a  fluent  pen. 
You  care  everything  for  his  puppets  and  his  kindliness,  and 
shrewdness  and  incorrigibly  charming  mannerisms.  He 
invites  you  to  his  comfortably-furnished  hovel  for  a  week- 
end among  the  most  conversable  entertaining  people,  and 
you  accept  and  are  enchanted.  You  would  be  an  idiot  if 
you  did  not."— Times. 

SOMEHOW  GOOD. 

"No  English  novelist  who  is  both  living  and  writing  can 
command  more  interest  in  a  new  story  than  Mr.  De 
Morgan.  It  is  a  most  enjoyable  book.  It  will  be  asked 
whether  the  book  is  as  entertaining  as  '  Joseph  Vance '  and 
'  Alice-For-Short.'  We  think  it  is.  The  plot  is  equally 
enchaining  on  the  attention.  The  writing  is  just  as  full  of 
life,  and  has  perhaps  more  wit."— Evening  Standard. 

SOMEHOW  GOOD. 

"Although  there  is  a  good  deal  in  Mr.  De  Morgan's 
methods  to  remind  one  of  Dickens,  he  has  a  vein  of  entirely 
original  humour,  and  sees  life  through  his  own  spectacles. 
All  Mr.  De  Morgan's  folk  grow  and  develope,  and  that, 
perhaps,  is  the  greatest  charm  of  his  stories.  His  people 
are  not  stationary,  but  vivid  and  real."— Pall  Mall  Gazette. 

SOMEHOW  GOOD. 

"To  any  one  with  time  for  'a  good,  long  read,'  and  with 
a  taste  for  a  well-thought-out  story,  told  in  a  pleasant, 
leisurely  fashion,  with  marked  literary  individuality, 
'Somehow  Good'  is  a  book  that  may  be  cordially  and 
confidently  commended."— Daily  Telegraph. 

SOMEHOW  GOOD. 

"Mr.  De  Morgan  manages  to  capture  our  attention  and 
holds  us  fascinated  throughout  this  ingenious  book.  It  is 
all  very  finely  done.  The  subject  is  a  common  enough  one. 
But  Mr.  De  Morgan  has  made  it  uncommon.  He  has 
humour.    He  has  penetration."— Daily  News. 

SOMEHOW  GOOD. 

"Mr.  De  Morgan's  novel  rises  triumphant  as  one  of  the 
soundest,  cleverest,  most  penetrating  and  most  healthy 
pieces  of  fiction  of  recent  years.  The  fullness  and  variety 
of  its  interests  is  remarkable,  and  its  attractiveness  is 
amazing."— Manchester  Courier. 

SOMEHOW  GOOD. 

"Mr.  De  Morgan  has  the  gift  of  making  his  characters 
and  his  readers  become  one  large  family  party.  A  delight- 
ful book,  full  of  humour  and  the  keenest  observation,  and 
rising  more  than  once  to  real  pathos  admirably  restrained." 

Punch. 

SOMEHOW  GOOD. 

"  A  delightful  book,  abounding  in  a  breezy,  bracing 
humour  and  felicity  of  touch."— Sphere. 

SOMEHOW  GOOD. 

BY 

WILLIAM   DE   MORGAN. 

Author  of 
JOSEPH  VANCE  {6th  Impression)  and 
ALICE-FOR-SHORT  (dih  Impression). 


GOME  AND  FIND  ME 

BY 

ELIZABETH    ROBINS. 

"The  story  of  this  Californian  household  during  the 
Alaskan  gold  fever  is  alive.  Miss  Robins  has  an  extra- 
ordinary mastery  of  the  breathless  chase  which  followed  the 
sudden  discovery  of  northern  gold.  The  riot  and  scramble 
and  misery  of  the  hunt  is  absorbingly  horrible  as  she  tells 
it.  '  Come  and  Find  Me '  shows  Miss  Robins's  gift  for  sus- 
tained rapid  narrative  at  its  very  best.  The  ease  and 
amplitude  of  the  writer's  imagination  is  impressive." — Times. 

GOME  AND  FIND  ME 

"  Her  latest  novel  achieves  a  success  commensurate  with 
that  already  gained  in  '  The  Magnetic  North.'  It  is  an 
unforgetable  picture  of  strange  new  lands,  seen  under 
horrible  conditions  of  hardship  and  sickness.  As  a  back- 
ground are  the  rigours  of  the  North,  on  the  confines  of 
civilization,  where  man,  in  his  struggle  for  gold,  becomes 
well-nigh  a  brute." — Daily  Telegraph. 

COME  AND  FIND  ME 

"  The  gifted  author  reveals  her  genius  to  the  full,  showing 
how  she  can  sound  each  chord  of  the  lyre  as  surely  as  those 
she  has  made  of  late  to  vibrate  for  us  in  a  milder  music,  and 
bringing  us  into  contact  with  men  and  women  so  actual 
and  breathing  that  the  illusion  at  which  all  writers  worth 
reading  aim,  though  few  reach  it  to  any  depth,  is  perfect." 

World. 

GOME  AND  FIND  ME 

"  Miss  Elizabeth  Robins  has  won  her  right  to  be  regarded 
as  one  of  the  foremost  of  living  novelists.  Her  new  story 
'  Come  and  Find  Me '  maintains  and  heightens  her  reputa- 
tion. It  is  a  work  of  great  power  and  enthralling  interest. 
'  Come  and  Find  Me '  is  a  superb  piece  of  work,  full  of 
palpitating  life." — Review  of  Reviews. 

COME  AND  FIND  ME 

"  Through  the  pages  of  the  book,  crowded  with  the  most 
vivid  and  realistic  descriptions,  recurs  the  theme,  visionary 
and  almost  mystical,  of  the  fruitless  search  for  the 
unknown.  It  is  a  remarkable  book,  full  of  life  and  wonder, 
a  book  that  to  read  is  a  liberal  education." — Morning  Post. 

COME  AND  FIND  ME 

"  Of  absorbing  interest.  The  rush  to  the  North,  either  to 
find  gold  or  to  find  the  Pole,  is  wonderfully  described,  and 
all  the  varied  characters  and  motives  of  the  seekers  are 
vividly  presented." — Truth. 

COME  AND  FIND  ME 

"  Say  that  this  is  a  work  of  genius,  and  neither  too  much 
nor  too  little  is  said.  It  is  a  book  that  every  one  will  read, 
and  one  of  which  every  one  will  talk." — Evening  Standard. 

COME  AND  FIND  ME 

"  A  great  book.  A  remarkable  novel,  a  novel  of  brilliant 
descriptions  and  brilliant  character-drawing." — Sketch. 


GOME  AND  FIND  ME 

"  A    very   remarkable   achievement   indeed.     A   living, 
pulsating  document,  full  of  reality  and  wisdom." 

Daily  Express. 

GOME  AND  FIND  ME 

BY 

ELIZABETH    ROBINS, 

Author  of 

'Tin;  M\i;nktic  North.'  I  'A  Dark  Lantern.' 
'Till  Oral  Question.'      |  'Below  the  Salt.' 


SHEAVES. 


BY 

E.    F.    BENSON. 

[5th  Impi-ession. 
by-play  retains   his   light,  bright 
much  of  his  juvenile   smartness, 
now  to  be  considered  among  our 
" — Athenceum. 

fully  appreciate  the  emotional 
's  writing  will  welcome  this  bril- 
novel  as  worthy  of  the  best  of  its 


"  Mr.  Benson  in  his 
manner,  and  has  shed 
He  has  a  definite  claim 
serious  novelists  of  rank. 

"Those  readers  who 
qualities  of  Mr.  Benson 
liant  and  characteristic 
predecessors.  "—On  tlook. 


SHEAVES. 


"  He  has  done  nothing  that  comes  near  to  the  excellence 
and  strength  and  beauty  of  this  love  story  of  a  middle-aged 
woman,  who  is  one  of  the  most  charming  and  exquisitely 
drawn  characters  in  modern  fiction.  Mr.  Benson,  in  the 
most  artistic  and  touching  manner,  shows  us  the  very  soul 
of  an  almost  ideal  woman.  It  may  be  said  in  perfect  con- 
fidence that  those  who  read  it  will  re-read  it,  and  even  then 
lay  it  aside  with  regret."—  World. 

SHEAVES. 

"The  charm  of  'Sheaves'  lies  in  the  essential  human 
nature  of  the  men  and  women  who  move  in  it.  We  live 
with  these  people,  share  their  emotions  and  their  interests, 
worry  out  their  difficulties,  laugh  and  weep  with  them.  His 
setting  is  worthy  of  his  figures.  The  beauty  and  the  tender- 
ness of  his  nature  treatment  add  the  touch  of  completeness 
to  his  work." — Westminster  Gazette. 

SHEAVES. 

"A  remarkably  strong,  sincere,  and  touching  piece  of 
work,  the  publication  of  which  already  lends  distinction  to 
the  literary  reputation  of  1908.  Edith  will  be  remembered 
as  one  of  the  most  tender  and  noble  heroines  in  the  whole 
range  of  modern  fiction.  'Sheaves'  will  take  its  place 
among  the  books  that  are  kept  upon  the  shelf  to  read  and 
re-read." — Daily  Telegraph. 

SHEAVES. 

"  Mr.  E.  F.  Benson  has  written  several  good  novels,  but 
none  better  than  '  Sheaves.'  He  has  acquired  something 
of  the  perspicuity  of  Thackeray  in  drawing  character,  his 
invention  is  stronger  than  ever,  and  his  writing  remains  a 
well  of  English  undeflled."—  Yorkshire  Post. 

SHEAVES. 

"  Mr.  E.  F.  Benson  has  written  gayer  and  more  brilliant 
books  than  his  latest  novel,  but  none  containing  so  much 
humanity  and  tenderness.  A  very  beautiful  and  affecting 
story." — Sxmday  Times. 

SHEAVES. 

"Mr.  E.  F.  Benson  at  his  very  best.  It  is  charmingly 
written,  instinct  with  fine  feeling,  and  garnished  with  the 
attractive  Benson  humour." — Daily  Express. 

SHEAVES. 

"  Mr.  Benson  has  never  done  anything  better.  '  Sheaves 
is  a  fine  novel." — Truth. 

"  A  decidedly  admirable  novel,  packed  with  sympathy 
and  sly  satirical  touches."— Daily  Chronicle. 

SHEAVES. 

"Brilliant,  clever,  full  of  wise  observations  and  sage 
counsels.  "—Standard. 

SHEAVES. 

By   E.    F.    B  E  N  S  0  N, 

Author  of 


The  House  of  Defence. 
Pa  li- 
the Angel  of  Pain. 
The  DUQB  in  thk  s.vni>. 
The  ciiai. loners. 
An  Act  in  a  Backwater. 


The  Book  of  Months. 
The  Relentless  City, 
scaulet  ami  hyssop. 

the  Lock  of  the  Vails 

Mammon  *  Co. 

The  Phincess  Sofiiia. 


AT    ALL    LIBRARIES,    BOOKSELLERS',    AND    BOOKSTALLS,    PRICE    SIX    SHILLINGS    EACH. 


London:    WM.    HEINEMANN,    21,    Bedford   Street,    W.C. 


4i»8 


Til  E     ATIIENiEUM 


No.  4107,  April  4,  1908 


MODERN    EGYPT. 


EARL  OF  CROMER. 

With  Portrait  of  the  Author  and  a  Map. 
s, (1  [mpre— ion.     2  vols.  24.i.  not. 

lator.  —"We  feel  that  our: survey  gives  tmtan  imperfect 
Boooont  of  Hie  extraordinary  charm  and  Interest  of  tord 
Croiner*!  book.  It  b  tlmmnhout  written,  not  only  with 
the  tone,  directness,  ami  nooA  sense  which  \w.iild  be 
expected  from  its  author,  but  also  with  no  little  Insight 

nii'l  literary  fh  ami.  Nor  is  the  element  of  humour  Wanting. 
ainl  humoiir  displayed,  not  in  the  mere  recounting  of 
amusing  sayings  and  anecdotes,  but  of  an  original  kind." 

Daily  Telegraph.— "It  would  be  superfluous  to  praise  a 
book  which  U  obviously  destined  to  take  high  place  among 
the  rare  volumes  of  authentic  contemporary  history." 

Mr.  si'knskk  Wilkinson  in  the  Morning  Post.— "Stands 

almost    alone   iii   literature Of    absorbing    interest.     It 

tells  from  beginning  to  end  a  story  which  is  perhaps  the 
most  dramatic  that  has  passed  before  the  eyes  of  English- 
men now  in  middle  life." 

THESTORY  OF  THE  GUIDES. 

By  Col.  G.  J.  YOUNOHUSBAND,  C.B.,  Queen's  Own 
Corps  of  Guides.     With  Illustrations.    8vo,  7s.  (id.  net. 
Recounts  the  most  notable  achievements  of  the  famous 
Indian    regiment  from  its    foundation   by  Lawrence   and 
Lumsden  in  1846  to  the  Malakand  Expedition  of  1897. 


GENERAL  HISTORY  OF 
WESTERN    NATIONS    FROM 

5000  B.C.  TO  1900  A.D. 

Bv  EMIL  REICH,  Doctor  Juris,  Author  of  'Atlas  of 

English  History,'  Ac,  Part  I.  ANTIQUITY.     Vols.  I. 

and  II.    8vo,  15s.  net. 

The  two  volumes  treat  (1)  of  the  method  of  history  ;  (2) 

of  the  great  inland  empires  of  Egypt,  Assyria.  Babylon,  the 

Hittites,  <fec.  ;  (3)  of  the  border  nations  called  the  Hebrews, 

the  Phoenicians,  and  the  Archaic  Hellenes  ;  (4)  the  historic 

Greeks  ;  (5)  the  Bomans. 

ATLAS~ANTIQUUS. 

In  Forty-eight  Original,  Graphic  Maps,  with  Elaborate 
Text  to  each  Map,  and  full  Index.  By  Dr.  EMIL 
REICH.     Crown  4to,  10s.  net. 

THE  DIARY  OF 
JOHN    EVELYN. 

With  an  Introduction  and  Notes  by  AUSTIN  DOBSON, 
Hon.  LL.D.Edin.  Crown  8vo,  3s.  6d. ;  or  limp  leather, 
Gs.  net.  [The  Globe  Library. 

HIGHWAYS  AND  BYWAYS 
IN  HAMPSHIRE. 

By  D.  H.  MOUTRAY  READ.  With  Illustrations  by 
ARTHUR  B.  CONNOR.     Extra  crown  8vo,  6s. 


EVERSLEY  8ERIE8.- Haw  Volumes. 

LIFE  OF  RICHARD  COBDEN. 

By  JOnN  MORLEY.    2  vols.    Globe  8vo,  8s.  net. 

EPIC  AND  ROMANCE. 

Essays  on  Medieval  Literature.  By  Prof.  W.  P.  KER. 
NEW  AND  CHEAPER  EDITION.     Globe  8vo,  4s.  net 

THE  PRIMADONNA.  ±§8MEtS? 

By  F.  MARION  CRAWFORD. 

Extra  crown  8vo,  6s. 

MACMILLAN'S  GUIDE 
TO  GREECE, 

THE  ARCHIPELAGO,  CONSTANTIN- 
OPLE, THE  COASTS  OP  ASIA  MINOR, 
CRETE,  AND  CYPRUS, 

Being  a  New  and  Thoroughly  Revisel  Edition  of  the 
Guide  to  the  Eastern  Mediterranean.  With  33  Maps 
and  Plans.    Globe  8vo,  9s.  net.  [Next  week. 

THE      SUPPLIANT       MAIDENS. 

THE  PERSIANS.  THE  SEVEN  AGAINST 
THEBES.  THE  PROMETHEUS  BOUND 
OF   ^JSCHYLUS. 

Translated  into  English  Verse  by  E.  D.  A. 
MORSHEAD,  M.A.    Pott8TO,  2s.  6d.  net 

[Golden  Treasury  Series. 


HURST  &  BLACKETT'S 

NEW  LIST. 

— ♦ — 

SIX-SHILLING    NOVELS. 
NOW    READY. 

NEW  VOLUME  BY  SARAH  GRAND. 

Author  nf  '  The  Heavenly  Twins,'  fee. 

EMOTIONAL    MOMENTS. 

NEW  NOVEL  BY  RALPH  RODD 

Author  of  'A  Fighter  in  Khaki.' 

THE  HAND  ON  THE  STRINGS. 

NEW  NOVEL  BY  A  NEW  WRITER. 

THE    SQUATTERS    WARD. 

By  E.  S.  SORENSON. 

"The  well  conveyed  atmosphere  of  bush  life  gives  merit 
to  this  tale." — Times. 

NEW  NOVEL 

BY  CHRISTABEL  COLERIDGE, 

Author  of   'An  English  Squire,'   'The  Tender 
Mercies  of  the  Good,'  &c. 

MISS      LUCY. 

"  A  really  charming  story,  extremely  genuine,  and  dealing 
with  a  social  question  which  is  always  pressing..  ..beauti- 
fully thought  out."— Observer. 

NEW  NOVEL  BY  EDWARD  McNULTY 

Author  of  '  Maureen,'  '  Misther  O'Ryan,'  &c. 

MRS.  MULLIGAN'S  MILLIONS 

"One  of  those  breezy  rollicking  stories  of  Irish  life  that 
will  put  everybody  in  good  spirits.  Its  humour  is  as  bright 
and  infectious  as  anything  that  ever  came  from  Charles 
Lever. " — Standard. 

NEW  NOVEL  BY  MRS.  ALICE   DIEHL, 

Author  of  '  The  Garden  of  Eden,'  '  True  Story 
of  My  Life,'  &c. 

AN  ACTOR'S  LOVE  STORY. 

"  Betty  is  a  very  natural  character,  and  her  story  is  as 
interesting  as  it  is  tragic."— Truth. 

NEW  NOVEL  BY  MRS.  FRED  REYNOLDS, 

Author  of  '  A  Quaker  Wooing,'  '  In  Silence,'  &c. 

ST.  DAVID  OF  THE  DUST. 

"  As  the  story  unfolds,  and  with  it  the  characters  of  the 
simple  yet  shrewd  mountain-dwellers,  there  is  something 
in  the  drama,  its  persons  and  scenery,  that  compels 
interest  and  sympathy." — Athenceum. 

NEARLY  READY. 

NEW  NOVEL  BY  MADAME  ALBANESI. 

DRUSILLAS  POINT  OF  VIEW. 

NEW  NOVEL  BY  MISS  BRADDON. 

DURING  HER  MAJESTY'S 
PLEASURE. 

Price  3a.  6d. 

NEW  NOVEL  BY  WINIFRED  CRISPE, 

Author  of  '  Snares.' 

CORRY  THORNDIKE. 

NEW  NOVEL 

BY  ALICE  AND  CLAUDE  ASKEW. 

THE  ORCHARD  CLOSE. 


Werner  Laurie's  New  Books 

The    Cottage    on    the    Fells. 

By   H.    de     Vere    Stacpoole, 

Authorof 'The  Blue  Lagoon.' 

6s. 

The  Lily  and  the  Devil.     By 

Eleanor  Wyndham.  6s.  An 
extraordinarily  good  story 
by  a  new  name  in  fiction. 

The  Weaning.  By  James 
Blyth,  Author  of 'Juicy  Joe.' 
6s. 

London     Churches     Ancient 

and  Modern.     By  T.  Francis 

Bumpus.  With  63  full-page 
Plates  from  Photographs  by 
W.  J.  Roberts  and  others. 
2  vols.     12s.  net. 

Some   Old    English    Abbeys. 

By  Elsie  Lang.  18  Pictures. 
("  Leather  Booklet  Series.") 
2S.  6d.  net. 

The  Physical  Phenomena  of 
Spiritualism,  Fraudulent  and 
Genuine,  being  a  Brief 
Account  of  the  most  Impor- 
tant Historical  Phenomena, 
a  Criticism  of  their  Eviden- 
tial Value,  and  a  complete 
Exposition  of  the  Methods 
Employed  in  Fraudulently 
Reproducing  the  Same.  By 
Hereward  Carrington.  Demy 
8vo,  10s.  6d.  net. 

Sunny    Days    in    Italy.      By 

Elsie  Lathrop.  With  30  full- 
page  Plates  and  Frontis- 
pieces in  Colour.    10s.  6d.  net. 

The  Cicerone  :  an  Art  Guide 
to  Painting  in  Italy.  A  New 
Edition,  fully  illustrated,  with 
an  Introduction  by  Paul 
Konody.     Crown  8vo,  6s.  net. 

The  Lords  of  the  Ghostland: 

an  Account  of  the  Great  Reli- 
gions of  all  Times.  By  Edgar 
Saltus,  Author  of  '  Historia 
Amoris.'     3s.  6d.  net. 

Chats   on    Violoncellos.       A 


MACMILLAN    &    CO.,  Ltd.,    London. 


NEW  NOVEL  BY  CONSTANTINE  RALLI, 

Author  of  '  The  Strange  Adventures  of 
Falconer  Thring.' 

JULIAN  STEELE. 

HURST    &    BLACKETT,    Limited, 
182,  High  Holbom,  VV.C. 


History  of  the  'Cello  from 
Earliest  Times  and  an 
Account  of  the  Great  Makers 
and  Players.  By  Olga  Rac- 
ster.    18  Pictures.    3s.6d.net. 

The  Story    of    Crime.        By 

H.  L.  Adam.  With  54  Illus- 
trations. Demy  8vo,  cloth, 
12s.  6d.  net.  The  book  com- 
prises an  epitome  of  criminal 
life,  and  is  illustrated  with 
an  abundance  of  Photographs, 
taken  by  special  permission 
of  the  authorities. 

PLEASE  WRITE  FOR  SPRING  LIST. 

T.  WERNER  LAURIE,  Clifford's  Inn,  London. 


No.  4197,  April  4,  1908 


THE    ATHENAEUM 


409 


SATURDAY,  APRIL  4,  1908. 


CONTENTS. 

PAGE 

Lady  Jane  Grey  and  her  Times        4°9 

The  Victoria  History  of  Durham 410 

Petrarch  and  Humanism 41° 

The  Bun,  Languages  of  India 411 

New  Novels  (Come  and  Find  Me  ;  The  Alien  Sisters  ; 
Wheels  of  Anarchy  ;  Joseph  Redhorn  ;  Sir  Hilton's 

Sin  ;  The  Metropolis)       412-413 

Poetry *13 

Our  Library  Table  (The  Real  India;  A  History  of 

Western  Tibet ;  Turkey  in  Europe  ;  Earl  Percy's 

Dinner-Table  ;  Epic  and  Romance)    . .        . .      415—417 

Notes   from  Oxford;    Mr.    Bernard    Shaw   in 

French  ;  Tolstoy's  Eightieth  Birthday  ;  The 

Magic  Carpet 417—418 

List  of  New  Books 419 

Literary  Gossip        *20 

Science— Medical  Books;  Societies;    Meetings 

Next  Week  ;  Gossip 421—423 

Fine  Arts— Byzantine  Ceramic  Art  ;  The  Works 
of  Buskin  ;  Windsor  ;  Burrows's  The  Dis- 
coveries in  Crete  ;  The  Year's  Art  ;  Watek- 
Colours  at  Mr.  Paterson's  Gallery  ;  Mr. 
Charles    I'Anson's    Works  ;  Sales  ;  Gossip  ; 

Exhibitions         423—425 

Music— Philharmonic  Concerts  ;  Symphony  Con- 
cert ;  Mischa  Elman's  Concert  ;  Mr.  Beecham's 
Orchestral  Concert;  Chats  on  Violoncellos; 
Gossip;  Performances  Next  Week      ..     425—426 

Drama— Jack  Straw  426 

Index  to  Advertisers      426 


LITERATURE 


Lady  Jane  Grey  and  her  Times.     By  I.  A. 
Taylor.     (Hutchinson  &  Co.) 

Miss  Taylor  has  added  to  her  biography 
enough  history  to  impart  breadth  of 
interest.  She  has  gone  carefully  over  the 
ground  for  herself,  made  a  judicious  use  of 
authorities  new  and  old,  and  embodied  the 
results  in  a  clear  and  readable  narrative. 
The  book  may  be  recommended  as  a  sound 
piece  of  work,  likely  to  be  of  use  to  those 
who  are  mainly  interested  in  the  personal 
lustory  of  the  period.  We  do  not  mean 
to  convey  the  impression  that  the  author's 
treatment  is  trivial  or  even  superficial ; 
on  the  contrary,  she  shows  herself  con- 
scious of  the  larger  issues,  but  does  not 
make  it  her  main  concern  to  enter  into 
them. 

The  centre  of  interest  throughout  the 
first  third  of  the  book  is  rather  Henry  VIII. 's 
last  wife,  Katherine  Parr,  than  her 
protegee,  the  King's  grand-niece.  That 
that  much-married  lady  exercised  no 
little  influence  over  the  mind  of  Lady 
Jane,  as  she  did  also  over  those  of  her 
stepdaughters,  need  not  be  disputed ; 
but  it  is  surely  going  too  far  to  say  that 
had  Katherine  been  living,  "  the  child 
she  had  cared  for,  and  who  had  made 
her  home  under  her  roof,"  would  have 
avoided  her  doom.  Of  course,  had  Sey- 
mour of  Sudeley  (the  Queen-Dowager's 
fourth  and  last  husband)  and  Lady  Jane's 
father  succeeded  in  bringing  off  their 
scheme  of  a  marriage  between  Edward  VI. 
and  his  cousin,  the  latter  might  have  had 
her  chance  of  the  peaceful  life  for  which 
she  was  fitted.  But  it  was  not  to  be  : 
Katherine  died ;  Seymour's  ambition 
overleaped  itself,  and  brought  him  to 
ruin  ;    and  the  poor  child  was  fated  to 


become  the  victim  of  Northumberland's 
schemes — "  the  figurehead  of  the  Duke's 
adventurous  vessel,"  in  the  author's 
apt  phrase.  Miss  Taylor  throws  doubt 
on  the  statement  that  Jane  was  attached 
to  the  Queen's  household  in  King  Henry's 
lifetime,  and  puts  forward  the  plausible 
suggestion  that  Speed  made  a  confusion 
between  Lady  Jane  and  Lady  Lane,  the 
latter  a  Parr  by  birth.  She  also  admits 
in  a  note,  that  she  has  found  a  difficulty 
in  distinguishing  between  the  two  sets 
of  negotiations  carried  on  by  Lady 
Jane's  father  and  Seymour  with  respect 
to  her  guardianship  by  the  latter.  The 
"  unrecorded  days  of  her  childhood " 
have  to  be  built  up  from  "  the  few  short 
years  that  followed "  :  meanwhile  we 
hear  about  the  struggles  of  factions 
over  Henry's  deathbed,  the  fratricidal 
feud  of  the  Seymours,  the  "  carrying- 
on "  of  the  Admiral  and  the  Princess 
Elizabeth,  the  fall  of  Somerset,  and  the 
triumph  of  his  rival.  It  is  not  till  the 
ambitious  Dudley  has  induced  the  dying 
Edward  VI.  to  set  aside  the  claims  of  his 
sisters  in  favour  of  his  prompter's  son's 
wife,  that  the  Lady  Jane  takes  the  front 
of  the  stage  during  a  brief  scene. 

A  feature  of  the  book  is  the  extensive 
use  made  of  French  and  Italian  sources. 
The  Spanish  chronicle  of  Henry  VIII. 
is  continually  quoted,  though  its  value 
is  admitted  to  be  mainly  that  of  a  record 
of  current  popular  belief.  A  caveat  is 
also  entered  when  Foxe  is  cited  as  an 
authority.  Safe  guides  are  frequently 
quoted,  but  Froude  is  significantly 
ignored.  The  citation  from  a  letter 
of  Latimer  to  Cromwell  certainly  does 
not  support  the  charge  made  against 
him  of  "  flippant  levity  "  :  the  charac- 
teristic humour  of  the  man  seems  to  have 
been  strangely  misunderstood.  On  the 
other  hand,  we  think  that  the  author 
is  right  in  treating  as  ironical  (not  seri- 
ously, as  does  Major  Hume)  Surrey's 
advice  to  his  perfidious  sister  to  play 
in  England  a  part  similar  to  that  of  the 
Duchesse  d'Etampes  in  France. 

The  author's  style  is  usually  clear  and 
not  lacking  in  elevation,  but  occasionally 
(e.g.,  in  the  concluding  sentence  of 
chap,  ix.)  there  is  some  obscurity  as 
to  the  antecedent.  She  is  at  times 
lightly  epigrammatic,  as  when  it  is  said 
of  Katherine  Parr's  conduct  in  giving 
herself  to  Seymour  that,  "  pious  and 
prudent,  Katherine  had  forgotten  to  be 
wise" ;  or  when  Lady  Jane  herself  is  spoken 
of  as  "  this  little  white  saint  of  the  English 
Reformation."  She  comments  justly 
upon  the  facility  with  which  men  deserted 
or  betrayed  their  friends  in  Tudor  times, 
but  mars  by  a  piece  of  inconclusive  reason- 
ing the  admissible  plea  that  the  Reformers 
should  not  be  judged  solely  by  their 
conduct  in  prosperity. 

Lady  Jane's  importance  is  in  no  way 
exaggerated  in  the  book.  It  is  admitted 
that  "  any  other  puppet "  would  have 
served  the  purpose  of  those  who  set  her 
upon  the  throne  "  equally  well,  so  that 
the  excuse  of  royal  blood  was  in  her 
veins  "  ;  and  it  is  shown  that  her  execution 
was   against   Queen   Mary's   wishes,    and 


largely  due  to  the  conduct  of  her  own 
father,  who  had  no  sooner  received  pardon 
for  his  share  in  Northumberland's  designs 
than  he  took  arms  again.  Whether 
Suffolk  actually  proclaimed  his  daughter 
a  second  time  is  a  disputed  point ;  at 
any  rate,  Lady  Jane  was  as  innocent 
of  opposition  to  the  Spanish  marriage 
as  of  a  wish  to  regain  a  crown  which 
she  had  never  desired  to  wear.  The  atti- 
tude of  Elizabeth  was  at  this  juncture 
the  real  danger  to  Mary's  throne. 

But  insignificant  as  was  Lady  Jane 
Grey  as  a  political  factor,  she  was  certainly 
not  altogether  deficient  in  individuality. 
It  seems  clear  that  she  was  enough 
of  a  Tudor  to  be  unwilling  to  share  her 
sovereignty  with  her  husband ;  and  it 
says  something  for  a  young  girl  in  her 
teens  that  her  head  was  not  completely 
turned  by  the  flattery  of  the  foreign 
divines  who  corresponded  with  her.  Bul- 
linger,  by  the  by  ("  the  universal  referee  " 
on  all  matters  concerning  her  conduct 
and  deportment),  is  alternately  spoken 
of  as  German  (p.  150)  and  Swiss  (p.  155). 
Jane  was  under  no  illusion  as  to  her  legal 
position  as  a  rebel,  and  accepted  it  without 
repining.  If  the  words  put  in  her  mouth 
by  Michael  Angelo  Florio,  on  the  authority 
of  Suffolk's  chaplain,  are  authentic,  she 
had,  however,  the  spirit  to  reproach 
the  craven  time-servers  who  had  deserted 
her  at  the  first  approach  of  danger  to 
themselves  : — 

"  Therefore,  O  Lords  of  the  Council,  there 
is  found  in  men  of  illustrious  blood,  and  as 
much  esteemed  by  the  world  as  you,  double- 
dealing,  deceit,  fickleness,  and  ruin  to  the 
innocent.  Which  of  you  can  boast  with 
truth  that  I  besought  him  to  make  me  a 
Queen  ?  Where  are  the  gifts  I  promised 
or  gave  on  this  account  ?  Did  ye  not  of 
your  own  accord  drag  me  from  my  literary 
studies,  and,  depriving  me  of  liberty,  place 
me  in  this  rank  ?  Alas,  double-faced  men, 
how  well  I  see,  though  late,  to  what  end 
ye  set  me  in  this  royal  dignity  !  How  will 
ye  escape  the  infamy  following  upon  such 
deeds  ? " 

She  wound  up  with  a  prophecy  that  their 
deeds  would  find  them  out. 

Perhaps  the  most  characteristic  picture 
of  the  precocious  girl  is  that  given  by 
Ascham  of  his  visit  to  her  at  Bradgate. 
When  the  author  of  '  The  Schoolmaster  ' 
asked  her  how  it  was  that  she  had  left 
the  pastimes  going  on  in  the  Park,  she 
answered  :  "I  wis  all  their  sport  in  the 
Park  is  but  a  shadow  to  the  pleasure 
that  I  find  in  Plato.  Alas,  good  folk, 
they  never  felt  what  true  pleasure  meant." 
"  And  how  came  you,  madame,"  asked 
her  visitor,  "  to  this  deep  knowledge 
of  pleasure,  and  what  did  chiefly  allure 
you  to  it,  seeing  not  many  women,  but 
very  few  men,  have  attained  thereto  ?  " 
Whereupon  this  little  lady  of  fourteen 
replied  at  length  in  a  speech  revealing 
the  manner  of  her  bringing-up  and  much 
else  : — 

"One  of  the  greatest  benefits  that  over 
God  gavo  me  is  that  \lo  sont  me  so  sharp  and 

severe  parents  and  so  gentle  a  schoolmaster. 
For  when  •  am  in  preeenoeof  either  father 
or  mother,  whether  l  speak,  keep  silence,  sit, 
stand,  or  go,  eat,  drink,  be  merry  or  sad, 


Ill) 


T  IN:     A  T  II  K  NiEUM 


No.  4197,  April  4,  1908 


bo  playing,    denning,    or    doing 

anything  efce,    ['must  do   it,   as   it   woro,    in 

buc-Ii  weight,  meaeare,  and  number,  ovon  bo 
perfectly  as  Cod  made  the  world;  or  else  1  am 
harply  taunted,  bo  cruelly  threatened, 
\,.,i  preaently  nomotiinoa  with  pinches,  nips 
"and  Doha,  and  othor  ways,  wliich  I  will  not 
name  for  tho  honour  I  boar  thorn,  so  without 
measure  disordorod,  that  I  think  mysolf  in 
hell,  till  time  come  that  I  must  go  to  Mr. 
Elmer  (Aylmor),  who  teacheth  mo  so 
gently,  so  pleasantly,  with  such  fair  alluro- 
ments  to  learning,  that  I  think  all  tho  time 
nothing  whiles  I  am  with  him.  .  .  .and  thus 
my  book  hath  been  so  much  my  pleasure, 
and  bringeth  daily  to  me  more  pleasure 
and  more,  that  in  respect  of  it  all  othor 
pleasures  in  very  dood  be  but  trifles  and 
troubles  to  me  !  " 

It  were  a  shallow  judge  of  human  nature 
that  should  set  down  all  this  as  mere 
priggishness. 

A  side-light  upon  the  Grey  household 
is  shed  by  the  relation  of  the  difficulties 
experienced  by  the  worthy  Dr.  Haddon, 
its  chaplain,  in  reconciling  the  promptings 
of  his  conscience  with  the  susceptibilities 
of  his  patron.  Suffolk,  a  fervent  Pro- 
testant, had  strictly  interdicted  playing 
for  money  in  his  establishment,  but  he 
and  his  lady  did  not  invariably  practise 
what  they  preached,  and  they  resented 
being  publicly  admonished  for  their  back- 
sliding. Bullinger  was  consulted  on  the 
cas  de  conscience ;  but  the  Duke  and  liis 
chaplain  seem  to  have  made  it  up  even- 
tually. The  author  in  touching  on  matters 
like  these,  and  scenes  like  Bishop  Ridley's 
discomfiture  at  the  hands  of  the  Princess 
Mary,  evinces  a  delicate  sense  of  humour 
which  is  refreshing. 

The  seventeen  illustrations  (sixteen 
of  them  portraits)  are  well  reproduced  ; 
and  there  is  a  very  tolerable  Index. 


The  Victoria  History  of  the  County  of 
Durham.  Vol.  II.  Edited  by  Wfiliam 
Page.     (Constable  &  Co.) 

Mr.  Page,  as  general  editor  of  this  national 
series,  is  to  be  congratulated  on  having 
secured  Dr.  Gee,  the  Master  of  University 
College,  Durham,  to  write  the  ecclesiastical 
history  of  the  county.  Within  the  limits 
of  some  seventy-five  pages,  it  is,  of  course, 
out  of  the  question  to  do  more  than  give  a 
summary  of  the  religious  life  of  the  County 
Palatine  from  the  first  planting  of  Chris- 
tianity in  Northumbria  down  to  the  present 
day.  But  the  summary  is  an  excellent 
piece  of  work.  We  have  gone  through  it 
paragraph  by  paragraph,  and  have  failed 
to  find  any  omission  of  matters  of  con- 
sequence. The  story  of  post-Reformation 
days  is  of  much  interest,  and  deals  with 
many  a  vivid  episode  connected  with 
religious  difficulties  in  the  North.  The 
accounts  of  the  changes  introduced  at 
Durham  during  the  time  of  Dean  Hunt 
(1620-38),  chiefly  through  the  influence 
of  the  strenuous  John  Cosin,  who  held 
a  prebend,  are  sometimes  entertaining. 
Cosin  almost  forced  the  Dean  into  com- 
pliance with  his  own  methods  and  aims 
in  the  cathedral  church.  A  long  docu- 
ment, from  which  Dr.  Gee  quotes,  sets 
out  in  a  bitter  spirit  the  case  against  the 


reforming  prebendaries.  It  is  therein 
stated  that  Cosin 

"  hrawlod  in  tho  church  with  tho  Dean  him- 
self about  tho  gentlewomen  who  would  not 
stand  when  ho  bade  thorn,  whose  pew  ho 
locked  up  and  afterwards  nailed  bocauso 
thoy  would  not  stand,  and  again  with  him 
about  tho  lighting  of  three  or  four  candles 
upon  each  candlestick  on  the  altar.  He 
called  the  samo  gentlewomen  '  lazy  sows,' 
and  tore  their  slooves  because  they  refused 
to  stand." 

The  stone  altar,  which  still  exists  under 
the  present  Communion  table  in  Durham 
Cathedral,  though  the  work  of  the  Dean, 
was  strongly  inveighed  against,  not  only 
on  account  of  the  material  used,  but  also 
because  it  was  beautified  with  paintings 
and  gilding,  and  hangings  and  coverings  of 
silk  and  velvet  decked  with  silver  and  gold. 
The  Puritan  party  of  that  period  objected 
not  only  to  "  making  legs  to  the  altar," 
and  the  wearing  of  "  Babylonish  robes 
called  copes  embroidered  with  images," 
instead  of  "  decent  copes,"  but  even  to 
standing  during  the  Nicene  Creed.  In 
much  later  days  the  society  founded  by 
Wesley  and  his  helpers  continued  to 
flourish  during  the  episcopate  of  Egerton 
(1771-87)  and  of  Thurlow  (1787-91). 
Wesley  was  better  received  in  this  county 
than  in  most  populous  places ;  and  occa- 
sionally he  was  welcomed  within  the 
churches.  One  of  the  last  notices  of  his 
work  here  in  his  journal  runs  as  follows  : — 
"  I  preached  a  charity  sermon  in  Monk- 
wearmouth  church,  for  the  Sunday  School, 
which  had  already  cleared  the  streets  of 
all  the  children  that  used  to  play  there 
from  morning  to  evenng." 

We  are  a  little  disappointed  with  the 
brevity  of  the  account  of  the  Religious 
Houses,  the  work  of  Miss  Cornford,  and 
certainly  wish  that  more  space  could  have 
been  devoted  to  the  story  of  the  great 
priory  of  St.  Cuthbert.  Special  attention 
is  given  to  the  question  of  hermitages,  in 
which  the  county  of  Durham  was  unusually 
rich. 

The  sketch  of  the  political  history  of 
Durham  is  the  work  of  Mr.  K.  C.  Bayley, 
and  the  social  and  economic  history  by 
Dr.  Frederick  Bradshaw.  In  the  latter 
treatise  particular  attention  is  paid  to 
the  question  of  the  natives  or  serfs  of  the 
bishopric,  wliich  is  not  a  little  perplexing. 
Dr.  Bradshaw  describes  the  frantic  efforts 
of  the  surviving  natives  of  the  fourteenth 
and  fifteenth  centuries  to  escape  from 
their  bonds.  As  a  rule  a  serf  felt  the  sting 
of  his  lot  from  his  very  birth.  If  both  his 
parents  were  serfs,  there  were  only  two 
ways  in  which  he  could  gain  his  freedom, 
namely,  by  registered  manumission  at 
the  hands  of  his  lord  or  by  flight.  If  a 
freeman  married  a  native,  or  female 
serf,  he  had  to  buy  her  freedom  from  the 
lord.  In  Durham,  as  elsewhere,  the  serf 
had  no  rights  against  his  lord,  and  could 
own  nothing  ;  but  in  practice  the  lord 
was  usually  considerate.  We  doubt  if  the 
general  effects  of  the  Black  Death  of  1348-9 
have  ever  before  been  so  vividly  illustrated 
as  by  the  descriptions  here  given,  taken 
from  the  Halmote  Rolls.  When  the 
plague  died  down  in  the  winter,  "  it  left 
behind  it  a  ruined  and  dispirited  people. 


All  ranks  in  life  suffered,  <  l'-rj/v,  freemen, 
and  peasants."  The  effects  were  specially 
virulent  amongst  the  serfs,  and  such  as 
escaped  not  infrequently  joined  in  a 
panic-stricken  general  exodus.  Occasion- 
ally the  people  deserted  the  old  site  of 
their  village,  and  rebuilt  it  elsewhere ; 
according  to  local  tradition,  this  was  done 
by  the  men  of  Wallsend  and  Harton. 

We  are  inclined  to  think  that  the  most 
valuable  part  of  this  volume  is  the  account 
of  the  industries,  both  ancient  and  modern. 
The  various  branches  of  mining,  coal, 
lead,  iron,  barytes,  and  fluorspar,  are 
dealt  with  by  Prof.  Louis  and  Mr.  Vellacott ; 
whilst  Miss  Sellers  describes  the  works  in 
iron  and  steel,  chemical  works,  ship-build- 
ing, glass-making,  potteries,  and  textile 
industries.  The  story  of  the  enterprise 
(beginning  in  1662)  of  Ambrose  Crowley, 
an  ironmonger  of  Greenwich,  who  started 
business  in  the  rapidly  developing  town 
of  Sunderland,  is  extraordinary.  The 
Crowley  Law  Book,  the  joint  work  of 
Sir  Ambrose  Crowley  and  his  son  John, 
contains  a  most  voluminous  code  of  laws 
and  orders  for  those  employed  by  the 
firm.  These  regulations  were  far  in 
advance  of  most  of  the  large  schemes  of 
employment  of  labour  either  in  the 
eighteenth  century  or  the  nineteenth. 
A  committee  of  arbitration  was  formed, 
which  held  regular  courts  ;  it  consisted 
of  the  chaplain,  two  members  appointed 
by  Ambrose  Crowley,  and  two  elected  by 
the  workpeople.  Most  stringent  regula- 
tions were  made  as  to  decorum  and 
morality.  Even  smoking  was  forbidden, 
as  being  the  occasion  of  "  much  time  spent, 
but  little  business  done  "  ;  for  the  first 
offence  the  fine  was  a  penny,  and  after- 
wards twopence. 

There  is  a  good  article  on  '  Agriculture  ' 
by  Mr.  Gilchrist,  and  another  on  'Forestry,' 
containing  a  mass  of  original  historical 
information,  wliich  is  the  joint  work  of 
Dr.  Cox  and  Mr.  Forbes.  Sportsmen 
cannot  fail  to  be  delighted  with  the  various 
sections  that  deal  with  '  Sport,  Ancient 
and  Modern.'  The  •  ounty  has  never  been 
celebrated  for  cricket.  The  last  two 
sections  deal  with  golf  and  football. 

The  frontispiece  is  a  beautiful  plate 
giving  a  distant  view  of  the  Cathedral 
Church  and  Castle  of  Durham,  the  work 
of  Mr.  G.  E.  Nathan,  whose  name,  we 
think,  has  not  hitherto  appeared  on  the 
frontispieces  of  this  series.  Among  other 
illustrations,  special  praise  is  due  to  the 
three  plates  of  the  fine  series  of  Durham 
episcopal  seals ;  the  large  circular  seal 
of  Anthony  Bek  (1284-1311)  is  an  ex- 
cellent impression  of  a  most  elaborate 
and  beautiful  design. 


PHrarque  et  VHumanisme..  Par  Pierre 
de  Nolliac.  Nouvelle  Edition,  re- 
maniee  et  augmentee.  "  Bibliotheque 
Litteraire  de  la  Renaissance."  (Paris, 
H.  Champion.) 

Petrarch  and  the  Ancient  World.  By 
Pierre  de  Nolhac.  "  The  Humanists' 
Library."     (Boston,  U.S.,  Updike.) 

Petrarch  has   been  justly  called   "  the 
morning-star  of  the  Renaissance  "  ;    and 


No.  4197,  April  4,  1908 


THE    ATHENAEUM 


411 


no  writer  has  done  more  to  vindicate 
his  claims  to  the  title  than  M.  de  Nolhac 
in  his  '  Petrarque  et  1'Humanisme,'  the 
first  edition  of  which  was  published  in 
1892.  The  subject  had,  indeed,  been 
carefully  studied  by  Koerting  in  his 
'  Petrarca's  Leben  und  Werke '  (Leipsic, 
1878),  in  which  there  is  a  chapter  on  the 
extent  of  Petrarch's  knowledge ;  but 
M.  de  Nolhac  has  had  access  -to  a  large 
store  of  material  which  was  not  open 
to  his  predecessor.  By  his  skill  in  palaeo- 
graphy he  has  established  the  fact  that 
twenty-six  MSS.  in  the  National  Library 
at  Paris,  and  twelve  more  in  other  places, 
once  formed  part  of  Petrarch's  own 
collection  ;  for  many  of  these  MSS.  are 
enriched  by  references  and  marginal 
notes,  which  are  incontestably  in  the 
poet's  handwriting.  These  notes  natur- 
ally throw  much  fresh  light  on  Petrarch's 
methods  of  study  and  on  the  extent 
of  his  knowledge.  They  illustrate  also 
forcibly  the  difficulties  which  hampered 
the  mediaeval  scholar.  The  most  incon- 
gruous works  were  often  bound  up  to- 
gether— sometimes  with  no  title  at  all, 
sometimes  with  a  wrong  one  ;  and  since 
bibliographies  and  public  libraries  did 
not  exist,  the  student  had  nothing  but 
his  own  knowledge  and  acumen  to  set 
him  right.  In  such  circumstances  the 
wonder  is,  not  that  Petrarch  made  some 
mistakes,  but  that  he  made  so  few.  His 
critical  faculty  enabled  him,  for  instance, 
to  distinguish  two  treatises  of  Seneca 
which  were  generally  written  as  one, 
and  to  identify  an  anonymous  '  De  Beata 
Vita  '  with  two  works  of  St.  Augustine 
and  Cassiodorus.  Only  about  half  the 
MSS.  described  by  M.  de  Nolhac  are 
texts  of  classical  authors,  and  these  all 
in  Latin ;  for  Petrarch's  knowledge  of 
Greek  was  rudimentary,  and  he  read 
Homer,  Plato,  and  Aristotle  in  Latin 
translations  only.  Homer  was  translated 
by  a  Greek  scholar  at  Petrarch's  and 
Boccaccio's  expense.  The  MS.  of  the 
*  Iliad  '  which  Petrarch  studied  still  exists 
at  Paris  ;  and  his  notes  are  in  a  trembling 
hand,  so  that  they  probably  belong  to 
the  last  year  of  his  life.  From  each  of 
the  more  important  MSS.  M.  de  Nolhac 
compiles  a  list  of  the  authors  referred  to 
by  Petrarch  ;  and  a  few  more  may  be 
gleaned  from  a  study  of  his  Latin  works. 
The  list  is  long,  and  comprises  nearly 
all  the  Latin  books  of  the  golden  and  silver 
ages  that  have  come  down  to  us ;  the 
most  important  omissions  are  Lucretius, 
Tacitus,  Pliny  the  Younger,  and  the  '  Ad 
Familiares '  of  Cicero.  Petrarch  claimed 
to  have  possessed  in  his  youth  the  lost 
1  De  Gloria  '  of  Cicero,  which  disappeared 
through  the  dishonesty  of  his  tutor ; 
but  M.  de  Nolhac  (in  our  opinion,  on 
insufficient  grounds)  disallows  the  claim. 
In  an  age  when  the  frontiers  of  the 
remains  of  Roman  literature  were  still 
unmapped,  it  is  likely  enough  that  a  young 
scholar  might  meet  with  a  unique  MS., 
the  value  of  which  he  would  only  subse- 
quently discover. 

The  new  edition  of  this  excellent 
book  is  a  great  improvement  on  its  prede- 
cessor,   although     a     few    small    errors 


remain  uncorrected  both  in  the  text 
and  in  the  notes.  The  latter  are  largely 
increased  in  number,  and  show  that, 
in  the  midst  of  other  studies,  M.  de  Nolhac 
has  allowed  scarcely  a  book  or  an  article 
on  Petrarch  to  escape  him.  The  first 
edition  dealt  with  the  classics  only  in 
Petrarch's  collection,  though  the  traces 
of  his  Italian  and  Provencal  reading  were 
considered  in  an  appendix  ;  but  a  Latin 
treatise  published  in  the  same  year  gave 
the  result  of  M.  de  Nolhac's  researches 
with  regard  to  patristic  and  scholastic 
writers.  In  the  new  edition  a  chapter 
has  been  added  to  the  work  itself,  embody- 
ing the  contents  both  of  the  appendix 
and  the  treatise ;  and  thus  a  complete 
view  is  afforded  to  scholars  of  the  range 
of  study  pursued  by  the  "  Father  of 
Humanism."  A  new  section  has  also 
been  added  on  Petrarch's  historical  work 
'  De  Viris  Illustribus,'  which  was  long 
ascribed,  as  he  himself  ascribed  Caesar's 
'  Commentaries,'  to  Julius  Celsus.  Three 
new  appendixes  appear,  and  one  of  them 
is  of  peculiar  interest.  It  contains  three 
fists  of  Petrarch's  books — none  of  them, 
probably,  of  later  date  than  1337,  when 
he  retreated  to  Vaucluse — drawn  up  by 
himself  on  the  last  page  of  one  of  the 
manuscripts,  which  was  not  recognized 
as  his  till  after  the  date  of  M.  de  Nolhac's 
first  edition.  The  lists  enumerate  not 
volumes  apparently,  but  authors,  of 
whom  twenty-three  are  named.  Plautus 
and  Terence  are  strangely  omitted,  al- 
though we  know  they  formed  part  of 
Petrarch's  early  studies  ;  and  the  '  Hor- 
tensius '  included  in  Cicero's  works  is 
not,  according  to  M.  de  Nolhac,  the  lost 
work  of  that  name,  but  the  two  books 
of  '  Academics.'  It  is  especially  interest- 
ing to  know  what  books  Petrarch  had 
with  him  in  that  rural  retirement  which 
astonished  his  friends  no  less  than,  by 
his  own  admission,  it  stimulated  himself. 
One  theory  about  this  retreat  has  lately 
been  revived,  against  which  M.  de  Nolhac's 
authority  should  be  decisive.  In  spite 
of  Petrarch's  express  statement,  repeated 
more  than  once  in  his  Latin  works,  that 
he  left  Avignon  in  order  to  avoid  the 
sight  of  Laura,  it  has  been  confidently 
asserted  in  some  recent  English  books 
that  she  lived  and  died  near  Vaucluse. 
But  on  the  fly-leaf  of  his  Virgil  there 
is  a  note,  among  other  memorials  of  de- 
parted friends,  that  he  first  met  her  in 
the  church  of  St.  Claire  at  Avignon, 
and  that  she  was  buried  in  the  Franciscan 
church  of  that  city.  Accordingly,  the 
partisans  of  the  "  rustic  Laura " — not 
for  the  first  time — declare  this  note  to 
be  a  forgery.  On  this  suggestion  M.  de 
Nolhac  simply  says  : — 

"  L' authenticity  du  morceau  a  6te 
suspectee  souvent,  meme  dans  ces  derniers 
temps,  niais  sans  l'ombre  du  raison  valable 
pour  qui  a  eu  lo  manuscrit  entro  los  mains." 

The  first  two  chapters  of  this  valuable 
book,  and  portions  of  the  third  and 
fourth,  are  of  more  general  interest  than 
the  remainder  ;  and  these  M.  de  Nolhac 
has  now  published  in  English  as  a  volume 
of  the  admirably  printed  "  Humanists' 
Library."       The    translation    has     been 


made,  we  presume,  by  the  distinguished 
scholar  himself,  and  shows  that  he  pos- 
sesses a  complete  command  of  idiomatic 
English.  The  differences  between  the 
two  renderings  are  so  slight — consisting 
mainly  in  the  omission  of  notes — that 
their  relation  should  surely  have  been 
explained  in  the  Preface,  where  no  hint  is 
given  that  this  is  not  a  new  work. 


Linguistic  Survey  of  India. — Vol.  IX. 
Indo-Aryan  Family  Central  Group. — 
Part  III.  The  Bhll  Languages.  Edited 
by  G.  A.  Grierson.  (Calcutta,  Govern- 
ment Printer.) 

The  present  instalment  of  the  Linguistic 
Survey  of  India  deals  with  the  Bhll 
languages  of  Central  and  Western  India, 
and  the  Khandes'l  spoken  in  the  district 
of  Khandesh.  Certain  of  the  so-called 
gipsy  languages  spoken  by  nomad  tribes 
in  widely  separated  parts  of  India  have, 
on  philological  grounds,  been  classed  with 
Bhlll.  The  volume  concludes  with  an 
account  of  the  dialect  of  the  wandering 
carriers  known  as  Banjiiras  or  Labhanas. 
The  first  two  sections  have  been  prepared 
by  Dr.  Sten  Konow  of  Christiania,  Dr. 
Grierson's  able  assistant,  and  revised  by 
Dr.  Grierson,  who  has  added  the  section 
on  the  Banjara  dialect. 

The  Bhlls,  who  give  their  name  to  this 
group  of  languages,  are  a  wild  race  whose 
home  may  be  described  as  an  irregularly 
shaped  triangle,  with  its  apex  in  the 
Aravalli  hills,  and  the  base  roughly 
corresponding  to  the  south-eastern  frontier 
of  the  territory  of  Khandesh.  Their 
country  is  characterized  as  consisting 
chiefly  of  low  hills  and  scrubby  woodland. 
They  are,  according  to  the  authorities 
quoted  by  Mr.  Crooke,  addicted  to  cattle- 
lifting  and  the  abduction  of  women. 
Under  the  title  of  Bhillas,  they  are  men- 
tioned frequently  in  the  Sanskrit  story- 
books as  the  terror  of  caravans.  But  in 
these  books  they  are  apt  to  be  confused 
with  S'avaras,  Pulindas,  and  other  forest 
tribes,  who  have  in  common  the  pro- 
pensity to  take  and  keep  by  the  strong 
hand,  and  occasionally  to  indulge  in 
human  sacrifices.  The  Bhils  are  in  their 
hours  of  relaxation  fond  of  dancing, 
apparently  not  without  the  stimulus  of 
what  an  anonymous  native  authority 
describes  as  mahuda  wine.  The  same 
writer,  who  seems  to  know  them  well,  tells 
us  that  "  it  is  a  pleasant  sight,  even  to 
an  outsider,  to  witness  these  primitive 
forms  of  amusement."  The  love  of 
dancing  they  have  in  common  with  the 
Santhals  of  Bengal. 

Sir  Alfred  Lyall  sketches  the  character 
and  habits  of  the  Bhlls  in  a  few  graphic 
words  in  describing  a  panchayat,  or 
meeting  of  arbitrators,  held  under  the 
presidency  of  one  or  two  English  officers 
on  the  marches  of  two  or  three  native 
States,  to  settle  cases  of  raids,  and 
award  compensation  for  injuries  and 
losses  : — 

"  The  hoadman  of  a  Bhil  villago  is  being 
examined  touching  a  rocent  foray.  A  very 
black  littlo  man,  with  a  wisp  of  cloth  around 


H2 


T  II  E     A  Til  KX/K  I'M 


No.  4197,  Aran,  1,  1908 


liis  long  ragged   hair,  stands  forth,   bOW  and 

quiver  to  band,  iwears  by  the  dog,  and 
speaks  nut  sturdily  :  '  Here  is  1 1  it*  herd  wo 
lifted  ;  we  render  book  all  but  throo  cows, 
of  trhieh  two  we  roeated  and  ate  on  tho  spot 
after  barrying  tbe  village,  and  tho  third  we 
old  for  a  keg  of  liquor  to  wash  down  the 
flesh.  As  for  the  Brahman  we  shot  in  tho 
souffle,  wo  will  pay  the  propor  blood-monoy.'" 
The  same  irrepressible  liquor  plays  a 
great  part  in  the  marriage  and  funeral 
ceremonies  of  the  Bhlls.  It  is  interesting 
to  observe  that  in  the  former  ceremony 
seven  turns  with  the  right  hands  of  the 
couple  joined  do  duty  for  the  seven  steps 
of  the  orthodox  Hindu  ritual. 

The  Bhlls  are  generally  supposed  to  be 
a  Dravidian  race,  though  they  speak 
an  Aryan  language.  Their  vocabulary 
contains  a  few  words  which  are,  appa- 
rently, not  Aryan.  The  linguistic  field 
they  occupy  is  bounded  on  the  north 
and  east  by  Rajasthani,  on  the  south  by 
Mararhi,  and  on  the  west  by  Gujarat!, 
and  their  speech  has  naturally  been 
modified  by  that  of  their  neighbours.  It 
is,  perhaps,  to  be  regretted  that  this  part 
has  been  issued  before  the  section  dealing 
with  GujaratI  and  Rajasthani,  to  which 
it  is  said  to  be  a  supplement.  Vol.  vii., 
treating  of  Marathl,  has  already  appeared. 
In  all,  48  dialects  of  Bhill  have  been 
described,  and  specimens  of  them  are 
included  in  this  volume.  The  dialect 
selected  as  normal  is  that  of  Mahikantha, 
which  has  the  advantage  of  having  been 
described  in  a  work  by  the  Rev.  Charles 
Thompson,  entitled  '  Rudiments  of  the 
Bhill  Language.'  Of  this  a  skeleton 
grammar  has  been  given  by  Dr.  Grierson. 
It  is  closely  related  to  GujaratI,  and  this  is 
natural,  as  the  country  in  which  it  is 
spoken  borders  on  Gujarat.  But  the 
judgment  of  Dr.  Grierson  and  his  colleague 
seems  to  be  that  the  general  character 
of  all  the  dialects  is  mainly  GujaratI. 

The  points  of  similarity  between  the 
Bhill  language  and  GujaratI  insisted  on 
by  Drs.  Grierson  and  Konow  may  be 
roughly  summarized  as  follows.  The 
inflexion  of  nouns  is  mainly  the  same  as 
in  GujaratI.  The  personal  pronoun  of 
the  first  person  usually  makes  its  nomi- 
native singular  as  in  GujaratI.  The 
forms  of  the  present  tense  of  the  verb 
substantive  used  in  GujaratI  and  Rajas- 
thani occur  in  the  various  Bhll  dialects. 
The  present  tense  of  finite  verbs  is  com- 
monly formed,  as  in  GujaratI  and  Rajas- 
thani, by  adding  the  verb  substantive 
to  the  old  present.  The  past  tense  is 
generally  formed  as  in  GujaratI.  The 
future,  the  verbal  noun,  and  the  conjunc- 
tive participle  are  formed  as  in  GujaratI. 
As  we  approach  the  Marartil  territory, 
however,  the  forms  of  that  language 
begin  to  appear,  and  gradually  gain 
ascendancy.  One  interesting  point  of 
resemblance  is  the  occurrence,  in  many 
specimens  of  dialects,  of  the  emphatic  j 
so  common  in  GujaratI,  which  is,  perhaps, 
derived  from  the  old  S'aurasenl  Prakrit. 
The  emphatic  ch  is  found  together  with 
it  in  one  dialect,  at  least,  but  it  is  doubtful 
if  this  ch  has  been  borrowed  from  Mara/hi. 
There  can  be  little  doubt  that  any  one 
who  has  the  patience  to  examine  all  the 


dialects  of  Bhll]  set  forth  in  this  volume- 

and     to    note    how   they    shade    into    one 

another,  will  oome  to  the  conclusion  that 
there  is  much  to  be  said  for  the  view  of 
those  philologists  who  hold  that  the 
Boienee  of  language  is  a  physical  science. 
The  effect  produced  on  the  mind  is  some- 
what similar  to  that  resulting  from  the 
study  of  a  tribe  of  plants. 

We  have  already  alluded  to  the  fact  that 
Dr.  Grierson  and  his  assistant  have  traced 
Bhill  dialects  in  various  parts  of  India. 
In  1898  Dr.  Grierson  found  a  Bhill 
language  so  far  away  from  the  home  of 
the  race  as  Midnapur  in  Bengal,  and 
communicated  his  discovery  to  the  Asiatic 
Society  of  Calcutta.  This  dialect  is  called 
Siyalgiri.  The  Siyalgirs  are  a  nomadic 
tribe  numbering  about  120  souls  : — 

'  The  trib^  seems  to  have  immigrated 
into  its  present  habitat  some  150  years  ago, 
and  their  language  shows  that  they  have 
com©  from  Western  India.  It  is  therefore 
probable  that  they  entered  Bengal  as  camp- 
followers  to  the  Bhonslas,  who  invaded 
Bengal  in  the  middle  of  the  eighteenth 
century." 

Mr.  Crooke  in  vol.  ii.  of  his  '  Tribes  and 
Castes  of  the  North -Western  Provinces 
and  Oudh  '  describes  a  vagrant  thieving 
tribe  called  Habura,  and  states  that  they 
have  a  regular  "  thieves'  Latin  "  of  their 
own.  This  "  thieves'  Latin  "  turns  out 
to  be  merely  GujaratI  Bhill.  How  they 
came  to  the  United  Provinces  is  not 
known.  They  are  a  particularly  inter- 
esting tribe,  as  they  appear  to  be  in  the 
intermediate  stage  between  aboriginal 
custom  and  Brahmanic  orthodoxy.  In 
some  places  they  cremate  their  dead ; 
in  others  they  bury  or  expose  them.  In 
some  places  they  will  eat  any  vermin  ; 
in  other  places  they  assert  that  they  eat 
the  flesh  of  all  cloven-footed  animals, 
except  the  cow,  as  well  as  fowls  and  fish. 

The  dialects  classed  as  Khandes'I  are 
four  in  number.  The  principal  language 
of  the  district  is  a  kind  of  speech  which 
shares  some  of  the  characteristic  features 
of  GujaratI,  and  in  others  agrees  with 
Mara/hi.  For  instance,  postpositions  are 
sometimes  added  directly  to  the  singular 
base,  as  in  GujaratI,  and  in  a  few  instances 
to  an  oblique  form,  as  in  Mara/hi.  The 
verb  is  also  of  a  mixed  character.  The 
general  result  is  thus  summed  up  : — 

"  Just  as  the  language  differs  from 
Mararhl  and  approaches  tho  languages 
of  the  inner  circle  in  the  formation  of  the 
oblique  base,  so  it  agrees  with  these  latter 
forms  of  speech  in  other  important  test 
points.  Tho  past  tense  is  not  formed  by 
means  of  an  Z-suffix.  it  has  an  .s-future,  and 
its  conjunctive  participle  takes  the  suffix  t." 

The  third  section  of  this  part  deals  with 
the  language  of  the  wandering  carriers 
known  as  Banjaras,  Brinjaras,  or  Lab- 
hanas,  who  are  found  all  over  Western 
and  Southern  India.  In  Berar  and  in 
the  Central  Provinces  their  encampments, 
guarded  by  large  dogs,  which  are  not 
afraid  to  chase  a  wolf,  are  often  to  be 
met  with.  Dr.  Grierson  tells  us  that  the 
earliest  known  mention  of  them  is  in  the 
history  of  Khan  Jahan  Lodl,  written 
about  1612  a.d.  by  Ni'amatu'llab,  who, 
referring   to   the   events   of    1504,   says  : 


"  As  scarcity  was  felt  in  his  [the  Sultan"- 1 
camp,  in  OODsequenoe  of  tho  non-arrival 
of  the  Banjirffl,  hfl  dispatched  'A/am 
Hujnavun  for  the  purpose  of  bringing  in 
supplies.'1  Asaf  Jan,  the  eenecsJ  of 
Shah  Jahan,  was,  sooording  to  Mr.  Crooke, 
so  dependent  on  the  BanjlraS  that  he 
permitted  them  to  plunder  his  followers, 
and  even  to  commit  three  murders  a  day, 
provided  that  their  bullocks  kept  well 
up  with  his  forces.  We  learn  from  the 
same  authority  that  the  Banjirifl  of  the 
Deccan  down  to  our  own  day  practised 
human  sacrifices,  and  are  even  now 
addicted  to  systematic  thieving.  They 
are  also  great  believers  in  witchcraft.  In 
the  words  of  Sir  Alfred  Lyall, 

"  Solemn  enquiries  are  still  held  in  tho 
wild  jungles  whero  these  people  camp 
out  like  gypsies,  and  many  an  unlucky  hag 
has  been  strangled  by  the  sentences  of  their 
secret  tribunals." 

Dr.  Grierson  divides  Banjari  into  two 
main  dialects  :  that  of  the  Panjab  and 
Gujarat,  and  that  used  elsewhere,  of  which 
the  Labhani  of  Berar  is  taken  as  the 
standard.  It  is  a  rough  kind  of  Rajasthani, 
much  mixed  with  GujaratI.  The  grammar 
is  extremely  irregular,  as  the  speakers  of  it 
have  in  the  course  of  their  wanderings 
picked  up  Hindostani  and  Panjabi  idioms. 
In  the  third  specimen,  consisting  of  two 
Labhani  songs,  there  is  a  discrepancy 
between  the  interlinear  translation  and 
the  free  translation.  The  first  gives 
kdche  as  "  crystal,"  which  is  probably 
correct,  and  the  second  as  "  silver."  It 
may  here  be  remarked  that  this  volume 
of  the  Linguistic  Survey  will  prove 
interesting  to  many  who  are  not  ardent 
philologists,  as  it  contains  folk-songs  and 
folk-tales,  and  accounts  of  manners  and 
customs. 

To  give  an  idea  of  the  magnitude  of 
the  task  which  has  been  imposed  upon 
Drs.  Grierson  and  Konow,  we  may  state 
that  even  this  comparatively  thin  volume, 
put  forth  under  the  modest  title  of  a 
supplement,  contains  specimens  and  de- 
scriptions of  69  dialects  in  all,  if  our 
calculations  are  correct.  The  study  of 
these  is  much  facilitated  by  a  clear 
map  showing  their  distribution  ;  and 
the  Government  of  India  may  be  con- 
gratulated on  the  way  in  which  a  great 
scientific  undertaking  is  being  carried  out. 


NEW    NOVELS. 


Come  and  Find  Me.     By  Elizabeth  Robins. 
(Heinemann.) 

We  take  it  that  Miss  Robins's  latest  novel 
is  designed  to  picture  the  lure  of  the 
North — that  Magnetic  North  of  which 
she  has  already  written  graphically.  We 
are  introduced  to  a  man  who  has  actually 
reached  the  Pole,  and  in  a  sort  of  delirium 
shows  his  sketch  of  it  to  a  girl  as  he  lies 
dying.  That  scene  is  the  most  effective 
in  the  book,  and  is  memorable,  though  as 
we  read  we  doubt  its  sincerity.  Indeed, 
we  can  only  accept  it  on  a  different  plane 
from  that  of  life  ;  it  is  in  its  way  a  highly 
imaginative  poetry  : — 

M  The  dome  of  the  sky  up  yonder  was  an 


No.  4197,  April  4,  1908 


THE    ATHENAEUM 


413 


inverted  bowl  of  brass.  And  in  the  heaven- 
ward hollow  of  it  a  giant  brood  of  serpents 
flamed  and  writhed  above  a  wild  white  waste, 
warmed  here  with  violet,  cooled  there  with 
silver  and  pearl." 

It  is  only  possible,  we  say,  to  accept  this 
scene  as  the  romantic  stuff  of  poetry  ; 
and  it  is  in  singular  contrast  with  the 
essentially  and  meticulously  realistic  work, 
which  constitutes  the  main  part  of  the 
book.  Of  story,  indeed,  there  is  little. 
The  influence  of  the  North  broods  over 
the  pages,  and  gives  them  coherence  ;  that 
is  all.  Miss  Robins  has  an  astonishing  gift 
for  detail,  and  pours  it  out  to  a  bewilder- 
ing extent.  When  one  disentangles 
oneself  and  looks  back  at  the  scene,  one 
sees  vaguely  something  impressive  and 
vivid  emerge.  Yet  in  the  hands  of  a 
great  artist  the  effect  could  have  been 
achieved  by  much  more  simple  means. 
Conspicuous  in  this  sort  of  photo- 
graphic impressionism  is  the  account  of 
the  crowded  steamer's  voyage  north- 
ward. Cleverness  is  everywhere  the  mark 
of  the  book,  but  one  is  disposed  to  lament 
that  so  much  of  it  is  allowed  to  run  to 
waste. 

The  Alien  Sisters.     By  Mabel  Dearmer. 
(Smith,  Elder  &  Co.) 

Mrs.  Dearmer  explains  in  a  long  dedi- 
catory letter  that  her  book  "  has  been 
worked  out  with  serious  and  deliberate 
purpose."  This  we  can  well  believe,  and 
our  only  regret  is  that  the  "  purpose " 
has  proved  rather  too  unwieldy  for  a 
writer  whose  delicacy  and  refinement  of 
treatment  have  shown  to  admirable 
advantage  in  simpler  tales.  This  is  the 
story  of  the  legitimate  and  illegitimate 
daughters  of  a  country  squire ;  and 
the  lives  of  these  young  girls,  which 
should  obviously  "  run  eternally  on  sepa- 
rate lines,"  are,  through  a  chain  of  for- 
tuitous circumstances,  made  to  cross  one 
another  so  intimately  that  for  a  time 
they  even  share  the  same  lover.  Rose, 
the  elder,  becomes  ultimately  the  especial 
care  and  protegee  of  her  younger  and 
more  fortunate  sister.  With  bolder  hand- 
ling the  story,  which  is  full  of  incident, 
might  well  have  been  dramatic  ;  from  a 
coarser  pen  it  would  certainly  have  been 
offensive ;  but  Mrs.  Dearmer's  work  is 
neither  the  one  nor  the  other.  The  plot 
is  evolved  with  too  great  elaboration  of 
detail  to  be  specially  effective ;  and 
though  the  author  is  a  careful  observer 
of  human  nature,  it  is  difficult  not  to 
feel  that  some  of  the  meretricious  cha- 
racters whom  she  introduces  are  singularly 
ill  at  ease  in  her  pages. 


Wheels  of  Anarchy :  the  Story  of  an 
Assassin.  By  Max  Pemberton. 
(Cassell  &  Co.) 

A  Canadian  millionaire  here  devotes  him- 
self to  fighting  anarchists  with  their  own 
weapons.  This  involves  an  exciting 
and  complicated  story,  for  a  multi- 
plicity of  characters  is  involved  in  the 
terrible  plots  and  counter-plots  in  which 
Julian  Cavanagh  and  his  antagonists  are 
the  leading  agents.     The  story  is  told  by 


Cavanagh's  secretary,  who  is  fascinated 
by  his  master's  personal  ascendancy,  but 
in  the  end  interferes  to  save  the  fife  of  a 
young  Russian  girl  whom  Cavanagh  is 
hunting  down  under  the  impression  that 
she  assassinated  his  father  at  Baku. 
Antwerp,  Madrid,  Barcelona,  and  Venice 
are  the  scenes  of  highly  sensational 
incidents.  The  climax,  which  comes  in 
unexpected,  but  opportune  fashion,  unites 
the  actors  in  a  remote  corner  of  the 
English  Fenland,  where  the  anti-anarchist 
has  a  moated  grange,  or  mansion. 


Joseph  Redhorn.     By  J.  J.  B.  (Hodder  & 
Stoughton.) 

The  author  of  '  Wee  Macgreegor '  is 
generally  worth  reading.  If  any  unmiti- 
gated Southron  still  fails  to  find  humour 
and  pathos  in  Scottish  modes  of  thought, 
let  him  read  the  character  of  the  painter 
of  Fairport,  as  revealed  in  kind  deeds 
and  shrewd  and  gnomic  wisdom.  The 
author  is  a  true  descendant  both  of 
Moir  and  Gait.  Joseph  himself  has  an 
effective  foil  in  his  attendant  sprite, 
a  mischievous,  but  sound-hearted  urchin 
of  an  apprentice,  whose  widowed  mother 
commands  the  affections  of  the  ungainly, 
but  romantic  painter.  The  love-interest 
is  subdued  in  tone,  but  supplies  the  key- 
note of  the  whole. 


Sir  Hilton's  Sin.     By  G.  Manville  Fenn. 

(F.  V.  White  &  Co.) 
This  is  an  amusing,  if  farcical  story,  and 
would  go  well  on  the  stage.  Sir  Hilton 
Lisle  has  been  rather  prominent  on  the 
turf,  and  generally  a  somewhat  "  warm  " 
member  of  society ;  but  we  find  him 
building  up  a  reputation  as  a  steady-going 
country  gentleman  under  the  aegis  of  his 
wife,  whose  fortune  has  repaired  his  own. 
Lady  Lisle  is  imagined  as  an  Early  Vic- 
torian of  an  extremely  prudish  type ; 
and  she  entirely  misunderstands  the 
position  when,  to  save  a  friend  from  ruin, 
her  husband  consents  to  ride  a  steeple- 
chase on  a  horse  he  alone  can  master. 
Not  only  is  the  race-course  unhallowed, 
but  also  appearances  are  against  him  in  the 
matter  of  one  Molly,  a  star  of  the  music- 
halls,  who  turns  out  to  be  the  lawful 
wife  of  Lady  Lisle's  own  nephew.  Much 
obvious  fun  is  made  out  of  this  comedy  of 
errors.  With  the  exception  of  the  poor 
lady,  who  seems  hardly  possible,  the 
numerous  characters  are  good  in  a  rather 
superficial  way. 

The     Metropolis.      By     Upton     Sinclair. 

(Arnold.) 
Upton  Sinclair  has  here  turned  his 
attention  to  the  bizarre  and  morbid 
effects  of  wealth  upon  society  in  New 
York.  His  new  novel  is  a  study  in  extra- 
vagance which  might  have  proceeded 
from  a  disciple  of  Zola.  The  hero  is  a 
lawyer  who  goes  to  New  York  with  his 
mother  and  pretty  cousin,  and  is  intro- 
duced into  the  fashionable  world  by  a 
younger  brother,  whoso  livelihood  seems 
to  be  gained  as  a  toady,  social  pilot,  and 
tout.     For  the  first  168  pages  of  a  novel 


containing  342  pages  the  lawyer  does 
nothing  but  look  on  ;  on  p.  177,  however, 
he  receives  a  retaining  fee  of  50,000  dollars 
in  an  insurance  case  which  is  smothered 
by  Mammon  before  it  comes  into  court. 
When  he  finds  that  he  has  merely  served 
the  purpose  of  enabling  a  rogue  to  get 
something  for  himself  out  of  other  rogues, 
he  is  disgusted,  and  announces  his  inten- 
tion of  seeking  some  way  in  New  York 
"  for  a  man  to  earn  an  honest  living." 
The  strength  of  the  novel  is  in  its  pic- 
turesqueness.  Luxury  is  presented  gran- 
diosely, as  in  hotels  which  obligingly 
reduce  the  rental  of  a  suite  of  rooms  to 
600  dollars  a  week ;  horribly,  as  in 
opera-wraps  of  "  unborn  lamb  "  ;  and 
funnily,  as  in  a  rich  lady's  refusal  to  use 
two-cent  stamps  on  account  of  their  colour. 
There  are  several  clever  sketches  of  cha- 
racter, but  more  exercise  of  imagination 
might  have  removed  a  certain  stodginess 
in  the  book. 


POETRY. 


Spenser's  Fowre  Hymnes.  Edited  by 
Lilian  Winstanley.  (Cambridge,  University 
Press. ) — The  interest  possessed  by  '  The 
Fowre  Hymnes '  for  most  modern  readers 
is  likely  to  be  rather  academic  than  poetical, 
and  in  this  little  edition  Miss  Winstanley 
has  set  herself  to  expound  the  Platonism 
of  the  poet.  The  numerous  Platonic  echoes 
discernible  in  '  The  Faerie  Queene,'  the 
'  Sonnets,'  and  especially  the  '  Hymnes,' 
are  traced  with  great  exactness  and  detail 
in  a  long,  but  very  lucid  Introduction,  where 
the  editor  also  discusses  the  possible  extent 
to  which  Spenser's  ideas  were  coloured  by 
the  commentaries  and  translations  of  Mar- 
silio  Ficino  and  Giordano  Bruno.  The 
last-named  phase  of  the  subject,  be  it  noted, 
is  here  dealt  with  for  the  first  time  ;  and 
the  Introduction  as  a  whole,  though  not 
free  from  the  tendency  to  repetition  which 
frequently  accompanies  a  desire  for  emphasis, 
forms  an  admirable  and  thorough  little 
treatise  which  should  prove  of  great  use 
to  the  student.  Some  of  the  notes,  on  the 
other  hand,  assume  an  undue  mental 
density  on  the  reader's  part.  Such,  among 
numerous  examples,  are  the  following  on 
the  fourth  '  Hymne  '  : — 

"10S,  utniii.it parts:  outermost." 
"  2M,  be  fraught :  tilled  or  laden.'' 

With  the  exception  of  this  slight  blemish, 
we  have  nothing  but  praise  for  the  care 
and  scholarship  with  which  the  editor  has 
performed  her  task. 

New  Poems.  By  W.  G.  Hole.  Book  I. 
(Hell  &  Sons.) — In  view  of  Mr.  Hole's  very 
reasonable  protest  against  tho  usual  treat- 
ment of  her  votaries  by  the  modern  Muse, 

who 

With  grudging  hands  withholds  the  bays  ; 
Nor  heeds  out  songs  .it  all  unless 
They  echo  some  acclaimed  success, 
That  lacking—  all  is  weariness, 

it  is  curious  to  find  that  the  picturesque 
stanzas  callod  'An  Epistle'  bear  obvious 
sipis  of  having  been  inspired  by  certain 
well-known  lines  of  Browning.  This,  how- 
ever, is  virtually  all  of  reminiscence  that  the 
volume  contains.  Mr.  Hole's  lyrics,  though 
uneven,  are  musical,  and  possess  tho  graces 
of  individuality  and  pictorial  suggestion, 
tho  lat tor  quality  being  veil  exemplified 
in  'The  Haunted  Fields,'  a  poem  with  a 
distinctive  atmosphere  of  human  melan- 
choly.    Wo  quote  tho  following  : — 

Sometimes  great  seas  of  rineninp  com  th<\  spy 

Across  whose  rippling  f  "  a 

I  ht  shadowy  billows  race 
And  round  tho  gate,  forlornly  whimpering  die  ; 


414 


T  H  E     AT  II  KN7KUM 


No.  4197,  Aim  4,  1008 


Or  in  .1  itl.  rulted  line,  bj   ITMdl  OtaglUHl 

it. .iin.i  eyed  the)  watch  ■  thrush 

lh.it  break  •  the  DOOltd  i>  hu-h 

D  i  ihinj  with  ■■■  I  I  mall  taafnel  ■  -tone  ; 
,,i  bapulM  waxia|  bn 
Thai  climb  the  chun  byard  mil 

An. I,  marvelling  at  i!  .'ill, 

Bee  strange  black  people  gathered  round  i 
Then,  without  million  httrrrliia  op  the  lane, 

i  hey  leel  once  more  their  own 

Tint  world  in  which  is  known 
No  (ear  <>f  death,  nor  thought  of  change  or  pain. 

Tlio  hlank-vorso  monologuo  '  The  Reckoning' 

has  tlio  power  of  grimneee  ;    while  in  tho 

poem   on   'Keats'   Grave'   thero  are  to  be 

found,    among    much    that    is    tinged    with 

convention,  certain  thoughts  well  expressed, 

OS  in  the  lines  : — 

Would  that  jronnhad  been 
To  -loop  at  last  where  English  grass  is  preen 
Beneatn  an  Kngli»n  sky  I    This  Is  not  home; 
You  had  no  part  in.  Bang  no  song  of  Home. 
Yours  was  that  -pirit  of  the  world's  romance 
Rome  drove  before  it  ever. 

The   volume   is   small    and   unobtrusive   in 

appearance,  but  its  value  as  poetry  is  beyond 

a  doubt. 

The  lyrics  in  The  Coming  Dawn,  and  other 
Poems,  by  Lady  Arabella  Romilly  (Hutchin- 
son &  Co. ),  have  for  the  most  part  the  quali- 
ties of  sweetness  and  sincerity  ;  but  these, 
being  unleavened  by  the  sterner  stuff  of 
individuality,  produce  a  cloying  effect, 
which  is  perhaps  also  attributable,  in  part, 
to  a  too  facile  style  of  writing.  The  follow- 
ing stanzas  from  '  'Tween  Bats-flight  and 
Cock-crow  '  are  a  fair  example  of  the  author 
at  her  best : — 

And  I  would  rather,  rather  far 

Be  once  your  own  true  love 
Than  dwell  in  any  holy  star 

And  walk  with  saints  above. 
The  moonlight  falls,  the  moonlight  falls 

My  narrow  cold  grave  over. 
What  coffin-lid  or  graveyard  walls 

Shall  keep  me  from  my  lover  ? 
Between  bats'  -flight  and  first  cock-crow 

Throw  your  closed  casement  wide, 
And  we  will  clasp  and  kiss  awhile, 

The  lover  and  the  bride. 
And  when  at  cock-crow  I  must  creep 

Back  to  my  lonely  bed, 
Will  any  angels  grudge  my  love 

The  hour  I  was  not  dead? 

There  is  power,  too,  in  the  stanzas  called 
1  Atonement,'  which  contain  a  distinct 
suggestion  of  the  earlier  manner  of  William 
Morris  ;  and  many  of  the  poems  borrow 
a  degree  of  impressiveness  from  their 
genuinely  devotional  tone.  For  the  rest, 
though  flaws  of  rhyme  and  rhytlvm  are 
absent,  the  drawbacks  mentioned,  together 
with  the  prevalence  of  the  purely  personal 
note,  seem  to  indicate  rather  a  feeling  than 
a  capacity  for  poetry. 

Imitativeness  is  the  prevailing  charac- 
teristic of  Poems  and  Lyrics,  by  F.  P.  B. 
Osmaston  (Kegan  Paul  &  Co.).  The  author 
lias  modelled  his  style  almost  entirely  on 
that  of  Robert  Browning,  taking  full  advan- 
tage of  every  technical  licence  permitted 
by  his  model,  but  without  realizing  ade- 
quately, it  would  seem,  the  pitfalls  of  ob- 
scurity, discursiveness,  and  mere  reminis- 
cence. His  enthusiasm  has  even  led  liim 
to  make  a  lamentably  weak  but  obvious 
copy  of  certain  of  the  master's  best-known 
linos,  and  we  quote  the  following  as  an 
example  of  the  lengths  to  which  admiration 
will  go  : — 

A  star 's  in  the  sky, 
The  red 's  on  the  morn. 
The  dew 's  on  the  bower, 
The  bird's  in  the  nest, 
The  sun  's  in  his  place. 
His  spear's  on  the  hill, 
The  night  hangs  half-furled. 
The  thunder 's  gone  by, 
The  bud 's  on  the  thorn, 
The  mother's  in  flower, 
The  babe 's  at  her  breast, 
A  light 's  on  her  face  ; 
Love's  angel  stands  still, 
He  smiles  on  the  world. 

The  book  is  inclined  to  be  bulky,   but  it 

contains  little  that  will  arrest  the  attention  ; 

and    though    '  A    Tale    of    Crown    Prince 


Frederick  '   shows   that  Mr.   Osmaston   po»- 
seaaes  something  of  tlio  popular  ballad  coach, 
its     poetical     qualities     are     not     apparent 
As    regardi    craftsmanship,    the    anther's 

principal  faultH  are,  as  has  bean  hinted 
alroady,  those  of  the  undisoerning  diai tiple. 

His  use  of  tlio  word  "  furled  "  as  a  rhyme 
to  "  world  "  is  persistent  and  seldom  appro- 
priate ;   indeed,  tho  lino 

Up  flew  the  lark  intuited 

would,  wo  think,  havo  surpassed  Calvorloy's 
rosiest  expectations.  Apart  from  these 
blemishes,  Mr.  Osmaston's  work  is  conscien- 
tious, and  not  devoid  of  ideas,  but  these 
are  too  often  in  tho  nature  of  echoes,  and 
tho  whole,  viewed  as  poetry,  is  of  little  value. 

The  undoubted  poetical  taste  and  feeling 
displayed  in  Michael  Field's  Wild  Honey 
from  Various  Thyme,  (Fisher  Unwin)  are 
largely  discounted  by  a  serious  lack 
of  discriminating  power.  Of  the  sonnets 
and  short  poems  whicn  make  up  its  contents 
the  former  are,  contrary  to  custom  and  in 
spite  of  their  fetters,  tho  more  successful. 
They  are  felicitous  in  expression,  and  gener- 
ally classical  in  tone  and  subject,  and,  though 
nowhere  aspiring  to  the  first  rank,  have  an 
atmosphere  of  their  own,  scholarly  and 
restrained.  In  the  case  of  the  poems  other 
than  sonnets  the  defect  already  mentioned 
is  very  prominent.  For  example,  the  lines 
'  After  Soufriere,'  though  slight  and  gram- 
matically not  a  little  obscure,  are  never- 
theless poetry  in  that  they  possess  distinct 
qualities  of  imagery  and  suggestion.  We 
quote  the  first  stanza  : — 

It  is  not  grief  or  pain  ; 
But  like  the  even  dropping  of  the  rain 

That  thou  art  gone. 
It  is  not  like  a  grave 

To  weep  upon  ; 
But  like  the  rise  and  falling  of  a  wave 

When  the  vessel 's  gone. 

We  can,  however,  conceive  no  reason, 
poetical  or  other,  to  justify  the  inclusion 
of  such  a  triviality  as  the  following  '  Poppy 
Song,'  where  thought  is  scarcely  existent, 
and  words  verge  on  the  grotesque  : — 

Do  you  see  the  poppies  coming? 

Do  you  see  the  poppies  come  ? 

Do  you  see  the  poppies  coming. 


Do  you  hear  their  seedy  hum  ? 
Large  poppies  of  the  night, 
In  their  bands  of  blue  and  white, 
Poppies  fading  from  my  sight 

As  they  come ! 

This  is  no  isolated  instance,  and  the  frequency 
of  such  lapses  must  certainly  have  the  effect 
of  obscuring  the  real  merits  of  the  book, 
which  are  considerable.  As  regards  tech- 
nique, we  notice  one  or  two  verbal  eccen- 
tricities— such  as  the  use  of  the  word 
"  impregn  "  for  "  impregnate  "  —  which 
might  well,  we  think,  have  been  avoided  ; 
but  the  principal  fault  —  looseness  of 
expression — is  to  be  attributed  to  idea 
insufficiently  developed,  and  therefore  im- 
perfectly conveyed — a  fault  the  more  regret- 
table in  that  those  ideas  are  frequently  of 
great  beauty. 

From  the  Hills  of  Dream  :  Threnodies, 
Songs,  and  Later  Poems.  By  Fiona  Macleod. 
(Heinemann.) — The  characteristics  of  what 
is  sometimes  called  the  Celtic  inspiration 
have  changed  but  little  since  the  days  of 
the  reputed  Ossian,  and  they  remain  charac- 
teristics which,  in  English  eyes  at  least, 
verge  dangerously  on  weakness — cloudiness 
of  suggestion,  vague  and  monotonous 
imagery,  frequent  repetition  —  sometimes 
effective,  as  often  wearisome — together  with 
a  profusion  of  Celtic  words  and  allusions, 
unilluminating  except  to  the  enthusiast,  and 
too  apt  to  be  regarded  in  themselves,  it 
would  seem,  as  adequate  substitutes  for 
poetical    thought.     Tho    lyrical    poetry    of 

Fiona  Macleod  " — which  is  here  collected 
in  its  completeness,  with  the  exception,  as 
we  learn  from  Mrs.  Sharp's  note,  of  certain 


poems  discarded  by  their  author — partakes 
not  ■  little  of  all  these  drawback*.  Though 
the  formless  method  of  Macpherson  is  vastly 
improved  by  the  addition  of  metre  and 
rhyme,  tho  effect  of  much  of  this  volume 
on  a  Southern  reader  muHt  be  one  of  sheer 
mystification.  As  an  example  we  may 
cite  the  tines  called  '  The  Shadow.'  The  note 
of  mystery  is  struck  in  the  first  stanza  : — 

Do  you  bear  the  <  ailing,  Mary,  down  bf  the  seat 
Who  i-  it  callin',  yonder,  callin"  to  it.e 
Last  night  a  shadow  came  up  to  the  rowan-tree. 
And  "Sluirnean,"  it   uhhparad,  "  Muimean,    I'm  waiting 
for  thee." 

But  mystery  will  pall  when  the  slightest 
clue  as  to  its  possible  nature  is  lacking. 
The  second  and  third  stanzas  are  but  varia- 
tions on  the  first,  and  tho  fourth  cannot 
be  said  either  to  advance  or  conclude  the 
matter  ;  while  the  whole  forms  a  perfect 
example  of  the  studied  inchoatenees  which 
is  tho  bane  of  the  aggressively  Celtic  muse. 
Such  faults  are,  however,  rather  externals 
than  of  the  essence  of  the  present  work. 
The  spirit  of  poetry  is  undoubtedly  here, 
and  lyrical  sweetness  makes  itself  felt  even 
through  the  mysthScation  of  esoteric  tradi- 
tion. This  is  especially  to  be  noted  in 
'  The  Dirge  of  the  Four  Cities.'  As  to  tho 
precise  significance  of  the  four  cities  "  that 
no  mortal  eye  has  seen,  but  that  the  soul 
knows,"  the  ordinary  mind  must,  perforce, 
romain  in  doubt  ;  but  there  can  be  little 
question  as  to  the  eerie  beauty  of  such  a 
stanza  as  the  following  from  '  Falias  '  : — 

In  the  frost-grown  city  of  Falias  lit  by  the  falling  stars 
I  have  seen  the  ravens  flying  like  banners  of  old  wars— 
I  have  seen  the  snow-white  ravens  amid  the  ice-green  spires 
Seeking  the  long-lost  havens  of  all  old  lost  desires. 

It  is  to  be  observed,  however,  that  the 
author's  inspiration  was  in  no  sense  de- 
pendent on  the  adventitious  aid  of  mystery 
tinged  with  vagueness.  In  the  section  of 
the  book  called  The  Hour  of  Beauty  '  there 
occur  some  picturesque  lines  of  wider  appeal 
entitled  '  The  Shrewmouse,'  which  we  quote 

in  full :— 

The  creatures  with  the  shining  eyes 

That  live  among  the  tender  grass 
See  great  stars  falling  down  the  skies 

And  mighty  comets  pass. 

Torches  of  thought  within  the  mind 
Wave  fire  upon  the  dancing  streams 

Of  souls  that  shake  upon  them  wind 
In  rain  of  falling  dreams. 

The  shrewmouse  builds  her  windy  nest 

And  laughs  amid  the  corn  : 
She  hath  no  dreams  within  her  breast  : 

God  smiled  when  she  was  born. 

The  longer  narrative  poems,  also,  of 
'St.  Christopher  of  the  Gael'  and  'The 
Cross  of  the  Dumb '  are  impressive  from 
their  very  simplicity  ;  and  we  may,  in  con- 
clusion, observe  of  the  volume  as  a  whole 
that  behind  its  somewhat  artificial  Celtic 
effects  there  is  to  be  found  much  of  that 
pure  gold  for  which  true  lovers  of  poetry 
are  seeking. 

Spring  in  London.  Bv  E.  A.  (Smith, 
Elder  &  Co.)— The  sub-title  of  this  tittle 
book,  '  A  Poem  on  the  Nature  of  Things,' 
proclaims  Lucretius  as  its  source  of  inspira- 
tion ;  but  the  anonymous  author  has 
scarcely  proved  himself  a  worthy  disciple. 
His  reflections  lack  profundity,  being  in 
the  main  trite  recapitulations  of  familiar 
views,  unpoetically  expressed  ;  while  even 
if  poetical  qualities — as  we  understand 
them  nowadays — had  formed  part  of  his  plan, 
the  ten-syllable  rhymed  couplet,  cast  as 
here,  in  the  eighteenth-century  or  "  heroic  " 
form,  is  of  all  metres  the  least  fitted  for  the 
purpose.  The  following  lines  will  give  a 
just  idea  of  the  prevailing  aridity  both  of 
style  and  matter  : — 

So  still  in  men  called  savage  we  may  trace 
Instinctive  powers  once  common  to  the  race, 
Who  on  a  lower  plane  of  life  than  ours. 
In  thought  unformulated  pass  the  hours. 
And,  lacking  foresight,  also  are  more  free 
From  care  and  apprehension  than  are  we. 

Beyond  an  occasional  capacity  for  re-stating 


No.  4197,  April  4,  1908 


THE    ATHENAEUM 


415 


well-worn  axioms  with  effect,  we  can  discover 
little  merit  in  the  volume. 

Mr.  Mowry  Boll's  verse  in  Weeds  and  Wild 
Flowers  (Boston,  U.S.,  R.C.  Badger)  concerns 
itself  largely  with  abstractions,  and  is  conse- 
quently lacking  in  grip — a  drawback  most 
noticeable  in  his  sonnets,  which  are  numerous. 
Of  these,  two  only—'  The  Clue '  and  '  Night 
Vision ' — seem  to  us  to  call  for  remark, 
and  here  the  merit  is  to  be  found  rather 
in  the  idea  than  its  setting  ;  the  rest  (mildly 
speculative  in  tone  for  the  most  part) 
exhibit  all  the  uninspired  sonnet's  charac- 
teristic lifelessness.  Indeed,  it  is  in  ideas 
half -formed  or  conventional,  and  in  faulty 
expression  that  Mr.  Bell's  weakness  lies.  His 
choice  of  words,  for  example,  is  not  always 
felicitous.  As  an  extreme  case  we  may  quote 
the  following  distressing  lines  from  the 
sonnet  '  Mores  Mutantur  '  : — 

Though  men  still  live  with  hearts  inquisitorial, 
Sectarian  bigots,  narrow  and  malevolent ; 
Yet  minds  have  broadened,  changed  is  the  general  attitude, 
And  thought  is  free,  and  tolerance  is  prevalent ! 

The  presence  of  such  a  passage  in  work  of 
serious  intent  indicates  a  want  of  poetical 
taste,  and  the  author's  purely  lyrical  efforts, 
with  their  lack  of  music  and  defective 
rhythmical  perception,  point  in  the  same 
direction.  On  the  other  hand,  he  can, 
on  occasion,  command  a  certain  power  of 
eerie  suggestion  which  gives  a  touch  of 
distinction  to  poems  such  as  '  Noma '  or 
'  The  North  Tower,'  wherein  abstract  ideas 
are  worked  out — after  what  should  be  the 
fashion  of  poetry — on  allegorical  lines  ; 
and  the  undoubted  orginality  discernible 
in  the  narrative  stanzas  called  '  The  Wizard's 
Son '  will  compensate  for  a  great  deal  in 
the  volume  which  is  weak,  tedious,  and 
self-conscious. 

Poems.  By  Giosue  Carducci.  With  In- 
troduction and  Translations  by  M.  Holland. 
(Fisher  Unwin.) — This  little  book  contains 
a  selection  of  the  poems  of  the  great  Italian 
poet  so  lately  dead,  Giosue  Carducci  ;  and 
beside  each  poem  Miss  Maud  Holland  has 
placed  her  translation  of  it.  For  the  most 
part  these  translations  are  admirably  close, 
and  though  in  themselves  they  seldom  or 
never  rise  above  mere  verse — somewhat 
formless  verse,  too,  very  often,  for  the 
classic  metres  do  not  easily  run  with  English 
words — they  serve  nevertheless  to  give  life 
to  the  Italian,  dead  for  too  many  readers. 
At  times,  though  rarely,  the  translation  is 
really  simple,  giving  us  the  treasure  of  the 
original  almost  unspoilt :  in  those  beautiful 
verses,  for  instance,  whero  Carducci  has 
brought  together  Italy  and  England, 
the  Middle  Ages  and  the  modern  world, 
age  and  youth,  the  great  contradictions 
of  life  as  it  were,  in  the  church  of  Polenta 
at  sunset : — 

Ave  Maria !  Quando  su  1'  aure  corre 
1'  umil  saluto,  i  piccioli  mortali 
scovrono  il  capo,  curvano  la  fronte 
Dante  ed  Aroldo. 
Ave  Maria !  when  across  the  breezes 
Signs  the  low  greeting,  little  humble  people 
Bare  their  heads  meekly,  and  with  bowed  heads  listen 
Dante  and  Harold. 

It  is  not  always  that  Miss  Holland  is  so 
successful.  Those  verses  on  Rome,  famous 
wherever  Italian  is  spoken,  and  perhaps 
the  noblost  ever  written  by  Carducci,  or 
indeed,  in  modern  Italy,  seem  almost  to 
have  left  her  spoochless  : — 

Son  cittadino  per  te  d'  Italia, 

Per  te  poetA,  madre  dei  popoli 

Che  desti  il  tuo  spirito  al  mondo 

Che  Italia  improntasU  di  tua  gloria. . . . 

For  thee  became  I  Italy's  citizen, 

for  thee,  O  Mother  of  Multitudes 
Who  o'er  the  world  thy  soul  hast  sent  forth, 
Giving  to  Italy  glory  long  thine. 

That  is  but  a  lamo  rendering  of  thoso 
passionate  and  eager  versos  ;  yot  in  spite 
of  its  shortcomings  this  littlo  book  should 
be  welcomed.     While  O'Annunzio,   Matildo 


Serao,  and  Fogazzaro  have  all  found  trans- 
lators, Carducci  till  now  has  not  been  trans- 
lated in  England.  His  was  certainly  the 
most  beautiful  and  the  most  noble,  if  not 
the  loudest  of  those  voices  which  greeted 
modern  Italy.  How  long  will  it  be  before 
his  faith  becomes  the  substance  of  tilings 
hoped  for  ? 

Ma  il  tuo  trionfo,  popol  <T  Italia, 
su  1'  eta  nera,  su  1'  eta  barbara, 
su  i  mostri  onde  tuo  con  serena 
giustizia  farai  tranche  le  genti. 


OUR    LIBRARY   TABLE. 

Mr.  J.  D.  Rees,  M.P.,  publishes  through 
Messrs.  Methuen  &  Co.  The  Real  India. 
He  is  on  the  Indian  official  side,  and  a  little 
given  to  general  observations.  These  are 
always  dangerous,  especially  in  the  case  of 
a  continent  inhabited  by  the  most  various 
of  races,  civilized,  and  unfortunately  divided 
by  all  the  chief  religions  of  the  world.  Thus 
we  find  in  several  passages  praise  by  Mr. 
Rees  of  a  recent  statement  by  Mr.  John 
Morley  to  the  effect  that  Canadian  institu- 
tions are  as  unsuitable  to  "  the  plains  of 
India  "  as  is  a  Canadian  "  fur- coat."  On 
the  third  occasion  when  Mr.  Rees  endorses 
the  remark  he  extends  it  into  a  suggestion 
that  a  "lunatic"  who  wore  a  fur-coat  on  the 
Indian  plains  "  would  inevitably  melt  away." 
It  is,  however,  the  case  that  in  a  large  portion 
of  the  plains  of  India  the  fourteen-hour 
nights  of  winter  force  the  adoption  of  coats 
with  the  fur  inside  on  British  troops  for 
sentry  duty.  A  good  deal  of  the  official 
optimism  of  Mr.  Rees  is  overdone  in  similar 
fashion,  and  requires  a  heavy  discount  to 
be  taken  off  it.  Mr.  Rees  will  not  allow 
that  in  the  time  of  the  modern  Indian 
Government  known  to  us  India  has  seen 
"  famine."  So  perfect  are  the  "  preventive 
measures "  that  the  State,  according  to 
him,  invariably  finds  success  "  in  its  efforts 
to  prevent  famine."  He  ends  his  principal 
paragraph  on  the  subject  by  suggesting 
that  a  larger  percentage  of  the  population  of 
England  is  "in  receipt  of  aid  from  the 
State."  We  fully  admit  the  improvement 
in  "  famine  prevention "  which  has  taken 
place  ;  but  the  Government  of  India  has 
often  published  documents  the  language  of 
which  is  far  less  satisfactory  than  is  the 
picture  that  our  author  draws.  The  salt 
tax  is  also  an  admitted  drawback  to  our 
rule  ;  but  Mr.  Rees  is  inclined  to  think  he 
proves,  by  his  explanations,  "  that  the 
tax  evidently  does  not  press  hardly  upon 
the  people."  The  corruption  of  the  police 
and  the  far-reaching  effect  of  the  imperfec- 
tions of  the  force  have  also  been  admitted 
by  Government.  Lord  Curzon's  proposals 
for  the  improvement  of  the  police  adminis- 
tration have  been  generally  approved,  but 
Mr.  Rees  is  of  opinion  that  tho  inquiry 
"conduced  to....  want  of  respect  for 
authority  ....  disaffection  ....  and  ....  un- 
rest." On  the  other  hand,  our  author  tries 
hard  to  be  fair.  He  rightly  wishos  to 
reduce  "  the  European  civil  agency. .  .  .Few 
English  judges  are  really  wanted."  "  Native 
judges  are  good  judgos,  and  I  would  increase 
their  numbor."  He  is  also  in  some  other 
cases  the  advocate  of  economy  in  the 
interest  of  the  Indian  taxpayer,  and  argues 
with  much  power  against  "  overpaying 
tho  men."  In  regard  to  Nativo  States  we 
agroe  almost  wholly  with  his  observations, 
and  it  is  to  bo  hoped  that  the  policy  publicly 
recommended  by  H.R.H.  tho  Princo  of 
Wales  and  by  tho  presont  Secrotary  of 
Stato  will  discourage  certain  Rosidonts  at 
native  Courts  from  tho  unwiso  procedure 
fully  described  by  Mr.  Rons  at  pp.  135-7. 
Tho  authorities  quotod  by  him  on  tho  Indian 
situation  vary  widoly  in  responsibility  and 


importance ;  but  we  must  commend  Mr. 
Rees  for  following  Sir  Alfred  Lyall  in  the 
best  part  of  his  statement  of  opinion.  The 
wisest  parts  of  a  volume  not  universally, 
we  think,  filled  with  wisdom,  are  unfor- 
tunately here  and  there  interspersed  with 
epigrammatic  statements  somewhat  out 
of  place.  In  the  middle  of  an  account 
of  present  "  unrest "  we  come  upon  the 
assertion,  reminding  us  of  British  opinion 
about  France  a  hundred  years  ago,  "  One 
Mahomedan  is  equal  to  at  least  three 
Hindoos  in  fair  fight."  The  words  concern 
Eastern  Bengal,  a  district  in  which  the 
Mohammedans  and  the  Hindoos  are  of 
the  same  race  and  habits. 

Mr.  Rees  makes  a  statement  as  to  the 
numbers  of  the  Indian  army  which  we  think 
inaccurate,  although  it  has  been  made  also 
on  behalf  of  Government.  We  do  not 
suggest  in  tins  matter  disapproval  of  his 
argument,  but  only  question  liis  facts.  He 
says  that 

"after  the  Mutiny a  Royal  Commission  ad- 
vised that  the  European  forces  should  be  80, 000 

strong recommendations  which  were  adopted, 

and  remain  in  force  to  the  present  day." 

In  another  passage  he  states  that   "  since 

1903,    the  army is  made   up   of    74,170 

British "     In  the  Life  of  Lord  Randolph 

Churchill  by  Mr.  Winston  Churchill  it  is 
pointed  out  with  accuracy  that  Lord 
Randolph  in  1885  increased  the  number  of 
British  troops  for  India  by  10,750  men, 
at  a  capital  charge  of  1,500,000Z.  and  an 
annual  charge  of  1,000,000?.  to  the  revenues 
of  India.  When  we  come  to  try  to  reconcile 
these  two  very  different  statements  it  is 
found  from  the  figures  that  the  45,000 
British  troops  kept  in  India  before  the 
Mutiny  were  increased  after  the  Mutiny 
till  they  reached  an  establishment  of  78,000 
men.  In  1863  there  began  a  decrease  in 
establishment  and  a  much  greater  decrease 
in  actual  numbers.  Before  the  Conserva- 
tive Government  quitted  office  (1867-8) 
the  British  force  had  been  reduced  to  an 
establishment  of  some  65,000  men,  and  to 
an  actual  force  of  55,000.  Then  came  an 
increase ;  but  Lord  Randolph  Churchill 
found  an  establishment  of  about  63,000 
British,  and  raised  it  as  we  have  described. 
Evidence  was  given  on  the  subject  on 
behalf  of  the  Government  of  India  in  1873, 
and  again  before  the  last  Commission  on 
"Indian  Expenditure."  In  both  these 
cases  it  is  set  forth  that  tho  Government  of 
India  from  1862  for  many  years  was  con- 
stantly pressing  for  reduction,  but  that  there 
was  at  home,  and  not  in  India,  unwilling- 
ness, for  British  reasons,  to  reduce  the  force 
as  greatly  as  was  proposed.  The  establish- 
ment has  not,  even  since  Lord  Randolph 
Churchill's  day  and  up  to  the  present,  been 
put  at  the  80,000  named  by  Mr.  Roes  ;  but 
in  recent  years  tho  actual  forco  has  boon 
much  abovo  the  establishment,  and  the 
excess  paid  for  by  India  was  last  year  so 
great  as  noarly  to  make  up  tho  80,000  mon. 

A  few  misprints  annoy  tho  reader  as 
much  as  they  must  tho  author.  Such  are 
"  norvousness  "  for  "  Mervousnoss  "  ;  and 
"Kiakhta"  for  the  point  at  which  tho 
Russian  railway  quits  tho  Persian  frontier 
on  its  way  to  Merv.  Tho  spot  is  ah\  ;n  - 
called  Dushak  ;  but  thero  is  a  littlo  place 
not  far  off,  upon  tho  lino,  tho  name  of  winch, 
not  vory  unliko  Kiakhta,  accounts  for  tho 
intrusion  of  tho  name  of  tho  import  ant  st  at  i<  m  i 
in  Eastern  Siboria,  whero  consuls  used  to 
bo  maintained  by  almost  all  tho  Powers  in 
the  world. 

Mr.  F.  W.  Thomas,  Librarian  of  tho  India 
Offico,  define*  the  Rev.  A.  B.  Francko's 
work,  A  History  of  Western  Tibet  :  One 
of  the  Unknown  Empires  (Partridgo  &  Co.) 


no 


T  II  E    A  Til  ENJEUM 


No.  4197,  Ai'KiL  I,  1008 


m  ■  valuable  little  • » ><  >U  in  which  every 
confidence  mej  be  pieced,  [■■  author 
points  "ut  thai  since  the  late  Bi*  Alexander 
Cunningham  wrote  ' Ladak,  Physioa!,  Sta- 
tistical,  and  Historical.'  published  in  lH.r>4, 
•,.,,t  deal  of  material  has  accumulated, 
,,,,,l  the  tune  has  oome  when  a  popular 
history  of  thai  oountry  may  be  prepared 
without  the  risk  of  gross  error.  For  a  Boien- 
tific  history  wo  must  wait  till  all  known 
records  have  been  examined  and  translated. 
Both  statements  may  be  conceded,  and  it 
is  right  to  recognize  al  the  Bame  time  that 
for  tho  proator  part  of  the  reeearch  required 
we  are  indebted  to  the  ability  and  industry 
of  the  Moravian  missionaries  at  Leh.  Promi- 
nent among  them  was  Dr.  Karl  Marx, 
translator  of  '  Ladvags  rgyal  rabs,'  or 
'  Hook  of  the  Kings  of  Ladakh,'  as  now 
ar,»  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Francke  ;  so  that,  as  Mr. 
Thomas  says,  tho  present  volume  is  "  the 
outcome,  not  only  of  scholarly  enterprise 
and  research,  but  also  of  familiarity  with 
tho  country  and  the  people." 

Tho  '  History  '  begins  with^Mogasthonos 
and  Herodotus,  by  whom  the  country  of  the 
gold-digging  ants  (Dardistan)  is  described. 
Its  inhabitants,  the  Dards,  and  the  Mons 
from  Kashmir  and  Northern  India,  appear 
to  have  invaded  the  almost  empty  land 
of  Western  Tibet,  a  vague  expression 
nowhere  defined  by  the  author.  The  Mons 
brought  Buddhism  from  India,  and  the 
Dards  brought  it  from  Gilgit,  that  religion 
being  strengthened  by  the  emigration  of 
monks  from  Kashmir.  The  probability 
of  this  is  gathered  from  inscriptions  and 
drawings  on  rocks,  and  from  the  Chinese 
records.  For  five  hundred  years  (900  to 
1400  a.d.)  Western  Tibet  was  under  the 
Central  Tibetan  dynasty.  During  this  time 
Buddhism,  like  other  religions  as  they  grow 
old,  degenerated,  and  was  reformed  by  a 
zealous  Lama  named  Tsongkapa,  who 
founded  a  sect  called  "  the  Virtuous  Ones  "  ; 
prevailed  on  the  king  to  build  monasteries  ; 
and  introduced  yellow  caps  and  scarves 
in  the  dress  of  the  Lamas.  In  time  the 
Central  Tibetan  dynasty  fell,  and  wars  with 
the  Baltis  followed.  The  Mongols,  supreme 
in  Central  Tibet,  unsuccessfully  attempted 
to  add  Western  Tibet  to  their  dominions  ; 
but  eventually  its  fall  as  an  independent 
State  was  brought  about  by  the  rise  and 
extension  of  the  Punjab  under  Ranjit  Singh. 

The  story  of  his  couquests  is  known  and 
recorded  ;  it  may  usefully  be  compared 
with  that  told  in  chap.  xii.  After  his  death 
attempts  to  regain  independence  were  un- 
successful, and  were  skilfully  diverted  by 
the  Dogras  of  Jammu  towards  the  conquest 
of  Baltistan.  This  having  been  achieved, 
the  commander  Zorawar,  in  an  evil  moment 
and  at  an  inauspicious  season,  determined 
to  invade  Central  Tibet.  The  result  was 
disastrous,  and  cost  him  his  life  ;  his  army 
was  destroyed,  many  prisoners  being  sent 
to  Lhasa.  In  1846,  as  a  result  of  the  first 
Sikh  war  with  the  British,  Kashmir  (includ- 
ing Ladakh,  Baltistan,  &c.)  was  made  over 
to  Maharaja  Gulab  Singh,  and  since  that 
date  peace  has  prevailed. 

Mr.  Francke' s  volume  is  portable  and 
compact,  there  being  in  all  about  200  pagos  ; 
so  it  may  easily  form  part  of  a  traveller's 
library.  There  are  some  good  illustrations  ; 
and  characteristic  versos  of  Tibotan  songs 
are  added  at  the  end  of  chapters. 

Mr.  Arnold  does  not  state  in  a  new 
edition  of  Turkey  in  Europe  the  date  of  its 
first  appearance — November,  1901.  The 
"  Odysseus "  who  then  veiled  the  writer's 
personality  is  now  revealed  as  Sir  Charles 
Eliot.  We  described  tho  book  in  our 
notice  as  curious,  interesting,  and  "  pro- 
voking,"    and,     whilo    praising     tho    wide 


knowledge  and  good  stories  of  "  Odysseus/1 

found  thai   his  narrative  lacked  form,  and, 

attempting  too  much  in  a  small  space, 
cut  knots  which  othor  writers  have  tried 
slowly  to  untie. 

Since  Sir  Charles  EllOt  became  known 
M  I  lie  man  learned  in  the  Balkans  who  gave 
us  this  book,  lie  lias  written  00  other  sub- 
jects, but  now  adds  to  '  Turkey  in  Europe ' 

two  new  chapters,  dealing  with  the  events 
of  last  year  and  with  the  future.  H"  play- 
fully recounts  tho  total  absence  in  Turkey 
of  events  of  real  importance.  Although 
at  least  once  a  year  "  the  Ottoman  do- 
minions aro  tho  scene  of  some  disturbance, 
crisis,  or  ultimatum  which  would  convulses 
an  ordinary  State,"  "such  things  suit" 
the  constitution  of  the  Sublime  Porte  : — 

"  Mitylene  has  been  twico  occupied,  while 
on  two  other  occasions  serious  threats  that 
'  measures  of  a  material  character'  would  be  em- 
ployed have  been  sufficient.  But  these  proceedings 
have  ceased  to  produce  any  moral  effect." 

Turkey 

"appears  to  calculate that  the   more   thorny 

questions  it  can  raise  to  occupy  and  embarrass  the 
Powers,  the  oftener  it  is  likely  to  have  its  own 
way." 

Thus  it  is  with  China  also,  and  the  diploma- 
tist is  often  left  in  doubt  which  of  thase 
two  "  Sick  Men "  has  the  more  stubborn 
gift  of  life.  We  agree  wnth  Sir  Charles 
Eliot  that  more  people  are  supposed  to  be 
lulled  by  Turkish  despotism  than  in  fact  dis- 
appear. The  Sultan  reminds  us  a  little 
of  the  Red  Queen,  in  that  orders  supposed 
to  be  given  for  instant  execution  are  not 
invariably  followed  by  effect  :  "In  Turkey 
as  in  Russia,  there  is  often  a  curious  reluct- 
ance or  dilatoriness  in  executing  sentences 
of  death."  The  author  was  so  long  at  Con- 
stantinople that,  in  describing  the  peculiari- 
ties of  Ottoman  rule,  he  might  have  compared 
the  capital  with  Jerusalem  in  his  passage 
upon  the  relations  of  Christian  States  with 
the  Mohammedan  theocracy.  While,  as 
he  tells  us,  the  Crusaders  were  carried 
across  their  known  world,  by  the  impulse 
of  duty,  to  wage  perpetual  war  against 
the  occupation  of  the  holy  places  by  the 
unbeliever,  Christians  now  accept  cheerfully 
the  protection  of  "  the  sacred  sites "  by 
"  Moslem  troops."  At  the  Phanar  on  the 
Bosphorus  the  Patriarch  of  the  Eastern 
Church  has  sat  for  centuries  on  the  throne 
of  Chrysostom  under  the  sign-manual  of 
the  Sultan,  and  received  the  salutes  of  the 
Turkish  Guard  when  accepting  the  homage 
of  the  bishops  of  the  ancient  Churches  of 
Asia  of  the  apostles.     There  is  left  to  us 

"  hardly  any  sentiment  for  the  historical  sites  of 

Christianity Even  the  Emperor  of  Hermany  did 

not  visit  them  from  motives  of  unmixed  piety." 

It  is  no  longer  the  case,  as  it  was  when 
Sir  Charles  Eliot  wrote  his  "1907"  that 
we,  as  a  nation,  "  have  not  come  forward 
with  any  proposals  of  our  own  "  ;  but  the 
policy  described  by  him — of  following  the 
other  Powers,  or,  in  other  words,  an  Austrian 
policy — is  hardiy  affected  by  our  recent 
propositions,  refused  before  they  were  made, 
and,  therefore,  in  the  nature  of  a  solemn 
farce.  The  interference  of  Turkey  in  Egypt 
is  rated  by  our  author  at  its  true  value, 
and  traced  to  its  origin  in  the  desire  of  the 
Sultan  "  to  figure  as  often  as  possible  as 
the  head  of  Islam."  It  would  interest 
readers  if  Sir  Charlos  Eliot  wore  to  tell  us 
— as  he  is  well  able  to  do — of  the  strange 
guests  who  are  kept  for  years  at  Yildiz 
to  form  the  moans  of  communication  with 
all  the  scattored  Mohammodan  communities 
— in  the  hoart  of  Africa,  in  the  west  of 
China,  in  the  Dutch  Archipelago,  and  in 
Russian  Central  Asia — from  which  they  come 
and  which  they  are  supposed  to  represent. 


The   author    knows    the    hidden    side   of    tho 
Turkish    Court,    and    tells   U8   how,   when    the 
Sultan     was     (congratulate!     on     the    <hv 
of    Russia,    he  replied    that    lie  did   not    shar-« 

the  view  expressed,  Inasmuch  as  he  hihI 
tho    Emperor   of    Htwsia   Mwere   tho   only 

autocratic  monarehs  in  Europe,  and  the 
defeat ...  .meant  a  blow  to  the  principle 
of  autocracy."  Moreover,  the  defeat  of 
Russia — to  which  the  Sultan  carefully 
abstained  from  contributing  meant  a  freer 
band  for  Austria,  tho  more  dangerous  enemy. 
between  whom  and  Turkey  there  is  no  such 
buffer  as  Roumania  forms  upon  the  north- 
oast.  Of  the  relations  between  the  Turks 
and  their  Christian  subjects  Sir  Charlos 
Eliot  writes  that 

"the   l>est  Turk has  about  as  much  power  of 

understanding  an  educated  Macedonian  as  a  British 
sergeant  has  of  appreciating  a  Hindu  pandit.  The 
faults  of  oriental  Christians  are  plain  enough — 
their  subservience,  their  mendacity,  their  want  of 
loyalty  and  coinage,  their  inability  to  trust  one 
another  and  combine.  But  the  irony  of  the  situa- 
tion is  that  the  Turks  tolerate  their  faults,  but 
not  their  virtues." 

It  is  added  that  "  the  Sublime  Porte  fears 
and  suppresses  every  sign  of  progress  and  im- 
provement."    Sir  Charles  Eliot  goes  on  : — 

"  I  can  forgive  a  great  deal  to  a  genuine  insur- 
gent against  Turkish  tyranny,  hut  I  cannot  extend 
the  same  indulgence  to  a  Bulgarian  contending 
against  Greek  influence." 

Of  the  Greeks  he  tells  us  that,  whatever 
may  be  said  against  them,  they  "  succeeded 
in  securing  the  autonomy  of  Crete.  But 
....  the  Bulgarians ....  seem  to  be  made 
of  tougher  if  less  idealistic  stuff."  "  Odys- 
seus "  evidently  expects,  on  the  whole, 
that  no  solution  of  the  Balkan  question 
will  be  reached  at  present  : — 

"  Those  who  write  and  talk  about  the  East  are 
continually  prophesying  that  something  startling 
is  about  to  happen.  Otherwise  they  hardly  get  a 
hearing Year  by  year  the  world  feels  sur- 
prised that  nothing  happens  ;  hut  it  forgets  that 
the  reasons  for  expecting  that  anything  would 
happen  were  really  very  small. 

A  beautiftjxly  printed  volume,  Earl 
Percy's  Dinner-Table,  by  Mr.  Harold  Mur- 
dock,  reaches  us  through  Messrs.  A. Constable 
from  Messrs.  Houghton,  Mifflin  &  Co.  There 
is  a  great  deal  about  the  Lord  Percy  who 
received  many  guests  in  the  early  days  of 
the  fighting  round  Boston  Harbour  to  be 
found  in  the  letters  of  the  time,  but  little 
of  lus  own.  In  the  book  before  us  he  is 
treated  as  the  central  figure  of  a  band 
of  British  officers  and  loyalists  who  formed 
the  best  society  of  Boston  at  a  moment 
when  the  leading  "  rebels "  had  left  the 
town.  The  notes  are,  perhaps,  more  inter- 
esting than  the  text.  The  Governor  of  the 
Commonwealth  of  Massachusetts  kept  up 
a  body-guard  of  cavalry  in  powder  and 
pigtails  within  the  memory  of  living 
people.  The  perfection  of  the  old- 
fashioned  drill  of  the  British  army  in  the 
eighteenth  century  is  brought  out  in  many 
passages  from  both  sides.  A  patriot  is 
quoted  in  a  note  for  a  description  of  a 
review  of  which  British  officers  speak  in 
the  text. 

"  Even  the  sending  of  troops  to  put  these  acts  in 
execution  is  not  without  advantages  to  us.  The 
exactness  and  beauty  of  their  discipline  inspire 
our  youth  with  ardor  in  the  pursuit  of  military 
knowledge." 

Collingwood,  the  brother  of  the  beautiful 
Gunning  sisters,  the  future  Lord  Moira 
(Marquis  of  Hastings),  Harry  Fox,  Capt. 
Evelyn  Boscawen  (Viscount  Falmouth,  son 
of  the  admiral),  and  Major  Pitcairn  figure 
at  the  dinner-table,  where  Dr.  Byles,  the 
leading  minister  of  the  Boston  churches, 
plays  the  part  of  the  Irish  Vicar  of  Bray 
at   the  tablo  of  boycotted   Viceroys.     Not 


No.  4197,  April  4,  1908 


THE    ATHENAEUM 


417 


all  the  U.E.L.s  quitted  the  United  States, 
for  the  daughters  of  Dr.  Byles  continued 
to  live  in  the  old  Tory  house  and  to  pray 
for  the  restoration  of  royal  authority  well 
into  the  nineteenth  century  :  one  of  them 
even  congratulated  William  IV.  upon  his 
succession  to  a  throne  still  carrying,  as  she 
maintained,  the  allegiance  of  New  England. 
Judge  Lee  of  Cambridge  was  another  Tory 
who  saw  out  the  war  and  dwelt  peaceably 
in  the  old  American  university  town  long 
into  the  times  of  the  Republic.  The  author 
has  followed  his  heroes  home,  and  quotes 
Lady  Sarah  Lennox  describing  Col.  Fox  at 
Goodwood  after  the  war. 

We  are  very  glad  to  see  that  Prof.  W.  P. 
Ker's  Epic  and  Romance,  a  notable  and 
highly  stimulating  contribution  to  the 
history  of  mediaeval  literature,  has  been 
republished  in  the  "  Eversley  Series  "  (Mac- 
millan). 


NOTES    FROM    OXFORD. 

Spring  is  in  the  air,  and  one  is  sympathetic- 
ally moved  to  note  that  down  amongst  the 
tangled  roots  of  this  ancient  University  a 
quickened  life  is  astir.  Gardeners  in  plenty 
hover  about,  only  too  ready  to  lop  away 
dead  wood  and  otherwise  assist  parturient 
nature.  But  it  is  an  idle  fancy  of  the 
gardening  tribe  that  the  gardener  is  the 
sole  cause  of  the  tree's  growing.  The  shears 
are  likelier  to  do  harm  than  good,  once  the 
sap  has  started  to  run.  Wherefore  the 
sagacious  lord  of  the  demesne  will  call  away 
his  hinds  from  pruning  to  some  other 
necessary  task  within  their  competence — 
colt-breaking,  say,  or  digging,  or  perhaps  a 
little  ploughing. 

Now  whether  some  wise  overseer,  or 
simply  fortunate  chance,  presides  over  our 
councils,  certain  it  is  that  the  good  folk 
whose  afternoon  sport  is  University  reform 
have  of  late  been  strikingly  inactive  ;  and 
yet  that,  of  themselves,  things  are  growing 
with  all  their  might.  Of  the  parliaments  of 
college  tutors  in  the  Schools  only  one  more 
has  been  held  in  the  course  of  this  term  ; 
and  then  the  net  result  of  its  deliberations 
was  the  recommendation  of  a  comparatively 
small  change  in  our  examination  system, 
though  one  embodying  an  important 
principle,  namely,  that  elasticity  is  what  is 
chiefly  needed.  Meanwhile,  burgeoning 
forth  in  spontaneous  luxuriance  on  all  sides 
are  the  many  and  various  Diploma  Courses. 
Scarcely  one,  if  any,  of  these  can  be  said  to 
represent  an  intellectual  interest  that  before 
lay  wholly  beyond  the  range  of  our  curricu- 
lum. Forestry  is  in  a  sense  continuous  with 
Botany  ;  Archaeology  with  Ancient  History  ; 
and  so  on.  They  are  the  natural  outgrowths 
of  the  previous  system.  Nevertheless  they 
may,  undoubtedly,  be  regarded  as  the  heralds 
of  a  new  age. 

The  educational  programme  of  this  new  age 
will  strive  to  retain  that  generous  breadth 
of  outlook  and  handling  which  forms  so 
characteristic  a  feature  of  Oxford  methods, 
and  is  tho  precious  fruit  of  the  traditional 
training  in  the  general  matter  of  the  classics. 
Their  worst  enemies  do  not  accuse  these 
Diploma  Courses  of  narrowness.  On  the 
contrary,  tho  type  of  objection  one  hears 
put  forward  by  old-fashionod  persons  is  that 
Archaeology  wants  to  reduce  Ancient  His- 
tory to  a  sub-section  of  itself  ;  that  Anthropo- 
logy imagines  itself  to  bo  tho  wholoof  scionco 
so  far  as  it  relates  to  man  ;  that  Geography 
aspires  to  bo  an  anthropo-goography,  not 
to  say  a  cosmo-geography  ;  that  Education 
borrows  the  idoa  of  its  scopo  from  Plato's 
all-embracing  '  Republic  '  ;  and  so  forth. 
But  why  not  cast  tho  not  widoly,  so  long  as 
there  are  fish,  in  the  shape  of  rolovant  facts, 


to  be  caught  ?  A  new  and  growing  scientific 
interest  needs  a  definite  nucleus — to  wit, 
its  specific  set  of  leading  questions.  But 
definite  confines  are  a  less  important  matter. 
These  are  for  time  and  trial  to  determine. 
To  portion  out  spheres  of  influence  in  the 
heart  of  an  unexplored  continent  is,  to  say 
the  least  of  it,  highly  premature. 

On  the  other  hand,  the  new  method  of 
education  will  aim  far  more  directly  than 
the  old  at  imparting  special  training,  such  as 
is  required  by  at  least  two  classes  of  persons 
who  "  mean  business,"  namely,  the  scientific 
"researchers"  and  the  members  of  the  learned 
or  skilled  professions.  These  are  the  times 
of  the  business  man,  to  give  the  term  a  wide 
sense.  The  gentleman  of  leisure  has  had  his 
day.  This  nation  has  too  long  laboured 
under  the  delusion  that  culture  consists  in  a 
receptivity,  not  an  activity,  of  mind.  At 
length  we  are  beginning  to  see  that  to  have 
culture  is  to  do  something  with  it.  Another 
way  of  putting  the  matter  is  to  say  that 
hitherto  we  have  aimed  at  being  literary, 
whereas  now  the  educational  ideal  is  rather 
to  become  scientific.  Thus  the  sort  of 
literary  education  we  have  been  giving  to 
our  subjects  of  alien  race  in  India,  South 
Africa,  and  elsewhere  would  seem  calcu- 
lated to  fit  them  for  little  except  talking. 
If  at  home  the  evil  effects  of  such  a  system 
are  not  so  manifest,  is  it  not  because  the 
British  youth,  with  his  natural  common 
sense,  has  usually  refused  to  take  his  so- 
called  education  seriously  ?  Chinese  educa- 
tion, though  literary,  is  at  least  national. 
Mohammedan  education,  though  literary, 
is  at  least  religious.  Our  traditional  educa- 
tion, being  just  as  literary,  is  neither  national 
nor  religious.  To  be  scientific,  on  the  other 
hand,  is  to  pass  beyond  mere  ideology,  mere 
play  of  fancy,  and  to  taste  the  sterner  joy  of 
wrestling  with  hard  facts  so  as,  by  mastering 
their  twists  and  turns,  to  force  them  to 
do  our  will.  Let  literature  by  all  means 
provide  the  propaedeutic.  The  Platonic 
maxim  irporepov  8'  ii>  tchs  \pti>S(criv  will 
always  hold  good.  Imagination,  the  very 
nerve  of  the  higher  life  in  all  its  aspects,  must 
first  be  stimulated  ;  and  this  is  the  proper 
function  of  literature.  Afterwards,  how- 
ever, it  must  be  disciplined  ;  and  that  is  the 
crowning  work  of  science. 

These  generalities  must  suffice  to  render 
in  a  broad  way  the  spirit  of  the  change  that 
is  quietly  and  spontaneously  spreading  over 
Oxford  education.  If  the  student  comes  to 
us  as  a  boy,  we  want  to  send  him  forth  into 
the  world  a  man.  The  first  part  of  his 
University  course  may  well  represent  the 
consummating  stages  of  his  mental  playtime. 
But  a  complementary  later  part  must 
embody  an  apprenticeship  in  his  chosen  life- 
work.  It  should  be  impossible  henceforth 
for  a  man  to  write  to  his  tutor,  after  four 
years  are  spent,  and  the  verdict  of  the  Final 
Schools  is  out,  asking,  "  And  now  what  on 
earth  am  I  to  do  ?  " 

Would  that  the  student  himself,  or  that 
somewhat  out-of-date  institution  the  British 
parent,  or  the  professional  guilds,  or  the 
patrons  of  research,  or  whoever  assists  in 
formulating  tho  demand  we  are  here  to 
supply,  would  take  courage  from  the  ex- 
ample of  the  public  services  !  These  at  least 
realize  that  time  spent  in  acquiring  a 
foretaste  of  ono's  duties  amid  an  atmosphore 
of  free  speculation,  boforo  the  routine  of  a 
subordinate's  post  has  begun,  is  not  time 
thrown  away.  Nor  do  those  who  sway  tho 
destinies  of  tho  Indian  Civil  Sorvice,  the 
Egyptian  Civil  Service,  and  tho  Indian 
Forestry  Department  construo  tho  idoa 
of  spocial  training  too  narrowly.  For  in- 
stanco,  it  has  just  boon  docroed  that  pro- 
bationers for  tho  Sudan  Sorvico  aro  to  bo 
groundod  in  Cultural  Anthropology  that  thoy 


may  the  better  understand  the  minds  and 
institutions  of  the  natives  with  whom  they 
will  have  to  deal.  It  is  to  be  hoped  that  the 
Indian  probationers  likewise  will  sooner  or 
later  find  room  for  similar  studies  by  the 
side  of  their  more  technical  preparation  in 
languages  and  law. 

The  shadow  of  a  great  event  is  already 
stealing  over  Oxford.  This  event  is  the 
Third  International  Congress  of  the  History 
of  Religions,  which  is  to  be  held  here  on 
September  14th  and  the  four  days  following, 
under  the  presidency  of  Sir  Alfred  Lyall. 
Many  assert,  though  some  are  inclined  to 
doubt,  that  it  is  the  first  International  Con- 
gress that  Oxford  has  known.  The  fact  is 
that  some  specialisms  are  so  special  that 
one  of  them  may  have  held  its  international 
conference  round  an  Oxford  table  without 
the  public  being  aware  of  the  cosmopolitan 
significance  of  the  meeting.  The  history 
of  religions,  however,  is  a  matter  in  which 
most  people  are  interested,  and  the  only 
fear  is  lest  this  Congress  may  be  thronged 
to  excess.  A  great  number  of  distinguished 
strangers  have  already  promised  to  be 
present,  and  in  selecting  presidents  and  vice- 
presidents  of  the  eight  sections,  as  well 
as  in  deciding  which  papers  shall  be  read 
before  a  section  and  which  before  the  general 
assembly,  the  Oxford  Committee  will  have 
to  cope  with  an  embarrassing  wealth  of 
"  live  options."  A  flattering  opinion  ap- 
pears to  prevail  abroad  to  the  effect  that 
International  Congresses  held  in  England 
are  always  a  success.  If  the  British  climate 
will  only  perform  its  part,  it  is  certain  that 
Oxford  hospitality  will  endeavour  to  do 
whatever  else  is  needed  to  uphold  the  good 
name  of  the  country. 

Despite  hard  times,  the  pious  benefactor, 
whether  individual  or  collective,  is  not  wholly 
idle.  Rumour  asserts  that  the  Chancellor' a- 
Fund  mounts  steadily,  though  not  exactly 
by  the  leaps  and  bounds  which  glowing 
fancy  had  anticipated.  Brasenose  College 
has  covered  itself  with  glory  by  offering 
to  share  with  the  University  the  large  sum 
that  has  accrued  as  increment  under  its 
Hulme  Trust.  Each  year  1,0007.  will  be 
regularly  applied  to  University  purposes, 
whilst  another  1,000/.  will  be  applicable 
to  such  objects  as  benefit  the  University 
and  the  College  together.  The  Maitland 
Memorial  Library — a  mark  of  the  respect 
with  which  Oxford  regards  the  memory  of 
the  great  Cambridge  historian — has  found 
a  home  in  All  Souls  College.  The  Pelham 
Memorial  Fund,  which  aims  at  founding  a 
studentship  in  connexion  with  the  British 
School  at  Rome,  now  amounts  to  something 
near  1,000/.,  though  1,500/.  is  wanted  to 
carry  out  the  scheme  handsomely.  The- 
Compatriots'  Club  is  proposing  to  found 
a  biennial  essay  prize  of  50/.,  the  subjects 
of  which  aro  to  concern  the  economic  con- 
ditions of  the  British  Empire.  Finally, 
Dr.  Henry  Wilde,  to  whom  the  University 
already  owes  much,  has  prosented  the 
Committee  for  Anthropology  with  100/., 
a  nost  egg  of  which  it  stood  in  direst  need. 

The  Oriel  Professorship  of  the  Interpreta- 
tion of  Holy  Scripture  happens  to  involve 
the  dutias  of  a  Canon  of  Rochester  ;  and 
the  distinguished  occupant  of  tho  chair  ini 
question,  Dr.  Cheyne,  finds  himself  prevented 
by  ill-health  from  performing  those  duties 
any  longor.  In  these  circumstances  the 
Delegates  of  tho  Common  Fund  have  vory 
proporly  takon  advantage  of  the  powors 
they  hold  under  their  statutes  to  provide 
ponsions  for  profossors.  It  is  to  be  hoped 
that  Dr.  Cheyne  will  find  himself  strong 
enough  both  to  dolivor  lectures  as  before, 
and  to  continue  thoso  contributions  to  tho 
study  of  the  Old  Testament  which  have  put 
him    in   tho    forofront   of   Biblical    scholar*. 


IIS 


T  II  K     ATHEN^UM 


No.  4107,  APHIL  4,  1908 


Finally,  a  word  of  praise  is  to  bo  said  OB 
behalf  Of  an  innovation  lor  which  wo  have 
to  thank  IVof.  Bourno.  Honcofort  h  ovory 
member     oJ     the     I'nivorsity     (an     he     will) 

is  to  be  weighed  in  the  bslsnfm  and,  if  found 

wanting  when  ho  comes  up,  will  doubtless, 
with  the  liolp  of  tho  college  kitchon  and 
other  fortifying  influonoos,  turn  tho  scalo 
to  greator  advantage  wlion  weighed  again 
boforo  going  down.  In  other  words,  an 
antliropomotrieal  laboratory  has  been  in- 
stituted. Thoro  are  stories  in  circulation 
to  the  effect  that  some  of  the  patients 
demanded  a  guarantoe  lest  their  fingor-prints 
should  subsequently  be  used  against  them. 
Meanwhile,  the  avorage  height  of  the  Oxford 
undergraduate  is  said  at  present  to  work 
out  at  something  like  six  feet,  and  his  chest 
measurement  at  about  forty  inches.  This 
is  because  the  "  blue  "  instantly  closes  with 
the  offer  to  be  measured,  whilst  the  book- 
worm unaccountably  holds  back.  In  the 
interests  of  statistical  truth  the  University, 
it  is  plain,  will  have  to  make  such  measure- 
ment compulsory  on  all.  M. 


MR.  BERNARD  SHAW  IN  FRENCH. 

March  26, 1908. 
Your  '  Notes  from  Paris '  in  the  issue  of 
the  21st  inst.  end  with  the  following  astonish- 
ing paragraph  : — 

"Bernard  Shaw  has  not  been  so  well  treated, 
and  there  is  little  prospect,  in  spite  of  the  admira- 
tion that  the  French  feel  for  him,  of  his  plays 
appearing  on  a  Parisian  stage  so  long  as  he  is  in- 
terpreted by  his  present  translator." 

When  I  say  that  this  is  astonishing,  I 
mean  that  it  is  astonishing  in  an  English 
paper.  In  a  German  or  French  paper,  I  am 
sorry  to  say,  there  would  be  nothing  sur- 
prising in  it.  There  is  nothing  more  amazing 
to  an  English  man  of  letters  than  the  shame- 
less way  in  which  German  and  French 
professional  translators  and  their  journalist 
friends  endeavour  to  discredit  rival  trans- 
lators who  have  been  more  fortunate  than 
themselves  in  obtaining  authorizations  from 
English  authors.  For  example,  my  German 
translator,  Herr  Siegfried  Trebitsch,  whose 
translations  established  my  reputation  as 
a  playwright  in  Germany  whilst  my  plays 
were  still  virtually  unknown  to  the  English 
stage,  has  periodically  to  suffer  from  attacks 
in  the  German  press,  insanely  alleging,  in 
Bpite  of  his  repeated  successes  in  the  theatre, 
that  his  translations  (which  I  have  myself 
revised)  are  unfaithful,  absurd,  impossible  ; 
and  some  of  these  attacks  are  openly  signed 
by  men  who  have  themselves  sought  to 
become  my  translators,  and  who  make 
no  secret  of  their  disappointment  at  having 
been  anticipated  by  Herr  Trebitsch. 

But  on  one  point  at  least  the  German 
attacks  were  in  order.  Herr  Trebitsch' s 
translations  had  been  performed,  and  were 
therefore  fair  game  for  criticism.  Your 
Paris  correspondent,  C.  G.,  has  not  thought 
it  necessary  to  wait  for  this  ceremony  before 
making  his  attack.  My  authorized  trans- 
lators in  France  are  M.  and  Madame 
Augustin  and  Henriette  Hamon.  None 
of  their  translations  have  yet  been  performed 
in  France.  A  production  of  their  translation 
of  '  Candida '  in  Brussels  is  not  technically 
within  the  cognizance  of  your  Parisian 
correspondent,  who  will  find,  if  he  refers 
to  the  notices  of  that  event  which  appeared 
in  the  Brussels  press,  that  the  translation 
was  spoken  of  in  the  highest  terms  without 
a  single  dissentient.  For  the  publication 
of  the  Hamon  translations  in  Paris  I  have 
received  an  offer — which,  by  the  way,  was 
withhold  until  the  translations  had  been 
submitted  to  the  judgment  of  the  firm's 
readers — from    MM.    Perrin,    an    old-estab- 


liahed  Parisian  publishing  house  of  the 
highest  steading.  M.  Hamon,  though  no 
doubt  entirely  unknown  to  tho  thoatrical 
gossips  of  "  tho  boulovard,"  is  woll  known, 
not  only  in  Franco,  but  also  beyond  tho 
frontiers,  as  a  writer  on  sociological  subjects, 
and  as  having  for  some  yoars  odited  a  review 
which  boasted  many  remarkable  contributors, 
also,  I  need  hardly  add,  as  little  known  to 
"  tho  boulevard "  as  our  best  authors 
and  thinkers  still  are  in  England  to  "  the 
Strand." 

The  usual  attacks  have  followed  the 
announcement  that  M.  and  Madame  Hamon 
have  secured  the  exclusive  authorization 
to  translate  my  plays  into  French.  I  have 
had  assurances  concerning  M.  Hamon  of 
precisely  the  same  character  as  I  have 
referred  to  above  concerning  Herr  Tre- 
bitsch, the  object  being  to  humbug  me  (I 
can  really  find  no  other  word  for  it)  into 
allowing  one  of  the  numerous  gentlemen 
who  assure  me  that  they  have  influence 
with  managers,  and  that  they  know  how 
to  adapt  my  plays  to  the  requirements  of 
"  the  boulevard,"  to  fasten  themselves  as 
collaborators  on  the  harvest  of  fees  my 
plays  are  expected  to  sow  in  France.  For- 
tunately, I  am  an  old  hand  at  theatrical 
business,  and  know  this  gentry  well :  it 
exists  here  as  it  exists  in  Paris.  But  it  has 
never  hitherto,  I  think,  succeeded  in  using 
The  AtheruBum  as  a  vehicle,  not  of  criticism, 
but  of  simple  defamation  of  those  whose 
work  it  covets.  In  England,  from  the 
lowest  grade  of  manual  labour  to  the 
highest  planes  of  professional  skill,  there 
is  a  solid  public  opinion  as  to  the  meanness 
of  one  man  in  a  trade  trying  "  to  do  another 
out  of  his  job."  Your  correspondent, 
C.  G.,  has  apparently  been  made  the  tool 
— no  doubt  through  inexperience — of  those 
parasites  on  literature  and  the  drama  who 
spend  much  of  their  lives  in  the  daily 
commission  of  this  meanness.  He  will 
soon  have  ample  opportunity  of  criticizing 
the  Hamon  translations  at  the  proper  time  : 
that  is,  after  their  formal  submission  in  the 
French  theatre  to  the  French  public. 
Even  then  he  will,  I  hope,  criticize,  and 
not  make  ambiguous  remarks,  which  might 
easily  be  taken  to  refer  to  personal  cha- 
racter instead  of  to  technical  competence. 
In  the  meantime  he  may  congratulate  him- 
self on  the  fact  that  his  attempt  to  induce 
me  to  withdraw  my  authorization  from 
M.  and  Madame  Hamon  (for  that  is  what 
his  remark  comes  to)  has  failed.  Had  it 
succeeded,  his  editor,  who  could  not  possibly 
have  guessed  that  the  translations  referred 
to  were  unpublished,  might  have  had  to 
bear  the  brunt  of  M.  Hamon' s  legal  remedy. 
G.  Bernard  Shaw. 

P.S. — As  I  write,  the  management  of 
the  Theatre  des  Arts,  in  requesting  my 
authorization  for  the  production  of 
'  Candida,'  informs  me  that  it  had  been 
misled  by  false  reports  as  to  the  Hamon 
translations,  to  which  it  takes  no  exception. 

%*  We  hope  to  publish  a  reply  to  Mr. 
Shaw's  astonishing  letter.  Meanwhile  we 
note  that  some  parts  of  it  are  irrelevant, 
and  others  are  founded  on  the  attractive, 
but  unconvincing  method  of  regarding 
suppositions  as  facts. 


TOLSTOY'S    EIGHTIETH    BIRTHDAY. 

Reform  ClnVt. 

In  September  of  this  year  Count  Leo 
Tolstoy  will  complete  his  eightieth  year, 
and  it  is  proposed  to  celebrate  his  birthday 
as  an  event  of  international  importance. 
The  peoples  of  all  civilized  countries  are 
asked  to  join  in  doing  him  honour,  both  as 
the  greatest  representative  of  Russian  litera- 


turo  and  as  a  social   roforuiei   who  has   -•  t 

a  Ugh  idee!  of  life  before  the  world. 

\  Centra]  Committee  lias  lxv?n  formed 
in  Kunsia  under  tho  higln-.t  literary  auspices, 
with  the  purpose  of  inviting  representative 
of  literaturo,  social  progress,  and  the  loarned 
societies  from  all  parts  of  the  world 
to  unite  for  tho  occasion  in  St.  Petersburg 
or  Moscow.  Besides  the  international  ad- 
dress which  it  is  proposed  to  present  to 
Count  Tolstoy  at  that  time,  a  further  scheme 
in  his  honour  has  been  suggested  :  to  issue 
a  cheap  edition  of  his  principal  works  in  the 
loading  languages  of  Europe. 

To  assist  in  these  objects,  a  Committee 
has  already  been  formed  in  Paris,  including 
such  well-known  members  of  the  Institut 
as  Anatole  France,  M.  Leroy  Beaulieu, 
and  M.  le  Marquis  Melchior  de  Vogue. 

The  British  Committee  is  now  in  process 
of  formation,  the  following  having  already 
consented  to  give  their  support  to  the  pro- 
posal :  Mr.  George  Meredith,  Mr.  Thomas 
Hardy,  Mr.  H.  G.  Wells,  Mr.  Henry  James, 
Hon.  Maurice  Baring,  Mr.  J.  M.  Barrie, 
Mr.  J.  Galsworthy,  Prof.  G.  Murray,  Mr. 
Bernard  Shaw,  Mr.  Laurence  Irving,  Sir 
Donald  M.  Wallace,  Mr.  Aylmer  Maude, 
Mrs.  Garnett,  Mr.  H.  W.  Novinson,  Mr.  A. 
Sutro,  Lord  Redesdale,  the  Earl  of  Lytton, 
Mr.  Maurice  Hewlett,  and  Prof.  P.  Vino- 
gradoff.  Mr.  Edmund  Gosse  has  kindly 
consented  to  act  as  President  of  the 
Committee. 

It  is  hoped  that  our  country's  share  in 
the  proceedings  will  be  worthy  of  the  liigh 
services  we  have  received  from  this  great 
artist  and  teacher,  and  the  wide  admiration 
with  winch  he  is  regarded  among  us. 

The  British  Committee  proposes  to  work 
in  co-operation  with  the  Russian,  the 
Secretary  of  winch,  M.  Michel  Stakhowitch, 
Marshal  of  Nobility  for  the  province  of 
Orel  (adjoining  that  in  which  Count  Tolstoy 
resides),  has  lately  visited  London. 

Contributions  may  be  sent  to  Messrs. 
Barclay  &  Co.,  1,  'Pall  Mall  East,  S.W. 
Cheques  should  be  made  payable  to 
"  Tolstoy  Fund." 

C.  Hagberg  Wright,  Hon.  Sec. 
(London  Library,  S.W.) 


THE  MAGIC  CARPET. 

The  rooks  sailed  over  the  roof  with  a  sound  of  the 
sea, 

With  a  sound  of  the  sea  on  the  shore  in  the  gather- 
ing dark  ; 

The  west  shone  pale  through  the  boughs  of  the 
sycamore  tree 

As  the  rooks  sailed  home  to  their  haunt  in  the 
dusky  park. 

Over  the  house,  and  away  through  dim  deeps  of 

the  air, 
Chiming  with  myriad  voices  the  day  to  its  rest, 
Still   they   went  sailing,    sailing  and   clamouring 

there, 
And  my  heart  flew  too,  like  a  wild  bird  back  to 

the  nest. 
For  lo,  at  the  sound  of  their  passage  no  more  might 

I  see 
Dun  of  the  glimmering  dusk,  or  wan  skies  growing 

cold — 
I  was  back  in  the  green  isle  of  youth,  looking  down 

to  the  quay, 
And  marshland,  and  valley,  and  cliff  through  a 

sunset  all  gold. 

Marshland,  and  valley,  and  down,  and  the  sea  out 

beyond, 
There,  as  in  days  long  done,  it  was  given  to  me 
To  stand  for  a  moment's  span  in  a  dream's  frail 

bond, 
For  the  call  of  the  homing  rooks  was  the  call  of 

the  sea. 

Rosamund  Marriott  Watson. 


No.  4197,  April  4,  1908 


THE    ATHENAEUM 


419 


LIST  OF  NEW  BOOKS. 

ENGLISH. 

Theology. 

Bary  (R.  de),    The  Social  Paradise,  6/  net.     Described  as 

a  vade-mecum  of  the  Theocracy. 
Butler  (H.  E.),  The  Goal  of  Life  ;  or,  Science  and  Revela- 
tion, 8/6  net. 
Edwards  (J.),  A  Primer  of  Homiletics,  2/6 
Footsteps  of  our  Lord  and  Saviour  Jesus  Christ  Followed 

after  in  Prayer,  2/6  net.    Translated  by  H.  Kynaston. 
Guthrie  (Thomas),  Parables  of  our  Lord,  read  in  the  Light 

of  the  Present  Day,  3/6  net. 
Horton  (R.  F.),  My  Belief,  3/6  net.    Answers  to  certain 

religious  difficulties. 
Jeffs  (H.),  The  Good  New  Times,  2/6 
Moule  (Bishop),  Christ's  Witness  to  the  Life  to  Come,  and 

other  Sermons,  3/6 
Oesterley  (Rev.  W.  O.  E.),  The  Evolution  of  the  Messianic 

Idea,  3/6  net.    A  study  in  comparative  religion. 
Pentin  (H.),  Judith,  2/6  net.    A  volume  of  the  Apocrypha 

in  English  Literature. 
Riggs  (J.   S.),  The  Messages  of   Jesus  according  to  the 

Gospel  of  John,  3/6.    In  the  Messages  of  the  Bible. 
Simpson  (J.  G.),  Christian  Ideals,  6/ 
Walton  (J.  L.),  "  Down  with  the  Church  "  :   a  Conspiracy 

Unmasked,  2/  net. 

Law. 

Hemmant  (D.  G.),  The  Law  of  Limited  Partnerships  under 
the  Limited  Partnerships  Act,  1007,  2/6  net. 

Law  List,  1008.  10/6  net. 

Ruegg  (Judge)  and  Coltman  (F.  J.),  The  Minton-Senhouse 
Reports  of  Workmen's  Compensation  Cases,  Vol.  IX.,  6/ 

Strahan  (J.  A.),  The  Law  of  Wills,  7/6 

Swan  (K.  R.),  The  Law  and  Commercial  Usage  of  Patents, 
Designs,  and  Trade-Marks,  6/  net. 

Fine  Art  and  Archeology. 
Anderson  OY),  Japanese  Wood  Engravings  :  their  History, 

Technique,  and  Characteristics,  2/  net.    New  Edition. 
Calvert   (A.  F.),  Leon,  Burgos,  and  Salamanca,  3/6  net. 

With  462  illustrations,  in  the  Spanish  Series. 
Herkomer  (Prof.   Sir   Hubert  von),  My   School   and   my 

Gospel,  21/  net.    A  record  of  the  author's  connexion 

with  Bushey  School  from  its  foundation  in  1883  to  his 

retirement  in  1904. 
International  Congress  of  Architects,  London,  July  16-21, 

1006.  Transactions. 
Masterpieces  in  Colour  :  Holman  Hunt,  by  M.  E.  Coleridge  ; 

Titian,  by  S.  L.  Bensusan,  1/6  net  each. 
Northampton  (Marquis  of)  and  Others,  Report  on  some 

Excavations   in   the   Theban   Necropolis   during  the 

Winter  of  1898-9,  21/  net. 
Telephoto  Quarterly,  No.  I.,  March,  id.    Edited  by  Ca.pt. 

Owen  Wheeler. 
Wroth  (Warwick),  Catalogue  of  the  Imperial  Byzantine 

Coins  in  the  British  Museum,  2  vols.,  55/.     With  an 

Introduction  and  79  plates. 

Poetry  and  Drama. 
Bourdillon  (F.  W.),  Preludes  and  Romances,  3/6  net. 
Dover  Pageant,  27th  July  to  1st  August,  1908  :  Book  of  the 

Words,  6d.  net. 
Exodus  and  Daniel,  2/6  net.    Two  Old  English  poems,  edited 

by  F.  A.  Blackburn  in  the  Belles-Lettres  Series. 
Green-Room  Book  ;  or.  Who  's  Who  on  the  Stage,  6/  net. 
Piatt  (W.),  Drama  of  Life,  3/6  net.    Sonnets  and  music. 
Salmon  (A.  L),  West-Country  Verses,  3/  net. 
Schelling  (F.  E.),  Elizabethan  Drama,  1558-1642,  2  vols., 

31/6  net. 
Service  (R.   W.),  Songs  of  a  Sourdough,  2/6  net.      New 

Edition. 
Sh;ihn;ima  of  Firdausf,  Vol.  III.,  translated  by  A.  G.  and 

E.  Warner,  10/6.    In  Triibner's  Oriental  Series. 
Swinburne  (Algernon  C),  The  Duke  of  Gandia,  5/ 
Wordsworth  (W.),  Poems,  3  vols.,   15/  net.     Edited,   with 

Introduction  and  notes,  by  Nowell  C.  Smith. 

Mime. 
Catalogue  of  Music  and  Musical  Literature  in  the  Central 

Library,  Cardiff. 
Ellis  (W.   A.),  The    Life  of   Richard  Wagner,   Vol.  VI., 

16/  net. 
Newmarch  (Rosa),  Tchaikovsky,  his  Life  and  Works,   7/6. 

With  extracts  from  his  writings  and  the  diary  of  his 

tour  abroad  in  1888.    Edited  by  Edwin  Evans. 
Bibliography. 
Book-Auction  Records,  Vol.  I.,  Part  I.,  21/.     New  Edition, 

revised  by  Frank  Karslake. 
I  iiinan  (M.  E.),  New  Jersey  State  Publications  on  History, 

Geology,  Geography,   Climate,   Resources,  Industries, 

and  other  Topics. 
Gray  (G.  J.),  A  Bibliography  of  the  Works  of  Sir  Isaac 

Newton.    Second  Edition, 
Gunther   (R.  T),    A    Bibliography  of   Topographical  and 

Geological  Works  on  the  Phlegravin  Fields. 
Plomer  (H.    R.),    A    Dictionary  of    the  Booksellers   and 

Printers  who  were  at  work  in   England,  Scotland,  and 

Ireland  from  1641  to  1067,  7/6. 

Political  Economy. 
Morse  (H.    B.),   The   Trade  and    Administration    of   the 

Chinese  Empire,  7/6  net.     With  illustrations,  maps,  and 

diagrams. 

History  and  Biography. 
Burke  (A.   M.),   Key  to  the  Ancient   Parish   Registers  of 

England  and  Wales,  10/6  net. 
Charters,  Bulls,  and  other  Documents  relating  to  the  Abbey 

of  Inehaffray.     Chiefly  from  the  originals  in  the  charter 

chest  of  the  Earl  of  Kinnoull.    Edited  by  W.  A.  Lindsay, 

Bishop  Dowden,  and  John  Maitland  Thomson   for  the 

Scottish  History  Society. 
Dunoon  (J.),  Lady  Lettice,  Vi-Countess  Falkland,  6/  net. 

Edited,  with  Introduction,  by  M.  F.  Howard, 
Holmes  (Mrs.    Basil),  West  Twyford.   Middlesex,    1/  net. 

N"i  <'s  on  the  history  of  the  parish  from  the  time  of  the 

Domesday  Survey. 
Mackinlay(M.   Sterling),  Garcia  the  Centenarian  and  his 

Times,  15/  net.     A  memoir  of  Manuel  Garcia's  life  and 

labours  for  the  advancement  of  music  and  science,  with 

illustrations. 


Maude  (E.),  Oriental  Campaigns  and  European  Furloughs, 
7/6  net.  The  autobiography  of  a  veteran  of  the  Indian 
Mutiny. 

Morley  (John),  The  Life  of  Richard  Cobden,  2  vols.,  8/  net. 
In  the  Eversley  Series.  For  notice  see  Athen.,  Oct.  29, 
1881,  p.  555. 

Noyes  (E.),  The  Story  of  Milan,  4/6  net.  Illustrated  by 
Dora  Noyes  in  the  Mediaeval  Town  Series. 

Putnam  (R.),  Charles  the  Bold,  last  Duke  of  Burgundy, 
1433-77,  5/.     In  Heroes  of  the  Nations. 

Reich  (E.),  General  History  of  Western  Nations  from 
5000  B.C.  to  1900  A.n.  :  Antiquity,  2  vols.,  15/  net. 

Welsh  Political  and  Educational  Leaders  in  the  Victorian 
Era,  16/.  Edited  by  the  Rev.  J.  Vyrnwy  Morgan,  with 
portraits. 

Young  (R.  B.),The  Life  and  Work  of  George  William  Stow, 
South  African  Geologist  and  Ethnologist,  3/6.  With 
portrait. 

Geography  and  Travel. 

Ellis  (Havelock),  The  Soul  of  Spain,  7/6  net.  With  photo- 
gravure frontispiece. 

Harper  (G.  C),  The  North  Devon  Coast,  15/  net. 

Macfarlane  (W.),  Geographical  Collections  relating  to  Scot- 
land, Vol.  III.  Edited  from  Macfarlane's  transcript  in 
the  Advocates'  Library,  by  Sir  Arthur  Mitchell  and 
James  T.  Clark,  for  the  Scottish  History  Society. 

O'Connor  (P.  C.  Scott),  The  Indian  Country-side,  6/  net. 
A  calendar  and  diary,  illustrated  from  photographs  by 
the  author. 

Read  (D.  II.  Mont  ray).  Highways  and  Byways  in  Hamp- 
shire, 6/.     With  illustrations  by  Arthur  B.  Connor. 

Reich  (E.),  Atlas  Antiqmis,  10/6  net.  In  48  original  graphic 
maps,  with  text  to  each  map,  and  full  Index. 

Reynolds-Ball  (E.),  Mediterranean  Winter  Resorts,  Vol.1. 
South  Europe,  3/6.  A  practical  handbook  to  the 
principal  health  and  pleasure  resorts  on  the  shores  of 
the  Mediterranean.    New  Edition. 

Stevenson  (R.  L.),  Edinburgh,  Cd.  net.  People's  Edition, 
with  illustrations. 

Twentieth-Century  Impressions  of  British  Malaya :  Its 
History,  People,  Commerce,  Industries,  and  Resources. 

Workman  (F.  B.   and  W.  II.),  Ice-Bound  Heights  of  the 
Mustagh,    21/  net.     An    account   of   two    seasons   of 
pioneer  exploration  and  high  climbing  in  the  Baltistan 
Himalaya,  with  two  maps  and  170  illustrations. 
Sports  and  Pastimes. 

Condition  of  Hunters :  their  Choice  and  Management,  by 
Nimrod,  10/6  net.  A  new  issue,  edited  by  Frank  T. 
Barton,  with  34  illustrations. 

Nisbet's  Golf  Year-Book,  1908,  2/6  net.  Edited  by  John  L. 
Low. 

Sporting  and  Athletic  Register,  1008.    Includes  the  results 
for  1907  of  all  the  important  events  in  athletics,  games, 
and  other  forms  of  sport  in  the  United  Kingdom. 
Philology. 

Agar  (T.  L),  Homerica:  Emendations  and  Elucidations  of 
the  Odyssey,  14/  net. 

Aristotle,  Works  :  Part  II.  De  Lineis  Insecabilibus,  2/6  net. 
Translated  by  J.  A.  Smith  and  W.  D.  Ross. 

New  English  Dictionary  :  Monopoly — Movement,  edited  by 
Dr.  H.  Bradley,  5/ 

Nugent's  French -English  and  English-French  Dictionary, 
2/6 

School- Books. 

Chouville  (L.),  Trois  Semaines  en  France,  II.  Edited  by 
D.  L.  Savory,  with  questions  for  conversation  and 
grammatical  exercises  by  Frances  M.  S.  Batchelor. 

Darbishire  (O.  V.),  A  Plant  Book  for  Schools,  2/6.  An 
easy  introduction  to  the  study  of  plant  life,  con- 
taining 108  illustrations  from  photographs  and  7  from 
drawings. 

Jager(Dr.  Oskar),  The  Teaching  of  History,  3/6 net.  Trans- 
lated by  H.  J.  Chaytor,  with  an  Introduction  by  C.  H. 
Firth. 

More  (Sir  Thomas),  Utopia,  1/4.  Translated  by  Raphe 
Robynson,  with  Introduction  and  notes  by  A.  J.  Grieve, 
in  the  Temple  Series  of  English  Texts. 

Norman  (J.  S.),  The  Teaching  of  Arithmetic  to  Simple 
Proportion,  1/  net.  A  lecture  delivered  at  the  Con- 
ference of  the  Head  Masters  of  Preparatory  Schools, 
December,  1907. 

O'Leary  (De  Lacy),  England  under  Richard  II.,  2/6 

Oxford  Higher  French  Series :  Gautier's  Espafia  and 
Emaux  et  Came'es,  edited  by  C.  Edmund  Delbos,  2/  net ; 
Pages  choisies  de  Auguste  Angellier,  edited  by  E. 
Legouis,  3/6  net. 

Sainte-Beuve,  Trois  Portraits  litteraires,  3/  net.  Edited  by 
D.  L.  Savory. 

Teachers'  Handbook  to  Mackay  and  Curtis'  First  and 
Second  French  Books.  1/  net.  Notes  to  First  French 
Book  by  D.  Mackay  and  F.  J.  Curtis  ;  notes  to  Second 
French  Book  by  D.  Mackay. 

Walden(A.  F.)  and  Lambert  (B.),  A  Systematic  Introduc- 
tion to  Analytical  Chemistry,  3/6.  An  elementary 
class-book. 

Wilmot-Buxton  (E.  M.),  A  History  of  Great  Britain  from 
the  Coming  of  the  Angles  to  the  Year  1870,  3/6.  With 
twenty  maps. 

Science. 

Arrhenius(S.),  Worlds  in  the  Making  :  the  Evolution  of  the 
Universe,  6/.  Translated  by  Dr.  H.  Borns,  with  illus- 
trations. 

Ballance(C.  A.),  Some  Points  in  the  Surgery  of  the  Brain 
and  its  Membranes.  15/  net. 

Brightwen  (E.).  Last  Hours  with  Nature,  2/6  net.  Edited 
by  W.  H.  Ohesson,  with  illustrations  by  Theo.  Carreras 
and  the  author. 

Country  Queries  and  Notes,  No.  I.,  id.  net.  A  monthly 
journal  for  the  interchange  of  knowledge  and  ideas 
l»t ween  students  of  Nature  and  lovers  of  country 
life. 

Duncan  (A.),  A  Guide  to  Sick  Nursing  in  the  Tropics, 
2/6  net. 

nayden  ..(H.  H.),  The  Geology  of  the  Provinces  of  Tsang 
and  0  in  Central  Tibet,  4/.  In  the  Memoirs  of  the  Geo- 
logir.il  Survey  of  Tndwi. 

Iredell  (J.  S.),  Notes  on  Magnetism  and  Electricity,  with 
an  Introduction  t<>  Telephony  and  Telegraphy,  illus- 
trnled,  :t/fi  net. 

Medical  Register,  1908, 10/6 


Merck  (E.),  Chemical  Reagents,  their  Purity  and  Tests, 

6/  net. 
Noyes  (W.  A.),  A  Textbook  of  Organic  Chemistry,  6/  net. 
Reese  (A.  M.),  The  Development  of  the  American  Alligator. 

In  the  Smithsonian  Miscellaneous  Collections. 
Rivers  (W.  H.  R.),   The  Influence  of  Alcohol  and  other 

Drugs  on  Fatigue,  6/  net.  The  Croonian  Lectures  for  1900. 
Sherren  (J.),  Injuries  of  Nerves  and  their  Treatment,  5/ net. 
Suplee  (H.  Harrison),  The  Mechanical  Engineer's  Reference 

Book,  18/  net.    A  handbook  of  tables,  formulas,  and 

methods   for  engineers,    students,  and   draughtsmen. 

Third  Edition. 
Wheeler  (C.  E.),  Knaves  or  Fools?  2/6  net.    Five  essays 

dealing  with  '  The  Situation ' :  '  Samuel  Hahnemann  and 

his  Times ' ;  '  The  Trend  of  Modern  Medicine,'  &c. 
Wright  (W.  P.),  Cassell's  A  B  C  of  Gardening,  3/6  net.     Ad 

illustrated  encyclopaedia  of  practical  horticulture. 

Juvenile  Books. 

Grimm's  Fairy  Tales,  3/6.    Illustrated  by  n.  M.  Brock  and 

L.  Speed  in  the  Prince's  Library. 
Irons  (G.),  A  Torn  Scrap-Book,  2/6.    Talks  and  Tales  illus- 
trative of  the  "Our  Father,"  with  Preface  by  Rev.  R. 

Hugh  Benson. 

Fiction. 
Andom  (R.),  The  Enchanted  Ship,  3/6.    A  story  of  mystery, 

illustrated  by  Louis  Gunnis. 
Beach  (R.),  The  Barrier,  6/.    Illustrated  by  Denman  Fink. 
Blyth  (J.),  The  Weaning,  6/ 
Carpenter  (E.),  Sketches  from  Life  in  Town  and  Country, 

and  some  Verses,  5/  net.    With  portrait. 
Cleeve  (Lucas),  The  Cardinal  and  Lady  Susan,  6/ 
Conyers  (D.),  Three  Girls  and  a  Hermit,  6/ 
Cupid— the  Chauffeur.    A  motor  tour  in  Sweden,  and  what 

came  of  it,  by  one  of  the  party. 
Dan  Riach,  Socialist,  by  the  Author  of  '  Miss  Molly,'  6/ 

A  story  of  English  manufacturing  life. 
Dean  (Ellis),  His  Wife,  6/ 
Griffiths  (A.),  Thrice  Captive,  6/ 
Hainsselin  (M.  T.),  The  Isle  of   Maids,  6/.    A  romance  of 

the  Mediterranean. 
Hales  (A.  G.),  Marozia,  6/ 
Howells   (W.    D.),  Fennel   and   Rue,  6/.    Illustrated   by 

Charlotte  Harding. 
Hyne  (C.  J.  Cutcliffe),  The  Recipe  for  Diamonds,  7d.  net. 

New  Edition. 
Kipling  (Rudyard),  Kim,  5/  net.    Pocket    Edition.    For 

notice  see  Athen..  Oct.  26,  1901.  p.  552. 
Marriott   (H.    P.     FitzGerahO,    The     Iron    Detective    of 

Germany,  1/  net.    A  comedv  of  the  near  future. 
Oppenheim  (E.  Phillips),  The  Missioner,  6/.     With  illustra- 
tions. 
Pasture   (Mrs.  Henry  de  la),  Adam   Grigson,    3/6.    New 

Edition. 
Praed  (Mrs.  Campbell),  By  their  Fruits,  6/.    With  frontis- 
piece by  Charles  Pears. 
Sherren  (Wilkinson),  The  Insurgent.  6/ 
Swan  (Annie  S.).  Anne  Hyde,  Travelling  Companion,  3/6. 
Tales  from  Sacchetti,  3/6  net.     Translated  from  the  Italian 

bv  Mary  G.  Steegmann. 
Townley  (Houghton).  The  Splendid  Coward,  6/ 
Wvndham  (E.),  The  Lily  and  the  Devil,  6/ 
Yonge  (C.  M.),  Countess  Kate,  and  The  Stokesley  Secret ; 

Dynevor  Terrace,  1/  net  each.    New  Edition. 

General  Literature. 

Bryant  (E.  A.),  A  New  Self-Help,  5/.  The  book  traces  the 
careers  of  some  of  the  most  notable  figures  in  the 
domain  of  invention,  science,  industry,  and  commerce, 
illustrated. 

Coleridge's  Literary  Criticism,  2/0  net.  With  an  Intro- 
duction by  J.  W.  Mackail. 

Dease  (A.),  The  Beckoning  of  the  Wand,  3/6  net.  Sketches 
of  less-known  Ireland. 

Green  (A.  F.  U.),  Landscape  Sketching  for  Military  Pur- 
poses, 4/0  net. 

Henriques  (R.  L.  Q.),  Guide  to  Army  Signalling,"!/ net. 
Includes  the  prismatic  compass,  map  reading,  and 
setting. 

Lynd  (R.),  Irish  and  English  Portraits  and  Impressions, 
5/  net. 

Oaten  (E.  F.\  A  Sketcli  of  Anglo-Indian  Literature, 
3/6  net.    The  Le  Bas  Prize  Essay  for  1007. 

Paterson  (A.),  Administration  of  Charity,  1/.  Reprinted 
from  The  Times. 

Railway  Year-Book.  190S.  2/6  net. 

Sargeaunt  (B.  E.),  Weapons,  2/6  net.  A  brief  discourse  on 
hand-weapons  other  than  firearms.     Illustrated. 

Searchlight  on  the  Balkans,  by  Ulysses,  6rf. 

Sorensen  (S.),  An  Index  to  the  Names  in  the  Mahabharata, 
Part  IV.,  7/6  net.  With  short  explanations,  and  a  Con- 
cordance to  the  Bombay  and  Calcutta  editions" and 
P.  C.  Rov's  translation. 

Stock  Exchange  Official  Intelligencer,  100S,  50/  net. 
Pamphlets. 

Books  for  the  Higher  Life. 

Rules  and  List  of  Members  of  the  P.ibliographicallSociety, 
100S. 

Women  and  Drink  :  Opinions  of  Medical  Men,  collected  by 
the  Women's  Union  of  the  Church  of  England  Temper 
ance  Society,  Id.     With  statistics. 

FORRIO  N. 
Theology. 
Barth  (F.),  Einleitung  in  das  Neue  Testament,  7m. 

Pine  Art  and  Archtrolngy. 
Borchardt(L).  Kunstwerke  aus  dein  agyptischen  Museum 

EU  Cairo,  40m. 
Deehelette  (J.),  Manuel  d'Archeologie.   prchistoriqu    'eel- 
tique,    et    gallo-ronwine  :     Part     I.     Archeologie    Pre1- 
hutorique,  l.ifr. 
Duchesne  ((;.),  La  Place  del'Etolie  et  PArc  deTriomphe, 

Bfr,     In  the  Bibliotheque  dii  vieiiv  Paris. 
Kraus(F.  X.),  Geachichte  der  christlichen  Kunsl  :  Vol.  II. 
1  *:i rt  11.   It.ilionisoho  Renaissance,  Section  II.,  19m. 
Poetry. 
Mussi  (F.  Cazzamini),  Cant  I  dell'  Adolescenza  (1904-7),  21. 

Music. 
Oalfocorewrl  (M.  D.),  Moussorgsky,  nfr.  50.    One  of  Les 
Metros  do  la  Muslque. 


l-.MI 


Til  E     ATI!  KNiEUM 


No.  4107,  Ai-kii.  1,  L908 


/■hiitikoiint/. 
Dr«-MT  (II.),  I>.r  Bagrifl  QeUt  in  <l«  r  .ltiil-.  Iirn  Philosophic 

%  ..<i  Kant  hla  II.  K- 1.  •"'»• 
■  II.),  Pnychologie dM emotlonalon  Denkam,  18m. 
ih  !-i  ii  and  Biography, 
Boaaid  (Vloomta  .!>•).  Fmngoia   Chaboti  Membra   da   la 

Convention,  17M  M,    fr. 
Dlehl  (CA  Figure*  bj  cantlnea.  Beriaa  II.,  Sfr.  00. 
i  \  ..  He  da  Jeanne  d' Arc,  Vol.  II.,  7fr.  r.o. 

i       .n.(i'.\  Le  Romantiame  francaia,  8fi 

i .  n  Haimon,  aeln  Leben.  aeina  Werke,  Bud  .-cm 
KinHuaa,  VoL  l.  LOm.    [araedfor  the  Geaallachaft  zur 
Pbrderana  der  wlaaenaohaft  daa  Judentuma, 
Boaael   I..  ,  Hemolreaet  Correapondance.  i-ii  7i,  :;fr.  BO, 
Stanb  iK.\  Graf  L  N.  Tolatola  Leben  n.  \Wrke,  4m.  so. 
stern  (B.),  Rns.iUchc  (irtiisunkcit  cinst  u.  jetzt,  Cm. 

Folklore. 

Kr.uiss  (K.  s.),  Slavlache  Volkforachongen,  lim. 

Science. 
Dnefiaj  (K.  I.),  Aapecto  mlnero  del   Departamento  del 

Cuzio.     Boletin  S3  del  Cuerpo  de  Ingcnieros  dc  .Minas 

del  Peni. 
Honold  (R.)  u.  Albreiht  (K.),  Franc is-Turbinen  :  Part  I. 

Theorie,  lOin. 
£flas(W.),  Die  grossen  Segelacblfle,  ilire  Entwickelung  u. 

Ziikunft,  6in. 
Ni>lke(F.),  Das  Problem  derKntwieklnng  unseres  Planeten- 

systeuis,  fun. 
Peters  (F.),  Thennoelemente  u.  Thermosaulen,  10m. 
Rnmuf  (T.),  Vorlesungen  lib.  soziale  Medicin,  8m. 
Walt  her  (J.),  QeacbJcEte  der  Erde  u.  des  Lebens,  14m. 

Fiction. 
Bovet  (M.  A.  de),  Veuvage  blanc,  3fr.  50. 
Castelli  (G.),  I  Conquistatori  di  Roma  dal  1870  al  19 

31.  50. 
Marabail  (P.),  Le  Secret  du  Sphinx,  3fr.  50. 
Tissot(K.),  Ce  qu'il  fallait  savoir,  3fr.  50. 
Viollis  (J.),  Monsieur  le  Principal,  3fr.  50. 

General  Literature. 
Aubert  (L.),  Americains  et  Japonais,  4fr. 
Avenel  (Vicomte  d'),    Aux  Etats-Unis :    les   Champs,    les 

Affaires,  les  Ideas,  Sfr.  50. 
•Coolidge  (A.  C),  Les  Etats-Unis  Puissance  mondiale,  4fr. 
"»*    All    Books   received    at    the    Office   up    to    Wednesday 

Horning  will  be  included  in  this  List  unless  previously 

noted.     Publishers  are  requested  to   state  prices  when 

sending  Books. 


lEitearg  (Bassip. 

Mr.  John  Lane  includes  in  the  April 
issue  of  The  Albany  Review  the  following 
articles :  '  On  Behalf  of  the  Education 
Bill,'  by  Prof.  J.  J.  Findlay ;  '  Mala- 
propism,'  by  Mrs.  A.  M.  W.  Stirling ; 
'  British  Aristocracy  and  the  House 
of  Lords,'  by  Mr.  Edward  Carpenter ; 
*  Nietzsche,'  by  Mr.  Desmond  MacCarthy  ; 
and  '  The  New  Spirit  in  India,'  by  Mr. 
H.  W.  Nevinson. 

The  Cambridge  University  Press 
vill  issue  immediately  the  Latin  text 
of  the  '  Confessions  of  Augustine  '  with 
English  notes.  The  editors  are  Dr.  John 
Gibb  and  Mr.  William  Montgomery.  With 
the  exception  of  a  few  Latin  notes  in  Dr. 
Pusey's  edition  of  1838,  this  is  the  first 
annotated  Latin  text  of  the  '  Confessions  ' 
to  be  published  in  England. 

Mr.  Elliot  Stock  announces  for  early 
publication  a  volume  by  Aunt  Naomi, 
entitled  •  Jewish  Fairy  Tales  and  Fables.' 
It  is  said  that  there  is  no  volume  in 
English  containing  the  fairy  tales  of  the 
Jews,  though  they  possess  a  rich 
treasure  of  allegory,  legend,  and  fable 
in  the  Talmud.  The  volume  will  be 
appropriately  illustrated,  in  order  that 
it  may  be  suitable  for  children  as  well  as 
students. 

Me.  Edward  Marston,  well  known 
as  w  The  Amateur  Angler,"  has  compiled 
a  sketch  of  the  lives  of  Bishop  Ken  and 
Izaak  Walton,  which  will  contain  much 
material  not  hitherto  brought  into  book 
form.  The  volume  will  be  illustrated 
with  about  twenty  full-page  pictures 
from  various  sources,  and  fifty  text  vig- 
nettes of  scenes  on  the  rivers  well  known 
to  Walton.      Besides   the  ordinary  issue, 


there  will   bo   an   edition  de  luxe,  with 
illustrations  mounted  on  India  paper. 

Mi:.  Alfred  Perceval  Graves's 
1  Father  O'Flynn  '  is  about  to  bo  pub- 
lished by  Messrs.  Burns  &  Oates  in 
separate  form,  together  with  a  Gaelic  and 
a  Latin  version,  a  facsimile  of  the  author's 
MS.,  his  portrait,  and  an  illustration  for 
each  verse  by  Mr.  Lindsay  Symington. 

Dr.  Habberton  Ltjlham,  whose 
'  Devices  and  Desires  '  is  in  its  third 
edition,  has  in  the  press  a  new  volume  of 
verse,  '  Songs  from  the  Downs  and 
Dunes.'  It  will  be  published  by  Messrs. 
Kegan  Paul. 

An  English  version  of  a  work  by  a 
Danish  police  inspector,  A.  Goll,  on 
'  Criminal  Types  in  Shakspeare,'  will 
shortly  be  published  by  Messrs.  Methuen. 

The  Vacation  Term  for  Biblical 
Study  by  women  will  be  held  at  Oxford 
this  summer,  from  July  25th  to  August 
15th.  The  course  of  study  is  on  broad 
lines,  and  lecturers  are  chosen,  not  as 
representing  any  particular  school  of 
thought,  but  as  experts  in  their  own 
subjects.  Somerville  College  will  be 
available  for  the  accommodation  of 
students.  Further  details  can  be  obtained 
by  sending  a  stamped  and  addressed 
envelope  to  Miss  Beatrice  Creighton, 
Secretary,  Hampton  Court  Palace. 

Dr.  D.  J.  Hlll,  the  new  American 
Ambassador  at  Berlin,  is  the  author  of 
'  A  History  of  Diplomacy  in  the  Inter- 
national Development  of  Europe,'  two 
volumes  of  which  have  been  already 
noticed  in  our  columns. 

The  third  volume  of  Mr.  Frederic 
Harrison's  collected  Essays  and  Addresses 
deals  with  '  National  and  Social  Problems,' 
and  will  be  published  shortly  by  Messrs. 
Macmillan.  Papers  are  included  on  the 
Franco-German  War,  Gambetta,  and  the 
making  of  Italy. 

Among  the  large  number  of  "  Pan- 
Anglican  Papers "  now  being  published 
in  view  of  their  consideration  at  the  Con- 
gress to  be  held  in  London  this  summer 
is  one  in  five  parts  (the  first  by  Sir  Charles 
Elliott,  K.C.S.I.),  on  'The  Relations  of 
Missions  with  Governments.'  The  third 
part  deals  with  a  subject  lately  referred  to 
by  The  Athenaeum,  and  is  from  the  pen 
of  the  Bishop  of  Madagascar.  The  title 
of  Bishop  King  as  given  in  the  table  of 
contents  is  modified  in  the  heading  of  liis 
paper  to  "  Bishop  in  Madagascar."  With 
all  politeness  to  the  French  Government, 
the  author  shows  that  the  enlightened 
Madagascar  policy  of  France  ended  in 
1905,  and  that  the  present  intention  is 
to  limit  the  educational  work  of  the 
Anglican  and  Protestant  missions. 

We  must  call  attention  to  the  appear- 
ance, in  the  1st  of  April  number  of  La 
Revue  de  Paris,  of  the  memoirs  of  the 
Duchesse  de  Dino  :  bitterly  brilliant,  to 
judge  from  the  first  part,  and  marked 
by  a  frankness  that  leaves  Madame  de 
Boigne  far  behind.  The  account  of 
Talleyrand's  niece  now  appearing  in  the 


(■liajit'i-  of  Madame  de  Boigne  published 
in  the 'March  number*  of  La  aenu  des 
Deux  Mnwl<s  may  have  been  the  signal 

to  the  granddaughter  of  the  Duchesse  d<- 
Sagan  to  i^sue,  with  an  introduction,  the 
Pnneeaae  de  Courlande's  account  of  her 
early  years  at  the  Courts  of  Berlin  and 
St.  Petersburg.  As  though  by  foresight, 
the  Comtesse  de  Perigord  (to  give  the 
author  one  of  the  six  names  which  at 
various  times  she  rightly  bore),  (raiting 
in  1822  of  the  events  of  1807,  anticipate! 
the  criticisms  of  Madame  de  Boigne 
by  the  introduction  of  allusions  to  ha 
life  in  Paris  under  the  Restoration.  She 
does  not  yet  touch  upon  her  career  a- 
hostess  at  the  famous  Rue  St.  Florentin 
house  of  Talleyrand,  and  we  are  left  in 
doubt  if  the  memoirs  were  continued  to  a 
sufficiently  late  date  to  cover  her  career 
in  London  during  Talleyrand's  Embassy  of 
1830. 

The  distinguished  journalist  Pascal 
David,  whose  death  at  the  age  of  fifty- 
seven  is  announced  from  Strasburg,  began 
his  career  as  a  post-office  official,  and 
in  this  capacity  was  attached  to  the 
German  Post  Office  at  Constantinople, 
where  he  wrote  a  series  of  valuable 
articles  on  Turkey  and  the  East  until 
his  removal  by  Bismarck.  On  his  return 
he  joined  the  Kblnische  Zeitung  ;  and  in 
1882,  when  the  Strassburger  Post  was 
founded,  was  appointed  its  editor. 

The  death  in  his  seventy-second  year 
is  announced  from  Berlin  of  the  well- 
known  Sanskrit  scholar  Prof.  Gustav 
Oppert.  He  was  born  at  Hambui  g, 
and  studied  at  Halle.  He  came  to  E 
land,  and,  while  acting  as  assistant  in 
the  Bodleian  Library,  catalogued  the 
collection  of  Hebrew  manuscripts.  On 
the  recommendation  of  Max  Miiller,  he 
became  sub-librarian  at  Windsor  Castle. 
and  occupied  this  position  till  1872,  when 
he  was  appointed  Professor  of  Sanskrit 
at  the  Madras  University.  He  filled  this 
post  till  1894,  when  he  returned  to 
Europe,  and  in  1895  became  Professor 
of  the  Non-Aryan  Tongues  of  India  at 
Berlin  University.  He  was  the  author  of  a 
number  of  works  on  philological  subject  >. 

The  death  is  announced  of  the  eminent 
Oriental  scholar  M.  Charles  AdrienCasimir 
Barbier  de  Meynard,  who  was  born  at 
Marseilles  on  March  6th,  1826.  Entering 
the  Consular  service,  he  was  for  some  time 
attached  to  the  French  Legation  in  Persia. 
He  was  successively  Professor  of  Turkish 
at  the  Ecole  speciale  des  Langues  orientates 
vivantes,  Professor  of  Persian  at  the  College 
de  France,  and  of  Arabic  at  the  same 
institution.  He  was  the  author  of  a  large 
number  of  books  on  Oriental  subjects, 
including  a  '  Dictionnaire  ture-francais.' 

Recent  Government  publications  of 
some  interest  are :  House  of  Lords 
Manuscripts,  1699-1702  (2s.  9d.)  ;  Glas- 
gow and  Edinburgh  Universities,  Regula- 
tions for  Degrees  in  Arts  (Id.  each)  ;  and 
also  one  paper  noted  by  us  under  Science 
Gossip. 

We  shall  pay  special  attention  next 
week  to  reading  suitable  for  the  Easter 
holidays — Guide-Books,  Short  Stories,  &c. 


No.  4197,  April  4,  1908 


THE    ATHENAEUM 


421 


SCIENCE 


MEDICAL  BOOKS. 

'  The  History  of  the  Study  of  Medicine  in 
the  British  Isles.  By  Norman  Moore. 
(Oxford,  Clarendon  Press.) — The  volumes 
on  '  English  Medicine  in  Anglo-Saxon  Times,' 
by  Dr.  J.  F.  Payne,  and  '  The  History  of 
the  Study  of  Medicine  in  the  British  Isles,' 
by  Dr.  Norman  Moore,  contain  the  two 
courses  of  lectures  delivered  before  the 
Royal  College  of  Physicians  of  London  to 
commemorate  Dr.  Thomas  Fitzpatrick,  an 
Irishman  and  a  physician.  The  object  of 
the  endowment  has  been  adequately  main- 
tained, for  it  has  led  two  of  the  most  learned 
physicians  in  London  to  condense  some  of 
their  knowledge  and  to  crystallize  it  in 
print.  The  lectures  show  how  much  is 
still  to  be  done  before  any  adequate  history 
of  medicine  in  the  British  Isles  can  be 
written.  Dr.  Moore's  volume  is  rather 
episodic  and  biographical  than  historical 
in  any  broad  sense  ;  but  what  he  writes  is 
of  extreme  interest,  and  may  well  form  a 
basis  for  further  work,  since  he  has  gone  to 
original  sources  for  the  facts. 

Dr.  Moore  devotes  his  first  lecture  to 
a  consideration  of  the  earliest  London 
physicians,  and  shows  that  they  were 
learned  men  who  held  positions  of  dignity 
and  trust,  although  they  were  sometimes 
laymen,  at  a  time  when  knowledge  is 
usually  said  to  have  been  confined  to  the 
clergy.  A  detailed  account  of  John  of 
Mirfeld,  who  wrote  the  '  Breviarium  Bar- 
tholomew' a  treatise  of  medicine,  affords  an 
opportunity  to  show  the  nature  and  extent 
of  the  studies  of  an  English  physician  in 
the  fourteenth  century. 

The  second  lecture  deals  with  the  educa- 
tion of  physicians  in  London  in  the  seven- 
teenth century.  Edward  Browne,  the  eldest 
son  of  Sir  Thomas  Browne,  is  taken  as  an 
example  of  the  training  received  by  a  well- 
educated  physician  in  easy  circumstances. 
No  reference  is  made  to  the  reverse  of  the 
picture — the  training  of  a  physician  for 
whom  the  paths  to  knowledge  were  not 
made  smooth,  who  had  been  educated  by 
private  or  collegiate  benevolence,  and  had 
fought  his  way  to  a  position  of  eminence 
by  teaching  and  lecturing. 

The  third  and  fourth  lectures  supply  a 
history  of  the  study  of  clinical  medicine 
in  the  British  Islands.  They  are  the  most 
valuable  and  the  most  original  part  of  Dr. 
Moore's  work,  for  the  subject  has  hitherto 
gone  unnoticed,  although  bedside  teaching 
has  long  since  reached  a  high  standard  in 
London,  Edinburgh,  and  Dublin.  Dr. 
Moore's  intimate  acquaintance  with  Irish 
literature  has  enabled  him  to  furnish  a 
first-hand  account  of  tho  progress  of  medi- 
cine in  Ireland,  where  tho  pursuit  of  medicine, 
and  especially  of  note-taking,  was  some- 
times conducted  under  extreme  difficulties. 
John  Beton's  clinical  clerk  writes  in  an 
Irish  manuscript  dated  1563  : — 

"There  it  is  from  me  to  thee,  oh  John  !  and  as 
I  think  indeed  it  is  not  too  good,  and  no  wonder 
that,  for  I  am  ever  on  the  move,  Hying  before  certain 
English  up  and  down  Null's  wood,  and  in  that 
very  wood  I  have  written  a  part  of  it  and  pre- 
pared the  skin." 

Dr.  Moore  mentions  incidentally  tho  enor- 
mous mass  of  material  for  a  history  of 
English  medicine  which  oxists  at  tho  British 
Museum  in  tho  Sloano  MSS.,  which  form  a 
mino  open  to  any  ono  who  lias  tho  time  and 
ability  to  exploit  its  riches. 

The  volume  ends  with  several  appendixes  : 
the  first,  of  charters  witnessed  by  Qrimbald, 
the  personal    physician   of   Henry   I.  ;     tho 


second,  of  charters  witnessed  by  John  of 
London  at  the  end  of  the  twelfth  century  ; 
the  third,  Sir  Theodore  Mayerne's  notes  on 
the  health  of  King  James  I.  in  1623,  and 
on  the  health  of  Queen  Henrietta  Maria  in 
1641  ;  whilst  the  last  deals  with  Harvey's 
notes  on  Galen.  There  is  an  excellent 
index  ;  and  the  illustrative  plates  are 
facsimiles  of  charters  and  MSS. 

Diseases  of  Occupation.  By  Thomas 
Oliver.  (Methuen  &  Co.)— Prof.  Thomas 
Oliver  writes  with  authority  upon  the  subject 
of  diseases  due  to  occupation.  Six  years 
ago  he  edited  a  valuable  work  upon  danger- 
ous trades.  He  was  a  member  of  the  White 
Lead  Commission,  and  was  the  medical 
expert  appointed  by  the  Home  Office  to 
conduct  special  inquiries  concerning  lucifer 
matches  and  at  the  Potteries.  He  has 
further  qualified  himself  for  the  task  of 
writing  upon  diseases  of  occupation  by 
gaining  information  on  the  spot  about  those 
which  are  fortunately  seen  more  frequently 
abroad  than  in  tins  country.  The  present 
volume,  which  is  issued  in  Dr.  Saleeby's 
"  New  Library  of  Medicine,"  embodies  the 
latest  results  of  Prof.  Oliver's  work.  It  is 
comprehensive,  and  written  in  such  simple 
language,  free  from  unnecessary  techni- 
calities, as  should  render  it  useful  to  those 
who  desire  to  obtain  a  sound  knowledge  of 
preventible  disease. 

The  subject  is  introduced  by  a  short 
account  of  the  rise  and  progress  of  the 
factory  system,  which  is  followed  by  an 
interesting  chapter  dealing  with  the  physio- 
logy of  the  causes  contributing  to  indus- 
trial diseases  and  accidents.  Prof.  Oliver 
here  advances  the  disquieting  theory  that 
some  cases  of  pulmonary  phthisis  are  due 
to  direct  injury  to  the  lung,  and  follow  after 
accidents  to  the  chest  in  the  same  way  that 
tuberculous  disease  of  the  joints  has  long 
been  known  to  originate  in  injury. 
Chronic  lead-poisoning,  to  which  his  atten- 
tion was  drawn  by  the  numerous  cases  arising 
in  the  manufacture  of  white  lead  at  Newcastle, 
is  considered  very  fully  ;  and  the  various 
diseases  to  which  miners  are  subject  are 
dealt  with  in  a  manner  which  might  be 
expected  from  one  who  is  practising  in  New- 
castle. He  deals  also  with  some  of  the  newest 
forms  of  disease  which  occur  in  electric 
trades.  The  chapter  on  '  Rescue  Work  in 
Mines '  has  a  special  importance  in  view  of 
recent  occurrences  in  the  county  of  Durham 
and  the  neighbourhood  of  Birmingham. 
The  general  public,  if  led  to  turn  over  the 
pages  of  this  interesting  volume,  will  be 
struck  by  the  extraordinary  power  exercised 
by  phosphorus  poison  on  human  teeth. 
The  experiments  in  weight  quoted  by  Dr. 
Olivor  from  his  friend  and  colleague  Prof. 
Thorpe,  of  the  Government  laboratory,  aro 
startling  in  the  figures  given  of  the  dwindling 
of  weighed  human  teeth  in  tho  fumes  of  a 
well-ventilated  match-dipping  house. 

In  every  case  the  information  supplied  is 
ample,  and  tho  best-known  methods  for 
abolishing  or  lessoning  tho  evils  attendant 
on  each  occupation  aro  given  with  com- 
mendable brevity.  Several  statements  and 
facts  are  repeated  at  short  intervals  in  almost 
identical  words — a  blemish  which  can  be 
easily  romoved  in  tho  next  edition  of  what 
must  prove  a  highly  useful  book  of  refer- 
ence.    There  is  an  oxcellont  index. 

The  Bacteriology  of  Diphtheria.  By  F. 
Loeffler  and  Others.  Edited  by  G.  H.  F. 
Nuttall  and  G.  S.  Graham-  Smith.  (Cam- 
bridge, University  Press.) — Tho  short  title 
of  tliis  book  is  soinowliat.  misleading,  for  it 
is  in  reality  a  complete  monograph  upon 
diphtherial  written  by  those  who  nro  able 
to  speak  with  the  greatest  authority  upon 
tho    subjects    with    Which    they    have    been 


entrusted  by  the  editors.  Prof.  Loeffler, 
who  discovered  the  bacillus  of  diphtheria  in 
1882,  writes  upon  the  history  of  the  disease  ; 
Dr.  Arthur  Newsholme,  the  newly  appointed 
Medical  Officer  of  the  Local  Government 
Board,  discusses  the  epidemiology,  and  Dr. 
Mallory  of  Harvard  the  pathology,  of 
diphtheria  ;  Dr.  Graham- Smith  contributes 
ten  chapters  out  of  nineteen  ;  Dr.  Dean,  of 
the  Lister  Institute,  deals  with  the  toxins 
and  antitoxins  ;  whilst  Dr.  W.  H.  Park 
and  Dr.  Bolduan,  both  of  New  York,  writo 
on  the  mortality  of  diphtheria  and  of  serum 
sickness.  The  mere  enumeration  of  tho 
writers  is  a  sufficient  guarantee  of  the 
excellence  of  the  work,  and  of  the  authority 
which  it  carries  ;  whilst  the  articles  aro 
written  in  clear  and  good  English,  free,  for 
the  most  part,  from  the  technical  terms  which 
make  many  treatises  on  bacteriology  diffi- 
cult and  unprofitable  to  read.  The  articles 
are  well  harmonized,  and  the  teaching  in 
regard  to  difficult  and  debatable  points  is 
marked  by  moderation  and  common  sense. 
Thus,  in  the  discussion  of  the  proper  course 
to  be  adopted  when  patients  still  have 
diphtheria  bacilli  in  their  throats,  yet  have 
long  recovered  from  the  disease,  it  is  said 
that  although 

"most  satisfactory  results  have  been  obtained 
by  isolating  the  infected  persons  until  the  dis- 
appearance of  morphologically  typical  diphtheria 

bacilli yet the     actual     procedure     to    be 

adopted  must  of  necessity  depend  on  the  circum- 
stances in  each  instance.  If  the  patient's  em- 
ployment brings  him  into  close  contact  with 
schoolchildren  or  persons  of  susceptible  age,  it  is 
clearly  necessary  to  use  every  means  to  convince 
him  of  the  necessity  for  keeping  away  from  his 
work  until  diphtheria  bacilli  can  be  no  longer 
found.  If,  on  the  other  hand,  his  employment  is 
such  that  the  probability  of  his  spreading  the 
disease  is  slight,  it  may  be  a  mistaken  policy  to 
insist  too  much  on  his  continued  isolation,  for  by 
this  action  general  objections  may  be  aroused  to 
the  procedure  in  cases  in  which  isolation  is  more 
necessary." 

There  are  several  points  of  interest  in  the 
book  which  might  well  be  followed  in  future 
volumes  of  a  similar  nature.  Short*  bio- 
graphical notes  with  portraits  are  given  of 
Bretonneau,  who  distinguished  diphtheria 
as  a  specific  affection  and  gave  the  disease 
its  name  ;  of  Loeffler  ;  of  Von  Behring, 
who  discovered  the  specific  remedj"  —  an 
antitoxin  ;  and  of  Roux,  the  fellow-worker 
with  Pasteur  and  Metchnikoff  at  the  In- 
stitut  Pasteur,  who  applied  the  remedy  to 
the  cure  of  diphtheria  in  man. 

Dr.  Graham- Smith  adds  an  excellent 
summary  to  each  of  the  chapters  ho  has 
written  ;  and  there  is  a  full  bibliography 
(with  a  misprint  in  the  first  reference)  and 
an  excellent  index.  It  is  stated  that 
"  the  Sj'ndics  of  the  University  Press  at  Cam- 
bridge contemplate  the  publication  oi  similar 
volumes  dealing  with  the  chief  infective  diseases, 
if  this  work  meets  with  the  approval  of  those  for 
whom  it  is  intended." 

The  other  volumes  should  bo  begun  imme- 
diately, for  the  succoss  of  the  present  ono 
appears  to  be  certain. 

Functional  Nerve  Diseases.  By  A.  T. 
Schofield.  (Methuen  &  Co. ) — This  is  another 
volume  of  Dr.  Saleeby's  "  New  Library  of 
Medicine."  Functional  nerve  diseases  aro 
defined  by  Dr.  Schofield  to  bo  those*  diseases 
of  the  nervous  system  which  occur  without 
any  ascertained  organic  basis.  Hysteria, 
known  to  our  forefathers  as  "  the  vapours," 
and  neurasthenia,  first  described  by  Bouchut 

in  1857,  aro  the  tvvo  best -known  forms,  but 
Dr.  Schofield  also  includes  migraine,  chorea, 
tics,    tetanus,    vertigo,    and    exophthalmic 

goitre,  though  lie  allows  that  some  of  thoso 
conditions  are  of  definite  organic  origin.  He 
has  a  chapter  upon  'Nerves  ui  Childhood' 
ihkI  another  on  '  Quackery.' 


122 


THE    ATHENAEUM 


Tho  book  throws  an  interesting  light  "i""1 
the   modem    treefimenl    of    these   dieee 

which  ere  the  direol  products  oJ  civilization, 
whilst  it  expleins  mum  <>f  the  suoosss  gained 
by  the  various  systems,  soienees,  and  euros 

which  aro  in  voguo  at  the  present  time. 
Tho  cure  of  hysteria  and  nourasthonia  is 
brought  about  rathor  by  tho  personality  of 
tho  physician  than  his  prescriptions,  and 
!  >r.  Schoflold  states  that  in  such  casos  "  a 
constant  interchange  of  psychic  force  and 
intelligence  is  going  on  between  a  norve 
patient  and  a  physician  who  is  en  rapport 
with  him,  of  which  neither  is  probably 
aware."  The  general  effect  conveyed  by 
the  book  is  unpleasant,  for  it  shows  how 
easily  the  treatment  recommended  might 
degenerate  into  quackery  and  mysticism, 
should  it  be  undertaken  by  thoso  who  are 
not  men  of  the  highest  honour.  The  author's 
style  is  often  slovenly,  and  ho  has  not  always 
verified  his  references. 


paper,   '  Ths  Holotharisna  of  tho  Sudanese  Red 

S    i,     by    Mr.    E.    Hindle,    communicated    by  tho 
President,  was  read  in  title. 


SOCIETIES. 


Anthropological  Ixstiti-te.  —  March  24.  — 
Prof.  W.  Ridgeway,  President,  in  the  chair. — The 
election  was  announced  of  the  Abbe  Breuil  and  the 
Rev.  Dr.  Oesterley  as  ordinary  Fellows. — Dr.  W.  L. 
Hildburgh  read  a  paper,  illustrated  by  lantern- 
slides  and  an  exhibition  of  specimens,  on  '  Sinha- 
lese Magic.'  The  paper  dealt  with  a  variety  of 
subjects,  including  ceremonies  for  charming,  astro- 
logy, and  devil  dancing.  The  charms  Mere  of 
various  kinds — protective,  for  instance,  to  keep  off 
evil  spirits,  or  to  guard  the  house,  in  which  cate- 
gory amulets  were  included  ;  love  charms  ;  charms 
to  secure  the  favour  of  any  one — for  example,  a 
judge ;  and  the  like.  A  number  of  horoscopes 
were  exhibited.  These  almost  invariably  take  the 
form  of  a  roll,  as  it  is  considered  necessary  to  write 
each  on  a  single  leaf,  which  is  best  preserved  in  the 
roll  form.  The  language  in  which  horoscopes  are 
written  can  be  read  by  the  initiated  only,  and  con- 
sequently they  are  often  translated,  and  the  trans- 
lations may  be  written  in  ordinary  books  without 
prejudicing  the  results.  On  the  subject  of  devil 
dancing  Dr.  Hildburgh  exhibited  a  number  of 
slides  showing  the  different  devils  represented,  and 
also  a  collection  of  the  masks  and  costumes  worn. 
Some  of  the  devils  are  those  who  actually  afflict 
the  patient ;  others  are  powerful  devils  by  whom 
the  afflicting  devils  are  controlled  ;  while  others 
again  are  devils  who  are  afflicted  as  the  patient  is 
afflicted. 

Linnean. — March  19. — Mr.  H.  W.  Monckton, 
Treasurer  and  V.P.,  in  the  chair. — Mr.  H.  H. 
Haines  was  admitted  a  Fellow. — Mr.  H.  H.  C.  J. 
Druce,  Mr.  W.  T.  Haydon,  and  Mr.  J.  H.  Milton 
were  elected  Fellows. — The  following  exhibitions 
were  made  by  permission  of  the  Director,  Royal 
Botanic  Gardens,  Kew:  (1)  Mr.  W.  Botting  Hems- 
ley  sent  for  exhibition  a  second  specimen  of  Pla- 
tanthera  chlorantha  with  three  spurs,  which  was 
described  in  his  absence  by  Mr.  C.  H.  Wright. 
Dr.  A.  B.  Rendle  offered  a  few  remarks  on  this 
exhibition. — (2)  Mr.  T.  A.  Sprague  showed  female 
flowers  and  fruits  of  Sterculia  alexandri,  Harv.,  an 
extremely  rare  tree  from  Uitenhage,  the  only 
locality  known  for  it.  Discussion  was  carried  on 
by  Mr.  A.  P.  Young,  Mr.  J.  R.  Drummond,  and 
Mr.  E.  M.  Holmes.— (3)  Mr.  C.  H.  Wright  showed 
specimens  of  (a)  Spharothylax  algiformis,  Bisch., 
a  rare  South  African  Podostemaceous  plant ;  also 
(b)  Archangiopteris  he.nryi,  Christ  &  Gilsenh.,  a 
Chinese  genus  of  Marattiacese.  The  discussion  on 
these  exhibitions  was  engaged  in  by  Dr.  A.  B. 
Rendle,  Mr.  J.  C.  Shenstone,  and  Dr.  D.  H.  Scott. 
— The  first  paper,  on  '  The  Podostomata  ( =  Pycno- 

gonida)  of  the  Temperate  Atlantic  and  Arctic 
•ceans,'  was  read  by  Canon  A.  M.  Norman.  The 
Rev.  T.  R.  R.  Stebbing  and  Dr.  W.  T.  Caiman 
added  some  observations. — The  second  paper  was 
by  Mr.  A.  0.  Walker,  entitled  '  Amphipoda  Gam- 
maridea  from  the  Indian  Ocean.  British  East 
Africa,  and  the  Red  Sea.'  The  Rev.  T.  R.  R. 
Stebbing,  Canon  Norman,  and  Dr.  Caiman  spoke. 
— The  third  paper,  by  Mr.  T.  F.  Chipp,  was  com- 
municated by  Mr.  W.  B.  Hemsley,  and  entitled 
'  A  Revision  of  the  Genus  Codonopsis.' — The  last 


Zoological.—  March  17.— Dr.  H.  Woodward, 
V.P.,  in  the  chair.— The  Secretary  read  a  report  on 
tho  additions  to  the  menagerie  during  February. — 
Mr.  G.  A.  Boulenger  exhit.ib  (1  ,t  resasriksblj  mal- 
formed plaice  (1'leuronecttH  plattsna)  from  the 
London  market,  which  had  been  given  him  by  the 
Secretary  of  the  Fishmongers'  Company. — Dr. 
Walter  Kidd  read  a  paper  on  '  Some  Observations 
on  the  Effects  of  Pressure  upon  the  Direction  of 
Hair  in  Mammals.' — A  paper  was  read  by  Messrs. 
Oldfield  Thomas  and  R.  C.  Wroughton  on  *  Mam- 
mals obtained  by  Mr.  C.  H.  B.  Grant  in  the 
Gorongoza  Mountains,  Portuguese  South  -  East 
Africa,'  being  the  ninth  of  the  series  of  papers  on 
the  mammals  of  the  Rudd  Exploration  of  South 
Africa. — Mr.  R.  I.  Pocock  read  a  paper  entitled 
'  Notes  upon  some  Species  and  Geographical  Races 
of  Serows  (Capricornis)  and  Gorals  (Njemorhedus), 
based  upon  Specimens  exhibited  in  the  Society's 
Gardens.' 

Entomological.— March  18.— Mr.  C.  0.  Water- 
house,  President,  in  the  chair.— Mr.  E.  G.  Bayford, 
Mr.  E.  L.  Clark,  Mr.  G.  W.  Jeffrey,  Mr.  G.  W. 
Lawn,  and  Mr.  D.  Langsdon  were  elected  Fellows. 
— Dr.  T.  A.  Chapman  exhibited  photographs  of  the 
empty  egg-shells    and    young    larvre    of    Papilio 
homtrua. — Mr.  C.  J.  Gahan  brought  for  exhibition 
a   larva  of   the  genus    Trictenoma.       This    larva 
belonged  undoubtedly  to  the  Heteromera,  and  bore 
most  resemblance  to  the  larvae  of  Pyrochroidfe  and 
Pythidae.     He  also   showed  a   larva  of  Dascilhts 
cervinus   from    Ireland   which   had   been   received 
at     the    South    Kensington    Museum,    a    species 
little     known     in     this    stage.  —The    President 
exhibited    a    photograph    drawing    of    the   larvte 
of  Coniopteryx,  a   neuropteron   common    enough 
in  its  perfect  state,  but  rarely  found  as  a  larva, 
though   it   may    be    beaten    out    of    fir    trees. — 
Mr.  W.  J.    Kaye    brought    for  exhibition   three 
Pereute  species  from  the  Chanchamayo  district  of 
Peru,  viz.,  P.   leucodrosime,  P.  callinice,  and  P. 
callinira,  together  with  specimens  of  the  Nympha- 
line  Adelpha  lara.     He  called  attention  to  the  fact 
that    these    Pierines    and    Nymphaline    occurred 
together  at  an  elevation  of  from  2,500  to  3,000  ft. 
It    was  wrong    to   suppose   that    any   Heliconius 
melpomene-Wke  species  entered  the  association,  as 
Heliconius  species  of  this  pattern  did  not  ascend  to 
such  an  elevation,  or  if  they  ever  did,  it  was  only  as 
a  rare  exception. — Mr.  L  W.  Newman  exhibited  a 
long   and  varied  series  of  Smcrinthus  populi  bred 
from  wild  Bexley  parents  in  June,  1907,  the  series 
ranging  from  extreme  dark  specimens  (about  six 
per  cent)  to  very  light  (about  ten  per  cent)  and 
pink  shaded  or  tinged  (about  twenty  per  cent),  the 
remainder  being  intermediate  forms. — Mr.  J.  W. 
Tutt  asked  for  information  relative  to  a  suggested 
distinction  of  species  in  Everes  argiades,  Pall.     He 
said   that   the  question   had  been   raised    by   M. 
Oberthiir  whether  we  have  under  ab.  coretas,  o. ,  and 
argiades   two  distinct  species.     A  discussion  fol- 
lowed, in  which  tho  Rev.  G.  Wheeler,  Dr.  T.  A. 
Chapman,    Mr.    H.    Rowland  -  Brown,    and   other 
Fellows  took  part. — Mr.  C.  J.  Gahan  communicated 
a  paper  '  On  the  Larvre  of  Tricttnotoma  childrevi, 
Gray,  and  Melittomma  insulare,  Fairmaire.' 


No.  4197,  April  4,  1908 

cotyledons  till  next  year.  He  regarded  the  ml  . 
from  tin-  [x.int  of  view  of  the  dispersal  of  the  seeds 
and  fruits  by  various  ag<  Dflies.  viz.,  heeds  or  fruits 
with  wings,  which  are  carried  by  the  wind  ;  seeds 
or  fruits  with  feathery  appendages,  carried  by 
wind,  sod  sometimes  by  water;  seeds  in  capsules 
that  open  at  the  top,  the  heeds  rxMiitf  jerked  out 
by  the  wind  ;  seeds  or  fruits  with  h^oks,  which  are 
carried  by  animals  ;  fruits  which  are  eaten,  and 
the  seeds  thus  carried  by  animals  ;  seeds  which 
are  thrown  by  the  plants,  and  those  which  are 
sown  by  the  plants  themselves. 


Microscopical.  —  March  18.  —  Lord  Avebury, 
President,  in  the  chair. — Mr.  J.  C.  Smith  exhibited 
and  described  his  micrometer  calliper  gauges  with 
direct  reading.  They  were  of  different  sizes  and 
patterns,  but  he  particularly  referred  to  a  small  one 
suitable  for  such  purposes  as  measuring  the  thick- 
ness of  cover  glasses.  An  important  feature  was 
the  facility  with  which  the  thickness  could  be  rend 
off  in  figures  to  three  places  of  decimals. — Mr. 
C.  F.  Rousselet  gave  an  account  of  a  series  of 
fourteen  mounted  specimens  of  the  rarer  species  of 
freshwater  Polyzoa  which  he  exhibited  under 
microscopes.  They  were  mostly  species  from  Lake 
Tanganyika,  Rhodesia,  Northern  India,  America, 
and  Japan,  were  beautiful  and  interesting,  and 
exceedingly  well  mounted,  with  tentacles  expanded. 
— The  President  then  delivered  his  annual  address, 
treating  of  seeds,  with  special  reference  to  British 
plants.  He  confined  his  attention  on  this  occasion 
to  those  of  the  Dicotyledons,  deferring  the  con- 
sideration  of   those   of    the  Conifers  and   Mono- 


Institution  of  Civil  Engineers.—  March24.— 
Sir  William  Matthews,  President,  in  the  chair.— 
The  papers  read  were  'The  Curzon  Bridge  at  Alla- 
habad,' by  Mr.  R.  R.  Gales,  and  'The  Netravati 
Bridge  at  Mangalore,'  by  Mr.  A.  S.  Napier. 


British  Numismatic—  March25. — Mr.  Carlyon- 
Britton,    President,    in    the   chair.— Miss    Helen 
Farquhar  contributed  a  comprehensive  and  inte- 
resting treatise,  from  both  the  historical  and  the 
numismatic  points  of  view,  on  'Artistic  Portraiture 
of  our  Tudor  Monarchs  on  their  Coins  and  Medals.' 
By   means  of  contemporary  descriptions  of    the 
personal  appearance  of  the  several  monarchs,  and 
photographic  reproduotions  of  portraits  and  medals 
preserved   in  the  national  and   some  well-known 
private  collections,  Miss  Farquhar  demonstrated 
how   close   is    the    relationship    between   certain 
portraits  of  the  Tudors  painted  by  the  artists  of 
the  period  and  the  representations  of  them  on  their 
coins  and  medals.     Miss  Farquhar's  method  was 
applied  with  particular  success  in  the  case  of  the 
coins  issued  by  Henry  VIII.  in  1526.     On  these 
coins  the  King's  head  is  presented  in  profile,  and 
he  is  shown  as  clean-shaven,  which  was  not  his 
custom.     Miss  Farquhar  gave  reasons  for  thinking 
that  he  really  had  discarded  his  beard  for  a  short 
time  at  about  that  date.     Similarly,  she  was  able 
to  adduce  evidence  for  the  belief  that  the  beautiful 
medal    of     Elizabeth,     '  Medallic     Illustrations,' 
No.  129,  was  the  work  of  Nicholas  Hilliard,  the 
miniaturist,  goldsmith,  and  carver  to  the  Queen.  ? 
Exhibits  :— By  Lieut. -Col.  Morrieson.a  series  of 
shillings,  groats,  and  half-groats  of  Henry  VII., 
Henry    VIII.,    and    Mary,    and    silver    coins    of 
Elizabeth.     By  Mr.  Max  Rosenheim,  a  bronze-gilt 
medal  of  Queen  Mary,  by  Jacopo  Nizolo  da  Trezzo, 
having  fidei  defensatrix  added  to  the  regal  style  ; 
a  leaden  medal  of  Mary  and  Philip,  by  the  same  ; 
a  bronze  gilt  medal  by  Giovanni  Cavino,  of  Padua, 
struck  by  command  of  Pope  Julius  III.  to  com- 
memorate the  marriage  of  Philip  and  Mary,  and 
bearing  the  words  anglia  resurgens  on  the  re- 
verse ;  a  bronze  medal  of  Henry  VIII.  of  uniface, 
by  a  Dutch    or  German   artist;  a  bronze  medal, 
likewise  unifacial,    of  Sir  John    Cheke  (ioaxnes 
checvs),  the  tutor  of  Prince  Edward,  designed  by 
a   medallist  of  Padua,  where  Cheke  lectured  in 
1555  ;  a  miniature  on  vellum  and  a  cameo  in  onyx 
of  Elizabeth  ;  and  a  case  of  mathematical  instru- 
ments made  by  Bartholomew  New  sum,  the  Queen's 
clockmaker,  perhaps  for  the  Queen's  own  use.     By 
Mr.  S.  M.  Spink,  six  testoons  of  Henry  VIII.  and 
Edward  VI.,  two  of  which  were  severally  counter- 
marked  in  Queen  Elizabeth's  reign  with  a  grey- 
hound and  a  portcullis,  in  order  that  they  might 
serve  for  2\d.  and  4J<7.  respectively  ;  shillings  of 
Edward  VI.,  Philip  and  Mary,  and  Elizabeth,  one 
of  the   latter  queen's  being   milled  and  of  small 
type ;  and  a  pattern  shilling  and  a  pattern  sixpence 
of   Elizabeth,  with  a  key  and  a  mullet  as  mint- 
marks  respectively. 


meetings  next  week. 


Mon. 


Tom 


Royal  Institution.  5.— General  Monthly. 

Surveyors   Institution.  7— .Junior  Meeting. 

Society  of  Engineers.  7.30  — '  The  Destruction  of  Arch  linages, 

Mr.  H.  U.  Duucan  Scott.  .  _ 

Aristotelian,  B.— '  Impressions  snd  Mess.'  Mr.  H.  w  ildonCarT. 
Sociological.  B .— '  Recent  Phases  of  Race  Contact  in  the  United 

States.'  Prof.  Graham  Brooks. 
Roval    Institution.  :i.— 'The  Egyptian    Sudan:   its   History, 

Monuments,  and  Peoples,  Past  and  Present.'  Lecture  IIL, 

Dr.  E.  A.  Wallis  Budge.  ..__..  .   .   •  .     , 

—  Society  of  Art*.  *'■ 30.— 'The  Imnen.il  ProMem  of  Asiatic  Inv 

migration,'  Mr.  Richard  .lehb.    (Colonial  Section! 

—  Colonial  Institute.  8.— "The  All  Red  Route  '  Loid  Strathcona. 

—  Institution  of  Civil  Engineers.  8.  —  'The  Xing  Edward  >  II. 

Bridge,  Newca»tle-on-Tyue.'  Messrs.  F.  w.  Davis  and 
C.  R.  8.  Kirkpatrick.  ,  .  

—  Zoological.  8.S0.— "A   Monograph  of  the  Chiropteran  Genera 

Uroderma,  Enrhitthtue*.  and  Arttbevr.' Vr.  Knud  Andersen  ; 
"On  Certain  Points  in  the  Strut  ture  ot  the  Cervical  \ertehra 
of  the  Okapi  and  the  Giraffe.  Sir  Bay  Lankester  ;  'Some 
Australian  Spiders,'  Mr.  H.  R.  Hogg.  .      , 

Wed.     Society  of  Arts,  8.—' Technical  Education  in  America,    Sir 
W    II   Preore 

—  English  Goethe  Society,  8.15.-'  Ftiti  Rcuter.'  Mr.  E.  F.  Man 


No.  4197,  April  4,  1908 


THE    ATHENAEUM 


423 


Thcrs.  Royal  Institution,  3.—'  The  Animals  of  South  America,  Mr 
B.  Lydekker. 

—  Institution    of    Electrical    Enciueers,     8.—'  Electric-Supply 

Prospects  and  Charges  as  affected  by  Metallic-Filament 
lamps  and  Electric  Heating,'  Messrs.  H.  W.  Handcock  and 
A.  H.  Dykes. 

—  Society  of  Antiquaries,   8.30.— 'The  Castle  of   Ludlow,    Mr. 

W.  ft.  St.  John  Hope. 
Km.       Astronomical.  S. 

—  Institution  of  Mechanical  Engineers.  8.—'  The  Governing  and 

the  Regularity  of  Gas-Engines,"  Mr.  J.  Atkinson  :  '  The 
Effect  of  Mixture  Strength  and  Scavenging  upon  Thermal 
Efficiency,'  Prof.  B.  Hopkinson. 

—  Physical,  8.— 'An  Experimental  Investigation  of  the  Nature 

of  Gamma  Rays,"  Prof.  W.  H.  Bragg  and  Mr.  Madsen  ;  '  Ex- 
periments on  Artificial  Fulgurites,'  Miss  D.  D.  Butcher  ; 
'  ShortSpark  Phenomena,'  Mr.  W.  Duddell. 

—  Royal  Institution.  9.— 'The  Carriers  of  Positive  Electricity,' 

Prof.  J.  J.  Thomion. 
Sit.      Royal  Institution,  8,— 'Electric  Discharges   through  Gases, 
Lecture  VI..  Prof,  J.  J,  Thomson. 


%rientt  (Gossip. 

The  Report  of  the  Advisory  Committee 
for  the  Tropical  Diseases  Research  Fund, 
for  1907  (1*.  llri.),  has  been  issued  as  a 
Parliamentary  Paper. 

After  something  like  a  deadlock,  arrange- 
ments for  the  opening  of  the  Indian  Institute 
of  Science  at  Bangalore,  which  originated 
in  the  munificent  proposals  of  the  late  Mr. 
Jamsetjee  Tata,  are  once  more  in  progress. 
The  Viceroy  as  Patron  has  nominated  a 
committee  which  is  to  consider  the  arrange- 
ments and  plans  for  the  Institute.  One  of 
Mr.  Tata's  sons,  and  Mr.  B.  J.  Padshah, 
who  assisted  that  gentleman  in  the  elabora- 
tion of  his  scheme,  are  members,  in  addition 
to  the  Dewan  of  Mysore,  so  that  the  Indian 
aspect  of  the  undertaking  is  not  likely  to  be 
overlooked. 

Mr.  J.  M.  Harg  has  recently  obtained,  at 
Lisburn,  Ireland,  observations  of  markings  on 
Venus,  from  a  comparison  of  which  he  thinks 
it  probable  that  the  duration  of  the  rotation 
of  the  planet  does  not  exceed  23h.  28m. 
This  is  not  much  longer  than  that  first  found 
by  Cassini,  and  is  still  nearer  the  value 
determined  by  Schroter  ;  but  the  true 
time  is  still  a  vexed  question.  If  the  shorter 
value  be  the  true  one,  Venus  resembles  the 
earth  in  many  ways,  her  size,  density,  and 
duration  of  axial  rotation  being  all  very 
little  smaller  than  those  of  our  planet. 

Dr.  J.  Paxjsa  of  Vienna  communicates 
to  the  same  number  the  results  of  visual 
observations  which  he  has  obtained  of  some 
of  the  most  recently  discovered  small  planets. 

Prof.  Bohlin,  Director  of  the  Stockholm 
Observatory,  publishes  in  No.  4240  of  the 
Astronomische  Nachrichten  the  results  of 
some  interesting  investigations  of  stellar 
parallax.  That  of  61  Cygni  amounts  to 
0"-363,  differing  but  little  from  the  value 
determined  by  Bessel  in  1840.  The  eighth- 
magnitude  star  in  the  constellation  Gemini 
which  is  numbered  14,512  in  Lalande's 
catalogue  and  a  nebulous  star  near  it  both 
gave  a  slight  negative  result,  indicating 
a  parallax  too  small  to  be  measurable, 
whilst  suggesting  a  small  correction  to  the 
relative  constant  of  aberration;  and  the 
star  in  Ursa  Major  numbered  in  Lalande 
181,115,  which  is  double,  the  united  magni- 
tude being  about  7  5,  yielded  a  mean  parallax 
slightly  oxceeding  0"-l. 


FINE    ARTS 


OUR    LIBRARY    TABLE. 

Two  hundred  COPIES  have  been  printed 
by  Mr.  Quaritch  of  Byzantine  Ceramic 
Art,  by  Mr.  Henry  Wallis,  which  consists 
of  notes  on  examples  of  Byzantine  pottery 
recently  found  at  Constantinople.  Thoro 
are  forty-one  excellent  plates,  six  of  them 
in  colour  ;  and  tho  essay  which  is  prefixed 
to  this  series  of  odd  and  fascinating  oxamplos 
— many,  alas  !    of  a  fragmentary  description 


— tells  us  all  that  can  be  said  by  an  expert 
concerning  the  artistic  influences  which 
contributed  to  the  making  of  them.  Mr. 
Wallis  is  himself  the  owner  of  some  of  the 
pieces  figured,  and  his  writing  bears  the 
mark  both  of  wide  knowledge  and  due  cau- 
tion, being  wholly  free  from  the  verbose 
rhetoric  which  seems  to  suggest  much,  and 
really  means  little.  The  history  of  the 
pottery  of  the  Greek  Empire  founded  by 
Constantine  the  Great  is  almost  a  new  science, 
and  one  of  great  interest.  The  introduction 
of  Christianity  did  not  favour  that  associa- 
tion of  pottery  with  interment  which  has 
preserved  for  us  many  Greek  masterpieces. 
Mr.  Wallis 

"  had  occasion  nearly  twenty  years  ago  to  investi- 
gate the  subject  in  the  course  of  inquiries  referring 
to  the  ceramic  arts  contemporary  with  the  early 
Persian  wares.  The  researches  then  made  sug- 
gested that  the  materials  for  the  history  of 
Byzantine  pottery,  or  at  least  of  many  of  its 
phases,  might  still  be  recovered  from  the  accumu- 
lated remains  now  buried  beneath  the  modern  city 
of  Stamboul." 

Tins  idea  has  opened  up  a  series  of  finds 
valued  alike  on  the  Continent  and  in  this 
country  ;  and  though  the  fragments  bear 
no  dates,  the  ornamental  motives  and  tech- 
nique employed  afford,  as  Mr.  Wallis' s  careful 
essay  shows,  a  body  of  evidence  which 
points  to  pottery  made  at  Constantinpole 
during  the  time  of  the  Greek  Empire.  We 
may  now  hope  for  more  certainty,  since 
investigations  at  the  Turkish  capital  are  no 
longer  considered,  as  in  the  time  of  the 
pioneer  excavations,  "  at  once  impious  and 
absurd." 

The  elaborate  "  Library  Edition "  of 
The  Works  of  Rushin,  edited  by  E.  T.  Cook 
and  A.  Wedderburn  (George  Allen),  has 
reached  its  thirty-tlurd  volume,  containing 
'  The  Bible  of  Amiens,'  '  Valle  Crucis,'  '  The 
Art  of  England,'  and  '  The  Pleasures  of 
England.'  This  edition  is  surely  the  best 
equipped  ever  published  of  a  great  writer. 
For  the  zeal  and  care  shown  concerning 
every  detail  in  connexion  with  the  text  of 
these  volumes  no  praise  can  be  too  high. 
The  shifts  and  tergiversations  of  the  Rus- 
kinian  text,  small  misprints  or  minute  varia- 
tions of  wording  in  subsequent  editions, 
references  to  things  done  and  left  undone 
by  Ruskin — all  is  carefully  noted.  Cross- 
references  abound,  as  well  as  exact  citations 
of  current  journalism,  which  must  often 
have  been  difficult  to  verify.  If  Ruskin 
mentions  the  "  schoolmaster  abroad,"  a 
note  at  the  bottom  of  the  page  tells  us 
who  made  the  phrase.  Beautiful  type  and 
illustrations,  and  an  Introduction  written 
with  full  knowledge  and  sympathy,  combine 
with  all  tliis  meticulous  care  in  annotation 
to  make  a  perfect  book,  and  it  is  a  pleasure 
in  these  days  of  hasty  production  to  see 
such  editing. 

The  Introduction  gives  a  good  insight 
into  the  strange  mixture  of  gaiety  and 
sudden  depression,  generosity  and  wilfulness, 
in  Ruskin.  It  is  entertaining  concerning 
his  resumption  of  the  Slade  Professorship, 
and  the  reception  of  a  lecturer  who  seemed 
determined  to  flout  the  academic.  In  1879 
Ruskin' s  name  was  forged  on  various 
cheques,  and  wo  learn  that  the  guilty  man 
was  started  again  on  a  better  careor  by 
Ruskin  when  he  had  completed  liis  sentence. 
Among  tho  master's  proposed  books  was  one 
on  Horaco,  in  whom  ho  ingeniously  found 
the  definition  of  a  gontloman.  He  did  not 
always  got  his  classical  quotations  right, 
as  is  pointed  out  on  p.  xxvi  ;  but  on  p.  xxv 
a  well-known  lino  of  Virgil  ('  yEnoid,'  vi.  95) 
is  given  with  a  w-rong  adjective,  and  remains 
uncorrected.  There  is  an  admirablo  analysis 
of  Ruskin' s  religious  viows  with  roforonce 
to  tho  '  Biblo  of  Amions.' 


The  volume  contains,  as  do  most  of  Rus- 
kin's  works,  much  that  is  of  interest  outside 
art.  Thus  we  find  Mm  dwelling  with 
remarkable  insight  on  the  sort  of  dolls 
that  children  really  like,  and  the  sort  of 
book  that  is  forced  on  them  by  undiscerning 
elders  and  the  keen  competition  of  the 
Christmas  market.  The  illustrations  include 
a  charming  page  of  designs  of  little  people 
by  Kate  Greenaway.  All  the  figures  are 
instinct  with  delicacy  and  grace ;  but 
how  could  the  sage  commend  so  unnatural 
a  dress  as  a  long  gown  for  a  little  child  ? 
It  is  the  very  last  thing  that  a  child  deserves 
or  wants  in  reality.  These  little  difficulties 
have  a  way  of  presenting  themselves  in 
Ruskin' s  preachments. 

The  volume  includes  a  facsimile  of  his 
very  facile  and  characteristic  handwriting, 
which  suggests  that  the  pen  toiled  some 
way  behind  the  quick  brain.  It  need  hardly 
be  added  that  there  are  numerous  passages 
of  fine  eloquence  in  these  pages — eloquence 
winch  is  for  the  most  part  at  its  best 
when  it  is  simplest.  Now  and  again  there 
are  accumulations  of  adjectives  which  are 
more  feeble  than  forcible.  But  Ruskin' s 
most  effective  gift  is,  perhaps,  the  playful 
irony  to  which  there  is  no  answer,  and 
which  sometimes  unjustly  depreciates  his 
adversary  of  the  moment. 

Windsor.  Painted  by  George  M.  Hen  ton. 
Described  by  Sir  Richard  Rivington  Holmes. 
(A.  &  C.  Black.)— Sir  Richard  R.  Holmes, 
the  King's  Librarian,  in  conjunction  with 
Mr.  Henton  as  artist,  has  produced  a  singu- 
larly attractive  book  upon  Windsor.  As 
is  said  at  the  outset,  the  history  of  Windsor 
and  its  Castle  is,  from  the  time  of  the 
Norman  Conquest,  virtually  that  of  the 
English  nation.  It  is,  therefore,  not  a  little 
difficult  to  avoid  wandering  off  into  national 
episodes.  We  know  of  more  than  one  book, 
professedly  on  Windsor,  wherein  both  Castle 
and  borough  are  almost  buried  beneath 
a  stream  of  diluted  general  history.  There 
is  no  such  fault  in  the  book  before  us.  Sir 
Richard  Holmes,  as  might  be  expected,  has 
a  thorough  mastery  of  his  subject,  and 
deals  in  a  bright,  informing  style  with  the 
tale  of  Windsor  under  the  Normans,  the 
Plantagenets,  the  Tudors,  the  Stuarts,  and 
the  less-interesting  Georgian  period,  together 
with  a  final  chapter  on  the  late  reign.  It 
is  not  a  deep  book  ;  that  is  not  to  be  ex- 
pected when  its  length  is  limited  to  about 
120  pages  ;  but  all  that  is  said  is  trust- 
worthy. Mr.  Henton  is  also  to  be  con- 
gratulated upon  his  twenty  pictures,  which 
are  clever  examples  of  colour-printing, 
but  not  all  equally  good.  We  think  the 
pictures  of  a  glade  in  the  park  and  '  The 
Castle  from  the  Rafts '  are  two  of  the  best. 
The  artist  is  not  so  successful  in  tho  nave 
of  St.  George's  Chapel,  a  difficult  subject. 

We  know  there  are  differences  of  opinion 
on  the  point,  but  we  should  be  glad  if  Messrs. 
Black,  and  others  who  put  forth  books  with 
coloured  plates,  would  abandon  tho  habit 
of  giving  the  illustrations  no  lettering, 
and  of  printing  the  descriptive  title  on 
an  inserted  sheet  of  "  flimsy."  This  now 
fashionable  practice  is  irritating,  for  not 
infrequently  the  thin  shoot  is  loose  or  gets 
torn  out,  and  tho  picture  is  left  with  its 
namo  unrecorded 

The  Discoveries  in  Crete,  and  their  Bearing 
on  tlie  History  of  Ancient  Civilisation.  By 
Ronald  M.  Burrows.  Second  Edition.  (John 
Murray.) — A  revival  of  faith  in  human 
nature  came  to  Michael,  in  '  Tho  Wrong 
Box,'  from  tho  waiter  who  drank  so  quickly. 
Mr.  Burrows  has  revived  our  faith  in  human 
nature,  for  wo  did  not  expect  that  tho 
cultured  public  would  call  so  soon  for  a 
socond  edition  of  his  (or  anybody's)  book  on 


\:\ 


THE     ATHENAEUM 


No.  4197,  April  4,  1908 


•  ti...  Dieooveriei  In  Ore**.'    The  demand  us 

gratifying  to  nil  who  appreciate  good  work 
in  ■oholarehip. 

Mr.      Burrows     prints     seven     pages     of 

•  Addenda,'  bringing  the  reoora  of  dia- 
aoveriee  np  to  September,  1907.  There  aro 
Mr.  Bvanaa  Bnda  <>f  a  possiblo  now  wing  of 
the  Qaoanan  palace,  and  of  a  hugo  and  still 
anplnmbed  beehive  chambor  cut  in  the  rock. 
It  is  "  choked  with  pottery  debris  dating 
from  Middle  Minoan  I.,"  and  no  man  can 
guess  what  is  at  the  bottom  of  it.  Frag- 
ments of  Middle  Minoan  polychrome  vases 
havo  boon  found  in  a  previously  unrifled 
Egyptian  tomb  of  the  twelfth  dynasty, 
which  is  disagreeable  for  Prof,  von  Bissing. 
Diggings  in  Servia  have  convinced  Dr. 
Vasic  that  the  so-called  Neolithic  pottery 
of  Servia,  and  that  of  Central  Europe  in 
general,  can  be  proved  to  be  directly  derived 
from  that  of  the  /Egean  : — 

"  Many  of  the  Servian  vases  show  in  their  sides 
survivals,  meaningless  to  the  makers,  of  the  rivets 
that  bound  together  the  metal  plates  of  the  Minoan 
vases  from  which  they  were  derived." 

Men  on  the  oldest  figurines  wear  the  loin- 
cloth, which  certainly  seems  characteristic 
of  a  warm  Southern  climate.  This  is  "  fatal 
to  the  Indo-European  theory."  Dr.  Anton 
Reichel  seems  to  find  traces  of  Japanese  or 
Chinese  silk  fabrics  in  tho  loincloth  of  the 
Cupbearer,  and  "  argues  that  the  design  is 
Chinese  in  character."  To  us  it  seems  Greek 
in  character  ;  we  mean  the  Cupbearer,  not 
his  loincloth.  If  the  ornaments  on  the 
cloth  were  of  metal,  it  must  have  been 
uncomfortable  to  sit  down  in. 

The  Year's  Art,  1908,  compiled  by  A.  C.  R. 
Carter  (Hutchinson  &  Co.),  is  a  well-estab- 
lished book  of  reference  on  all  sorts  of  artistic 
matters,  the  '  Directory  of  Artists '  being, 
perhaps,  the  most  valuable  feature.  As  we 
have  remarked  before,  we  do  not  see  the  use 
of  illustrations  in  a  book  of  this  sort,  though 
most  of  them  are  better  than  the  reproduction 
of  a  "  snapshot  drawing  "  by  a  girl  of  fifteen 
illustrating  'The  Art  of  Childhood.'  We 
are  glad  to  notice  a  section  on  '  Art  in 
Parliament,'  which  deals,  inter  alia,  with 
the  report  of  the  Committee  concerning 
the  decoration  of  the  Palace  of  Westminster. 
There  is  also  a  list  of  private  collectors, 
schools  of  art,  and  musuems,  arranged  accord- 
ing to  counties.  The  recent  important  copy- 
right case  in  America  concerning  the  repro- 
duction of  pictures  should  have  been  men- 
tioned under  '  Copyright.' 


WATER-COLOURS  AT 
MR.  PATERSON'S    GALLERY. 

The  drawings  here  have  this  much  in 
common,  that  each  artist  sticks  closely 
to  a  narrow  technical  method  with  the 
possibilities  of  which  he  is  fairly  well  ac- 
quainted, and  is  careful  not  to  allow  the 
close  pursuit  of  nature  to  jostle  him  out  of 
his  familiar  routine.  Hence  come  definite 
merits — of  style,  of  a  sense  of  restraint  in 
the  artist,  and  the  freedom  from  mere  un- 
scrupulous imitation  for  the  purposo  of 
pleasing  the  uneducated  lover  of  "  finish." 
These  stylistic  qualities,  however,  are  ob- 
tained at  the  price  of  a  certain  slightnoss 
of  substance  in  the  works  shown,  and 
one  feels  that  a  method  which  is  not  fre- 
quently being  extended  to  new  purposes 
of  intimate  rendering  is  in  many  cases 
liable  to  degenerate  into  a  trick.  The 
special  field  of  pen  drawing  is  so  wide, 
and  its  limitations,  when  you  come  to  them, 
so  inexorable,  that  Mr.  Rackham  may  be 
excepted  from  these  strictures  :  he  does  not 
impose  his  own  restrictions  on  a  method 
in  itself  elastic.     He  is  represented  by  a  fair, 


if  not  quite  Brat-rate  example  of  his  work 
— tho    Fighting   Giants   from   Grimm.     Mr. 

Joeepfa  ( 'niwliall,  on  the  other  hand,  is  a 
typical  example  of  tho  danger  of  too  much 
roliance  on  a  direct  simple  oxocution,  a 
thing  excellent  hi  itself.  Tht  Moorhen, 
An  Arab  Donkey,  and  oven  more  noticeably 
Trout  Rising  aro  flimsy  almost  to  the  point 
of  flippancy.  Bullfinches,  on  tho  contrary, 
is  a  drawing  in  which  beauty  is  sought  after 
more  than  the  display  of  cleverness,  and  which 
has  great  decorative  charm.  Mr.  Crawhall's 
two  romaining  works  pretend  less  to  realistic 
painting,  and  approximate  to  the  calli- 
graphic dexterity  of  Japanese  animal  paint- 
ing of  the  simpler  sort,  being  little  more  than 
splashes  of  monochrome  directly  struck  on 
clean  paper.  In  this  field  tho  artist  has  the 
vigorous  characterization  of  his  Oriental 
masters  (witness  the  magnificent  boar  in 
Pig-sticking),  but  hardly  their  taste  and  dis- 
cretion. Thus  the  cavalier  in  the  same 
brilliant  sketch  does  not  remind  us  so  much 
of  the  fine  art  of  Japan  as  of  the  less  distin- 
guished work  in  our  own  illustrated  papers. 

Too  much  dependence,  again,  on  a  facile 
trick  of  execution  has  often  marred  the  water- 
colours  of  Mr.  D.  Y.  Cameron.  It  is  less 
noticeable  than  usual  in  his  Chinon,  a  dainty 
drawing  of  a  pleasing  subject.  Other 
artists  exhibiting  here  who  show  a  little 
disposition  to  carry  their  work  beyond  the 
merely  facile  are  Mr.  W.  Wilson,  Mr.  W.  L. 
Bruckman,  and  Mr.  William  Nicholson. 
The  first  two  produce  town  views  carefully 
chosen  and  tactfully  painted,  which  we 
should  yet  hardly  be  surprised  to  find 
matched  by  some  specially  artistic  photo- 
grapher. Mr.  Nicholson  has  a  still  life 
with  a  close  grip  on  actuality,  notwithstand- 
ing all  its  style  and  reserve  ;  but  his  study 
of  a  head  leans  heavily  on  a  dull  and  wooden 
convention.  Other  drawings  worthy  of  note 
are  the  Mill  at  Woodbridge,  by  Mr.  F.  Mura, 
and  The  Lea  at  Hackney,  by  Mr.  Muirhead 
Bone. 


MR.    CHARLES    I' ANSON'S    WORKS. 

This  exhibition  at  the  Modern  Gallery 
shows  the  late  Mr.  Charles  I' Anson  as  a 
painter  typical  of  his  period  ;  that  is  to  say, 
he  was  not  insensitive  to  the  moods  of 
nature,  but  painted  with  a  certain  lack  of 
definite  direction,  never  pushing  thoroughly 
home  an  effort  along  any  of  the  several  lines 
of  action  to  which  his  inclinations  prompted 
him.  Thus  he  was  more  successful  with 
an  occasional  slight  sketch  than  with 
more  important  work,  in  which  the  possi- 
bility of  second  thoughts  gave  opportunity 
for  vacillation  and  compromise.  The  River 
at  Snape  (12),  Evening  at  Iken,  Suffolk  (39), 
and  A  Summer  Afternoon  on  the  River  Artro 
(56)  are  among  the  best  of  the  tilings  shown. 


SALES. 

Some  excollent  prices  were  realized  hy  portraits 
at  Messrs.  Christie's  last  Saturday,  particularly 
by  the  Romneys  from  the  collection  of  tho  late 
Mr.  Brownlow  Poultor  :  Mrs.  Dorothea  Morley 
(nte  Jarvis),  wife  of  James  Morley,  in  white  frilled 
dress  with  red  sash,  2,887/.  ;  James  Morley, 
Paymaster-General  of  India,  in  brown  coat  with 
white  stock,  315/.;  Mrs.  Anno  Poulter  (nit 
Bannister),  wife  of  Edmund  Poulter,  in  pink  dress, 
with  white  front,  and  grey  scarf  drawn  round  her 
shoulder,  1,575/.  ;  Edmund  Poultor  (formerly 
Edmund  Sayer),  barrister  -  at  -  law,  afterwards 
Canon  of  Winchester,  in  brown  coat  with  yellow 
and  green  vest,  420/. 

Two  drawings  by  D.  Gardner  were  from  tho 
collection  of  tho  late  Mr.  Walter  Pleydell  Bouverie : 
Lady  Fawkener,  in  blaok  dress  and  white  lace 
cap,  seated  opposite  to  her  daughter,  the  Hon. 
Mrs.  Edward  Bouverie,  with  her  grandchild,  Miss 
Bouverie,    playing    between   them,    1,312/.  ;    The 


Three  Children  of  the  Hon.    Edward   Bouverie, 

the  son  Bdward,  resting  hi*  head  on  the  shoulder 
of  his  sister  Fanny  ;  th<-  alder  daughter  kneeling 
on  the  around,  playing  with  a  dog,  525/. 

Tho  following  were  from  the  OoUeOtion  of  Mr. 
(  1. Hide  A.  C.  Ponsonby.  Drawings:  O.  Huriinlii  ••>  , 
Lady  Barbara  Ashley,  when  .k  ohOd,  in  white 
dn    I,    seated    in  a  landscape,    210/.  ;    Georgians, 

DnoheM  of  Devonshire,  BK  J.  E.  Liotard,  Por- 
trait of  the  Artist,  in  blue  coat  and  red  cap,  126L 
Pictures  :  J.  Hoppner,  Lady  Caroline  Ponsonby, 
in  white  dress  with  blue  sash,  220/.  A.  rLaufTmiinn, 
Henrietta  Bpenoer,  afterward*  Obnntw  of  liesa- 
boroogh,  100*.     Sir  E.  Laiidaeer, The  Return  from 

the  Warren,  portrait  of  the  Hon.  A.  Ponsonby, 
with  the  pony  and  large  dog  belonging  to  him, 
and  the  small  dog  belonging  to  the  artist,  34JBL  ;  A 
White  Mare  and  a  Foal,  in  a  landscape,  105/. 
Lawrence,  Lady  Caroline  Lamb,  .'525/.  Lely, 
Winston  and  Arabella,  children  of  Sir  Winston 
Churchill,  140/.  Reynolds,  Georgians,  DnoheM  of 
Devonshire,  and  her  Daughter,  102/.  H.  de  Bles, 
St.  Catherine,  and  St.  Barbara,  small  three- 
quarter  figures  of  the  saints  (a  pair),  7867.  Luca 
Longhi,  The  Madonna  and  Child,  with  St.  Eliza- 
beth and  St.  John,  1 10/. 

The  remainder  were  from  different  properties. 
Drawings :  J.  Downman,  Mrs.  Rawlinson,  of 
Ancoats  Hall,  Manchester,  in  green  dress  with 
fichu,  210/.  J.  Russell,  William  Wilberforce,  ia 
blue  coat  with  brass  buttons,  white  vest  and  stock, 
110/.  ;  Mrs.  Wilberforce  (ne'e  Spooner),  wife  of  the 
above,  in  white  muslin  dress  and  muslin  cap,  03/.  ; 
Mrs.  Sarah  Bell  (daughter  of  Samuel  Sydenham), 
in  blue  dress,  with  white  fichu  and  yellow  sash, 
330/. 

Pictures  :  Sir  W7.  Beechey,  Portrait  of  an  Officer, 
in  scarlet  coat,  white  vest,  and  black  cocked  hat, 
130/.  Rev.  W7.  Peters,  An  Angel  carrying  the 
Spirit  of  a  Child,  110/.  G.  Terburg,  A  Cavalier, 
a  Lady,  and  a  Page,  105/.  Romney,  Major-General 
Sir  Archibald  Campbell,  in  scarlet  uniform,  holding 
his  hat  and  stick  in  his  hand,  189/.  Bernardino 
Luini,  St.  Anne,  in  red,  blue,  and  green  dress, 
holding  a  book  in  her  left  hand,  210/.  Lawrence, 
Mrs.  Sarah  Trimmer,  in  brown  dress  and  high 
white  mob  cap,  141/.  J.  van  Huysum,  Flowers 
and  Bird  s  Nest,  220/.  J.  Crome,  A  Woody  Land- 
scape, with  a  winding  sandy  road,  a  pool  of  water 
in  the  foreground,  215/.  Morland,  Blind  Man's 
Buff,  1,050/.  L.  Cranach,  Portrait  of  a  Lady  as 
Judith,  in  green  and  gold  dress,  resting  her  left 
hand  on  the  head  of  Holof ernes,  110/.  Dirk  Hals, 
A  Lady,  seated  at  a  table,  sowing,  110/.  N.  Maes, 
Tho  Wife  of  Matthew  Molskonck,  in  black  and 
white  dress,  110/.  B.  E.  Murillo,  A  Woody  Land- 
scape, view  looking  across  a  valley  to  a  rocky 
height,  on  the  summit  of  which  is  a  castle,  in  the 
foreground  a  group  of  figures,  262/.  G.  B. 
Tiepolo,  The  Immaculate  Conception,  430/. 

Messrs.  Christie  sold  on  Monday  last  the  follow- 
ing drawings,  the  property  of  the  late  Mrs.  Caleb 
Rose  :  J.  Cronie,  The  Blacksmith's  Shop,  52/.  ;  A 
WToody  Lane  Scene,  near  Norwich,  54/.  Keeley 
Halswelle,  On  the  Marshes,  near  Southwold,  63/. 


3r"itu-jVrt  <Bos5ip. 

Four  pictures  have  recently  been  added 
to  the  National  Gallery.  A  '  Portrait  of 
Elisa  Bonaparte,  Grand  Duchess  of  Tuscany  ' 
(No.  2217),  by  J.  L.  David,  and  a  '  Portrait 
of  Madame  Malibran  '  (No.  2218),  attributed 
to  J.  A.  D.  Ingres,  have  been  purchased 
out  of  a  fund  bequeathed  by  the  late  T.  D. 
Lewis.  A  '  Portrait  of  Ulricus  Sirosenius, 
Duke  of  Friesland'  (No.  2209),  by  an 
unknown  Dutch  artist  of  the  sixteenth  cen- 
tury, has  been  presented  by  Mrs.  C.  L. 
Eastlake  "  in  memory  of  her  husband,  who 
was  for  twenty  years  Keeper  of  the  National 
Gallery."  'La  Main  Chaude'  (No.  2216), 
by  Jean  Francois  de  Troy,  has  been  presented 
by  Lieut.-Col.  Lyons.  These  pictures  hang 
in  Rooms  XVII.  and  XI. 

At  a  general  assembly  of  the  Royal  Society 
of  British  Artists  the  following  were  elected 
members :  Messrs.  Fred  Roe,  Ed.  Patry, 
R.  H.  Lever,  Gardner  Symons,  and  P. 
Padwick. 


No.  4197,  April  4,  1908 


THE    ATHENAEUM 


42.3 


An  attractive  exhibition  of  paintings, 
drawings,  and  sculpture  by  modern  British 
and  foreign  artists,  at  the  Public  Art  Gal- 
leries, Church  Street,  Brighton,  was  opened 
on  Thursday  last  with  an  address  by  Mr. 
D.  S.  MacColl.  The  exhibition  has  been  got 
together  by  Mr.  W.  Marchant,  of  the  Goupil 
Gallery,  Regent  Street. 

Each  of  the  two  leading  Paris  Salons  has 
just  sustained  the  loss  of  a  member.  Both 
were  young  men.  M.  Paul  Placecanton,  who 
belonged  to  the  Societe  des  Artistes  Francais, 
and  who  died  at  the  Marine  Hospital  at 
Toulon,  at  the  age  of  forty-five,  was  a  native 
of  Mezieres  (Ardennes),  and  studied  under 
Cormon  and  Dameron  ;  he  devoted  himself 
largely  to  land  and  marine  views  of  the  Midi. 
He  had  two  pictures  in  the  Salon  of  last 
year. 

M.  Joseph  Le  Pan  de  Ligny,  a  member 
of  the  Societe  Nationale  des  Beaux-Arts, 
who  died  last  week  at  the  Chateau  de  la 
Chambre  (Loire-Inferieure),  was  forty  years 
of  age,  and  a  native  of  Guignen  (Ile-et- 
Vilaine).  He  made  a  special  feature  of  land- 
scapes and  Breton  interiors,  which  were  for  a 
few  years  often  seen  at  the  annual  Salon, 
though  he  had  not  been  represented  since 
1905. 

The  success  of  Dr.  S.  Reinach's  handbook 
of  art,  '  Apollo,'  has  encouraged  its  publishers 
to  begin  a  series  of  similar  handbooks  on 
national  art  in  different  countries.  Each 
volume  will  be  of  the  size  of  'Apollo,'  con- 
taining about  400  pages  with  600  repro- 
ductions of  works  of  art.  Fifteen  volumes 
are  already  arranged.  Sir  Walter  Armstrong 
is  writing  the  volume  on  '  British  Art '  ; 
and  Dr.  Ricci  that  on  '  Art  in  Northern 
Italy '  ;  while  Prof.  Maspero  will  deal  with 
'  Egyptian  Art.'  The  first  volume  will  be 
published  tliis  year,  and  will  be  followed 
quarterly  by  others.  The  English  edition 
will  be  issued  by  Mr.  Heinemann,  the 
French  by  Messrs.  Hachette,  the  German  by 
Mr.  Hoffmann  of  Stuttgart,  the  American 
by  Messrs.  Charles  Scribner's  Sons,  and  the 
Italian  by  the  Istituto  Italiano  d'Arti 
Grafiche  at  Bergamo. 

The  thirty-sixth  volume  of  the  reports 
of  the  Deutsche  Orientgesellschaft  states 
that  recent  excavations  have  shown  that 
the  famous  wall  of  Babylon  consisted  of  a 
double  wall  of  clay  bricks,  witli  a  space  of 
about  39  ft.  between  them,  outside  of  which 
was  another  wall. 

The  Somersetshire  Archaeological,  and 
Natural  History  Society  will  hold  its 
sixtieth  annual  meeting  at  Taunton  on  Tues- 
day, August  18th,  and  three  following  days, 
under  the  presidency  of  the  Marquess  of 
Bath. 

EXHIBITIONS. 

Sat.  (April  4).— English  Lakes  and  Norwegian  Fjonls,  Water-Colours 
l>y  A.  Heaton  Cooper,  New  Dudley  Gallery. 

—  Lunilsraiies  painted  In    England,   Wale*.    Italy,    and    Spain 

WaterColoiirs  l»y  George  Marks.  Dnwdeswell  Galleries 

—  Portraits  of  Native  Princes  of  Central  India.  Studies  of  Kew 

(.aniens,  and  other  Works  hy  Herbert  A.  Olivier,  Private 
View,  Grafton  Galleries. 

—  •  The  Solitude  of  Sorrow  '  and  'The  Child  Mary,'  hy  Herbert 

Sehmali,  Memloza  Gallery. 

—  WaterColours     hy     Louis     Davis,     A.R.W.S.,     Messrs      ran 

Whulingh's  Gallery. 
Mo-.       Tin     Englfjh    Lakes,   Water-Colours  by  Baragwanath   King 
Private  View,  Messrs.  Graves's  Galleries. 


MUSIC 


THE    WEEK. 

•Queen's  Hall. — Philharmonic  Concerts. 
Symphony  Concert.  Mischa  Elman's 
Concert.  Mr.  Beecham"  s  Orchestral  <  m,. 
cert. 

At  the  fourth  Philharmonic  Concert  last 
Thursday  week  there  was  a  novelty  :  a 


Concerto  for  viola  and  orchestra  by  Mr. 
York  Bowen.  The  composer,  though 
only  in  his  twenty  -  fourth  year,  has 
already  given  many  proofs  of  talent.  His 
Concerto  is  clever  and  effective  and 
shows  some  excellent  workmanship,  good 
thematic  material,  and  nothing  sensa- 
tional or  extravagant.  The  Adagio  has 
a  touch  of  romance  about  it.  The  solo 
part  was  admirably  interpreted  by  Mr. 
Lionel  Tertis,  and  at  the  close  both 
composer  and  performer  met  with  a 
hearty  reception. 

The  programme  also  included  Berlioz's 
lyric  scena  '  Cleopatra,'  with  which  in 
1829  he  hoped  to  win  the  Prix  de  Rome. 
The  earlier  portion,  though  full  of  rhythmic 
life,  is  not  specially  characteristic,  but  in 
the  death  scene  we  have  music  which 
shows  remarkable  dramatic  instinct  and 
striking  orchestration.  The  solo  part 
was  rendered  by  Madame  Marchesi  with 
all  due  point  and  power.  Mr.  Landon 
Ronald  conducted  the  whole  of  the  concert, 
and  with  marked  success. 

The  programme  of  Saturday's  Sym- 
phony Concert  included  Schumann's  Sym- 
phony in  D  minor,  No.  4,  a  work  not  often 
heard  now.  The  first  three  movements 
represent  Schumann  at  his  best ;  the 
Finale,  however,  with  the  exception  of 
the  introductory  Andante,  is  laboured. 
As  in  Mendelssohn's  '  Scotch  '  Symphony, 
so  in  this  work  the  composer  directed 
that  it  should  be  played  without  break. 
We  have  compared  the  dates  of  composi- 
tion of  the  respective  works,  and  it  seems 
that  in  this  matter  Schumann  was  the 
pioneer.  The  rendering  under  the  direction 
of  Mr.  Henry  J.  Wood  was  very  good. 

On  Monday  evening  Mischa  Elman 
gave  a  concert  with  the  London  Sym- 
phony Orchestra  under  the  direction  of 
M.  Emil  Mlynarski.  The  young  violinist 
was  first  heard  in  M.  F.  d'Erlanger's 
clever  Concerto,  of  which  he  gave  a 
brilliant  rendering.  But  he  was  after- 
wards engaged  on  a  greater  work — Beet- 
hoven's Concerto  in  D.  We  have  heard 
it  performed  by  many  great  artists,  and 
Mischa  Elman's  reading  of  it  at  times 
reminded  us  of  perhaps  its  greatest  inter- 
preter, Joachim. 

Mr.  Frederick  Delius's  English  Rhapsody 
for  orchestra  entitled  '  Brigg  Fair  '  was 
performed  at  the  third  of  the  Thomas 
Beecham  Orchestral  Concerts  on  Tuesday 
evening.  The  work,  which  is  based  on 
the  old  Lincolnshire  tune  '  Brigg  Fair,' 
requires  more  than  one  hearing,  although 
even  that  is  sufficient  to  reveal  the  com- 
poser's skill  in  writing  and  in  tone- 
colouring.  Mr.  Delius  does  not  produce 
music  of  the  realistic  programme-order, 
but  he  takes  an  ordinary  subject  and 
idealizes  it.  The  performance  under  the 
direction  of  Mr.  Beecham  was  good. 


Cliats  on  Violoncellos.  By  Olga  Racstef. 
(Werner  Laurie.)  —  Tim  word  "Cliats" 
might  loud  one  to  imagine  thai  the  volume 
wfus  of  ii  casual,  popular  kind.  The  author, 
by  introducing  stories  some  <>f  tlmm  amus 
ing — and  quaint  extracts  from  old  news- 
papers, has  certainly  made  her  book  accept- 
able   to    tho    general    roador  ;     but    it    also 


contains  plenty  of  solid  information.  We 
first  have  an  account  of  instruments  played 
with  a  bow  in  early  times — of  the  Indian 
"  ravanastron,"  the  Chinese  "  rabab,"  and 
the  Persian  "  kemangeh."  Then  many 
pages  are  devoted  to  viols,  especially  the 
viola  da  gamba,  the  immediate  prede- 
cessor of  the  'cello.  Much  is  said  about 
the  period  of  transition  from  the  one  to  the 
other,  and  about  the  older  instruments 
being  actually,  in  many  cases,  transformed 
into  'cellos.  This,  by  the  way,  was  the 
case  with  a  gamba  which  belonged  to  Handel. 
Concerning  the  celebrated  Italian  makers  of 
'cellos  and  their  famous  instruments  a  great 
deal  of  information  is  given.  Mention  is 
made  of  several  ladies :  Anne  of  Cleves, 
who  played  on  the  gamba,  and  Pepys's 
"  Mrs.  Jaggard  "  ;  also  of  Miss  Ford  and 
her  subscription  concerts  in  the  eighteenth 
century,  and  the  romantic  life  which  she 
led.  The  final  chat  concerns  Benjamin 
Hallet,  "  an  eighteenth-century  violoncello 
prodigy."  Our  author  in  her  Preface  ac- 
knowledges her  indebtedness  to  "a  great 
host  of  musical  historians,"  one  work  from 
which  much  information  is  drawn  being 
Messrs.  Hill's  life  of  Antonio  Stradivari. 
The  volume  contains  no  fewer  than  eighteen 
illustrations. 


ilttistral  (Bosstp. 

Space  prevents  detailed  notice  of  the 
second  concert  of  the  Societe  de  Concerts 
d' Instruments  Anciens  at  Bechstein  Hall 
on  Wednesday  evening.  The  programme 
included  music  by  Rameau,  Hasse,  &c,  and 
a  remarkably  interesting  Divertissement  by 
an  unknown  composer,  given  at  Malmaison 
in  1804.  The  performances,  as  at  the  first 
concert,  were  admirable  ;  and,  as  we  pre- 
dicted, the  hall  was  crowded. 

The  first  performance  in  Dublin  of  Bach's 
great  Mass  in  B  minor  was  given  by  the 
Univorsity  of  Dublin  Choral  Society  on  the 
28th  ult.  Mr.  Marchant,  the  conductor, 
is  to  be  congratulated  on  the  successful 
manner  in  which  his  choir  rendered  this 
difficult  work  ;  the  orchestra,  led  by  Mr. 
Arthur  Darley,  was  also  worthy  of  high 
commendation. 

MM.  Ysaye  and  Pugno  will  givo  throe 
sonata  recitals  at  Queen's  Hall  on  the  after- 
noons of  May  11th,  18th,  and  25th. 

The  Council  of  the  London  Section  of 
the  Incorporated  Society  of  Musicians 
offors  a  prize  of  15  guineas  for  a  string 
quartet.  Works  must  bo  sent  in  by  Septem- 
ber 1st.  The  adjudicators  are  Messrs.  Allen 
Gill,  Stanley  Hawley,  and  Arthur  W.  Payne. 

Messrs.  Jack  are  about  to  issuo  a  book 
on  the  Wagner  operas  by  Mr.  Cuthbert 
Hadden.  It  will  bo  illustrated  by  twenty- 
four  facsimile  reproductions  of  coloured 
drawings  by  Mr.  Byam  Shaw. 

Sir  Frederick  Bridge,  who  sails  for 
Canada  on  the  18th  inst.,  will  deliver  lectures 
(with  choral  illustrations)  on  ecclesiastioa] 
music  from  Tallis  and  Orlando  Gibbons 
down  to  the  present  day.  Ho  begins  at 
.Montreal,  and  will  afterwards  visif  tho 
principal  cities  of  tho  Dominion. 

/.The  six  performances  of  Moussorgsky'a 
'Boris  Godounow'  at  the  Paris  Opera  will 
bo  given  between  May  10th  and  June  Lfith. 
Tho  parts  of  Marina  and  Boris  will  betaken 
by  Madame  Fells  Litvinne  and  M.  Qhalia- 
pine.  M.  Felix  Blumenfeld  from  the  St. 
Petersburg  Opera  House  will  bo  the  con- 
ductor. 


126 


Til  E     ATIIEN^UM 


No.  4197,  April  4,  1908 


8i> 

Tii  - 


Tm  as, 


Fin. 
8n. 


nmrovt  ui  n  rut  mc 

S,in,l.,  II  ■'»«  Hall. 

MImtI  11.11 
Natloot]  HuluUj  Lraxuo  IVlnvit.  7.  yurriin  Hall. 

.  !,  ,wi  -mi. mi»  mi. I   Mr.   I.  Simon.  «  Sonn   Recltnl, 
i  Hull. 
Ml..  il«y  Harrboa  «  Violin  It.,  lul.  H  W,  It.-.  )■  -t.-J  11  ll.ill. 
MaiUnx'  Alma  Bltl'l  Pinimforte  Hn'ftal.  1  Hl.inwny  Hull. 
Kmulcin  VkUria  Knoll  >  Violin  lie.  iul.  J.  .Kolinu  Hull. 
Mr  York  Bow.n  »  Ohopln  ltivit.il.  i  IS,  .ttull.in  llnll. 
>'r«ulriu  JoK|>liiiie  Wnrckn.ii  l'iituufortc  Recital,  8.1S.  Ilrctiatrln 

Hall. 
Mr.  Al«n  Mm-WhirUra  Folk-Song  Recital.  9.30.  fitolnwiiy  Hull. 
Mlit  AiirUiilr  l>odu»on»  Pianoforte  Recital.  :i.  XtMan  Hull. 
HituelliiikofTi  Pianoforte  Recital.  1,  fltolnway  II  ill 
MiH«  Vera  Ju.-nl  m-ii  '  i  •  II"  Itccitnl.  ».  lie.  lutein  Hull. 
Mr   W.  .Ihxoii  Yuilla  Vocal  RcclUil.  8  :I0.  Strinway  Hull 
Nadu  Hylvai  Violin  Recital.  3.  Steinway  Hull 
Mia  Dorothl  Chrctliun's  Vocal  Krcital,  $.18,  .Koliuti  nail. 
I'litllmrmonic  Concert.  H.  Queen's  llall. 
i  hi  i-tine  .1  Alniayne'a  Vocal  Recital.  8.S0  .Eoliuii  Hall. 
Herr  Keren,  i  HegeduYa  Concert.  8.30.  -Kolinn  Hall. 
Mi»s  Dorothy  Normandy's  Vocal  Recital.  3.  Iterlmtcin  Hull. 
Queen  I  Hall.   Orrliistrul  Concert.  S.  Queen'*  Hull. 


DRAMA 


THE    WEEK. 

Vaudeville. — Jack  Straw  :  a  Comedy 
in  Three  Acts.  By  W.  Somerset 
Maugliam. 

To  the  theorist  who  watches  our  stage, 
careless  of  the  practical  difficulties  under 
which  it  labours,  it  may  seem  curious  that 
the  playwright  who  made  his  bow  with  so 
earnest  and  arresting  a  problem-drama  as 
'  A  Man  of  Honour '  should  be  the  writer 
of  gay,  irresponsible  comedies  of  the  type 
of  '  Lady  Frederick  '  and  '  Jack  Straw.' 
But  the  explanation  is  simple,  though  it 
may  appear  a  trifle  cynical.  Like  every 
man  of  brains  who  has  turned  his  attention 
to  our  theatre,  Mr.  Maugham  has  quickly 
discovered  that  the  drama  of  ideas  appeals 
to  a  tiny  minority,  and  that  any  play- 
wright who  wishes  to  secure  the  suffrages 
of  the  larger  public — in  other  words,  to 
be  on  the  active  list  of  stage-authors — 
must  avoid  the  imputation  of  seriousness. 
Even  Mr.  Barrie  has  obtained  general 
popularity  only  at  the  price  of  never 
touching  graver  issues,  except  with  the 
lightest  of  strokes,  and  wrapping  up 
criticism  of  human  nature  in  the  covering 
of  fantasy  or  comic  fable.  His  example 
Mr.  Maugham  is  copying.  Taught  by 
experience  that,  before  such  inveterate 
sentimentalists  as  the  majority  of  English 
theatre-goers,  to  treat  fife  in  its  sterner 
aspects  is  to  gamble  against  odds — 
prompted  too,  doubtless,  by  an  innate 
sense  of  humour — he  has  devoted  himself 
to  comedy. 

Not  that  there  is  not  a  purpose  behind 
the  fun  and  frivolity  of  '  Jack  Straw.' 
The  play  satirizes  none  the  less  cleverly 
because  lightly  that  hankering  after  the 
society  of  princes  and  alliances  with  royal 
personages  which  is  common  in  many 
parts  of  the  world.  To  imagine  an 
English  family  of  the  newly  enriched  class 
animated  by  a  similar  sentiment  is 
no  extravagance  on  Mr.  Maugham's  part. 
The  sole  difficulty  his  story  presents  arises 
from  the  doubt  whether  two  persons  of 
breeding  could  bring  themselves  to  punish 
the  purse-pride  of  such  vulgarians  by 
introducing  as  an  archduke  a  man  they 
themselves  knew  merely  as  an  hotel- waiter. 
But  if  this  modern  version  of  the  plot 
of  '  The  Lady  of  Lyons '  is  accepted, 
there  is  nothing  preposterous  in  Mr. 
Maugham's  tale.  Indeed,  its  piquancy 
depends  on  the  fact  that  while  the  spirit 


of  the  play  is  farcical,  its  characters  and 
circumstances  are  all  possible.  There 
have  been  princes  who  have  disappeared 
and  assumed  humble  occupations  ;  there 
have  been  princes  who  have  sought  wives 
amongst  the  untitled  rich  ;  so  that  Mr. 
Maugham's  waiter-archduke  does  nothing 
incredible  in  masquerading  as  the  royal 
highness  he  is,  or  in  wooing  seriously  his 
hostess's  charming  daughter.  Nor,  though 
the  playwright's  vulgarians  are  permitted 
to  express  aloud  what  in  actual  life  they 
would  only  think,  should  this  amount  of 
exaggeration  be  made  a  matter  of  reproach. 
It  is  a  concession  to  the  demand  of  the 
theatre  for  bold  contrasts,  and  the  snob- 
bish point  of  view  is  thus  most  amusingly 
illustrated. 

One  must  admire  the  unflagging  vivacity 
with  which  Mr.  Maugham  carries  through 
his  intrigue  and  his  instinct  for  comic 
situations.  He  is  to  be  congratulated 
also  on  having  adroitly  fitted  his  two 
chief  interpreters.  Rarely  has  Mr. 
Hawtrey  had  a  better  chance  of  airing 
that  bland  geniality,  that  languid  im- 
perturbability, he  can  so  easily  command, 
than  in  the  scene  in  which  the  hero,  when 
unmasked,  declines  to  budge  from  his 
comfortable  quarters,  despite  his  hostess's 
scurrility,  and  remains  master  of  the 
position.  Rarely  has  Miss  Lottie  Venne 
given  greater  proof  of  her  resourcefulness 
than  in  this  same  scene,  wherein  the 
woman's  bluster  and  cajolery  alike  fail 
before  her  guest's  unruffled  composure. 
Often  though  these  two  artists  have 
appeared  in  association,  they  have  never 
before  served  so  happily  as  foils  to 
each  other  as  in  '  Jack  Straw.' 


To  Correspondents.— H.  C— C.  M.— S.  L.  P.— H.  H.— 
Received.  H.  J.  (Stettin). — Not  suitable  for  us. 

No  notice  can  be  taken  of  anonymous  communications. 

We  cannot  undertake  to  reply  to  inquiries  concerning  the 
appearance  of  reviews  of  books. 


T 


H     E 


ATHEN^UM, 


PRICE  THREEPENCE. 

Is  published  every  FRIDAY  in  time  for  the  Afternoon  Mails.    Terras 

of  Subscription,  free  by  post  to  all  parts  of  the  United  Kingdom  :  For 

Six  Months.  7s.  M. ;  for  Twelve  Months.  15».  3d.    For  the  Continent 

and  all  places  within   the  Postal  Union  :   For  Six  Months.  9s. ;  for 

Twelve  Months,  18s.,  commencing  from  any  date,  payable  in  advance  to 

JOHN  C.  FRANCIS, 

Athenjcum  Office,  Bream's  Buildings,  Chancery  Lane,  London,  E.C. 


INDEX  TO  ADVERTISERS. 

FACE 

Arnold 429 

Authors'  Agents       402 

Bell  &  Sons 426 

Cassell  &  Co 431 

Catalogues       402 

CHATTO  &  WlNDUs 432 

collingr1dge  &  co 428 

Educational 401 

ENO  428 

Exhibitions      401 

Franco-British  Exhibition        431 

1 1  kin  em  ann        407 

Hukst  &  Blackett 40S 

Insurance  Companies         430 

Laurie 408 

Lectures 401 

Longmans  &  Co 429,431 

Macmillan  &  Co 408 

Magazines,  &c 402 

Methuen  &  Co.          405 

Miscellaneous 402 

Mudie       430 

Murray 406 

Notes  and  Queries 430 

NUTT  ..  ..  ..         ..  ..  ..  ..     430 

Paul,  Trench  &  Co 404 

sales  by  Auction      402 

Seeley  &  Co 430 

Situations  Vacant 401 

situations  Wanted 401 

Smith,  Elder  &  Co 429 

Societies 401 

'Times'  History        427 

Type-writers,  &c _        402 

Wright's  Coal  Tar  Soap 403 


MESSRS.      BELL'S 
LIST. 


THE  CHILDREN'S  BOOK  FOR  EASTER. 
NOW    READY.      Crown  4t<>,  2..  <W.  net. 

EASTER    EGGS: 

An  Easter  Idyll  for  Children. 

By  CHRISTOPHER  VON  SCHMID. 

With  many  Illustrations  in  Colour  and  Black  and 

White  by  Miss  M.  V.  WHEELHOUSE, 
And  specially  designed  Binding  aud  End-Papers. 
"  Christopher  von  Schmid's  account  of  the 
origin  of  Easter  Eggs,  and,  in  its  present  guise, 
embellished  with  exquisite  full-page  coloured 
illustrations,  it  is  as  attractive  an  Easter  gift-book 
as  can  well  be  imagined." — Observer. 

Prospectus  and  Specimen  Plate  on  applicatum. 


READY  WEDNESDAY  NEXT. 

GOETHE'S  AUTOBIOGRAPHY 

('Dichtung  und  Wahrheit'). 

Revised  Translation  by  M.  STEELE-SMITH, 

Head  Lecturer  in  Modern  Languages  at 

Newnham  College,  Cambridge. 

With  an  Introduction  and  Bibliography  by 

KARL  BREUL,  Litt.D.  Ph.D. 
2  vols,  fcap  8vo,  cloth,  2s.  net  ;  limp  leather, 
3s.  net.  [The  York  Library. 

READY  NEXT   WEDNESDAY. 
Crown  8vo,  3s.  6d.  net. 

THE     GOSPEL     OF    PAIN. 

By  THOMAS    J.    HARDY. 

This  volume  will  be  found  to  give  with  much 
eloquence  and  the  weight  of  experience  the  witness 
of  suffering  to  a  larger  life. 

Prospectus  an  application. 


HANDBOOKS  OF  THE  GREAT  MASTERS 

IN  PAINTING  AND  SCULPTURE. 

CHEAPER   REISSUE. 

Post  8vo,  with  40  Full-Page  Illustrations  and  a 

Photogravure  Frontispiece,  3s.  6d.  net  each. 

28  Volumes  already   published. 

JUST   PUBLISHED. 

FR  ANS  HALS.  By  G.  S.  Davies,  M.A. 

RUBENS     By  Hope  Rea. 

VAN  DYCK.    By  Lionel  Cust,  M.V.O. 

F.S.A.  

BELL'S    MINIATURE    SERIES    OF 
PAINTERS. 

Pott  8vo,  with  8  Illustrations,  1*.  net ;  or  in  limp 

leather,  with  Photogravure  Frontispiece,  2s.  net. 

NEW  VOLUME. 

DA  VINCI.    By  R.  H.  Hobart  Cust 


BOHN'S     LIBRARIES. 

"  The  new  series  of  Bonn's  Libraries,  on  which 
judicious  book-buyers  have  long  learned  to  keep  a 
careful  eye." — Athenceum. 

This  well-known  Series  now  includes  nearly  800 
Volumes  cf  Standard  Works  in  English  Literature 
and  Translations  from  all  the  European  Languages, 
dealing  with  : 


SCIENCE. 

NATURAL  HISTORY. 
PHILOSOPHY. 
POETRY. 
ART. 
FICTION. 

Price  lis.  M.  or  5c.  per  Volume  (with  exceptions). 

Write  for  Detailed  Catalogue,  which  will  be 

tent  on  application. 


HISTORY. 

BIOGRAPHY. 

TOPOGRAPHY. 

ARCHAEOLOGY 

THEOLOGY. 

ANTIQUITIES. 


London:    GEORGE    BELL    &    SONS, 
York  House,  Portugal  Street,  W.C. 


No.  4197,  April  4,  1908 


THE    ATHEN^UM 


427 


Some    Representative    Opinions 


of 


The  Times'  new  World-History 

We  here  print  a  few  representative  opinions  on  The  Historians' 
History  of  the  World  chosen  out  of  the  hundreds  which  have 
reached  us  from  men  and  women  of  every  profession  and  school 
of  thought:  from  statesmen,  administrators,  social  economists, 
scholars,  historians,  scientists,  men  of  letters,  business  men,  clergy- 
men, teachers,  &c. 

If  these  readers  have  found  the  History  so  interesting, 
is  it  not  worth  your  while  at  least  to  send  for  the  Free 
Descriptive  Booklet,  which  tells  what  this  new  World 
History  is  ?     See  the  Coupon  below. 


The  Duke  of  Argyll : 

An  excellent  work  of  reference. 

Lady  Henry  Somerset: 

In  observing  how  social  life  and  social 
problems  are  treated  in  The  Historians'  History, 
I  note  with  satisfaction  that  it  is  in  the  best 
sense  of  the  word  a  popular  Work  ;  that  is  to 
say,  it  is  adapted  to  general  needs,  it  reveals  no 
bias,  it  is  strictly  impartial.  The  classification 
and  general  arrangement  appear  to  me  to  be 
excellent. 

Dr.  Furnivall: 

I  have  given  a  few  hours  to  testing  the 
volumes  of  the  History  of  England  in  The 
Historians'  History  of  the  World,  and  they 
have  impressed  me  favourably.  I  haven't  found 
a  dull  page  in  them,  and  they  seem  free  from 
partisanship.  The  treatment  of  England  gives 
me  confidence  in  that  of  the  other  countries, 
and  the  gain  of  having  a  well-made  summary  of 
the  history  of  all  the  chief  nations  in  such  a 
moderate  compass  is  very  great. 

W.  Alison  Phillips,  Esq. : 

I  have,  then,  no  hesitation  in  saying  that  for 
the  ordinary  man  The  Historians'  History  of 
the  World  will  form  in  itself  an  historical  library 
better  than  he  could  possibly  hope  to  get 
together  at  a  much  greater  cost.  It  has,  more- 
over, from  this  point  of  view,  another  merit ; 
for  one  of  the  most  satisfactory  features  of  the 
book  is  the  series  of  very  full  bibliographies, 
which,  with  the  short  appreciations  of  the 
various  historians,  will  prove  an  excellent  guide 
to  those  who  wish  to  pursue  any  particular 
period  or  point  of  history  further.  The  chrono- 
logical tables  will  also  prove  very  useful  ;  and, 
last  but  not  least,  the  book  is  provided  with  an 
excellent  index. 

T.  P.  O'Connor,  Esq.,  M.P.: 

Turning  over  these  volumes,  I  had  the  sense 
that  for  a  long  time  to  come  there  was  one 
great  department  of  human  knowledge  as  to 
which  my  resources  were  now  complete.  I 
need  never  buy  another  history ;  for  such 
purposes  as  come  within  my  sphere  of  journalist, 
I  can  say  with  these  volumes  on  my  sholves,  to 
the   whole   world    of    bookmakers    and    book 

fublishors,  "Nunc  Dimittis."     I  have  got  all 
want. 


Lord  Cromer: 

A  most  valuable  addition  to  my  library. 

Sir  Gilbert  Parker,  M.P. : 

For  a  work  on  so  vast  a  scheme,  I  think  the 
result  is  remarkably  good.  On  dipping  into 
any  volume  the  interest  was  seized  and  hold, 
the  imagination  stimulated,  and  the  mind 
fortified  by  essential  facts  and  elements  in 
the  long  tale  of  universal  history.  These 
volumes  adequately  and  effectively  meet  the 
challenge  of  my  previous  words.  The  dis- 
tinguished authors  have  risen  to  a  great  oppor- 
tunity, and  the  world  of  thought  and  reading  is 
richer  for  their  expert  and  vivid  work. 


Sir  John  Carrington : 

For  those  who  like  to  read  history  in  a  large 
and  handsome  book — and  I  confess  to  being  of 
that  number — the  format  of  the  volumes  is 
ideal.  But,  though  large,  they  are  not  in  the 
least  heavy  or  cumbersome  in  the  hand.  The 
paper  and  typography  are  both  good,  and  the 
illustrations  are  generally  well  chosen  and  well 
printed.  The  text  is  fully  up  to  the  high 
standard  of  its  material  presentation.  It  is 
marvellous  in  how  full  and  comprehensive  and 
deeply  interesting  a  manner  the  great  panorama 
of  the  world's  history  is  unfolded  in  the  pages 
of  the  work. 


Sir  Donald  Mackenzie  Wallace: 

As  to  the  spirit  in  which  this  work  has  been 
written  the  following  remark  by  the  Editor 
may  be  quoted  :  "  The  desire  to  be  free  from 
all  prejudice  in  the  judgment  of  historical  facts 
is  the  keynote  of  all  our  philosophy  of  historical 
criticism  ;  and  the  desire  to  retain  interest — 
human  interest — is  the  keynote  of  our  philo- 
sophy of  historical  composition. "  The  unbiassed 
critic  can  say  conscientiously  that  those  two 
desires  have  been  realized  to  a  remarkable 
extent. 

Sir  W.  P.  Treloar,  Bart.: 

I  have  already  had  an  opportunity  to  glance 
at  one  or  two  of  the  volumes,  and  I  think  it  is 
one  of  the  most  wonderful  productions  of  this 
or  any  other  age. 

It  is  in  itself  a  complete  and  magnificent 
library  of  History. 

G.  Harwood,  Esq.,  M.P. : 

The  greatest  recommendation  of  the  book,  to 
my  mind,  is  that  it  is  a  "Historians'" — and 
and  not  an  advocate's — History.  Here  is  the 
advantage  of  its  being  written  by  various 
authors,  all  of  whom  are  well  qualified  by 
knowledge,  yet  none  of  whom  are  known  to 
be  identified  with  any  "views"  or  "theories." 
Here,  for  almost  the  first  time,  we  have  a 
History  which  is  an  interesting  narrative,  yet 
which  puts  fairly  all  the  salient  facts.  The 
printing  and  illustrations  certainly  add  to  the 
pleasure  of  using  the  book. 


Would  you  not  like  to  learn  something  more  about  this  monumental 
work?  We  have  a  Free  Descriptive  Booklet,  which  gives  you  all  necessary 
information  about  the  nature,  scheme,  and  method  of  The  Historians'  History, 
and  contains  many  specimen  pages  and  illustrations  taken  from  the  work. 
This  will  be  sent  to  you  on  receipt  of  the  coupon  below.  You  will  not  regret 
the  time  spent  in  its  perusal.  


The  Historians'  History  it  a  complete  world- 
hisrory,  in  25  super-royal  octavo  rol nines,  comprising 
17,000  pages  and  about  11,000,000  words,  with 
over  3  000  illustrations.  It  comprises  a  complete 
narrative  of  universal  history,  covering  the  earth 
from,  pole  to  pole,  and  stretching  from  5000  B.C. 
to  1907  A.I). 

Each  volume  otmtai lis  four  times  as  much  as  an 
ordinary  octavo,  and  compare?  favourably  in  paper, 
print,  and  binding  with  guinea  boohs  ;  yet  the  icorh 
is  sold  for  only  7  s.  (id.  per  coin  me;  and  litis 
price  may  be  paid  on  easy  terms,  at  the  rate  of 
only    ','!.  a  day. 


INQUIRY    FORM 

The  Times  (Book  Club),  Date 

380,  Oxford  Street,  London,  W. 
Please  send  me,  gratis  and  post  free,  the 
Descriptive  Booklet  of  The  Historians'  History 
of  tho  World,  with  specimen  pages,  particulars  of 
pi  ices  in  various  bindings,  and  the  convenient 
terms  of  payment. 

Name 


(Please  write  clearly.) 


Address. 
At.  3 


128 


T  H  E     ATHENJEUM 


No.  4197,  April  1,  L008 


Tin   NINETEENTH  OENTUR*  AXl>.\l  ill: 
Ho      .1         A  I'll  1 1. 

•jiik   nwy    khtimatks    AM>    NATAL   DSBATBB      v.j  Hi 

\\  iin  uu  ii  \v  hlt«.  k  i'  ii.  ini.  Dlr«  tor  i.i  N.n.ii  Ooaitnu  twit 
TlIK  BIN  OATIORAL  < -kisim  :  — 

ni  POIHTfl  rOB  KLOOIDATIOH  I.N  TlIK  BILL    Bj  I 
Hon   Lord  Stanley  of  Aldarlay. 
\    CROR8-BENCH     V1KW.       Hy    Uu    R*T.    OtBOD     ll'ii'Ly 

llrli.t'll.   1>   I». 

HVMAI.1KS   OF  t'lVIU/.ATI'iN  :   A    Pari]   bo   India.     Hy  Am.r 

All   C  I  K.  lata  i>  .imigv  of  ii.  Mb  iiik'h  t'ourt  of  Jadtaatan  in 

BOBBJBTS   BY  AOT  OF   PAItl.IAMKNT.    By  Bdwin  A.  Pratt. 
iiik    HKlTISH   TKAHHK    in   CANADA.    An   EngUih-CanadUi) 

\i.\r.     Hy  Aitliur  llu\«. 
H'uMKNH  SKTTI.KMKNTS.     Iiy  Mrs.  C'reigliton. 
AKi:  TIIKKK  MKN  IB  OTHER  VTOBLM?   By  Dr.  Louis  Hi.liinson. 
FBBSB    LIGHT    UN    CORK    OF    NORFOLK,      lly    Mrs.    Stirling. 

Author  of  '  Coke  of  Norfolk  and  Ms  Frieiuls.' 
TlIK    KKCKl  ITMKNT    OF    TlIK    INDIAN    F0BJE8T   SKIIYN.E. 

By  J.  rnisbct,  D.CEc  .  formerly  Conservator  of  Forests,  Burma. 
ECHOES    OF    TlIK    KI.KISIN  I  AN    MYSTERIES    IN     MODERN 

GREEK  FOLKLOKK.     lly  G.  F.  Alilwtt. 

THE    IMPOTENCE    OF   SOCIALISM:    a    Rejoinder.      By  H.    W. 

Hoare. 
LORD     CROMER     ON     GORDON     AND     THE      GLADSTONE 

CABINET.    By  Sidney  Low. 
JAMES  KNOWLES:  a  Tribute  from  some  Friends.    By  the  Right 

Rev.  Bishop  Welldon.  Henry  Birchenough.  O.M.G.,  J.  W.  Cross, 

Frederick  Wedmore,  the  Right  Hon.  Sir  Herbert  Maxwell,  Bart., 

and  Frederic  Harrison. 

London :   SPOTTISWOODE  &  CO..  Ltd.,  5,  New  Street  Square. 

JOURNAL     OF     THE    INSTITUTE    OF 
ACTUARIES. 
No.  233.    APRIL,  1908.    Price  2a.  M. 
Content*. 

On  the  Method  of  Dr.  Johannes  Knrun  of  Valuing  in  Groups  Endow- 
ment Assurances,  and  Policies  for  the  Whole  of  Life  hy  Premiums 
limited  in  Number.  By  George  King.  F.I. A.  F.F.A.,  Consulting 
Actuary.  With  Abstract  of  the  Discussion,  and  Abstract  of 
Correspondence  in  Insurance  Record. 

Bonus  ReserTe  Valuations.  By  0.  R.  V.  Coutts,  F.I. A..  Assistant 
Actuary  of  the  National  Mutual  Life  Assurance  Society.  With 
Abstract  of  the  Discussion. 

Legal  Notes.     By  Arthur  Rhys  Barrand,  F.I. A..  Barrister-at-Law. 

Historical  Notes  relating  to  the  Discovery  of  the  Formula 
a  =fp  (1-f-a     ,    I ;  and  to  the  Introduction  of  the  Calculus  in  the 

Solution  of  Actuarial  Problems.    By  T.   E.  Young.   B.A.,  Past 

President  of  the  Institute  of  Actuaries. 
Reviews. 
Actuarial  Notes. 

The  Sixth  International  Congress  of  Actuaries,  1909. 
Correspondence. 

London :  C.  &  E.  LAYTON,  Farringdon  Street. 

THE    BUILDER   (founded  1842),  4,    Catherine 
Street,  London,  W.C.,  April  4th,  contains  :— 
THE  HOUSING  AND  TOWN  PLANNING  BILL. 
HERALDRY  IN  ART. 

THE  CHURCH  OF  CEFALU  (Institute  of  Architects). 
LETTER  FROM  PARIS. 

THE  MARBLE  ARCH  IMPROVEMENT  (with  Illustration'. 
QUANTITIES    AS    PART  OF   A    BUILDING  CONTRACT 

(Surveyors'  Institution'. 
THE  INSTITUTE  OF  BRITISH  DECORATORS. 
RENAISSANCE  AND  MODERN  CHURCHES  OF  PARIS  : 

IV.  LA  TRINITK. 
COMPETITION  DESIGN  FOR  LONDON  COUNTY  HALL. 
PROPOSED  CHURCH.  CUMBERLAND. 
MEMORIAL  AND  FOUNTAIN. 

From  Offices  as  above  (■id.,  by  post  4\d.),  at  Rail- 
way Bookstalls,  Bookshops,  and  of  all  Newsagents. 


W 


HERE     TO     SEND      YOUR      MSS. 


THE    WRITER'S    AND    ARTISTS    YEAR    BOOK 

Gives  full  particulars  of  all  leading 
Journals  and  Magazines,  with  the 
length  and  kind  of  Article  and  Story 
required.        Absolutely    indispensable. 

Price  1*.  net  (post  free  Is.  2(1.). 
A.  &  C.  BLACK,  Soho  Square,  London,  \V. 


Demy  8vo,  cloth,  15s.  net. 
rp  II  E      HISTORY      OF       ASSAM. 

By     E.     A.     GAIT,    Indian    Civil    Service. 
With  Photogravure  Plates  and  a  Map. 

Contents  .—Prehistoric  and  Traditional  Bulem  The 
Period  from  the  Seventh  to  the  Twelfth  Centuries.  Events 
of  Thirteenth  to  Fifteenth  Centuries  (excluding  Ahoni 
History).  The  Koch  Kings.  The  Rise  of  the  Ahoni 
Kingdom.  The  Period  of  the  Muhamniadan  Wars.  The 
Climacteric  of  Ahoni  Rule.  The  Decay  and  Fall  of  the 
Ahom  Kingdom.  The  Ahoni  System  of  Government.  The 
Kacharis.  The  Jaintia  Kings.  Manipur.  Sylhet.  The 
Burmese  War.  Consolidation  of  British  Rule.  Relations 
with  Frontier  Tribes.  Important  Events  of  Recent  Times. 
Growth  of  Tea  Industry. 

W.  TIIACKER  &  CO.  2,  Creed  Lane,  E.C. 


JUST    PUBLISHED. 

A  New  Work  for  Actors  and  Students  of  the  Stage-  Professional 
and  Amateur ;  the  Clergy  ;  Teachers  and  Students  of  Elocu- 
tion ;  Lecturers  ;  Reciters  ;  Public  Speakers  and  others. 

Demy  8vo,  382  pages,  price  3s.  Qd.  net  ;  by  pott  3*.  \0d. 

DRAMATIC 
ELOCUTION   and  ACTION 

By   ALEX.    C.    SUTHERLAND,    M.A. 

A  Comprehensive  and  Practical  Treatise  on  the  Dramatic  Aspect  of  Elocution,  with  ■ 
Collection  of  Authoritative  Opinions  relating  to  Facial  Expression,  By-play,  Characterization 
and  Emotions,  and  a  Detailed  Examination  of  Discrimination  and  Transition,  Mingled 
and  Masked  Emotions,  &c. 

"An  exhaustive  and  original  book  of  instruction." — Times. 

"  Of  real  value  to  a  student  of  the  stage." — Fall  Mall  Gazette. 

"  A  great  aid  to  those  intending  to  enter  the  professions  of  the  church,  or  the  stage,  or  politico 
life." — Globe.  "A  wealth  of  useful  instruction." — Be/tree. 

"  I  respect  the  writer's  enthusiasm,  I  admire  his  knowledge  and  the  clear  way  in  which  he  present 
it."— T.  P.'s  Weekly. 

PROSPECTUS,    WITH    SPECIMEN    PAGES,    FREE   ON    APPLICATION. 


London:  W.   H.  &  L.  COLLINGRIDGE,  148  and  149,  Aldersgate  Street,  EC. 


THE    GRAND    CLIMACTERIC. 

'The  grand  climateric  period  was  fixed  at  63  hy  the  classical  authors  in  the  Man, 
They  were  not  far  wrong,  except  that  there  is  no  one  year  of  Life  to  which  it  can  be 
strictly  confined ....  There  are  present  in  many  post-climacteric  people  vague  feelings 
of  organic  bodily  discomfort  which  are  difficult  to  analyze  and  impossible  to  name. 
They  do  not  amount  to  pain  nor  to  unhappiness,  but  there  is  a  something  which 
interferes  with  the  full  enjoyment  of  life  and  which  means  that  the  processes  of 
nutrition  and  the  working  of  the  great  internal  organs  connected  with  digestion  are 
not  done  as  well  as  before  and  no  longer  give  conscious  satisfaction.  This  feeling  is 
often  connected  with  a  newly-developed  constipation  of  the  bowels  and  with  a  diminished 
keenness  of  the  appetite  for  food.' — 'The  Hygiene  of  Mind.' — T.  S.  Cloustox. 

ENO'S  '  FRUIT  SALT' 

will  be  found  at  this  critical  period  of  life  a  valuable  remedy,  gently  coaxing,  as  it  werer 
by  natural  means,  the  enfeebled  functions  back  to  normal  health  and  activity. 

'Accuse  not  Nature,  She  has  done  her  part,  do  thou  thine.' — Miltox. 

•  As  Health  is  such  a  blessing,  and  the  very  source  of  all  pleasure,  it  may  be  worth  the  pains 
to  discover  the  region  where  it  grows,  the  springs  that  feed  it,  the  customs  and  methods  by  which 
it  is  best  cultivated  and  preserved.' — Sik  W.  TEMPLE. 

CAUTION. — Examine  the  capstde,  and  see  that  it  is  marked  EXO'S  '■FRUIT  SALT.' 
Without  it  you  have  the  sincerest  form  of  flattery — IMITATION. 

Prepared  only  by  J.  C.  ENO  (Limited),  'FRUIT  SALT'  WORKS,  LONDON,  S.E. 


NEXT  WEEK'S  ATHENiEUM  will  contain 
Reviews  of  WALTER  JERROLD'S  LIFE 
AND  TIMES  OF  THOMAS  HOOD  ami 
A.  L.  SMITH'S  FREDERIC  WILLIAM 
MAITLAND. 


No.  4197,  April  4,  1908 


THE    ATHENAEUM 


429 


MR, 


EDWARD  ARNOLD'S 
NEW    BOOKS. 


THIRD  LARGE  IMPRESSION. 

NEW  NOVEL  BY  THE  AUTHOR  OF 
'THE  JUNGLE.' 

THE    METROPOLIS. 

By    UPTON    SINCLAIR. 

British  Week!)/.—"  Mr.  Sinclair  describes  for  us  without 
preaching  the  social  life  of  the  very  rich  in  New  York. 
Nothing  could  be  more  awful  than  his  delineation." 

THE  WAYS   OF  REBELLION. 

Bv  REGINALD  FARRER, 
Author  of  '  The  Home  of  Shadows,'  &c.  6s. 
Pall  Mall  Gazette.  —  "  An  extremely  ingenious  and 
thoughtful  piece  of  work,  merciless  and  contemptuous  in 
its  exposure  of  the  weaknesses,  follies,  and  pettinesses 
which,  as  the  author  finds  or  imagines,  infect  the  class 
we  dub  the  Upper  Ten." 

Liverpool  Daily  Post.—"  Mr.  Reginald  Farrer  is  cleverness 
itself,  and  once  more  he  dazzles  us  by  his  brilliance." 

NOW  READY  AT  ALL   BOOKSELLERS'  AND 
LIBRARIES. 

GEORGE   RIDDING, 

Schoolmaster  and  Bishop, 

Forty-third  Headmaster  of  Winchester,  1886-1881 ; 

First  Bishop  of  Southwell,  1884-1904. 

By  his  Wife,  Lady  LAURA  RIDDING. 

With  Illustrations.     1  vol.  demy  8vo,  15s.  net. 

Daily  Telegraph. — "  To  read  of  such  a  man's  career  is  in 

itself  an  education,  and  there  will  be   many  readers  who 

will  derive  stimulus  and  encouragement  from  so  healthy 

and  devoted  a  record." 

Globe.— "The  biography  is  a  model  of  what  such  a  work 
should  be." 

MISS  LOANE'S  NEW  BOOK. 

FROM  THEIR  POINT  OF  VIEW 

By  M.  LOANE, 
Author  of '  TheNext  Street  but  One,'  'The  Queen's  Poor,'&c. 
Crown  8vo,  6.?. 
Spectator. — "The  best  way  to  review  one  of  Miss  Loane's 
books  is  to  tell  people  to  go  and  read  It  and  study  it,  and 
in  doing  this  no  reviewer  need  feel  that  he  is  imposing  a 
hard  task  upon  his  readers.  Like  all  Miss  Loane's  books, 
her  latest  volume  is  brimming  over  with  good  stories  and 
racy  reflections." 

NEW  EDITION. 

TURKEY    IN    EUROPE. 

Bv  Sir  CHARLES  ELIOT,  K.C.M.G.  ("  Odysseus"). 
A    New   Edition,    with    Additional    Chapters    on    Recent 
Events. 
Large  crown  8vo,  7s.  6d.  net. 

NEW    SCIENTIFIC    WORKS. 
POWER  GAS  PRODUCERS.    Their 

Design  and  Application.  By  P.  W.  ROBSON, 
of  the  National  Gas  Engine  Co.,  Ltd.  Illustrated. 
Demy  8vo,  10j.  6rf.  net. 

HYDRAULICS.      By    F.    C.    Lea, 

B.Sc.  A.M.Inst.C.E.,  Lecturer  in  Applied  Mechanics 
and  Engineering  Design,  City  and  Guilds  of  London 
Central  Technical  College.  548  pp.  Demy  8vo,  18*. 
net. 

WOOD.     A  Manual    of  the  Natural 

History  and  Industrial  Applications  of  the  Timbers 
of  Commence.  By  Prof.  BOULGER.  New  and 
Revised  Edition,  with  Additional  Plates.  Demy  8vo, 
12».  6d.  net. 

THE  CHEMISTRY  OF  THE  DIAZO- 

COMPOUNDS.  By  JOHN  CANNELL  CAIN,  D.Sc. 
(Manchester  and  Tubingen}.  Editor  of  the.  Publications 
of  the  f  hemical  Society.     Demy  8vo,  10*.  Gd.  net. 

THE   INFLUENCE  OF  ALCOHOL 

AND  OTHER  DltCHS  ON  FATIGUE.  By  W.  II. 
BIVBRS,  M.I).  F.R.C.P.  F.R.S..  Lecturer  in  Physio- 
logical and  Bxperimental  Psychology  at  Cambridge 
University.     Royal  BVO,  8*.  not. 

MOVABLE  KIDNEY :  its  Pathology, 

Symptoms,  and  Treatment.  By  H.  W.  WILSON.  MB. 
l.ind.  F.R.C.S.Bng.,  Demonstrator  of  Anatomy. 
st,  Bartholomew's  Hospital  ;  and  C.  M.  HINDS 
HOWELL,  MA.  M.B.  M.R.C.P.Lond.,  Junior  Demon' 
■trator  of  "Physiology,  St.  Bartholomew ' I  Hospital 
Demy  8vo,  4*.  fw.  no*. 

EDWARD  ARNOLD, 

London  :    41  and  43,  Maddux  Streot,  W. 


SMITH,  ELDER  &C0.'S  NEW  BOOKS 

— • — 

MEMOIRS  OF  FIELD-MARSHAL 

Sir  HENRY  NORMAN 

By  Sir  WILLI AM^LEE  WARNER,  K. C.S.I. 
With  Portraits  and  Maps.     14-s.  net. 

Daily  Telegraph. — "  The  story  of  a  man  of  remarkable 
ability  and  of  remarkable  personal  charm,  told  in  a  simple, 
dignified,  and  deeply  interesting  fashion." 

READY  TUESDAY  NEXT,     With  2  Portraits. 
Crown  8vo,  7s.  6d.  net. 

THE  LIFE  AND  LETTERS  OF 
ROBERT  BROWNING. 

By  Mrs.  SUTHERLAND  ORR. 

NEW  AND  CHEAPER  EDITION.  Revised  and  in  parts 
rewritten,  with  a  Preface  and  an  Appendix  on  the 
Portraits,  by  FREDERIC  G.  KENYON,  D.Litt.,  late 
Fellow  of  Magdalen  College,  Oxford. 

ON  APRIL  10.    With  a  Portrait.    8s.  6d.  net. 

MEMORIES    OF    MEN    AND 
BOOKS. 

By  Rev.  Prof.  ALFRED  JOHN  CHURCH,  M.A., 

Author    of    'Stories     from     Homer,    &c.,'    'Two 

Thousand  Years  Ago,'  &c. 

ON  APRIL  10.      With  Cover  Design,  Map,  and 
12  pages  of  Illustrations.     5s.  net. 

THE  PASSING  OF  MOROCCO. 

By  FREDERICK  MOORE, 
Author  of    'The  Balkan  Trail.' 

NEW   6/-   NOVELS. 


THE  GREY  KNIGHT : 

An  Autumn  Love  Story. 
By  Mrs.  HENRY  DE  LA  PASTURE, 

Author  of  '  Peter's  Mother,'  Ac.       [April  9. 

CROSSRIGGS. 

By  MARY  and  JANE  FINDLATER, 

Authors  of  'A  Blind  Bird's  Nest,'  'The  Green  Graves  of 
Balgowrie,'  &c.  [April  10. 

DANRIACH:  socialist 

By  the  AUTHOR  of  'MISS  MOLLY.' 

THE  ALIEN  SISTERS 

By  Mrs.  PERCY  DEARMER, 

Author  of  '  The  Difficult  Way,'  '  Brown.john's.'ic. 

RE-ISSUE    OF 

THE  DICTIONARY  OF 
NATIONAL    BIOGRAPHY. 

Edited     by     LESLIE    STEPHEN    and 
SIDNEY    LEE. 

In    Twenty-two    Volumes. 

Cloth,  gilt  top,  15S.   net  ouch  ;  or  half -morocco, 

marbled*  edges,  218*  net  each. 

VOLUME     II.     (BEAL-BROWELL) 

READY  ON  FRIDAY  NEXT. 

Daily  TkUorap/i,    "  In  welcoming  this  new  and  marvel- 

lon-.lv  cheap i  reissue,  which  will  QOSt  only  one-third  of  its 
original  price  and  OOOUpy  only  one-third  of  the  shell  space, 
we  may  say  thai  DO  public  reference  library  will  in  future 
be  WTOrthj  Of  tho  name,  that  doCH  not,  contain  I  he 
'  Dictionary  '  in  one  or  other  of  its  forms." 

London:    SMITH,    KLDKU   &    CO. 


MESSRS.  LONGMANS  &  C0.S 

LIST. 

With  1  Portrait  and  6  other  Illustrations. 
Medium  8vo,  9s.  6d.  net. 

BOMBAY  IN  THE 
DAYS  OF  GEORGE  IV. 

MEMOIRS  OF  SIR  EDWARD  WEST. 

CHIEF  JUSTICE  OF  THE  KING'S  COURT  DURING" 
ITS  CONFLICT  WITH  THE  EAST  INDIA  COMPANY. 

With  hitherto    Unpublished   Documents. 
By  F.   DAWTREY    DREWITT,    M.A.    M.D. 

ATHENAEUM. 

"Justice  has  at  last  been  done  to  the  Indian- 
career  of  Edward  West  and  the  good  fight  he 
fought.  The  book  will  be  of  use  to  the  historian 
on  account  of  the  important  material  it  contains." 

THE  TIMES  OF  INDIA  (Leading  Article). 
"It  would  be  difficult  for  any  one  to  whom' 
Bombay  is  anything  more  than  a  place  of  only 
contemporary  interest  to  resist  the  attraction  of  a 
book  that  has  just  been  published — Dr.  Drewitt's 
'  Bombay  in  the  Days  of  George  the  Fourth.'" 

BY  THE  RECENTLY  APPOINTED 
AMERICAN  AMBASSADOR  TO  BERLIN' 

A  HISTORY  OF  DIPLOMACY 

IN  THE  INTERNATIONAL 
DEVELOPMENT  OF  EUROPE. 

By   DAVID   JAYNE   HILL,    LL.D. 

Vol.  I.  THE  STRUGGLE  FOR  UNIVERSAL  EMPIRE. 
With  5  Coloured  Maps,  Chronological  Tables  of  Emperors, 
Popes,  and  Rulers  ;  List  of  Treaties  and  other  Public  Act*, 
and  Index.     Medium  8vo,  16s.  net. 

Vol.  II.  THE  ESTABLISHMENT  OF  TERRITORIAL 
SOVEREIGNTY.  With  4  Coloured  Maps,  Chronological' 
Tables,  &c.     Medium  Svo,  18.«.  net. 

%*    Other    Volumes   are   in  preparation. 

ATBBNJBUM. 

"  Dr.  Hill  shows  himself  admirably  equipped  for  the  task 
which  he  has  undertaken,  and  the  bibliographies  at  the  end 
of  each  chapter  are  as  a  rule  admirably  done,  exhibiting 
a  competent  knowledge  of  continental  scholarship." 

A  MIND   THAT  FOUND  ITSELF. 

An  Autobiography.  By  CLIFFORD  WHITTING HAM 
BEERS.  With  Recommendatory  Letters  by  Prof. 
WILLIAM  JAMES,  Harvard  University.  Crown  Svo, 
T.s'.  Cut  net  (postage  5rf.). 

This  is  a  genuine  account,  by  a  patient  irho  has 
Jully  recovered  his  mental  faculties,  of  tiro  years' 
experience  as  a  lunatic  in  one  of  the  State  Asylums 
of  the  United  State*. 

"  It  is  a  book  which,  once  taken  up,  will  certainly  not  be 
replaced  on  the  bookshelf  until  every  page  has  been  read. 

It  is  certainly  a  book  that  should  be  studied  by  every 

member  of  an  asylums  committee,  and  by  every  physician 
and  nurse  brought  into  contact  with  the  mentally  afflicted. 
In  style  and  temper  it  is  irreproachable."— Daily  Mail. 

THE  TRADE  AND  ADMINISTRA- 

TION  OF  THE  CHINESE  EMPIRE.  By  HOSBA 
BALLOU  MORSE,  Commissioner  of  Customs  and 
statistical  Secretary,  Inspectorate-General  of  Customs, 
China.  With  Illustrations,  Maps,  and  Diagrams.  Svo, 
T.v.  Gi\  net  (postage  M.) 
The  hook  is  intended  to  portray  the  pram/  state  or 

the  Chinese  Empire,  with  such  record  of  the  p<i*t  as 
trill  show  hy  what  process  of  evolution  the  existing 

state  has  hmt  reached, 

CHEAP  IMPRESSION. 

THE  JENEID  OF  VIRGIL  TRANS- 

LATED     INTO     ENGLISH     VERSE.       By    JOHN 

CONINOTON,    M.A.,    late    Corpus   Professor  of  Latin 

iii  the  University  of  Oxford.  Crown  Bto,  1a  ui.  net, 
(pottage  4i/.) 

LONGMANS,    GREEN   ft    CO., 
39,     Paternoster     Row,     London,     E.G. 


4:i<» 


Til  E     ATHENjEUM 


No.  4197,  April  4,  1908 


DAVID        NUTT, 

57-59,  LONG  ACRE. 


JUST  OUT. 

FOLKLORE. 

TRANSACTIONS  OK  THE  FOLK-LORE 
SOCIETY. 

A  Quarterly  Review  of  Myth,  Tradition,  Institu- 
tion, and  Custom. 

Vol.  XIX.     No.   1.     5s.  net. 

Contents. 
Presidential  Address. 

Local  Traditions  of  the  Quantocks.  The  Rev. 
C.  W.  Whistlkk,  M.R.C.S.  L.S.A.  With 
Map  (Plate  I.). 

Some  Noteson  Homeric  Folk-Lore.  W.  Crooke. 

Collectanea:— The  Lazy  Wife:  A  Manx  Folk- 
Tale.  Sophia  Morrison. — Notes  on  Some 
Amulets  of  the  Three  Magi  Kings.  W.  L. 
HiLDBURdii. — Amulets  used  in  Lincolnshire. 
Mabel  Peacock. — Sundry  Notes  from  West 
Somerset  and  Devon.  C.  W.  Whistler.— 
Putting  Life  into  an  Idol.  G.  H.  Skip  with. 
—A  Pin-Offering.  G.  Montagu  Benton  — 
Notes  on  Some  Customs  of  the  Bangala  Tribe, 
Upper  Congo.    J.  H.  Weeks. 

Correspondence :— The  Progress  of  Folk-lore 
Study  in  Finland.  K.  Krohn.— The  Sociology 
of  the  Arranda  and  Chingalee  Tribes  (Northern 
Territory,  Australia).  R.  H.  Mathews.— 
Folk-lore  Fiction :  a  Warning.  Rendel  Harris. 
— The  Fifth  of  November  and  Guy  Fawkes 
(with  PI.  II.).  Edith  F.  Carey.— Folk-lore  of 
Aristotle.  T.  East  Lones.— Opening  Windows 
to  Aid  the  Release  of  the  Soul.  J.  Ceredig- 
Davies.— Fishers'  Folk-lore.     D.  Townshend. 

Obituary  : — Frederick  Thomas  Elworthy.  Sir 
E.  W.  Brabrook. 

Reviews* — Paul Sebillot,  'LeFolk-Lorede France.' 
E.  S  Hartland.— Prof.  E.  B.  Cowell,  'The 
Jataka,  or  Stories  of  the  Buddha's  former 
Births.'  W.  Crookk.  —  Sister  Nevedita 
(Margaret  E.  Noble),  *  Cradle  Tales  of  Hindu- 
ism.' W.  Crooke.— Capt.  W.  F.  O'Connor. 
'Folk-Tales  from  Tibet.'  A.  R.  Wright.— 
W.  Jenkyn  Thomas,  « The  Welsh  Fairy  Book.' 
Alfred  Nutt.  —  '  Popular  Handbooks  of 
Religions.'  W.  Crooke.  —  •  Short  Biblio- 
graphical Notices.'  N.  W.  Thomas,  W.  F. 
Kirby,  Editor. 

N.B. — Members  of  the  Folk-Lore  Society  receive 
FOLK-LORE  gratis  in  addition  to  the  extra 
volume  of  the  year.  The  Annual  Subscription  is 
11.  la.  A  New  List  of  the  Publications  of  the  Folk- 
Lore  Society  (Nos.  L-LXI.)  has  just  been  printed, 
and  may  be  had  on  application  to  the  Publisher. 


THE  IRISH  UNIVERSITY  BILL. 

In  view  of  the  introduction  of  the  Irish  University 
Bill,  attention  is  called  to  Mr.  Frank  Hugh 
O'Donnell's  Denunciation  of  Ecclesiastical  Control 
■of  Higher  Education,  entitled 

THE  RUIN  OF  IRISH  EDUCATION. 

Demy  8vo,  cloth,  5s.  net. 
AT   ALL   LIBRARIES   AND  BOOKSELLERS". 

KATHLEEN.    A  Novel.    By  W. 

FERGUS  GRAHAM.     Crown  8vo,  cloth,  6s. 
First  Press  Notices. 

"A  delightful  love  story Mr.  Graham's  book 

is  excellently  written,  and  will  make  him  popular 
with  a  large  circle  of  readers." — Dundee  Advertiser. 

"  The  most  attractive  features  of  the  book  are 
the  author's  quiet  and  gently  sarcastic  humour 
and  hie  pleasant  knack  of  hitting  off  the  foibles 
and  peculiarities  of  ordinary  everyday  people." 

Country  Life. 


FROM  SEELEY  &  CO.  S  LIST. 


With  i>  IlluMr.iti..n*.      Demy  bvo,  7s.  Od.  not. 

AN  APOSTLE  OF  THE  NORTH 

Memoirs  of  the  Right  Rev.  W.  C.  BOMPAS, 

First  Bihhop  of  Athabasca.  &c. 

By  the  Rev.  H.  A.  CODY. 

Rector  of  Christchureh,  Whitohorse,  Y.T. 

With  an  Introduction  by  the  An-hbp.  of  BUPEBTS  LAND. 

"  A  record  to  make  tho  heart  young." 

Cm i' ii(  it  Times. 
"  A  deeply  interesting  book  illustrated  with  many 
striking  photographs. ,r—  Daily  UkaI'IIIC. 

BY  THE  BI8HOP  OP  DURHAM. 

CHRIST'S  WITNESS 

TO  THE  LIFE  TO   COME, 

And  other  Sermons. 

By  the  Right  Rev.  H.  C.  G.  MOULE,  D.D. 
Crown  8vo,  3s.  6d. 

THE     MINIATURE     PORTFOLIO     MONOGRAPHS. 

New  Volume. 

JAPANESE  WOOD  ENGRAVINGS. 

By  Professor  W.  ANDERSON. 
With  48  Illustrations.  lGmo,  cloth,  2s.  net ;  lambskin,  3*.  net. 

THE    STANDARD    LIBRARY. 

NEW    EDITIONS,   extra  crown   8vo. 
With  8  Illustrations.     2s.  6d.  net. 
FANNY  BURNEY  AND   HER  FRIENDS. 
By  L.  B.  SEELEY. 

ROUND  MY  HOUSE.     By  P.  G.  Hamerton. 

CHEAP  EDITION. 

EDINBURGH.      By  R.  L.  Stevenson.      With 
Illustrations.     Demy  8vo,  sewed,  6cf.  net ;  cloth,  Is. 

BY  SIR  AUCKLAND  COLVIN,  K.C.S.L 

THE    MAKING    OF    MODERN     EGYPT. 

With  Portraits  and  a  Map.   Fourth  Edition.  DemySvo, 
18s.  net. 
"  Should  take  rank  as  the  standard  history  of  our  labours 
in  Egypt."—  Spectator. 

London :  SEELEY  &  CO.,  Ltd.,  Gt.  Russell  Street. 


NOTICE. 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 

THE    VOLUME 
JULY  to  DECEMBER,  1907, 

WITH  THE 

INDEX, 

Price  10 s.  6c?., 
18    NOW    READY. 

%•  The  INDEX  separately,  price  Gd, ; 
by  post,  6%d. 

Also  Cases  for  Binding,  price  Is. ; 
by  post,  Is.  2d. 


JOHN  C.  FRANCIS  &  J.  EDWARD  FRANCIS, 
Notes  and  Queries  Office,  Bream's  Buildings,  E.C. 


MUDIE'S 

A  large  Selection  of 
Recent  Popular  Works 
(100,000  volumes)  to 
be  Cleared  at  Enormou- 
Reductions. 

March  30— April  16 
ANNUAL  STOCK  TAKING 

SALE. 

WRITE,  or  CALL  EARLY,  for  CATALOGUES. 


MUDIE'S    SELECT    LIBRARY,    Ltd., 
30  to  34,  New  Oxford  Street,  W.C. 

Branches  :  48,  Queen  Victoria  Street,  E.C.  ; 
241,  Bronipton  Road,  S.W. 


ELEVENTH    EDITION    NOW    READY. 
Price  Two  Shilling!  net. 

pELESTIAL    MOTIONS:    a    Handy    Book    of 

\J     Astronomy.      Eleventh  Edition.     With  6  Plates.     By  W.  T. 
LYNN,  B.A.  F.R.A.S. 
"Well  known  as  one  of  our  best  introductions  to  astronomy" 

(ruartiuuk 
London  : 
SAMUEL  EAGSTER  &  SONS,  Limited.  15,  Paternoster  Row. 


Insurant-*  (Eonvpanifa. 

RATIONAL 

pROVIDENT 

INSTITUTION 

FOR 

MUTUAL     LIFE      ASSURANCE. 

Established  1S35. 

ASSURANCE    AND   INVESTMENT. 

Write  for  Leaflet  on  net  cost  of  Endowment  Assurances. 
48,  Gracechurch  Street,  London,  E.C. 

Applications  for  Agencies  invited. 

ACCIDENTS  OF  ALL  KINDS,  SICKNESS, 
EMPLOYERS'  LIABILITY,  BURCxLARY,  AND 
FIDELITY  GUARANTEE  RISKS 

INSURED  AGAINST  DY  THE 

"RAILWAY  PASSENGERS'  ASSURANCE  CO. 

Capital  ifully  subscribed)  f 1.000,000.         Claims  paid  *S. 400,000. 


CORNHILL,  LONDON. 


A.  VIAN.  Secretary. 


No.  4197,  April  4,  1908 


THE    ATHEN^UM 


431 


THE    LIFE    AND    WORKS    OF 

Professor  MAX  MULLER. 

■■  »  - 

THE  LIFE  AND  LETTERS 

OF  THE  RIGHT  HON. 

FRIEDRICH    MAX    MULLER. 

Edited  by  his  Wife. 

With  6  Photogravure  Illustrations  (3  Portraits). 

2  vols.     8vo,  32s.  net. 

MY  AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 

With   6   Portraits.        8vo,    12s.    6c?. 

AULD  LANG  SYNE.  Second  Series. 

8vo,  10s.  6c?. 

CONTRIBUTIONS   TO   THE 
SCIENCE     OF    MYTHOLOGY. 

2  vols.    8vo,  32s. 

THE  SCIENCE   OF  THOUGHT. 

8vo,  21s. 

DEUTSCHE  LIEBE  (German  Love). 

Fragments  from  the  Papers  of  an  Alien. 

Collected  by  F.  MAX  MULLER. 

Translated  from  the  C4erman  by  G.  A.  M. 

Crown  8vo,  gilt  top,  5s. 

COLLECTED   WORKS. 

20  vols.     Crown  8vo. 

Vol.  I.  NATURAL   RELIGION:   the  Gifford 

Lectures,  1888.    5*. 

Vol.  II.  PHYSICAL  RELIGION  :  the  Gifford 

Lectures,  1890.    5s. 

Vol.  III.  ANTHROPOLOGICAL  RELI- 
GION :  the  Gifford  Lectures,  1891.    5s. 

Vol.  IV.  THEOSOPHY;  or,  Psychological 
Religion  :  the  Gifford  Lectures,  1892.    5*. 

CHIPS  FROM  A  GERMAN  WORKSHOP. 

4  vols. 
Vol.  V.  Recent  Essays  and  Addresses.    5s 
Vol.  VI.  Biographical  Essays.    5s. 
Vol.  VII.  Essays  on  Language  and  Literature.    5s. 
Vol.  VIII.  Essays  on  Mythology  and  Folk-lore.    5s. 

Vol.  IX.    THE    ORIGIN    AND    GROWTH 

OF    RELIGION,  as  illustrated  by  the    Religions  of 
India  :  the  Hibbert  Lectures,  1878.    5s. 

Vol.  X.  BIOGRAPHIES  OF  WORDS  AND 

THE  HOME  OF  THE  ARYAS.     5s. 

Vols.  XL,  XII.  THE  SCIENCE  OF  LAN- 
GUAGE: Founded  on  Lectures  delivered  at  the  Royal 
Institution  in  1861  and  1863.    2  vols.    5s.  each. 

Vol.  XIII.  INDIA  :  What  can  it  Teach  Us?    5s. 

Vol.  XIV.    INTRODUCTION    TO    THE 

SCIENCE  OF  RELIGION.    Four  Lectures,  1870.     5s. 

Vol.  XV.  RAMAKfi/SHVA :  his  Life  and  Say- 
ings.   6s. 

Vol.  XVI.  THREE    LECTURES  ON    THE 

VKDANTA  PHILOSOPHY,  1894.     5s. 

Vol.  XVII.  LAST  ESSAYS.  First  Sories. 
I     -ays  on  Language,  Folk-lore,  &c.     5s. 

Vol.  XVIII.  LAST  ESSAYS.  Second  Series. 
Essays  on  the  Science  of  Religion.     5*. 

Vol.  XIX.  THE  SIX  SYSTEMS  OF  INDIAN 

PHILOSOPHY.     7s.6d.net. 

V  !    XX.  THE    SILESIAN    HORSEHERD 

('DAS    PFEUDEBURLA'):    Questions  of    the    Hour 
Answered.    6». 


THE     HOUSE     OF 

CASSELL 


LONGMANS,  (;REEN  &  CO. 
39,  Paternoster  Row,  London,  E.C. 


Byways    of    Collecting 

By   ETHEL  DEANE 

(Editress  of   'The    Queen') 

With        73         Illustrations 

7s.  6d.  net 

u  The  pages  are  full  of  shrewd 
hints  and  fine  illustrations, 
and  they  show  the  way  to  other 
people  intent  on  acquiring  rare 
and  beautiful  objects  without 
straining  the  resources  of  even 
a      modest     purse."   —  Standard. 


Familiar  Swiss  Flowers 

By 
F.  E.  HULM  E,  F.L  S.  F.  S.  A. 

With   100    Coloured    Plates 

from  Original   Drawings   by 

the    Author.         7s.    6d.    net 

[Heady  April  10 

IT  The  book  introduces  those  who 
turn  over  its  pages  to  many 
very  interesting  flowers  and  plants 
to  be  found  either  in  the  low- 
lands  or  highlands   of  Switzerland. 


The  Townsman's  Farm 

By    "HOME    COUNTIES" 

6s.  net 

IT  The  volume  deals  in  a  practical 
manner  with  the  cultivation  of 
land  for  pleasure  and  profit.  The 
method  of  getting  a  trainingon  farms 
and  agriculturalcolleges  is  furnished. 
What  can  be  done  in  fruit-grow- 
ing, market  gardening,  poultry- 
keeping,    &c  ,    is    fully    dealt    with. 


Gardening  for   Women 

By  Hon. 

FRANCES        WOLSELEY 

With  numerous  Illustrations 

5s.  net 

"  Full  from  beginning  to  end  of 
useful  information  and  encourage- 
ment  The   business-like  lucidity 

of  Miss  Wolseley's  style  is  ad- 
mirable. The  illustrations,  which 
are  photographed  from  the 
garden  themselves,  are  both  beau- 
tiful     and     instructive."  —  Tatler 


Lord    Beaconsfield 

and     other      Tory      Memories 

By     T.     E.      K  E  B  B  E  L 

Popular  Edition,   with    Por- 
trait   Frontispiece.      6s.    net 

"An  easy,  well-bred,  well-informed 
volume  of  political  and  social 
gossip,  written  with  admirable 
taste  and  good  humour." — Standard 


CASSELL     &     CO.,     Ltd.,     LONDON,      E.C. 


FRANCO-BRITISH 
EXHIBITION,  loos. 

SHEPHERD'S    BUSH. 


MAY  to  OCTOBER. 


THE  GREATEST  EXHIBITION 
EVER  HELD  IN  LONDON, 

DEMONSTRATING  TO  THE  WORLD 

The  Products  and  Resources  of  the  British 
Empire,  and  of  France  and  her  Colonies. 


HIS  MAJESTY  THE  KINO   HAS  EXPRESSED  HIS 
WARM  APPROVAL  OF  THE  EXHIBITION. 


THE  DUKE  OF  ARGYLE,  K.T.,  Honorary  President. 
THE  EARL  OF  DERBY,  K.G.,  President. 
Vice-Presidents — The  Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  the  Duke 
of  Bedford,  the  Marquis  of  Lansdowne,  Earl  Cadogan,  Earl 
Cromer,  Earl  Egerton  of  Tatton,  the  Earl  of  Jersey,  the- 
Earl  of  Minto,  Viscount  Knutsford,  Lord  Avebury,  Lord 
Rothschild,  Lord  Strathcona,  Sir  Ernest  Cassel,  and  the 
Lord  Mayor  of  London. 
VISCOUNT  SELBY,  Chairman  Executive  Committee. 
SIR  JOHN  A.  COCKBURN,  Vice-Chairman  Executive- 
Committee. 
LORD  BLYTH,  Chairman  Organizing  Committee. 
LORD  WELBY,  Chairman  Finance  Committee. 
LORD  DESBOROUGH,  President  Olympic  Games,  and 
Chairman  Sports  in  the  Great  Stadium. 
Commissioner-General— IMRE  KIRALFY,  Esq. 
Chairmen  of  Group  Committees : 


Charles  C.  Allom,  Esq. 
Sir  Hugh  Bell,  Bart. 
The  Earl  of  Bessborough 
Sir  Alexander  Binnie. 
H.  Cosmo  Bonsor,  Esq. 
Frank  Debenham,  Esq. 
Maurice  Deacon,  Esq. 
James  Dixon,  Esq. 
Dr.  Francis  Elgar. 
Dr.  R.  T.  Glazebrook. 
Prof.  W.  Gowland. 
H.  Percy  Harris,  Esq. 
Henry  E.  Jones,  Esq 


Sir  William  Lee  Warner. 

Sir  Thomas  J.  Lipton,  Bart. 

Sir  Norman  Lockyer. 

Sir  William  Mather. 

Sir  Charles  McLaren,  Bart, 

Alfred  Mond,  Esq. 

Sir  Edward  J.  Poynter. 

Lieut. -Col.  D.  Grain. 

T.  Hurry  Riches,  Esq. 

Sir  Boverton  Redwood. 

Sir  Clifton  Robinson. 

Sir  C.  E.  Howard  Vincent. 

The  Lord  Weardale. 


Sir  William  H.  White. 

RELATIVE  AREAS  OF  EXHIBITIONS. 

Great  Exhibition  in  London,  1851     . .  { ^  %™  :building3. 

International  Exhibition,  London,  1862 1  jg|  ™™  buildings. 
FRANCO-BRITISH    EXHIBITION,  1 140  acres ;  over 
1908        . .        . .        :  . .        . .  \  40  acres  buildings. 

Four  of  the  best  British  and  French  Military  BANDS 
will  perform  daily.  The  MOST  NOVEL  and  REFINED 
ATTRACTIONS  ever  [presented  in  London  will  be  placed 
in  the  Pleasure  Gardens  of  the  Exhibition. 

SEASON  TICKETS,  for  Ladies  or  Gentlemen,  11.  Is. 
each  ;  for  Children  under  12,  10s.  6d.  each.  Now  on  sale 
at  all  the  principal  Agencies  and  Libraries.  These  Ticket.* 
will  also  admit  on  the  Opening  Day  of  the  Exhibition,  and 
to  the  Dedication  of  the  Stadium. 

THE  GARDEN  CLUB.    In  the  Central  Gardens. 

Ladies  as  well  as  Gentlemen  are  eligible  for  Membership. 

Subscription  :  Gentlemen,  SI.  3s. ;  Ladies,  21.  2*. 

Membership  of  this  Club  includes  admission  to  the 
Exhibition. 

The  ALLOTMENT  of  Exhibit  SPACE  in  the  various 
Exhibition  Halls  is  now  approaching  completion.  CON- 
CESSIONS for  the  erection  of  PAVILIONS  in  the  various 
Gardens  of  the  Exhibition  for  the  Sale  of  Confectionery, 
Cigars,  Cigarettes,  and  Tobacco,  and  numerous  other  Con- 
cessions, are  now  being  concluded.  Exhibitors  and  Con- 
cessionaires desirous  of  securing  the  remaining  available 
space  should  apply  immediately  to  the  Secretary. 

EXCURSIONS  from  all  parts  of  the  UNITED  KINGDOM 
and  the  CONTINENT  are  now  being  arranged. 

Educational,  Scientific,  and  other  CONGRESSES  and 
CONKKKKN'CKS  will  be  held  in  the  Congress  Halls. 

Full  particulars  on  application  to  the  Secretary, 
56,  Victoria  Street,  Westminster,  S.W. 

THE  OLYMPIC  GAMES, 
In  which  22  Nations  Compete,  will  take  place  in  the  Great 
Stadium,  capable  of  holding  over  100,000  people. 
INTERNATIONAL  AND  NATIONAL  SPORTS. 
ALL-BRITISH  OLYMPIC TUI A I.s.    CHAMPIONSHIPS. 
Amateur  Athletic  Assoc.  Amateur  Swimming  Assoc. 

National  Cyclists'  Union.         Koyal  Life-Saving  Society. 
Auto  Cycle  Union.  National  Wrestling  a 

Amateur  Fencing  Assoc.         London  Private  Fire  Brigades, 
National  Physical  ttatieation  So 

Finrhley.    Polytechnic,     BighgatO,    and     (Jtioen's     Park 

Harriers,  Essex  Beagles,  Amateur  Swimming  Club,  and 
Zephyr  Swimming  Club,  Ac,  itc,  Sports'  Meeting,  and 
many  other  Meetings,  beforeand  after  the  Olympic  Games. 


132 


Til  E     A  Til  KXJKUM 


No.  4197,  April  4,  1908 


IMPORTANT     NEW     PUBLICATIONS. 


NOW  READY. 

MR.    SWINBURNE'S    NEW    DRAMA. 

THE     DUKE     OF     GANDIA. 

Crown  8vo,  buckram,  5s. 
LARGE  PAPER  EDITION  (limited  u>  100  Numbered  Copies).     Demy  8vo, 

buckram.      Uniform  with  the  Collected  Edition,  10s.  net. 


THE   RHINE.      By  H.  J.  Mackindee.     Fully  illustrated  after 

Wat  cr  -Colours  by  Mrs.  JAM  KS  .JARDINK,  with  two  Folding  Maps  in  Colour,  and 
Index.     Large  fcap.  410(9  by  6i  in.),  gilt  top,  20s.  net. 

"  We  commend  this  hook  as  a  unique  guide  to  the  essentials  of  both  European  geo- 
graphy and  history . .     Without  abating  one  jot  of  his  scientific  purpose,  Mr.  Mackinder 
has  succeeded  in  making  his  narrative  as  fascinating  as  a  romance." — Spectator. 
Illustrated  Prospectus  post  free  on  application. 

THE    GREATER  ABBEYS    OF   ENGLAND.     By  the 

Eight  Rev.  ABBOT  QASQUET.  Being  some  .account— Historical  and,  in  reference 
to  their  remains,  'Topographical— of  the  Greater  Monastic  Houses  of  Knglaud.  With 
60  Illustrations  after  Water  Colours  by  WARWICK  GOBLE.  Large  fcap.  4to,  cloth, 
gilt  top,  20s.  net.    Also  a  limited  Large-Paper  Edition,  42s.  net.  [May  I. 

Illustrated  Prospectus  post  free  on  application. 

FROM  THE  FORELAND  TO  PENZANCE :   the  Ports 

and  Harbours  of  the  South  Coast.  By  CLIVE  HOLLAND.  Fully  Illus- 
trated after  Water-Colours  by  MAURICE  RANDALL.  Large  fcap.  4to,  cloth,  gilt 
top,  12s.  6d.  net.    Also  a  limited  number  of  Large-Paper  Copies,  21s.  net. 

[Heady  shortly. 
Long  before  "Drake  sailed  the  Main"  the  Harbours  and  Ports  of  the  South  Coast 
were  old  with  history.     Rye  and  Winehelsea  are  now  far  from  reach  of  high  water,  but 
their  name  remains,  although  Ports  unknown  to  the  world  in  their  day  are  now  undisputed 
•controllers  of  the  channel  and  its  ships. 

Illustrated  Prospectus  post  free  on  application. 

CAIRO,  JERUSALEM,  AND  DAMASCUS :  Three  Chief 

Cities  of  the  Egyptian  Sultans.  By  D.  S.  MARGOLIOUTH,  D.Litt.  Illus- 
trated in  Colour  bv  W.  8.  8.  TYRWH1TT,  R.B.A.,  and  REGINALD  BARRATT, 
A.R.W.S.    20s.  net. 

"One  of  those  comparatively  few  works  that  are  both  learned  and  readable The 

colour  treatment  is  particularly  masterly. .  ..This  reproduction  of  the  very  atmosphere  of 
the  East  is  a  very  distinct  artistic  triumph." — Glasgow  Herald. 

Illustrated  Prospectus  post  free  on  application. 


THE   WORKS   OF   JANE   AUSTEN. 

In  1(1  vols.,  ea<-li   Illu«trat-<l  wf th   l'l  BepmdnetioOS  lifter  Wat«-r  <  \      A  HUM 

MILLK    The  Text  rerbed,  with  Bibliographical  and  Biographical  Note*,  bj  B.  BRIMLKY 
JOHNSON. 

HANDY    VOLUME    EDITION.      LABQE    TYPE. 

small  crown  bw>,  eoloand  tops,  eloUi,  « it li  ipei  ial  binding  design  and  Coloared  Bad- 
Papers,  3».  6d.  net  per  vol. 

Vols.  I.  and  II.  PRIDE   AND    PREJUDICE. 

Vols.  III.  and  IV.       SENSE   AND   SENSIBILITY. 

( lirady  shortly. 

BALLADS  AND   LYRICS    OF    LOVE     Edited,   with  an 

Introduction  and  Notes,  by  I.  BIDOWICK.    Chiefly  selected  from  '  Percy '«  Rail 

Illustrated  with  io  Full -Page  Beproductiona  after  the  Water-Coloura  by  byam 
suaw,  R.I.    Large  fcap.  4to,  large  type,  gilt  tops,  cloth,  6s.  net     Also  250  noe- 

bered   copies    on    Linen    Paper,    the    Plates    mounted,   bound    whole    parchment, 
12s.  6d.  net.  [May  1. 

Illustrated  Prospectus  post  free. 


MARIE  DE  MEDICIS  AND  THE  COURT  OF  FRANCE 

DURING  THE  XVIIth  CENTURY.  Authorized  BngUsfa  Version,  Trans- 
lated from  the  French  of  M.  LOUIS  BATIFEOL  by  MARY  KING,  under  the 
Superintendence  of  H.  W.  C.  DAVIS,  Fellow  of  Balliol  Ollege.  Oxford.  With 
Collotype  Frontispiece  after  a  rare  Engraving  of  the  Queen,  dated  1601.  Demy  8vo, 
cloth,  7s.  6d.  net.  \Karly  in  AprU. 

THE    NEW    MEDI/EVAL    LIBRARY. 

Each  volume  contains  Photogravure  or  Woodcut  Reproductions  of  the  Illustrations 
contained  in  the  Works  translated.  Each  volume  further  contains  a  Title-Page  engnived 
upon  Wood,  after  a  notable  contemporary  example. 

Size  0}  by  4J  in.,  boards,  cloth,  5s.  net;  whole  brown  pigskin,  antique  style,  with 
clasps,  7s.  6d.  net. 

NEW  VOLUMES  READY  SHORTLY. 

THE  BABEES'  BOOK :  Mediaeval  Manners  for  the  Young. 
THE  LEGEND  OF  THE  HOLY  FINA,  Virgin  of  Santo 

Geminiano. 

(Other  volume*  in  preparation.) 

Detailed  Prospectus  of  the  Series  post  free  on  application. 


THE    MEDICI    SERIES    OF    COLOURED    REPRODUCTIONS 

AFTER   THE   OLD   MASTERS. 

The  MEDICI  SERIES  aims  at  giving,  by  modern  photographic  methods,  a  Series  of  Reproductions  after  the  Old  Masters,  such  as  the  Arundel  Society 
formerly  issued  to  its  Subscribers.  The  Medici  Proce.es  is  a  photographic  process  by  which  reproductions  in  the  colours  of  the  original  are  procured  with- 
out the  use  of  any  screen.  The  impressions  from  plates  prepared  bv  this  process  are  struck  off  on  pure  papers,  free  from  chalk  or  any  objectionable  coating  ; 
the  colours  in  which  the  plates  are  printed  are  permanent.    The  Medici  Plates  stand  alone  among  modem  Process-Prints  in  respect  of  all  these  particulars. 

I.  LUINI.     Head  of  the  Virgin  Mary  (Fresco).     Colour  surface,  13$  by  10^  in. 

II.  LEONARDO    DA    VINCI.     Head  of  the  Christ  (Cartoon).     Colour  surface,  13J  by  lOh  in. 

III.  BOTTICELLI.     The  Virgin  and  Child  (Tempera).     Colour  surface,  13£  by  9£  in. 

IV.  LEONARDO    DA    VINCI.     The  Last  Supper  (Fresco).     Colour  surface,  31 1  by  16  in. 

V.  PIERO    DELLA    FRANCESCA.     Portrait  of  an  Unknown  Lady.     Colour  surface,  15$  by  11|  in. 

VI.  LORENZO    Dl    CREDI.     The  Annunciation  (Tempera).     Colour  surface,  17|  by  12  in. 

VII.  FILIPPINO    LIPPI.     (?)     The  Virgin  in  Adoration  (Tempera).     Colour  surface,  19J  by  15  in. 
Size  of  Original  Picture,  39  by  30  in. 

VIII.  BOTTICELLI.     The  Birth  of  Venus  (Tempera).     Colour  surface,  36  by  21£  in 

OCCASIONAL    PLATE,    I. 
FILIPPO    LIPPI.     The  Virgin,  after  the  Painting  in  Tempera  on  Wooden  Panel,  Uffizi  Callery,  Florence,  of  the  Virgin, 
Child,  St.  John,  and  an  Angel.     Colour  surface,  13iJ  by  10  in.     Size  of  Original,  36  by  24  in. 


12s.  6d.  net. 

12s.  6d.  net. 

12s.  6d.  net. 

25s.  net. 

10s.  6d.  net. 

15s.  net. 

[Immediately. 

15s.  net. 

[Viortly. 

25s.  net. 

10s.  6d.  net. 


Inland  Postage  (Great  Britain),  Qd.  per  plate,  except  Nos.  IV.  and  VIII.,  which  are  9d.     Foreign  postages  double  these  amounts. 

BY    THE   SAME   PROCESS. 

PORTRAIT   OF   A    LADY.     Never  before  Reproduced.     By  an  unknown  Flemish  Master.     Now  in  the  Academy,  Vienna. 

Size  of  Plate,  26  by  19  in.     Colour  surface,  16  by  12  in.  (about  half  the  original). 
Price  for  prepaid  orders  before  publication,  15s.  net.     Publishing  price,  17*'.  6</.  net;  postage  6«\        [Ready  on  or  about  June  1. 
Full  particulars  of  Plates  and  Frames,  with  method  of  Publication  and  terms  of  Subscription,  will  be  found  in  an  illustrated  Prospectus  which 
may  be  had  post  free  on  application. 

Prospectuses  of  any  or  all  of  the  following  Series  will  be  sent  post  free  on  application 


BOOKS    FOB    CHILDREN. 

THE    MEDICI    SERIES     OP    COLOURED 

REPRODUCTIONS  AFTER    THE   OLD 

MASTERS. 


THE   NEW   MEDIEVAL    LIBRARY. 
BIBLIOTHECA    BO  MANIC  A. 
THE   ST.    MABTIN'S    LIBBABY. 
AUTHOBS    FOR   THE    POCKET. 


THE  SHAKESPEABE    LIBBABY  (including 
THE    SHAKESPEABE    CLASSICS). 

THE    KING'S    CLASSICS. 


London:   CHATTO  &  WINDUS,  Dcpt.   R.,   Ill,  St.  Martin's  Lane,  W.C. 


Editorial  Communications  should  be  addressed  to  "THE  EDITOR"— Advertisements  and  Business  Letters  to  "THE  PUBLISHERS"— at  the  Office,  Bream's  Buildings.  Chancery  Lane.  EC. 
published  Weekly  by  JOHN  C.  FRANCIS  and  J.  EDWARD  FRANCIS  at  Bream's  Buildings.  Chancery  Lane,  E.C.,  and  Printed  by  J.  EDWARD  FRANCIS.  Athenanun  Press.  Bream*  Buildings,  Chancery.  Lane,  E.C. 

Agents  for  Scotland,  Messrs.  BRLL  A  BRADFCTE  and  Mr.  JOHN  MENZIE8,  Edinburgh.-Saturday,  Anril  4,  1908. 


THE  ATHEN-^UM 

frontal  af  CSnglisb  an&  $oxti$n  txUtatnxt,  %twm,  tfe  JF  to  ^rts,  Jltosit  atti 


No.  4198. 


§$otietUz. 


rPHE   FOLK-LORE    SOCIETY.— The    NEXT 

J-  MEETING  of  the  SOCIETY  will  liehcMat'22.  ALBEMARLE 
STREET,  PICCADILLY,  on  WEDNESDAY.  April  15,  at  8  P.M., 
when  Mr.  W.  L.  HILDBURGH  will  Exhibit  some  Belgian  and 
Portuguese  Amulets,  and  Miss  ISABEL  DICKSON  will  read  a  Paper 
entitled  'The  Burrymen  '  The  following  Papers  will  also  he  read, 
viz. :— '  Female  Infanticide  in  the  Punjab,'  by  Cart.  A.  J.  O'BRIEN, 
and  'The  Balemba,'  by  M.  HENRI  JUNOD. 

F.  A.  MILNE,  Secretary. 
11,  Old  Square,  Lincoln's  Inn,  W.C. 
Aprils,  1908. 


R 


OYAL  INSTITUTION  OF  GREAT  BRITAIN, 

Albemarle  Street,  Piccadilly,  W. 

LECTURES  AFTER  EASTER,  1908. 

TUESDAYS. 

GERALD  8TONEY,  Esq.,  M.Inst.C.E.-TWO  LECTURES  on  'The 
Development  of  the  Modern  Turbine  and  its  Application.'  On 
TUESDAYS,  April  28,  May  5,  at  Three  o'clock. 

Prof.  F.  T.  TROUTON,  M.A.  D.Sc.  F.R.S.— TWO  LECTURES  on 
1.  'Why  Light  is  Believed  to  be  a  Vibration';  'What  it  is  which 
Vibrates.'    On  TUESDAYS,  May  12.  19.  at  Three  o'clock. 

Prof.  WILLIAM  STIRLING.  M.D.  LL.D.  D.Sc.-TWO  LECTURES 
on  '  Animal  Heat  and  Allied  Phenomena.'  On  TUESDAYS,  May  26, 
June  2,  at  Three  o'clock. 

THURSDAYS. 

WILLIAM  BATESON,  Esq.,  M.A.  F.R.S.— THREE  LECTURES 
on  '  Mendelian  Heredity'  (the  Tyndall  Lectures).  On  THURSDAYS, 
April  30.  May  7.  U.  at  Three  o'clock. 

ALEXANDER  SCOTT,  Esq.,  D.Sc.  F.R.S.-THREE  LECTURES 
on  'The  Chemistry  of  Photography.'  On  THURSDAYS,  May  21,  2S, 
June  4,  at  Three  o'clock. 

SATURDAYS. 

G.  F.  SCOTT  ELLIOT,  Esq..  M.A.  F.R.G.S.— TWO  LECTURES  on 

Chile  and  the  Chilians.'  On  SATURDAYS,  May  2,  9,  at  Three 
o'clock. 

LAURENCE  BIN  YON,  Esq. -TWO  LECTURES  on  'Japanese 
Prints.'    On  SATURDAYS,  May  10,  23,  at  Three  o'clock. 

HENRY  WALFORD  DAVIES,  Esq.,  M us. Doc.  LL.D.  —  TWO 
LECTURES  on  'The  Art  of  Bach  and  Future  Developments '  (with 
Musical  Illustrations).  On  SATURDAYS,  May  30,  June  6,  at  Three 
o'clock. 

Subscriptions  (to  Non-Members)  to  allCoursesof  Lectures  (extending 
from  Christmas  to  Midsummer).  Two  Guineas.  Subscription  to  a 
Single  Course  of  Lectures,  One  Guinea,  or  Half-a-Guinea,  according  to 
the  length  of  the  Course.  Tickets  issued  daily  at  the  Institution,  or 
sent  by  post  on  receipt  of  Cheque  or  Post-Office  Order. 

Members  may  purchase  uot  less  than  Three  Single  Lecture  Tickets, 
available  for  any  Afternoon  Lecture,  for  Half-a-Guinea. 

The  FRIDAY  EVENING  MEETINGS  will  he  resumed  on  MAY  1, 
at  9  p.m..  when  Prof.  JOSEPH  LAKMOR  will  give  a  Discourse  on 
'The  Scientific  Work  of  Lord  Kelvin.'  Succeeding  Discourses  will 
probably  be  given  by  Mr.  J.  Y.  BUCHANAN,  Dr.  H.  T.  BULSTRODE, 
Prof.  Dr.  J.  C.  KAPTEYN  (of  Groningcn),  Sir  RALPH  PAYNE- 
GALLWEY,  Prof.  Sir  JAMES  DEWAR,  and  other  Gentlemen.  To 
these  Meetings  Members  and  their  Friends  only  are  admitted. 

Persons  desirous  of  becoming  Members  are  requested  to  apply  to  the 
SECRETARY.  When  proposed  they  are  immediately  admitted  to  all 
the  Lectures,  to  the  Friday  Evening  Meetings,  and  to  the  Library  and 
Reading  Rooms ;  and  their  Families  are  admitted  to  the  Lectures  at 
a  reduced  charge.  Payment-  First  Year,  Ten  Guineas;  afterwards, 
Five  Guineas  a  Year ;  or  a  composition  of  Sixty  Guineas. 


(Exhibitions. 


SHEPHERD    BROS.    SPRING    EXHIBITION 
OF  EARLY  BRITISH  MA8TERS  includes  Choice  Works  by 
Reynolds  lloppncr  Itaeburn  Cotiuan 

Gainsborough  Crome  Wheatley  Vincent 

Roinney  Constable        Wilson  Stark,  Ac. 

SHEPHERDS  GALLERY.  27,  King  Street,  St.  James's,  8.W. 


(£  Durational. 


BEDFORD       COLLEGE       FOR        WOMEN 
(University  of  Londonl, 
YORK  PLACE,  BAKER  STREET,  W. 
The   EASTER  TERM    BEGINS  on   THUR8DAY.   April  23,   1908. 
Lectures  arc  given  in  preparation   for  nil    Examination!  of  the 
University  of  London  in  Art«,  Bcienoo,  and  Preliminary  Medicine; 
for  the  Teachers'    Diploma,    London:    for  the  Teacher*'   Certificate. 
Cambridge;  and  for  the  Cambridge  Higher  Local  Examination. 

8pecial  Course  of  Scientific  Instruction  in  Hygiene,  recognized  by 
tli.- Sanitary  Inspectors'  Examination  Board 
Six  Laboratories  are  opart  to  students  for  Practical  work. 

lent*  may  attend  the  Art  School  who  are  not  taking  other 
Subject*  at  the  College, 

A  HDlh  Coune  In  any  Subject  may  be  attended. 
Regular   Physical  Instruction  is  given  free  of  cost  to  Students  who 
drain  it.  by  *  fully  qualified  Woman  Teacher. 
Students  can  reside  in  tin:  College, 

KNTRAXCK    SCHOLARSHIPS. 

ONE  REIT)  SCHOLARSHIP  in  ARTS,  value  311.  10s.  First  Year, 

-•  i  ond  and  Third  \ 
UNE  ARNOTT  SCHOLARSHIP  in  SCIENCE,  annual  value  481. , 
tenable  for  Three  \  ears  : 
ONE  PFEIFFER  SCHOLARSHIP  In  BCIENCE,  annual  value  4M., 
le    for    Three    Years,    will    be   awarded  on  the  results  of  the 
Examination  to  t>e  held  in  .USE. 
Full  particulars  on  application  to  the  PRINCIPAL. 

DBPA&TMEOT  FOB   PROFESSIONAL  TRAINING 
IN  TEACHING. 

TWO  Hi  llnl.MtSHII'S.  each  of  the  value  of  I.-.I.  for  One  Year,  are 
offered  for  the  Course  of  Secondary  Training.  beginning  In  OCTOBER, 

im, 

The  Scholarships  will  be  awarded  to  the  best  Candidate  holding  a 
Degree  in  Arts  or  Science. 

Application*  should  reach  the  HEAD  or  THE  TRAINING 
DEPARTMENT  not  later  than  JULY  1,  1908. 


SATURDAY,   APRIL    11,    1908. 


PRICE 
THREEPENCE. 

REGISTERED  AS  A  NEWSPAPER. 


THE  DOWNS  SCHOOL,  SEAFORD,  SUSSEX. 
Head  Mistress— Miss  LUCY  ROBINSON,  M.A.  (late  Second  Mis- 
tress St.  Felix  School,  Southwold).  References :  The  Principal  of 
Bedford  College,  London  ;  The  Master  of  Peterhouse,  Cambridge. 

WEYBRIDiiE  LADIES'  SCHOOL,  SURREY. 
Conducted  by  Miss  E.  DAWES.  M.A.  D.Litt  (London).  The 
comforts  of  a  refined  home.  Thorough  education  on  the  principle  of 
a  sound  mind  in  a  sound  body.  No  cramming,  but  preparation  for 
Examinations  if  desired.  French  and  German  a  speciality.  Large 
Grounds.     High  and  Healthy  position. 

EDUCATION. 
Parents  or  Guardians  desiring  accurate  information  relative  to 
the  CHOICE  of  SCHOOLS  for  BOYS  or  GIRLS  or 
TUTORS  in  England  or  Abroad 
are  invited  to  call  upon  or  send  fully  detailed  particulars  to 
MESSRS.  GABB1TAS,  THRING  &  CO., 
who  for  more  than  thirty  years  have  been  closely  in  touch  with  the 
leading  Educational  Establishments. 

Advice,  free  of  charge,  is  given  by  Mr.  THRING,  Nephew  of  the 
late  Head  Master  of  Uppingham,  36,  Sackville  Street,  London,  W. 

EDUCATION  (choice  of  Schools  and  Tutors 
Gratis).  Prospectuses  of  English  and  Continental  Schools,  and 
of  successful  Army,  Civil  Service,  and  University  Tutors,  sent  (free 
of  charge)  on  receipt  of  requirements  by  GRIFFITHS,  SMITH, 
POWELL  *  SMITH,  School  Agents  (established  1833).  34,  Bedford 
Street.  Strand,  W.C. 


u 


Ritual  tons  Uarant. 

NIVERSITY       OF         LONDON. 


The  SENATE  invite  applications  for  the  post  of  UNIVERSITY 
READER  in  GREEK,  whose  work  will  be  carried  on  at  BEDFORD 
COLLEGE  for  WOMEN.  The  appointment  will  be  in  the  first 
instance  for  a  term  of  Three  Years  as  from  September,  19ns,  and  the 
minimum  Stipend  300'.  per  annum.  Fifty  copies  of  Applications,  and 
of  not  more  than  three  Testimonials,  must  reach  the  ACADEMIC 
REGISTER  (from  whom  further  particulars  may  be  obtained)  not 
later  than  the  fir6t  post  on  MONDAY,  May  11. 

ARTHUR  W.  RIJCKER,  Principal. 

University  of  London,  South  Kensington,  S.W. 

NIVERSITY      OF      ST.      ANDREWS. 


U 


CHAIR  OF  MORAL  PHILOSOPHY. 

The  UNIVERSITY  COURT  of  the  UNIVERSITY  of  ST. 
ANDREWS  invites  application*  for  the  PROFESSORSHIP  in 
MORAL  PHILOSOPHY  in  the  UNIVERSITY  of  ST.  ANDREWS, 
rendered  vacant  by  the  resignation  of  Prof.  Bernard  Bosanquet,  M.A. 
D.C.L.  LL.D. 

The  Professor  will  be  required  to  conduct,  in  the  United  College, 
St.  Andrews.  Classes  in  Moral  Philosophy  qualifying  for  Graduation 
in  Arts  during  the  Winter  and  Summer  Sessions,  and  to  deliver  a 
Short  Course  of  Lectures  on  Ancient  Philosophy. 

The  Candidate  apiwinted  will  enter  on  the  duties  of  the  Professor- 
ship on  OCTOBER  1.  1908. 

Application*,  which  should  lie  accompanied  by  twenty  printed  or 
type-written  copies  of  the  Letter  of  Application  and  relative  Testi- 
monials, must  be  lodged  on  or  before  MAY  31,  1908.  with  the  under- 
signed, from  whom  further  information  regarding  the  duties  and 
emoluments  of  the  Lectureship  may  be  obtained. 

ANDREW  BENNETT.  Secretary  and  Registrar. 

The  University,  St.  Andrews,  March  SI,  1908. 

ROYAL       HOLLOWAY       COLLEGE, 
ENGLEFIELD  GREEN. 

(UNIVERSITY  OF  LONDON.) 
The  GOVERNORS  will  shortly  appoint  a  LADY  as  HEAD 
LECTURER  in  GERMAN,  who  will  be  expected  to  come  into 
Residence  in  OCTOBER.  Applications,  with  four  copies  of  Testi- 
monials, should  be  sent  by  MAY  9  to  the  PRINCIPAL,  from  whom 
all  particulars  may  be  chtaincd. 


E 


DINBURGH    COLLEGE    OF     ART. 


APPOINTMENT  OF  DIRECTOR. 


There  will  shortly  be  appointed  a  DIRECTOR  to  ORGANIZE  and 
ADMINISTER  the  WORK  of  the  COLLEGE  and  the  Board  invite 
applications  for  the  post.  Conditions  and  Salary  have  not  yet  been 
adjusted,  but  the  Salary  will  be  not,  less  than  tON,  per  annum. 
Further  particulars  may  be  had  from  the  Subscriber. 

THOMAS  HUNTER,  W.S.,  Town  Clerk. 

City  Chambers,  Edinburgh,  April  7,  1908. 


K 


ING  EDWARD'S  SCHOOL,  BIRMINGHAM. 


The  GOVERNORS  of  this  SCHOOL  being  about  to  appoint  a 
HEAD  MASTER  to  take  charge  of  the  BOYS'  GRAMMAR  SCHOOL, 
CAMP  HILL.  BIRMINGHAM.  Gentlemen  who  are  desirous  of 
becoming  Candidates  are  requested  to  send  in  their  Applications  and 
six  epics  of  their  Testimonials  to  THE  SECRETARY,  on  or  before 
MAY  1  NEXT. 

The  Salary  consists  of  a  fixed  payment  of  200).  per  annum,  together 
with  a  Capitation  Fee  of  21.  per  head  for  every  Roy  above  the  number 
of  180,  the  whole  .Salary  not  to  exceed  SOOt.  There  are  alsmt  BOO  Boy* 
in  the  School. 

Candidates  must  be  Graduates  of  some  University  in  the  United 
Kingdom. 

'lb,-  Head  Master  will  be  required  to  enter  on  his  duties  in 
SEPTEMBER  NEXT. 

Birmingham.  March  31. 1908, 

E    AD-  MASTERSHIP. 


H 


SIMON  LANOToN  S  DOT*  BOHOOL,  CANTERBURY. 
Tli.    HEAD  MASTERSHIP  „f  Ibis  SCHOOL  will  t>e  VACANT  in 
JULY.     It  is  a  recognised  Secondary  School  under  the   Board   of 
lion,  and  is  a  Centra  I'm   Pupll-Teachen   for  Canterbury  and 
i  i->  Cent     It  1*  purely  a  Day  8chooI.  «nd  lias  at  preaent  870  Boy*. 
Candidate*  most  not  l»e  more  than  v>  year*  of  gge. 
Farther  particular*  and  Forms  of  Application  can  Ik-  obtained  from 
the  Clerk  to  the  QoTarnon  on  rooaipl  of  Itaoipod  iddnawd  foolscap 
envelcja*. 
Applications  must  !>e  received  not  later  than  HATCH  DAY.  April  36. 

JOHH  PLCMM  Kit  Clerk  t"  the  Governor*. 
so,  Castle  8treet,  Canterbury,  March  17,  1908. 


N0TICE.-FRIDAY  NEXT  being  GOOD 
FRIDAY,  the  ATHEKEUM  will  be  pub- 
lished on  WEDNESDAY  Afternoon  at 
2  o'clock.-ADVERTISEMENTS  should  be 
at  the  Office  not  later  than  5  o'clock  on 
TUESDAY  Evening. 


Yearly  Subscription,  free  by  post,  Inland, 
15s.  3d.;  Foreign,  18s.  Entered  at  t'/ie  New 
York  Post  Office  as  Second  Class  mailer. 


QOUNTY    BOROUGH     OF    SUNDERLAND. 

DAY  TRAINING  COLLEGE. 

The  COUNCIL  are  prepared  to  receive  applications  for  the  position 
of  PRINCIPAL  of  the  above-named  College,  which  it  is  expected  will 
be  open  for  work  in  SEPTEMBER  NEXT,  at  a  Salary  of  500?.  per 
annum.    No  Fees. 

The  person  appointed  must  be  a  Graduate  of  a  British  University, 
capable  of  acting  as  Master  of  Method  and  Lecturer  on  Education, 
prepared  to  take  a  leading  part  in  the  Teaching  work  of  the  College  in 
these  and  such  other  subjects  as  may  be  required,  and  able  to  satisfy 
the  Authority  of  his  capacity  or  experience  in  the  Organization  anil 
Teaching  of  a  Day  Training  College. 

Canvassing  Members  of  the  Council  directly  or  indirectly  until  after 
the  first  selection  by  the  Committee  of  Candidates  will  disqualify  the 
applicant  on  whose  behalf  such  canvassing  shall  have  been  made. 

Applications  in  writing,  accompanied  by  not  more  than  six  recent 
original  Testimonials  (which  will  be  returned),  addressed  to  the 
undersigned  at  the  Town  Hall.  Sunderland,  and  endorsed  "  Day 
Training  College.  Appointment  of  Principal,"  in  the  left  hand  corner 
of  the  envelope,  will  be  received  up  to,  but  not  later  than.  12  noon  ou 
APRIL  27  next.  FRAS.  M.  BOWEY,  Town  Clerk. 


CHESHIRE  COUNTY  COUNCIL: 
EDUCATION  COMMITTEE. 

The  above  COMMITTEE  require  a  PRINCIPAL  for  the  TRAINING 
COLLEGE  (MIXED)  which  they  are  establishing  at  CREWE.  The 
College  will  open  in  AUGUST,  1908,  in  Temiwrary  Premises. 

The  Principal  must  be  a  Graduate  of  a  British  University,  must 
have  had  experience  of  teaching,  and  be  familiar  with  the  Organiza- 
tion and  Management  of  ar.  Educational  Institution,  and  be  well 
acquainted  with  the  History  of  Education  in  England, 

The  Salary  will  be  500!.  per  annum  and  a  Residence.  A  House 
will  be  erected  in  proximity  to  the  College  and  Hostel  for  Women. 
Until  the  opening  of  the  new  College  and  provision  of  this  House  an 
allowance  will  be  made  towards  a  residence  in  Crewe. 

He  will  be  required  to  take  up  his  duties  not  later  than  JULY7 1, 
1908. 

Applications,  with  not  more  than  six  recent  Testimonials,  to  be 
sent  to  THE  DIRECTOR  OF  EDUCATION,  City  Road,  Chester 
not  later  than  APRIL  86.  1908. 

Canvassing  will  be  deemed  a  disqualification. 

LIVERPOOL  COLLEGE  FOR  GIRLS, 
GROVE  STREET,  LIVERPOOL. 
The  COUNCIL  are  desirous  of  electing  a  HEAD  MISTRESS.  She 
must  be  a  Member  of  the  Church  of  England.  Her  Salary  will  bo 
850!.  per  annum,  without  residence.  Duties  to  commence  after  the 
Summer  Holidays.— Testimonials  (not  more  than  three),  stating  age, 
qualifications,  and  general  experience,  to  be  sent,  on  or  before 
MAY  ir>,  to  the  Rev.  G.  H.  DAYSON,  Secretary,  Liverpool  College, 
Lodge  Line,  to  whom  application  may  be  made  for  further  information. 


c 


I    T     Y 


O    F 


L    E    E    D    S. 


SECONDARY  DAY  SCHOOLS, 
[a]  APPOINTMENT  OF  HEAD  MISTRESS. 
The  HIGHER  EDUCATION  COMMITTEE  of  the  CITY  of 
LEEDS  invite  applications  for  the  post  of  HEAD  MISTRESS  of  the 
LEEDS  THoRESBY  HIGH  SCHOOL  for  GIRLS.  The  School 
accommodates  between  BOO  and  Duo  Pupils,  a  large  proportion  of  whom 
are  intended  for  the  Teaching  Profession. 

Salary  from  .too?,  to  4001.  i>or  annum,  according  to  qualifications  and 
experience.    A  good  University  Degree  is  essential. 

[ill    ASSISTANT  MASTERS  AND  MISTRESSES. 
The    HIGHER    EDUCATION    COMMITTEE    also    require.    In 
SEPTEMBER  NEXT,  the  services  of 

MODERN  LANGUAGE  MASTER. 
MODERN  LANGUAGE  MISTRESS. 
MATHEMATICS  MISTRESS, 
GYMNASTICS  MASTER  (Swedish  System). 
and  of  GENERAL    FORM    MASTERS  and  MISTRESSES  for  the 
SIX  SECONDARY  SCHOOLS  under  their  control,  lioth  NOW  and 
in  SEPTEMBER  NEXT. 

GENERAL  INFORMATION. 

Particulars  of  the  appointment  of  Head  Mistress,  together  with 
Form*  of  Application,  which  must  be  submitted  not  later  than 
M  AY  18,  may  lieobtaiued  from  the  undersigned. 

Forms  of  Application  may  also  he  obtained  for  the  other  Api>»int 
menta,  together  with  a  cony  of  the  Scale  of  Marie*  Commencing 
Salaries  will  be  paid  according  to  qualifications  and  experience,  and 
advance*  "ill  be  made  according  to  the  approved  Scale  on  satisfactory 

8*' r\  it  r 

JAMES  GRAHAM.  Secretary  f.>r  Education. 
Education  Department    Leeds.  April,  1908. 


K 


ENT  EDUCATION  COMMITTEE. 


TONRRIDOE  TECHNICAL  INSTITUTE. 
WANTED  an  ASSISTANT  ART  MASTER  Must  bar*  experience 
in  Teaching  and  a  knowledge  of  mmf  Craft  Work  Initial  S.Oarv 
ymj  —Conditions  of  appointment  mar  he  obtained  from  the  lin 
\i,  ii  w  COOK,  B.oc.,  Technical  Institute,  Tonbridgo,  to  whom 
application*  should  !«■  forwarded  as  early  as  ponTlhra  Canvassing 
will  be  considered  n  disqualification 

li\  cnbr  "f  the  Committee, 

FRAS   W.  CROOK,  Secretary. 
Caxton  House,  Westminster,  April  7,  1908. 


i;;i 


T  II  E    AT  II  EN-ffiUM 


No.  4198,  April  11,  1008 


7  V.  N  T      EDUCATIO  N      COMMITTEE. 


AIBTORD  1 1  ii.  1 1  Ki:  IDC)   ITION  81  D-COMMITTI 

t -i.i -ntv  school  rOB  (illll.s 
wanted     in  sin  KMliKlt    NEXT.    TWO    ASSISTANT    HU 

TlltWKSInc  llirnhotv  named  SCHOOL     III    foi    Ml  KM  E  ,  I'll)  si.  ■«. 
I  ml     MATHKHAT1U8;  for     KNOLDJH 

LITERATI  KB  mil   HI8TOKY. 

appointment   should   hold    s  s 

i  British  University  01   Its  equivalent,  and  Candidates  foi 

■  nsllah  Appointment  an  \it»  Digue  ot  ■  Brlttan  l  oireraltj  or 

It.  .  null  ii.  hi 

Initial Salary— Scienoe  Mistrial  HOL  to UOL.  English  HistnaalOot, 
toil"/  parannum,  according  to  Qwlinontioui  and  experience,  rising. 

in  aorordanco  with  ths  i mlttee's  scale,  by  an  mm  I  Increments  of 

TL  im  f.T  tin'  in.t  i»"  roan,  and  than  by  M.,  to  a  maximum  of  1*11. 
or  I. mi/. 

Application!   mutt    be  made  on    Forms  to   l>e   obtained    from   J. 
(REEKY.  11,  R.nk  Street,  AshforrLand  must  )*•  forwarded  Nearly 
Ible  to  Ml-  A.  E  HORUAN,  Bead  Matron,  ('.unity  School  for 
Girls,  Aahfard.    Canraatlni  will  be  considered  a  disqualification. 
Iiv  order  of the  Committee, 

eras.  W.  CROOK,  Secretary. 
Oazton  Bouse,  Westminster,  April  7.  IMS. 


RISTOL      EDUCATION      COMMITTEE. 


B 

ST.  GEORGE  AND  FAIRFIELD  SECONDARY  SCHOOLS. 

WASTED  for  each  of  the  above  Secondary  Schools  a  FIRST 
assistant  MI8TKESS,  experienced  in  Secondary  School  work. 
Must  be  a  Graduate  of  an  approved  l  nlveralty,  or  hold  an  equivalent 
Diploma,  ami  will  be  required  to  exercise  general  supervision  over  the 
Girls  and  their  Ounce.  Fur  the  St.  Utwm  school  special  qualification 
in  Literary  Subject*  lincludiug  Conversational  French!  in  desirable, 
ami  tor  the  Fairfield  School  ability  to  teaoh  Hygiene  will  bearecom 
mendattan,  Salary  in  each  oaaa  1981  per  annum,  rising  byBJ.  annually 
to  IBOL  In  Calculating  the  initial  Salary  credit  will  be  given  for  half- 
length  service  in  a  Secondary  School.  Forms  of  Application,  which 
must  lie  received  here  not  later  than  WEDNESDAY,  April  in,  imok, 
may  be  obtained  by  sending  a  stamped  addressed  foolscap  enveloiie  to 
the  SECRETARY,  Education  Offices,  Guildhall.  Ilristol. 

March  T,,  1908. 

COLONIAL  TRAVELLER.— An  old-established 
LONDON  PUBLISHING  FIRM  desires  to  make  NEW 
ARRANGEMENTS  for  REPRESENTATION  on  COMMISSION  in 
AUSTRALIA.  INDIA,  and  AFRICA.  Only  first-class  Representa- 
tives need  apply.— Address.  Box  1388,  Atlienteum  Press.  13,  Bream's 
Buildings,  Chancery  Lane,  EC. 

LONDON  BOOK  PUBLISHER  would  like  to 
hear  from  GENTLEMAN  able  to  REPRESENT  him  on  COM- 
MISSION in  distant  parts  of  the  World.  Residents  selling  other 
Goods  akin  to  Books  preferred.— Address  PUBLISHER,  care  of 
■\  Dudley  Road,  Wimbledon. 


^ituatians  Wianhb. 

YOUNG  MAN,  about  25.  with  a  knowledge  of 
the  Book  Trade,  as  ASSISTANT  SECRETARY.  Salary  to 
commence  at  "itf.-lOOt.  per  annum.— Applv,  by  letter,  S.,  Bookseller's 
Provident  Institution,  28,  Paternoster  Row,  E.C. 


ffiiscdlaneoixz. 


PRIVATE  TOURS  FOR  GENTLEWOMEN.— 

J-  ITALY,  APRIL  29.  One  Month.  Rome.  Naples,  Capri.  Sorrento. 
Horence,  A  eni.e.  Milan.  Ac.  Comfortable  travelling;  very  complete 
arrangements.  SWITZERLAND.  JUNE.  DUTCH  WATERWAYS, 
JULY.— Miss  BISHOP,  27.  St.  George's  Road.  Kilburn,  N.W. 

TRANSLATION    from    Latin,    Greek,    French, 
German,  Italian.  Spanish.    Moderate  terms.    Varied  experience. 
Hiss  SELBY.  30,  Northumberland  Place.  Bayswater,  W. 

T  ITERARY    WORK  of  any  kind   WANTED. 

U  Fluent  Descriptive  Writer,  able  Compiler.  Can  Revise  and 
Prepare  for  Press.  Or  would  Collaborate  with  Novelist.— REX,  in, 
Lowther  Mansions,  Castelnau,  Barnes,  S.W. 

rRISH      GENEALOGICAL    and    LITERARY 

1  RESEARCHES  UNDERTAKEN  in  DUBLIN  by  experienced 
GENEALOGIST.— Apply  Box  No.  1889,  Athenteuin  Press,  13,  Bream's 
Buildings.  Chancery  Lane,  E.C. 

TRANSLATION     BUREAU.  —  Edwin     Ham- 

-L  burger,  School  of  Languages.  Principal  :  Heir  EDWIN 
HAMBURGER.  B.A.-282,  High  Holborn,  W.C. ;  and  28,  Moorgate 
Street,  E.C. 

VTORTHERN     NEWSPAPER     SYNDICATE, 

JLl  Kendal.  SUPPLIES  EDITORS  with  LITERARY  MATTER 
and  invites  Authors  to  submit  MSS.  of  Serials.  Short  Stories  and 
Articles.  Proposals  for  Serial  Use  of  all  high-class  Literary  Matter 
receive  careful  and  prompt  consideration.  Telegraphic  Address, 
"Syndicate,  Kendal." 

rpO  AUTHORS  and  publishers.— INDEXING, 

-L  Technical,  Scientific,  and  General,  carefully  undertaken  by 
Miss  JAMES  and  Miss  F.  BEALES.— Excellent  references.— Care  of 
Richardson  A  Co.,  25,  Suffolk  Street.  Pall  Mall  East,  S.W. 

PUNCH,    1896    to    1907,     complete,    unbound. 
ATHEN.EUM,    1S74  to  1898.  bound  in  red  cloth,  1X94  to  1907 
unbound.     FOR  SALE.    Oflers.-LIBRARIAN,  Atheiucum.  Glasgow. 


HHRAINING    FOR   PRIVATE  SECRETARIAL 
WORK  AND  INDEXING. 

Secretari.il  Bureau  :  .ri2.\.  CONDUIT  ST..  BOND   ST     LONDON    W 
Founded  1896.  Telephone :  8128  Gkuhuii, 

MISS  PETHERBRIDOE  (Nat.  Sci.  Tripos). 

Employed  bt  rat  India  Omci  as— Indexer  of  the  East  India 
Company's  Records;  Dutch  and  Portuguese  Translator. 

The  Drapers'  Company's  Records  Catalogued  and  Arranged 

Tin-  Library  of  the  Rt.  Hon.  W.  H.  Long,  M.P..  at  Rood  Asbton, 
w  ilts.  Catalogued  and  Arranged, 

brDEXEB  01  -Tin-  Records  of  the  County  Borough  of  Cardiff-  Tho 
Warrangton  TownReoordi ;  The  Bhe  Hooks  of  the  Royal  Commissions 
on:  London  Traffic  The  Sum.Iy  of  Food  In  Time  "f  War.  Motor  Cars 
Canals  and  waterways;  Coast  Erosion;  Shipping  Rings;  The 
Minutes  of  the  Education  Committee  of  the  Somerset  I'onntv Council 

MISS  PETHERBRIDOE  trains  from  Three  to  six  Pupils  every 
year  for  Private,  Secretarial,  and  Special  Indexing  Work.  The 
training  is lone  of  Apprenticeship,  Pupils  starting  as  Junior  Members 
ot  the  Starr  and  working  un  through  all  the  Branches,  It  is  practical 
on  actual  work,  each  Pupil  being  individually  coached  The  training 
consists  of  Indexing— which  includes  Research  Work  and  Precis 
Writing-Shorthand.  Type  Writing,  and  Business  Training. 

THE  TECHNIQUE  OF  INDEXING.  By  Maui  PirrnEBSBrnoE. 
B«,  .id.  post  free. 


s.  v. 


AKCIlN  A  U  T 


f  R  0  1  B  1:  > 


Hill..     MARSEILLES.  TIM-    BICILi     MAPLES.  APRIL  15-87, 
A  PHI  I.  IB— MAY   II 
Ai.pl>  SEOBETABT,  S.  Endilelgh  Gardens.  N.W. 


(nun*- (KYI ritfrs,  &c. 

TVI'KWRlTINc,  9d.    per   1,000  word*,     All 
kinds. t    Hfjf      -  Plays.   Novel..   4e  .   accurately  TYPED 

Clear  Carbon  Copies.  Sd  ;- i  l.o  i     References  to  well-known  Authors 
Oxford  Higher  UMaL— M.  KINO.  j».  Forest  Road,  Kcw  Gardens.  S.W. 

TYPE  WRITING  ondertakeo  by  highly ednoated 
Women  (Classical  TrlpOS;  Cambridge  illghir  Local:  fctodsrn 
Languagesi  Research,  Kerlslon.  Translation.  Shorthand  Dictation 
Room.— THE  CAMBRIDGE  TYPE  WRITING  AGENCY 
Street.  Adelphi,  W.C. 


10,   Duke 


A  UTHORS'MSS., NOVELS, STORIES,  PLAYS, 

-T\-  ESSAYS  TYPEWRITTEN  with  complete  ac  uracy,  !*/.  i*r 
1.0110  words.     Clear  Carbon  Copies  guanmteed.      I  well- 

known  Writers— M.  STUART.  Allendale.  Kymlwrhy  Hoad.  Harrow. 

AUTHORS'    MSS.    TYPE-WRITTEN.     Books 

XV  from  M.  1.000.  Duplicating.  Plays  and  Books  Translate  I 
from  and  into  all  Languages.  The  cheapest  bouse  for  good  work  — 
The  MOSCOW  T.  4  T.  CO.  0,  Trinity  Square,  London.  E.C.  MM0 
Wall. 


TYPE- WRITING.— The  WEST  KENSINGTON 
OFFICES.  Authors'  MSS..  Translations,  4c.  Legal  and  General 
Copying,  Circulars,  4c.  duplicated.  Usual  terms.  References 
Established  fifteen  years—  S1KES  &  8IKES.  ffiB,  Hammersmith 
Road,  W.     i Private  address  :  18,  Wolverton  Gardens,  Hammersmith 


(Catalogues. 


THE  undermentioned   Catalogues  have  recentl}* 
been,  or  will  shortly  be,  issued  and  will  be  sent  post 
free  on  application. 

No.  34  PERSIAN   MANUSCRIPTS. 

No.  35  MATHEMATICAL     AND      PHYSICAL 

BOOKS.— Transactions  and  Scientific  Perio- 
dicals—Books printed  previous  to  1800— 
Pamphlets— Books  printed  subsequent  to  1800. 
102  pp. 

No.  36  ENGLISH  LITERATURE,  including  many 
rare  and  unique  items.  The  following  may  be 
mentioned :— All  but  complete  Sets,  1'irst 
Editions  of  Browning  and  Swinburne — an 
important  Collection  of  Shelley,  First 
Editions,  including  a  fine  Cenci  in  "boards- 
Lamb  Letters— W.  Morris  MS.,  Ac.    90  pp. 

No  38  MISCELLANEOUS  BOOKS. 

Anthropology  —  Classics  —  Mountaineering  — 
Sport— Travel— Naval  and  Military  History — 
Music— Early  Printed,  &c.    80  pp. 

No.  39  THEOLOGICAL  BOOKS. 

Other  Catalogues  in  preparation. 

Names  and  Addresses,  giving  desiderata  or 
subjects  interested  in,  will  be  appreciated. 


B 


W.     HEFFER    &    SONS, 
Second-hand    Bookseller.     Cambridge. 

O  O  K 

Largest  Stock  in  London  of 

PUBLISHERS'  REMAINDER  STOCKS. 

All  in  perfectly  New  condition,  as  originally  published,  but  at 

GREATLY  REDUCED  PRICES. 

Catalogues  jwst  free. 

WILLIAM  GLAISnER,  Remainder  and  Discount  Bookseller, 

265,  High  Holborn,  London. 


CATALOGUE  No.  48.— Drawings  of  the  Early 

\J  English  School— Turner's  Liber  Studiorum,  and  other  Engravings 
after  Turner— Etchings  by  Turner,  S.  Palmer,  Whistler  — Japanese 
Colour-Prints-Fine-Art  books— Works  by  Ruskin.  Post  free  Six 
pence.— WM.  WARD.  •_>,  Church  Terrace.  Richmond,  Surrey. 


WOODCUTS,  EARLY  BOOKS,  MSS.  Ac. 

T  EIGHTON'S  ILLUSTRATED  CATALOGUE, 

-■-«  Containing  1,350  Facsimiles. 

Thick  Svo,  art  cloth.  25s. ;  half-morocco.  30s. 
Part  XIII.,   Oal-Chrys,  with  164  Facsimiles,  including  Berners's 
Froissart.   Cambridge   Bindings.    Cnpgrave,    1018,   Cepio,    1477.    and  a 
large  collection  of  Early  Chronicles.  {Nov  ready.    J'rice  2s. 

J.  *  J.  LKIGRTON, 
40,  Brewer  Street.  Golden  Square,  London,  W. 

A  NCIENT  and  MODERN  COINS.— Collectors 

•ii  and  Antiquarians  are  invited  to  apply  to  SPINK  &  SON. 
Limited,  for  Specimen  Copy  (gratis)  of  their  NUMISMATIC  (  IRCO- 
LAK.  The  finest  Greek.  Roman,  and  English  loins  on  View  and  for 
Sale  at  Moderate  Prices.— SPINK  4  SON.  Limited,  Experts.  Valuers, 
and  Cataloguers,  16.  17.  and  18.  Piccadilly,  London.  W.  Established 
apwards  of  a  Century. 

pATALOGUE  of  FRENCH  BOOKS,  at  greatly 

\J  reduced  prices.  I.  PHILOSOPHY.  II.  RELIGION,  "ill.  His 
TORY.  IV.  POETRY.  DRAMA.  MD8IC.  V  BEAUX-ARTS.  VI. 
liEOdKAPHY.    VII.  MILITARY     VIII.  FICTION.    IX.  GENERAL 

DULAU  *  00.  37.  Soho  Square.  London,  W. 


THIRST  EDITIONS  of  MODERN   AUTHORS, 

J-  including  Dickens.  Thackeray,  Lever.  Ainsworth;  Books  illus- 
trated I  >y  G.  and  R.  Crnikshank,  Phiz.  Itowlandson.  Leech.  4c.  The 
largest  and  choicest  Collection  offered  for  Sale  in  the  World.  CATA- 
LOGUES issued  and  sent  |>ost  free  on  application.  Books  Bought.— 
W  ALTER  T.  SPENCER,  27.  New  Oxford  Street.  London.  W.C. 


Books. -ALL   OUT-OF-PRINT  and    RAM 
BOOKS  on  any  soHeci  HI  PPLIED    'I  i  -  u,>*t  eii^rt  Booknnder 
1'lr.ue  Hat.-  wuu  mid  uk  |..r  I'Al  A1/-I.I  K       1  n.^ke  a 
"hanging  si 
from  my  various  Lists     <•;-  I    ••     I  I  i»tticul»rly  waat 

lMlfrn- -EDW   BAKl.l  .  .hop  u  it,  John  bright  mm* 

r.lni.lligliain       Urn    Wilde  ■    I"  !■  ,rn,. worth's 

Ei..}'i"is*-iii.  11  tola,  last  edit.,  as  .  erWsWaM  Iroli  \vr..t* 


Authors*  Agents. 

rpHB  AUTHOR'S  AGENCY.—  KsuhliBhed  ] 


JL  ..The  lotsrosls  of  Anthoi  nt*d.    Agreemai 

"<i>.  ■■    pi.i.li-l  n,  -  T^nns  and 

\t .    .     ,i    ,  i  i, .   , , ,  .  , .  . 


Publishing  an  i,  ruui 

moiuals  on  application  to  Mr   A    M    I.I  UGHEtj   ji.  Paternosu 


^alrs  tra  Aurtian. 


The  Collect,;,,  „f  Cotnt  of  Us  btlr  J  CUTS  W1TTK,  Ktq. 
of  Altrinrhn  in. 

\/TESSRS  BOTHEBY, WILKINSON  A  HODGE, 

JJA  will  SELL  by  AUCTION  (by  order  of  the  Executors  .  s' 
House.  No.  IS,  Wellington  Street.  Strand.  W  I  .  an  MONDAY  April 
IS,  and  Following  Day,  at  1  o'clock  precisely,  the  <  oLLKcri 
loINS  of  the  late  JULIUS  WITTE.  Ewi..  of  Altrincloiro  com- 
prising Ancient  British.  AngloSaxon.  and  English  Hihcr  Coins  an 
extensive  series  of  English  Gold,  Scottish  Gold,  and  Silver  Coins 
Colonial  ami  Foreign,  Ac. 

May  1*  viewed.     Catalogues  may  I*  had. 
ETU/ravingf,  Etching*,  Draxringn. 

ME88R8.  BOTHEBY,  WILKINSON  ft  HODGE 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  House,  No.  13.  Wellington 

Street.  Strand.  W.C.  on  FRIDAY.  April  'it.  at  1  o'clock  precisely. 
ENGRAVINGS,  ETCHINGS,  and  I>B  A  WINGS,  including  American 
Portraits  —  Prints    in    Colours    after    Horland,    Cogway.    I     «m    ,i 
Cipriani,  and  other  Naval  Subjects— Drawings  by  W'esUll,  Rowland 
eon,  Copley  Fielding,  Ac. 

May  be  viewed  two  days  prior.    Catalogues  may  be  had. 

THE  O'HAGAX  COIS  COLLECTIOX. 

MESSRS.  SOTHEBY,  WILKINSON  &  HODGE 
will  SELL  bv  AUCTION,  at  their  House.  No.  13.  Wellington 
Street  Strand.  W.C,  on  MONDAY.  April  17.  and  Four  Following 
Days,  at  I  o'clock  precisely,  the  valuable  and  extensive  OOLLKI  TD'N 
of  EUROPEAN.  AMERICAN,  and  other  FOREIGN  • 
MEDALS.  TOKENS,  tec.  and  the  Series  of  ENGLISH  I 
MEMoRATIVEMKDAl-S.  the  Property  of  H.OSBORNE  uHAGAN. 
E-  |.,  M.R.N.S.  B.N. 8..  who  is  relinquishing  the  pursuit. 

May  be  viewed  two  days  prior.    Catalogues  may  be  bad  ;  Illustrated 
Copies,  price  2s.  each. 

Engravings  and  Etchings. 

MESSRS.  SOTHEBY,  WILKINSON  k  HODGE 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  House.  No.  IS,  Wellington 
Street,  strand.  W.C.  on  FRIDAY.  May  1.  at  1  o'clock  precisely. 
ENGRAVINGS  and  ETCHINGS,  nearly  all  by  OLD  MASTERS 
Property  of  a  LADY,  and  including  a  numlier  of  iin|K>rt.mt  examples 
of  the  Works  of  Rembrandt  van  Rhvn— an  extensive  Collection  of  the 
Works  of  Masters  of  the  Early  Italian  School,  and  a  few  by  Lucas  van 
Leyden,  Martin  Schoen,  Ac. 

May  lie  viewed  two  days  prior.    Catalogues  may  he  had. 

Valuable  Books,  including  seceral  Small  Libraries  remotfd 
from  the  Country. 

MESSRS.  PUTTICK  k   SIMPSON  will  SELL 
by  AUCTION  at  their  Galleries.  47.  Leicester  Square.  W.C  .  on 
MONDAY,  April  13.  and  Following  Day.  at  ten  minutes  past  1  o'clock 
precisely,   the  above   LIBRARIES,   comprising    First    Editions   and 
Standard    Works    iu    all    Branches    of     Literature  —  valuable 
Editions,   including  Milton's   Paradise  Regained— Shelley's    Adoiims 
and  St.  Irvyue— Tenuyson  s  Helen's  Tower— Dickens  s  Works,  in  the 
Original  Cloth  and  Numbers— A  Beckett  s  Comic  Histories  of  England 
and  Rome,  in  the  Original  Parts— S|<orting  Books,  including  s 
run  of  the  Si»rting  Magazine  and  sorting  Review  — Books   »ith 
Coloured  Plates— Books  illustrated  by  George  Crnikshank  and  Ron 
landson  — Manuscripts,   including    a  very  fine  Illuminated    Book   of 
Hours  of  the  Early  Fifteenth  Century  (French)— an  Album  of  Auto- 
graphs of  Musical  Celebrities,  including  Letters  of  Mendelssohn- 
Books  of  Engravings,  Ac. 

VaittOble  Bookt,  including  the  Library  of  the  late  JOSEPH 
GREGO,  Sag.,  removed  from  Qnmmttt  Square.  Bt. 

MESSRS.   PUTTICK  &  SIMPSON  will   SELL 
by  AUCTION  at  their  Galleries.  47.  Leicester  Square.  W.C.  on 
WEDNESDAY.   April  SB,   and   Following   Day,  at   10  minutes  past 

1  o'clock  precisely.  Valuable  BOOKS,  including  the  alwve  Library, 
comprising  rare  First  Editions  and  Standard  Works  in  all  Branches 
of  Literature,  further  particulars  of  which  will  be  duly  announced. 

Modern  Publications,  Remainders,  and  Miscellaneous  Books. 

MESSRS.  HODGSON  k  CO.  will  SELL  bv 
AUCTION,  at  their  Rooms,  lit  Chancery  Lane.  W.C-  o*n 
TUESDAY.  April  14.  and  Following  Day,  MODERN  PUBLICA- 
TIONS and  REMAINDERS,  including  80  Vaughan's  Gossip  on  the 
Art  of  Printing  in  Colours— TS  Knights  old  England.  I  rota.— 
Turbaynes  Monograms— Modern  Novels,  chiefly  new.  iu  cloth—.. 
Selection  of  Recent  Publications  from  the  Library  of  a  Reviewer.  Ac. 
—also  Miscellaneous  Rooks  in  all  classes  of  Literature,  comprising 
Fine  Art  and  Antiquarian  Books— Works  in  Philosophy.  Science, 
and  Travel— the  Writings  of  the  Modern  Novelists  and  Poets- 
Foreign  Literature.  Ac. 

To  1*  viewed,  and  Catalogues  had. 
Rare  and   Valuable  Books. 

MESSRS.  HODGSON  &  CO.  will  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  at  their  Rooms.  115,  Chancery  Lane.  W.C.  on 
TUESDAY.  April  88,  and  Two  Following  Days,  at  1  o'clock,  RARE 
and  VALUABLE  BOOKS,  including  the  LIBRARY  of  a  GENTLE 
MAN  (decsasedl.  and  other  Prois-rties,  comprising  a  remarks' 
of  the  First  Editions  of  Dickens,  upwards  of  80  vols,  or  pieces, 
Apperley'e  Life  of  a  Sportsman,  u.iwstornes  Gamonia.  Westmacott  - 
English  Spy. ->  vols.  Goldsmith  s  Vicar  of  Wakefield.  Combe's  Dance 
of  Life  and  Death.  Life  of  Napoleon,  and  others  with  Coloured  Pistes 
by  Rowlandson  and  Cruikshank— Keats's  Endymlon,  isis.  aisoTennv- 
son'a  Poems  by  Two  Brothers.  1827,  and  Poems,  S  rob.  1-4J.  all  in  the 
original  boards  —  Swinburne's  Queen  Mother  and  Rosamond,  the 
Rare  Privately-printed  Edition— a  proof  oopy  of  Blake  s  illustrations 
to  the  Book  of  .lob,  and  a  few  other  Items  relating  to  Blake,  including 
tho  Artist's  Spectacles  (the  Property  of  a  GENTLEMAN  -Chalonar 
Smiths  British  Meootinto  Portraits.  4  vols.,  with  the  plates— John 
Smith's  Catalogue  Rai  s.mne,  B  rota. — l.ippmann  s  Facsimiles  of  Engrav- 
ings and  Woodcuts  by  Old  Masters,  in  l»  port  folios— Pagan's  Bartoloizi, 
4  rota.,  and  other  Art  Books— Issues  from  the  Kelmseott  Press.  Ac  ; 
als,,  the  LIBRARY  of  the  late  Rev.  .1.  W.  VAN  REES  HOETS 
{removed  from  Hampsteadl.  sold  by  order  of  the  Executors,  com 
prising  Standard  Books  in  all  classes  of  Literature. 
Catalogues  on  application. 


No.  4198,  April  11,  1908 


THE    ATHENAEUM 


435 


M 


Curiosities. 
R.    STEVENS'S    NEXT   SALE  of  CURIO- 

XTI_  SITIES  will  take  place  on  TUESDAY.  April  14.  -™1  «»» 
toclu.le  an  interesting  COLLECTION  of  1NCA  ALTAR  ami  MWIMY 
CLOTHS  QltAVE  POTS,  &c. ;  also  Human  Skulls  from  different 
p„U  of  the  world-Silver  and' Rnus  Coln«-the  Writing  D«k  and 
Chair  used  by  the  late  Mr.  Bret  Harte  when  engaged  on  hni  literary 
wk-a  few  lots  of  choice  old  Oak  Furniture.  tadndtosTTO  Com- 
inuuion  Chairs  from  Winchester  Cathedral,  supposed  to  he  «0 years 
old-Grandfathers  Clock-a  two-handled  Silver  Tanka rd.  about  140 
years  old.  weighing  181  ounces-Oriental  and  English  Chma-Pict.ires 
-Prints-Native  Curios  and  Weapons-and  the  usual  Miscellaneous 
Assortment. 

On  view  day  prior  10  to  5  and  morning  of  Sale.    Catalogues  on 
application. 

Sales  of  Miscellaneous  Property. 

MR  J  C.  STEVENS  begs  to  announce  that 
SALES  are  held  EVERY  FRIDAY,  at  his  Rooms  39  King 
Street,  Covent  Garden,  London.  W.O..  for  the  disposal  of  Mt™- 
SCOPES.  SLIDES,  and  OBJECTIVES- Telescopes-Theodolites- 
Levels-Electrical  and  Scientific  Instruments-Cameras,  EMMatand 
all  kinds  of  Photographic  Apparatus-Optical  interns  wj*™jfj 
and  all  Accessories  in  great  variety  by  Best  Makers-Houscholu 
Furniture— Jewellery— and  other  Miscellaneous  Property. 
On  view  Thursday  2  to  5  and  morning  of  Sale. 


Modem  Pictures  and  Drawings. 
MESSRS.   CHRISTIE,   M ANSON  &   WOODS 

111  respectfully  give  notice  that  they  will  SELL  by  ACTION,  at 
their  great  Rooms.  Kins  Street,  St.  James's! Square,  on  MONDAi, 
April  13 L  at  1  o'clock  precisely.  MODERN  PI< "TUBES  and  DRAW- 
INGS, the  Property  of  RICHARD  MILLS,  Eh.,  deceased  ate  of 
•14  Queen's  Gate  Terrace.  S.W. ;  R.  J.  MOBER.  Es.i.,  deceased,  late  of 
tx  laresfield  Gardens.  Hampstead  ;  Mrs  MORTEN,  deceased  late 
of  Gothic  House.  Petersham  Road,  Richmond.  Surrey  :  and R .  W 
CRESS  WELL,    Es<i.,    deceased,    late     of     Hamilton    House,    Hall 

May  be  viewed,  and  Catalogues  had. 


AT   THE    CONDUIT    STREET    AUCTION    GALLERIES. 
Oak  Carvings  and  valuable  Furniture. 

K  Series  of  fine  old  Flemish  Oak  Panels  carved  in  high  relief,  repre- 
senting Scriptural  Subjects  with  Inscriptions,  dated  1503  mounted 
in  Polished  Oak,  with  Panels  of  Scrolls.  Cherubs,  and  Terminal 
Figures  as  formerly  fitted  in  the  Dining-Room  of  the  house  at 
Haslemere  which  belonged  to  the  late  Lord  Justice  Davey. 

Also  the  Contents  of  a  Curzon  Street  residence  including  gilt  French 
Furniture.  Satinwood  Cabinets,  &C.-TO  BE  SOLD  by  AUCTION 
by  MESSRS. 

KNIGHT,  FRANK  &  RUTLEY,  at  their  Great 
Galleries    9.  Conduit  Street  and  23*,  Maddox  Street,   \V.,  on 
WEDNESDAY  NEXT,  April  15,  at  1  o'clock  precisely. 

On  view  two  daye  prior.    Catalogues  free. 


IHagajtms,  &c. 


T 


MR   MURRAY'S   NEW  BOOKS. 

JUST   OUT.     FIRST   EDITION   ALREADY   EXHAUSTED. 
SECOND  IMPRESSION  IN  THE  PRESS. 

THE  LIFE  AND  LETTERS  OF  JOHN  THADEUS  DELANE, 

EDITOR  OF  THE  TIMES,  1841-1877.  Containing  hitherto  Unpublished  Letters  of  Palmerston, 
Disraeli,  and  other  Statesmen,  and  numerous  Anecdotes  of  the  Court  aiicl  London  Society  in 
the  Reign  of  Queen  Victoria.  By  his  Nephew,  ARTHUR  IRWIN  DASENT.  With  Portraits 
and  other  Illustrations.     2  vols,  demy  8vo,  32s.  net. 


ON    MONDAY    NEXT. 

THE       EDINBURGH       REVIEW. 
No.  424.    APRIL,  1908.    8vo,  price  6s. 

1.  FENELON'S  FLOCK. 

2.  THE  PASTORAL  INDUSTRY  OF  THE  UNITED  KINGDOM 
».  WILLIAM  PITT,  EARL  OF  CHATHAM. 

4    A     DUTCH     BLUE-STOCKING     AND     QUAKER     OF     THE 

SEVENTEENTH  CENTURY. 
5.  THE  MODERN  ANGLER, 
a    DANTE   IN  ENGLISH  LITERATURE,  FROM  CHAUCER  TO 

CARY. 

7.  MR.  HARDY'S  'DYNASTS.' 

8.  ON  UGLINESS  IN  FICTION. 

»,  THE  POLITICS  OF  RADIO-TELEGRAPHY. 

10  MODERN  EGYPT. 

11  THE    TRAVELS    AND    POEMS    OF    CHARLES    MONTAGU 

DOUGHTY. 
13.  PARTIES  AND  POLITICS. 

LONGMANS,  GREEN  &  CO.  38,  Paternoster  Row,  London,  E.C. 

ON     MONDAY    NEXT. 

HE     ENGLISH     HISTORICAL     REVIEW. 

E.lited  by  REGINALD  L  POOLE,  M.A.  LL.D. 
No.  90.    APRIL,  1908.    Royal  8vo,  price  5s. 
Article*. 
THE  ENGLISH  AND  OSTMEN   IN  IRELAND.     By  Edmund 

Curtis. 
THE  CHANCERY  DURING  THE  MINORITY  OF  HENRY  III. 

By  W.  M.  Powickc. 
THE  AMALGAMATION  OF  THE    ENGLISH    MERCANTILE 

CRAFTS.     By  Miss  Stella  Kramer.    Part  II. 
THE    URW8BOOK8    AND    LETTERS   OF    NEWS    OF   THE 
RESTORATION.    By  J.  B.  Williams. 

ScU*  «'"<  Voemntntt.. 

I  UK    NEW    GREEK    HISTORICAL    FRAGMENT.     By  Prof. 
Goligher. 

THE  DOMESDAY  'ORA.'    By  J.  II.  Round.  LL.D. 

THE    HISTORY   OF   THE    WARS   OF    RELIGION    IN    THE 
PERIGORD  [1W8-1HH1     J;y  Maurice  Wilkinson. 

LORD  JOHN   RUSSELL'S  ATTEMPT  TO  FORM  A  GOVERN- 
MENT IN  1845.    By  the  Hon.  F.  H.  BariDg. 

And  Others. 
.  Btview*  «f  Book*.  4.  Short  Vottos* 

!  I   ROMANS,  GREEN  &  00.  88,  Paternoster  Row,  London,  E.C. 


CATHERINE  OF  BRAGANCA, 


INFANTA   OF    PORTUGAL    AND    QUEEN    CONSORT    OF    ENGLAND. 
CAMPBELL  DAVIDSON.     Demy  Svo,  15s.  net. 


By  LILLIAS 


This  is  a  life  not  merely  of  Queen  Catherine  but  also  of  Charles  II.  from  the  Restoration  to  his  death  and  a  history 
of  hi  Court  of  "teSf.^,1  cabals,  of  the  reigning  favourites  and  of :  their  banefu  influence  ^  »™h*stf 
Cleveland  Nell  Gwynn,  the  Duchess  of  Portsmouth,  Frances  Stuart,  and  the  rest  are  all  portrayed.  The  tiue  story 
of 'Catherine  of  Bra-anck  is here  told  from  original  sources.  Over  eighty  letters  in  her  own  hand  never  before  given  to 
the Tpubh"!  afford  most  interesting  glimpses  into  the  private  life  and  character  of  the  much-injured  Queen. 

LADY  LETTICE,  VI-COUNTESS  FALKLAND. 

By   JOHN    DUNCON.      Edited   by  Miss   M.    F.    HOWARD.      With   Illustrations.      Square 

demy  8vo,  6s.  net. 
This  is  a  reprint  of  a  quaint  monograph  on  Lady  Lettice  wife  of  the  celebrated  Lord  Falkland  J™j«en  by  her 
rwiain  John Duncon  D  D  in  104 7.  It  includes  extracts  from  a  devotional  work  which  he  had  made  for  her  use, 
i, ,  tftVlpof" it ^noisueJfeiles  There  is  also  a  reproduction  of  the  original  portrait-frontospiece landa  critical  and 
So^p&mtwdnS.  L^MClarendon  described^  as  "a  lady  of  most  extraordinary  wit  and  judgment,  and  of 
the  most  signal  virtue  and  exemplary  life  that  the  age  produced. 


BOOK   -   LOVER'S       MAGAZINE. 
V..1.  VII.  Part  5.    Cmtmd*. 
MODERN    ENGLISH   NOVEL.     Part  I.     By  W.  G.  Blackic 
Murdoch. 
TWO  ILLUSTRATED  SERMON  BOOKS.     ByG.R.  BedfrSf*.     With 

■>  Illustration?. 
■Olfl  DRAWINGS  BY  W.  W.  PEPLOE.    With  4  Illustrations. 
HANDPAINTING  AND  THE   PEARTREE  PRESS.    By  Gordon 
Bottomlaj.    with  «  Illustration*. 

- 1  B  M.  KING      By  E   A.  Tajlor.     With  n  Illustrations. 
BOOB  I'l.XTES.-REVIEWS  Of  RECENT  BOOK8.  Ac. 

It  M.  sent  po*t  free  i>er  Part ;  20«.  SuUcriptlon  Price  of  Volume. 
'JTTO    Ht'HUL/.E    *   CO.  20,  South    Frederick    8tre<*.    Edinburgh. 


FROM  PEKIN  TO  SIKKIM. 


By  Count  DE  LESDAIN.     With  Map  and  Illustrations.     Demy  8vo,  128.  net. 
Count  and  Countess  de  Lesdain  travelled  from  Pekin  through  the  little-known i  district ,  of 'the  ^™  *N^t  ttenc£ 

s^s»«Bares  ass«&t  sua  w^jsai  u  ss 

hardships.  . . 

THE  TRUTH  ABOUT  PORT  ARTHUR. 

By  Monsieur  E.  K.  NOJINE,  accredited  Russian  War  Correspondent  during  the  Siege.     Trans- 
lated and  Abridged  by  Capt.  A.  B.  LINDSAY,  Translator  of  '  The  Battle  of  Tsushima,    &c. 
Edited  by  Major  E.  D.  SWINTON,  D.S.O.     With  Map  and  Illustrations.     Demy  Svo,  15s.  net 
This  is  an  account  of  all  that  went  on  in  the  fortress  from  the  outbreak  of ^s^^o^^ujTender-of  tl, ^.render 

It  tells  many  secrets.  . 

INDIAN  PROBLEMS. 

By  S.  M.  MITRA.     With  an  Introduction  by  Sir  GEORGE  BIRDWOOD,  K.C.I.E.  C.S.I.  LL.D. 


Large  crown  Svo,  7s.  6&  net. 
Mr.  Mitra  is  distinguished  amo^stour^^ 


He  has  a 


thorou^c^  "**  "*  51WAS 

Ws  owfcoSy ™  alsTin  the  Nfcam'a  territory.     He  disapproves  of  Congress  me 
,1S:°.  V ,.""..; 'T>..;fi„i,w,,;   u„r.  »t.  the  same  time  is  able  to  point  out  some  of 


£s=s  ostisasssstJt  arras  sss=  iStasneSSJO^S 

English,  and  to  suggest  means  for  the  removal  of  them. 


Demy 


[Continued  on  p.  462.] 


THE  PLEASANT  LAND  OF  FRANCE. 

By  ROWLAND  E.  PROTHERO,  M.V.O.,  Author  of  'The  Psalms  in  Human  Life,  ftp 

8vo,  10*.  firt.  net.  Vranc(, .  French  farming,  with  special  reference  to  the  condition  of 

These  Essays  deal  with  life  in  »P~*"^n*™rf™*^f  imSSuSu^Sy  of  Eren.-h  agrarian  outrages  which  hare 

peasant  landowners  n  the  ^^Jw^l^t^&S^^i^tM  of  French  folk-lore  gathered  in  Tonrainc,  Berri 

mSi°FrSpcS^aS  PrU<,h«—  J  Fra,K°iS  °** 

THE  WARDENS   OF  THE  NORTHERN  MARCHES. 

The^" Memorial Lect"  M  on  October  4,  1907 .By  THOMAS  HODQKIN, 
B  A.  &LLL  D      In  paper  covers,  It.  net.     Published  for  the  University  of  London. 

THE     QUARTERLY     REVIEW. 


1.  CARDUCCI.    P>y  3.  Slingsby  Roberts. 

2.  LOCAL  GOVERNMENT. 

3.  GREEK    PAPYRI    AND    RECENT    DISCOVERIES. 

By  F.  O.  Kenyan. 
i.  COVENTRY  PATMORK.    By  Percy  Labbock. 
G    MOHAMMED  AND  ISLAM. 
6    A  FAMOUS  ETON  ROV8E. 

7.  RECENT  NAPOLEONIC  UTEKA  TCHE. 

8,  i  he      ELIZABETHAN     STAGE       Illustrated.       ny 

William  Archer. 


No.  415.     APRIL,  1908.     6*. 

9  THE  IDEAS  or  MR.  H.  a.  WBLLa 

A    GBNRB    PAINTER    AND    His    CRITICS.      Fy 


Roger  Fry. 
11.  ROOKS   AND   PAMPHLETS  OF  THE  CIVIL  WAR. 

IS.  gold  RESERVES.    By  Edgar  Cmmmond. 

18  THE    HEROIC   IDEAL  OF  THB   FRBN<  □   EPK  . 

Hy  Prof.  William  Wislar  Comfott. 
14    TEMPERANCE,  JUSTICE,  AND  THE  LICENSING 

BILL, 


JOHN  MURRAY,  Albemarle  Street,  W. 


|:;ti 


T  BE     A  Til  KNjEUM 


No.  41<)\  April  11,  1908 


S.T.E.N.  =  Societa  Tipografico=Editrice  Nazionale  =  S.T.E.N. 


FORMERLY 


ROUX  &  VIARENGO-TORINO-ROMA. 
MARCELLO  CAPRA-TORINO. 


Limited  Company 
Social  Capital  L.it.  900,000. 

GREAT    HISTORICAL    LIBRARY. 

Bcrsczio,  V.-IL  REGNO  DI  VITTORIO 
EMANUBLE  II.,  TRENT'  ANNI 
Dl  VITA  1TALIANA.    8  volumi  L.30 

Cadorna,  son.,  R.-LA  LIBERAZIONE 
DI  ROMA  NELL'  ANNO  1870. 
;;,i  edizione       

Carutti,     sen.,     D.  -  STORIA     DELLA 

*  "oliimi 


Residence  in  TURIN  (Italy) 
Via  Nizza,  147149. 


nun,      sen.,      xj.  —  oxv 
CORTE  DI  8AVOJA. 
Cavour,      C.-LETTERE 

rvrWl 


EDITE      ED 


TnE*D1TE.    6  volumi 
Cavour,      C.-NUOVE      LETTERE 

IN  EDITE,  raccolte    da    N.   BlANClll,    A. 

15FKT,  C.  Nigra,  E.  Mayor.    4  volumi 
Chiala,  sen.,  L.-PAGINE  DI   STORIA 

CONTEMPORANEA.     3  volumi 
Corte,  sen..C.-LE  CONQUISTE   E   LA 

d6mii^azione  DEGLI  INGLESI 

NELLE  INDIE.    1  volumi 
D'Ancona,    sen.,    A.-CARTEGGIO    DI 

MICHELE  AMARI.    3  volumi     . 
Del      Balzo,     C.  -  L'lTALIA     NELLA 

LETTERATURA      FRANCBSE. 

Di  Persano,  C— CAMPAGNA  NAVALE 

DEGLI  ANNI  1860-1861 

Fabris,  C.-GLI  AVVENIMENTI  MILI- 

TARI  DEL  1848  e  1849.    3  volumi 
Garibaldi,  G.-MEMORIE,  edit  diplomatka 

per  Ernesto  Nathan 

Giordano,  C.-GIOVANNI  PR  ATI 
Guardione,  P.-IL  DOMINIO  DEI  BOR- 

BONI   IN    SICILIA    DAL   1830    AL 

1861.    Vol.  Io         

Vol.  IIo,  di  prossima  pubblicazione. 
Minghetti,  M.-MIEI  RICORDI.    3  volumi 
Nelson,     Gay    H.  -  PUBBLICA    DIMO- 

STRAZIONE      DI    SIMPATIA     AL 

PAPA    PIO    IX.    E    ALL'    ITALIA, 

avvenuta  a  New  York  nel  1847 
Nobili-Vitelleschi,  P.— STORIA  CIVILE 

E  POLITICA  DEL  PAPATO    .. 
Rosi.M.-ILRISORGIMENTO  ITALIA- 

NO  E  L'AZIONE  D'UN  PATRIOTA 

COSPIRATORE  E  SOLDATO  .. 
Stiavelli.G.— ANTONIO  GUADAGNOLI 

E  LA  TOSCANA  DE'  SUOI  TEMPI 
Tavallini,  E.-LA  VITA  E  I  TEMPI  DI 

GIOVANNI  LANZA.    2  volumi.. 
Tivaroni,    C. -STORIA    CRITICA    DEL 

RISORGIMENTO     ITALIANO. 

4  volumi         


6  - 

15  - 

50  - 

25,50 
17,50 

10  - 

16  - 

10  - 

5  - 
14  - 

7  - 

8  - 

8  - 

13  - 

2  - 

8  - 

6  - 

7  - 
10  - 

34,50 


Caponi,  Jacopo.  —  RICORDI    DI    FOL- 

CHETTO.     Volume  di  470  pagine     ..        ..  L.  4,50 


COLLECTION    OF    ILLUSTRATED 
LUXURIOUS    VOLUMES. 

De   Amicis,  E.-LE   CARICATURE   DI 

TE  J  A L.  10    - 

Giacosa,  G.-CASTELLI  VALDOSTANI 
E  CANAVESANI       

Menghini,  M.-LA  SPEDIZIONE  GARI- 
BALDINA  DI  SICILIA  E  DI 
NAPOLI,  nei  proclami,  nelle  corrispon- 
denze,  nei  diarii  e  nelle  illustrazioni  del 
tempo 

Valeri,  A.,  e  Rusconi,  Art.  Jahn.-  LA 
VITA  DI  BENVENUTO  CELLINI. 
Illustrata        „  10 


15 


12  - 


L.  80 
„  100 


50 


G.  C.  ABBA'S   PUBLICATIONS. 

COSE  GARIBALDINE L.  3,50 

GARIBALDI,  discorso  detto  in  Campidoglio  „  1   — 

LA  VITA  DI  NINO  BIXIO.     Illustrata..  „  2  — 

VECCHI  VERSI ,  2  — 


VERSES. 

Collezione  di  volumi  di  lusso  in  carta  a 
mano  e  copertina  in  pergamena. 

Aganoor  -  Pompilj,      V.  —  LEGGENDA 

ETERNA    ..  L.    4  - 

Alighieri,  Dante.— LA  VITA  NUOVA,  con 

Te  illustrazioni  di  D.  G.  ROSSKTTI  ..  ..  „  4  — 
Costanzo,  G.  A -DANTE  Poena  ..  ..  „  4  — 
Orsini,  G.-POESIE.-  COMPLETE  „     5  - 

Pascarella,        C.  —  SONETTI       ROMA- 

NESCHI      ..  „     4  - 

Teresah.-NOVA  LYRICA „     4- 

Malngodi,  O.  -UN    LIBRO    DI    VERSI 

(di  prossima  publdicazione). 


GREAT    LIBRARY    OF    ARTS 

Agresti,  Antonio.-I  PRERAFAELLISTI 
CONTRIBUTO  ALLA  STORIA 
DELL'  ARTE.  Volume  in-8  mode, 
su  carta  patinata,  di  370  pagine,  con  lli  tavole 
eliotipiche  e  74  illustrazioni        L-  15   — 

Lovi.  Primo  (L'ltalico).  —  DOMENICO 
MORELLI  NELLA  VITA  E  NEL 
L'ARTE.  Volume  in-S  grande,  hu  carta 
paUnatft,  di  390  pagine,  con  28  tavole  elio- 
tipiche  e  150  illustrazioni ,,15   — 


LIBRARY    OF    ROME. 

Riccamente  Illustrata. 

Baracconi,    G.— I     RIONI     DI     ROMA. 

Volume  di  600  pagine         L.  6 

Rilegato  Elegantemente ,,  8 

Boissier,  G  — ROMA  E  POMPEI.    Volume 

di  520  pagine ..         ..         ..  ,,  5 

Rilegato  Elegantemente „  7 

Stendhal.— ROM  A.    Volume  di  720  pagine    . .  ,,  8 

Rilegato  Elegantemente „  10 


LIBRARY    OF    ARTS. 

Natali,  G.  ed  Vitelli,  E  -STORIA  DEL 
L'ARTE.  Nuova  edizione  interamente 
rifatta.  Opera  di  978  pagine,  con  634 
illustrazioni  L.    7,50 

Baracconi,  G.— VENERE.      Volume  di  380 

pagine,  con  43  tavole  fuori  testo  ..         ..  ,,      7   — 

Molmenti,    P.— IL    CARPACCIO    E    IL 

T1EPOLO.     Stndj  d'arte  veneziana  . .  „     4   — 

Molmenti,  P. -STUD J  E  RICERCHE  DI 

STORIA  E  D'ARTE 4,50 

Filippini,  L.  —  LA  SCULTURA  DEL 
TRECENTO  IN  ROMA,  con  prefazione 
di  Adolfo  Venturj.  Opera,  riccamente 
illustrata,  di  prossima  pubblicazione. 


REPRODUCTION  OF  ANCIENT 
DOCUMENTS. 

I  MANOSCRITTI  DI  LEONARDO  DA 
VINCI  DELLA  REALE  BIBLIO- 
TECA  DI  WINDSOR: 

DELL'  ANATOMIA,  fogli  A 

DELL' ANATOMIA,  fogli  B 

Rocchi,  E  -LE  PIANTE  ICONOGRA- 
FICHE  E  PROSPETTICHE  DI 
ROMA  NEL  SECOLO  XVI 


GIGGI     ZANAZZO'S 
PUBLICATIONS. 

TRADIZIONI  POPOLARI  ROMANE: 
I.-NOVELLE,  FA  VOLE   E  LEG- 
GENDE  ROMANESCHE. 

Volume  illustrato  . .  L.    4  — 

II.—  USI,  COSTUMI  E  PREGIUDIZI 
DEL  POPOLO  DI  ROMA.    Con 
le  stanipe  di  Bartoi.omeo  Pineli.i       „    5  — 
III.  e  IV.— (In  preparazione.) 
POttSIE    ROMANESCHE    EDITE    ED 

INEDITE 3  - 


LITERARY    STUDIES. 

Capuana,        L.    —  LETTERE       AL 

L'ASSENTE  L.    2  - 

Cesareo,  G.  A.— NUOVE  RICERCHE 
SU  LA  VITA  E  LE  OPERE  DI  GIA- 
COMO  LEOPARD  I    ..  •  ■    „    3,50 

1   D'Ambra,    L.-L  E     OPERE    E    GLI 

UOMINI „    5  - 

Garrone    e  Ragazzoni.— LA  VITA   E  LE 

OPERE  DI  EDOARO  ALLAN  POE     „    3  — 

Gropallo,     L.  -  AUTORI       ITALIANI 

D'  OGGI ,,    4  - 

Jannaccone,  P.— LA  FOESIA  DI  WALT 
WHITMAN  E  L'  EVOLUZIONE 
DELLE  FORME  RITMICHE  ..        ..    „    2  — 

Mantovani,  D.— LETTERATURA   CON- 

TEMPORANEA.    2a  edizione  ..    „    4  — 

Morello,  V.    (Rastignac).  —  L'ENERGIA 

LETTERARIA .    „    5  — 

Zampir.i-Salazar,  F.-LA  VITA  E  LE 
OPERE  DI  ROBERTO  BROWNING 
E  DI  ELISABETTA  BARRETT- 
BROWNING,  con  prefazione  di  Antonio 
Fogazzaro ,,  5    — 


GREAT    TECHNICAL    LIBRARY. 

FeiTaris.  O.-ELETTROTECNICA.ii'li 
zione,    un     volume    in-8    grande,   di    pagine 
432,  con  160  Hgure L.  15  — 

Grassi,  G.-PRINCIPII  SCIENTIFICI 
DELL'  ELETTROTECN1CA.  Un 
volume,  in-8  grande,  di  320  p;igine,  con  150 
figure „    12  — 

CORSO     DI     ELETTROTECNICA. 

Opera  di   1000  pagine,  con  circa  000  figure. 

•I  volumi  ..         . .    ,,  30  - 

MartoreUi,  G.-LE  MACCHINE  A  VA- 
PORE  MARINE.  Un  volume  di  900 
pagine,  illustrato  con  500  disegni  e  80  tavole. 
3a  edizione ..    ,,20  — 

Russo,  G.-MANUALE  DI  ARCHITET- 
TURA  NAVALE  AD  USO  DEGLI 
UFFICIALI  DI  MARINA.  DEI  CO- 
STRUTTORI  E  CAPITANI  MER- 
CANTILI  E  DEGLI  I8TITUTI. 
(; rosso  volume  con  oltre  500  disegni  e  tavole        ,  20    - 


COLLECTION    OF    ILLUSTRATED 
TECHNICAL    RECORDS. 

Bertoldo,  G.-I  DIAGRAMMI  ENTRO- 
PICI  DELLE  MOTRICI  A  VAPORE 

Montu.  C.-GLI  ACCOPPIATORI  AU- 
TOMATICI  PER  VEICOLI  FERRO- 
VIARI 

Moriondo.  E.-PRINCIPII  DI  TERMO- 
DINAMICA  GRAFICA 

LE  TURBINE  A  VAPORE     .. 

Panetti,  M.-PROVE  DEI  METALLI     .. 

Wehmeyer,  S.  A.-AL1MENTA  ZIONE, 
CONSERVAZIONE  E  FUNZIONA- 
MENTO  DELLE  CALDAJE  MA- 
RINE   


L.    2 


2  - 

3  - 

8  - 

5  - 


,.    2  - 


ROMANCES    OF    ITALIAN 
AUTHORS. 

Agresti,  A.— L'IDEA  CHE  UCCLDE  ..  L.  3,50 
Aleramo,  SibiUa. -UNA  DONNA  ..  ..  „  3,50 
Baccelli,  A.-LA  META..  „    3,50 

Castelli,    G.-I    CONQUISTATORI     DI 

ROMA  „    3,50 

Deledda,  Grazia -ELIAS  PORTOLU  ..  „  3- 
DOPO  IL  DIVORZIO       ,,3  — 

ILVECCHIO  DELLA  MO  NTAGNA    ,,    2,50 

De'  Rossi.  G.-MASCHIO  E  FEMMINA  „  2,50 
- — -  QUANDO  IL  SOGNO  E  FINITO  ..    „    3  - 

BACIAMI  E  POI     ..,  5a  edizione        ..     „    3  — 

LA  CONQUISTA  DEL  PARADISO, 

4a  edizione . .  „  3,50 

Luigi   di  San  Giusto.-UN    VINTO.     2a 

edizione          3,50 

■ — -  NENNELLA.    2a  edizione „  3  — 

LA  VITA  NUOVA „  3- 

MAESTRA  BELLA „  3  — 

IL  REDUCE „  3,50 

PRIMA  VERA        ITALICA,        RO- 
MAN ZO  STORICO „  3,50 

Regina  di  Luanto.— SALAMANDRA  ..  ,.  2  — 
OMBRA  E  LUCE.    2a  edizione  ..         ..    „  3  — 

LA  SCUOLA  DI  LINDA.    2a  edizione    „  3  — 

- — UN  MARTIRIO.    2a  edizione ,  2,50 

LIBERA 2,50 

LA  PROVA        „  3- 

LA  SERVETTA         ,  3,50 

GLI  AGONIZZANTI        ,3- 

IL  NUOVISSIMO  AMORE      ..        ..    „  3,50 

Tartufari,  Clarice.— RO VETO  ARDENTE  „  3,50 

IL  VOLO  D'ICARO           3,50 

Toscano,  F.-SILVIO  PREGATI 5- 


SALVATORE     FARINA'S 
PUBLICATIONS. 

Romances. 

IL  TESORO  DI  DONNINA.     5a  edizione   L.  3,50 

CAPELLI  BIONDI.    6a  edizione       3,50 

MIO  FIGLIO!    m  edizione         5  — 

PE'  BELLI  OCCHI  DELLA  GLORIA. 

5a  edizione                ..    ,,  3  50 

PER   LA   VITA   E   PER    LA    MORTE. 

3a  edizione ,,  3,50 

UN  TESTAMENTO.    3a  edizione      1,50 

Theatre. 

AMORE  CIECO,  commedia       ,,    2  — 

COSCIENZA  ELASTICA,  commedia         ..    „    2  — 


ALBO  D'ONORE  A  SALVATORE 
FARINA,  NELL'  OCCASIONE  DEL 
SUO  GIUBILEO  LETTERARIO      ..    L.  2 


Ask,  with  simple  Visiting  Card,  the  gratuitous  Monthly  Review  BIBLI0GRAFIA  S.T.E.N. 


No.  4198,  April  11,  1908 


THE    ATHEN^UM 


437 


ON  WEDNESDAY  NEXT,  April  15,  the  First  Number  of  THE  COUNTRY 
HOME,  an  illustrated  Monthly  Magazine  which  will  appeal  to  all 
Lovers  of  Nature,  will  be  published,  price  6d.  net 


MY  SCHOOL  AND  MY  GOSPEL.    An  Important 

Contribution  to  the  History  of  Art  in  the  Nineteenth  Century.  By 
Sir  HUBERT  VON  HERKOMER.     Illustrated.    21s.  net. 

ICEBOUND    HEIGHTS    OF    THE    MUSTAGH. 

Exploration  and  Climbing  in  the  Himalaya.  By  FANNY  BULLOCK 
WORKMAN  and  WILLIAM  HUNTER  WORKMAN.  Illustrated. 
21s.  net. 

THE  PULSE  OF  ASIA.    A  Journey  in  Central 

Asia  illustrating  the  Geographic  Basis  of  History.  By  ELSWORTH 
HUNTINGTON.     Fully  illustrated.     Demy  8vo,  14s.  net. 

"'The  Pulse  of  Asia'  is  one  of  those  rare   books  of   travel  which  is 
inspired  by  an  idea,  one  of  the   books  which  a  man  cannot  read  without 

feeling  himself  quickened  and  invigorated brimful  of  human  interest." 

Morning  Post. 

THE    SOUL    OF    SPAIN.      By  Havelock  Ellis. 

With  Photogravure  Frontispiece.     Demy  8vo,  7s.  6eJ.  net. 

THE    PROCEDURE     OF     THE    HOUSE     OF 

COMMONS.  By  JOSEF  REDLICH.  With  an  Introduction  by 
Sir  COURTENAY  ILBERT,  K.C.S.I.    3  vols.    31s.  6d.  net. 

MEMOIRS  OF  MONSIEUR  CLAUDE,  Chief  of 

Police  under  the  Second  Empire.     Illustrated.     12s.  Qd.  net. 

NEW  POEMS.    By  St.  John  Lucas.    Crown  8vo, 

5s.  net. 
The  poems  comprised  in  this  inspiriting  volume  are  both  versatile  and 
vigorous,  they  are  well  felt  and  expressed  with  a  heartsome  rhythm." 

Scotsman. 

PORTUGUESE  ARCHITECTURE.    ByW.Crum 

WATSON.     Illustrated.     Super-royal  8vo,  25s.  net. 
1 '  Fifty  years  ago,  Fergusson  complained  that  nothing  was  known  about 
Portuguese  architecture.     Mr.  Watson's  study  fills  the  blank,  and  fills  it  most 
completely.     As  a  piece  of  good,  solid  work  in  a  somewhat  new  field,  it  is 
deserving  of  the  highest  praise." — Scotsman. 

THE  SYMBOLIST    MOVEMENT    IN  LITERA- 
TURE.    By  ARTHUR  SYMONS.    New  Edition.    Demy  8vo,  5s.  net. 

LETTERS      FROM     THE     RAVEN.        Corre 


spondence  of   Lafcadio   Hearn. 
5s.  net 


Edited  by  MILTON    BRONNER. 


CONSTABLE'S    "WESTMINSTER"    SERIES. 

Uniform.     Fully  illustrated.     Extra  crown  8vo,  price  Gs.  net  each. 
LATEST    VOLUMES. 

THE  BOOK ;  ITS  HISTORY  AND  DEVELOP 

MKNT.     By  CYRIL  DAVENPORT,  V.D.  F.S.A. 

GLASS.    By  Walter  Rosenhain,  Superintendent 

of  the  Department  of  Metallurgy  in  the  National  Physical  Laboratory. 

PATENTS,   TRADE   MARKS,  AND    DESIGNS. 

l'.y    KENNETH    R.   SWAN,    B.A.    (Oxon.),   of    the   Inner    Temple, 
Barrister -at- Law. 

PRECIOUS   STONES.    With  a  Chapter  on  Arti- 
ficial Stones.    By  W.  OOODCHILI),  M.B.  B.Ch. 


READY    SHORTLY. 
THE    NORTH-WEST    PASSAGE. 


Being    the 


record  of  a  voyage  of  exploration  of  the  ship  Gjoa,  1903-1907.  By 
ROALD  AMUNDSEN.  With  a  Supplement  by  First  Lieutenant 
GODFRED  HANSEN,  Vice-Commander  of  the  Expedition.  2  vols., 
nearly  800  pp.    With  139  Illustrations  and  3  Maps.     31s.  6d.  net. 

THE    LATER    YEARS    OF    CATHERINE    DE 

MEDICI.     By  EDITH  SICHEL.     Demy  8vo.    Illustrated.     15s.  net, 

A  HISTORY  OF  THE  VOLUNTEER  FORCES, 

from  the  Earliest  Times  to  the  year  1870.  By  CECIL  SEBAG 
MONTEFIORE,  Captain  and  Hon.  Major  1st  Midd.  Royal  Engineers. 
With  4  Coloured  and  4  Photogravure  Illustrations.     15s.  net. 

ELIZABETHAN  DRAMA,  1558-1642.    By  Felix 

EMANUEL  SCHELLING,  Professor  of  English  in  the  University  of 
Pennsylvania.     2  vols.     Sis.  6d.  net. 

LIFE  AND  LETTERS  OF  H.  TAINE.    Vol.  Ill, 

Conclusion,   1871-1894.      Translated  from   the  French  by  E.   SPAR- 
VEL-BAYLY.      With  a  Prefatial   Note   by  THOMAS    SECCOMBE, 
and  a  General  Index.     Crown  8vo,  7s.  6d.  net. 
Previously  published,   uniform   with   the  above  —  Vol.   I.,     1828-1852; 
Vol.  II.,  1853-1870.     7s.  6d.  net  each. 

TRAGEDY.    By  Ashley  H.  Thorndike.    Professor 

at  Columbia  University.     Small  crown  8vo,  6s.  net. 

[Types  of  English  Literature  Series. 

BY    THAMES    AND    COTSWOLD.       By    Rev. 

W.  H.  HUTTON,  B.D.  Second  Edition,  with  Four  New  Chapters. 
Illustrated  by  W.  M.  MEREDITH.     5*.  net. 

NEW  SIX-SHILLING   NOVELS. 

THE    TREE    OF    HEAVEN. 

BY 

ROBERT  W.  CHAMBERS, 

Author  of  '  The  Fighting  Chance,  '  The  Younger  Set,'  Ac. 

[On  Wednesday  ne.it. 

READY  TO-DAY. 

M     A    R     0     T     Z. 

BY 

JOHN    AYSCOUGH. 
THE    ANCIENT    LAW. 

By   ELLEN  GLASGOW, 
Author  of  'The  Deliverance.' 

A    COMEDY    OF    MOODS. 

By  GRKVILLE   H.  TKMPANY. 

THE    DAUGHTER. 

Hv  CONSTANCE  SMKD1.1  N 
Author  of  'Conflict. 

THE  BURNING    CRESSET. 

By  HOWARD    PEASE, 
Author  of  '  Magnus  Sinclair.' 


London:    ARCHIBALD  CONSTABLE  &  CO.   Ltd.   10  Orange  Street,  W.C. 


138 


T  II  E     AT  II  KNiEUM 


No.  41 08,  April  11,  1908 


a.   &  c.  blacks  THE  NOVELS  YOU  WANT 

THE  NAME  OF  GREENING  ON  A  BOOK  IS  A  GUARANTEE  OF  EXCELLENCE. 
AS  GOOD   AS   THE  SCARLET   PIMPERNEL. 

BEAU    BROCADE.      By  the  Baroness  Orczy. 

OVER    20,000    COPIES    SOLD.      SIXTH  EDITION  NOW  BEAUT.     6s. 

"A  gallant  swinging  romance." — Times. 

"  The  hook  is  a  triumph  of  good  rushing  narrative." — Morning  Post. 

"  Well  fitted  to  catch  the  popular  fancy." — Scotsman. 

"  The  Baroness  Orczy  has  a  very  pleasant  feeling  for  the  methods  of  historical  romance,  and  always 
writes  with  plenty  of  sentiment  and  animation." — Standard. 

"  The  author  unfolds  her  plot  with  snob  rare  skill  and  such  rapidity  that  the  reader  follows  it  with 

breathless  interest The  story  has  just  that  atmosphere  of  vigorous  and  gallant  daring  which  makes 

the  fascination  of  '  The  Scarlet  Pimpernel.'  " — Nottinyliam  Guardian. 


THE     TESTAMENTS     OF 

THE  TWELVE  PATRIARCHS.     Trans 
lated  from  the  Editor's  Greek  Text,  and  Edited, 

with    Introduction,     X'>t<-s,    and     Indices,     by 

ft,  ll.  CHARLES,    D.Litt   D.D.,  Fellow  of 

t ho  British  Academy,  Author  of  'The  Apoca- 
lypse of  B.iruch,'  'The  Assumption  of  Moses," 
So.     Demy  8vo,  cloth.  Price  15s.  net. 


INDICES      TO       DIATES- 

SARICA.  With  a  Specimen  of  Research. 
By  EDWIN  A.  ABBOTT,  Author  of  'Johan- 
nine  Grammar,'  and  '  Silanus  the  Christian.' 
Demy  8vo,  cloth.  Price  2s.  6d.  net. 

a  Popular    history 

OF  ASTRONOMY  DURING  THE 
NINETEENTH  CENTURY.  By  AGNES 
M.  CLERKE,  Author  of  '  The  System  of  the 
Stars,'  &c.  Fourth  Edition,  Revised  and 
Corrected,  containing  6  Full-Page  Illustrations. 
Post  8vo,  cloth.  Price  7s.  6d.  net. 

STUDIES        IN        FOSSIL 

BOTANY.  By  D.  H.  SCOTT,  M.A.  Ph  D. 
F.  R.  S. ,  Author  of  'An  Introduction  to  Struc- 
tural Botany.'  Second  Edition,  containing  212 
Illustrations.     In  2  vols.     Vol.  I.      6s.  net. 

A      PLANT      BOOK     FOR 

SCHOOLS.  Being  an  easy  Introduction  to 
the  Study  of  Plant  Life.  By  OTTO  V. 
DARBISHIRE,  B.A.  Ph.D.  Containing  115 
Illustrations  from  Photographs  specially  taken 
by  the  Author.  Demy  8 vo,  cloth.  Price  2s.  6d. 

KAFIR    SOCIALISM,    and 

the   Dawn  of  Individualism.     An 

Introduction  to  the  Study  of  the  Native 
Problem.  By  DUDLEY  KIDD,  Author  of 
'The  Essential  Kafir,' and  'Savage  Childhood.' 
Large  crown  8vo,  cloth.     Price  7s.  6d.  net. 

LETTERS   OF   DR.   JOHN 

BROWN.  With  Letters  from  Ruskin, 
Thackerav,  and  Others.  Edited  by  his  Son  acd 
D.  W.  FORREST,  M.A.  D.D.  With  Bio- 
graphical Introductions  by  ELIZABETH  T. 
McLAREN.  Second  Edition,  demy  8vo, 
cloth.  Price  10s.  6d.  net. 

LITERARY    AND    HISTO- 

RICAL  ESSAYS.  By  HENRY  GREY 
GRAHAM,  Author  of  '  Social  Life  of  Scotland 
in  the  Eighteenth  Century.'  With  a  Frontis- 
piece Portrait,  and  a  Biographical  Sketch  of 
the  Author.    Post  8vo,  cloth.    Price5s.net. 

EN    SPAIN.      By  John  Lomas, 

Editor  of  '  O'Shea's  Guide  to  Spain.'  With  50 
Illustrations  from  Photographs,  and  a  large 
Map  in  Colour.     Cloth,  gilt  top.        6s.  net. 

MONTREUX.     Painted  by  J. 

HARDWICKE  LEWIS  and  MAY  HARD- 
WICKE  LEWIS.  Described  by  FRANCIS 
H.  GRIBBLE.  Containing  20  Full-Page 
Illustrations  in  Colour,  and  a  Sketch  Map. 
Cloth,  gilt  top.  Price  7s.  6d.  net. 

WINDSOR.    Painted  by  George 

M.  HENTON.  Described  by  Sir  RICHARD 
RIVINGTON  HOLMES,  K.C.V.O.  Con- 
taining 20  Full-Page  Illustrations  in  Colour. 
Cloth,  gilt  top.  Price  7s.  6d.  net. 

LETTERS   FROM  QUEER 

STREET.  By  J.  H.  M.  ABBOTT,  Author 
of  'Tommy  Cornstalk,'  '  AnOutlander  in  Eng- 
land,' &c.     Crown  8vo,  cloth.  Price  6s. 


JUST  PUBLISHED,  LUCAS  CLEEVE'S  LATEST  AND  BEST. 

THE    CARDINAL  AND   LADY  SUSAN. 

The  Yorkshire  Post,  on  Lucas  Cleeve's  books,  paraphrases  the  famous  Cornish  comparison 
between  women  and  pilchards  :  ' '  When  they  'se  good  they  'se  very,  very  good,  and  when  they  'se 
middling  they 'se  better  than  most." 

"VERY,  VERY  GOOD,"  IS  THE  NEW  NOVEL. 


THE   CARDINAL  AND   LADY   SUSAN. 


By  LUCUS  CLEEVE. 
FIRST  LARGE  IMPRESSION  NOW  ON  SALE. 


6s. 


JUST  PUBLISHED.  H.  TOWNLEY'S  NEW  NOVEL. 

THE     SPLENDID     COWARD. 

A  Strong  Dramatic  Story  of  Love  and  Hate. 

By  HOUGHTON  TOWNLEY,  Author  of  '  The  Bishop's  Emeralds.'  6s. 

With  Cover  Design  in  Colours  by  LEWIS  BAUMER. 

THE    BLUE    OCEAN'S    DAUGHTER. 


A  Charming  Romance  Charmingly  Told. 

By  CYRUS  T.  BRADY,  Author  of  '  Richard  the  Brazen,'  Ac 


6s. 


A.  &  C.  BLACK,  Soho  Square,  London,  W. 


LEROUX. 

By  Hon.  Mrs.  WALTER  FORBES.     6s. 


LET   ERIN   REMEMBER. 

By  MAY  WYNNE.     6s. 


One  of  the  BEST  REVIEWED  BOOKS  of  the  Season  is 

THE       GANG. 

Written  and  Illustrated  by  DAVID  WHITELAW.  3s.  6d. 

"It  is  remarkable  that,  with  so  many  incidents  packed  into  a  couple  of  hundred  pages,  the  author 

has  managed  to  keep  his  head A  rollicking  farce,  in  which  we  rush  all  over  Europe  and  hold  our 

breath  at  the  speed  and  diversity  of  complications." — Daily  Telegraph. 


TWO   BOOKS   BY   TWO   NEW   AUTHORS   OF   PROMISE. 

THE 

HARVEST  OF  DECEIT.  I    THE    PLACE    TAKER. 

6S. 

By  CLIVE  PEMBERTON.                                           By  PETER  EARLSTON.                6s. 

A  REMARKABLE    NOVEL   BY    "THE   JEWISH   KIPLING." 

THE    NEW    GALATEA. 

By  SAMUEL   GORDON. 

"A  clever  and  well-written  novel." — Daily  Mail. 

"  Mr.  Cordon  handles  a  bold  theme  with  a  delicacy  which  disarms  criticism." — Daily  Graphic. 


A  SPEC/MEN  COPY  of  THE     IMP,    a   Penny  Monthly  Magazine,  will  be  sent 
free  to  any  reader  of  the  Axbwxmuh  applying  before  April  15. 

GREENING  &  CO.,  Ltd.,  91,  St.  Martins  Lane,  W.C. 


No.  4198,  April  11,  1908 


THE     ATHEN^UM 


439 


WELLS    GARDNER,    DARTON    &    CO.,    LTD. 

ELLICE   HOPKINS:   a  Memoir.     By  Rosa  M.  Barrett.     Intro- 

duction  by  the  Rev.  Canon  H.  SCOTT  HOLLAND.    With  Portrait.    Crown  8vo,  cloth  boards,  3s.  6d. 

[Second  Edition  in  the  press. 
"  Of  Miss  Hopkins's  power  Bishop  Lightfoot  said,  'She  is  the  ablest  woroan  I  have  ever  met.'    This  memoir  ought 
to  prove  a  source  of  inspiration  to  thousands." — Church  Times. 

TOWERS  AND   SPIRES :   their  Design  and  Arrangement.    By 

the  Rev.  E.  TYRRELL  GREEN,  M.A.,  Lecturer  in  Architecture  at  St.  David's  College,   Lampeter.     With  129 
Illustrations  from  Pen-and-ink  Drawings  by  the  Author,  and  2  Maps.    Royal  8vo,  cloth  boards,  10s.  6d. 

"  Many  men  not  professionally  interested  will  take  a  pleasure  in  reading  this  book A  valuable  systematic  account 

of  the  various  styles The  details  happily  reproduced  in  the  illustrations."— Scotsman. 

TOWERS  AND  SPIRES. 

"  A  volume  which  will  be  appreciated  by  many  who  have  no  particular  architectural  or  ecclesiological  gifts.... We 

have  nothing  but  praise  for  the  greater  part  of  the  letterpress A  good  piece  of  writing  —  Most  informing." 

Athenceum. 


JTJST 
PUBLISEED, 


ORIGINES    EUCHARISTIC.E.      A   Study  of   the 

Liturgy  under  the  Light  of  recently  Published  Documents.  By  the  Rev.  A.  E.  ALSTON; 
Rector  of  Earl's  Framingham,  Norwich,  and  the  Rev.  ZOUCH  H.  TURTON,  Perpetual 
Curate  of  St.  Mary's,  South  Town,  Great  Yarmouth.     Crown  8vo,  paper,  Is. 


THE  LIFE  OF  THE  WAITING  SOUL  IN  THE  INTERMEDIATE 

STATE.     By  the  Rev.   R.    E.    SANDERSON,   D.D.,  Canon  Residentiary  of  Chichester,   Yicar  of  St.    Michael, 
Brighton,  Author  of  '  What  is  the  Church  ? '    Seventh  Edition.     Fcap.  8vo,  cloth,  2s.  6d. 
"  I  would  recommend  you  a  book  which  I  believe  to  be  thoroughly  sound,  which  I  have  read  to-day,  called  "The  Life 
of  the  Waiting  Soul,'  by  Dr.  Sanderson.     You  will  find  there  all  the  sound  conclusions  which  are  in  the  other  book,  but  it 
seems  to  me  a  more  balanced  statement  of  the  truth." — Bishop  of  London,  at  Highgate. 

OUR  FRIENDS  IN  PARADISE ;  or,  Sanctorum  Dulcis  Memoria. 

With  Introduction  by  the  Most  Rev.  the  ARCHBISHOP  OF  YORK.     Fifth  Edition.     Small  4to,  cloth,  3s.  6d.  ; 
calf,  7s.  6d.    Cheap  Edition,  without  Floral  Border,  cloth,  Is.  6d.  ;  calf  or  morocco,  8s. 

TWENTIETH    CENTURY    LESSONS    FROM    THE    ANCIENT 

SAINTS.     By  C.  L.  COOPER.     With  Outline  Illustrations  from  the  Old  Masters.     Imp.  32mo,  cloth,  Is. 
"  Until  it  becomes  the  fashion  to  make  religious  instruction  among  children  of  the  wealthy  classes  compulsory,  there 
could  be  no  better  thing  for  them  than  to  have  this  book  given  to  them." — Westminster  Gazette. 

THE   LITTLE   LIVES   OF    THE   SAINTS.      Told  by   the  Rev. 

PERCY  DEARMER,  M.A.,  Vicar  of  St.  Mary  the  Virgin,  Hampstead.    Illustrated  by  CHARLES  ROBINSON. 
Second  Edition.     Fancy  cloth,  2s.  6d. 

LEGENDS  OF  SAINTS  AND  BIRDS.     Written  and  Illustrated 


by  AGNES  A.  HILTON.     Fancy  cloth,  2s.  6dt. 

REVISED  THROUGHOUT,  AND  WITH  A  NEW  PREFACE. 


[In  the  press. 


THE    INFLUENCE    OF    CHRISTIANITY    UPON    NATIONAL 

CHARACTER.     Illustrated  by  the  Lives  and  Legends  of  the  English  Saints.     By  the  Rev.  W.  H.  HUTTON,  M.A. 
6s.  net.     A  Cheap  Issue  of  the  Bampton  Lectures  for  1903.  [In  a  few  days. 


CHURCH   OR   CHAPEL?    An  Eirenicon.    By  the 

Itev.   JOSEPH    HAMMOND,   LL.B.   B.A.,   sometime  Vicar  of  St.   Austell,   Canon  of 
Truro.     Fifth  Edition.     A  Cheap  Edition,  in  paper  covers,  Is.  net ;  cloth  boards,  5s. 


NEW  AND 
CHEAP  EDITION. 


THE    CHURCH    HANDBOOK,    for    Members    of   the    Anglican 

Communion.     By  P.  VERNON  SMITH,  LLD.,  Chancellor  of  the  Diocese  of  Manchester.     Small  crown  8vo,  cloth 
boards,  2s.  6rf.  net. 
"  Of  real  value  —  Chancellor  Smith  is  a  high  authority,  and  his  book  should  be  in  the  hands  of  every  Churchman." 

Guardian. 
BY  THE   SAME  AUTHOR. 

THE  LAW  OF  CHURCHWARDENS  AND  SIDESMEN  IN  THE 

TWENTIETH  CENTURY.    Cloth  boards,  2s.  net.    Fourth  Edition. 
"  Altogether  an  admirable  production."— Guardian. 
"  We  have  discovered  no  book  which  so  concisely,  accurately,  and  conveniently  gives  what  is  wanted." 

School  Guardian. 

SALT    AND    SINCERITY.      From    'Letters    to    Belinda.'      By 

ARTHUR  L  HUMPHREYS  ("Arthur  Pendenys").     Crown  8vo,  cloth,  3s.  6rf.  net. 
"  Full  of  good  thing*  —  Should  be  welcomed  by  all."— Daily  Mail. 


POST-FREE 

ON 

APPLICATION. 


A  SPECIAL  LIST  OF  BOOKS  SUITABLE  FOR  LENT  AND  EASTER, 
together  with  a  List  of  Boobs  by  the  Bishop  of  London,  the 
late  Bishop  of  St.  Andrews  (Bishop  G.  H.  Wilkinson),  the  Bishop 
of  Gloucester,   &c,  &c,  &c. 


WELLS   GARDNER,    DARTON    *   CO.,    Limited, 
3,    Paternoster    Buildings,    London,    E.C- 


MESSRS.  LONGMANS  &G0.'S  LIST. 


GERMANY   IN    THE   EARLY 
MIDDLE  AGES,  476-1250. 

By  WILLIAM  STUBBS,  D.D., 

Formerly  Bishop  of  Oxford  and  Regius  Professor  of  Modern 
History  in  the  University  of  Oxford. 

Edited  by  ARTHUR  HASSALL,  M.A., 

Student,  Tutor,  and  sometime  Censor  of  Christ  Church, 

Oxford. 

With  2  Maps.     8vo,  6s.  net  (postage  id.). 

THE    ADMIRALTY    OF    THE 
ATLANTIC. 

An  Enquiry  into  the  Development  of  German 

Sea  Power— Past,  Present,  and  Prospective. 

By  PERCIVAL  A.  HISLAM. 

With  21  Illustrations  (16  Full-Page),  and  a  Map  of  the 
North  Sea.    8vo,  6s.  6<f.  net  (postage  id.). 

"A  volume  to  be  cordially  recommended  to  all 
advocates  of  a  strong  navy,  and  to  all  Tariff 
Reformers. " —  World. 

"Mr.  Percival  Hislam  strikes  the  right  note  in 
this  book.     He  points  out  that  Germany  is  putting 

far  more  energy  into  the  struggle  than  Britain 

With  full  confidence  in  the  Board  of  Admiralty 
one  could  nevertheless  wish  that  the  patrols  of  the 
North  Sea  were  promptly  increased,  for  this  book 
should  help  Britannia  to  decide  whether  she  will 
retain  or  surrender  the  trident  of  Neptune." 

Mr.  Arnold  Whitk  in  the  Daily  Chronicle. 

CHEAP   IMPRESSION. 

THE  iENEID  OF  VIRGIL  TRANS 

LATED  INTO  ENGLISH  VERSE.  By 
JOHN  CONINGTON,  M.A.  Crown  8vo, 
2s.  6d.  net  (postage  4rf.). 

PARERGA:    being    a    Companion 

Volume  to  '  Under  the  Cedars  and  the  Stars.' 

By  the  Very  Rev.  P.  A.  Canon  SHEEHAN. 

Crown  8vo,  7s.  M.  net  (postage  5d. ). 

"  It  pleases  scarcely  less  by  its  desultoriness  and 

its  frequent  surprises  than  by  the   lightly  carried 

learning  and  good  taste  with  which  it   refreshes 

the  interest  of  the  thousand  matters  touched  upon. 

It  will  be  read  with  unflagging  interest  by  readers 

of  culture." — Scotsman. 

THE   DARK   AGES,  AND  OTHER 

POEMS.     By  "L."     Crown  8vo,  2s.  6d.  net 

(postage  3d.). 

The  suggestion  of  the  opening  poem  in  this  I'olume 

of  miscellaneous  lyrical  pieces  is  that  the  trite  dark 

ages  are  the  present  times,  with  their  factories  and 

vulgar  villas. 

"The  writer  has  a  cultured,  well-stored  mind, 
has  travelled  far  and  observed  keenly,  and  writes 
with  easy  grace  that  finds  expression  in  sweet 
conceits  and  many  charming  thoughts." 

Scottish  Chronicle, 

THE  OXFORD  LIBRARY  OF  PRACTICAL 

THEOLOGY. 

Edited  by  the  Rev.  W.  C.  K.  NBWBOLT,  M.A.,  Canon 
and  Chancellor  of  St.  Pauls;  and  the  Rev.  DARWKI.I, 
STONE,  M.A.,  Librarian  of  Posey  House,  Oxford. 

The  following  TWO  NEW  VOLUMES  are  NOW 
READY.     Price  6s.  each  (postage  4td,  each). 

THE      SACRAMENT       OF      THE 

ALTAR.  By  the  Rev.  W.  C.  E.  NEWBOLT, 
M.A. 

THE    THREE    CREEDS       By   the 

Right  Rev.  E.  C.  S.  GIBSON,  D.D.,  Bishop  of 

Gloucester. 

LIBERAL     AND     MYSTICAL 

WRITINGS  OF  WILLIAM  LAW.  With 
an  Introduction  by  WILLIAM  SCOTT 
PALMER,  Author  of  'An  Agnostic's  Progress,' 

fee.,  with  ■  Prefaoe  by  WILLIAM  PORCHEP, 

I)U  BOSE,  M.A.  Crown  Svo,  2s.  6rf.  net 
(postage  4'/. ). 

LONGMANS,  GREEN  A  CO. 
39,    Paternoster    Row,    London,    E.C. 


II" 


Til  E     ATI!  KNJEUM 


No.  4 1 


April  11,  1908 


SEVENTH   THOUSAND. 

MODERN    EGYPT. 

Ii V    TIIK 

EARL  OF   CROMER. 

With  Portrait  of  the  Author  and  ■  Map. 
J  rob.  Bit.  not. 

THE  STORY  OF  THE  GUIDES^ 

itv  GoL  <:  I.  F0UNGHU8BAND,  O.B.,  Quen'a  Own 
Corpt  of  Cuiilts.  Willi  Illu.st  rations.  Svo,  It,  id.  net. 
A  pobHw  record  <>f  the  ben  nitn  «f  service— the 
Mutiny,  Kabul,  Afghan  War,  Ut?8  80,  Chitral,  the  Mala- 
fcaad,  and  minor  wars  -seen  by  the  corps  since,  some  sixty 
\iars  ago,  it  was  originated  by  Sir  Henry  Lawrence  and 
raised  by  Sir  Harry  Luinsden. 

GENERAL  HISTORY  OF 
WESTERN    NATIONS    FROM 

5000  B.C.  TO  1900  A.D. 

By  KMIL  REICH,  Doctor  Juris,  Author  of  'Atlas  of 

English  History,'  Ac,  Part  I.  ANTIQUITY.     Vols.  I. 

ana  II.    8vo,  16#.  net. 

The  two  volumes  treat  (1)  of  the  method  of  history  ;  (2) 

of  the  great  inland  empires  of  Egypt.  Assyria.  Babylon,  the 

llittites,  Ac.  ;  (X)  of  the  border  nations  called  the  Hebrews, 

the  Phoenicians,  and  the  Archaic  Hellenes;  (4)  the  historic 

Greeks;  (6)  the  Romans. 


ATLAS   ANTIQUUS. 

In  Forty-eight  Original,  Graphic  Maps,  with  Elaborate 
Text  to  each  Map,  and  full  Index.  By  Dr.  EMIL 
REICH.     Crown  4to,  10*.  net. 

THE  POCKET  KIPLING. 

Scarlet  limp  leather,  5s.  net  per  vol. 

JUST  SO  STORIES  FOR  LITTLE 
CHILDREN.      Illustrated. 

HIGHWAYS  AND  BYWAYS 
IN  HAMPSHIRE. 

By  I).  H.  MOUTRAY  READ.  With  Illustrations  by 
ARTHUR  B.  CONNOR.     Extra  crown  8vo,  6s. 


THE  DIARY  OF 
JOHN    EVELYN. 


With  an  Introduction 
and  Notes. 


By  AUSTIN  DOBSON,  Hon.  LL.D.Edin. 

Crown  8vo,  3s.  6d.  ;  or  limp  leather,  5s.  net. 

[The  Globe  Library. 


H.M.I. 


SOME  PASSAGES  IN  THE  LIFE 
OP  ONE  OP  H.M.  INSPECTORS 
OP  SCHOOLS. 

By  E.  M.  SNEYD-KYNNERSLEY,  formerly  H.M.I. 

North-West  Division.    8vo,  8«.  6d.  net. 


SECOND  IMPRESSION. 

THE  APPEARANCES  OF  OUR 
LORD  AFTER  THE  PASSION. 

A  Study  in  the  Earliest  Christian  Tradition.  By 
HENRY  BARCLAY  SWETE,  D.D.  Crown  Svo,  Is.  M. 
net. 

EVERSLEY  S£/?/£S.-New  Volumes. 

LIFE  OF  RICHARD  COBDEN. 

By  JOHN  MORLEY.    2  vols.    Globe  8vo,  8s.  net. 

EPIC  AND  ROMANCE. 

Essays  on  Medieval  Literature.  By  Prof.  W.  P.  KER. 
NEW  AND  CHEAPER  EDITION.     Globe  8vo,  is.  net 

THE  PRIMADONNA.  ijgggg£? 

By  F.  MARION  CRAWFORD. 

Extra  crown  8vo,  0«. 

CONFESSIO  MEDICI. 

By  the  Writer  of  'The  Young  People.'    Extra  crown 

8vo,  3*-.  6d.  net. 
*»•  A  volume  of  essays,  full  of  warm-hearted  kindliness 
and  quick  humour,  that  appeal  to  all  who  bike  an  interest 
in  suffering  humanity. 

THE     SCARECROW    OR 
THE  GLASS  OF  TRUTH. 

A  Tragedy  of  the  Ludicrous.  By  PERCY  MACKAYE. 
Crown  Svo,  5«.  net. 

MACMILLAN    &    CO.,  Ltd.,    London. 


HURST  &  BLACKETT'S 
NEW  SIX  SHILLING  NOVEL?. 


xo  »r  read  y. 

NEW  VOLUME  BY  SARAH  GRAND. 
Author  of  'Tin-  Heavenly  Twins,1  &e. 

EMOTIONAL    MOMENTS. 

NKW  NOVEL  BY  RALI'H  RODD, 

Author  of  '  A  Tighter  in  Khaki.' 

THE  HAND  ON  THE  STRINGS. 

"  A  novel  of  adventure  skilfully  enough  put  together." 

Scotsman. 

NEW  NOVEL  BY  A  NEW  WRITER. 

THE    SQUATTER'S    WARD. 

By  E.  S.  SORENSON. 

"  It  is  a  relief  to  have  this  kind  of  story  told  with  the 
vigour  and  knowledge  of  Australian  life  with  which  Mr. 
Sorenson  tells  it.  He  succeeds  in  making  a  quite  pleasant 
and  exciting  narrative."— Daily  Graphic. 

NEW  NOVEL  BY  CHRISTABEL  COLERIDGE. 

Author  of  '  An  English  Squire,  &c. 

MISS      LUCY. 

"  A  really  charming  story,  extremely  genuine,  and  dealing 
with  a  social  question  which  is  always  pressing beauti- 
fully thought  out."— Observer. 

NEW  NOVEL  BY  EDWARD  McNULTY, 
Author  of  '  Maureen,'  '  Misther  O'Ryan,'  &c. 

MRS.  MULLIGANS  MILLIONS 

NEW  NOVEL  BY  MRS.  ALICE  DIEHL, 

Author  of  'The  Garden  of  Eden,'  &c. 

AN  ACTORS  LOVE  STORY. 

NEW  NOVEL  BY  MRS.  FRED  REYNOLDS, 

Author  of  '  A  Quaker  Wooing,'  '  In  Silence,'  <fcc. 

ST.  DAVID  OF  THE  DUST. 

NEARLY  READY. 

NEW  NOVEL  BY  MADAME  ALBANESI. 

DRUSILLA'S  POINT  OF  VIEW. 

NEW  NOVEL  BY  MISS  BRADDON. 

DURING  HER  MAJESTY'S 
PLEASURE. 

Price  3s.  6d . 

NEW  NOVEL  BY  WINIFRED  CRISPE, 

Author  of  '  Snares." 

CORRY  THORNDIKE. 

NEW  NOVEL  BY  ALICE  AND  CLAUDE  ASKEW. 

THE  ORCHARD  CLOSE. 

NEW  NOVEL  BY  CONSTANTINE  RALLI, 

Author  of  '  The  Strange  Adventures  of  Falconer  Thring.' 

JULIAN  STEELE. 


COLLECTED  ESSAYS  OF  "MERLIN" 
IN  'THE  REFEREE.' 

GUESSES  AT  TRUTHS, 

Ethical,  Social,  Political,  Literary. 

BY  DAVID  CHRISTIE  MURRAY. 
With  a  Portrait.    Price  6*. 

SIXPENNY  EDITION  OF 

MISS  BRADDONS  SUCCESSFUL  NOVEL, 

THE  WHITE  HOUSE. 

Ready  on  the  ISth. 

HURST    &    BLACKETT,    Limited, 
182,  High  Holborn,  W.C. 


THE  8TANDARD  LIBRARY  OF  HISTORY. 

THE    STORY    OF   THE    NATIONS. 

NEW   VOLUME  READY. 

THE  ROMAN  EMPIRE. 
(B.C.    29-A.D.   476.) 

Kyll    STUAB1   JOKES,  MA.     With  Maps 

and  many  other  Illustrations,  ■" 
A  complete  Lint  of  the  Volumes  and  Authors  will 
be    sent    pott    free,    on    application    to   T.    Fisher 
Unwin,  1,  Adelphi  Terrace,  London 

ORIENTAL  CAMPAIGNS  AND 
EUROPEAN    FURLOUGHS. 

The  Autobiography  of  an  Indian  Mutiny 
Veteran. 

By  Col.  EDWIN  MAUDE,  late  H.M.  2nd 
(Leinster)  Regiment.  With  a  Photogravure 
Frontispiece.     Demy  Svo,  cloth,  7s.  (id.  n<t. 

HISTORY  OF  IRELAND  TO 
THE  COMING  OF  HENRY  II. 

By    ARTHUR    Da    CLERIGH,    MA.   K.C. 

Demy  Svo,  cloth,  10*.  (id.  net 
This  volume  is  complete  in  itself.     It  is  a  record 
of  Irish  history  from  the  earliest  times  to  1171. 

CHARLES  BRADLAUGH. 

A  Record  of  his  Life  and  Work. 

By  his  Daughter,  HYPATIA  BRADLAUGH 
BONNER.  With  an  account  of  his  Parlia- 
mentary Struggle,  Politics,  and  Teaching 
JOHN*  M.  ROBERTSON.  M.P.  New  and 
Cheaper  Edition.  With  New  Introductory 
Chapter.  Cloth,  2*.  (id.  net.  Uniform  with 
Mr.  Morley's  '  Life  of  Richard  Cobden.' 

THE  SOCIALIST  MOVEMENT 
IN  ENGLAND. 

By  BROUGHAM  VILLIERS.  Demy  8vo, 
10s.  6d.  net. 
"  Mr.  Villiers's  book  does  just  what  such  a  history 
ought  to  do — sets  out  clearly  the  main  facts  and 
personalities,  but  does  not  load  the  story  with 
minutia;,  giving  the  main  attention  to  a  spirited 
account  of  the  stream  of  tendencies  which  have 
expressed  themselves  in  the  more  definite  social- 
istic movement." — Manchester  Guardian. 

WILD  HONEY 

FROM  VARIOUS  THYME. 

By  MICHAEL  FIELD.     Crown  8vo,  5s.  net. 

"'Wild  Honey'  is  one  of  the   most  delightful 

books  that  the  last  ten  years  have  given  us,  and 

should  be  read  by  every  lover  of  poetry." — Academy. 

THE  CANADIAN  KIPLING. 

SONGS  OF  A  SOURDOUGH. 

By  ROBERT   W.    SERVICE.     Small  crown 

Svo,  2.i.  M.  net. 
"  In  '  Songs  of  a  Sourdough,'  Mr.  Service  has  got 
nearer  to  the  heart  of  the  old-time  place-miner  than 
any  other  verse-maker  in  all  the  length  and  height 
of  the  great  Dominion." — Morning  Post. 

CHRIST  AND  THE  NATION. 

Westminster  and  other  Sermons. 

By  H.  HENSLEY  HENSON,  Canon  of  W,   • 
minster,  and  Rector  of  St.  Margaret's.     Crown 
8vo,  cloth,  5s.  net. 

NOTABLE  6-  NOVELS. 
THE  BLUE  LAGOON. 

By  H.  DE  VERE  STACPOOLE. 

THE  TRAITOR'S  WIFE. 

By  W.  H.   WILLIAMSON. 

MAROZIA. 

By  A.  G.  HALES. 

PARADISE  COURT. 

By  J.  S.  FLETCHER. 

AN  OLD  MAN'S  DARLING. 

By  LUCAS  CLEEVE. 
T.  FISHER  UNWIN,  1,  Adelphi  Terrace,  London. 


No.  4198,  April  11,  1908 


THE     ATHENAEUM 


441 


SATURDAY,  APRIL  11,  1908. 


CONTENTS. 

PAGE 

Thomas  Hood's  Life  and  Times..       ..       ...       ..441 

History  of  the  Jews  in  England 442 

F.  W.  Maitland  443 

Primitive  Secret  Societies       443 

New  Novels  (Miss  Lucy ;  The  Scourge ;  The  Lost 
Millionaire;  The  World  that  Never  Was;  The 
Ways  of  Rebellion  ;  The  Daughter  ;  The  Master- 
Knot ;  Gilbert  Hermer ;  The  Watchers  of  the 
Plains  ;  The  House  of  the  Lost  Court ;  Irene  of  the 

Ringlets  ;  A  Lifted  Veil) 444—446 

english  topogramy  and  guides       446 

Books  of  Travel  and  Foreign  Guides       ..       ..446 

Short  Stories .448 

Our  Library  Table  (My  Alpine  Jubilee  ;  Aspects  of 
George  Meredith ;  The  Book,  its  History  and 
Development;  Diintzer's  Life  of  Goethe;  Easter 
Eggs  ;  Morley's  Life  of  Cobden  ;  Crockford  ;  The 

People's  Library) 449 

A  Welsh  Milking  Song  ;  Notes  from  Paris  ;  Mr. 
Bernard  Shaw  in  French  ;  '  Bombay  in  the 
Days  of  George  IV.' ;  The  Derivation  of 
"London";  The  Provencal  Tongue ;  Tyburn 
Gallows  and  "The  Elms";  A  Question  of 

Authorship         450—452 

List  of  New  Books -       ..       ..452 

Literary  Gossip        453 

Science— Anthropological     Notes  ;     Societies  ; 

Meetings  Next  Week  ;  Gossip     ..        ..     454—456 
Fine  Arts— The  Rhine,  its  Valley  and  History  ; 
The  Ridley  Art  Club  ;   Mr.  Oliviers  Paint- 
ings ;  The  Work  of  Mr.  Louis  Davis;  Minor 
Exhibitions  ;  Historical  Exhibition  of  Liver- 
pool Art  ;  Sale  ;  Gossip  ;  Exhibitions  . .     456—459 
Music— Schumann's   Letters  ;    Garcia   the    Cen- 
tenarian ;  Gossip  ;  Performances  Next  Week    459 
Drama— The  Merchant  of  Venice  ;  Gossip       459—460 
Index  to  Advertisers       460 


LITERATURE 


Thomas  Hood  :   his  Life  and  Times.     By 
Walter  Jerrold.     (Alston  Rivers. 

Despite  the  hint  of  the  title,  which  sug- 
gests an  original  study  of  the  literary 
movement  coincident  with  the  years 
(1821-45)  of  Hood's  activity  as  a  writer, 
this  bulky  book  is  largely  made  up  of 
family  letters  and  copious  extracts  from 
"  Reminiscences  "  by  the  journalist  and 
his  friends — in  short,  the  raw  material 
of  a  biography.  Some  of  this  material, 
notably  that  ranging  over  the  years  1821- 
1825,  is  new,  and  serves  to  expand  and 
amend  the  record  (hitherto  singularly 
meagre  and  faulty)  of  the  external  facts 
of  Hood's  life  ;  on  the  literary  side  it 
cannot  be  said  to  add  much  to  our  existing 
knowledge. 

Mr.  Jerrold  shows  that  Hood  was  born 
on  May  23rd,  1799 — not,  as  was  long 
believed,  1798 ;  that  he  married  on 
May  5th,  1825 — not,  as  his  son  affirms 
('  Memorials,'  1850,  i.  17),  1824 ;  and 
that,  notwithstanding  the  explicit  state- 
ment of  the  same  authority  (ibid.,  p.  18, 
note),  his  courtship  of  Jane  Reynolds 
won  from  the  first  the  hearty  and  entire 
approval  of  her  family.  Errors  on  these 
and  other  points  in  the  life,  originated 
or  confirmed  in  the  '  Memorials,'  are  hero 
finally  corrected.  But  the  reader  looks 
in  vain  for  an  attempt  to  catalogue  Hood's 
journalistic  work — his  contributions  to 
The  Atlas,  The  Athenceum,  The  London 
Magazine.  The  omission  is  deplorable, 
for  such  tabular  aids,  while  in  the  case 
of  unsigned  or  pseudonymous  work 
necessarily  tentative  and  incomplete, 
nevertheless  constitute  an  indispensable 
supplement  to  the  biography  of  one  who, 
with  all  his  gifts  of  fancy,  wit,  and  humour, 


lacked  something  of  the  poet's  heroic 
mould  of  heart  and  brain,  and  remained 
a  literary  journalist  to  the  end.  In- 
stead, therefore,  of  referring  the  inquirer 
to  "  any  complete  collection  of  the 
poems,"  or  to  "  the  seven-  or  ten-volume 
edition  of  the  works " — in  which,  he 
placidly  observes,  "  some  of  the  prose  " 
will  be  found — Mr.  Jerrold  would  have 
done  well  to  take  pattern  by  that  sagacious 
sleuth-hound,  Hazlitt's  latest  biographer, 
M.  Jules  Douady.  In  his  '  Liste  Chrono- 
logique  '  "  incertainties  now  crown  them- 
selves assured,"  and  more  than  one  waif 
from  the  long-defunct  Atlas,  heretofore 
"  supposed  as  forfeit  to  a  confined  doom," 
rejoices  in  a  new  lease  of  life. 

A  certain  slackness  marks  Mr.  Jerrold's 
handling  of  Hood's  journalism.  It  re- 
appears in  his  treatment  of  an  incident 
which,  were  it  only  as  serving  to  illustrate 
the  exceeding  tenderness  of  the  literary 
conscience  of  earlier  days,  deserved  a 
fuller  exposition.  Concerning  Hood's 
editorship  of  '  The  Gem '  for  1829  Mr. 
Jerrold  writes  : — 

"  The  annual,  to  which  Scott  readily 
contributed,  duly  came  out  at  the  end  of 
the  year  [1828],  under  the  title  of  'The 
Gem,'  with  sixteen  plates  in  the  approved 
fashion  of  the  day,  and  with  contributions 
from  a  large  number  of  writers.  Lamb, 
despite  his  expressed  objection  to  the 
fashionable  miscellanies,  promised,  besides 
his  verses  '  On  an  Infant  Dying  as  soon  as 
Born,'  a  contribution  to  accompany  a  plate 
entitled  '  The  Widow.'  He  being  unwell, 
Mary  Lamb  suggested  that  Hood  should 
write  something  in  Lamb's  name,  which 
he  did,  and  '  A  Widow — by  C.  Lamb,  Esq.,' 
duly  found  its  place  among  the  contents  of 
the  annual.  That  Lamb,  as  Hood  recorded, 
took  the  forgery  in  good  part  may  be  seen 
from  the  notelet  in  which  he  reversed  their 
names  : — '  Dear  Lamb, — You  are  an  im- 
pudent varlet,  but  I  will  keep  your  secret .... 
Miss  M.  and  her  Tragedy  may  be  dished  : 
so  may  not  you  and  your  rib.  Health  attend 
you.  Yours,  T.  Hood,  Esq.  Miss  Bridget 
Hood  sends  love.'  " 

From  this  summary  account  of  the 
matter  one  could  only  infer  that  the  hoax 
had  prospered  to  the  heart's  desire. 
In  point  of  fact,  Hood's  innocent-looking 
little  "  plant  "  bore  a  crop  of  sour  fruit 
which  set  the  victim's  teeth  on  edge,  and 
for  the  moment  seemed  likely  to  poison 
his  friendship  for  the  perpetrator.  The 
following  is  the  true  version  of  the  story. 

In  the  summer  of  1828,  while  on  a  visit 
to  the  Lambs  at  Enfield,  Hood  had 
bespoken  from  his  host  a  short  character- 
sketch  for  'The  Gem,'  to  be  entitled, 
'  The  Widow.'  That  Lamb  had  not 
positively  accepted  the  commission  appears 
from  the  following  letter  addressed  by 
Mary  Lamb  to  Hood  shortly  after  his 
return  to  town  : — 

"  Charles  wishes  to  know  moro  about 
'  Tho  Widow.'  Is  it  to  bo  mado  to  match 
a  drawing  ?  [It  was  intended  to  accompany 
a  plato  from  tho  picture  by  C.  R.  Loslie.] 
If  you  could  throw  a  little  moro  light  on 
the  subjoct  I  think  ho  would  do  it,  when 
Emma  [Isola]  is  gone  ;  but  his  timo  will 
bo  quito  takon  up  with  her.... She  leaves 
in  a  wook,  unless  she  receives  a  renewal 
of  hor  holidays,  which  Mrs.  Williams  [in 
whose  family  E.  I.  was  governess]  has  half 
promised  her. .  .  .As  to  my  poor  sonnet.  .  .  . 


nobody  remembers  more  than  one  line  of  itr 
which  is,  I  think,  sufficient  to  convince  you 
that  it  would  make  no  great  impression 
in  an  Annual.  So  pray  let  it  rest  in  peace, 
and  I  will  make  Charles  write  a  better  one 
instead." 

The  upshot  of  all  this  was  that  Lamb, 
just  then  in  poor  health  and  spirits, 
reneagued  '  The  Widow  '  ;  but,  inspired 
by  the  untimely  arrest  of  a  sheep-stealer, 
whose  case,  as  one  "  cut  off  from  his  first, 
last,  and  only  hope  of  mutton-pie,"  he 
feelingly  commiserated,  after  four  days' 
toil  produced  the  fine  copy  of  verses 
entitled  '  The  Gypsy's  Malison,'  which 
he  offered  to  Hood  in  lieu  of  the  sonnet 
modestly  withheld  by  Mary.  To  his 
amazement,  the  verses  were  declined  on 
the  ground  that  they  "  would  shock  all 
mothers."  What  ?  Had  he  then  lived 
to  grow  into  an  indecent  character^? 
"  I  am  born  out  of  time  !  "  he  writes  to 
B.  W.  Procter  :-^ 

"  I  have  no  conjecture  about  what  the 
present  world  calls  delicacy.  Oh,  B.  C. 
my  whole  heart  is  faint,  and  my  whole  head 
is  sick  at  this  damned,  canting,  unmasculine 
age  !  Was  this  a  four  teener  to  be  rejected 
by  a  trumpery  Annual  ?  Damn  the  age  ; 
I  will  write  for  Antiquity  1  " 

Thus  bad  began  ;  but  worse  remained 
behind.  While  still  smarting  under  the 
indignity  of  rejection,  Lamb  received 
from  Hood  the  proof  of  a  sketch  entitled 
'The  Widow— by  C.  Lamb,  Esq.'  He 
was,  in  his  own  phrase,  "  puzzled  and 
staggered  "  at  this  liberty  :  he  had  under- 
stood merely  that  Hood  was  going  to 
attempt  something  in  his  manner — not 
at  all  that  his  name  was  to  be  used.  Two 
days  later,  calling  on  Hood  in  town,  he 
found  the  sheets  of  '  The  Gem  '  lying  on 
the  table.  His  consent  to  this  question- 
able proceeding,  then,  had  not  been  waited 
for  ;  the  proof  had  been  kept  back  till 
the  sheets  were  struck  off,  then  sent  with 
the  assurance  that  his  good  nature  would 
not  interfere  at  so  late  a  stage  when  it 
would  have  been  difficult  to  find  other 
matter  to  fill  the  place  of  '  The  Widow.' 
Displeased  and  uneasy,  he  yet  refrained 
from  openly  disavowing  the  sketch, 
thereby  assuming  all  responsibility  for  it. 
The  sequel  may  be  told  in  the  words  of 
a  letter  to  Hood,  dated  Dec.  17th,  in 
which,  he  writes,  "  I  will  say  all  that  is 
in  my  mind  on  the  subject,  that  it  may 
never  enter  as  a  topic  of  conversation  be- 
tween us,  nor  rise  up  to  disturb  a  friend- 
ship which  I  value." 

"  With  the  exception  of  two  words  in 
inverted  commas  near  tho  beginning  ["  Her 
sables  are  a  perpetual  'Black  Joke'"], 
which  have  raised  up  all  the  stir,  I  see  no 
reason  why  any  objection  should  have  been 
raised  against  it  [tho  sketch  signed  with 
Lamb's  name].  But  Robinson  in  a  large 
company  at  Bury  was  publicly  taxed  for 
having  been  formerly  a  praiser  of  my 
writings,  and  tho  obnoxious  passage  tri- 
umphantly appealed  to  with  '  See  what 
your  friend  Lamb  can  write  !  '  1  do  not 
know  whether  you  know  that  those  words 
to  a  common  tunc — they  are  prefixed  to 
one  of  Mooro's  Melodies — are  taken  from 
somo  very  old  indelicate  song,  whioh  neither 
I,  nor  any  one  1  ever  mot  with,  1  believe,  ever 
MW, but 'tis  tradition,  and  I  thought  it  had 
passod  into  a  mero  name  of  a  tuno — as  it 


442 


T  II  E     ATIIKN^UM 


No.  4198,  Aj'kil  11,  1908 


stand*  in  the  Ifelodii  i    Mid  would  be  pa    ad 

OVer.       Hut    M    many    cm  niics    are    about    in 

worthleea  journals  to  piok  ■  hole  in  poor 
authors'  ooeta,tha(  I  only  wonder  we  oune 
ofi  bo  easily.  Bed  any  one  of  them  spoken 
out,  n  mufll  have  ruined  the  sale  of  the  book. 
....This  outcry  oould  not  have  been  foro- 
sivn  by  you,  and  I  consider  it  as  unlucky 
only.  II"  I  have  any  quarrel  with  you  it 
w  as  —  for  1  have  made  it  up  from  my  hoart — 
that  when  1  went  to  your  bouso  two  days 
after  receiving  said  proof,  I  found  the  volume 
done  up,  and  a  few  days  after  a  censure  of  it 
in  a  weekly  tiling,  so  that  I  had  no  option 
of  taking  or  declining  the  said  honour. 
I  think  you  had  better  let  it  drop,  or  say 
we  did  it  between  us,  and  make  light  of  it. 
I  did  confess  it  to  R.,  and  to  one  other, 
but  acquitted  you  of  all  blame,  believing 
that  you  thought  you  had  my  assent  to  it. 
Having  oxhaustod  all  my  ill  blood  in  the 
above,  let  it  be  as  it  had  nover  been,  and 
us  old  friends  to  the  latest  day  as  ever.  I  '11 
come  and  see  the  farce — and  God  bless  you 
both  !— C.  L." 

Tant  soil  peu  ezigeant,  one  inclines  to 
think,  the  standard  for  purity  of  style 
erected  by  these  worthy  folk  of  Bury  ! 
In  a  like  spirit  The  Eclectic  Review  (Decem- 
ber, 1828)  referred  to  'The  Widow'  as 
profaning  Leslie's  picture  by  its  "  heartless 
ribaldry."  The  whole  incident  shows 
Hood  in  his  editorial  character  as  oscil- 
lating giddily  between  the  extremes  of 
caution  and  irresponsibility,  while  it 
yields  yet  another  proof  of  the  sweet 
reasonableness  of  him  whom  Thackeray, 
not  lightly  moved  to  enthusiasm,  once 
named  Saint  Charles.  But  his  saintship 
must  have  felt  some  entirely  profane 
satisfaction  in  thus  neatly  turning  the 
tables  on  the  editor  who  had  rashly  pre- 
sumed to  reject  '  The  Gypsy's  Malison  ' 
as  too  plainspoken  for  the  English  matron's 
drawing-room  table. 

"  According  to  Hessey,  recalling  the 
matter  after  many  [twenty- seven]  years," 
says  Mr.  Jerrold,  "  Hood  wrote  nothing 
in  The  London  after  June,  1823."  Hessey, 
however,  states  expressly  that  he  had  no 
means  of  ascertaining  who  were  the 
staff  after  the  change  of  proprietorship 
at  the  close  of  1824.  In  January,  1825, 
The  London  entered  upon  a  new  series, 
the  price  being  raised  from  half-a-crown 
to  three-and-sixpence,  and  the  tone  and 
contents  clearly  testifying  to  a  change 
of  editors,  or  at  any  rate  editorial  methods. 
Possibly,  as  Mr.  Jerrold  suggests,  the  new 
series  was  edited  by  Charles  Wentworth 
Dilke  who  had  formerly  contributed 
to  the  magazine  over  the  signature 
"  Thurma."  Whether  this  conjecture 
is  sound  or  not,  the  new  regime  was 
marked  by  the  return  of  some  of  the  old 
hands,  and  the  revived  activity  of  others. 
Thus  Lamb,  who  during  the  preceding 
twelvemonth  had  contributed  twice  only, 
appeared  in  the  first  eight  numbers  of 
the  new  series  no  fewer  than  fourteen 
times ;  while  Hood,  whose  connexion 
as  sub-editor  had  apparently  terminated 
in  June,  1823,  became  once  more  under 
the  new  control  an  occasional  contributor. 
An  '  Ode  to  George  Colman  the  Younger;' 
in  the  January  number — the  '  Odes  and 
Addresses  to  Great  People '  were  printed, 
it  will  be  remembered,  in  February,  1825 
— is  regarded  by  Mr.  Jerrold  with  great 


probability  as  "  marking  the  commence- 
ment of  B  temporary  renewal  of  Hood's 
connexion  with  t lie  magazine  "  ;  while  an 
article  in  the  ensuing  number  entitled 
'  The  Art  of  Advertising  Made  Easy,' 
in  which  Colburn's  Pinkertonian  methods 
are  held  up  to  ridicule,  is  shown  to  be 
Hood's  by  the  initials  "  P.  A.  Z."  below 
it — a  signature  which,  in  one  of  the  '  Odes 
and  Addresses,'  Hood  explicitly  claims 
as  his  own.  In  the  course  of  this  article 
Hood  observes  : — 

"It  is  pretty  well  known  that  a  cele- 
brated prose  writer  of  the  present  day  was 
induced  by  Bish  to  try  his  hand  at  those 
little  corner  delicacies  of  a  newspaper — the- 
Lottery  puffs  ;  and  that  his  productions 
were  roturnod  upon  his  hands  as  being  too 
modest  for  use.  Poor  soul  1  He  thought 
he  could  write  ;  and  florid  Mr.  Atkinson, 
with  a  pen  dipt  in  his  own  curling  fluid, 
wrote  a  flourishing  paragraph  that  put 
him  quite  beside  himself." 

"  It  would  be  interesting,"  comments 
Mr.  Jerrold  here,  "  to  identify  that  cele- 
brated prose  writer.''''  According  to  Haz- 
litt,  who  tells  the  same  story,  the  rejected 
puff- purveyor  was  none  other  than  Charles 
Lamb.  We  may  add  that  at  least  one 
other  article  of  1825 — '  The  Sorrows  of 
**  ***  >  j-an  Asg-j^  wnich  appeared  in  the 
September  number — may  with  virtual 
certainty  be  assigned  to  Hood. 

If  Mr.  Jerrold  is  not  always  impeccable 
in  his  handling  of  literary  matters,  he 
does  full  justice  to  the  human,  domestic, 
and  social  sides  of  his  subject.  He  has 
evidently  spared  no  pains  to  fill  in  the 
bare  outlines  given  by  Hood's  children 
of  their  father's  early  fife  ;  and  in  telling 
the  tragic  story  of  its  close  he  writes  with 
brevity,  simplicity,  and  self-restraint. 
In  the  final  chapters  the  prolix  pages 
of  the  '  Memorials '  are  condensed  into 
a  narrative  genuinely  and  profoundly 
moving,  but  there  is  no  straining  after 
pathos.  For  some  of  his  heaviest  mis- 
fortunes, no  doubt,  Hood  himself  must 
be  held  accountable.  In  his  commercial 
enterprises  he  was  incorrigibly  rash — 
perversely  rash,  possibly,  for  he  did  not 
lack  a  friend  ever  loyal,  zealous,  and  ready 
with  prudent  counsel  and  open-handed 
help.  Mr.  Jerrold  has  relegated  that 
masterpiece  of  invective,  '  My  Tract,' 
to  an  appendix  :  he  might,  with  advantage 
to  Hood's  character  as  a  man,  have 
omitted  it  altogether;  for  it  is  such  a  gross, 
such  a  mortal  insult,  as  no  man,  how- 
ever sharply  provoked  or  cruelly  tortured, 
would,  we  think,  be  justified  in  inflicting 
on  a  woman.  In  the  first  paragraph, 
and  the  last  but  one,  Hood  passes  beyond 
the  limits  of  common  humanity.  Let 
us  hope  that  the  lady's  acquaintance 
with  the  works  of  Fielding  was  such  as 
to  leave  her  ignorant  of  the  meaning 
of  the  reference  to  Joseph  Andrews  and 
Lady  Booby. 


A  History  of  the  Jews  in  England.  By 
Albert  M.  Hyamson.  (Chatto  & 
Windus.) 

Much  has  been  done  of  late  to  prepare 
the  way  for  the  compilation  of  a  more 


accurate  and  comprehensive  history  of 
the  .Jews  in  England  than  has  bean 
available  hitherto.  Among  monograph- 
of  considerable  value  arc  socially  to  be 
mentioned  Mr.  J.  M.  Rigg's  '  Select 
Pleas,  Starrs,  and  other  Records  from 
the  Rolls  of  the  Exchequer  of  the  Jews.' 
the  same  author's  '  Calendar  of  the  Plea 
Rolls  of  the  Exchequer  of  the  Jews,'  and 
Mr.  H.  S.  Q.  Henriques's  'The  Return  oi 
t  he  Jews  to  England.'  Both  these  write:  - 
approach  their  subject  with  a  mind 
rigorously  trained  in  the  principles  <>f 
English  law,  an  equipment  without  which 
it  would,  indeed,  be  vain  to  attempt  the 
solution  of  several  important  problems 
connected  with  the  theme.  '  The  Life  and 
Miracles  of  St.  William  of  Norwich,'  by 
Dr.  A.  Jessopp  and  Dr.  M.  R.  James, 
is  a  good  example  of  research  on  I 
blood  legend  which  made  its  first  appear- 
ance in  England  in  the  supposed  martyi- 
dom  of  a  Norwich  boy  in  1146.  Note- 
worthy, also,  are  the  Transactions 
of  the  Jewish  Historical  Society,  Mr. 
Joseph  Jacobs's  '  The  Jews  of  Angevin 
England,'  Mr.  B.  L.  Abrahams's  '  The 
Expulsion  of  the  Jews  from  England,'  and 
the  late  Dr.  Neubauer's  '  Notes  on  the 
Jews  in  Oxford.' 

It  must  be  owned,  however,  that  much 
of  the  work  so  far  done  is  popular  and 
ingenious  rather  than  accurate  and  con- 
vincing. It  is  therefore  the  duty  of 
the  historian  to  subject  the  accumulated 
materials  before  him  to  a  thorough 
critical  examination  before  proceeding 
to  write.  The  authoritative  Anglo  - 
Jewish  historian  should,  indeed,  pos- 
a  combination  of  qualities  which  are 
rarely  to  be  met  with  in  one  person. 
Besides  having  a  good  insight  into  certain 
branches  of  English  law  of  both  early  and 
modern  times,  he  should  be  fully  con- 
versant with  mediaeval  habits  of  thought 
and  modes  of  feeling,  as  manifested  in 
Christian  England  of  the  period  on  the 
one  hand,  and  pre  -  expulsion  Anglo- 
Judaism  on  the  other.  Another  requisite 
would  be  a  good  working  knowledge  of 
the  rebgious,  economic,  and  social  con- 
ditions through  which  England  has  passed 
from  the  immigration  of  the  Jews  under 
William  I.  to  very  near  our  own  time. 
The  problem  of  Crypto-Judaism  during 
the  period  of  the  Jews'  supposed  absence 
from  the  country  would  require  a  certain 
power  of  metaphorical  digging  under 
ground  in  order  to  get  at  the  root  of  the 
matter.  In  addition  to  these  qualifica- 
tions, there  must  be  another  which,  though 
not  peculiar  to  the  present  subject,  is 
more  difficult  of  attainment  here  than 
elsewhere.  This  is  the  almost  paradoxical 
attitude  of  sympathy  with  both  sides  and 
aloofness  from  each  ;  for  in  the  absence 
of  sympathy  the  historian  would  run 
the  risk  of  being  unconsciously  unjust 
to  one  side  or  the  other,  and  without 
detachment  he  would  hardly  succeed 
in  restraining  himself  from  favouring 
one  set  of  persons  at  the  expense  of  the 
other. 

We  cannot  say  that  the  author  of  the 
work  now  before  us  possesses  to  the  full 


No.  4198,  April  11,  1908 


THE    ATHEN^UM 


443 


all  the  qualifications  just  referred  to,  but 
we  are  nevertheless  glad  to  welcome  his 
'  History  '  as  an  important  addition  to 
the  literature  on  this  interesting  subject. 
Whilst  leaving  here  and  there  room 
for  improvement,  it  exhibits  a  number 
of  praiseworthy  features,  and  is  both 
readable  and  attractive.  A  few  remarks 
on  details  must  suffice.  Mr.  Hyamson 
apparently  still  considers  it  possible 
that  the  Phoenician  "  Berat  -  Anach  " 
("  tin-mine,"  not  "  the  country  of  tin  ") 
may  be  the  origin  of  the  name  "  Britain  "  ; 
but  a  mere  glance  at  the  word  in  the 
Oxford  Dictionary  should  have  been 
enough  to  show  him  that  the  time  for 
etymologies  of  this  kind  has  gone  by. 
In  connexion  with  the  settlement  of  the 
Jews  in  England  at  the  time  of  the 
Norman  occupation,  there  seems  to  be  a 
confusion  in  our  author's  mind  between 
the  social  and  commercial  function  of  a 
"  middle  class  "  and  the  special  economic 
purpose  which  induced  the  Norman  rulers 
to  encourage  a  Jewish  immigration  into 
England.  To  turn  to  a  matter  of  an 
entirely  different  kind,  it  seems  hardly 
likely  that  Manasseh  ben  Israel  was  quite 
serious  in  urging  upon  Englishmen  in  the 
time  of  Cromwell  that  unless  the  dispersion 
of  the  Jews  were  made  complete  by  the 
readmission  of  them  into  England,  the 
millennium  could  not  come  The  presence 
of  a  number  of  Crypto-Jews  in  the  country 
might,  moreover,  have  been  considered 
sufficient,  so  far  as  the  coming  of  the 
millennium  was  concerned.  A  defect  of 
the  latter  chapters  of  the  book  consists 
in  the  exclusion  of  places  other  than 
London  from  the  narrative.  Readers 
may  miss  the  desired  information  about 
Leeds,  Manchester,  Birmingham,  and 
other  large  centres. 

On  the  much-discussed  question  as  to 
the  date  of  the  resettlement  of  the  Jews 
in  England,  our  author  sides  with  Mr. 
Lucicn  Wolf,  who  considers  that  the 
time  of  the  Whitehall  Conference  (1655) 
should  be  regarded  as  the  true  starting- 
point.  Mr.  H.  S.  Q.  Henriques,  on  the 
other  hand,  argues  that  so  far  as  the  public 
recognition  of  a  Jewish  community  is 
concerned,  the  order  in  Council  issued 
for  their  protection  by  Charles  II.  in  1664 
was  the  beginning  of  resettlement  in  the 
proper  sense  of  the  word.  Even  then, 
however,  the  safety  of  the  Jews  lay  not 
in  the  established  laws  of  the  realm, 
but  in  the  King  s  dispensing  power ; 
and  Mr.  Henriques  has  shown  that  from 
the  wider  national  point  of  view  the  prac- 
tice of  the  Jewish  religion  in  England 
was  not  strictly  legal  before  Parliament 
declared  it  to  be  so  in  1846.  It  would 
be  a  mistake,  however,  to  think  that 
the  disabilities  of  the  Jews,  and  their 
difficulty  in  regaining  a  foothold  in  the 
country,  were  merely  the  result  of  their 
banishment  in  1290.  The  fact  is  that, 
in  addition  to  the  old  prejudice  against 
them,  they  fell  under  the  general  designa- 
tion of  "  recusants,  and  had  thus  to 
suffer  in  common  with  other  nonconform- 
ing religious  bodies  until  all  denominations 
were  declared  to  be  equal  in  the  eye  of 
the  law. 


Frederic    William  Maitland.       By  A.   L. 
Smith.     (Oxford,  Clarendon  Press.) 

In  these  two  memorial  lectures  we  have 
a  serious  attempt  to  estimate  both  the 
immediate  and  the  permanent  value  of 
the  late  Prof.  Maitland's  writings.  The 
former  consideration  is  discussed  by  Mr. 
A.  L.  Smith  in  felicitous  terms,  and  his 
appreciation  of  Maitland's  personal  and 
scholarly  qualities  is  convincing.  The 
historian's  claim  to  the  fellowship  of  a 
"  converted  lawyer  "  is  an  excellent  point, 
and  equally  notable  is  the  estimate 
of  the  distinguished  convert's  attitude 
towards  his  original  sect.  Mr.  Smith 
thinks  that  it  was  "  professional,  but  not 
too  professional  " — an  expression  which 
is  judicious.  Naturally  the  lecturer 
makes  special  reference  to  Maitland's 
effective  use  of  concrete  examples  in  the 
shape  of  "  modern  correspondents,"  and 
he  is  able  to  give  some  capital  illustrations 
of  the  great  scholar's  marvellous  versa- 
tility. 

At  the  same  time  it  must  be  admitted 
that  the  predilections  of  an  author's 
friends  and  biographers  for  certain  works 
and  particular  passages  thereof  can  only 
be  regarded  as  expressions  of  individual 
opinion.  Indeed,  a  friendly  rivalry  in 
the  selection  of  materials  to  illustrate 
the  wit  and  wisdom  of  a  Maitland  may  be 
easily  permitted.  For  instance,  some  of 
us  might  desire  a  fuller  recognition  of  the 
merits  of  the  Rolls  edition  of  certain 
'  Memoranda  de  Parliamento,'  whilst 
others  might  inwardly  wish  that  the  doctor 
learned  in  either  law  had  never  fallen 
under  the  spell  of  the  Dom-boc. 

We  are  not  sure  that  every  one  will  agree 
with  Mr.  Smith  in  his  surmise  that  Mait- 
land might  have  devoted  himself  success- 
fully to  narrative  history.  But  apart 
from  these  differences  of  opinion,  it  is 
scarcely  wise  to  attach  too  much  import- 
ance to  the  chapter  on  the  Elizabethan 
Church  settlement  contributed  to  '  The 
Cambridge  Modern  History,'  or  to  fugitive 
essays  which  have  not  had  the  benefit 
of  the  author's  revision.  Incidentally 
we  may  remark  that  the  careful  biblio- 
graphy appended  to  these  lectures  might 
be  more  conveniently  arranged. 

From  illustrations  of  the  charm  of 
Maitland's  literary  style  we  pass  to  the 
consideration  of  its  ultimate  effect.  It 
was  not  George  the  Third  who  wished 
that  Wolfe  would  bite  some  of  his  generals  ; 
but  the  anecdote  is  aptly  introduced  by 
Mr.  Smith  to  express  a  desirable  inocula- 
tion of  our  "  budding  historians."  For 
our  own  part,  we  are  selfishly  content 
to  keep  Maitland  to  ourselves  ;  whilst  we 
do  not  think  that  the  time  has  come 
to  form  an  estimate  of  the  permanent 
value  of  his  literary  method  from  the 
narrower  aspect  of  the  requirements  of 
historical  students  or  legal  antiquaries. 
Mr.  Smith  has  mentioned  the  names  of 
Mneaulay  and  Madox  in  connexion  with 
that  of  Maitland;  but  is  it  certain  that, 
fifty  years  hence.  Maitland  will  be  read 
M;uaulay  is  read  now,  or  that  he  will 
be  used  as,  after  two  hundred  years, 
we.    still    use    Madox  ?     The    question    is 


forced  upon  us  by  the  reflection  that, 
in  spite  of  Mr.  Smith's  natural  prediction 
of  literary  immortality,  the  works  of 
Maitland  are  to-day  but  caviare  to  the 
multitude  of  students.  To  some  extent 
the  very  brilliancy  of  Maitland's  style  and 
his  extreme  allusiveness  present  a  serious 
distraction  to  the  stolid  student,  nurtured 
on  concise  and  scientific  definitions  of  his- 
torical or  legal  problems.  For  the  present 
this  obstacle,  created  by  the  frailty  of 
our  natures,  remains  almost  unnoticed. 
We  have  still  much  to  learn  on  almost 
every  aspect  of  our  national  history, 
and  Maitland  by  his  own  high  example 
has  shown  us  how  to  set  about  the  work. 
To  a  prosaic  generation  that  has  little 
left  to  learn,  and  that  has  not  experienced 
the  subtle  charm  of  this  rare  scholar's 
personality,  the  influence  which  he  exerts 
upon  ourselves  may  be  almost  incompre- 
hensible. 


Primitive  Secret  Societies.  By  Hutton 
Webster.  (New  York,  the  Macmillan 
Company.) 

This  is  an  excellent  book,  which  every 
anthropologist  will  do  well  to  add  to  his 
working  library.  Dr.  Webster  evidently 
puts  his  faith  in  the  Tylorian  method  of 
going  straight  to  the  facts,  and  letting 
them  as  far  as  possible  tell  their  own  story. 
Primitive  secret  societies  as  conceived 
by  him  represent  a  fairly  determinate  set 
of  institutions.  Hence  he  has  found 
himself  able  to  work  on  the  basis  of  a 
scheme  of  distribution — a  ground-plan 
on  which  anthropological  induction 
should,  wherever  feasible,  proceed,  for 
nothing  else  makes  so  directly  both  for 
exhaustiveness  of  treatment  and  for  a 
classification  of  the  facts  according  to 
their  natural  affinities.  Confining  himself 
to  Natur-volker,  and  taking  no  notice  of 
survivals,  he  has  illustrated  successive 
aspects  of  his  subject  by  means  of  well- 
authenticated  and  typical  instances 
selected  from  the  following  areas  of  cha- 
racterization in  turn  :  Australia,  with 
Tasmania,  Oceania,  and  more  especially 
Melanesia  ;  Africa  ;  and  America,  South, 
Central,  and  North,  the  Northern  evidence, 
however,  being  of  far  greater  value  than 
the  rest.  Asia,  except  so  far  as  the 
bachelor's  hall,  a  more  or  less  secondary 
topic,  is  concerned,  appears  to  furnish 
little  or  nothing  to  the  point.  It  is  to  be 
noted  as  highly  creditable  to  the  author's 
senso  of  ethnological  perspective  that 
Australia,  that  natural  museum  of 
arrested  growths,  receives  its  due  meed 
of  attention,  there  being  no  trace  of  the 
tendency  to  exaggerate  the  importance  of 
the  clue's  that  lie  nearest  to  the  writer. 

The  sub-title  of  the  book  describes  it 
as  "  a  study  in  early  politics  and  religion," 
and  it  is  not  unfair  to  say  t  hat  Dr.  Webster 
(as  indeed  befits  a  professor  of  sociology) 
inclines  to  put  the  politics  before  the 
religion  throughout.  The  genesis  and 
nature  of  these  secret  societies  as  societies 

provide    the    primary    interest  j     their 

secrecy      and      trafficking      in      mystery 

appear  as  a   Feature    incidental   to  their 

continued     life      as     social      institutions. 


441 


T  II  E    ATHENJEUM 


No.  4198,  Ai'hil  11,  1908 


This  is  probably  on    the   whole    sound 

met  liml.      At      any     rale,     it      presents     a 

refreshing    oontrasl    i<>    the    method    of 

those    purely    psychologies]    studies    of 

caily  religion  which  arc  in  fashion  in 
this  country.  Seen  in  their  sociological 
context,  ideas  that  in  t  hemselves  appear 
utterly  freakish  and  absurd  put  on  a 
functional  significance  that  straightway 
converts  them  into  de  facto  truths. 
Another  point  whioh  a  sociological  treat- 
ment helps  to  bring  out  is  that  the  same 
idea  may  be  both  true  and  false,  an 
edifying  dogma  or  a  pious  fraud,  for 
different  sections  of  one  community. 
It  is  made  abundantly  clear  by  the 
evidence  collected  in  these  pages  that, 
like  the  editor  whose  creed  is  recorded  in 
the  '  Biglow  Papers,'  the  hierophant  of 
savage  mysteries  not  infrequently  per- 
ceives humbug  "  to  hev  a  solid  vally " 
in  the  shape  of  influence  over  the  less 
enlightened,  or  even  of  gain  still  more 
solid,  such  as  food  or  wives.  We  note, 
further,  that  the  idiosyncrasies  of  the  primi- 
tive mind  reveal  themselves  scarcely  less 
clearly  in  the  fictions  it  concocts  than 
in  the  verities  it  clings  to,  since  the 
plausible  must  ever  ape  the  seeming 
real.  Dr.  Webster  might  with  advan- 
tage have  paid  greater  attention  to  the 
psychological  history  of  the  beliefs  and 
mock-beliefs  associated  with  the  secret 
societies.  He  reports  the  facts,  how- 
ever, so  fully  and  lucidly  that  the  reader 
who  is  anything  of  an  expert  can  remedy 
the  deficiency  for  himself. 

We  start  off  with  what  turns  out  to  be 
almost  a  false  scent,  namely,  the  subject 
of  the  "  men's  house,"  an  institution 
which  can  be  shown  to  be  both  firmly 
established  and  widespread  amongst 
primitive  peoples.  Our  main  concern 
is  to  note  how  sexual  segregation, 
founded  largely  on  sexual  taboo,  leads 
up  to  separate  initiations  for  the  sexes, 
and,  in  the  case  of  the  males,  to  the 
secrecy  with  which  they  guard  their 
ceremonies  from  the  eyes  of  the  women. 
To  puberty  rites,  which  are  found  in 
full  vigour  notably  in  Australia,  we  then 
pass  on.  They  are  shown  to  embody 
not  only  a  preparation  of  the  youth  for 
marriage — the  purpose  that  is,  probably, 
more  immediately  responsible  for  their 
existence  and  form — but  also  a  thorough 
training  of  the  novice  in  the  tribal  rules 
and  customs.  Everything  is  done  under 
conditions  of  mystery  that  seize  upon 
an  impressionable  age,  and  render  it 
completely  subject  to  an  awe  of  super- 
human powers,  wherewith  the  tribal 
elders  are  demonstrably  in  league.  Even 
at  this  stage  there  is  not  a  little  humbug, 
as  is  charmingly  illustrated  by  the 
Arunta  custom  of  explaining  to  the 
newly  initiated  that  the  Twanyirika  of 
whom  they  have  hitherto  been  taught  to 
stand  in  dread  is  a  pure  bogy.  But  Dr. 
Webster  is  probably  right  in  asserting 
broadly  that,  "  whatever  else  they  may 
in  time  become,  tribal  initiation  cere- 
monies at  the  outset  are  not  an  organized 
cheat,"  though  more  psychology  was 
needed  if  tliis  bare  statement  was  to  be 
fully  substantiated. 


Now  comes  the  pas  terrible  of  the 
argument.  It  is  next  attempted  to  con- 
nect the  puberty  institutions  with  what 
Dr.  Webster  terms  "tribal  societies.' 
though  surely  they  are  never  tribal  in 
the  full  sense  in  which  the  puberty  cere- 
monies are,  and  often  are  not  so  in  any 
sense  at  all,  since  the  tribesman  may 
belong  to  four  or  five  at  once.  Typical 
examples  are  the  Dukduk  of  Melanesia 
and  the  Egbo  of  West  Africa.  Dr.  Webster 
supposes  these  societies  to  arise  on  the 
basis  of  the  puberty  institutions,  with  the 
shifting  of  authority  from  the  elders  to 
chiefs,  whose  powers,  however,  "  are  yet 
in  a  formative  stage."  At  this  stage  the 
chiefs  have  not  yet  captured  the  whole 
of  the  powers  formerly  vested  in  the 
elders,  so  that  the  secret  societies  are 
able  to  exercise  important  political  and 
judicial  functions  side  by  side  with  the 
individual  rulers  of  groups.  Afterwards, 
however,  as  in  Polynesia  and  North 
America,  aristocratic  conditions  come 
to  prevail,  and  more  powerful  chieftain- 
ships are  established.  Whilst  Polynesia 
certainly  displays  greater  centralization 
of  government  than  does  Melanesia,  is 
Dr.  Webster  right  in  alleging  a  similar 
contrast  to  hold  good  between  North 
America  and  Africa,  or  even  West  Africa 
taken  by  itself  ?  Thereupon  the  secret 
societies,  it  is  argued,  shed  their  adminis- 
trative powers,  and  pass  into  fraternities 
of  priests  whose  concern  is  wholly  with 
the  religious  rites  of  the  community. 

It  is  not  possible  in  our  space  to  do 
justice  to  the  arguments  mounted  on 
which  the  author  seeks  to  "  negotiate  " 
the  various  awkward  fences  lying  in  his 
path.  The  general  idea  is  to  suppose 
a  gradual  shrinkage  of  the  earlier  demo- 
cratic organization  which  offered  initiation 
to  all  or  nearly  all.  Entrance  now 
becomes  more  and  more  costly.  A 
chapter  on  the  origin  and  evolution  of 
such  entrance-fees  would  add  to  the 
completeness  of  the  book.  The  ladder 
of  degrees  becomes  longer  and  more  diffi- 
cult to  climb,  the  members  with  the  higher 
degrees  forming  an  inner  circle,  which 
controls  the  entire  society  in  its  own 
interests.  Humbug  increases,  until  often 
it  proves  its  own  undoing,  and  the 
mysteries  degenerate  into  a  hocuspocus 
that  deceives  nobody.  In  these  and 
other  ways,  it  is  maintained,  stage  comes 
to  succeed  stage  in  a  uniform  and  world- 
wide order  of  development. 

Now  on  a  priori  grounds  alone  such  a 
theory  may  be  suspected.  To  arrange 
all  the  beads  on  one  string  might  be 
termed  the  anthropological  fallacy  par 
excellence.  The  tree  of  evolution  has 
many  spreading  branches,  and  the 
branches  have  many  twigs.  Or,  to  raise 
one  of  many  a  posteriori  objections, 
how  comes  it  that,  whereas  at  the 
Melanesian  stage  the  mystery-mongering 
is  insincere,  hollow,  and  on  its  way  to  be 
found  out,  at  the  more  developed  North 
American  stage  a  revival  of  faith  seems 
to  have  taken  place,  inasmuch  as  the 
secret  societies  have  become  fraternities 
of  priests  entrusted  with  the  tribal  religion 
in  its  most  sacred  form  ?     Does  Dr.  Web- 


ster make  enough — indeed,  can  he  be  aid 
to  make  Anything  -Of  the  fact  that,  side 
by  side  with  the  tribal  initiations  of  l> 
in  Australia,  there  are  entirely  separate 
ordinations  of  medicine-men  conduct ed 
by  the  collegiate  body  of  the  profession  ? 
If  he  is  going  to  get  both  these  besdfl 
on  one  string,  he  must  go  behind  the 
Australian  epoch,  as  it  may  be  termed, 
to  some  hypothetical  foretime  when  such 
differentiation  of  initiation  rite-  had  not 
yet  begun.  Only  in  one  case,  however . 
does  he  try  to  penetrate  beneath  present 
conditions,  namely,  when  he  suggests 
that  clan  initiations  must  have  preceded 
and  originated  tribal  ones.  Since  he  would 
seem  to  preserve  an  open  mind  with 
regard  to  the  manner  in  which  the  clan 
grew  into  the  tribe,  and  since  he  can  pro- 
duce no  evidence  that  there  has  ever  been 
any  such  thing  as  a  clan  initiation  at  all, 
the  suggestion  falls  flat.  But  it  is  a 
comparatively  small  matter  if  on  the  side 
of  theory  the  book  shows  certain  short- 
comings, notably  the  tendency  we  have 
noticed  to  ignore  plurality  of  causal  chains 
of  development.  As  a  systematic  arrange- 
ment of  well-chosen  evidence  it  will  take 
a  high  place  amongst  contemporary  aids 
to  anthropological  study. 


NEW    NOVELS. 


31iss     Lucy.     By     Christabel     Coleridge. 
(Hurst  &  Blackett.) 

Sanity  of  outlook,  firm  balance  of  emotion, 
and  a  good  deal  of  genuine  human  interest 
mark  this  story.  The  orphaned  Miss 
Lucy  has  run  wild  on  the  neglected  estate 
of  her  grandfather,  a  selfish  old  valetudi- 
narian. Her  only  companions,  her  only 
joys,  besides  the  keepers,  the  servants, 
and  a  few  children  "  on  the  property," 
are  the  beasts  of  the  field,  its  fruits  and 
flowers.  As  with  another  Lucy,  there 
are  here  "  none  to  praise  and  very  few 
to  love."  A  dear  old-fashioned  house- 
keeper tries  to  impart  the  elements  of 
"  young-ladyhood  "  ;  but  the  girl,  in 
spite  of  an  essential  air  of  breeding, 
remains  free  of  all  lore  except  nature's. 
At  the  grandfather's  death,  finding  herself 
without  money,  education,  or  a  home 
of  her  own,  she  makes  a  runaway  match 
with  a  secretly  adoring  and  chivalrous 
young  keeper.  He,  like  most  of  the 
people  in  the  story,  has  much  common 
as  well  as  higher  sense.  The  author  has 
treated  a  difficult  situation  with  judgment 
and  even  charm.  The  pair  leave  for 
the  North,  where  Miss  Lucy's  story  is 
not  known  ;  yet  the  strands  of  the  old 
life  soon  become  strangely,  though  not  im- 
probably mixed  with  the  new.  Character 
rather  than  incident  is  the  important 
feature.  The  emotions  of  the  people 
are  so  well  done  that  one  feels  in  con- 
tact with  difficulties  based  on  real  human 
nature. 


The    Scourge.     By    Warrington    Dawson. 
(Methuen  &  Co.) 

A  small  industiial  town  in  one  of  the 
Southern  States  of  America  is  the  scene 
of  this  interesting  novel,  and  the  adopted 


No.  4198,  April  11,  1908 


THE    ATHENAEUM 


445 


son  of  a  rich  manufacturer — a  sturdy  and 
happy  urchin  when  we  first  see  him  greas- 
ing the  machinery  in  the  factory — is  its 
central  figure.  The  play  of  circumstance 
upon  the  character  of  Blokington  Elkins 
is  depicted  with  much  insight  and  skill. 
How  his  nature  is  corrupted  by  the  luxury 
to  which  he  is  suddenly  lifted  ;  how  he 
developes  into  a  selfish,  masterful,  vulgar 
man ;  how  his  finer  qualities  are  tem- 
porarily revived  when  his  fife  is  touched 
by  passion  ;  how  he  is  cheated  by  Fate 
of  the  tender  influence  that  might  have 
redeemed  him,  and  becomes  a  morose 
celibate,  with  an  absorbing  love  of  com- 
mercial power — all  this  forms  a  character- 
study  of  no  little  merit.  The  story  itself 
is  less  pleasing,  and  some  of  its  incidents 
make  a  large  draft  upon  the  credulity  of 
the  reader.  Another  defect  is  that  the 
author  is  too  much  inclined  to  talk  about 
his  characters.  This  is,  however,  an 
earnest  and  clever  piece  of  work. 


The  Lost  Millionaire.  By  Lillias  Camp- 
bell Davidson.  (Cassell  &  Co.) 
This  story  hinges  on  the  disappearance 
of  a  child,  reputed  to  be  the  heir  of  a 
deceased  merchant  prince  —  but  in  fact 
passed  off  as  such  by  the  dead  man's 
ambitious  widow,  fearful  of  losing  a  life 
interest  in  the  estate — and  on  the  efforts 
made  to  recover  him  by  one  Maxwell  Suter, 
to  whom,  as  next  of  kin  and  an  interested 
party,  crime  is  at  once  imputed.  Though 
the  mystery,  which  is  but  little  of  a 
mystery  from  the  first,  owes  much  to  the 
unsuspicious  natures  of  most  of  the 
persons  concerned,  and  coincidence  plays 
a  wild  part  in  setting  matters  right, 
the  narrative  is  mildly  exciting  and 
readable  enough.  Its  characters,  how- 
ever, with  the  exception  of  the  unscru- 
pulous widow  before  mentioned,  are  too 
subservient  to  the  incidents  to  stand  out 
with  any  clearness. 

The   World  that  Never   Was.     By  A.  St. 

John     Adcock.     Illustrated    by    Tom 

Browne.  (Francis  Griffiths.) 
In  this  fantastic  book  are  recorded  the 
strange  adventures  of  a  dainty  little 
maiden  who,  wandering  into  the  City 
at  midnight,  sees  the  familiar  figures  on 
the  hoardings  step  into  the  street.  It  is 
a  delightful  blend  of  fun  and  fancy.  Such 
heroes  as  Dick  Whittington  and  Blue- 
beard are  introduced  into  the  quaint 
revels  of  the  figures  from  the  posters  ; 
and  even  the  stiff  City  statues  are  made 
to  contribute  to  the  fun.  A  particularly 
amusing  character  is  Policeman  1£,  whose 
unhappy  lot  it  is  to  attempt  to  preserve 
some  kind  of  order  among  these  unruly 
beings,  and  whose  task  is  made  the  more 
difficult  by  the  ferocious  animals  that 
leap  nightly  from  the  hoardings  at  the 
stroke  of  twelve.  The  style  is  nicely 
adapted  to  the  story,  and  so  are  the 
illustrations. 

The     Ways    of